THE "SUMMA THEOLOGICA"

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Q. 8. A_. 3 THE "SUMMA THEOLOGICA" 86 all things, so He is the same likewise by His knowledge and will. But it is not said that He is in things by knowledge and will. Therefore neither is He present by His power. Obj. 4. Further, as grace is a perfection added to the substance of a thing, so many other perfections are likewise added. Therefore if God is said to be in certain persons in a special way by grace, it seems that according to every perfection there ought to be a special mode of God's existence in things. On the conlrarv, A gloss on the Canticle of Canticles, v., says that, God by a common mode is in all things by His presence, power, and substance; still He is said to be present more familiarly in some by grace.* I answer that, God is said to be in a thing in two ways; in one way after the manner of an efficient cause; and thus He is in all things created by Him; in another way He is in things as the object of operation is in the operator; and this is proper to the operations of the soul, according as the thing known is in the one who knows; and the thing desired in the one desiring. In this second way God is especially in the rational creature, which knows and loves Him actually or habitually. And because the rational creature possesses this prerogative by grace, as will be shown later (Q. XlI.), He is said to be thus in the saints by grace. But how He is in other things created by Him, may be considered from human affairs. A king, for example, is said to be in the whole kingdom by his power, although he is not everywhere present. Again a thing is said to be by its presence in other things which are subject to its inspection; as things in a house are said to be present to anyone, who nevertheless may not be in substance in every part of the house. Lastly a thing is said to be by way of substance or essence in that place in which its substance may be. Now there were some (the Manichees) who said that spiritual and incorporeal things were subject to the divine power; but that visible and corporeal things were subject to the * The quotation is from S. Gregory (Horn. viii. in Ezech.)
87 EXISTENCE OF GOD IN THINGS _.8.AR_.3 power of a contraryprinciple.Thereforeagains theseit is necessary to say that God is in all things by His power. But others, though they believed that all things were _ubject to the divine power, still did not allow that divine providence extended to these inferior bodies, and in the person of these it is said, He walketh about the poles of th_ heavens; and He doth not consider our things * (Job xxii. x4). Against these it is necessary to say that God is in all things by His presence. Further, others said that, although all things are subject to God's providence, still all things are not immediately created by God; but that He immediately created the first creatures, and these created the others. Against these it is necessary to say that He is in all things by His essence, Therefore, God is in all things by His power, inasmuch as all _hings are subject to His power; He is by His presence in all things, as all things are bare and open to His eyes; He is in all things by His essence, inasmuch as He is present to all as the cause of their being. Reply Obj. I. God is said to be in all things by essence, not indeed by the essence of the things themselves, as if He were of their essence; but by His own essence; because His substance is present to all things as the cause of their . being. Reply Obj. z. A thing can be said to be present to another, when in its sight, though the thing may be distant in substance, as was shown in this article; and therefore two modes of presence are necessary; viz., by essence, and by presence. Reply Obj. 3. Knowledge and will require that the thing known should be in the one who knows, and the thing willed in the one who wills. Hence by knowledge and will things are more truly in God than God in things. But power is the principle of acting on another; hence by power the agent is rdated and applied to an external thing; thus by power an agent may be said to be present to another. • Vulg., He dothnot,consider ...and He walketh, etc.
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\ THE "SUMMA THEOLOGICA"
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THE "SUMMA THEOLOGICA" OF ST. THOMA
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ENCYCLICAL LETTER OF OUR HOLY FATHE
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XXxviii THE " SUMMA THEOLOGICA" CHR
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xl THE " SUMMA THEOLOGICA" I256 Ale
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CONTENTS QUlgSTION' PAGE I. THE NAT
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THE "SUMMA THEOLOGICA" FIRST PART.
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3 NATURE OF SACRED DOCTRINE Q. L AR
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5 NATURE OF SACRED DOCTRINE
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7 NATURE OF SACRED DOCTRINE Q.L ARt
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9 NATISRE OF SACRED DOCTRINE Q.x.AR
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II NATURE OF SACRED DOCTRINE Q. _.
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13 NATURE OF SACRED DOCTRINE Q. x.
