Geology and Paleontology of Canal Zone and Adjoining ... - USGS

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GASTROPODS: EULIMIDAE, MARGINELLIDAE TO HELMINTHOGLYPTIDAE 307 the distribution elsewhere and in other Canal Zone formations of the same or related species. Gastropods from shallow-water fades of Caimito formation and occurrence elsewhere and in other Canal Zone formations of the same or related species Species from. Caimito formation Turritella meroensis Olsson_ Turritella (Bactrospira) altilira Conrad, subsp. 1 Architectonica (Architectonica) rhicna Woodring. Trochita cf. T. spirata Forbes 2 . Orthaulax sp 3__--_________-_. Cypraea cf. C. chilona Dall____ Globularia (Globularia) aff. G. fischeri (Ball). Ampullinopsis spenceri (Cooke). Semicassis (Echinophoria) apenes Woodring. Semicassis (Echinophoria) sp. Cymatium (Septa) ogygium Woodring. Ficus cf. F. pilsbryi (B. Smith). Marginella (Eratoidea) aff. M. mollitor Dall. Conus cf. C. sulculus Dall. Conus aff. C. chipolanus-- Gemmula cf. G. arnica Casey__ Occurrence elsewhere and in other Canal Zone formations of same or related species Late Oligocene, Santiago area, Panama, Ecuador, Peru. Subspecies of T. altilira range from late Oligocene to late Miocene. A. nobilis Roding, early Miocene to Holocene. T. spirata, possibly middle Miocene to Holocene. Possibly related to 0. pugnax (Heilprin), late Oligocene, Georgia, early Miocene, Florida. C. chilona, early Miocene, Florida. Also Culebra and La Boca Formations. G. fischeri, early Miocene, Florida. Also Bohio and La Boca Formations. Late Oligocene, Antigua; possibly Puerto Rico, Santiago area, Panama, Ecuador, Peril. S. intermedia (Brocchi) Miocene to Pliocene, Italy. C. nicobaricum (Roding), Holocene. F. pilsbryi, middle Miocene, Jamaica, Dominican Republic. M. mollitor, early Miocene, Florida; M. euancycla Gardner, early Miocene, Florida. Also Bohio forma tion. C. sulculus, early Miocene, Florida. Also Bohio formation. C. chipolanus, early Miocene, Florida. Also Bohio, Culebra, and La Boca formations. G. arnica, early Oligocene, Mississippi. 1 Described on page 104 as Turritella (Torcula) altilira Conrad, subsp. 2 Recorded on page 81 as Trochita cf. T. trochiformis (Born). s Described on page 191 as Orthaulax cf. 0. pugnax (Heilprin). Age. The Caimito gastropods, like those from the Bohio formation, have Oligocene and Miocene affini ties. Numerically Miocene outweighs Oligocene. Never theless Oligocene affinities are more pronounced for the Caimito than for the underlying Bohio and the percentage of extinct genera is almost twice as high for the Caimito. The two unequivocally identified spe cies that are not endemic (Turritella meroensis and Ampullinopsis spenceri) occur elsewhere in deposits of Gastropods from moderately deep- and occurrence elsewhere and of related species Species from Caimito formation Conus cf. C. peruvianus Olsson. Scobinella aff. S. morierei (Cossmann). Paraborsonia aff. P. brassoensis (Mansfield). Vaginella lophota Woodring, n. sp. Woodring, n. sp. i See page 373 for localities. water fades of Caimito formation in other Canal Zone formations Occurrence elsewhere and in other Canal Zone formations of related species C. peruvianus, late Eocene, Peril. S. morierei, early to late Miocene. 1 P. brassoensis, middle Miocene, Trinidad. S. listrotum Woodring, Bohio formation. V. depressa Daudin, Miocene, western Europe ; V. chipolana Dall, early Miocene, Florida. Oligocene age. Though Ampullinopsis (Megatylotus of much European literature) has an age range of late Eocene to early Miocene, it is especially characteristic of Oligocene throughout the Tethyan region, in the Rupelian (or Stampian) of western Europe, in south eastern United States, and in the Tertiary Caribbean province. The following genera and subgeiiera are ex tinct : Orthaulax, Globularia, Ampullinopsis, Echino phoria, "Gemmula" Zemaciesf, Scobinella, Paraborsonia, and Paleocavolina. The beautifully preserved planktonic and benthonic foraminifera in the moderately deep-water facies of the Caimito on Barro Colorado Island were identified by Bolli and assigned by him to the Globorotalia kug- leri zone (Bolli, in Woodring, 1958, p. 22-23, 27). The smaller foraminifera, larger foraminifera (p. 29-30; Cole, 1957), and inollusks indicate a late Oligocene age. As part of the sweeping allegation that no marine Oligocene is known in America, except in the Tampico area of Mexico and Cuba, the Bohio and Caimito for mations have been alleged to be of Aquitanian (early Miocene) age (Eames and others, 1962, p. 36-37). The sweeping allegation has been tacitly repudiated (Eames and others, 1968, p. 292-295). CARABA FORMATION On the recommendation of Mr. Stewart the name Caraba formation is adopted for strata formerly as signed to the Caimito formation. The name, in the form Caraba facies of the Caimito formation, was proposed by Jones (1950, p. 901). The thickest well- exposed section so far found is in the type region. It is located south of the Gamboa Reach of the Panama Canal, along a tributary of Rio Mandinga, about 4 kilometers southwest of Gamboa and about 750 meters
