By Moses Mbendela Mlangeni - Nelson Mandela Metropolitan ...

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12. WHAT LEVY PER YEAR ARE YOU WILLING TO PAY (INCLUDING WHAT YOU ALREADY DO PAY) FOR A PROJECT TO PREVENT A DECREASE IN RIVER WATER INFLOW (DUE TO URBAN AND AGRICULTURAL ABSTRACTION OR REDUCED FLOWS THROUGH FORESTRY OR VEGETATION CHANGES) INTO THE ESTUARY OF 25 % OVER WHAT CURRENTLY FLOWS INTO THE ESTUARY. ANOTHER WAY OF SEEING THIS IS WTP TO PREVENT A REDUCTION IN THE PROPORTION OF MAR INFLOW INTO THE ESTUARY FROM 70% TO 52,5%. THE LEVY WOULD BE COLLECTED BY THE LOCAL AUTHORITY FROM ALL USERS WHO DERIVE BENEFIT DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, INCLUDING THOSE PROVIDING VISITORS ACCESS TO THE MNGAZI ESTUARY. THIS LEVY WOULD BE COLLECTED IN RATES AND USER FEES TO THOSE ACCESSING THE WATER. IT WOULD BE USED TO FUND THE ‘PURCHASE’ OF 14,14 MILLION M 3 OF WATER, I.E., ENOUGH FRESH WATER INFLOW TO PREVENT THE CHANGES IN ESTUARY SERVICES INDICATED. IN THE TABLE BELOW WE PROVIDE A HIGH ESTIMATE OF WHAT IMPACTS THIS WATER PURCHASE WOULD PREVENT. THE LOW ESTIMATE IS THAT THERE WILL BE NO IMPACTS. (12A) HIGH ESTIMATE OF BENEFITS (DESCRIBE) FOR BOATERS 1. LONGER PERIOD OF MOUTH CLOSURE (ABOUT 2 MONTHS) BUT LARGER AREA OF ESTUARY USABLE FOR BOATING DURING CLOSURE (DAMMING EFFECT OF MOUTH CLOSURE) FOR SWIMMERS 1. PROBABLE INCREASE IN POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION IN ALL PARTS OF THE ESTUARY DUE TO REDUCED CYCLING OF WATER (WITH STOCK DROPPINGS, VEGETATION ROT AND SEWERAGE SEEP) – WITH INCREASED HEALTH RISK. FOR FISHERS/BAIT COLLECTORS 1. A 10% REDUCTION OF ANGLING FISH. 2. A 10% REDUCTION IN MUDPRAWN BAIT. FOR BIRDERS 1. A 10% REDUCTION IN BIRD POPULATION. FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF VIEW AND PEOPLE STAYING NEAR THE ESTUARY 1. INCREASE STAGNANT SMELL AT ESTUARY 2. BIGGER AREA OF ESTUARY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE WORLD GENERALLY 1. NO CHANGE AMOUNT WILLING TO PAY UNDER HIGH IMPACT SCENARIO DESCRIBED ABOVE (RAND) 0 0 1 – 10 1 11 - 20 2 21 – 30 3 31- 50 4 51 – 100 5 101 - 200 6 201 – 500 7 501 – 1000 8 1001 – 2000 9 2001 – 3000 10 3001 – 4000 11 4001 + (SPECIFY) 12 SPECIFY 13 169
13. IF YOUR ANSWER TO EITHER OF THE ABOVE (QUESTION 12) IS ZERO, WHAT ARE YOUR REASONS (YOU MAY HAVE MORE THAN ONE)? REASON 13.1 CANNOT AFFORD THE FEES 1 13.2 GET NO OR NEGLIGIBLE VALUE OUT OF ESTUARY 2 SERVICES 13.3 ABUNDANCE OF SERVICE OPTIONS – NO 3 SCARCITY, THEREFORE WHY PAY 13.4 LACK OF CONFIDENCE IN GOVERNMENT TO 4 COLLECT AND USE FEES COLLECTED FOR THE WATER PURCHASE 13.5 OTHER (SPECIFY) 5 14. WHAT WOULD YOUR HOUSHOLD SACRIFICE IN ORDER TO MAKE THIS PAYMENT? (THE MONEY HAS TO COME FROM SOMEWHERE – THE BUDGET CONSTRAINT – MAY TICK MORE THAN ONE BLOCK) SERVICE INCOME WOULD BE REALLOCATED FROM 14.1 RECREATION ACTIVITIES 1 14.2 DOMESTIC/HOUSEHOLD LIVING 2 14.3 DIS-SAVING 3 14.4 OTHER (SPECIFY) 4 SPECIFY 15. DISTANCE IN KILOMETRES OF RESPONDENT’S CURRENT ACCOMMODATION (NOT NECESSARILY PLACE OF PERMANENT ABODE) FROM THE ESTUARY. DISTANCE FROM ESTUARY (KM) 0-1 1 1-3 2 3-10 3 10 + 4 16. APPROXIMATE WORTH OF RESPONDENTS VEHICLES AND BOATS OWNED AT CURRENT PRICES: TOTAL VALUE (RAND) 0 0 1- 2 000 1 2001- 10 000 2 10 001- 50 000 3 50 001- 100 000 4 100 001- 200 000 5 200 001-400 000 6 400 001 + 7 17. HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL LEVEL ATTAINMENT OF RESPONDENT. EDUCATIONAL LEVEL NO SCHOOLING 1 COMPLETED 7 – 11 YEARS OR SCHOOLING 2 COMPLETED 12 YEARS OF SCHOOLING 3 COMPLETED SCHOOLING PLUS 3 OR MORE YEARS TERTIARY SCHOOLING 4 18. GROSS ANNUAL PRE-TAX INCOME OF RESPONDENT. PRE TAX INCOME (RAND) 0 – 50 000 1 50 001 – 100 000 2 100 001 – 150 000 3 150 001 – 200 000 4 200 001 – 250 000 5 250 001 – 350 000 6 350 001 – 500 000 7 500 001+ 8 170
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A CONTINGENT VALUATION OF RIVER WAT
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere gratitu
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Four estuaries, the Swartkops, Kari
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CONTENTS Abbreviations…………
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2.3.3 Step 3: Calculating average b
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5.6 Identifying the target populati
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9.3 Conclusion on the appropriatene
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7.1 Number of questionnaires comple
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7.12 Relative importance attached t
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CHAPTER 1: SOUTH AFRICAN ESTUARIES
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for the estuaries. The study builds
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1.3.3 Estuarine bays/lagoons Estuar
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1.4.2 Sedimentation River mouth clo
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The biggest estuary in SA is St Luc
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1.6.6 Mangroves Mangroves are trees
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SA. Often, estuaries have unique bi
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it can result in increases in the a
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freshwater to estuaries. Recently e
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2.1 The market for estuary services
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However, the value thereby lost is
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they claim they are willing to pay
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2.3.1.3 The payment vehicle The pay
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left to state a figure based on the
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to the estuary. For this reason, st