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I5 NATURE OF SACRED DOCTRINE Q.x. A
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17 NATURE OF SACRED DOCTRINE O.I. A
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QUESTION Ii. THE EXISTENCE OF GOIL
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2r THE EXISTENCE OF GOD Q. 2. A_T.x
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23 THE EXISTENCE OF GOD Q. 2. ART.2
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25 THE EXISTENCE OF GOD Q. 2.AR_.3
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27 THE EXISTENCE OF GOD Q. 5. ART.3
Page 75 and 76:
29 THE SIMPLICITY OF GOD Q. 3. ART.
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31 THE SIMPLICITY OF GOD Q. 3. ART.
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33 THE SIMPLICITY OF GOD Q. 3. A_.
Page 81 and 82: 35 THE SIMPLICITY OF GOD Q. 3. ART.
Page 83 and 84: 37 THE SIMPLICITY OF GOD Q-3 ART5 F
Page 85 and 86: 39 THE SIMPLICITY OF GOD Q.3.ART.6
Page 87 and 88: 41 THE SIMPLICITY OF GOD Q. 3. A_T.
Page 89 and 90: 43 THE SIMPLICITY OF GOD Q. 3. ART.
Page 91 and 92: QUESTION IV. THE PERFECTION OF GOD.
Page 93 and 94: 47 THE PERFECTION OF GOD Q-4-AR_. 2
Page 95 and 96: 49 THE PERFECTION OF GOD Q. 4. ART.
Page 97 and 98: 51 THE PERFECTION OF GOD Q. 4. A,r.
Page 99 and 100: 53 GOODNESS IN GENERAL Q- 5. ART. !
Page 101 and 102: 55 GOODNESS IN GENERAL Q. 5. ARt. 2
Page 103 and 104: 57 GOODNESS IN GENERAL Q. 5.AR_. 3
Page 105 and 106: 59 GOODNESS IN GENERAL Q. 5. AR_.5
Page 107 and 108: 61 GOODNESS IN GENERAL Q.5.AR_.5 ab
Page 109 and 110: 63 GOODNESS IN GENERAL Q. 5. ART.6
Page 111 and 112: QUESTION VI. THE GOODNESS OF GOD. (
Page 113 and 114: 67 THE GOODNESS OF GOD O 6. AR_.2 i
Page 115 and 116: 69 THE GOODNESS OF GOD Q. 6. A.z. 3
Page 117 and 118: 71 THE GOODNESS OF GOD Q. 6. Ag_. 4
Page 119 and 120: 73 THE INFINITY OF GOD O. 7. AR_. x
Page 121 and 122: 75 THE INFINITY OF GOD Q. 7. AR, 2
Page 123 and 124: 77 THE INFINITY OF GOD Q. 7- AR_:.5
Page 125 and 126: 79 THE INFINITY OF GOD Q. 7. A_T.4
Page 127 and 128: QUESTION VIII. THE EXISTENCE OF GOD
Page 129 and 130: 83 EXISTENCE OF GOD IN THINGS Q. 8.
Page 131: 85 EXISTENCE OF GOD IN THINGS Q. 8.
Page 135 and 136: 89 EXISTENCE OF GOD IN THINGS Q, 8.
Page 137 and 138: QUESTION IX. THE IMMUTABILITY OF GO
Page 139 and 140: 93 THE IMMUTABILITY OF GOD Q. 9. AK
Page 141 and 142: 95 THE IMMUTABILITY OF GOD Q. 9. AR
Page 143 and 144: QUESTION X. THE ETERNITY OF GOD. (I
Page 145 and 146: 99 THE ETERNITY OF GOD Q. io. _. 2
Page 147 and 148: lOt THE ETERNITY OF GOD Q. xo.AR_.3
Page 149 and 150: Io3 THE ETERNITY OF GOD Q. xo. Axe.
Page 151 and 152: Io5 THE ETERNITY OF GOD Q. lo. ART.
Page 153 and 154: zo7 THE ETERNITY OF GOD Q. io. ART.
Page 155 and 156: 1o 9 THE ETERNITY OF GOD Q. io. ART
Page 157 and 158: QUESTION XI. THE UNITY OF GOD. (In
Page 159 and 160: tl':_ THE UI_ITY OF_GoD Q. II. ART.
