Pharmacology Demystified

More documents

Recommendations

Info

448 Iontophoresis, 279t Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent), 264 Irbesartan Avapro), 359 Isocarboxazid (Marplan), 301 Isoetharine (Bronkosol), 264 Isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid, Laniazid), 243, 243t Isosorbide, 405t Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil, Sorbitrate), 352 Isosorbide mononitrate (Monoket, Imdur), 352 Isotonic fluids, 160 Isotretinoin, 375t Isoxsuprine (Vasodilan), 369 Ivermectin (Mectizan), 250 IV fluids colloids, 160–161 crystalloids, 160 lipids, 161 overview, 160 K Kanamycin, 231t, 243t Kave kava (Piper methysticum), 133 Kay Ciel interaction with penicillin, 214 Kefauver-Harris Amendment (1962) to Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 3 Keratolytics, 376 Ketamine (Ketalar), 278t Kidneys and blood pressure, 356 L Labetalol (Normodyne), 286t Lacerations, 382 Lactulose, 338 Lamivudine (Epzicom), 319 Lansoprazole (Prevacid), 343 Laryngitis, 260 L-dopa, 69t Lente insulin, 394 LET (lidocaine, epinephrine, and tetracaine), 278–279, 279t Leukotriene modifiers, 265 Levobunolol, 404t Levofloxacin (Levaquin), 239t Levorphanol (Levo-Dromoran), 310t Levothyroxine (Levothroid, Synthroid), 390 Librax (chlordiazepoxide and clidinium), 341 Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), 133 Lidocaine, 354t Lincomycin, 226t interaction with chloramphenicol, 236 Lincosamides, including clindamycins, 224–226, 226t drug-drug interactions, 225 nursing diagnosis, 225–226 Liotric (Euthroid, Thyrolar), 390 Lipids, 161 Liquid medication, 99 Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril), 359 Lithium contraindicated with breastfeeding, 55 LMWHs (low molecular weight heparins), 365 Local anesthetics, 280, 280t Lomefloxacin (Maxaquin), 239t Loop or high-ceiling diuretics, 360–362 Lopinavir, 319 Loracarbef (Lorabid), 220t, 407t Lorazepam (Ativan), 70t, 297, 333 Losartan (Cozaar), 359 Lovastatin (Mevacor), 368 Lower respiratory tract disorders asthma, 263–264 bronchiectasis, 262 chronic bronchitis, 262 emphysema, 263 medications to treat COPD anti-inflammatories, 265 bronchodilators, 264–265 expectorants, 265–266 leukotriene modifiers, 265 mast stabilizer drugs, 266 overview, 261 pneumonia, 261 tuberculosis, 261–262 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs), 365 Loxapine, 297t LSD, 74–75 Lugol’s solution, 391 Lyothyronine (Cytomel), 390 Lypressin (Diapid), 387 M Macrolide antibiotics, 222–224, 223t drug-drug interactions, 224 nursing diagnosis, 224 Index
Index Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon), 382 Magnesium, 176–177 hypermagnesemia, 176–177 hypomagnesemia, 177 Major (unipolar) depression, 298 Mannitol, 360, 362, 405t MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors, 298, 300t, 301 MAO-B inhibitors, 288, 289t Maprotiline (Ludiomil), 298, 300t Marijuana, 70t days detectable in urine, 68t Mast stabilizer drugs, 266 MDI (metered dose inhaler), 102–103 Mebandazole (Vermox), 250 Medication administration record (MAR), 87–88 Medication errors, 90–91 Medullary paralysis, 277 Memantine (Namenda), 292 Meperidine (Demerol), 310, 310t Mephenytoin, 294 Mephobarbital, 275, 294 Meropenem (Merrem), 241t Mescaline, 75 Mesoridazine besylate (Serentil), 296 Metabolism, 84–85 Metaproterenol sulfate (Alupent), 264 Metaraminol (Aramine), 285t