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192 ENDNOTES enough supporters to qualify as “mass.” As of 2009, the Free Software Foundation has some 3000 members that pay the hefty dues, and over 20,000 subscribers to its monthly e-mail newsletter. 5 RMS: I never refuse to let people treat me to a meal, since my pride is not based on picking up the check. But I surely did have the money to pay for lunch. My income, which comes from around half the speeches I give, is much less than a law professor’s salary, but I’m not poor.
Epilogue from Sam Williams: Crushing Loneliness [RMS: Because this chapter is so personally from Sam Williams, I have indicated all changes to the text with square brackets or ellipses, and I have made such changes only to clear up technical or legal points, and to remove passages that I found to be hostile and devoid of information. I have also added notes labeled ‘RMS:’ to respond to certain points. Williams has also changed the text of this chapter; changes made by Williams are not explicitly indicated.] Writing the biography of a living person is a bit like producing a play. The drama in front of the curtain often pales in comparison to the drama backstage. In The Autobiography of Malcolm X, Alex Haley gives readers a rare glimpse of that backstage drama. Stepping out of the ghostwriter role, Haley delivers the book’s epilogue in his own voice. The epilogue explains how a freelance reporter originally dismissed as a “tool” and “spy” by the Nation of Islam spokesperson managed to work through personal and political barriers to get Malcolm X’s life story on paper. While I hesitate to compare this book with The Autobiography of Malcolm X, I do owe a debt of gratitude to Haley for his candid epilogue. Over the last 12 months, it has served as a sort of instruction manual on how to deal with a biographical subject who has built an entire career on being disagreeable. [RMS: I have built my career on saying no to things others accept without much question, but if I sometimes seem or am disagreeable, it is not through specific intention.] From the outset, I envisioned closing this biography with 193
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Free as in Freedom (2.0): Richard S
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Contents Foreword by Richard M. Sta
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Foreword by Richard M. Stallman I h
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Preface by Sam Williams This summer
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that the hacker ethos no longer exi
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down a dead-end street, an accusati
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xiii Richard or myself, you can fin
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Chapter 1 For Want of a Printer I f
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operator, they made it subservient
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knew who had written the program, s
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Unilogic gave the AI Lab a gratis c
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thority, to a crusading activist ap
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ENDNOTES 11 commercial programmer w
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Chapter 2 2001: A Hacker’s Odysse
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ing system, developed, nurtured, an
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Windows more attractive to the main
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For the uninitiated, Stallman dives
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To understand the reasons behind th
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ENDNOTES 23 for Something’s Not U
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Chapter 3 A Portrait of the Hacker
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own. Who knew that within 10 years
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them from the social ineptness that
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him,” says Lippman. “It was as
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write his first real program. His f
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ENDNOTES 35 protesters on his way t
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Chapter 4 Impeach God Although thei
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enewal plan that went beyond simply
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Although opposed to the war in Viet
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mate,” he says. In a rare stroke
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Taking the manuals home, Stallman w
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Stallman also learned the lore, sto
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“If you said, ‘Stop the job,’
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Such activities reflected a growing
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the user had chosen “starfish,”
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Stallman ordered a button with the
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ENDNOTES 57 11 See Richard Stallman
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Chapter 5 Puddle of Freedom [RMS: I
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Taking the words down in my reporte
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successful solution is both clever
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Brazil, Stallman has spent 12 of th
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chairman Bill Gates that same week.
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which smell like boiled cabbage but
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serve a purpose that would be under
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and do: for instance, Red Hat contr
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ENDNOTES 75 3 See “Programmer on
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Chapter 6 The Emacs Commune The AI
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Hacker life, however, was not witho
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consists of positing tentative assu
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after the two-key combination that
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a statement within the source code
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ENDNOTES 87 glimpse of Stallman’s
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Chapter 7 A Stark Moral Choice On S
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a few companies, most notably Sun M
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PDP-10 processor with KL-10 (a PDP-
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“[When] passwords first appeared
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the Symbolics documentation appeare
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the dormant lights, lights that onc
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101 on computers altogether,” Sta
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103 share of the profits. “I ther
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105 the original announcement poste
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ENDNOTES 107 Endnotes 1See Richard
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Chapter 8 St. Ignucius The Maui Hig
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111 restrict fans’ ability to rec
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113 It is likewise lawful - though
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Raymond’s attempt to explain our
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Stallman dressed as St. IGNUcius. T
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119 are delivered. Most come so ste
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ENDNOTES 121 secret the little deta
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Chapter 9 The GNU General Public Li
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125 typically used, and designed to
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Copyright (c) 1985, Larry Wall You
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129 About the time Stallman was pon
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131 AT&T spin-off that retained own
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133 Labs, Tiemann ran into some AT&
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135 Jeremy Allison, a Sun user duri
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137 and had to vote as a “homeles
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139 course of doing so, Torvalds ha
Page 157 and 158: ENDNOTES 141 the latest in a long l
Page 159 and 160: ENDNOTES 143 16See Linus Torvalds a
Page 161 and 162: Chapter 10 GNU/Linux By 1993, the f
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Page 173 and 174: ENDNOTES 157 superior to GNU/Linux
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Page 177 and 178: 161 “It was a pivotal moment,”
Page 179 and 180: 163 The executive director in quest
Page 181 and 182: 165 Torvalds’ methods before Raym
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Page 185 and 186: 169 Later in 1998, Stallman announc
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Page 189 and 190: ENDNOTES 173 Murdock, for one, find
Page 191 and 192: Chapter 12 A Brief Journey through
Page 193 and 194: 177 view, the kind that makes momen
Page 195 and 196: ENDNOTES 179 running. I’m sure th
Page 197 and 198: Chapter 13 Continuing the Fight For
Page 199 and 200: 183 users would be able to have a g
Page 201 and 202: 185 In addition to helping the Free
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Page 207: ENDNOTES 191 still resonating in th
Page 211 and 212: his personality and background that
Page 213 and 214: 197 For Stallman, the software issu
Page 215 and 216: 199 contradiction here, because Sun
Page 217 and 218: 201 and because the words do not fi
Page 219 and 220: 203 In July, a full year after the
Page 221 and 222: 205 program introduced lines linkin
Page 223 and 224: 207 Before parting, Stallman handed
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Page 227 and 228: 211 ing and reshaping the track’s
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Page 231 and 232: 215 Once a vague item of obscure st
Page 233 and 234: Appendix B - GNU Free Documentation
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Page 237 and 238: 221 If the required texts for eithe
Page 239 and 240: 223 L. Preserve all the Invariant S
Page 241 and 242: 225 A compilation of the Document o
Page 243 and 244: 227 can be used, that proxy’s pub
Page 245: Colophon The front and back covers
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