Indonesia: Peoples and Histories - Tengku Muhammad Dhani Iqbal

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EARLY BEGINNINGS too. Experts’ skills were portable and enabled them to work for multiple employers. Most probably did not travel directly from India to jobs in the Indonesian archipelago. They were an international set of men distinguished by their mastery of some branch of Sanskrit learning. They found jobs in palaces and religious communities as professional writers, flatterers, philosophers, librarians, vocational teachers, and guardians of devotional cults. Brahmin is the single term covering many paid occupations, all of them linked to literacy. The term includes men who were celibate and men who lived in families, holy men and men of affairs. Essential to the definition is the link to ruling families as paid employee, beneficiary, and sycophant. The heads of archipelago ports who employed brahmins adopted titles and royal names used by princes of Indian states. These titles were familiar to the Indian merchants whom they allowed to settle in their ports. Archipelago men who took the Indian titles of raja or maharaja, and added the Indian royal suffix -varman to their names, advertised their position as ruler to newcomers. The origins of Indonesian states are located in the fifth century of the Common Era, because it is from this period that use of these titles can be established. INDONESIAN MAHARAJAS Heads of Southeast Asian ports who were the principal traders in their home region and who used royal titles and reign names in vogue in Indian kingdoms formed an international set. Inscriptions chiseled into seven stone pillars (called yupa posts) tell the story of the rise in fortune and pretensions of a local family that controlled territory near today’s city of Kutai in east Kalimantan in the fifth century c.e. The pillars, erected on the command of King Mulavarman, record his victories in battle, his generosity to brahmins, and his princely genealogy. Inscriptions on stone from west Java, also in Sanskrit and also dated to the fifth century c.e., announce decrees of another archipelago member belonging to the club for royals, Purnavarman, king of Tarumanegara. 19
EARLY BEGINNINGS [To view this image, refer to the print version of this title.] Yupa Post from Kalimantan, early fifth century c.e. Sanskrit words preserved on stone in Pallava script tell the story of a family that controlled territory near Kutai in east Kalimantan. King Mulavarman’s victories, his generosity to brahmins, and his princely genealogy are recorded on seven yupa posts. National Museum, Jakarta, D 2 c. Photo courtesy of the Lontar Foundation. By their pursuit and possession of Indian things, archipelago men transformed the hubs of commerce from which they operated. Principal traders used their new wealth to invent an imagined India. In port and countryside their wealth and contacts resulted in the construction of stone and brick temples modeled on temples in India, embellished with carvings inspired by Indian temple wall carvings, housing sculptures of gods carved out of stone according to the rules of Hindu or Buddhist iconography. Port rulers insti- 20
Page 2: INDONESIA
Page 5 and 6: Published with assistance from the
Page 8 and 9: CONTENTS List of Capsules ix List o
Page 10 and 11: CAPSULES Rice 8 Graves as History 1
Page 12 and 13: CAPSULES The Spice Islands: Indones
Page 14: CAPSULES Another Path to Paradise:
Page 17 and 18: ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS Dutch and In
Page 19 and 20: PREFACE the societies of the other
Page 21 and 22: PREFACE The sources are arranged in
Page 23 and 24: The Republic of Indonesia and Neigh
Page 25 and 26: INTRODUCTION youths who wanted to a
Page 27 and 28: INTRODUCTION religious causes; its
Page 29 and 30: 6 Early Kingdoms in the Western Arc
Page 31 and 32: EARLY BEGINNINGS munities of the pa
Page 33 and 34: EARLY BEGINNINGS facts. Nor can the
Page 35 and 36: EARLY BEGINNINGS or for the beauty
Page 37 and 38: EARLY BEGINNINGS Pre-industrial com
Page 39 and 40: EARLY BEGINNINGS HINDUISM AND BUDDH
Page 41: EARLY BEGINNINGS donesian chiefs, a
Page 45 and 46: EARLY BEGINNINGS tuted the calendar
Page 47 and 48: EARLY BEGINNINGS royal patronage of
Page 49 and 50: EARLY BEGINNINGS SRIVIJAYA AND INDO
Page 51 and 52: COMMUNITIES AND KINGDOMS struction
Page 53 and 54: COMMUNITIES AND KINGDOMS Pillars er
Page 55 and 56: COMMUNITIES AND KINGDOMS tury of ro
Page 57 and 58: COMMUNITIES AND KINGDOMS rice and f
Page 59 and 60: COMMUNITIES AND KINGDOMS scriptions
Page 61 and 62: COMMUNITIES AND KINGDOMS [To view t
Page 63 and 64: COMMUNITIES AND KINGDOMS trees grew
Page 65 and 66: COMMUNITIES AND KINGDOMS The Borobu
Page 67 and 68: COMMUNITIES AND KINGDOMS guardians
Page 69 and 70: COMMUNITIES AND KINGDOMS Participat
Page 71 and 72: COMMUNITIES AND KINGDOMS Palm leave
Page 73 and 74: COMMUNITIES AND KINGDOMS in Kaliman
Page 75 and 76: COMMUNITIES AND KINGDOMS goods and
Page 77 and 78: COMMUNITIES AND KINGDOMS vided fore
