AM Papier/ENG/opmaak - Tate & Lyle

Paper and board

Paper and board
Next to cellulose and fillers, starch is
another vital component of quality
paper. Starch influences every step
of the paper making process, from
sheet formation to surface improvement.
Starches are also used in
most paper grades, whether it be
printing and writing paper, board or
corrugating base.
Starch is the most cost-efficient way
to increase paper dry strength,
improve surface condition, printability
and processability in further use.
By adding 1 to 2% cationic starch in
the wet end, strength can be
increased by as much as 15 to 20%.
Adding starch in size press can
result in up to 50 to 100% strength
increase while it improves paper
smoothness considerably. Ultimately,
starch binders reduce the total cost
of coating formulations.
The Amylum Group offers starches
for each application. Besides cerealbased
native starch, we also produce
modified starches, tailor-made
for each application and designed to
fulfill your requirements. In addition,
our R&D department is continuously
investigating the latest technologies,
in order to create state-of-the-art
solutions to new demands.
Now that have teamed up with A.E.
Staley (USA) as members of the Tate
& Lyle Group we can offer an even
more global approach as supplier of
native and modified starches for the
paper and board industry.
Information about A.E. Staley products
can be offered separately.

Starches for wet end
PRODUCT NAME RAW MATERIAL MODIFICATION
Mylbond 140 Maize Cationic (ds 0.023)
Mylbond 143 Maize Cationic (ds 0.043)
Mylbond 146 Maize Cationic (ds 0.030) / ASA
Mylbond 147 Maize Cationic (ds 0.030)
Mylbond 149 Maize Cationic (ds 0.043) / ASA
Mylbond 167 Maize Cationic (ds 0.070)
Starches for spraying
PRODUCT NAME RAW MATERIAL MODIFICATION
Amyzet 100 Maize Native
Amyzet 200 Wheat Native
Resistamyl 131 Maize Esterified
Starches for surface sizing and coating
PRODUCT NAME RAW MATERIAL MODIFICATION
Amyzet 100 Maize Native
Amyzet 120 Maize Native
Amyzet 150 Maize Native
Amyzet 200 Wheat Native
Mylbond 141 Maize Cationic (ds 0.016)
Mylbond 142 Maize Cationic (ds 0.016)
Mylbond 145 Maize Cationic (ds 0.016)
Mylbond 152 Maize Cationic (ds 0.016)
Collofilm 124 Maize Hydrolyzed / Esterified
Collofilm 140 Maize Hydrolyzed / Cationic (ds 0.016)
Collofilm 141 Maize Hydrolyzed / Cationic (ds 0.016)
Collofilm 142 Maize Hydrolyzed / Cationic (ds 0.016)
Specialty products for surface sizing and coating
PRODUCT NAME RAW MATERIAL MODIFICATION
Amyzet 262 Wheat Calibrated
Mylbond 211 Wheat Calibrated / Thermostable
Meritol 160 Sorbitol -

Starches for wet end
100
80
60
40
20
Starch retention
Retention (%)
0
4 6 8 10
Cationic starch
Native starch
Graph 2
pH

Product range
Mylbond 140, 143, 146,
147, 149, 167
Properties
The most important property of
cationic starch in wet end is that it
forms bridges between the cellulose
fibers. This results in a strong fiber
network and paper sheets with higher
tensile and burst strength
(see graph 1).
Properties of cationic starches
Filler retention
Mechanical properties
Fibre, filler, starch network
Thanks to the cationic groups the
starch, the anionic fibers and the
fines are retained more efficiently,
leading to lower organic load in
white water. This is particularly true
for papers with a high recycled fiber
content (graph 2).
Moreover, cationic starches improve
the retention of anionic pigments,
which enables higher filler levels
(graph 3). Cationic starches also
contribute to faster dewatering.
Graph 3
Cationic starch dosis
Graph 1
Mylbond 143 and 167 are best suited
for recycled based-based papers.
Their higher substitution degree
helps to neutralize the colloidal
anionic trash, leaving enough cationicity
to assist the bridging of cellulose.
Their proven performance in
various paper grades makes them
cost-efficient additives in wet end.
Mylbond 146 and 149 are especially
developed for emulsifying ASA sizing
chemicals.

