Properties of Cryogenic Fluids - nptel

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Liquefaction Hydrogen • During liquefaction, the heat of conversion causes evaporation of 70% of hydrogen originally liquefied. • This is an important constraint in liquefaction and storage of H 2. Prof. M D Atrey, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Bombay 12
Mass Mass fraction remaining in in O-P O conversion progress 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 Initial Ortho Concentration % Hydrogen 60 40 20 50 30 10 100 1000 Storage time, h • Figure showing the fraction of liquid H2 evaporated due to Ortho to Para conversion with storage time. • Hence, liquefaction of hydrogen should ensure complete conversion. Prof. M D Atrey, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Bombay 13
Page 1 and 2: 3 1
Page 3 and 4: Outline of the Lecture • Hydrogen
Page 5 and 6: T - s diagram of Hydrogen T - s cha
Page 7 and 8: Hydrogen Hydrogen • The relative
Page 9 and 10: Ortho & Para Hydrogen Ortho - Hydro
Page 11: Hydrogen • Para form is a low ene
Page 15 and 16: • As temperature decreases, Para
Page 17 and 18: Helium Helium • Evidence of Heliu
Page 19 and 20: Critical Pt. 2.27 atm, 5.25 K 1 atm
Page 21 and 22: Helium Helium • The percentage of
Page 23 and 24: Pressure Helium Phase Diagram Solid
Page 29 and 30: First Order Phase Transition • Th
Page 31 and 32: Specific heat, kJ/kg-K kJ/kg 2 0 1
Page 33 and 34: ρ n or ρ 1 0.6 ρ s 0.8 0.4 0.2 S
Page 35 and 36: Super fluid Helium • Also, heat t
Page 37 and 38: Information Kaptiza was awarded Nob
Page 39 and 40: Self Assessment 1. Boiling point of
Page 41 and 42: 1. 20.3 K Answers 2. Hydrogen, Deut

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