Page 79 and 80: COMMUNITIES AND KINGDOMS peoples wh
Page 81 and 82: COMMUNITIES AND KINGDOMS Forms of h
Page 83 and 84: 3 SULTANS AND STATES Histories Thro
Page 85 and 86: SULTANS AND STATES ness. In differe
Page 87 and 88: SULTANS AND STATES then to Sri Lank
Page 89 and 90: SULTANS AND STATES Linking Indian,
Page 91 and 92: SULTANS AND STATES THE KORAN, SHARI
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SULTANS AND STATES tan and caliph t
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SULTANS AND STATES cheaper and inte
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SULTANS AND STATES The first rulers
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SULTANS AND STATES arrived, sent by
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SULTANS AND STATES Jati is a native
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SULTANS AND STATES on a ship laden
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SULTANS AND STATES Indonesian archi
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SULTANS AND STATES monial cleansing
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SULTANS AND STATES knees or ankles,
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4 MONARCHS, MENTORS, AND MOBILE MEN
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MONARCHS, MENTORS, AND MOBILE MEN v
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MONARCHS, MENTORS, AND MOBILE MEN c
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MONARCHS, MENTORS, AND MOBILE MEN [
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MONARCHS, MENTORS, AND MOBILE MEN l
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MONARCHS, MENTORS, AND MOBILE MEN r
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MONARCHS, MENTORS, AND MOBILE MEN f
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MONARCHS, MENTORS, AND MOBILE MEN s
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MONARCHS, MENTORS, AND MOBILE MEN T
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MONARCHS, MENTORS, AND MOBILE MEN T
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MONARCHS, MENTORS, AND MOBILE MEN P
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MONARCHS, MENTORS, AND MOBILE MEN t
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NEWCOMERS IN THE MUSLIM CIRCLE the
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NEWCOMERS IN THE MUSLIM CIRCLE the
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NEWCOMERS IN THE MUSLIM CIRCLE Indo
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NEWCOMERS IN THE MUSLIM CIRCLE plac
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NEWCOMERS IN THE MUSLIM CIRCLE loca
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NEWCOMERS IN THE MUSLIM CIRCLE tere
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NEWCOMERS IN THE MUSLIM CIRCLE KING
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NEWCOMERS IN THE MUSLIM CIRCLE pros
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NEWCOMERS IN THE MUSLIM CIRCLE cent
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NEWCOMERS IN THE MUSLIM CIRCLE Sail
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NEWCOMERS IN THE MUSLIM CIRCLE in n
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NEWCOMERS IN THE MUSLIM CIRCLE tugu
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NEWCOMERS IN THE MUSLIM CIRCLE comp
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6 INSIDE INDONESIAN SULTANATES Dutc
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INSIDE INDONESIAN SULTANATES Matara
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INSIDE INDONESIAN SULTANATES ters.
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INSIDE INDONESIAN SULTANATES Batavi
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INSIDE INDONESIAN SULTANATES ing eq
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INSIDE INDONESIAN SULTANATES Batavi
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INSIDE INDONESIAN SULTANATES nelled
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INSIDE INDONESIAN SULTANATES dians
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INSIDE INDONESIAN SULTANATES cated
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INSIDE INDONESIAN SULTANATES VOC of
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INSIDE INDONESIAN SULTANATES way fo
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INSIDE INDONESIAN SULTANATES Agung.
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INSIDE INDONESIAN SULTANATES naries
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INSIDE INDONESIAN SULTANATES MAKASA
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INSIDE INDONESIAN SULTANATES himsel
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INSIDE INDONESIAN SULTANATES Europe
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7 NEW AND OLD STATES Freelancers, P
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NEW AND OLD STATES the fringes of s
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NEW AND OLD STATES connected jago.
