The universal geography : earth and its inhabitants

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396 WEST AFRICA. The Fans. Most of the region east of the Gaboon and north of the Ogoway is now held by the Fan intruders, who have driven towards the south-west all the other indi- genous and immigrant loojDulations. Wlien the French first settled in the Gaboon the Fans were almost unknown, although so early as 1819 Bowditch had already mentioned them under the name of Paamways, describing them as a Fulah people. Their most advanced villages were at that time still restricted to the hilly inland Fig. 191.—Fan Woman. •t^-^ plateaux north of the Ogoway affluents ; now they have become the immediate neighbours of the Mpougwes of Glass and Libreville on the banks of the Komo, stretching north to the confines of the Ba-Tonga territory, while south of the Gaboon their pioneers have already reached the coast at several points. The Syake Fans occupy the zone of rapids above the Ivindo ; the Osyebas have crossed the middle Ogoway, and others have even penetrated to the Rembo Obenga in the delta region. Dreaded by all their neighbours, the Fans are at present a rising power,
THE FANS. 397 who become undisputed masters wherever they present themselves. In the districts knovm to the whites their numbers are estimated at two hundred thousand, and since the middle of the centurj' they are said to have increased threefold both by constant immigration and by the natural excess of births over the mortality. The future of French influence in this region depends mainly on the relations that may be established between the whites and these formidable invaders, all other peoples being divided into a multitude of detached groups incapable of any serious resistance. The Fans, that is to say, "Men," are known bj' manj' other names, such as Pahuin, Pa-Mue, Mpangwe (not to be confounded with Mpongwe), Panwe, Fanwe, and within French territory they form two distinct groups, the Ma-Kima of the Upper Ogoway and the Ma-Zuna about the Gaboon, speaking different dialects and waging a deadly warfare against one another. According to some authors the Fans are sprung from those Jaggas, who in the seventeenth century overran the kingdom of Congo, and the vocabularies collected by Wilson, Lenz, and Zoller prove that their language is also of Bantu stock, more allied to the Benga than to the Mpongwe, but spoken with a very guttural pronunciation. Anthropo- logists now generally believe that they belong to the same family as the Niam-Niams of the Upper "Welle region, from whom they are now separated bj- an intervening space of 900 miles, also probably inhabited by kindi-ed populations. Both present the same general physical appearance, complexion, statui-e, features, and attitude both file the incisors to a point, dress the haii" in the same way, use bark coverings, and vegetable dyes for painting the body. The chiefs also wear leopard skins, and use the same iron dart—a weapon with several points that tears the flesh. Blue glass trinkets and cowries are prized as ornaments by both nations, who also breed hounds of the same species. Lastly both are decided cannibals, employing the word nia in the same sense of " to eat," so that the Fans would seem to be the western division of the great Niam-Mam race. They are of lighter complexion and less woolly hair than the Ogoway coast tribes, which has caused some ethnologists to regard them as of non-Negro stock. The men, whose only occupation is fighting and hunting, are generallj' tall and slim, but very muscular, with haughtj' bearing and defiant look, very different from the obsequious downcast glance of the Gaboon Negroes. The women, who perform all the household and agricultural work, soon acquire heavy ungaiul}- figures. But the characteristic trait of both sexes is the bulging frontal bone, forming a semicii'cular protuberance above the suj)erciliary arches. The young men and women delight in personal ornaments of all sorts, adding cosmetics to tatooing, intertwining the hair with pearls, foliage, and feathers, encircling neck and waist with strings of cowries and china buttons, loading the calves with copper rings, like those in use among the natives of East Africa. Some of the women are as bedizened as any fetish, and so overladen with ornaments as to render locomotion almost impossible. But when they have to mourn the death of a chief or of a near relative they must put everything aside, and appear abroad either naked or clothed only with foHage and bedaubed with yellow or greenish ochre, which gives them a very cadaverous appearance.
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M"^'*^: k^"'"^' >;.^ . ^:* ^/^
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LISRAi?Y ^FTME UNIVERSITY of ILLINO
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THE EARTH AND ITS INHABITANTS THE U
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CnAP. CONTEXTS. I. The Cextrai. isi
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LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS. PAGE 1. The
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FTO. lOi). 101. 10-2. 103. 104. 10.
