Camera Lucida and Camera Obscura - the Scientia Review

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O P T I C S The prefix fract is a Latin root meaning break. Refraction refers to the light breaking, in a sense, when it hits a new material. R E F R A C T I O N S As light travels through different substanc- es other than air, such as glass or water, its speed can change. When the speed of light changes it bends and causes refraction. The light bends toward the line perpendicular to the plane of the new substance. Dif- ferent types of lenses use refraction to alter the image or to change the direction of the image. Cameras also use refraction to flip an image upside down and to capture it. 6
O P T I C S Prisms can be made with just a translucent tank of water and some light. P R I S M S A common demonstration of refractions is done with a triangular prism of glass that breaks white light into the colors of the rain- bow. This shaped piece of glass is called a prism. Using geometry, scientists can evaluate the index of refraction, or how much the angle of the light changes, for a specific material. 7
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