Metered dose inhaler (MDI), 102–103 Metformin (Glucophage), 395 Methadone, 310t days detectable in urine, 68t Methazolamide, 361, 363 Methicillin (Staphcillin), 211t Methocarbamol (Robaxin), 290 Methotrexate, 376 contraindicated with breastfeeding, 55 interaction with penicillin, 214 Methoxyflurane (Penthrane) interaction with aminoglycosides, 230 Methychlothiazide (Aquatensen, Enduron), 360 Methylcellulose (Citrucel), 339 Methylphenidate (Ritalin), 271 Methylprednisolone, 334, 379t Methylthiouracil (Tapazole), 390 Methysergide, 272 Metoclopramide (Reglan), 333 Metolazone (Zaroxolyn), 360 449 Metoprolol (Lopressor), 286, 286t, 352 Metric system converting, 116–117 household measurements, 115, 115t overview, 113–114, 114t Mezlocillin (Mezlin), 213t Migraine headaches, 272–273, 273t Milrinone (Primacor), 350 Minerals. See Vitamins and minerals Minocycline, 233, 235t, 375t Minoxidil (Rogaine), 380 Misoprostol (Cytotec), 343 Molindone, 297t Mometasone (Elocon), 379t Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, 298, 300t, 301 MAO-B inhibitors, 288, 289t Morphine, 69t Multiple sclerosis (MS), 290–291 copaxone (glatiramer acetate injection), 291 copolymer 1, 291 corticosteroids, 291 interferonβ-1B (Betaseron) and interferonβ-1a (Avonex), 291 Muromonab-DC3 (Orthoclone OKT3), 325 Muscle spasms and pain, 289–290 Myasthenia gravis, 290 Mycophenolate mofetil (Cell Cept), 325 N Nadolol (Corgard), 286t, 352 Nafcillin (Unipen), 211t Nalbuphine (Nubain), 311 Naloxone (Narcan), 311 Naratriptan, 273t Narcotic agonists narcotic agonist-antagonists, 310–311, 310t narcotic analgesics, 310 narcotic antagonists, 311 overview, 305, 309, 311–312 pain assessment, 308–309 components of, 307 defining, 307–308 gate control theory, 307 influences on administrating pain medication, 306 overview, 305–306 quiz, 312–313
Page 2 and 3:
PHARMACOLOGY DEMYSTIFIED
Page 4 and 5:
PHARMACOLOGY DEMYSTIFIED MARY KAMIE
Page 6 and 7:
Professional Want to learn more? We
Page 8 and 9:
vi CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 Pharmacology
Page 10 and 11:
viii CONTENTS CHAPTER 9 Vitamins an
Page 12 and 13:
x CONTENTS Tuberculosis 243 Antifun
Page 14 and 15:
xii CONTENTS CHAPTER 22 Disorders o
Page 16 and 17:
xiv A Look Inside INTRODUCTION Phar
Page 18 and 19:
xvi CHAPTER 8: HERBAL THERAPY Herba
Page 20 and 21:
xviii CHAPTER 17: IMMUNOLOGIC AGENT
Page 22 and 23:
This page intentionally left blank
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
2 are prescribed; and how they are
Page 28 and 29:
4 The Source of Drugs Ask a child w
Page 30 and 31:
6 Drugs Names One of the most confu
Page 32 and 33:
8 Drug Safety CHAPTER 1 An Inside L
Page 34 and 35:
10 PHASE II: LIMITED CONTROLLED EVA
Page 36 and 37:
12 Drug Orders CHAPTER 1 An Inside
Page 38 and 39:
14 Table 1-1. (continued) CHAPTER 1
Page 40 and 41:
16 TYPES OF DRUG ORDERS CHAPTER 1 A
Page 42 and 43:
18 Healthcare providers should also
Page 44 and 45:
20 Summary CHAPTER 1 An Inside Look
Page 46 and 47:
22 4. Herbals are tested and regula
Page 48 and 49:
24 Drug Actions Drug action is the
Page 50 and 51:
26 PHARMACOKINETICS Pharmacokinetic
Page 52 and 53:
28 molecules and a carrier must be
Page 54 and 55:
30 CHAPTER 2 Drug Action and Drug I
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
34 The response time is plotted on
Page 60 and 61:
36 Side Effects The drug’s Therap
