The universal geography : earth and its inhabitants

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264 \\'EST AFEICA. The Yorubas are also clever artisans, and every village has its potters, smiths, Mm« Fig. 116.—Isi-Ainj SCENEET, Slave Coast. launers. , saddlers, weavers, and dyers. They make their own agricultural imple-
THE TOGO TEEEITORY. 2G5 merits, but the white and blue cottons formerly exported to Brazil have been driven out of the market by Manchester goods. As builders the Yorubas excel all natives of Africa, some of their palaces comprising as many as fifty rooms. The doors and friezes of the verandahs are embellished with carvings representing scenes of war or the chase, fantastic animals and religious symbols. They have a special veneration for the furniture made of sassa, because this wood often creaks and moans, especiall}' at night. Although unacquainted with letters, they are said to have had little knotted cords for recording events, like the Peruvian quippos. The power of the Yoruba obbas, or hereditary kings, is limited by usage, while each town has its semi-independent chief, appointed by the sovereign, and enjoA-ing royal prerogatives. Chiefs and governors alike are assisted by councils of the notables, and on great emergencies the whole people are occasionaUv sum- moned to a general national assembly. The authorities are also held in check b)' the aboni, a powerful secret society, whose members are bound together by solemn oaths. They are at once judges and executioners, all sentences being carried out by themselves. As in Dahomey, the kings were formerly followed to the grave by a numerous suite of ministers, women, and slaves, the latter massacred by force, the former politely invited to drink the poisoned cup. Belief in ghosts is universal, and the most minute precautions are taken to prevent the return of departed friends. Theii' arms are buried beyond the gates of the city, and are thus concealed from the owners who might happen to return at night from the other world. The bodies of children are thrown away in the forests, all premature deaths being ascribed to the e-sil spirits, who are thus circumvented. But the old nature-worship has been greatly modified during the last four hundred years by the influence both of the Portuguese and of the Filani (Fulahs), and other Mohammedans advancing from the interior. The Obba-el-Orun, or "King of Heaven," has been gradually confounded either with the God of the Christians or the Allah of the Mussulmans. He is even called Obba-t-Alla, or " Lord Allah," and has been diversely associated with the tribal traditions and missionary legends. Certain rites practised in several places along the coast are evidently of CathoKc origin, introduced by the Portuguese or Brazilians. But all forms of religion are gradually giving way to Islam, which is everywhere preached by the traders from the banks of the Niger. Togo. The hitherto unknown term Togo has suddenly acquired a certain political importance, since it has been adopted as the name of the western district on the British frontier occupied in 188-1 by the Germans. According to Zoller this territory, of nearly quadrilateral form, is about 22 miles long both ways, with an area of 520 square miles, and a population roughly estimated at forty thousand. More recent inland annexations in the Krapi and Mina territories have consider- VOI,. XII. T
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M"^'*^: k^"'"^' >;.^ . ^:* ^/^
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LISRAi?Y ^FTME UNIVERSITY of ILLINO
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THE EARTH AND ITS INHABITANTS THE U
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CnAP. CONTEXTS. I. The Cextrai. isi
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LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS. PAGE 1. The
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FTO. lOi). 101. 10-2. 103. 104. 10.
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THE UNIVEESAL GEOGRAPHY. WEST AFRIC
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CHANGES IN THE RELIEF OF THE ATLA>;
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THE AZOELiX WATERS. 5 drawn between
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RELIEF, GEOLOGY, AXD TEMTEEATUBE OF
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TEMPERATURE OF THE AZORIAN BASIX. g
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ATMOSPHEEIC CUEEENTS OF THE AZOEIAN
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MAEESTE CUEEEXT3 OF THE AZOEIAN B^V
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THE GUIXEA WATEES. ir, American coa
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THE GUINEA STEEAM. 17 two insular g
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THE GUIXKA STREAM. 19 current flowi
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TEMPERATURE—FAUNA. 21 Guinea wate
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CHAPTER II. "\^"EST AFRIC-iN ISLAIS
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CLtMATE OF THE AZOEES. 25 western g
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FLORA OF THE AZOBES. 27 gardens. Th
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INHABITAlSrTS OF THE AZOEES. 29 Eff
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INHABITANTS OF THE AZORES. 31 tour
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TOPOGEAPnr OF THE AZOEES. 33 indust
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TOPOGRAPHY OF THE AZOEES. STuninlt
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ilBRAK^ OF THE iJNIVERSITy of ILLIN
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38 WEST AFRICA. hoiu-s it was alrca
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40 WEST AJTEICA. and vapour at a te
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42 WEST AFEICA. San-Jorge, and from
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44 WEST ATBICA. encircled by deep w
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46 WEST AFRICA. falls little short
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48 "U'Ei'T AFRICA. from the normtil
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50 WEST AFRICA. uudergonc Ijut slig
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62 WEST AFRICA. favoured climate. S
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OF THE UNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS.