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THE UNIVEESAL GEOGRAPHY. WEST AFRIC
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CHANGES IN THE RELIEF OF THE ATLA>;
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THE AZOELiX WATERS. 5 drawn between
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RELIEF, GEOLOGY, AXD TEMTEEATUBE OF
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TEMPERATURE OF THE AZORIAN BASIX. g
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ATMOSPHEEIC CUEEENTS OF THE AZOEIAN
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MAEESTE CUEEEXT3 OF THE AZOEIAN B^V
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THE GUIXEA WATEES. ir, American coa
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THE GUINEA STEEAM. 17 two insular g
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THE GUIXKA STREAM. 19 current flowi
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TEMPERATURE—FAUNA. 21 Guinea wate
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CHAPTER II. "\^"EST AFRIC-iN ISLAIS
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CLtMATE OF THE AZOEES. 25 western g
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FLORA OF THE AZOBES. 27 gardens. Th
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INHABITAlSrTS OF THE AZOEES. 29 Eff
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INHABITANTS OF THE AZORES. 31 tour
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TOPOGEAPnr OF THE AZOEES. 33 indust
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TOPOGRAPHY OF THE AZOEES. STuninlt
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ilBRAK^ OF THE iJNIVERSITy of ILLIN
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38 WEST AFRICA. hoiu-s it was alrca
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40 WEST AJTEICA. and vapour at a te
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42 WEST AFEICA. San-Jorge, and from
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44 WEST ATBICA. encircled by deep w
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46 WEST AFRICA. falls little short
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48 "U'Ei'T AFRICA. from the normtil
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50 WEST AFRICA. uudergonc Ijut slig
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62 WEST AFRICA. favoured climate. S
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OF THE UNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS.
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64 WEST AFRICA. Topography. The pre
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56 WEST AFRICA. a Genoese fleet had
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West of Grvemnch. GOMERA f'Jf Tmo S
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GEOLOGY OP THE CANAEIES. 57 gucse p
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FLOEA OF THE CANAEIES. 59 The C;mar
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INHAEITAiiTS OF TIIE CANAEIES. Gl t
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INHABITANTS OF THE CANARIES. 63 bei
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a o 5 So TXFATiTTANTR OF THE CANAEI
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T^NZAEOTE. 67 and one of them is ue
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GEAN CANAEIA. C9 cone rising above
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GRAN CANABIA. 71 fathoms of water f
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TENEEITFE. 73 Sierra de Teno, datin
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TENEEIFFE. 75 land and sea, but in
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GOMEEA. 77 a strait 17 miles wide.
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PALMA. 79 San-Sclasiian, the capita
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ADMINISTEATION OF THE CANAEIES. 81
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C^VPE \T3ED ISLAISTDS. 83 Santa-Luz
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CAPE VEED ISLANDS. 85 The general s
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CAPE YEED ISLAJfDS. 87 labour throu
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CAPE YEED ISLANDS. 89 laud of the a
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.'(,'tl O S5 a o 6
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CAPE VEED ISLANDS. 91 Saixt Yixxext
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CAPE VEED ISLANDS. 93 feet, a ruine
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CAPE VEED ISLANDS. 95 combines in h
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TRISTAM DA CUNHA. 97 also figured o
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LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY of U\N01b
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100 WEST AFRICA. soldiers obtained
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102 "WEST APEICA. Climate. The grow
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104 WEST AFEICA. about 1840, and wl
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LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY of ILLlNO
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106 WEST AFEICA. vessels to seek sh
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108 "WEST AFRICA. the guinea-fowl.
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110 WEST AFRICA. Fig. 43. Cascade o
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112 WEST APEICA. features in its na
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114 WEST AFEICA. divided into two s
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116 WEST APEIOA. different race of
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118 WEST AFEIOA. exiles have return
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]20 WEST AFEICA. Futa-Jallon highla
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122 WEST AFRICA. first expedition i
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124 "WEST AFEIOA. This highland sys
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126 WEST AFEICA. coherence. Tliej'
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128 WEST AFEICA. are no longer dire
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Leyb, Gandon -Dialakhar Rao Poundio
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SENECJAL BASIX AXD FUTA-JALLON. 129
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TKE SENEGAL BASIN. 131 flow in the
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THE SEXEGAL DELTA. 133 surprisingly
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FLOEA OF SENEGAL. 136 During the fo
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FAUNA OF SENEGAL. 137 a thorny zizy
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INHABITANTS OF SENEGAL. 189 women a
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THE WOLOFS. 141 and the Gambia. The
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THE SEEEBS. 143 The "Wolofs are tho
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THE SAEAKOLES. 146 inclining to red
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THE FULAHS. 147 between the Senegal
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THE TOUCOTJLEUES. 149 the images of
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Pi E-" a < < cs < a C-i
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TEADE OP SENEGAL. 151 peans can onl
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MIXEEALS OF SE>rEGAL—GOLD-iUXIXG.