Page 62 and 63:
38 Summary CHAPTER 2 Drug Action an
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
42 The Nursing Process CHAPTER 3 Ph
Page 68 and 69:
44 CHAPTER 3 Pharmacology and the N
Page 70 and 71:
46 Patient information CHAPTER 3 Ph
Page 72 and 73:
48 Some drugs such as barbiturates,
Page 74 and 75:
50 achieve the goal statement. An i
Page 76 and 77:
52 Impact of Cultural Influences in
Page 78 and 79:
54 Mother and the Fetus Pediatrics
Page 80 and 81:
56 CHAPTER 3 Pharmacology and the N
Page 82 and 83:
58 Quiz CHAPTER 3 Pharmacology and
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
62 A medication is misused whenever
Page 88 and 89:
64 For a variety of reasons, a subs
Page 90 and 91:
66 a medication for pain creates a
Page 92 and 93:
68 CHAPTER 4 Substance Abuse mine i
Page 94 and 95:
70 Table 4-2. (continued) Drug Desc
Page 96 and 97:
72 CHAPTER 4 Substance Abuse Tolera
Page 98 and 99:
74 CHAPTER 4 Substance Abuse to an
Page 100 and 101:
76 CHAPTER 4 Substance Abuse (dizzi
Page 102 and 103:
78 Summary CHAPTER 4 Substance Abus
Page 104 and 105:
80 6. Psilocybin is (a) extracted f
Page 106 and 107:
82 The Nursing Process and Medicati
Page 108 and 109:
84 can available when administering
Page 110 and 111:
86 CHAPTER 5 Medication Administrat
Page 112 and 113:
88 • Create your own medication a
Page 114 and 115:
90 11. Instruct the patient about s
Page 116 and 117:
92 ADMINISTERING MEDICATION AT HOME
Page 118 and 119:
94 Summary Quiz Assessing the patie
Page 120 and 121:
96 CHAPTER 5 Medication Administrat
Page 122 and 123:
98 mouth but instead of ingesting t
Page 124 and 125:
100 increasing number of drugs that
Page 126 and 127:
102 • Instill the prescribed numb
Page 128 and 129:
104 • Flush the tube with 30 to 5
Page 130 and 131:
106 • Assess the patient in 24 to
Page 132 and 133:
108 Table 6-1. Injection sites. Inj
Page 134 and 135:
110 Summary CHAPTER 6 Route of Admi
Page 136 and 137:
112 5. The inner aspect of the fore
Page 138 and 139:
114 Table 7-1. Units and their equi
Page 140 and 141:
116 Converting Metric Units Let’s
Page 142 and 143:
118 There are two methods nurses ca
Page 144 and 145:
120 For example, the prescriber mig
Page 146 and 147:
122 Quiz CHAPTER 7 Dose Calculation
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
126 CHAPTER 8 Herbal Therapy fact t
Page 152 and 153:
128 Herbal capsule is another commo
Page 154 and 155:
130 After choosing a nursing diagno
Page 156 and 157:
132 DONG QUAI (ANGELICA SINESIS) Do
Page 158 and 159:
134 SAGE (SALVIA OFFICINALIS) Dry s
Page 160 and 161:
136 4. Chamomile should not be take
Page 162 and 163:
138 However, larger amounts of vita
Page 164 and 165:
140 Table 9-1. (continued) B3 Eggs,
Page 166 and 167:
142 CHAPTER 9 Vitamins and Minerals
Page 168 and 169:
144 CHAPTER 9 Vitamins and Minerals
Page 170 and 171:
146 Vitamin B Complex (continued) C
Page 172 and 173:
148 Vitamin B 12 the transcobalamin
Page 174 and 175:
150 Alert the patient to the signs
Page 176 and 177:
152 Zinc Dose 12-19 mg/day Maintena
Page 178 and 179:
154 Summary Quiz Vitamins and miner
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
158 Body Fluids Electrolytes Water
Page 184 and 185:
160 IV Fluids osmolar. Hypo-osmolar
Page 186 and 187:
162 CHAPTER 10 Fluid and Electrolyt
Page 188 and 189:
164 • Weight (not increased). •
Page 190 and 191:
166 • Diaphoresis. • Dialysis.
