Agriculture%20at%20a%20Crossroads_Global%20Report%20(English)

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IAASTD International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development Global Report
Page 1: Agriculture at a Crossroads Crossro
Page 5 and 6: Copyright © 2009 IAASTD. All right
Page 8 and 9: Statement by Governments All countr
Page 10 and 11: Preface In August 2002, the World B
Page 12: organizations have provided in-kind
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44 | IAASTD Global Report viously h
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46 | IAASTD Global Report a person
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54 | IAASTD Global Report IUCN. 200
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68 | IAASTD Global Report over the
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90 | IAASTD Global Report Box 2-2.
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94 | IAASTD Global Report 2.3.1.4 I
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96 | IAASTD Global Report have been
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98 | IAASTD Global Report geographi
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106 | IAASTD Global Report ments of
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120 | IAASTD Global Report Al-Babil
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122 | IAASTD Global Report Availabl
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124 | IAASTD Global Report agricult
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126 | IAASTD Global Report EC (Euro
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128 | IAASTD Global Report panna.or
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130 | IAASTD Global Report Hayenga,
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132 | IAASTD Global Report Jutsum,
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134 | IAASTD Global Report Mazoyer
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136 | IAASTD Global Report Oxfam Am
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138 | IAASTD Global Report studies
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140 | IAASTD Global Report Stern, V
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142 | IAASTD Global Report Increasi
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3 Impacts of Akst on Development an
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functions required for achieving su
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Figure 3-1. Global trends in cereal
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The breeding and dissemination of M
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ciated with productivity enhancing
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Figure 3-4. Agricultural water with
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Figure 3-5. Current yield potential
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successful vegetative propagation (
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However, in Bangladesh, hatchery-pr
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a global scale the quantity of acti
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mia (iron deficiency) affects 37% o
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development and their impacts will
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estore biodiversity, improve soil p
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Soil and moisture conservation, and
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Remote sensing and geographical inf
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water-holding capacity, and the phy
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in local markets (ICRAF, 1996; 1997
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With enhanced marketing they have t
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helping to control pests, diseases,
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Yields in organic agriculture are t
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fications of hydrological systems a
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Guatemala, Zea mexicana (teosinte),
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on Plant Genetic Resources for Food
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Climate change results in new pest
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and produce energy (Balce, et al.,
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people (small-scale farmers, landle
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dietary changes have contributed to
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major effects on consumption patter
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where large scale infrastructure ha
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agricultural employment opportuniti
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Culture and tradition are important
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unrest (Sperling et al., 2004). The
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The World Agroforestry Centre is an
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security is growing as men migrate
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induced damage and encouragement of
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world population (Tribe, 1994), and
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discovery of animal feed Bt-corn in
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neo-classical economic theory which
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In Australia, multifunctionality ha
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This Chapter has presented an analy
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and often rather specific positive
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in winter wheat yields since 1900 a
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Bryceson, D.F. 1999. African rural
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and conventional farming. Agric. Ec
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degradation: an overview. In Bridge
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Gautam, M. 2000. Agricultural Exten
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at http://www.css.cornell.edu/facul
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Kojima, M., and T. Johnson. 2005. T
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Longping, Y. 2004. Hybrid rice for
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India. AgBioForum 8:1-6. Available
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Pearce, D., and S. Mourato. 2004. T
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Available at http://www.unu.edu/ un
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Smith, K.A., and F. Conen. 2004. Im
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Vol. 2, Background papers of the In
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Wood, S., K. Sebastian, and S.J. Sc
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256 | IAASTD Global Report Key Mess
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262 | IAASTD Global Report This not
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292 | IAASTD Global Report Bioenerg
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294 | IAASTD Global Report Table 4-
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296 | IAASTD Global Report than for
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300 | IAASTD Global Report regions
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302 | IAASTD Global Report indicato
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304 | IAASTD Global Report OECD. 20
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5 Looking into the Future for Agric
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of appropriate fishing practices an
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Table 5-1. Overview of quantitative
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of gear including trawlers, nets, t
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Table 5-2. Population growth. Looki
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Figure 5-2. Per capita availability
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egion, average crop yield growth wi
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Box 5-1. Outcomes for China. China
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Figure 5-8. Average daily calorie a
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Table 5-13. Total water consumptive
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Figure 5-11. Total energy use, refe
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Figure 5-15. Change in potential cr
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Looking Into the Future for Agricul
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Figure 5-27. Projected impacts on g
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Box 5-2. continued Table 5-31. Aver
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Box 5-2. continued growth in SSA an
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Figure 5-31. Cereal feed, food and
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Table 5-18. Selected international
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food can be met by improving land a
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Table 5-22. Challenges for AKST. Re
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able 5-24. Change in average crop y
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5.5.1.2 Impacts of development Deve
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needs to those who rely on others f