Page 161 and 162: 115 THE UNITY OF GOD Q.H. A_T.2 lik
Page 163 and 164: IX7 THE UNITY OF GOD O. Ix. ARx. 3
Page 165 and 166: I19 THE UNITY OF GOD Q. ix. ART. 4
Page 167 and 168: 2z HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US Q. i2. Ag
Page 169 and 170: I23 HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US Q. i2. A
Page 171 and 172: 125 HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US Q. x2.AR
Page 173 and 174: 127 HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US Q. x2. A
Page 175 and 176: 129 HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US Q. x2. A
Page 177 and 178: I3I HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US Q. x2. A
Page 179 and 180: x33 HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US Q. i2. A
Page 181 and 182: x35 HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US Q. x2. A
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137 HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US Q. x2. A
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139 HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US Q. x2. A
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z4z HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US Q. x2. A
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X43 HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US Q.xz. A,
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I45 HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US Q. I2. A
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1'47 HOW GOD IS KNOWN BY US Q. x2.A
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QUESTION XIII. THE NAMES OF GOD. (I
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151 THE NAMES OF GOD Q. x3. ARz.x R
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153 THE NAMES OF GOD Q. xs. ART. 2
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155 THE NAMES OF GOD Q. 13. ART. 3
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z57 THE NAMES OF GOD Q- _3. AR_.4 F
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x59 " THE NAMES OF GOD Q. x3. ART.5
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I6I THE NAMES OF GOD Q. x3. ART. 5
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x63 THE NAMES OF GOD Q. x3. ARz.6 I
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I6 5 THE NAMES OF GOD Q. x3. Awr.7
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s I67 THE NAMES OF GOD Q. x3. A_. 7
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I6 9 THE NAMES OF GOD Q. I3. ART. 8
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Tx THE NAMES OF GOD Q. _3. A_. 9 ma
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173 THE NAMES OF GOD Q. x3. AR_. io
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I75 THE NAMES OF GOD Q. I3. ARx. xx
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z77 THE NAMES OF GOD Q. 13. ARt. I2
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179 THE NAMES OF GOD Q. _3. A_. x2
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I8z GOD'S KNOWLEDGE Q. x4. AaT. x t
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z83 GOD'S KNOWLEDGE Q. I4. Aaz. 2 S
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I85 GOD'S KNOWLEDGE Q. *4.AR_.3 act
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187 GOD'S KNOWLEDGE Q. _4.AR_.4 FOU
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I89 GOD'S KNOWLEDGE Q. x4. A_. 5 ot
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191 GOD'S KNOWLEDGE Q._4.AR_.6 SIXT
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193 GOD'S KNOWLEDGE Q. x4.ART.6 Hen
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t95 GOD'S KNOWLEDGE Q. _4. Agr. 7 S
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197 GOD'S KNOWLEDGE Q. t4. A_. 8 Ob
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199 GOD'S KNOWLEDGE Q. _4. ART.9 On
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• oI GOD'S KNOWLEDGE Q. _4- ARx.
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2o 3 GOD'S KNOWLEDGE Q. x4. A_T. xz
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zo5 GOD'S KNOWLEDGE Q. I4. ART. ,2
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207 GOD'S KNOWLEDGE Q. x4. AxT.x3 c
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2o9 GOD'S KNOWLEDGE Q. _4-AR_.IS fo
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2II GOD'S KNOWLEDGE Q. 14. ART. x4
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_13 GOD'S KNOWLEDGE Q.*4.AR_.x5 Rep
Page 261 and 262:
zI5 GOD'S KNOWLEDGE Q. I4. A_x. i6
Page 263 and 264:
QUESTION XV. OF IDEAS. (Ill Three A
Page 265 and 266:
219 OF IDEAS Q. _5. ART.2 SECOND AR
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_ax OF IDEAS Q. I5. AR,. 2 accordin
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223 OF IDEAS Q. x5. ART.3 by God, e
Page 271 and 272:
225 CONCERNING TRUTH Q. I6. ART. I
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227 CONCERNING TRUTH Q. I6. ART. Z
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229 CONCERNING TRUTH O. x6. ART.3 i
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231 CONCERNING TRUTH Q. I6. ART. 4
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233 CONCERNING TRUTH Q. _6. A_x. 6
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235 CONCERNING TRUTH Q. _6. ART. 7
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z37 CONCERNING TRUTH Q. x6. ARX.8 s
Page 285 and 286:
239 CONCERNING TRUTH Q. x6. ART.S c
Page 287 and 288:
