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2009934667 Physical characteristics Gustorics Proxemics Body Synchrony Aesthetics Kinesics Artifactics Olfactics Self Haptics Chapter 3 Nonverbal Communication 65 Categories of Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal channels can be divided into many categories. Our discussion of these categories centers on kinesics, proxemics, paravocalics, chronemics, olfactics, aesthetics, and gustorics. 31 (See Figure 3.3.) Kinesics: Body Communication Kinesics is the study of communication through the body and its body movements. We communicate through the gestures we use, the way we walk and stand, the expressions on our faces and in our eyes, the manner in which we combine these variables to open or close channels, and what we look like. Specific areas studied in the area of kinesics are facsics; ocalics; gestics; haptics; posture, walk, and stance; artifactics; and physical characteristics. Facsics Facsics is the study of how the face communicates. “The 80 muscles of the face can create more than 7,000 expressions.” 32 These expressions range from communicating our internal states such as anger or fear, to carrying messages to others of whether we want to interrupt what they are saying or are interested and want them to continue to speak. The face sends information about our personality, interests, responsiveness, and emotional states. How we perceive another person is often based on that person’s facial expressions as we observe or interact with her. Research about the face and its messages has been conducted through FACS (Facial Action Coding System). Through this process, we have more data about the face than about any other area of nonverbal communication. 33 What has been determined is that facial expressions are highly complex. Facial expressions are Facsics Paravocalics Gestics Ocalics Chronemics FIGURE 3.3 Categories of Nonverbal Communication Communicating: A Social and Career Focus, Tenth Edition, by Roy M. Berko, Andrew D. Wolvin, and Darlyn R. Wolvin. Published by Allyn & Bacon. Copyright © 2007 by <strong>Pearson</strong> Education, Inc.
66 Part One Foundations of Communication Touch is not only culturespecific but gender-specific. movements of such brief duration that if we don’t watch carefully, we miss the message. They are also so subtle that they can just pass by us as an observer. An upturn of the corners of the mouth, nasal cavity expansions, an eyebrow arching, a dropping jaw, or open mouth are so subtle that they are often overlooked and the message is not conveyed. The FACS studies indicate that such emotions as anger, fear, disgust, sadness, happiness, surprise, and contempt may be universal signals. However, other research states that there is not enough evidence to prove this. Because each language system has its own words for these emotions, there would still be questions over the universal theory. 34 Based on his early study of facsics, the leading FACS researcher summarized the importance of the face in communication when he said, “It’s the one social fact that accurately reflects our subjective experiences. It’s the only reflection of man’s inner emotional life that is visible to the world.” If anything, follow-up research has proved him to be correct. 35 Ocalics Ocalics is the study of how the eyes communicate. Winking, closing the eyes, and raising or lowering the eyelids and eyebrows can convey meaning. The eye, unlike other organs of the body, is an extension of the brain. 36 Because of this, it is almost impossible for an individual to disguise eye meaning from someone who is a member of the same culture. Sayings such as “Look at the sparkle in her eye” and “He couldn’t look me straight in the eye” have meaning. Of all our features, our eyes are the most revealing. Often they communicate Communicating: A Social and Career Focus, Tenth Edition, by Roy M. Berko, Andrew D. Wolvin, and Darlyn R. Wolvin. Published by Allyn & Bacon. Copyright © 2007 by <strong>Pearson</strong> Education, Inc. 2009934667
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