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Getting Started in Sociology, 3rd Edition 44 20 Ostrander, Women of the Upper Class, pp. 128–29. For three other fine accounts of the volunteer work of upperclass women, see Arlene Daniels, Invisible Careers (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988); Margot MacLeod, “Influential Women Volunteers” (paper presented to the meetings of the American Sociological Association, San Antonio, August 1984); and Margot MacLeod, “Older Generation, Younger Generation: Transition in Women Volunteers’ Lives” (unpublished manuscript, 1987). For women’s involvement in philanthropy and on the boards of nonprofit organizations, see Teresa Odendahl, Charity Begins at Home: Generosity and Self-Interest among the Philanthropic Elite (New York: Basic Books, 1990), and Teresa Odendahl and Michael O’Neill, eds., Women and Power in the Nonprofit Sector (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1994). For indepth interviews of both women and men philanthropists, see Francie Ostrower, Why the Wealthy Give: The Culture of Elite Philanthropy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995). 21 Ostrander, Women of the Upper Class, pp. 113, 115. 22 Ostrander, “Upper-Class Women,” p. 84; Ostrander, Women of the Upper Class, pp. 132–37. 23 Beth Ghiloni, “New Women of Power” (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1986), pp. 122, 159. 24 Daniels, Invisible Careers, p. x. 25 Ostrander, Women of the Upper Class, pp. 85–88. 26 Baltzell, Philadelphia Gentlemen, p. 26. 27 Paul M. Blumberg and P. W. Paul, “Continuities and Discontinuities in Upper-Class Marriages,” Journal of Marriage and the Family, vol. 37, no. 1 (February 1975):63–77; David L. Hatch and Mary A. Hatch, “Criteria of Social Status As Derived from Marriage Announcements in the New York Times,” American Sociological Review 12 (August 1947): 396–403. 28 Lawrence Rosen and Robert R. Bell, “Mate Selection in the Upper Class,” Sociological Quarterly 7 (Spring 1966): 157–66. I supplemented the original study by adding the information on schools and clubs. 29 Robert C. Tryon, “Identification of Social Areas by Cluster Analysis: A General Method with an Application to the San Francisco Bay Area,” University of California Publications in Psychology 8 (1955); Robert C. Tryon, “Predicting Group Differences in Cluster Analysis: The Social Areas Problem,” Multivariate Behavioral Research 2 (1967):4 53–75. 30 T. D. Schuby, “Class Power, Kinship, and Social Cohesion: A Case Study of a Local Elite,” Sociological Focus 8, no. 3 (August 1975): 243–55; Donald Davis, “The Price of Conspicuous Production: The Detroit Elite and the Automobile Industry, 1900–1933,” Journal of Social History 16 (1982): 21–46. 31 John Ingham, The Iron Barons (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1978), pp. 230–31. For the continuity of a more general sample of wealthy families, see Michael Allen, The Founding Fortunes (New York: Truman Talley Books, 1987). 32 For further evidence of the assimilation of new members into the upper class, see the study of the social affiliations and attitudes of the successful Jewish business owners who become part of the upper class by Richard L. Zweigenhaft and G. William Domhoff, Jews in the Protestant Establishment (New York: Praeger, 1982). DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. As described in this selection, what sorts of social institutions have a hand in the socialization of upper-class individuals, over the course of their lives?
individuals, over the course of their lives? 2: WHO RULES AMERICA?: The Corporate Community and the Upper Class 2. How does the set of socializing institutions for upper-class males differ in composition from the set that socializes upper-class females? 3. According to the author, the upper class have managed to insulate themselves and their way of life from the rest of us, despite the passage of a few hundred years and significant social changes therein; for example, in regard to equal rights for women and minorities. In your opinion, can anything be done to dismantle the rigidity of the class structure in our society? If “yes,” what sorts of social action do you recommend be taken to accomplish this? If “no,” why are changes in the class structure impossible, in your view? 45
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2: NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND OUR FEELING
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answer to this new challenge. A ret
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watchful of unspoken physical gestu
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met John, I knew that they had made
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unload that tired brick colonial. E
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LAUREN SLATER 3: THIS THING CALLED
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motivation to win rewards. It is wh
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3: THIS THING CALLED LOVE dopamine
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attached to him or her. You will st
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4: DYSFUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION AND
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something like this: “You’re so
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Personal Troubles vs. Public Issues
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REFERENCES Conot, Robert; Rivers of
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CHRIS BRAY 2: HUMAN TRAFFICKING If
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day. The one woman that was arreste
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GRAHAM T. T. MOLITOR 3: FOOD AND AG
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ecame more pronounced, with 8.1 mil
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elative importance in the Knowledge
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altered species as “Frankenfish.
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Subject and Name Index 215
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