241 CONCERNING FALSITY Q. 17. ART.
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243 CONCERNING FALSITY Q. I7. A_T.2
Page 291 and 292:
245 CONCERNING FALSITY Q.17. ART. 3
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247 , CONCERNING FALSITY Q. i7. A_T
Page 295 and 296:
QUESTION XVIII. THE LIFE OF GOD. (I
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25I THE LIFE OF GOD 0. _8.AR_.2 mov
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253 THE LIFE OF GOD Q. I8. ART.3 Re
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255 THE LIFE OF GOD Q. _8.ART.3 sen
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257 THE LIFE OF GOD Q. I8. ART.4 th
Page 305 and 306:
QUESTION XIX. THE WILL OF GOD. (In
Page 307 and 308:
26I THE WILL OF GOD Q. _9.&RT.2 ess
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_63 THE WILL OF GOD Q. x9.ART.3 tho
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z65 THE WILL OF GOD Q. x9. ART. 3 e
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267 THE WILL OF GOD Q. 19.ART.4 sai
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269 THE WILL OF GOD O. x9. A_7.5 Ob
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27x THE WILL OF GOD Q. I9. A_T.S SI
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273 .THE WILL OF GOD Q. xg. ART.7 B
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275 THE WILL OF GOD Q, 19. AR:r. 7
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277 THE WILL OF GOD Q. I9. ART.8 fo
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_79 THE "WILL OF GOD Q. _9.ARX.9 On
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28I THE WILL OF GOD Q. 19.ART. I I
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283 THE WILL OF GOD Q. _9-AR_.is TW
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285 THE WILL OF GOD Q. I9. ART.I2 d
Page 333 and 334:
287 GOD'S LOVE Q. 20. ARV.i love: b
Page 335 and 336:
289 GOD'S LOVE Q. 2o. AR_.2 ourselv
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29I GOD'S LOVE Q. 20. ART. 3 Reply
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293 GOD'S LOVE Q.20.ART. 4 FOURTH A
Page 341 and 342:
295 GOD'S LOVE Q. 2o. ART. 4 sick s
Page 343 and 344:
QUESTION XXI. THE JUSTICE AND MERCY
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Z99 THE JUSTICE AND MERCY OF GOD Q.
Page 347 and 348:
3oi THE JUSTICE AND MERCY OF GOD Q.
Page 349 and 350:
303 THE JUSTICE AND MERCY OF GOD Q.
Page 351 and 352:
305 THE JUSTICE AND MERCY OF GOD Q.
Page 353 and 354:
3o7 THE PROVIDENCE OF GOD Q. 22. AR
Page 355 and 356:
3o9 THE PROVIDENCE OF GOD Q. 22. AR
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311 THE PROVIDENCE OF GOD Q.22.ART.
Page 359 and 360:
313 THE PROVIDENCE OF GOD Q. 22. AR
Page 361 and 362:
315 THE PROVIDENCE OF GOD Q. _2. AR
Page 363 and 364:
3I 7 THE PROVIDENCE OF GOD Q. 22. A
Page 365 and 366:
319 PREDESTINATION Q. 23. ART. Obj.
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32x PREDESTINATION Q. 23. Alcr. 2 S
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323 PREDESTINATION Q. 23. AR_.3 Rep
Page 371 and 372:
325 PREDESTINATION Q. 23. AR_.4 FOU
Page 373 and 374:
327 PREDESTINATION Q. 2 3. ART. 5 A
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329 PREDESTINATION Q-23. ART.5 of p
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33I PREDESTINATION Q. 23. ART.6 in
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333 PREDESTINATION Q. 23. A_T. 7 on
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335 PREDESTINATION Q. 23.ART.7 rupt
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337 PREDESTINATION 0. 23. A_T.8 hin
Page 385 and 386:
QUESTION XXIV. THE BOOK OF LIFE. (I
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34x THE BOOK OF LIFE Q. 24. ART.2 a
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343 THE BOOK OF LIFE Q. 24. ART.3 t
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QUESTION XXV. THE POWER OF GOD. (In
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347 THE POWER OF GOD Q. 25. A_T. 2
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349 THE POWER OF GOD Q. 25. ART. 3
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351 THE POWER OF GOD Q-25. ART-3 wo
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353 THE POWER OF GOD Q.2 5. ART. 4
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355 THE POWER OF GOD Q.25.ART. 5 Re
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357 THE POWER OF GOD Q. 25. ART. th
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359 THE POWER OF GOD Q. 2 5. ART. 6
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QUESTION XXVI. OF THE DIVINE BEATIT
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363_., THE DIVINE BEATITUDE Q. 26.
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365 THE DIVINE BEATITUDE Q. 26. ART
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