Fungi Fimicoli Italici - Mycosphere-online journal

Table 40 Records from Italy of coprophilous
Lophotrichus on different dung types (n° of
dung samples in damp chamber cultures, in
square brackets)*°.
sheep
[51]
L. bartlettii 1 (2%)
° Records from dung in the natural state, in normal type.
Records from dung in damp chambers and frequency
(%), in bold type.
Table 41 Records from Italy of coprophilous
Pithoascus on different dung types (n° of dung
samples in damp chamber cultures, in square
brackets)*°.
pig
[5]
P. intermedius 1 (20%)
° Records from dung in the natural state, in normal type.
Records from dung in damp chambers and frequency
(%), in bold type.
Table 42 Records from Italy of coprophilous
Sphaeronaemella on different dung types (n° of
dung samples in damp chamber cultures, in
square brackets)°.
sheep
[51]
S. fimicola 2 (4%)
° Records from dung in the natural state, in normal type.
Records from dung in damp chambers and frequency
(%), in bold type
C. cephalothecoides is quite common in
Italy, particularly on polecat and goat dung. It
is less frequent elsewhere, and recorded from
mouse (Malloch & Benny 1973) and sheep
dung (Valldosera & Guarro 1992, Moyne &
Petit 2006).
Chaetomium Kunze (Table 44)
The genus Chaetomium is not obligetorely
coprophilous, and non-coprophilous
collections show a wide substrate tolerance,
like those from dung. It is quite frequent in my
damp chamber cultures (8% of records),
exceeded only by Podospora (14%), Ascobolus
(10%), Saccobolus (9%), and Schizothecium
(9%), and it has the highest frequency on wild
pig and leporine dung.
C. bostrychodes is the most frequent in
Italy (47% of all Chaetomium records from
364
damp chambers), and it particularly occurs on
wild pig, hedgehog, rabbit, and bird dung. It is
very common elsewhere, and I have found a lot
of records from dung, particularly from leporine
(36%) (Marchal 1884a, Tóth 1963, Dennis
1986, Valldosera 1991, Malaval 2004, Favre
2008, Richardson 2008b), also from carnivore
(9%) (Mouton 1886, Bainier 1909, Palliser
1910, Stratton 1921, Meyer 1941).
Also C. globosum and C. murorum are
fairly common on a variety of dungs in Italy.
Both are widespread worldwide and have a
wide substrate tolerance. Coprophilous collections
of C. globosum have been recorded also
from carnivore dung (4% of records found by
me) (Skolko & Groves 1953, Seth 1970), especially
from leporine (16%) (Udagawa 1960,
Calviello 1971, Roy 1971, Lorenzo 1993),
cervine (15%) (Tóth 1965, 1967, Caretta &
Piontelli 1996, Cruys & Ericson 2008, Piasai &
Manoch 2009), and bovine (14%) (Ahmed et
al. 1971, Jeamjitt et al. 2007) dung.
C. murorum has been recorded from a
variety of dungs, carnivore included (6% of all
records worldwide) (Karsten 1888, Skolko &
Groves 1953, Ames 1963, Hubálek 1974), but I
have found that it has a slight preference (19%
of records) for leporine droppings (Mirza &
Nasir 1968, Seth 1968, Piontelli et al. 2006,
Favre 2008).
Sordariomycetes – Sordariomycetidae –
Sordariales – Lasiosphaeriaceae
Arnium Nitschke ex G. Winter (Table 45)
The genus Arnium has a slow development
on dung in damp chambers, and its
frequency of occurrence has possibly been
underestimated by me, as it often grows semi-
to almost fully immersed. Leaving out its
frequency on pig dung (few samples incubated),
it prefers bovine and cervine dung in
Italy. A. arizonense is the commonest species,
with the higest occurrence on bovine dung,
while the less common A. cervinum has been
isolated from cervine dung exclusively.
A. arizonense is widespread worldwide,
and there are many records (28%) from bovine
dung (Lundqvist 1972, Rattan & El-Buni 1980,
Lorenzo & Havrylenko 2001), but also many
(27%) from ovine (Valldosera 1991,
Richardson 2008a,b), while the seven, mostly