Closing an Open Dumpsite and Shifting - International ...

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(a) Area Method This method is used for most sites, including those with shallow groundwater conditions making it unsuitable for the excavation of cells in which to place the waste, and where the volume of solid waste to be disposed of is very large. It is generally adopted on flat or gently sloping land, as well as ravines, valleys, quarries, abandoned strip mines, and other land depressions. In this method, the waste is spread over the working face and compacted by a landfill compactor or bulldozer. After each day, a soil cover is applied and compacted (Figure 6). lift Original ground or landfill liner (b) Trench Method Figure 6. Area Method The trench method is best suited for areas where the groundwater is sufficiently deep to allow for the excavation of trenches. After spreading and compaction of the waste, the soil excavated from the site is used as the daily cover material. A second trench parallel to the first one is then excavated and the excavated soil is used as daily cover for the second trench, as well as additional cover for the first trench. A space of at least 0.60m (2 ft.) is provided to separate the trenches. Original ground or landfill liner Daily earth cover (15 cm.) Final earth cover (15 cm) Compacted solid waste Compacted solid waste cell cell cell Daily earth cover (15 cm.) Figure 7. Trench Method (c) Progressive Slope or Ramp Method A variation of the area and trenching techniques, this method involves the spreading and compaction of the waste on a slope. The cover material is excavated directly in front of the working face then spread over it and compacted. The small excavation then becomes a part of 10 Earth cover obtained by excavation in trench Movable fence to catch blowing litter
the cell for the next day’s waste (Figure 8). Although this method is simple and practical, it is not commonly used since the liners and leachate collection systems must be in place prior to any waste disposal. lift cell Original ground or landfill liner Compacted solid waste A. Stakeholders’ Roles Daily earth cover (0.15m) cell Figure 8. Ramp Method IX. PLANNING FOR CLOSURE Decommissioning or closing an open dumpsite is not solely the role of local government units (LGUs) or the private operators of the dumpsites. It should be a coordinated effort that involves the participation of the national government, as well as the local community where the disposal site is located since they are the ones who are and will be directly affected by its existence. Table 2 shows a matrix of the main responsibilities of the various stakeholders. Table 2. Responsibilities of Stakeholders in Dumpsite Closure Stakeholder Responsibility/Concern Local Government Unit • Implement the actual closure of the open dumpsite • Coordinate with pertinent local and national entities to implement closure • Enact regulations/ordinances as necessary to implement closure • Implement other necessary activities/plans to facilitate and effect closure Public/Community • Participate in the planning for the closure of the open dumpsite • Participate in the monitoring of these open dumpsites after closure National Government • Through the waste management authority, formulate the necessary policies, standards, criteria and guidelines relative to closure of open dumpsites • Coordinate with pertinent local and national entities to implement closure of open dumpsites • Monitor (and may even supervise) the closure of these open 11 Excavation for earth cover
Page 2 and 3: Copyright @ United Nations Environm
Page 4 and 5: PREFACE Managing solid waste is one
Page 6 and 7: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The preparation of
Page 8 and 9: LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title of T
Page 10 and 11: XII ATTENDANT COSTS OF CLOSING A DI
Page 12 and 13: • become aware of the options, st
Page 14 and 15: Part 2: How to Shift from Open Dump
Page 16 and 17: • City Engineer’s Office (City
Page 18 and 19: abandonment of the affected groundw
Page 20 and 21: VIII. LAND DISPOSAL PRACTICES The d
Page 22 and 23: Note: the use of a tanker truck may
Page 26 and 27: dumpsites • Extend necessary tech
Page 28 and 29: C. Site Assessment/Investigation Be
Page 30 and 31: • Bioreactor Landfills X. ELEMENT
Page 32 and 33: 3. To intercept leachate movement b
Page 34 and 35: XI. POST-CLOSURE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Page 36 and 37: Settling can produce wide cracks in
Page 38 and 39: Generally, the more intensive the c
Page 40 and 41: 16 HOURS IV. DURATION V. TOPICS FOR
Page 42 and 43: B.1 Siting Requirements Except for
Page 44 and 45: Except for grading of the bottom of
Page 46 and 47: IX. UPGRADING FROM CONTROLLED DUMPI
Page 48 and 49: wastes (e.g. asbestos, batteries, t
Page 50 and 51: Soil Composition • The material u
Page 52 and 53: (b) Double-Liners Double-liners hav
Page 54 and 55: Table 5. Characteristics of Stabili
Page 56 and 57: Refuse C.7 Surface Drainage Facilit
Page 58 and 59: Size of clods (particle aggregation
Page 60 and 61: Cell height varies from landfill to
Page 62 and 63: E.7 Handling of Special wastes Prov
Page 64 and 65: speed is much greater than that of
Page 66 and 67: J. Permitting Requirements Permit r
Page 68 and 69: • Conduct public hearings frequen
Page 70 and 71: Required: 1. How much waste is bein
Page 72 and 73: Components/ Parameters Remarks [ ]
Page 74 and 75:
7.0 Photographs Take pictures of th
Page 76 and 77:
(1) Estimate the volume of waste fo
Page 78 and 79:
The backhoe will be used for: • e
Page 80 and 81:
1. The amount of waste produced dai
Page 82 and 83:
− in areas with a high water tabl
Page 84 and 85:
GLOSSARY Acetogenic phase It is the
Page 86 and 87:
geotextile may be placed on top of
Page 88 and 89:
Recycling Separating a given waste
Page 90 and 91:
Department of Environment and Natur
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