Application
Cationic starches are best cooked in
an Amyjet C jet-cooker (120 to 125°C)
at a concentration of up to 10%,
stored at 3 to 4% and finally diluted
to working concentration
(0.5 to 1.5%).
Optimum application rates vary from
mill to mill and from grade to grade,
but are likely to be between 0.5 and
2.0% dry starch on dry fiber. The
starch application point will determine
paper properties: strength
improvement will be achieved by
dosing the starch as early as possible
(pulper or machine chest), while
retention and dewatering will be
improved by addition near the headbox.
In some cases a split addition is
advised.
To our present knowledge, all our
starches are fully compatible with
synthetic retention aids and other
wet end additives.
Service
The Amylum Group designs Amyjet
C cookers that are especially suited
to process cationic starches. The
design is fine-tuned to your particular
requirements of capacity and
concentration.
A team of specialists will assist you
in choosing the right starch, addition
level and addition point, by doing initial
surveys and measurements onsite.
Full assistance during the startup
period, as well as after-sales
service are readily available.

Starches for spraying
Product range
Amyzet 100, 200
Resistamyl 131
Properties
Starch spraying is an easy and costefficient
method to increase paper
strength and achieve proper interply
bond by spraying in between the
layers of multi-layered board.
Application
The most determining factors in
starch spraying are a uniform starch
distribution over the machine width
and total gelatinization in the first
drying section.
To guarantee an optimum result, the
Amylum Group advises the following:
• generally up to 5% starch on paper
• proper spray beam design (the
Amylum Group supplies spraying
units or can assist you to optimize
the existing beam)
• positioning of the spray beam near
the water line (depending on paper
quality or paper machine) or just
before the junction of two plies
(board machine)
• temperature of the first drying
cylinders should be sufficient to
fully gelatinize the starch granules
• paper entering the drying section
needs to have a sufficient moisture
level

800
600
400
200
0
BOD/COD of effluent water
ppm
BOD 5
COD
Native
starch
Oxidised
starch
Esterfied
starch
Cationic
starch
Starches for surface sizing
and coating
Product range
Graph 1
pH
Amyzet 100, 120, 150, 200
Mylbond 141, 142, 145, 152
Collofilm 124, 140, 141, 142
Properties
Amyzet native starches are the standard
products for size press application.
Once hydrolyzed, they can
penetrate into the paper sheet and
increase strength values by up to 50
to 100%.
Our product range is specially
designed to ensure optimum
enzyme conversion. After in-mill
hydrolysis and sizing of the paper,
they improve mechanical properties,
surface smoothness, printability and
they reduce dusting.
Cationic starches which are used in
size press (Mylbond 141, 142, 145
and 152, Collofilm 140, 141 and
142) will be retained in the sheet
when repulped, with up to 90%
reduction in BOD load of effluent
water, compared to non-cationic

starch (see graphs 1, 2 and 3). This
is particularly interesting for paper
grades generating a significant
amount of broke (like printing and
writing paper). The Amylum Group
can provide detailed technical information
about this subject.
Because of their unique charge
properties, cationic starches also
improve the printability of the paper,
even in ink-jet printing.
Mylbond 141, 142, 145 and 152
cationic starches need to be
hydrolyzed in-mill. Collofilm 140, 141
and 142 cationic starches are
hydrolyzed to as suitable viscosity
and stabilized in order to avoid
starch retrogradation. These starches
are a practical solution for paper
mills that are not equipped for in-mill
hydrolysis.
In coating applications, Amyzet
native starches are used as low-cost
viscosity and rheology modifiers.
After hydrolysis by enzymes or
chemicals they can be mixed undiluted
to the coating color.
Starch balance
Native starch: Amyzet 120 Graph 2
Head box Wire Paper sheet
100%
Starch balance
Cationic starch: Collofilm 140 Graph 3
Head box Wire Paper sheet
100%
White water
White water
76%
41%
24%
59%

