Apple Production Manual, Roots of Peace, Nov. 2008

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11.7 Pruning bearing trees Source: F. Sandor (2008) Source: F. Sandor (2008) Typically, pruning takes place during the dormant period, but trees can be pruned in the summer as well. In fact summer time pruning is useful to treat specific problems or requirements such as thinning out fruits. When the fruit set is finished, the cluster must be thinned out immediately, which usually contains 3-5 fruits. First remove the central fruit (called king apple), because it is normally low quality and misshapen. Also remove all blemished and misshapen fruits. Main concepts for pruning a bearing tree: Upright branches are excessively vigorous and moderately fruitful, with the quality of fruit usually low. Branches growing from the underside of larger branches are shaded; therefore weak in vigor and producing low quality fruit. These branches should be removed. Source: F. Sandor (2008) Optimal branch position is close to horizontal Drooping branches that are low in vigor should be headed back to a lateral branch that is in a nearly horizontal position. Trees with high vigor produce many water shoots and upright shoots. The pruning concepts should be the following: Page 30 of 44
Source: F. Sandor (2008) Thinning out some upright growth Complete removal of vigorous shoots which grow from fruiting wood Heading back vigorous water sprouts to a horizontal branch that has moderate vigor Remove excessively vigorous shoots and leave one moderately vigorous shoot Improper pruning includes the heading back of all upright growth, heading back vigorous shoots to a very weak lateral and the removal of all fine wood. When the tree produces a profusion of fine wood near the end of the branches, the bearing wood should be thinned out evenly along the branch, allowing proper light exposure to all of the fruit. Spurs often need to be invigorated. The unfruitful spur has numerous, weak branches and weak small buds and should be headed back to a strong bud. While dead spurs should be removed completely. Source: Graphic-F. Sandor (2008), Photo-W. Cranshaw (2007) If the branches of two trees are overlapping, do not head back the overlapping parts of the branches, otherwise the tree will produce bushy growth under the headed area. Instead, make thinning cuts to remove some of the overlapping limbs. Summer pruning includes the following pruning cuts: Vigorous water sprouts should be removed entirely Undesirable, but fruitful upright shoots should be headed back just above the cluster of fruits (It will be removed during dormant pruning) Upturned branches should be headed back to a weak lateral Page 31 of 44
Page 1 and 2: APPLE PRODUCTION PERENNIAL CROP SUP
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction ..
Page 5 and 6: 3 Morphology Source: F. Sandor (200
Page 7 and 8: Order: Fruit pointed or longish Or
Page 9 and 10: Subsection: Pale or blushed, self c
Page 11 and 12: Commonly used planting distances of
Page 13 and 14: The applied phosphorus fertilizer s
Page 15 and 16: Low fruit load Mode of action Corre
Page 17 and 18: There are a number of pests which p
Page 19 and 20: 11.1 Root stock There are many prun
Page 21 and 22: stool beds of O.3 produce few salea
Page 23 and 24: considerable experience. Therefore
Page 25 and 26: 11.3 The growing habits of apple tr
Page 27 and 28: vertically from those of the first
Page 29: The pruning technique of the young
Page 33 and 34: 13 Apple Varieties Table 6: Apples
Page 35 and 36: Source: Apple pollination chart fro
Page 37 and 38: Species Variety Synonyms Origin Roo
Page 39 and 40: Species Variety Synonyms Origin Roo
Page 41 and 42: 14 References F. Gyuro: Fruit produ
Page 43 and 44: NOTES Page 43 of 44

Apple Production Manual, Roots of Peace, Nov. 2008

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