Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information

Norrbom Status of Knowledge 23
Table 1. Genus and species group names of Tephritidae by decade
Period Genus Group Names Species Group Names
Available Valid % Valid Available Valid % Valid
1758-1760 0 0 0 9 8 89
1761-1770 0 0 0 3 2 67
1771-1780 0 0 0 17 12 71
1781-1790 0 0 0 16 5 31
1791-1800 2 1 50 20 9 45
1801-1810 3 3 100 26 11 42
1811-1820 0 0 0 36 15 42
1821-1830 20 17 85 136 73 54
1831-1840 6 4 38 38 15 39
1841-1850 5 2 40 126 79 63
1851-1860 25 18 72 134 95 71
1861-1870 28 14 50 233 153 66
1871-1880 24 15 63 68 50 74
1881-1890 6 2 33 27 17 63
1891-1900 11 8 73 149 120 81
1901-1910 13 11 85 152 103 68
1911-1920 133 82 62 556 427 77
1921-1930 72 48 67 393 301 77
1931-1940 112 73 65 915 748 82
1941-1950 65 40 62 382 307 80
1951-1960 52 34 65 388 324 84
1961-1970 20 11 55 205 163 80
1971-1980 38 28 74 366 326 89
1981-1990 128 74 58 652 619 95
1991-1996 39 36 92 288 279 97
Totals 802 521 65 5,335 4,257 80
Table 2. Genus and species group names of Tephritidae by 50 year periods
Period Major Workers
butions are sporadic. The distiphallus is small, with little
sclerotization (Freidberg, pers. obs.).
The Eutretini may be a polyphyletic group, as the main
character used to delimit it, the usual presence of a parafacial
spot, occurs sporadically in other Tephritinae (Foote et al.
1993), and it is absent in a few included taxa (e.g., Polymorphomyia,
some species of Afreutreta and Eutreta). The eye is
banded or spotted in live or fresh specimens of most species
where this character has been studied (Munro 1926, Foote et al.
1993), an apomorphy perhaps indicating relationship with the
Schistopterini. There are at least three groups of related genera
within the tribe: Afreutreta, Cosmetothrix and Tarchonanthea
(Freidberg & Kaplan 1993); Eutreta, Polymorphomyia and
Pseudeutreta; and Laksyetsa, Paracantha, Rachiptera and
Strobelia (Foote et al. 1993; Norrbom, pers. obs.). Freidberg &
Genus Group Names Species Group Names
Available
Valid % Valid
Available
Valid % Valid
1758-1800 Linnaeus, Fabricius 3 2 67 65 36 55
1801-1850 Meigen, Wiedemann, Macquart 33 25 76 362 193 53
1851-1900 Walker, Loew, Wulp 94 57 61 611 435 71
1901-1950 Bezzi, Hendel, Hering, Munro, Malloch 395 254 64 2,398 1,886 79
1951-Present Munro, Hardy, Aczel, Foote, Drew 277 183 66 1,899 1,711 90
Kaplan (1993) considered the relationships of the Afreutreta
group to be uncertain and placed it within the Tephritini.
For the Noeetini the barbed shape of the aculeus tip is here
considered a synapomorphy, although it is secondarily lost in
one species of Ensina. The long, slender shape of the acrophallus
of the distiphallus is a synapomorphy of the genera exclusive
of Ensina (Korneyev & Norrbom, in prep.). All species of
Noeetini whose biology is known breed in flowers of Lactuceae
(Asteraceae).
History of Tephritid Classification
Species of Tephritidae were among the first flies described
by Linnaeus (1758), Fabricius, and their contemporaries.
Although the valid family name was not proposed until
1834 by Newman, fruit flies were recognized as a group as early
as 1795 by Schrank (as “Bohrfliege”) in his genus Trupanea,
the earliest genus now placed in the Tephritidae.