Application
Whether the hydrolysis takes place
in the paper mill or in our plant, it is
of the utmost importance to guarantee
a constant viscosity and a narrow
molecular weight distribution.
Amyzet and Mylbond starches have
to be hydrolyzed in-mill by means of
enzymes or be thermochemically
converted to a DE (Dextrose
Equivalent) of 2 to 5, to compromise
between runnability, penetration in
the sheet, strength increase and surface
properties improvement. The
Amylum Group strongly advises the
use of Amyjet E continuous doublejet
cookers to hydrolyze these
starches. They ensure a narrow,
homogenous molecular weight,
10.000
1.000
100
10
100.000
10.000
1.000
1
90˚C 80˚C 70˚C 60˚C 50˚C 40˚C 30˚C
100
10
Cooling curves at 15% concentration,
Brookfield 100 rpm
mPa.s
Collofilm 124
Collofilm 140
Viscosity at 50°C,
Brookfield 100 rpm
mPa.s
Collofilm 141
Collofilm 142
Graph 4
1
10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Collofilm 124
Collofilm 140
Graph 5
Starch concentration (%)
Collofilm 141
Collofilm 142
resulting in better strength properties
and more even printability (IGT).
Collofilm starches are already
hydrolyzed to the most suitable DE
for size press and metered size
press applications. They can be
cooked (batch or jet) at up to 30%
concentration (see graphs 4 and 5).
The use of Collofilm 124 is limited to
applications at pH < 8.
Size press starches have to be diluted
to working concentration: up to
10% for conventional size press or
up to 15% for metered size press.
Service
Amylum installs its own designed
Amyjet E cookers for starch hydrolysis.
Around a central, concept based
on 3 modular frames, each cooker is
fine-tuned to the specific mill
requirements of capacity, DE and
concentration.
A team of specialists are at your disposal
for advice, start-up assistance,
monitoring of viscosity stability and
ensuring molecular weight regularity.

Specialty products
for surface sizing and coating
Product range
Amyzet 262
Mylbond 211
Meritol 160
Properties
Due to its spherical shape and its
typical granulometry, wheat starch is
particularly suited as stilt material for
CB coating.
Only the large fraction of wheat
starch acts as stilt. To improve the
starches’ performances, the Amylum
Group has developed calibrated
wheat starch, selecting only the 15
to 25µm fraction (photo 1).
As some modern coaters are running
at high speed, more heat is
applied to dry the paper. This can
cause starch swelling, eventually
resulting in a "pancake" effect, with
loss of stilt properties (photo 2).
To avoid this loss of performance
due to intense heating, the Amylum
Group has designed a thermostable
version of calibrated starch, Mylbond
211, which is unique in its heat
stability.
Calibrated wheat starch used as stilt
material does not absorb water in
Photo 1 Photo 2
the coating color, leaving viscosity
and rheology unaffected. Rheology,
water retention and binding properties
can be adjusted with the conventional
starches used in paper
coating.
Meritol 160, a selected sorbitol
grade, can be used in sizing or coating
formulations. It acts both as
plasticizer and moisture regulator in
fine paper grades.
Application
The calibrated starches mentioned
above are mixed as such in the
coating mix. Suggested dosing is
30p calibrated starch on 100p
microcapsules.

The Amylum Group operates modern sophisticated customer service centers.The latest analytical equipment and laboratory facilities are available for the Paper Industry.
tate &lyle
Amylum Group
Burchtstraat 10
B-9300 Aalst, Belgium
Telephone +32 (0)53 73 34 15
Fax +32 (0)53 73 30 68
www.amylumgroup.com
The information here is given merly as an indication. It is accurate to the b est of our present knowledge and does not take into
account eventual patents or rights of priority of third parties. In no way should it be considered a recommendation for imitation.