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the environment could lead to great
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provement in food security for the
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ary schooling, the ratio of female
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ity of a grid cell for agricultural
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A.5.3.2 Model structure and data GT
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Table A.5.6 Overview of major uncer
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Table A.5.8 Overview of major uncer
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which annual average stocking rates
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the Arctic and montane forests). Th
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Predator prey interactions are mode
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Fonseca, J.M. 2006. Post-harvest ha
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Rosegrant, M.W., X. Cai, and S.A. C
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6 Options to Enhance the Impact of
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aquaculture systems or integrated c
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Table 6-2. AKST options for address
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Table 6-2. continued AKST potential
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Africa, nutrient depletion is wides
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hoods. New pest invasions, and the
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ased on a questionnaire scoring met
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availability, high flexibility). In
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netic engineering, to create geneti
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2003; Jackson and Linsley, 2004; Ja
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mity of marketed products (Leakey e
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ased fisheries management needs to
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Claassen, 2005) and arbuscular myco
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more withdrawals of water for agric
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Figure 6-3. Sequential reuse of dra
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to the poor (Shah et al., 2000). Cr
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pabilities, and training and auditi
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indigenous organisms, e.g., ecotoxi
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Options to Enhance the Impact of AK
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munications, and distance education
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tion. For example the current scale
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Box 6-2. The importance of crop var
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and by changing from urea to ammoni
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Table 6-5. Land area requirements f
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no consensus on magnitude or even d
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Barany, M., A.L. Hammett, R.R.B. Le
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De la Cruz, C.R. (ed) 1994. Role of
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and ecology. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 43:
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La Malfa, G., and C. Leonardi. 2001
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http://www.agnet.org/library/abstra
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a synthesis of the ACCELERATES proj
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systems: issues and challenges. Fie
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7 Options for Enabling Policies and
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Revising SPS-related policy and reg
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• Mobilize finance for conservati
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without subsidies. In countries whe
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for Responsible Fisheries No. 5. De
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detailed water market mechanisms ma
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7.2.2 Policy challenges and tradeof
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Figure 7-2. Level playing field. So
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Figure 7-4. Poorest countries lose
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Figure 7-7. Cost of coffee between
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lenging, but attractive rural devel
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A key objective of PES schemes is t
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well as better access to informatio
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country governments that are negoti
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capacity building for food safety t
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of Salmonella occurred when contami
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encourage the inclusion of other st
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systems could be viewed as investme
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IP and genetic resources in ABS agr
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Another compliance cost is the need
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sion of its sovereignty offshore; a
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Farmers may innovate at the system
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“asal bapak senang” that may be
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Campos, M.T., and D.C. Nepstad. 200
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2003. Environmental regulation duri
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OIE (World Organization for Animal
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schemes deliver substantial biodive
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496 | IAASTD Global Report Key Mess
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498 | IAASTD Global Report group in
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506 | IAASTD Global Report ing with
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516 | IAASTD Global Report growth,
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520 | IAASTD Global Report 55% of s
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522 | IAASTD Global Report gies (e.
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524 | IAASTD Global Report penditur
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526 | IAASTD Global Report 1999). H
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528 | IAASTD Global Report Governan
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530 | IAASTD Global Report the fund
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532 | IAASTD Global Report be of sh
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534 | IAASTD Global Report based in
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536 | IAASTD Global Report informal
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538 | IAASTD Global Report Tradeoff
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540 | IAASTD Global Report For AKST
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542 | IAASTD Global Report interest
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544 | IAASTD Global Report Bardhan,
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546 | IAASTD Global Report Gundward
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548 | IAASTD Global Report impact a
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550 | IAASTD Global Report 6949~pag
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552 | Annex A Patrick Dugué • Ce
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554 | Annex A Sandra Brown • Winr
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556 | Annex B Sophie Valleix • Ce
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558 | Annex B Janet Stewart • CAB
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Annex C Glossary Agriculture A link
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562 | Annex C earned in kind (e.g.,
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564 | Annex C intensive, substituti
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566 | Annex C farmers and other sta
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Annex D Acronyms, Abbreviations and
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570 | Annex D IWMI International Wa
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Annex E Steering Committee for Cons
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574 | Annex E Advisory Bureau Non-g
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Annex G Reservations on Global Repo
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578 | IAASTD Global Report AKST imp
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580 | IAASTD Global Report Conserva
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582 | IAASTD Global Report Free-Air
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584 | IAASTD Global Report Intellec
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586 | IAASTD Global Report Natural
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588 | IAASTD Global Report Seeds of
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590 | IAASTD Global Report Water Us
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