A New Species of the Genus Psephellus - Ozean Publications

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Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences 2(1), 2009 Figure 4. SEM images of the achene of the Psephellus coruhensis. A: general shape. B: achene surface. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Psephellus coruhensis is between sect. Hyalinella (Tzvelev) Wagenitz & Hellwig and sect. Odontolophoidei (Tzvelev) Wagenitz & Hellwig. The species placed in sect. Hyalinella (Tzvelev) Wagenitz & Hellwig according to the diagnostic characters of which determined by Wagenitz (1975), Wagenitz & Hellwig (2000). The characters of the sect. Odontolophoidei (Tzvelev) Wagenitz & Hellwig similar with some morphological characters of sect. Hyalinella. It mainly differs from sect. Odontolophoidei because it has simple stem or with few branches (not several branches); leaves arachnoid and glabrescent above, densely appressed-tomentose below (not floccose or appressed tomentose); the lower pinnatisect to lyrate (not only lyrate); involucre 12–19 x 6–14 mm, ovoid (not 10–20 x 6–22 mm, ovoid to nearly globose); appendages denticulate or ciliate margin, not or very slightly decurrent (not only ciliate, not decurrent); pappus 5–8 mm, inner row short, scaly (not 1–4.5 mm, inner row short). The sect. Hyalinella has three species which are P. simplicicaulis (Boiss. & Huet) Wagenitz, P. bellus (Trautv.) Wagenitz, P. pecho (Albov) Wagenitz. These taxa are placed into this section from Turkey and Caucasus region (Wagenitz 1975, Wagenitz & Hellwig, 2000). The morphological characters of P. coruhensis are very similar with Hyalinella section, but the length and inner row of pappus are differentiated from section Hyalinella. P. coruhensis needs much more investigation and molecular studies to solve problem related with section. Psephellus coruhensis is closely related to P. simplicicaulis in sect. Hyalinella. It mainly differs from P. simplicicaulis because it has very rich branched stem (not simple stem), lateral segments of leaves 1–2, oblong to lanceolate (not with 1–4 pairs of elliptic to circular), terminal segment 2–8 mm wide (not 7–15 mm wide). In addition, it differs P. simplicicaulis from involucres 9–12 x 5–8 mm (not 14–19 x 9–14 mm), appendages small, 1.3–3 mm wide, margin distinctly 5–8 cilia and 0.8–1.3 mm long (not 2.5–5 mm, hyaline slightly toothed, teeth up to 0.5 mm), marginal florets radiant (not strongly radiant), pappus 1.5–2 mm (not 5–10 mm). P. simplicicaulis is very similar to P. pecho Albow which placed into same section Hyalinella (Table 1). 108
Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences 2(1), 2009 Table 1. A comparison diagnostic characters of Psephellus coruhensis with P. simplicicaulis Diagnostic characters Psephellus coruhensis Psephellus simplicicaulis Plant without sterile shoots with numerous sterile shoots Stem with remains of stems of the previous year without remains of the stems of the present, very rich branched previous year present, unbranched Basal leaves with 1–2 pairs of oblong to lanceolate 1–4 pairs of elliptic to circular lateral lateral segments and terminal segment 2–8 segments and terminal segment 7–15 mm wide mm wide Involucre 9–12 x 5–8 mm 14–19 x 9–14 mm Appendages 1.3–3 mm wide, margin distinctly 5–8 cilia 2.5–5 mm wide, margin hyaline slightly and 0.8–1.3 mm long toothed, teeth up to 0.5 mm long Marginal flowers slightly radiant strongly radiant Pappus 1.5–2 mm long and shorter than achene 5–10 mm long and longer than achene In sect. Odontolophoidei, Psephellus aucherianus (DC.) Boiss. is distinguished from P. coruhensis, by its stem with almost entirely leaves; leaves firm, floccose-tomentose; lower leaves lyrate with large lanceolate to rhomboid, mostly irregularly toothed terminal segment; involucre 10–14 x 6–11 mm, ovoid to nearly globose, appendage rather large concealing most of basal part of phyllaries, ovate to broadly rhomboid or triangular, with 7–10 cilia on each side. In addition, the general aspect of the new species is related to Centaurea dichroa Boiss. & Heldr. It mainly differs from Psephellus coruhensis because it has leaves white-tomentose or glabrescent (not distinctly bicoloured), involucre 4–6 mm wide oblong to cylindrical (not 5–8 mm wide, obovate to cup-shaped), appendages with cilia and 0.5–0.8 mm long (not 0.8–1.3 mm long), appendages decurrent (not decurrent), flowers without staminodes (not staminodes), corolla yellowish (not pink), anther-tube clearly pink to violet (yellow to slightly pink), inner row of pappus short (not ± equal). Both of these species grow in areas which have similar ecological conditions, and Centaurea dichroa distributed in Mediterranean phytogeographic region in Antalya and Muğla provinces, and Psephellus coruhensis occur in Mediterranean microclimate in Artvin province (Fig. 3). Key to closely related Psephellus species 1. Stem very rich branched, involucre 5–8 mm wide, appendages margin with cilia, pappus 1.5–2 mm and shorter than achene …………… …………………...….… …...….……...….……...….…P. coruhensis 1. Stem simple, involucre 9–14 mm wide, appendages margin with toothed, pappus 5–10 mm and longer than achene …………….………………….……………….... …...….……...….…….. P. simplicicaulis Biogeography: Palaeopalynological data show that Anatolia had a dense vegetation cover in the last interglacial period. The topography of Turkey has been changed many times, introducing many microclimates in tectonic valleys (Gemici, 1993). Psephellus coruhensis grow in areas distant from the Mediterranean phytogeographic region. There is a fairly very large area of Mediterranean vegetation in the Çoruh valley (Artvin) that is formed from vertical rocks, and the rivers pass through into the valley. Zohary (1973) considered that he traced vegetation patches all along the valley. As other hot and protected valley or eroded gorges, the Çoruh valley displaced patches of mixed vegetation made up of Euxinian and Mediterranean elements. In the last glacial period, some species from Mediterranean origin migrated into the tectonic valleys. These species in the last glacial period were prevented in these valleys on slopes, exposed to the south, from the effects of cold climate (Duran & Hamzaoğlu, 2002). The area is very rich endemic plants. Lately some new endemic species are described from the Çoruh Valley. These are Astragalus olurensis Podlech (Podlech, 2001), Astragalus khokhrjakovii Sytin & Podlech (Podlech & Sytin, 2002) and Ferula mervynii M.Sağıroğlu & H.Duman (Sağıroğlu & Duman, 2007). 109
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A New Species of the Genus Psephellus - Ozean Publications

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