Rancang Bangun Sistem Sortasi Cerdas Berbasis Pengolahan ... - IPB

Technical Paper
Rancang Bangun Sistem Sortasi Cerdas Berbasis Pengolahan Citra
Untuk Kopi Beras
Design of Intelligent Sorting System based on Image Processing for Green Coffee
Dedy W. Soedibyo 1 , Usman Ahmad 2 , Kudang B. Seminar 3 , I Dewa Made Subrata 4
Abstract
Coffee has good prospects as a motor of development in Indonesian agribusiness
and agroindustry, therefore needs to be handled properly and professionally. Grading process in
commercial green coffee as grain commodity is still done manually. This process has the disadvantage of
low efficiency, objectivity and the level of consistency. Therefore his needed a machine that can work
automatically to classify the quality of the green coffee by visual inspection. The objective of this study was
to design the green coffee sorting machine controlled by a computer based on image processing
program consisted of conveyor belt, the image capture station used two digital cameras, and the parallel
simulator divider. The design of sorting machine was used for the development of the green coffee
sorting system that will be categorized into four quality classes based on the qualifications according to
the standard of SCAA (Specialty Coffee Association of America).
Keywords: sorting machine, green coffee, image processing, computer program
Diterima: 14 Juli 2010; Disetujui: 11Oktober 2010

Technical Paper
Kinerja Pengeringan Chip Ubi Kayu
Performance of Cassava Chip Drying
Sandi Asmara 1 dan Warji 2
Abstract
Lampung Province is the largest producer of cassava in Indonesia. Cassava has a weakness that is
easily damaged and could not be stored longer. To overcome this, there is a need of an effective drying
process so that cassava can be processed into other materials of lower power use as well as its economic
value. A hybrid drying system is one solution to resolve the issue. The purpose of this research is to study
the performance of drying cassava chips by using a hybrid type of dryer rack. The process of drying cassava
chips made using a three-stage treatments with three replicates with the input load of 30 kg of cassava
chips. The results showed that the pattern of decline in water levels in each treatment is uneven. The time
needed to dry cassava chips to reach the water content of 10% - 12% in the drying of materials using
sunlight for 18 hours, using electrical energy for 16 hours and use the energy of sunlight and electricity for
12 hours. The higher temperatures produced the shorter the time required in the drying process. Electrical
energy required for the drying process using electric energy was 91 440 kJ and drying using electrical
energy and sunlight was 68600 kJ.
Keywords: cassava chip, drying, dryer hybrid
Diterima: 13 Maret 2010; Disetujui: 17 Setember 2010

Technical Paper
Pengembangan Algoritma Pengolahan Citra untuk Menghindari
Rintangan pada Traktor Tanpa Awak
Development of Image Processing Algorithms for Obstacle Avoidance on Unmanned
Tractor
Usman Ahmad 1 , Desrial 2 , I Dewa Made Subrata 3 , Sjahrul Annas 4
Abstract
Unmanned tractors, even though it uses global positioning system (GPS) technology to identify the
working path, still require an ability to recognize the environment in front of it in order to avoid obstacles that
may exist. A device that can be used to recognize the environment in front of the tractor and avoid obstacles
that may exist, is the camera. However, images captured by the camera need to be processed to detect
possible obstacles at the front of the tractor. This study aimed to develop image processing algorithms to
detect the possible presence of obstacles on the path to be traversed by an unmanned tractor, and directed
the tractor to a safe path by giving the new coordinates when there are obstacles in front of it. Several
image processing techniques such as edge detection, opening and closing, marking free area, and the
determination of the coordinates were used for the purpose of directing the path in front of the tractor when
there are obstacles that must be avoided.
Keywords: image processing, obstacles, unmanned tractor, algorithms
Diterima: 19 April 2010; Disetujui: 18 Oktober 2010

Technical Paper
Pengembangan Program Komputer untuk Pemilihan Kincir Angin
Pembangkit Tenaga Listrik di Pedesaan
Development of the Computer Program for Selecting Windmills-Generated Electric
Power in Rural Areas
Rusnia Zaidun 1 dan Mad Yamin 2
Abstract
Rural areas which have not getting electricity networks provided by Perusahaan Listrik Negara or
PLN can consider constructing windmills to generate electricity. In the construction of these windmills, a
special attention should be paid to such factors as topography of the location and wind speed in the site
of windmills so that a proper type of windmills that will be used in the area can be decided. Therefore,
developing a computer program for selecting the type of windmills used is expected to serve as an input for
the development of agricultural technologies that utilize renewable energy. Making the computer program
consists of the following steps: making the initial view layout of the program, program scripts, animation, and
program evaluation. Making a program design is started by determining the input and output components of
the program so as to set the initial view of the program. Based on the formulas used for windmills generating
electricity, a computer program to determine the type of windmills was developed by using Visual Basic 6.0.
Meanwhile, Adobe Flash CS3 Professional software was used to construct animated windmills, which can
also be run under Visual Basic 6.0 program.
Keywords: windmill, energy, electricity, power
Diterima: 14 Mei 2010; Disetujui: 6 September 2010

