Phylum Echinodermata

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general things Echinodermata
Echinodermata Klein, 1734 ex Bruguière, 1789 Ethymology: Greek echinos (hedgehog, spine) and derma (integument, skin) Main characteristics: all echinoderms have a mesodermal skeleton of porous calcite plates but: reduced to absent among some holothuroids skeleton covered by a thin skin Endoskeleton radial symmetry, typically five-rayed / pentameral, as adults but: not developed in stem-group echinoderms, or carpoids lost or obscured by secondary adaptations water-vascular system (complex internal apparatus of tubes and bladders containing fluid) with extensions emerging through the skeleton to the outside as tube feet or podia (podia serve for locomotion, respiration and feeding a.o.) but: has not been confirmed in all fossil groups Echinodermata – general features
Page 1: echinoderms Echinodermata tagghudin
Page 5 and 6: Ossicles ... ... can be fused into
Page 7 and 8: Water vascular system (= ambulacral
Page 9 and 10: ambulacra Echinodermata - general f
Page 11 and 12: Ecology exclusively marine and sten
Page 13 and 14: Echinodermata - ecology
Page 15 and 16: systematics Echinodermata 1) Stem-g
Page 17 and 18: Helicoplacoidea (Lower Cambrian) sp
Page 19 and 20: Homlozoa systematics Echinodermata
Page 21 and 22: marginalia presumed mouth ”arm”
Page 23 and 24: Calcichordate theory (Jefferies 198
Page 25 and 26: Pelmatozoa (since Middle Cambrian)
Page 27 and 28: [anal pyramid, brachiols, dichopore
Page 29 and 30: Blastoidea sensu stricto Echinoderm
Page 31 and 32: Crinoidea (since Ordovician) radial
Page 33 and 34: Camerata Echinodermata - classifica
Page 35 and 36: In deep water settings: Stalked cri
Page 37 and 38: Eleutherozoa (since Early Cambrian
Page 39 and 40: Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers) mouth
Page 41 and 42: Asterozoa echinoderms with depresse
Page 43 and 44: Somasteroidea Asterozoans with oral
Page 45 and 46: Echinozoa (”sea urchins”) echin
Page 47 and 48: Aristotle's lantern perignathic gir
Page 49 and 50: Echinoidea classification ==o Echin
Page 51 and 52: Echinodermata - classification - El
Page 53 and 54:
Cyclocystoidea enigmatic Paleozoic
Page 55 and 56:
Echmatocrinus from the Middle Cambr
Page 57:
systematics Echinodermata summary
Page 60 and 61:
Echinodermata - systematics
Page 62 and 63:
Echinodermata - systematics
Page 64 and 65:
Echinodermata - evolution
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Phylum Echinodermata

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