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The approach assumes that sample si
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2.3.5.1 Incentives to misrepresent
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wrong answers and responses that ar
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plausibility of the questions and h
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CHAPTER 3: THE SWARTKOPS ESTUARY In
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egion and supplies water to the tow
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Swartkops estuary is incised chiefl
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visitors and the public in general
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3.3.3 Uses of the Swartkops estuary
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Table 3.4: Once-a-month count of bo
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3.3.3.2 Subsistence uses Bait colle
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complain that competition with ille
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Table 3.8: Monthly flow volumes of
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CHAPTER 4: THE KARIEGA ESTUARY Chap
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length. The system has a low turbid
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Figure 4.2: Street Map of Kenton-on
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municipality have been investigated
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4.5.1 Recreational uses Boating: Th
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4.5.3 Commercial and industrial use
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swimming and other activities commo
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Table 4.5: Monthly flow volumes of
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5.1 Physical description of the Mng
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5.3 Water demand in the OR Tambo di
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Figure 5.3: The Port St Johns Water
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The Post Office said fishing permit
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5.5.2 Subsistence uses Villagers re
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harvesting permits (KZN subsistence
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Table 5.3: Mngazi River Bungalows v
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winter. After this water levels bui
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Mngazana River itself is approximat
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Avicennia and usually in or near wa
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6.5 Water demand around the Mngazan
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Picnicking: The banks of the Mngaza
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main type of farm activity in the a
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An account of field experiences dur
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questions were unanswered (except f
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and Mngazana estuaries (Table 7.3).
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good understanding of the functions
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7.7), indicating that a significant
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No. of people 250 200 150 100 50 0
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No of respondents 140 120 100 80 60
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and Mngazana) travelled shorter dis
Page 138 and 139: In the light of these statistical f
Page 140 and 141: Due to the respondents refusing to
Page 142 and 143: 8.3.2 Results and interpretation Re
Page 144 and 145: 8.4.2 Results and interpretation Th
Page 146 and 147: 8.5.2 Results and interpretation Fo
Page 148 and 149: In the predictive model the adjuste
Page 150 and 151: • The model is well fitted based
Page 152 and 153: • For the Swartkops and Mngazana
Page 154 and 155: Table 9.1: TWTP - selected estuarie
Page 156 and 157: 9.1.3 Size of user population By de
Page 158 and 159: 139 particular turned out to be too
Page 160 and 161: Table 9.4: The Kariega estuary user
Page 162 and 163: Table 9.6: The Mngazana estuary use
Page 164 and 165: BAIRD, D., MARAIS, J.F.K. AND BATE,
Page 166 and 167: BREEN, C. AND MCKENZIE, M. (2001).
Page 168 and 169: DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS
Page 170 and 171: HANLEY, N. AND SPASH, C.L. (1993).
Page 172 and 173: LOFGREN, K-G. (1995). Market and ex
Page 174 and 175: NELSON MANDELA METROPOLITAN MUNICIP
Page 176 and 177: SCHALACHER, T.A. AND WOOLDRIDGE, T.
Page 178 and 179: WHITFIELD, A.K. (2000). Available S
Page 180 and 181: Region ¹ Mouth type ¹ Scientific
Page 182 and 183: Region ¹ M outh ty pe ¹ S c ienti
Page 184 and 185: Region ¹ Mouth type ¹ Scientific
Page 186 and 187: FILL IN THE GAPS IN THE PERSON’S
Page 190 and 191: 171 19. DO YOU HAVE ANY OTHER COMME
Page 192 and 193: high security, including patrols by
Page 194 and 195: APPENDIX 5: Some common fish found
Page 196 and 197: APPENDIX 7: Some common birds found
Page 198 and 199: APPENDIX 9: Field experiences - Mng
Page 200 and 201: APPENDIX 10: Some common fish found
Page 202 and 203: owned by white people from all arou
Page 204 and 205: APPENDIX 13:Trees of the Mngazi and
Page 206 and 207: APPENDIX 15: Example of monthly fis
Page 208 and 209: APPENDIX 16: Example of annual fish
Page 210 and 211: APPENDIX 17: Information brochure h
Page 212 and 213: “The entire issue as far as the u
Page 214: WHITFIELD, A.K. (2000). Available S
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