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64 WEST AFRICA. Topography. The pre
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56 WEST AFRICA. a Genoese fleet had
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West of Grvemnch. GOMERA f'Jf Tmo S
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GEOLOGY OP THE CANAEIES. 57 gucse p
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FLOEA OF THE CANAEIES. 59 The C;mar
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INHAEITAiiTS OF TIIE CANAEIES. Gl t
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INHABITANTS OF THE CANARIES. 63 bei
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a o 5 So TXFATiTTANTR OF THE CANAEI
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T^NZAEOTE. 67 and one of them is ue
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GEAN CANAEIA. C9 cone rising above
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GRAN CANABIA. 71 fathoms of water f
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TENEEITFE. 73 Sierra de Teno, datin
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TENEEIFFE. 75 land and sea, but in
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GOMEEA. 77 a strait 17 miles wide.
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PALMA. 79 San-Sclasiian, the capita
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ADMINISTEATION OF THE CANAEIES. 81
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C^VPE \T3ED ISLAISTDS. 83 Santa-Luz
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CAPE VEED ISLANDS. 85 The general s
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CAPE YEED ISLAJfDS. 87 labour throu
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CAPE YEED ISLANDS. 89 laud of the a
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.'(,'tl O S5 a o 6
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CAPE VEED ISLANDS. 91 Saixt Yixxext
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CAPE VEED ISLANDS. 93 feet, a ruine
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CAPE VEED ISLANDS. 95 combines in h
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TRISTAM DA CUNHA. 97 also figured o
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LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY of U\N01b
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100 WEST AFRICA. soldiers obtained
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102 "WEST APEICA. Climate. The grow
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104 WEST AFEICA. about 1840, and wl
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LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY of ILLlNO
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106 WEST AFEICA. vessels to seek sh
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108 "WEST AFRICA. the guinea-fowl.
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110 WEST AFRICA. Fig. 43. Cascade o
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112 WEST APEICA. features in its na
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114 WEST AFEICA. divided into two s
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116 WEST APEIOA. different race of
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118 WEST AFEIOA. exiles have return
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]20 WEST AFEICA. Futa-Jallon highla
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122 WEST AFRICA. first expedition i
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124 "WEST AFEIOA. This highland sys
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126 WEST AFEICA. coherence. Tliej'
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128 WEST AFEICA. are no longer dire
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Leyb, Gandon -Dialakhar Rao Poundio
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SENECJAL BASIX AXD FUTA-JALLON. 129
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TKE SENEGAL BASIN. 131 flow in the
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THE SEXEGAL DELTA. 133 surprisingly
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FLOEA OF SENEGAL. 136 During the fo
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FAUNA OF SENEGAL. 137 a thorny zizy
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INHABITANTS OF SENEGAL. 189 women a
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THE WOLOFS. 141 and the Gambia. The
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THE SEEEBS. 143 The "Wolofs are tho
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THE SAEAKOLES. 146 inclining to red
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THE FULAHS. 147 between the Senegal
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THE TOUCOTJLEUES. 149 the images of
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Pi E-" a < < cs < a C-i
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TEADE OP SENEGAL. 151 peans can onl
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MIXEEALS OF SE>rEGAL—GOLD-iUXIXG.
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POLITICAL STATE OF SENEGAL. 155 vra
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TOPOGRAPETT OF SE^'EGAJ.. 157 as fa
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TOPOGEAPHT OF SENEGAL. 159 The Argu
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UBRAP.Y OF THE UNIVERSITY of ILLINO
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162 WEST AFRICA. mines. But " the g
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TOPOaRAPHY OF SENEGAL. 163 of their
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TOPOGRAPHY OF SENEGAL. 165 however,
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ABillNISTEATION OF FUTA-JALLON. 167
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ADiOXISTEATIOX OF SENEGAL. 169 form
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±'''^£-
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FLOEA OF GAMBLL 173 Noirot, Ke to t
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THE 11A^T)IXGANS. 175 tremendous po
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DISTRICT OF IL^"TOE. 177 situated f
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CASAMANZA BASIN. 179 stations, and
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FELUP TYPES
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CASAMANZA BASIX. 181 ctarms, and ho
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GUINfi. 183 channels danoreroiis to
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THE BISSAGOS AECHIPELAGO. 185 which
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IXIIABIT/VNTS OP GUIXE. 187 ciiddle
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BUJAGO TYPES AND TEKMtKS' KEST.