308 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF CANAL ZONE east of Rio Caraba. The section exposed along the stream, as recorded by Mr. Stewart and later by Wood- ring, is as follows : Section of Caraba formation along stream in type region Approximate thickness (meters) 8. Andesitic lava_ __________________________________ 15 7. Agglomerate. _-__ ________________________________ 60 6. Sandy siltstone_ _________________________________ 8 5. Hard, dense, buff limestone; Clypeaster f ragments _ _ _ _ 3 4. Sandy siltstone and calcareous, pebbly sandstone; Clypeaster concavus and few mollusks (locality 60) __ IS 3. Hard, dense, buff limestone; Clypeaster f ragments ____ 8 2. Sandy siltstone and poorly sorted, silty sandstone; many Heterostegina israelskyi, also Lepidocyclina asterodisca (locality 59)__~ __--__ _________________ 18 1. Conglomerate and coarse-grained, poorly sorted conglomeratic sandstone; boulders have maximum length of 60 cm, but cobbles having length of 3 to 6 cm more common than boulders; dacite prophyry conspicuous among clasts____-_-_----_---_----__- 70 Approximate thickness of section.________ 200 These strata, characterized by the exceptional thick ness of conglomerate and conglomeratic sandstone, pre sumably interfinger with the Caimito formation. The total thickness of the Caraba is unknown, even in the type region, as the base and top have not been recog nized. Where the Caraba formation reappears northeast of the Canal, it consists almost wholly of agglomerate, in which blocks and slabs of decite porphyry generally predominate, and agglomeratic tuff. North of Pedro Miguel the agglomerate is shown on the geologic map (pi. 1) as part of the Pedro Miguel agglomerate, and in the area straddling the part of Madden Highway south of the Transisthmian (or Boyd-Roosevelt) High way overpass as part of the Caimito formation. Expo sures may be seen at the falls on the east side of Mad den Highway at the monument site four kilometers south of the overpass and on abandoned Army roads east of the highway. Lenses of dense marine limestone, containing calcareous algse and larger foraminifera, have been found at locality 97, off Madden Highway, and six kilometers north-northwest of Pedro Miguel. The fossils so far recorded from the Caraba forma tion and the occurrence of the same or related species elsewhere and in other Canal Zone formations are tabu lated below. Age. The fossils other than larger foraminifera indicate a late Oligocene or early Miocene age. Accord ing to the larger foraminifera, however, the age is late Fossils from Caraba formation and occurrence elsewhere and in other Canal Zone formations of same or related species Species from Caraba formation Larger foraminifera: Nummulites panamensis Cushman, near locality 97. 1 Heterostegina israelskyi Gravell and Hanna, locality 59.2 Lepidocyclina asterodisca Nuttall, locality 59. Lepidocyclina sp., near locality 97. Coral: Goniopora cf. G. cascadensis Vaughan, locality 61.3 Gastropods: Pachycrommiumf aff. P.? trinitatensis (Mansfield), locality 60. Ficus sp., group of F. ventricosa (Sowerby), locality 60. Echinoid: Clypeaster concavus Cotteau, locality 60. 4 Occurrence elsewhere and in other Canal Zone formations of same or related species Late Oligocene, Trinidad. Also Caimito formation. Late Oligocene, Texas, Florida, Mexico. Also Caimito formation. Early Oligocene, Mexico; late Oligocene, Texas, Trinidad. G. cascadensis, La Boca formation; late Oligocene, Antigua; early Miocene, Auguilla. P.? trinitatensis, early Miocene, Trinidad. Also La Boca formation. Species of F. ventricosa group range from late Oligocene to Holocene. Possibly also Caimito formation. Late Oligocene, Antigua; early Miocene, Anguilla. 1 Across Madden Highway from locality 97; identification by K. N. Sachs, Jr. 2 See p. 30; identifications by W. S. Cole, s See p. 30; identification by J. W. Wells. 4 See p. 31; identification by C. W. Cooke. Oligocene: the equivalent of part, or all, of the Cai mito formation. PANAMA FORMATION The Panama formation is redefined to include strata formerly assigned not only to the Panama itself, but also to the Bohio and Caimito formations, and the Pedro Miguel agglomerate. As redefined the Panama consists chiefly of agglomerate and tuff, extending from the Miraflores Lake area to Panama City, and also northeastward across the continental divide and east ward in the Pacific coastal area to and beyond the limit of plate 1. The formation also includes tuffaceous sand stone, tuffaceous siltstone, lenses of stream deposits, and lenses of marine limestone. Mr. Stewart showed many outcrops of agglomerate, including many new exposures resulting from highway construction and suburban development northeast of the main part of Panama City and along the Trans isthmian Highway. The agglomerate consists of angu lar to subrounded blocks, mostly andesitic, generally widely scattered in a matrix of fine-grained tuff. The
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Abderospira... ....................
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Cancellaria (Cancellaria) Continued
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Daphnella Continued pagera.........
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PLATES 48-66
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPE
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16 17 MIDDLE MIOCENE MOLLUSKS FROM
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MIDDLE MIOCENE MOLLUSKS FROM GATUN
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