SYSTEM BUILD CUBOID WITH WOOD 04 FRAME CONSTRUCTION

LECTURE HANDOUT 1.4
SYSTEM
BUILD CUBOID WITH WOOD 04
FRAME CONSTRUCTION

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SYSTEM
Build Cuboid With Wood 04
Freedom Interference
Restriction Confinement
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
PLATFORM FRAME
CONSTRUCTION PANEL CONSTRUCTION
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Rigid joint
Diagonal bracing
LOG CONSTRUCTION
Triangular joint
Dense elements
Stabilization Types
Rigid Infill
Stressed skin
TIMBER FRAME
CONSTRUCTION
TIMBER STUD CONSTRUCTION
(BALOON FRAME CONSTRUCTION)
FRAME CONSTRUCTION

CHARACTER
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
The consistency of the materials used for the
vertical and horizontal linear members and the
form of the joints determine the spans that can
be achieved and the architectural appearance
of the load-bearing construction.
*Frame construction is distinguished from
other forms of timber construction by the fact
that the load-bearing structure functions
completely independently of the enclosing
elements in such as partition partitions or
facades (glazing is conceivable).
This specialization of the elements leads to
good flexibility the internal layout and
design of the facades, and enables longer
spans.
LOG SOLID HARDWOOD SECTION SOLID SOFTWOOD SECTION
TRIO BEAM GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER STRUCTURAL VENEER LUMBE
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FRAME CONSTRUCTION
Vertical columns and joint horizontally joist
floors (“the beams”) or “plates” form the
load-bearing structure.
Besides solid timber, glued laminated
timber and other glued structural elements
are available these days.
The joints usually employ mechanical
fasteners such as gusset plates (sheet metal
plates) and dowels.
True wood joints are hardly ever used in
frame construction.
Stability is achieved through the inclusion of
diagonal ties and struts, or wall plates, or
solid cores that extends through all stories.
MATERIAL
JOINT AND GEOMETRY

JOINT TYPES AND MECHANICAL FASTENERS
1. Primary beams on columns
2. Secondary beams on primary beams
3. Single-storey structures
JOINT 02
Continuous columns, primary and secondary beams;
Primary and secondary beams in pairs
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JOINT 01
Continuous beam
Cantilevers possible in both beam directions.
1. Primary beams attached to column sides
2. Secondary beams laid on top
3. Two or multi-storey structures

Cantilevers possible in both beam directions.
1. Primary beams attached to column sides
2. Secondary beams laid on top
3. Two or multi-storey structures
4. Columns in pairs
JOINT 04
Continuous columns,
primary and secondary beams at same level
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JOINT 03
Continuous columns, primary and secondary beams;
Columns and secondary beams in pairs
Cantilevers possible in both beam directions.
1. Primary beam fixed to side of column
2. Secondary beam fixed to side of main beam
3. Two or multi-storey structures

Cantilevers not possible
Uniform loading on primary beams by alternating
direction of secondary beams
Maison aux Mathes
Le Corbusier / 1935
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BUILT EXAMPLES
JOINT 01
JOINT 02

Youth Hostel / Cieux
Roland Schweitzer / 1970
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JOINT 03

Eero Saarinen / John Deere Headquarters / 1964 /
(Cor-Ten Steel)
( METAL ) FRAME CONSTRUCTION
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STRUCTURAL CONCERNS
IN GENERAL
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WHERE IS LONGER SPAN and HOW LONG IS IT?
Only 3-4.5 M or Larger Than 6m
Normal material supply and empirical skill can solve the
problem, or
Special material supply and scientific calculation will
guarantee the safety ?

TWO-WAY or ONE-WAY SYSTEM?
Plan Proportion of 2:3 Critical point
BEAM SECTION PROPORTION?
Optimized Proportion: Height to Width = 3:2
ADJUST BEAM SPACING
According To The Load Above And Beam Capacity
and Space Effect Underneath
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SIMPLE-SUPPORTED or CANTILEVER?
Beam Height To Span Ratio: >=1/10-1/15 (S.S.) >=1/6 (C.)
MORE CONNECTIONS REDUCE THE MAJOR BENDING
SPATIAL CONCERNS
IN GENERAL

TO EXPOSE BEAM, OR
TO HIDE BEAM?
THEIR SPATIAL MEANINGS:
Barcelona Pavillion, Mies Van der Rohe
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Domino System
Le Corbusier / 1935
Offices of the Regional Direction of Agriculture and Forests
Ch’lons-sur-Marne / France.
Roland Schweitzer / 1985-90.
Super Structure
& Its Problem

Nordic Pavilion at the Venice Biennale
Venice / Italy
Sverre Fehn / 1962
Exaggeration:
Slab-form column
Brutal primary beam
Dense, elegant secondary beam
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Exaggeration of
column-beam system
Load bearing component transformed into spatial elements.
primary beam: frame of scene and views
secondary beams: light filter, or sun screen

WHAT IS INFILL MATERIAL? Light or Heavy?
WHAT IS INFILL MATERIAL? Transparent or Opaque?
WHERE TO LOCATE THE INFILL MATERIAL?
Stone Use
Onyx
Travertine
Marble
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1 Detached: outward
2 Flushed: outside
3 Center Position
4 Alignment: inside
5 Detached: inward
transparent Opaque translucent
Glass Use
A B C D
C
B
D
A
A. Dark green (transparent)
B. Gray (transparent)
C. Etching effect (opaque)
D. No color (Transparent)
Focus Wall: Center-Positioned Enclosure Wall: Side-Positioned

SUMMARY
Post: Cross-Positioned
Glazing: 1/3 Grid Shifted
Element Part Whole
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Materials of 6 surfaces
VARIOUS FORMS
OF CONSTRUCTION
SYSTEMS WITH
WOOD
LOG CONSTRUCTION TIMBER FRAME TIMBER STUD CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION (BALOON FRAME CONSTRUCTION)
True Wood Joint T.W.J.
nail

FRAME CONSTRUCTION
Mechanical Fastener
PLATFORM FRAME
CONSTRUCTION PANEL CONSTRUCTION
Nail
SYSTEM
A group of interacting, interrelated, or
interdependent elements forming a complex whole.
Amercian Heritage
System is a set of entities, real or abstract, where
each entity interacts with, or is related to, at least
one other entity.
There are natural and man-made (designed)
systems. Natural systems may not have an apparent
objective. Man-made systems normally have
purpose, objectives. They are “designed to work as a
coherent entity”.
Wikipedia
Nail
M. F.
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RELEVANCY
Natural System
Similarity and Difference between Species (Mammal)
Cranium Rib Cage & Vertebral Column (backbone)

Leg
WHY God Combines Various Skeleton Type on One Body?
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Similarity and Difference between Species
Attack and Defense
American Football Collision Skull Protecting Brain

Mobility for Hunting or Escaping
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Spanning in Motion, Low Weight in Motion
Mid-age Armour Design Skeleton & Contained Organs
Body transformation
For Reproduction
Skeleton
Envelope
Space Defined
Potential space
Function
Question:
How does this natural system
relate to man-made system?

THE END
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