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INHABITANTS OF GTJINE. 189 bad luck
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THE SOUrn SEXEGAMBIAN EIYERS. 101 b
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THE LOS LSLANDS. 198 is of perfectl
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THE SU-SU TEIBE. 195 vras a Su-Su t
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SIEKEA-LEONE. I97 people now mostly
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SIEERA-LEONE. 199 bristles witli ca
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SIEBEA-LEOXE. 201 degrees, from 75"
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SIEEEA-LEONE. 203 Inhabitants. The
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SIEEEA-LEONi:. 205 N'orth-east of t
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SIEREA-LEONE. 207 dailv gaining gro
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. ^ SIEEBA-LEONE. 209 out among the
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iSlEKEA-LEONE. 211 Administration.
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LIBERIA. 213 After the first diffic
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LIBEEIA. 216 quadrilateral, stretch
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KEOOSIEN.
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LIBERIA. 217 the morning, following
Page 267 and 268: LIBEELV. Bassas, the Kroos south of
Page 269 and 270: LIBEELV. 221 jocular Euglisli uickn
Page 271 and 272: LIBERIA. 223 The foreign trade of L
Page 273 and 274: LIBERIA. 225 liave a school and a m
Page 275 and 276: LIBEEIA. 227 beeD several times occ
Page 277 and 278: THE IVORY COAST. 229 and Maryland.
Page 279 and 280: THE IVOEY COAST. 231 Bassam mouth,
Page 281 and 282: THE KING OF ASSINI.
Page 283 and 284: INHABITANTS OF THE IVORY COAST. 233
Page 285 and 286: THE GOLD COAST. from the interior a
Page 287 and 288: THE GOLD COAST. 237 Physical Featur
Page 289 and 290: CLIMATE OF THE GOLD COAST. 239 In t
Page 292 and 293: OF Th r. UHiVERSlTVof ILUNUib,
Page 294 and 295: 242 "WEST AFRICA, differs, except i
Page 296 and 297: 244 WEST AFEICA. of the ilandingans
Page 298 and 299: 246 WEST AI"EICA. all the bottles a
Page 300 and 301: 248 WEST APKICA. command the Ancobr
Page 302 and 303: LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY of ItLINO
Page 304 and 305: 250 WEST APEICA. route leading thro
Page 306 and 307: 252 WEST AFEICA. Between Accra and
Page 308 and 309: 254 WEST AFEICA. protecting fetish.
Page 310 and 311: 256 WEST AFRICA. European traders.
Page 312 and 313: 253 WEST AFEICA. for a considerable
Page 314 and 315: 2C0 WEST AFEICA. Steamers already p
Page 316 and 317: 262 "NTOST AFRICA. war dances are p
Page 320 and 321: 266 WEST AFRICA. ably increased the
Page 322: 2G8 Fig. 118. -Dahomey and Axuda Co
Page 325 and 326: POETO-XOYO. 269 Botli places are co
Page 327 and 328: LAGOS. 271 In the basin of the Okpa
Page 329 and 330: a TOETJBA. 273 Tbndan, till recentl
Page 331 and 332: CHAPTER VII. THE NIGER BASIN. Gexer
Page 333 and 334: THE NIGEE. 271 expeditiou up the Co
Page 335 and 336: W I fee THE NIGEE. 279 in four mont
Page 337 and 338: THE NIGEE. 281 The Upper ajju SIidd
Page 339 and 340: THE MIDDLE NIGER. 283 of obelisks,
Page 341 and 342: THE BENTJE. 285 the largest headstr
Page 343 and 344: THE BENTJE. 287 direction in valley
Page 345 and 346: THE TOUCOULETJE EMPIEE. 289 ing the
Page 347 and 348: THE BAMBAEAS. 291 Inhabitants of th
Page 349 and 350: YOUNG BAMBAEAS.