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POLITICAL STATE OF SENEGAL. 155 vra
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TOPOGRAPETT OF SE^'EGAJ.. 157 as fa
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TOPOGEAPHT OF SENEGAL. 159 The Argu
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UBRAP.Y OF THE UNIVERSITY of ILLINO
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162 WEST AFRICA. mines. But " the g
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TOPOaRAPHY OF SENEGAL. 163 of their
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TOPOGRAPHY OF SENEGAL. 165 however,
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ABillNISTEATION OF FUTA-JALLON. 167
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ADiOXISTEATIOX OF SENEGAL. 169 form
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±'''^£-
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FLOEA OF GAMBLL 173 Noirot, Ke to t
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THE 11A^T)IXGANS. 175 tremendous po
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DISTRICT OF IL^"TOE. 177 situated f
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CASAMANZA BASIN. 179 stations, and
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FELUP TYPES
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CASAMANZA BASIX. 181 ctarms, and ho
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GUINfi. 183 channels danoreroiis to
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THE BISSAGOS AECHIPELAGO. 185 which
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IXIIABIT/VNTS OP GUIXE. 187 ciiddle
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BUJAGO TYPES AND TEKMtKS' KEST.
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INHABITANTS OF GTJINE. 189 bad luck
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THE SOUrn SEXEGAMBIAN EIYERS. 101 b
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THE LOS LSLANDS. 198 is of perfectl
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THE SU-SU TEIBE. 195 vras a Su-Su t
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SIEKEA-LEONE. I97 people now mostly
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SIEERA-LEONE. 199 bristles witli ca
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SIEBEA-LEOXE. 201 degrees, from 75"
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SIEEEA-LEONE. 203 Inhabitants. The
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SIEEEA-LEONi:. 205 N'orth-east of t
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SIEREA-LEONE. 207 dailv gaining gro
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. ^ SIEEBA-LEONE. 209 out among the
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iSlEKEA-LEONE. 211 Administration.
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LIBERIA. 213 After the first diffic
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LIBEEIA. 216 quadrilateral, stretch
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KEOOSIEN.
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LIBERIA. 217 the morning, following
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LIBEELV. Bassas, the Kroos south of
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LIBEELV. 221 jocular Euglisli uickn
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LIBERIA. 223 The foreign trade of L
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LIBERIA. 225 liave a school and a m
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LIBEEIA. 227 beeD several times occ
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THE IVORY COAST. 229 and Maryland.
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THE IVOEY COAST. 231 Bassam mouth,
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THE KING OF ASSINI.
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INHABITANTS OF THE IVORY COAST. 233
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THE GOLD COAST. from the interior a
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THE GOLD COAST. 237 Physical Featur
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CLIMATE OF THE GOLD COAST. 239 In t
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OF Th r. UHiVERSlTVof ILUNUib,
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242 "WEST AFRICA, differs, except i
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244 WEST AFEICA. of the ilandingans
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246 WEST AI"EICA. all the bottles a
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248 WEST APKICA. command the Ancobr
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LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY of ItLINO
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250 WEST APEICA. route leading thro
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252 WEST AFEICA. Between Accra and
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254 WEST AFEICA. protecting fetish.
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256 WEST AFRICA. European traders.
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253 WEST AFEICA. for a considerable
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2C0 WEST AFEICA. Steamers already p
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262 "NTOST AFRICA. war dances are p
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264 \\'EST AFEICA. The Yorubas are
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266 WEST AFRICA. ably increased the
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2G8 Fig. 118. -Dahomey and Axuda Co
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POETO-XOYO. 269 Botli places are co
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LAGOS. 271 In the basin of the Okpa
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a TOETJBA. 273 Tbndan, till recentl
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CHAPTER VII. THE NIGER BASIN. Gexer
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THE NIGEE. 271 expeditiou up the Co
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W I fee THE NIGEE. 279 in four mont
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THE NIGEE. 281 The Upper ajju SIidd
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THE MIDDLE NIGER. 283 of obelisks,
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THE BENTJE. 285 the largest headstr
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THE BENTJE. 287 direction in valley
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THE TOUCOULETJE EMPIEE. 289 ing the
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THE BAMBAEAS. 291 Inhabitants of th
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YOUNG BAMBAEAS.
