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References: (1) McCaughy, Stuart A.. "The taste of sugars". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Vol. 32, April 10, 2008: 1024-1043 (2) Campbell, Mary K., and Shawn O. Farrell. Biochemistry 6th Edition. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, 2009. (3) "Sugar Science". Canadian Sugar Institute. April 2009. (4) Harper, A. (1999). "Defining the Essentiality of Nutrients." In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th edition, ed. M. E. Shills, et al. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins. http://www.faqs.org/nutrition/Met-Obe/Nutrients.html (5) diabetics – NIH http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/DM/pubs/statistics/index.htm (6) nutritional disease." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 18 May 2009 http://www.search.eb.com.proxy-um.researchport.umd.edu/eb/article-247890. (7) Food-Info.net, "Fructose Intolerance". Wageningen Univeristy. April 2009 . (8) "fructose." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 2008. Answers.com 09 May. 2009. http://www.answers.com/topic/fructose (9) "food additive." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 18 May 2009 09 May 2009. (13) DuBois, Grant E.. "Unraveling the biochemistry of sweet and umami tastes". PNAS September 2004 vol. 101 no 39: 13972-13973. (14) Xu, Hong. L. Staszewski, H.Tang, E. Adler, M. Zoller, and X. Li. "Different functional roles of T1R subunits in the heteromeric taste receptors". PNAS September 2004 vol. 101 no 39: 14258-14263. (15)“Human receptors for sweet and umami taste” Li, Staszewski, Hong Xu, Kyle Durick†, Mark Zoller, and Elliot Adler PNAS April 2, 2002 vol. 99 no. 7 4692-4696 http://www.pnas.org/content/99/7/4692.abstract#aff-1
(16) Cui, Meng. "The Heterodimeric Sweet Taste Receptor has Multiple Potential Ligand Binding Sites". Current Pharmaceutical Design December 2006, Vol.12 Issue 35: 4591-4600. (17) Palmer, R. Kyle. "The Pharmacology and Signaling of Bitter, Sweet, and Umami Taste Sensing". Molecular Interventions 7:2007: 87-98. http://molinterv.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/7/2/87#F2 (18) Food and Drug Administration, "Artificial Sweeteners: No Calories...Sweet!". FDA Consumer Magazine July-August 2006: http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2006/406_sweeteners.html. (19) US Government, "FDA Milestons". Food and Drug Administration. May 2009 http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2006/106_milestones.html (20) CFSAN, Office of Food Additive Safety. "Food Additive Status List". Food and Drug Administration. March 10, 2009. http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/opa-appa.html#ftnA . (21)“saccharin”. Encyclopædia Brittanica. 2009. Encyclopædia Brittanica Online. 20 April 2009 (22) Oser, B.L.. "Highlights in the History of Saccharin Toxicology". Food Chemical Toxicology April-May 1985 (23:4-5): 535-542 (23) History of Saccharin, 24 April 2009. http://www.saccharin.org/history.html (24) "aspartame." How Products are Made. The Gale Group, Inc, 2002. Answers.com 13 Apr. 2009. http://www.answers.com/topic/aspartame (25) Hodgin, Greg. "The History, Synthesis, Metabolism, and Uses of Artificial Sweeteners." http://monsanto.unveiled.info/products/aspartme.htm (26) Stegink, Lewis D., and Filer Lloyd J.. Aspartame: Physiology and Biochemistry. New York City: CRC Press, 1984. http://books.google.com/books?id=yTH1iI9ybl4C&printsec=frontcover (27) “Acesulfame K.” O'Brien Nabors, Lyn, Gert-Wolfhard von Ryman Lipinkski, and Lisa Y. Hanger. Alternative Sweeteners. New York City: CRC Press, 2001. (28) International Food Information Council, "Acesulfame K". IFIC Foundation. May 2009 http://www.ific.org/publications/brochures/acekbroch.cfm (29) Food and Drug Administration, "Sugar Substitutes: Americans Opt for Sweetness and Lite” FDA Consumer Magazine November-December 1999; Rev.Dec 2004/Feb 2006 (30) Grice, H.C.. "Sucralose - An Overview of the Toxicity Data". Food Chemical Toxicology 2000: Supplement 1-6. (31) Selim, Jocelyn. “Hitting the Sweet Spot.” Discover 26.8 (August 2005): 18-19.
Page 1 and 2: ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS: THEIR ORIGIN
Page 3 and 4: SUCROSE TO GLUCOSE FOR ENERGY: Gylc
Page 5 and 6: This translates not only in an incr
Page 7 and 8: same receptors that molecules of ar
Page 9 and 10: Act, under Sections 401 (Food Stand
Page 11 and 12: sweeter that sucrose. In 1980 it wa
Page 13 and 14: Acesulfame is not metabolized or st
Page 15 and 16: Figure 11. Metabolic (de-esterficat
Page 17 and 18: into the intestines. This increase
Page 19 and 20: hydrolyze to yield the aglycone ste
Page 21: level of desired sweetness. Product

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