Page 351 and 352: TOWNS OF THE UPPER NIGER. 293 resid
Page 353 and 354: BAlIAJnj. 295 noi;v "protected " by
Page 355 and 356: MASSINA. 297 between Jallonke-diigu
Page 357 and 358: Irl O M z
Page 359 and 360: MASSINA. 299 point from Bamuku reac
Page 361 and 362: THE SONGHAIS. 301 collective name o
Page 363 and 364: TIMBTJKTU. 803 Songhai of Timbuktu,
Page 365 and 366: GAEU.—DOEE.—SAI. 805 when some
Page 367 and 368: HAUSSA LAXD. 307 esh'mates of ten m
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HAUSSA LAND. 309 plants the most ^d
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HAUSSA LAND. 811 presence in Sokoto
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KATSENA. 813 thousand persons rende
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WUBNO—SOKOTO. 315 raised on the s
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GANDO. 817 the capital of "West Hau
Page 379 and 380:
TATIRI—BTJSSA. 319 present the la
Page 381 and 382:
s;0NnilioAllsa3AiNf 3 HI do
Page 383:
R NICER \ / Aktu; AssaWa Ebo .'^
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322 WEST AFEICA. recent foundation,
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824 WEST AFEICA. Wurno. Imperial de
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326 WEST AFEICA. vallevs into disti
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328 WEST AFEICA. seen, is very comm
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330 WEST AFEICA. eveiywhere cultiva
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832 WEST AFEICA. venenosum), whicli
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334 "^VEST Ai-RICA. North-east of Y
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336 WEST AFEICA. (Kogna), from the
Page 402 and 403:
LIBRARY OF THE INIVERSITyoftLLlNOiS
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338 WEST AFRICA. aud has also the a
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340 WEST AFEICA, have been sold in
Page 408 and 409:
LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY of ILLINO
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CHAPTER rni. the tsad basix. Ge>-er
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344 WEST APEICA. soiith tlie twin-c
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346 WTilST AFEICA. the Siberian Bal
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343 -^VEST AFEICA. rainfall taken t
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m 350 WEST AFEICA.
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352 t\t;st afeica. Crops are also r
Page 422 and 423:
354 WEST AFEICA. tte sultan has to
Page 424:
356 WEST APEICA. this region. In va
Page 427 and 428:
KANEM. 857 difPerent races, are con
Page 429 and 430:
BOEXU. 359 from Kauciu and by the i
Page 431 and 432:
BOENU. 361 other rivals as the chie
Page 433 and 434:
BOENU. 363 towns farther north are
Page 436 and 437:
LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY oflLLINOI
Page 438 and 439:
366 WEST AFRICA. tion to Bagliirmi
Page 440 and 441:
LiBRARV OF THE Ul^iVERSlTY of ILLIN
Page 442 and 443:
368 WEST AFRICA. which -was capture
Page 444 and 445:
EasLof Paris G° 30 ^r { A I.ftnri
Page 447 and 448:
CHAPTER IX. THE CAMEEOONS. GrENERAL
Page 449 and 450:
THE CAMEEOONS. 871 Rey, and in the
Page 451 and 452:
THE CAMEEOONS. 373 dominates the lo
Page 453 and 454:
THE C.IMEROONS. S75 network of tall
Page 455 and 456:
THE aiMEEOONS. 877 are also emtelli
Page 457 and 458:
THE CiMEEOONS. 879 tam-tam or driim
Page 459 and 460:
THE CAMEEOONS. tliose of larger siz
Page 461 and 462:
THE C.!lM;EEOOXS. 383 Elephant ilou
Page 463 and 464:
3N1VERSITY of ILLINOIS,
Page 465:
A B N POvillo 3tio teo 320 ufwS^dt.
Page 468 and 469:
386 WEST AFEICA. FrencH and Spanisl
Page 470 and 471:
388 WEST APEICA. also navigable by
Page 472 and 473:
LIBRARY OF THE '.)NIVERSITY of ILLI
Page 474 and 475:
390 \VEST AFEICA. sea below the Sct
Page 476 and 477:
402 WEST AFRICA. childreu being ent
Page 478 and 479:
894 WEST AFKIOA. Inhabitants. The i
Page 480 and 481:
LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSlTYoflUWOlS.
