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158 ENDNOTES fork, titled, “The Lemacs/FSFmacs Schism.”, at http://www.jwz.org/doc/lemacs. html. Stallman’s response to those accusations is in http://stallman.org/articles/ xemacs.origin. 9Debian Buzz in June 1996 contained non-free Netscape 3.01 in its Contrib section. 10Young uses the term “public domain” loosely here. Strictly speaking, it means “not copyrighted.” Code released under the GNU GPL cannot be in the public domain, since it must be copyrighted in order for the GNU GPL to apply. 11This quote is taken from the much-publicized Torvalds-Tanenbaum “flame war” following the initial release of Linux. In the process of defending his choice of a nonportable monolithic kernel design, Torvalds says he started working on Linux as a way to learn more about his new 386 PC. “If the GNU kernel had been ready last spring, I’d not have bothered to even start my project.” See Chris DiBona et al., Open Sources (O’Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1999): 224.
Chapter 11 Open Source [RMS: In this chapter only, I have deleted some quotations. The material deleted was about open source and didn’t relate to my life or my work.] In November, 1995, Peter Salus, a member of the Free Software Foundation and author of the 1994 book, A Quarter Century of Unix, issued a call for papers to members of the GNU Project’s “systemdiscuss” mailing list. Salus, the conference’s scheduled chairman, wanted to tip off fellow hackers about the upcoming Conference on Freely Redistributable Software in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Slated for February, 1996, and sponsored by the Free Software Foundation, the event promised to be the first engineering conference solely dedicated to free software and, in a show of unity with other free software programmers, welcomed papers on “any aspect of GNU, Linux, NetBSD, 386BSD, FreeBSD, Perl, Tcl/tk, and other tools for which the code is accessible and redistributable.” Salus wrote: Over the past 15 years, free and low-cost software has become ubiquitous. This conference will bring together implementers of several different types of freely redistributable software and publishers of such software (on various media). There will be tutorials and refereed papers, as well as keynotes by Linus Torvalds and Richard Stallman. 1 159
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Free as in Freedom (2.0): Richard S
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Contents Foreword by Richard M. Sta
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Foreword by Richard M. Stallman I h
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Preface by Sam Williams This summer
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that the hacker ethos no longer exi
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down a dead-end street, an accusati
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xiii Richard or myself, you can fin
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Chapter 1 For Want of a Printer I f
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operator, they made it subservient
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knew who had written the program, s
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Unilogic gave the AI Lab a gratis c
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thority, to a crusading activist ap
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ENDNOTES 11 commercial programmer w
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Chapter 2 2001: A Hacker’s Odysse
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ing system, developed, nurtured, an
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Windows more attractive to the main
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For the uninitiated, Stallman dives
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To understand the reasons behind th
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ENDNOTES 23 for Something’s Not U
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Chapter 3 A Portrait of the Hacker
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own. Who knew that within 10 years
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them from the social ineptness that
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him,” says Lippman. “It was as
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write his first real program. His f
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ENDNOTES 35 protesters on his way t
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Chapter 4 Impeach God Although thei
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enewal plan that went beyond simply
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Although opposed to the war in Viet
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mate,” he says. In a rare stroke
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Taking the manuals home, Stallman w
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Stallman also learned the lore, sto
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“If you said, ‘Stop the job,’
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Such activities reflected a growing
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the user had chosen “starfish,”
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Stallman ordered a button with the
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ENDNOTES 57 11 See Richard Stallman
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Chapter 5 Puddle of Freedom [RMS: I
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Taking the words down in my reporte
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successful solution is both clever
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Brazil, Stallman has spent 12 of th
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chairman Bill Gates that same week.