Technical Paper
Rasio Input Energi dan Volume Reaktan pada Penerapan Ultrasonik
untuk Pengolahan Biodiesel
Ratio Input on Energy and Volume Reactants Application for Ultrasonic Processing
Biodiesel
Bambang Susilo 1 , La Chovia Hawa 2 dan Moch. Bagus Hermanto 2
Abstract
The application of ultrasonic on biodiesel processing can increase the reaction rate and improve the
conversion of plant oils into biodiesel. Factors affecting the rate of reaction on the application of ultrasonic
waves for biodiesel processing are temperature increasing, acoustic mixing, onset of cavitations and
surface tension on the micro bubble, and the formation of hot spots in the form of instantaneous pressure
and high temperature on the molecular scale. The vibrator dipped into the reactants transferred mechanical
energy which was transformed into heat, cavitations and hot spots. This research was conducted to see
the effect of the volume ratio of reactants and input energy on the rate of conversion of triglycerides into
biodiesel. The results of this study demonstrated a significant effect of the energy input to the conversion of
triglycerides into biodiesel. The greater specific input energy produced the higher conversion and the higher
reaction rate. Input energy by using ultrasonic was significantly lower than the use of a mechanical stirrer.
Keywords: ultrasonic, input energy, biodiesel, conversion rate
Diterima: 14 Mei 2010; Disetujui: 28 September 2010

Technical Paper
Analisis Sistem Proses Pindah Massa pada Ekstraksi Secara Mekanik
Minyak Kedelai (Glycine Max Oil)
System Analyze of Mass Transfer Process in Mechanical Extraction Soybean Oil
(Glycine Max Oil)
Bambang Dwi Argo 1
Abstract
Soybean, a vegetable protein-rich commodity needed to improve public nutrition, safe to consume, and
the price affordable. The purpose of this research are to: 1. determine the effect of pressure and time of
extraction the mass balance, yield and level of soybean oil extraction, 2. Gain mass transfer coefficient value
in soybean oil extraction process, and 3. analyze the mechanism of mass changes during the extraction
process soybean oil is mechanically using hydraulic pressing. Oil obtained results indicate an increase
due to the influence of a given amount of pressure and length of time silenced. The greater the pressure
exerted, the more oil produced this shows soybean oil can come out with a maximum at the greatest
pressure of 200 kg/cm 2 . Mass transfer coefficient in soybean oil extraction process at a pressure of 100 kg/
cm 2 5.57x10 -5 gcm 3 /cm seconds. In the pressure is 200 kg/cm 2 15.39 x 10 -5 g cm 3 /cm seconds.
Keywords: mass transfer, mechanical extraction, soybean oil
Diterima: 12 Maret 2010; Disetujui: 7 September 2010

Technical Paper
Pengaruh Penyusutan Temu Putih (Curcuma zedoaria (Berg) Roscoe)
Terhadap Karakteristik Pengeringan Lapisan Tipis
The Effects of Shrinkage to Thin Layer Drying Characteristics of Temu Putih (Curcuma
zedoaria (Berg) Roscoe)
Inge Scorpi Tulliza 1 , Armansyah H.Tambunan 2 dan Usman Ahmad 3
Abstract
The objective of this study is to analyze the occurrence of shrinkage during thin layer drying of Temu
Putih (Curcuma zedoaria (Berg) Roscoe) and its effects to the drying characteristics. The experiments were
conducted using a laboratory scale dryer with data acquisition and equipped with machine vision system.
The drying conditions was controlled at temperatures (T) of 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, relative humidity (RH) 20%,
30%, 40%, 50% and air velocity 0.78 m/s – 1.95 m/s with a specific combinations. The results show that
the temu putih’s slices were shrinking as the moisture content was decreasing with almost linier correlation.
The drying data was used to determine the drying constants using three models, namely Henderson and
Pabis, Lewis, and Page model. The effects of the shrinkage to the drying characteristics is discussed in
term of the relation between surface area ratio (AR) to moisture ratio (MR).
Keywords: Drying;Thin Layer drying; Shrinkage; Temu Putih
Diterima: 24 Maret 2010; Disetujui: 13 September 2010