Page 192 and 193:
168 cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Page 194 and 195:
170 • Read all labels on food pro
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
176 • Administer vitamin D. • H
Page 202 and 203:
178 Phosphorus is acquired by eatin
Page 204 and 205:
180 Summary • Confusion. • Oste
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
184 CHAPTER 11 Nutritional Support
Page 210 and 211:
186 There are various mixtures that
Page 212 and 213:
188 Table 11-1. (continued) CHAPTER
Page 214 and 215:
190 • Potential for loss of skin
Page 216 and 217:
192 The Nursing Process and Parente
Page 218 and 219:
194 Quiz CHAPTER 11 Nutritional Sup
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
198 fluid and white blood cells to
Page 224 and 225:
200 COMMON TYPES OF ARTHRITIS CHAPT
Page 226 and 227:
202 3. Which of the following relie
Page 228 and 229:
204 Microorganisms—A Small Formid
Page 230 and 231:
206 4. They inhibit the bacteria’
Page 232 and 233:
208 Otherwise, this can lead to und
Page 234 and 235:
210 CHAPTER 13 Antimicrobials—Fig
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
214 PENICILLIN AND DRUG-DRUG INTERA
Page 240 and 241:
216 Cephalosporin can be prescribed
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
222 MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS CHAPTER 1
Page 248 and 249:
224 Macrolides and Drug-Drug Intera
Page 250 and 251:
226 Here are the common nursing dia
Page 252 and 253:
228 • Ethacrynate parenteral [Ede
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
232 TETRACYCLINES CHAPTER 13 Antimi
Page 258 and 259:
234 Tetracyclines, Nursing Diagnosi
Page 260 and 261:
236 Chloramphenicol and Drug-Drug I
Page 262 and 263:
238 Fluoroquinolones and Drug-Drug
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
248 Anthelmintic CHAPTER 13 Antimic
Page 274 and 275:
250 Summary CHAPTER 13 Antimicrobia
Page 276 and 277:
252 3. Antibiotics fight off bacter
Page 278 and 279:
254 The respiratory tract is divide
Page 280 and 281:
256 TRACHEOBRONCHIAL TUBE The trach
Page 282 and 283:
258 gestants—especially nasal spr
Page 284 and 285:
260 ACUTE PHARYNGITIS Acute pharyng
Page 286 and 287:
262 disease. More than 1 1 /2 billi
Page 288 and 289:
264 leukotrienes inhibit the action
Page 290 and 291:
266 Summary CHAPTER 14 Respiratory
Page 292 and 293:
268 7. Constriction of the bronchio
Page 294 and 295:
270 iology of the system. The nervo
Page 296 and 297:
272 analeptics are benzphetamine (D
Page 298 and 299:
274 CHAPTER 15 Nervous System Drugs
Page 300 and 301:
276 Other Barbiturates (continued)
Page 302 and 303:
278 Commonly administered intraveno
Page 304 and 305:
280 Other Local Anesthetic Agents L
Page 306 and 307:
282 Receptor Physiologic responses
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
288 Anticholinergics drugs block pa
Page 314 and 315:
290 Centrally acting muscle relaxan
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
294 types of seizures defined by th
Page 320 and 321:
296 Atypical antipsychotic drugs ar
Page 322 and 323:
298 There are three types of depres
Page 324 and 325:
300 Table 15-3. Side effects of ant
Page 326 and 327:
302 Quiz Anticonvulsants are medica
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
306 CHAPTER 16 Narcotic Agonists Fo
Page 332 and 333:
308 Pain Assessment Pain is classif
Page 334 and 335:
310 NARCOTIC ANALGESICS Narcotic an
Page 336 and 337:
312 Quiz Pharmacological pain treat
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
316 and cells from transplant donor
Page 342 and 343:
318 CHAPTER 17 Immunologic Agents T
Page 344 and 345:
320 A list of drugs utilized in the
