Getting Started in Sociology, 3rd Edition - Latest Downloads

Recommendations

Info

Getting Started in Sociology, 3rd Edition 12 university curricula, exclude girls from schooling and women from working in certain jobs, and determine the kinds of art or literature offered to the public. In the United States, the most significant contemporary movement to expand religious influence probably is the effort to shape school curricula concerning evolution and creationism. Wherever they occur, when such movements succeed they change the meaning and significance of religious piety. Efforts like these reflect and shape the abiding role of religion in a society in ways that go beyond the percentages of people who believe in God, pray, or attend religious services. RECOMMENDED RESOURCES Chaves, Mark. “Abiding Faith.” Copyright © 2002 by American Sociological Association. Reprinted with permission from Contexts, Vol. 1, Number 2, Summer 2002, pp. 19–26. Chaves, Mark. 1994. “Secularization as Declining Religious Authority.” Social Forces (72), 749–74. Gallup, George Jr. and D. Michael Lindsay. 1999. Surveying the Religious Landscape. Harrisburg, PA: Morehouse Publishing. Hofferth, Sandra L. and John F. Sandberg. (2001). “Children at the Millennium: Where Have We Come From, Where Are We Going?” In Advances in Life Course Research, edited by T. Owens and S. Hofferth. New York: Elsevier Science. Also available at www.ethno.isr.umich.edu/06papers/html/. Inglehart, Ronald and Baker, Wayne E. (2000). “Modernization, Cultural Change, and the Persistence of Traditional Values.” American Sociological Review (65), 19–51. Presser, Stanley and Stinson, Linda. (1998). “Data Collection Mode and Social Desirability Bias in Self-Reported Religious Attendance.” American Sociological Review (63), 134–135. Putnam, Robert. (2000). “Religious Participation.” In Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. Chaves observed that Americans are going to church less but continue to believe in God, and to be interested in spirituality and the supernatural, as much as ever. How do the religious practices of your family, friends, and acquaintances compare to Chaves’ observations? 2. Chaves suggests Americans remain religious because, not only do scientific and technological advances fail to alleviate emotional adversity; in fact, most people see such advances as just one more part of life they cannot understand or control. Thus people continue to believe in a higher power as sort of an emotional anchor, and participate in religious organizations to feel a sense of belonging. In your opinion, why does religiosity remain high in the U.S.?
GEORGE RITZER 2: THE MCDONALDIZATION OF SOCIETY Awide-ranging process of rationalization is occurring across American society and is having an increasingly powerful impact in many other parts of the world. It encompasses such disparate phenomena as fast-food restaurants, TV dinners, packaged tours, industrial robots, plea bargaining, and open-heart surgery on an assembly-line basis. As widespread and as important as these developments are, it is clear that we have barely begun a process that promises even more extraordinary changes (e.g., genetic engineering) in the years to come. We can think of rationalization as a historical process and rationality as the end result of that development. As a historical process, rationalization has distinctive roots in the Western world. Writing in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the great German sociologist Max Weber saw his society as the center of the ongoing process of rationalization and the bureaucracy as its paradigm case. The model of rationalization, at least in contemporary America, is no longer the bureaucracy, but might be better thought of as the fast-food restaurant. As a result, our concern here is with what might be termed the “McDonaldization of Society.” While the fast-food restaurant is not the ultimate expression of rationality, it is the current exemplar for future developments in rationalization. A society characterized by rationality is one which emphasizes efficiency, predictability, calculability, substitution of nonhuman for human technology, and control over uncertainty. In discussing the various dimensions of rationalization, we will be little concerned with the gains already made, and yet to be realized, by greater rationalization. These advantages are widely discussed in schools and in the mass media. In fact, we are in danger of being seduced by the innumerable advantages already offered, and promised in the future, by rationalization. The glitter of these accomplishments and promises has served to distract most people from the grave dangers posed by progressive rationalization. In other words, we are ultimately concerned here with the irrational consequences that often flow from rational systems. Thus, the second major theme of this essay