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TOWNS OF THE UPPER NIGER. 293 resid
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BAlIAJnj. 295 noi;v "protected " by
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MASSINA. 297 between Jallonke-diigu
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Irl O M z
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MASSINA. 299 point from Bamuku reac
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THE SONGHAIS. 301 collective name o
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TIMBTJKTU. 803 Songhai of Timbuktu,
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GAEU.—DOEE.—SAI. 805 when some
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HAUSSA LAXD. 307 esh'mates of ten m
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HAUSSA LAND. 309 plants the most ^d
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HAUSSA LAND. 811 presence in Sokoto
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KATSENA. 813 thousand persons rende
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WUBNO—SOKOTO. 315 raised on the s
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GANDO. 817 the capital of "West Hau
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TATIRI—BTJSSA. 319 present the la
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s;0NnilioAllsa3AiNf 3 HI do
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R NICER \ / Aktu; AssaWa Ebo .'^
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322 WEST AFEICA. recent foundation,
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824 WEST AFEICA. Wurno. Imperial de
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326 WEST AFEICA. vallevs into disti
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328 WEST AFEICA. seen, is very comm
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330 WEST AFEICA. eveiywhere cultiva
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832 WEST AFEICA. venenosum), whicli
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334 "^VEST Ai-RICA. North-east of Y
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336 WEST AFEICA. (Kogna), from the
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LIBRARY OF THE INIVERSITyoftLLlNOiS
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338 WEST AFRICA. aud has also the a
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340 WEST AFEICA, have been sold in
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LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY of ILLINO
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CHAPTER rni. the tsad basix. Ge>-er
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344 WEST APEICA. soiith tlie twin-c
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346 WTilST AFEICA. the Siberian Bal
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343 -^VEST AFEICA. rainfall taken t
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m 350 WEST AFEICA.
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352 t\t;st afeica. Crops are also r
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354 WEST AFEICA. tte sultan has to
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356 WEST APEICA. this region. In va
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KANEM. 857 difPerent races, are con
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BOEXU. 359 from Kauciu and by the i
Page 431 and 432: BOENU. 361 other rivals as the chie
Page 433 and 434: BOENU. 363 towns farther north are
Page 436 and 437: LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY oflLLINOI
Page 438 and 439: 366 WEST AFRICA. tion to Bagliirmi
Page 440 and 441: LiBRARV OF THE Ul^iVERSlTY of ILLIN
Page 442 and 443: 368 WEST AFRICA. which -was capture
Page 444 and 445: EasLof Paris G° 30 ^r { A I.ftnri
Page 447 and 448: CHAPTER IX. THE CAMEEOONS. GrENERAL
Page 449 and 450: THE CAMEEOONS. 871 Rey, and in the
Page 451 and 452: THE CAMEEOONS. 373 dominates the lo
Page 453 and 454: THE C.IMEROONS. S75 network of tall
Page 455 and 456: THE aiMEEOONS. 877 are also emtelli
Page 457 and 458: THE CiMEEOONS. 879 tam-tam or driim
Page 459 and 460: THE CAMEEOONS. tliose of larger siz
Page 461 and 462: THE C.!lM;EEOOXS. 383 Elephant ilou
Page 463 and 464: 3N1VERSITY of ILLINOIS,
Page 465: A B N POvillo 3tio teo 320 ufwS^dt.
Page 468 and 469: 386 WEST AFEICA. FrencH and Spanisl
Page 470 and 471: 388 WEST APEICA. also navigable by
Page 472 and 473: LIBRARY OF THE '.)NIVERSITY of ILLI
Page 474 and 475: 390 \VEST AFEICA. sea below the Sct
Page 476 and 477: 402 WEST AFRICA. childreu being ent
Page 478 and 479: 894 WEST AFKIOA. Inhabitants. The i
Page 480 and 481: LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSlTYoflUWOlS.
