ExcAVATIONs

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Using quick-coupling devices improperly Aftermarket “quick-coupling” devices make it easy to change buckets or replace other attachments. However, a number of workers have been killed when the coupling devices have not been locked properly and the buckets have detached. Manufacturers of quick couplers recognized the hazard and newer devices have locks that prevent buckets from detaching unintentionally, but not all users may be aware of the problem. Retrofit locking pins are available for older equipment. • Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for using positive locks on quick-disconnect equipment. • Securely latch attachments such as quick-disconnect buckets before beginning work. • Make frequent visual inspections of quick-disconnect systems — especially after changing attachments. Using unsafe rigging methods to drag a trench shield Using an excavator to drag a shield through a trench can put tremendous forces on rigging components. For example, the force required to drag a 10,000-pound trench shield through a narrow trench will increase dramatically with resistance from the trench walls or from plowing of the front of the shield. Know the sling’s rated capacities and never exceed them. The whiplash effect of a broken or improperly rigged sling can kill anyone in its path. • Follow the instructions in the operator’s manual when using an excavator to lift or move an object. • “Lift and drag” to move a trench shield horizontally in a trench; avoid “plowing” with the front of the shield. Plowing significantly increases the tension on the slings. • Some manufacturers of trench shields warn workers to stay out of the “box” while it is being moved. Always check the manufacturers’ requirements. 24
• Never use damaged chains or frayed cables, slings, straps, or ropes. • Use an appropriate lifting shackle for attaching cables or slings. • Never stand in line with, or next to, a sling that is under tension. 25
Page 1 and 2: Exca v ations Safe practices for sm
Page 3 and 4: About this document Excavations - S
Page 5 and 6: Introduction A cave-in can trap you
Page 7 and 8: What is a trench? A trench is deepe
Page 9 and 10: The role of the competent person A
Page 11 and 12: Soil and stability Some soils are m
Page 13 and 14: Manual tests Manual testing involve
Page 15 and 16: What do benched slopes look like in
Page 17 and 18: What do shores and shields look lik
Page 19 and 20: Materials and mobile equipment Exca
Page 21 and 22: Water accumulation Water makes soil
Page 23: Where do I post the warning signs?
Page 27 and 28: Stability and adjacent structures M
Page 29 and 30: Safe practices checklist All your a
Page 31 and 32: 16. Underground installations are p
Page 33 and 34: 35. Appropriate sloping, shoring, o
Page 35 and 36: Registered professional engineer A
Page 37 and 38: Notes 37
Page 40: 440-2174 (4/09) OR-OSHA

ExcAVATIONs

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