Page 346 and 347:
322 also be acquired from a pool of
Page 348 and 349:
324 • If more than one vaccine is
Page 350 and 351:
326 Quiz 1. The immune system is ab
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
330 esophagus, stomach, small intes
Page 356 and 357:
332 If nonpharmacological measures
Page 358 and 359:
334 Glucocorticoids Glucocorticoids
Page 360 and 361:
336 CHAPTER 18 Gastrointestinal Sys
Page 362 and 363:
338 There are four types of laxativ
Page 364 and 365:
340 Emollients Emollients (surfacta
Page 366 and 367:
342 Anticholinergic Anticholinergic
Page 368 and 369:
344 Summary CHAPTER 18 Gastrointest
Page 370 and 371:
346 CHAPTER 18 Gastrointestinal Sys
Page 372 and 373:
348 blood to cells and absorb waste
Page 374 and 375:
350 Plasma contains glucose, protei
Page 376 and 377:
352 2. Unstable (preinfarction). Un
Page 378 and 379:
354 CHAPTER 19 Cardiac Circulatory
Page 380 and 381:
356 • Stress. • Diet. • Exces
Page 382 and 383:
358 Angiotensin antagonists Drugs i
Page 384 and 385:
360 Most sodium and water reabsorpt
Page 386 and 387:
362 CHAPTER 19 Cardiac Circulatory
Page 388 and 389:
364 Caution should be used with pat
Page 390 and 391:
366 Thrombolytics When a blood clot
Page 392 and 393:
368 and triglycerides and contribut
Page 394 and 395:
370 Quiz CHAPTER 19 Cardiac Circula
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
374 Skin Disorders Epidermal cells
Page 400 and 401:
376 hands, knees, and soles of the
Page 402 and 403:
378 At the first sign of contact de
Page 404 and 405:
380 Severe febrile illnesses, pregn
Page 406 and 407:
382 Summary (Sulfamylon), silver su
Page 408 and 409:
384 3. Contact dermatitis is caused
Page 410 and 411:
386 Table 21-1. Endocrine glands an
Page 412 and 413:
388 CHAPTER 21 Endocrine Medication
Page 414 and 415:
390 of the eyelids and face, thick
Page 416 and 417:
392 insulin secretion from the beta
Page 418 and 419:
394 areas than when given in the th
Page 420 and 421:
396 Summary Thiazolidinediones such
Page 422 and 423: 398 4. Glucocorticoids therapy is u
Page 424 and 425: 400 GLAUCOMA The eye is under const
Page 426 and 427: 402 Eye Medication CHAPTER 22 Disor
Page 428 and 429: 404 Table 22-1. Ophthalmic medicati
Page 430 and 431: 406 Common ear disorders are cerume
Page 432 and 433: 408 Patient Education for Ear Medic
Page 434 and 435: 410 CHAPTER 22 Disorders of the Eye
Page 436 and 437: 412 5. Peppermint may relieve migra
Page 438 and 439: 414 20. An undesired outcome of a m
Page 440 and 441: 416 35. Order: Duricef 0.4g On hand
Page 442 and 443: 418 50. NNRTs arrests the progressi
Page 444 and 445: 420 64. Antibiotics fight off virus
Page 446 and 447: 422 79. A pregnant patient tells th
Page 448 and 449: 424 93. Spinach is a source of iron
Page 450 and 451: 426 CHAPTER 3 1. b 2. b 3. d 4. b 5
Page 452 and 453: 428 CHAPTER 17 1. c 2. a 3. d 4. a
Page 454 and 455: This page intentionally left blank
Page 456 and 457: 432 CHAPTER 14: Respiratory Disease
Page 458 and 459: 434 CHAPTER 17: Immunologic Agents
Page 460 and 461: This page intentionally left blank
Page 462 and 463: 438 Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), 1
Page 464 and 465: 440 Basics of pharmacology (Continu
Page 466 and 467: 442 Chronic obstructive pulmonary d
Page 468 and 469: 444 Drug action and drug interactio
Page 470 and 471: 446 G Galantamine (Reminyl), 292292
Page 474 and 475: 450 Narcotics, controlling, 93 Naso
Page 476 and 477: 452 Pharmaceutic phase, 24-25, 25t
Page 478 and 479: 454 Route of medication administrat
Page 480 and 481: 456 Trimipramine (Surmontil), 299t
show all

Pharmacology Demystified

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?