The First Civilizations - Baby's First Year

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Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Name Date Class CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS ACTIVITY 1 Making Comparisons Social Studies Objective: Analyze information by comparing and contrasting. Learning the Skill When you make a comparison, you look at two or more things and determine how they are alike and how they are different. You may make comparisons between peoples or cultures, events or situations, or documents. Making comparisons allows you to make more informed judgments. When making a comparison, follow the steps listed below. •First decide which items will be compared. • Then decide which characteristics can be used to make a comparison. •Finally, identify similarities and differences among those characteristics. Practicing the Skill Directions: Analyze the information in the chart below. Then answer the questions that follow. Ancient Communities Çatal Hüyük Babylon Time period settled around 6700 B.C. around 1800 B.C. Location (modern-day) Turkey Iraq Approximate population more than 6,000 up to 50,000 Crops grown peas, lentils, wheat wheat, barley, peas, lentils, chickpeas 1. What items are being compared in the chart? 2. What characteristics are being used to compare them? 3. Which community was settled first? When? 4. Which community had a larger population? 5. Compare the crops grown by the two communities. How are they alike and how are they different? 6. Why do you think Babylon was able to support a much larger population than Çatal Hüyük? 9 CHAPTER 1
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Name Date Class GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY ACTIVITY 1 Two Rivers in Mesopotamia In the area of the Middle East that is today known as Iraq, there are two rivers called the Euphrates and the Tigris. They flow southward across the desert. For most of their length, the two rivers parallel each other. Then they join and empty into the Persian Gulf. In ancient times, the land between them was called Mesopotamia. This name comes from the Greek words mesos meaning “middle” and potamos meaning “river.” Mesopotamia literally means “land between the rivers.” The region was at the eastern end of an area of good farmland known as the Fertile Crescent (see map below). The waters of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers helped one of the world’s earliest civilizations to grow—the Sumerians. The people who lived in the region, known as Sumer, used the water for drinking and growing crops. The rivers were also used for transportation. Some of the earliest sailboats ever built carried people and goods up and down the rivers. Flood Control and Irrigation In the spring, the Tigris and Euphrates would flood. The ancient Sumerians learned how to control these floodwaters. They built earthen mounds called levees on both sides of the rivers. The Sumerians also learned how to channel the rivers’ waters into fields where crops were grown—one of the world’s first known examples of irrigation. The mineral-rich soil helped these early farmers to grow enough crops to feed the people. Wheat, barley, sesame, and other fruits and vegetables were the primary food crops. The farmers also grew flax, which was woven into clothes. ASIA MINOR SSeeaa Sea Mediterranean MMeeddiitteerrrraanneeaan n The Fertile Crescent Jordan R. Jerusalem Dead Sea KEY Fertile Crescent 0 0 SYRIA Euphrates R. 100 kilometers N W E S SYRIAN DESERT 200 miles Babylon Babylon Tigris R. Uruk Uruk SSUUMMERR SUMER Eridu Uruk CHALDEA IRAN ZAGROS MTS. Ur Ur Caspian Caspian Sea Sea Persian Persian Gulf Gulf 11 CHAPTER 1
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