might be termed “the irrationality of rationality.” . . . Efficiency The process of rationalization leads to a society in which a great deal of emphasis is placed on finding the best or optimum means to any given end. Whatever a group of people define as an end, and everything they so define, is to be pursued by attempting to find the best means to achieve the end. Thus, in the Germany of Weber’s day, the bureaucracy was seen as the most efficient means of handling a wide array of administrative tasks. Somewhat later, the Nazis came to develop the concentration camp, its ovens, and other devices as the optimum method of collecting and murdering millions of Jews and other people. The efficiency that Weber described in turn-of-the-century Germany, and which later came to characterize many Nazi activities, has become a basic principle of life in virtually every sector of a rational society. Ritzer, George. “The McDonaldization of Society,” Journal of American Culture 6, no. 1 (1983): 100–107. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishing. The modern American family, often with two wage earners, has little time to prepare elaborate meals. For the relatively few who still cook such meals, there is likely to be great reliance on cookbooks that make cooking from scratch much more efficient. However, such cooking is relatively rare today. Most families take as their objective quickly and easily prepared meals. To this end, much use is made of prepackaged meals and frozen TV dinners. For many modern families, the TV dinner is no longer efficient enough. To many people, eating out, particularly in a fastfood restaurant, is a far more efficient way of obtaining their meals. Fast-food restaurants capitalize on this by being organized so that diners are fed as efficiently as possible. They offer a limited, simple menu that can be cooked and served 13
Page 1 and 2: Getting Started in: SOCIOLOGY Third
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents PART I: The Basic
Page 5 and 6: PART I: The Basics FUNDAMENTAL CONC
Page 7 and 8: micro-sociological perspective. Wha
Page 9 and 10: Socialization: Learning the Culture
Page 11 and 12: amount of prestige (s)he enjoys as
Page 13 and 14: MARK CHAVES 1: ABIDING FAITH God is
Page 15: 1: ABIDING FAITH religious-service
Page 19 and 20: made great efforts to ensure such p
Page 21 and 22: steps that could be taught to all w
Page 23 and 24: MATT RIDLEY 3: WHAT MAKES YOU WHO Y
Page 25 and 26: FIRST MALE FETUS triggers an immune
Page 27 and 28: —in the case of his dogs, knowled
Page 29 and 30: Stratification PART III: Stratifica
Page 31 and 32: society from them (e.g. prison guar
Page 33: stratify each other? PART III: Stra
Page 36 and 37: Getting Started in Sociology, 3rd E
Page 51 and 52: MARY CROW DOG • RICHARD ERDOES .
Page 53 and 54: 3: CIVILIZE THEM WITH A STICK help
Page 55 and 56: eat ham or eggs and bacon in the mo
Page 57 and 58: Current Trends in the World of Work
Page 59 and 60: Power vs. Authority Sociologists ha
Page 61 and 62: Career Planning as Impression Manag
Page 63: 3. What activities do you like to d
Page 66 and 67:
Getting Started in Sociology, 3rd E
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 115 and 116:
3: DISCLAIMERS AND ACCOUNTS IN CASE
Page 117 and 118:
‘This is between you and me. This
Page 119 and 120:
principles. Even were priests to ma
Page 121 and 122:
is like in terms of character, inte
Page 123:
Sipe, A. W. Richard. 1991. The Secr
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 151 and 152:
2: NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND OUR FEELING
Page 153 and 154:
answer to this new challenge. A ret
Page 155 and 156:
watchful of unspoken physical gestu
Page 157 and 158:
met John, I knew that they had made
Page 159 and 160:
unload that tired brick colonial. E
Page 161 and 162:
LAUREN SLATER 3: THIS THING CALLED
Page 163 and 164:
motivation to win rewards. It is wh
Page 165 and 166:
3: THIS THING CALLED LOVE dopamine
Page 167 and 168:
attached to him or her. You will st
Page 169 and 170:
4: DYSFUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION AND
Page 171 and 172:
something like this: “You’re so
Page 173 and 174:
Personal Troubles vs. Public Issues
Page 175:
REFERENCES Conot, Robert; Rivers of
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 187 and 188:
CHRIS BRAY 2: HUMAN TRAFFICKING If
Page 189 and 190:
day. The one woman that was arreste
Page 191 and 192:
GRAHAM T. T. MOLITOR 3: FOOD AND AG
Page 193 and 194:
ecame more pronounced, with 8.1 mil
Page 195 and 196:
elative importance in the Knowledge
Page 197:
altered species as “Frankenfish.
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 219 and 220:
Subject and Name Index 215
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
show all

Getting Started in Sociology, 3rd Edition - Latest Downloads

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?