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which smell like boiled cabbage but
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serve a purpose that would be under
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and do: for instance, Red Hat contr
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ENDNOTES 75 3 See “Programmer on
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Chapter 6 The Emacs Commune The AI
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Hacker life, however, was not witho
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consists of positing tentative assu
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after the two-key combination that
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a statement within the source code
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ENDNOTES 87 glimpse of Stallman’s
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Chapter 7 A Stark Moral Choice On S
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a few companies, most notably Sun M
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PDP-10 processor with KL-10 (a PDP-
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“[When] passwords first appeared
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the Symbolics documentation appeare
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the dormant lights, lights that onc
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101 on computers altogether,” Sta
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103 share of the profits. “I ther
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105 the original announcement poste
Page 123 and 124: ENDNOTES 107 Endnotes 1See Richard
Page 125 and 126: Chapter 8 St. Ignucius The Maui Hig
Page 127 and 128: 111 restrict fans’ ability to rec
Page 129 and 130: 113 It is likewise lawful - though
Page 131 and 132: Raymond’s attempt to explain our
Page 133 and 134: Stallman dressed as St. IGNUcius. T
Page 135 and 136: 119 are delivered. Most come so ste
Page 137 and 138: ENDNOTES 121 secret the little deta
Page 139 and 140: Chapter 9 The GNU General Public Li
Page 141 and 142: 125 typically used, and designed to
Page 143 and 144: Copyright (c) 1985, Larry Wall You
Page 145 and 146: 129 About the time Stallman was pon
Page 147 and 148: 131 AT&T spin-off that retained own
Page 149 and 150: 133 Labs, Tiemann ran into some AT&
Page 151 and 152: 135 Jeremy Allison, a Sun user duri
Page 153 and 154: 137 and had to vote as a “homeles
Page 155 and 156: 139 course of doing so, Torvalds ha
Page 157 and 158: ENDNOTES 141 the latest in a long l
Page 159 and 160: ENDNOTES 143 16See Linus Torvalds a
Page 161 and 162: Chapter 10 GNU/Linux By 1993, the f
Page 163 and 164: 147 philosophy would people associa
Page 165 and 166: 149 a hot topic. Unfortunately, tha
Page 167 and 168: 151 its distribution “GNU/Linux.
Page 169 and 170: 153 a Unix-like system communicate
Page 171 and 172: 155 the question to Linus Torvalds,
Page 173: ENDNOTES 157 superior to GNU/Linux
Page 177 and 178: 161 “It was a pivotal moment,”
Page 179 and 180: 163 The executive director in quest
Page 181 and 182: 165 Torvalds’ methods before Raym
Page 183 and 184: 167 says he argued for Stallman’s
Page 185 and 186: 169 Later in 1998, Stallman announc
Page 187 and 188: 171 maker Intel purchased a stake i
Page 189 and 190: ENDNOTES 173 Murdock, for one, find
Page 191 and 192: Chapter 12 A Brief Journey through
Page 193 and 194: 177 view, the kind that makes momen
Page 195 and 196: ENDNOTES 179 running. I’m sure th
Page 197 and 198: Chapter 13 Continuing the Fight For
Page 199 and 200: 183 users would be able to have a g
Page 201 and 202: 185 In addition to helping the Free
Page 203 and 204: 187 GPL still be something software
Page 205 and 206: 189 others to see computer technolo
Page 207 and 208: ENDNOTES 191 still resonating in th
Page 209 and 210: Epilogue from Sam Williams: Crushin
Page 211 and 212: his personality and background that
Page 213 and 214: 197 For Stallman, the software issu
Page 215 and 216: 199 contradiction here, because Sun
Page 217 and 218: 201 and because the words do not fi
Page 219 and 220: 203 In July, a full year after the
Page 221 and 222: 205 program introduced lines linkin
Page 223 and 224: 207 Before parting, Stallman handed
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Appendix A - Hack, Hackers, and Hac
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211 ing and reshaping the track’s
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213 “hacker ethic”: the yet-unw
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215 Once a vague item of obscure st
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Appendix B - GNU Free Documentation
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219 says that the Document is relea
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221 If the required texts for eithe
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223 L. Preserve all the Invariant S
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225 A compilation of the Document o
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227 can be used, that proxy’s pub
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Colophon The front and back covers
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