Page 482 and 483:
396 WEST AFRICA. The Fans. Most of
Page 484 and 485:
398 \VEST APEICA. The practice of c
Page 486 and 487:
LIBRARV OF THE 'JNIVERSiTy of ILLIN
Page 488 and 489:
400 "WEST AFRICA. tlie dead to tree
Page 490 and 491:
402 WEST AFRICA. children being ent
Page 492:
404 WEST AFEIOA. Libreville tas sca
Page 495 and 496:
FEANCEVILLE. 405 named from the exp
Page 497 and 498:
LOANGO. 407 the prevailing winds. G
Page 499 and 500:
LAJSTDANA. 409 consists chiefly in
Page 501 and 502:
CHAPTEE XI. CONGO BASIN. General Su
Page 503 and 504:
EXPLOEATIOX OF THE CONGO. 413 lake
Page 505 and 506:
EXPLOBATIOX OF THE CONGO BASIN. 415
Page 507 and 508:
LAKE BANGWEOLO. feet, and here seve
Page 509 and 510:
THE TKAYELLEfi GIKAtlD AiUD THE EEE
Page 511 and 512:
THE KAilOLOXDO B.iSIX. 419 Lake Moe
Page 513 and 514:
TANGANYIKA.. Of all the Central Afr
Page 515 and 516:
TA2JGANYIKA. 423 flooding caused by
Page 517 and 518:
THE MIDDLE CONGO. 425 surrounding g
Page 519 and 520:
I § R THE MIDDLE CONGO. 427 It is
Page 521 and 522:
THE MIDDLE CONGO. 429 160 feet high
Page 523 and 524:
ili!liiliili[UUiii;Ujiilliib!;iU^^^
Page 525 and 526:
THE LOWEE CONGO. 131 1,000 feet abo
Page 527 and 528:
THE CONGO ESTII.\EY. 4S3 rocky esca
Page 529 and 530:
GENERAL ASPECT OF THE CONGO BASIN.
Page 531 and 532:
FLOEA OF THE COXGO BASIN. 437 follo
Page 533 and 534:
INHABITANTS OF THE CONGO. 439 regio
Page 535 and 536:
INHABITANTS OF THE CONGO. 441 polit
Page 537 and 538:
THE CONGO FEEE STATE. 443 thousand
Page 539 and 540:
THE BEMBA STATE. U5 The plateau slo
Page 541 and 542:
THE KAZEMBE. 447 ceremonial of the
Page 543 and 544:
THE EUA STATE. UQ and salubrious co
Page 545 and 546:
U-NTAMEZI. 451 surrounding countrie
Page 547 and 548:
U-NYAMEZI. At the time of Stanley's
Page 549 and 550:
U-NTAMEZI. 455 domain is tliat of t
Page 552 and 553:
LISRARY OF THE UNIVERSITy of ILLINO
Page 554 and 555:
458 "UT5ST AFRICA. " Lake," a form
Page 556 and 557:
460 WEST AFRICA. in Africa, produci
Page 558 and 559:
462 AVEST AFEICA. Kassongo. Here th
Page 560 and 561:
OF THE UNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS,
Page 562 and 563:
46i WEST AFBICA. Ngala Negroes, wit
Page 564 and 565:
4G6 ^YEST APIUCA. those regions wli
Page 566:
468 WEST AFBICA. aquiline nose. The
Page 569 and 570:
THE AKKAS. 469 buildings. The recen
Page 571 and 572:
THE XIAM-XIAMS. 471 Zandelis, wlio
Page 573 and 574:
THE NIAM-NIAMS. ornaments of blue g
Page 575 and 576:
THE FRENCH CONGO. 475 order thus to
Page 577 and 578:
THE FEENCH CONGO. 477 which the rec
Page 579 and 580:
THE BA-TEKE. 479 the grasshoppers,
Page 581 and 582:
THE KASSAI BASIN. 481 running pace,
Page 583 and 584:
THE KASSAI BASIN. 483 western distr
Page 585 and 586:
GBOUP OF KA-LUNDAS.
Page 587 and 588:
THE KA-LUNDA. 485 authority, are fa
Page 589 and 590:
THE BA-LUBA. 487 Further nortli, in
Page 591 and 592:
THE BA-LUBA. 489 those associated ^
Page 593 and 594:
THE KIOKOS. 491 from the north-we.i
Page 595 and 596:
THE KWANGO BASIN. 493 been rcgularl
Page 597 and 598:
THE LO^^E CONGO. 495 frequented tra
Page 599 and 600:
HE of ILLINOIS.
Page 601:
R CONGO N G. y BANAKA. FrmchfFotnt
Page 604 and 605:
498 WEST AFRICA. Below Stanley Pool
Page 606 and 607:
LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY of ILLINO
Page 608:
500 WEST AFRICA. with a " Marine "
Page 611 and 612:
ADMINISTEATION OF THE CONGO FREE ST
Page 613 and 614:
STATISTICAL TABLES. THE AZORES. Are
Page 615 and 616:
Abanankem, 267 Abeokuta, 272 Aberde
Page 617 and 618:
Carceres Rivers, 193^ Cardon Mounta
Page 619 and 620:
Kimbanga, 497 Kimbundu, 491 Kimpata
Page 621 and 622:
Pokra. 271 Poinbo. 405, 477 Pimaro
Page 628:
4v H/fcv;< ''i, •^., I W'..t«Jll
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