Page 484 and 485: 398 \VEST APEICA. The practice of c
Page 486 and 487: LIBRARV OF THE 'JNIVERSiTy of ILLIN
Page 488 and 489: 400 "WEST AFRICA. tlie dead to tree
Page 490 and 491: 402 WEST AFRICA. children being ent
Page 492: 404 WEST AFEIOA. Libreville tas sca
Page 495 and 496: FEANCEVILLE. 405 named from the exp
Page 497 and 498: LOANGO. 407 the prevailing winds. G
Page 499 and 500: LAJSTDANA. 409 consists chiefly in
Page 501 and 502: CHAPTEE XI. CONGO BASIN. General Su
Page 503 and 504: EXPLOEATIOX OF THE CONGO. 413 lake
Page 505 and 506: EXPLOBATIOX OF THE CONGO BASIN. 415
Page 507 and 508: LAKE BANGWEOLO. feet, and here seve
Page 509 and 510: THE TKAYELLEfi GIKAtlD AiUD THE EEE
Page 511 and 512: THE KAilOLOXDO B.iSIX. 419 Lake Moe
Page 513 and 514: TANGANYIKA.. Of all the Central Afr
Page 515 and 516: TA2JGANYIKA. 423 flooding caused by
Page 517 and 518: THE MIDDLE CONGO. 425 surrounding g
Page 519 and 520: I § R THE MIDDLE CONGO. 427 It is
Page 521 and 522: THE MIDDLE CONGO. 429 160 feet high
Page 523 and 524: ili!liiliili[UUiii;Ujiilliib!;iU^^^
Page 525 and 526: THE LOWEE CONGO. 131 1,000 feet abo
Page 527 and 528: THE CONGO ESTII.\EY. 4S3 rocky esca
Page 529 and 530: GENERAL ASPECT OF THE CONGO BASIN.
Page 531 and 532: FLOEA OF THE COXGO BASIN. 437 follo
Page 533 and 534:
INHABITANTS OF THE CONGO. 439 regio
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INHABITANTS OF THE CONGO. 441 polit
Page 537 and 538:
THE CONGO FEEE STATE. 443 thousand
Page 539 and 540:
THE BEMBA STATE. U5 The plateau slo
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THE KAZEMBE. 447 ceremonial of the
Page 543 and 544:
THE EUA STATE. UQ and salubrious co
Page 545 and 546:
U-NTAMEZI. 451 surrounding countrie
Page 547 and 548:
U-NYAMEZI. At the time of Stanley's
Page 549 and 550:
U-NTAMEZI. 455 domain is tliat of t
Page 552 and 553:
LISRARY OF THE UNIVERSITy of ILLINO
Page 554 and 555:
458 "UT5ST AFRICA. " Lake," a form
Page 556 and 557:
460 WEST AFRICA. in Africa, produci
Page 558 and 559:
462 AVEST AFEICA. Kassongo. Here th
Page 560 and 561:
OF THE UNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS,
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46i WEST AFBICA. Ngala Negroes, wit
Page 564 and 565:
4G6 ^YEST APIUCA. those regions wli
Page 566:
468 WEST AFBICA. aquiline nose. The
Page 569 and 570:
THE AKKAS. 469 buildings. The recen
Page 571 and 572:
THE XIAM-XIAMS. 471 Zandelis, wlio
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THE NIAM-NIAMS. ornaments of blue g
Page 575 and 576:
THE FRENCH CONGO. 475 order thus to
Page 577 and 578:
THE FEENCH CONGO. 477 which the rec
Page 579 and 580:
THE BA-TEKE. 479 the grasshoppers,
Page 581 and 582:
THE KASSAI BASIN. 481 running pace,
Page 583 and 584:
THE KASSAI BASIN. 483 western distr
Page 585 and 586:
GBOUP OF KA-LUNDAS.
Page 587 and 588:
THE KA-LUNDA. 485 authority, are fa
Page 589 and 590:
THE BA-LUBA. 487 Further nortli, in
Page 591 and 592:
THE BA-LUBA. 489 those associated ^
Page 593 and 594:
THE KIOKOS. 491 from the north-we.i
Page 595 and 596:
THE KWANGO BASIN. 493 been rcgularl
Page 597 and 598:
THE LO^^E CONGO. 495 frequented tra
Page 599 and 600:
HE of ILLINOIS.
Page 601:
R CONGO N G. y BANAKA. FrmchfFotnt
Page 604 and 605:
498 WEST AFRICA. Below Stanley Pool
Page 606 and 607:
LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY of ILLINO
Page 608:
500 WEST AFRICA. with a " Marine "
Page 611 and 612:
ADMINISTEATION OF THE CONGO FREE ST
Page 613 and 614:
STATISTICAL TABLES. THE AZORES. Are
Page 615 and 616:
Abanankem, 267 Abeokuta, 272 Aberde
Page 617 and 618:
Carceres Rivers, 193^ Cardon Mounta
Page 619 and 620:
Kimbanga, 497 Kimbundu, 491 Kimpata
Page 621 and 622:
Pokra. 271 Poinbo. 405, 477 Pimaro
Page 628:
4v H/fcv;< ''i, •^., I W'..t«Jll
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The universal geography : earth and its inhabitants

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