A Supplemental HCVF Assessment on the Sumatran Tiger ...

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FINAL REPORT Tiger <strong>HCVF</strong> <strong>Supplemental</strong> <strong>Assessment</strong> – Serapung FMU 7 Overview • The Sumatran tiger is critically endangered and threatened with extinction due to restricted and increasingly fragmented habitat, and poaching across its range. • PSF is an important component of the remaining habitat available for the Sumatran tiger. The Siak-Pelalawan forest block represents one the largest areas of contiguous lowland forest in Sumatra. • The results of this study suggest that PSF in the Siak-Pelalawan forest, as tiger habitat, is at least equivalent to other lowland forest types. The results of this study support the assumption that all areas of the remaining natural forest within this block, including that within the FMU, form part of a very significant tiger population whose loss would significantly impact on the overall viability of the sub-species. • Large sections of the PSF within the Siak-Pelalawan forest will be converted to acacia and oil-palm plantations in the next few years. Given the past trends of converting logging concessions into industrial timber plantations it appears likely that only designated conservation areas will remain in the future. At present only a few poorly protected, spatially separated, protected areas exist within this forest block in isolation - insufficient to maintain a viable tiger population in the long-term. • <strong>HCVF</strong> analysis, which can be carried out at a landscape or FMU-level, is a systematic process to identify forests that have biological, physical, and/or sociological values This study was commissioned as a supplement to an FMU level <strong>HCVF</strong> assessment. However, as the Sumatran tiger is a wide-ranging, “coarsegrained” species, living at low densities over large areas, it was found essential to conduct a preliminary landscape level <strong>HCVF</strong> analysis in order to provide a context for <strong>HCVF</strong> decisions at the FMU level. • The preliminary landscape-level analysis found that there was a strong justification for development of a conservation area network of protected and production forests in order to ensure survival of the tiger in the Siak-Pelalawan forest block. However, a further landscape level assessment is a necessary pre-cursor in this process. • The FMU-level analysis could not provide a definitive answer as to whether the moratorium area within the FMU should be classified as <strong>HCVF</strong>, primarily due to the uncertainty of future land-use within the greater Siak-Pelalawan block and the forested areas immediately adjacent to the FMU. However, it is recommended that the SmartWood recommended logging moratorium remain in place until such time that a comprehensive landscape-level assessment has been conducted, and a multi-stakeholder declaration of intent made in relation to the creation of a conservation area network in the wider Siak-Pelalawan block. • The moratorium area represents only a fraction of the remaining available habitat in the landscape, and is not critical for overall landscape connectivity. As such the moratorium area is unlikely to represent a significant contribution to the viability of a tiger population in a future landscape-level conservation network. However, in the absence of certainty regarding the future condition of the Siak-Pelalawan block, all habitat components of the current landscape should be considered, for the timebeing, to provide potentially critical contributions to future tiger survival. • Ultimately, a tiger-related <strong>HCVF</strong> in the Serapung FMU should be delineated with reference to the likely habitat scenarios of the future landscape. Decisions made in reference to this tiger <strong>HCVF</strong> will set a precedent for environmentally responsible production forestry, for the application of <strong>HCVF</strong> analysis to wide-ranging, critically endangered species, and for the future of wild tigers in both the Siak-Pelalawan forest block and in other industrial forestry dominated landscapes across Sumatra. Sumatran Tiger Conservation Program Pg 60/68
FINAL REPORT Tiger <strong>HCVF</strong> <strong>Supplemental</strong> <strong>Assessment</strong> – Serapung FMU 8 Bibliography Bennett, E. Dahaban, Z. (1995) Wildlife responses to disturbances in Sarawak and their implications for forest management. Ecology, Conservation, and Management of South Asian Rainforests (eds. R. Primack, T. Lovejoy) pp. 66-86. Yale University Press, New Haven and London. Brook, B. O’Grady, J. Chapman, A. Burgman, M. Akcakaya, R. & Frankham, R. (2000) Predictive accuracy of population viability analysis in conservation biology. Nature. 404 385-387 Carbone, C., Christie, S., Conforti, K., Coulson, T., Franklin, N., Ginsberg, J. R., Griffiths, M., Holden, J., Kawanishi, K., Kinnaird, M., Laidlaw, R., Lynam, A., Macdonald, D. W., Martyr, D., McDougal, C., Nath, L., O’Brien, T., Seidensticker, J., Smith, D. J. L., Sunquist, M., Tilson, R. & Wan Shahruddin, W. N. (2001) The use of photographic rates to estimate densities of tigers and other cryptic mammals. Animal Conservation 4, 75-79. Collins, M., Sayer, J. A. & Whitmore, T. C. (ed.) (1991) The conservation atlas of tropical forests: Asia and the Pacific. New York: Simon and Schuster. Coulson, T. Mace, G. Hudson, E. & Possingham, H. (2001) The use and abuse of population viability analysis. TRENDS in Ecology & Evolution. 16 (5) 220-221 Crnokrak, P. & Roff, D. A. 1999 Inbreeding depression in the wild. Heredity 83 260-270. Cutler, T. L. & Swann, D. E. (1999) Using remote photography in wildlife ecology: A review. Wildlife Society Bulletin 27 571-581. Davies,G. & Payne, J. (1982) A faunal survey of Sabah. WWF Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Decker, K. J. & Chase, L. C. (1997) Human dimensions of living with wildlife – a management challenge for the 21st century. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25 788-795. Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E., Robinson, J., Karanth, U. K., Rabinowitz, A., Olson, D., Mathew, T., Hedao, P., Connor, M., Hemley, G. & Bolze, D. (1997) A framework for identifying high priority areas and actions for the conservation of tigers in the wild. Part 1. World Wildlife Fund-US and Wildlife Conservation Society, Washington DC. Ellis, S. & Seal, U. S. 1995 Tools of the trade to aid decision making for species’ survival. Biodiversity Conservation 4 553-572. Fahrig, L. & Merriam, G. 1994 Conservation of fragmented populations. Conservation Biology 8 50-59. Faust, T. & Tilson, R. L. (1994) Estimating how many tigers are in Sumatra: A beginning. In Sumatran tiger population and habitat viability analysis report (ed. R. L. Tilson, K. Soemarna, W. Ramono, S. Lusli, K. Traylor-Holzer, & U. S. Seal), pp. 11-38. Apple Valley, Minnesota: Indonesian Directorate of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation and IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group. Fearnside, P. (1997) Transmigration in Indonesia: Lessons from its environmental and social impacts. Environmental Management 21 553-570. Forester, D. J. & Machlis, G. E. (1996) Modeling human factors that affect the loss of biodiversity. Conservation Biology 10 1253-1263. Foresman, K. & Pearson, D. E. (1998) Comparison of proposed survey procedures for detection of forest carnivores. Journal of Wildlife Management 62 1217-1226. Franklin, N. (2002) Conservation biology of the Sumatran tiger in Way Kambas National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia. PhD. Thesis, University of York, UK. Sumatran Tiger Conservation Program Pg 61/68
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