Quantum Vacuum on the Worldline
Quantum Vacuum on the Worldline
Quantum Vacuum on the Worldline
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The <str<strong>on</strong>g>Quantum</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Vacuum</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
<strong>Worldline</strong> Approach<br />
<strong>Worldline</strong> applicati<strong>on</strong>s<br />
Higher loops per pedes<br />
⊲ <strong>Worldline</strong>:<br />
∼<br />
<br />
T<br />
Generalized Heisenberg-Euler Effective Acti<strong>on</strong>s<br />
Casimir Effect<br />
N<strong>on</strong>perturbative <strong>Worldline</strong> Dynamics<br />
<br />
e −ie H dx·A(x)<br />
Holger Gies <str<strong>on</strong>g>Quantum</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Vacuum</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Worldline</strong><br />
<br />
<br />
dτ1dτ2 ∆(x(τ1), x(τ2))<br />
x
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