Technical Paper
Aplikasi Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST) Untuk Pendugaan Suhu Larutan
Nutrisi yang Disirkulasikan dan Didinginkan Siang-Malam pada
Tanaman Tomat Hidroponik
Application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for Estimating Temperature of Circulated
and Day-Night Cooled Nutrient Solution on Hydroponics System for Tomato
Chusnul Arif 1 , Y. Aris Purwanto 2 , Herry Suhardiyanto 3 , Yudi Chadirin 4
Abstract
Cultivation of tomato plant under hydroponics system in the greenhouse is suitable way to improve
fruit quality since it is easier to control environmental parameters. In this system, water and nutrition are
two important things for plant to growth. In the tropical area such as Indonesia, air temperature is main
constraint in the plant production system. Increasing air temperature inside the greenhouse has positive
correlation to the raising temperature of nutrient solution which affected to the ability of the plant to absord
the nutrition. The effective way to anticipate increasing of its temperature is by using the cooling system
of nutrient solution before circulated to the plant. This paper presented the application of Articificial Neural
Network (ANN) to estimate the temperature of nutrient solution which was cooled on day-night time and
circulated to the plant. ANN models, called time delay neural network, consist of 3 layers with 4 input nodes
and 1 output node. As input model were t (time), Tg(i) (air temperature inside the greenhouse on time i),
Tt(i) (temperature of nutrient solution in the tank on time i), Tb(i-1) (temperature of nutrient solution in the
plant plots on time i-1) and as output model was Tb(i) (temperature of nutrient solution in the plant plots
on time i). The model was developed well with validation result better than heat transfer model previously
indicated by coefficient determination (R2) of 0.9498.
Keywords: cooling, nutrient solution, hydroponic, tomato, artificial neural network
Diterima: 15 Juni 2010; Disetujui: 30 juli 2010

Technical Paper
Analisis Dimensi Fraktal untuk Identifikasi Tanaman dengan
Pendekatan Pemrosesan Citra Secara Paralel
Fractal Dimension Analisys for Plants Identification with Paralel Image Processing
Approach
Mohamad Solahudin 1 dan Kudang Boro Seminar 2
Abstract
The use of camera vision and real-time computation as plant identification tool has become an active
research. Application of both methods can not be separated from a pretension that the computation must
produce correct results within the specified time interval where the truth of the calculation depends not only
on logical truth but also on the time in which results are produced. The purpose of this study is to identify
plants with fractal dimension analysis and the application of parallel computing. Fractal dimension analysis
results showed that each plant has a typical Fractal dimension value. Filtration process with a small window
size is accompanied by the use of multiple processors indicates that the image processing in parallel show
results much faster than processing with a single processor.
Keywords: camera vision, fractal dimension analisys, filtration, parallel computing
Diterima: 24 Mei 2010; Disetujui: 13 September 2010

Technical Paper
Pendeteksian Kerapatan dan Jenis Gulma dengan Metode Bayes dan
Analisis Dimensi Fraktal untuk Pengendalian Gulma secara Selektif
Weeds and Plants Recognition using Bayes Segmentation and Fractal Dimension
Analisys for Selective Weed Control
Mohamad Solahudin 1 , Kudang Boro Seminar 2 , I Wayan Astika 3 , Agus Buono 4
Abstract
Destructive impacts of herbicide usage on environment and water contamination have led to many
researches oriented toward finding solutions for their accurate use. If density and weeds species could
be correctly detected, patch spraying or spot spraying can effectively reduce herbicide usage. A precision
automated machine vision for weed control could also reduce the usage of chemicals. Machine vision
is a useful method for segmentation of different objects in agricultural applications, especially pattern
recognition methods. Many indices have been investigated by researchers to perform weed segmentation
based on color information of the images. But there is no research that aims to identify weed diversity
and its influence on the consumption of herbicides. The purpose of this research is to build a system that
can recognize weeds and plants. In this study the relation between three main components (red, green
and blue) of the images and color feature extraction (Hue, Saturation, Intensity) used to define weeds
and plants density. Fractal dimension used as the methode to define shape features to distinguish weeds
and plants. Weeds and plants were segmented from background by obtaining H value and its shape was
obtained by fractal dimension value. The results show fractal dimension value for weeds and plants has
specific values. Corn plants have fractal dimension values in the range 1.148 to 1.268, peanut plants have
fractal dimension values in the range 1.511 to 1.629, while the weeds have Fractal dimension values in the
range 1.325 to 1.497
Keywords: image processing, machine vision, weed control, fractal dimension
Diterima: 26 Juli 2010; Disetujui: 4 Oktober 2010