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NEW AND OLD STATES Trunajaya made o
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NEW AND OLD STATES and husbands. (H
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NEW AND OLD STATES were light enoug
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NEW AND OLD STATES were the first r
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NEW AND OLD STATES cities in China.
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NEW AND OLD STATES trained against
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NEW AND OLD STATES Surakarta. He to
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NEW AND OLD STATES erful inner forc
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NEW AND OLD STATES Mataram capital.
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NEW AND OLD STATES habitat being us
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NEW AND OLD STATES diagrams of the
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NEW AND OLD STATES SMALLPOX AND SLA
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NEW AND OLD STATES Some Dutch men w
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NEW AND OLD STATES mobile man. In S
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NEW AND OLD STATES spilling out of
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MAPS AND MENTALITY ily ties and lon
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MAPS AND MENTALITY Southeast Asia.
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MAPS AND MENTALITY as Sultan Badr a
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MAPS AND MENTALITY and customs of o
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MAPS AND MENTALITY lawesi, Buginese
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MAPS AND MENTALITY and Holland dema
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MAPS AND MENTALITY were rented out
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MAPS AND MENTALITY The British of R
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MAPS AND MENTALITY A Javanese accou
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MAPS AND MENTALITY Indianized Java
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MAPS AND MENTALITY outside the pala
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MAPS AND MENTALITY Diponegoro was f
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MAPS AND MENTALITY tured. Princes q
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MAPS AND MENTALITY heritable by the
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9 MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY Bringin
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MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY senior In
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MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY into full
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MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY work spac
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MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY idence by
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MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY Following
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MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY ernment,
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MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY [To view
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MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY in a hous
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MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY charge of
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MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY digenous
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MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY the inter
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MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY For Indon
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MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY vesting i
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MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY Dutch gui
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MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY abuse, bl
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MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY could gro
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MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY in cargo
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[To view this image, refer to the p
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MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY as he beg
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MANY KINGDOMS, ONE COLONY In 1866 S
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BREAKING DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN POWE
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K artosuwiryo BREAKING DEPENDENCE O
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11 REARRANGING MAP AND MIND Japan a
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REARRANGING MAP AND MIND neighborin
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REARRANGING MAP AND MIND politics,
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REARRANGING MAP AND MIND problems w
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REARRANGING MAP AND MIND TOOLS OF M
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REARRANGING MAP AND MIND laborers,
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REARRANGING MAP AND MIND The milita
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REARRANGING MAP AND MIND the Japane
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REARRANGING MAP AND MIND TAKAO FUSA
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REARRANGING MAP AND MIND SYAHRIR: W
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REARRANGING MAP AND MIND rilla and
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REARRANGING MAP AND MIND fought by
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REARRANGING MAP AND MIND the republ
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REARRANGING MAP AND MIND and raised
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REARRANGING MAP AND MIND parties, o
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12 MAJAPAHIT VISIONS Sukarno and Su
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS putting down trou
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS The governments h
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS of great numbers
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS to flee into the
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS The Indonesian na
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS Jakarta politicia
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS Madiun in 1948 pi
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS and in August he
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS KILLING SQUADS IN
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS BURU EXILE: DEVEL
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS sians together. U
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS The public face o
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS In such condition
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS advanced courses
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS [To view this ima
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS [To view this ima
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS donesian settleme
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS by the nation’s
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS arrival of United
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS ernment, transpor
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS by New Order econ
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MAJAPAHIT VISIONS forces hold in pu
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GLOSSARY adat—custom, lore, way o
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GLOSSARY the way to draw all Indone
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Caldwell, Ian (1997).
Page 417 and 418:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Jordaan, Roy E., and R
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Geertz, Clifford (1963
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Nests,” in Roderich
Page 423 and 424:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Heuken, Adolf (1982).
Page 425 and 426:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Houben, V. J. H. (1994
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Canberra: Australian N
Page 429 and 430:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Husken, Frans (1994).
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Fusayama, Takao (1993)
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Anderson, B. R. O’G.
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Abdulmafakir Mahmud Abdulkadir, Sul
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Dayak, 196-198, 218 Debates: repres
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guage of Christian churches and sch
Page 442 and 443:
tion, 138; in Batavia, 153, 179; in
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Indonesia: Peoples and Histories - Tengku Muhammad Dhani Iqbal

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