Getting Started in Sociology, 3rd Edition - Latest Downloads

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Getting Started in Sociology, 3rd Edition iv 4: JUST YOUR AVERAGE SEX OFFENDER 195 Glossary 201 Subject and Name Index 215
PART I: The Basics FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND PERSPECTIVES Before you begin the reading selections I want to introduce you to some basic sociological concepts. Please note, the definitions of the concepts provided here are working definitions. Other sociologists may define the concepts somewhat differently. Referring to these working definitions as you read will help you absorb and understand the material. What Is Sociology? Sociology is the study of what individuals and groups do, in relation to each other. Because of that in-relation-to-each-other part, sociologists call the conduct they study interpersonal or social behavior. The other, referred to in the phrase “in relation to each other,” could be one other person in direct physical contact with you. Or, other could refer to everyone else in the world, whom you are considering in the abstract. Sociologists say that all the social ‘relating’ or interaction you have engaged in thus far in your life will affect how you decide to act in the here-and-now. For example, imagine you are in a room by yourself; deciding what to do with some alone-time you have right now. A sociologist would say, you at least think about how other people would react if they were to see you engage in the behavior you are contemplating. Because you have at least considered how others would react to what you are about to do, even how you act in solitude is, in a sense, social. Sociologists also study how and why people behave socially as they do; how and why their behavior changes (or doesn’t) over time, and how changes—innovations—in social behavior spread from the few who “invented” the changes, to much larger social groups. Sociologists may study social behavior and group processes within a single society. Or, they may study these phenomena in two or more societies, then compare the groups. The size and scope of a sociologist’s research project, as well as the methods (s)he uses to do the research, will vary according to the theoretical perspective (s)he adheres to, the types of behavior or processes (s)he is interested in studying and, of course, realities like funding and staff resources. Depending on the range of persons or groups studied, the length of time they are studied, and which tools a sociologist uses to measure, record and analyze the data (s)he collects, a sociologist is said to ‘do’ either macro sociology or micro sociology. Macro sociologists are like photographers who shoot their photos using a wide-angle lens. They would rather fit a lot of people into each frame than get detailed images of just a few of them. By contrast, micro sociologists are like photographers who use a zoom lens. They focus on only a few people at a time so they can capture a lot of detail about each person. What Kinds of Theories Do Sociologists Use? 1
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eat ham or eggs and bacon in the mo
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Current Trends in the World of Work
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Power vs. Authority Sociologists ha
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Career Planning as Impression Manag
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3. What activities do you like to d
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3: DISCLAIMERS AND ACCOUNTS IN CASE
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‘This is between you and me. This
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principles. Even were priests to ma
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is like in terms of character, inte
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Sipe, A. W. Richard. 1991. The Secr
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2: NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND OUR FEELING
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answer to this new challenge. A ret
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watchful of unspoken physical gestu
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met John, I knew that they had made
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unload that tired brick colonial. E
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LAUREN SLATER 3: THIS THING CALLED
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motivation to win rewards. It is wh
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3: THIS THING CALLED LOVE dopamine
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attached to him or her. You will st
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4: DYSFUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION AND
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something like this: “You’re so
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Personal Troubles vs. Public Issues
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REFERENCES Conot, Robert; Rivers of
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CHRIS BRAY 2: HUMAN TRAFFICKING If
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day. The one woman that was arreste
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GRAHAM T. T. MOLITOR 3: FOOD AND AG
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ecame more pronounced, with 8.1 mil
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elative importance in the Knowledge
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altered species as “Frankenfish.
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Subject and Name Index 215
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