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INTRODUCTION * Sara ARBER Center for Research on Ageing and Gender (CRAG) Department of Sociology, University of Surrey Guildford, United Kingdom Myriam KHLAT Unité de recherches “Mortalité, santé, épidémiologie” Institut National d’Études Démographiques, Paris, France On January 20-22, 2000, the Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography (<strong>CICRED</strong>) convened a seminar in Tunis on the “Social and Economic Patterning of Health among Women”. Inequalities in women’s health has been a neglected research topic both in developed and developing countries, and the seminar addressed both current substantive research and on theoretical and policy issues. This volume assembles most of the contributions to this meeting, which was organized in collaboration with the National Office of Family and Population (ONFP) in Tunisia and with financial support from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Of the eighteen pa- ———— * This paper is a slightly revised version of “Introduction to ‘Social and economic patterning of women’s health in a changing world’”, Social Science and Medicine, vol. 54 (2002), no. 5, p. 643-647.
8 S. ARBER – M. KHLAT pers, twelve have already been published together as a special issue of the periodical Social Science and Medicine (Volume 54, Number 5, March 2002), and each of the papers is included in this volume in its original language (3 in French, 15 in English). The contributions are international in scope, drawn from a range of countries, and multi-disciplinary in origin, including papers from geographers, sociologists, social psychologists, demographers and epidemiologists. Until the late 1980s, most research focused on inequalities in men’s mortality and morbidity according to occupational class, with less attention paid to inequalities in health among women (Townsend and Davidson, 1982; Drever and Whitehead, 1997). Since then research has examined whether structural factors, such as social class and material disadvantage, are associated in a similar way with women’s and men’s health (Arber 1991, 1997; Arber and Cooper, 2000; Bartley et al., 1992; Macran et al., 1994, 1996; Lahelma and Rahkonen, 1997). These researchers have stressed the importance of examining women’s health, both in terms of their structural position within society and their family roles. Within the broad tradition of research on inequalities in health, occupation-based social position has been the prominent factor related to the health of men, whereas for women, a role framework, relating to women’s marital and parental role, as well as to their participation in paid employment, has been dominant. The papers in this volume integrate these two approaches, and consider the impact of multiple roles on women’s health, and how this varies according to women’s class position and their financial and material resources. A particular concern is how poverty, disdvantaged paid work and roles in unpaid work influence women’s health. For example, women who live alone or as a lone parent may be vulnerable to living in poverty and have particularly poor health. It is also important to understand how women’s earlier biography, in terms of their role in reproduction and production, impacts on their health later in the life course, and to what extent patterns of women’s health vary across the life course, since different generations of women may have grown up in very different social and economic circumstances. During this century there have been radical changes in actual and expected gender roles, especially for women. We may therefore expect the nature of inequalities in health for men and women to vary over time within any one society, as well as to vary among societies. Women
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Page 4 and 5: 4 CONTENTS / SOMMAIRE Multiple role
Page 8 and 9: INTRODUCTION have entered the paid
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Page 12 and 13: INTRODUCTION similar material circu
Page 14 and 15: INTRODUCTION References ANNANDALE,
Page 16 and 17: INTRODUCTION * Sara ARBER Center fo
Page 18 and 19: INTRODUCTION Le vingtième siècle
Page 20 and 21: INTRODUCTION la cohabitation, ces d
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Page 46 and 47: 48 N. E. MOSS Bassett and Mhloyi (1
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58 K. HUNT ures of GRO and health.
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60 2. The emergence of a concern ab
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62 K. HUNT questions about sex diff
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64 K. HUNT ployment such as the Equ
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66 K. HUNT their teens in the late
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68 K. HUNT Glasgow in the West of S
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70 K. HUNT value and either feminin
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72 K. HUNT known to affect health a
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Some equality in marriage is a good
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76 Table 3 Material conditions earl
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78 Table 5 Paired t-tests between w
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80 K. HUNT pression and anxiety sco
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82 K. HUNT scores are related to sm
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84 K. HUNT ideologies and structure
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86 K. HUNT GRAHAM, H. (2000), “So
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88 K. HUNT WYKE, S., HUNT, K., and
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90 V. WALTERS - P. MCDONOUGH - L. S
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98 3.2. Measures V. WALTERS - P. MC
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100 V. WALTERS - P. MCDONOUGH - L.
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Abstract WOMEN’S HEALTH STATUS IN
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WOMEN’S HEALTH STATUS IN POLAND
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INEGALITES SOCIALES DE MORBIDITE PE
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176 E. LAHELMA - S. ARBER - K. KIVE
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200 References E. LAHELMA - S. ARBE
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204 Résumé T. FOKKEMA Cette commu
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206 T. FOKKEMA to-day childcare is
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208 T. FOKKEMA ments can be put for
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210 T. FOKKEMA Besides the number o
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212 T. FOKKEMA education later in l
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214 T. FOKKEMA ences in state of he
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216 4.3. Combining work and childre
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Figure 2 Health differences among m
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average state of health Figure 4 He
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222 T. FOKKEMA working week in part
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224 T. FOKKEMA bination will have a
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226 T. FOKKEMA MARCUS, A. C., and S
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VIOLENCES ENVERS LES FEMMES ET EFFE
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Les enquêtes nationales quantitati
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268 P. MCDONOUGH - V. WALTERS - L.
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270 2. Social roles and health P. M
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Table 2 Mean a chronic stress measu
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298 J. M. GRIFFIN - R. FUHRER - S.
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Table 4 Gender-specific effects of
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Table 6 Gender- and grade-specific
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326 Acknowledgements J. M. GRIFFIN
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332 S. MATTHEWS - C. POWER Whilst,
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334 S. MATTHEWS - C. POWER Within w
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336 2. Methods 2.1. Sample S. MATTH
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338 2.2.2. Work characteristics S.
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340 S. MATTHEWS - C. POWER (OR) and
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Table 1 Associations (odds ratios)
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348 S. MATTHEWS - C. POWER Table 3
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350 S. MATTHEWS - C. POWER A second
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356 S. MATTHEWS - C. POWER ROMANS-C
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358 A. HENRY-LEE - W. BAILEY - C. B
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376 R. FUHRER - S. A. STANSFELD mos
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378 R. FUHRER - S. A. STANSFELD and
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380 R. FUHRER - S. A. STANSFELD dir
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384 R. FUHRER - S. A. STANSFELD clo
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386 R. FUHRER - S. A. STANSFELD Fig
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388 2.4. Health outcomes 2.4.1. Phy
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Table 1 Sociodemographic, physical
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396 R. FUHRER - S. A. STANSFELD For
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402 Introduction R. FUHRER - S. A.
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404 R. FUHRER - S. A. STANSFELD FUH
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OFFRE DE SOINS, RECOURS AUX SOINS E
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472 J. SUNDBY Résumé L’auteur e
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474 J. SUNDBY ones. The biological
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476 J. SUNDBY over 150 per 1000 bir
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478 J. SUNDBY be factors that make
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480 J. SUNDBY promise between riski
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482 J. SUNDBY but very few cases of
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484 J. SUNDBY from the wages of the
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486 J. SUNDBY gendered understandin
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488 J. SUNDBY Health in Norway, Nor
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490 D. M. STROBINO - H. GRASON - C.
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508 References D. M. STROBINO - H.
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