A Geographical Study Of Food Grain Cropping Pattern

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UNIVERSAL RESEARCH ANALYSIS Half yearly Research Journal RNI. MAHMUL 13/2/2010 ISSN 2229-4406 Vol. I , Issue :I I I, Sept. 2011 to Feb. 2012 understand regionalization of the areas of optimum landuse. (Shinde S D & eatil.) landuse studies are important as they are aimed to explained to explain the occurrence of different uses in different areas. Landuse in which human efforts are applied to the land recourses for the satisfaction of human needs. It is essential to understand the variation in the landuse as a human reaction to words the satisfaction of human wants. <strong>Study</strong> Region The present study deals with the geographical perspectives of the agriculture in Solapur district. The Solapur district is bounded by 17º05' North latitudes to 18º 32' North latitudes and 74º42' east to 76º15' East longitudes. The total geographical area of Solapur district is 14895 K.m². divided into eleven tahsils. Climate of the district is dry. The daily mean maximum temperature range between 30º C to 35º C and minimum temperature range between 18ºC to 21ºC. The highest temperature is 47º C recorded in the month of May. The average annual rainfall is registered 510 mm. The soil of the district essentially derived from the Deccan trap. The soil of the district can broadly classify into three groups shallow, medium and deep soil. Objectives The following are the aims and objectives of the present study. 1. To represent the agricultural landuse specially foodgrains, i.e., jowar, wheat, Maize, bajara and rice. 2. To study the impact of physical and nonphysical factors on agriculture. 3. For the study of spatio-temporal analysis of foodgrain crop in Solapur district. 4. To find out the problems and suggest some remedies. 5. To draw the conclusions regarding foodgrain cropping pattern in Solapur district. Research methodology Present study mostly relies on the secondary data collected through Agriculture Department and District statistical Department of Solapur and District socio-economic abstract of Solapur District. For the present investigation, District is selected as in general and tahsils in particular. The statistical and cartographic techqunices are used for repre- sentation of food grain cropping pattern. 6 2
Explanation UNIVERSAL RESEARCH ANALYSIS Half yearly Research Journal RNI. MAHMUL 13/2/2010 ISSN 2229-4406 Vol. I , Issue :I I I, Sept. 2011 to Feb. 2012 <strong>Food</strong> grains play a major role in the cropping of land under tillage in Solapur district. For only, under food grains can they produce enough to sustain the dense population in the study region. Moreover, food grain crops are relatively less demanding and less exacting in their soil moisture requirements than fiber crops. High percentages under food grain are noted in the western part of the district. Overall, the cereals and pulses domi- nate the agriculture land-use crop of the region. 1) Jowar Jowar is first in importance as a staple crop in Solapur district. Its botanical name is sorghum vulgare. Jowar is also known as great millet. Among all the food grains in the region, it is a staple food crop of the rural population. It is a first ranked crop. Jowar is a leading crop in the study region occupying about 60.45 percent (748200 hectares) in 1980-81, but it was 51.04 percent (482400 hectares) of the total cultivated area in 2004-05. It decreased by 9.41 percent in the investigated period because non-food grains replaced the jowar area. The main improved varieties grown in the region are C5H5,CH5,M35-1 and local kharif Jowar. Environmental Requirements :- Jowar is purely a tropical crop. The crop thrives well under the condition of high temperature requiring mean temperature of over 27º c and moderate rainfall between 350 mm to 900 mm. Jowar is grown on heavy and light alluvium to red ,medium black to deep black and even sandy soils. It is mostly cultivated in kharif as well as rabi season but in the study region, it is mainly cultivated in rabi season. Spatial Distribution :- Spatial distribution of jowar crop in the study region vary from tahsil to tahsil in the reference year 2004-05. The area under jowar crop was very high (74.94 percent) in Mangalwedha then followed by North Solapur(67.63 %), Sangola(63.68 %) and Mohol(60.71%). Below 30 percent, area under this crop is observed in Malshiras, Pandharpur and Karmala tahsils. The remaining tahasil has covered area between 30 to 60 percent under this crop of the net sown area. 6 3
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