An Introduction to Biomass Thermochemical Conversion - NREL

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Typical Gas Heating Values Gasifier Inlet Gas Product Gas Product Gas Type HHV MJ/Nm 3 Partial Oxidation Air Producer Gas 7 Partial Oxidation Oxygen Synthesis Gas 10 Indirect Steam Synthesis Gas 15 Natural Gas 38 Methane 41
Biomass Coal Oxygen Sulfur Ash Alkali H/C Ratio Heating Value Tar Reactivity • Use coal gasifier cleanup technology for biomass – Issues • Coal cleanup designed for large, integrated plants • Extensive sulfur removal not needed for biomass • Biomass tars very reactive • Wet/cold cleanup systems produce significant waste streams that require cleanup/recovery – large plant needed for economy of scale for cleanup/recovery • Biomass particulates high in alkali • Feed biomass to coal gasifiers – Issues • Feeding biomass (not just wood) – many commercial coal gasifiers are entrained flow requiring small particles • Gasifier refractory life/ash properties – biomass high in alkali • Character/reactivity of biomass tars may have unknown impact on chemistry/cleanup • Volumetric energy density a potential issue • Biomass reactivity – may react in feeder
Page 1 and 2: An Introduction to Biomass Thermoch
Page 3 and 4: Fuels, Chemicals, Materials, Heat a
Page 5: Combustion Pyrolysis • Thermal co
Page 8 and 9: POTENTIAL BIOMASS PRODUCTS • Pote
Page 10 and 11: Proximate (wt% as received) Poplar
Page 12 and 13: Actual HHV (Btu/lb) 12000 10000 800
Page 14 and 15: Alfalfa stems Rice straw Wood - yar
Page 16 and 17: Stages of Combustion of Solids •D
Page 18: Combustor Types •Stoker Grate •
Page 21 and 22: Biomass Technology Stoker Boiler, W
Page 23 and 24: 1.0 Fossil Energy In Life Cycle CO2
Page 25 and 26: Electricity (cents/kWh) and Steam (
Page 27 and 28: Product High Pressure Low Pressure
Page 29 and 30: Mixed Oxygenates Conventional Flash
Page 31 and 32: 1792 and all that • Murdoch (1792
Page 33 and 34: C + CO2 = 2CO C + H2O = CO + H2 C +
Page 35: Table 2: Gas composition for fluid
Page 39 and 40: Community Power Corporation’s Cor
Page 42 and 43: Contribution to Hydrogen Price for
Page 44 and 45: Life Cycle GWP and Energy Balance f
Page 46 and 47: CRUDE OIL CRUDE TOWER ATMOS RESID H
Page 48 and 49: Net Revenue Potential of Biorefiner
Page 50 and 51: Pyrolysis
Page 52 and 53: Mechanisms of Pyrolysis Many pathwa
Page 54 and 55: Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass • Fast
Page 56 and 57: Operational Pyrolysis Units Fluid b
Page 58 and 59: Fluid Bed Heating Options 1 Hot wal
Page 60 and 61: Fluid Bed Reactors Good temperature
Page 62 and 63: CFB and Transported Beds • Good t
Page 64 and 65: Vacuum Moving Bed Developed at Uni
Page 66 and 67: Char Removal Char acts as a vapor c
Page 68 and 69: Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil Bio-oil is w
Page 70 and 71: Upgrading of Bio-oils Physical Meth
Page 72 and 73: Bio-oil Cost Different claims of th
Page 74 and 75: Research Opportunities
Page 76 and 77: Biomass Thermochemical Conversion P

An Introduction to Biomass Thermochemical Conversion - NREL

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