The history of the popes, from the close of the middle ages : drawn ...

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PASTOR'S HISTORY
T H B ( . : . 2 HISTORY OF THE POPES FROM THE CLOSE OF THE MIDDLE AGES DRAWN FROM THE SECRET ARCHIVES OF THE VATICAN AND OTHER ORIGINAL SOURCES FROM THE GERMAN OF THE LATE LUDWIG, FREIHERR VON PASTOR TRANSLATED BY DOM ERNEST GRAF, O.S.B. MONK OF BUCKFAST VOLUME XXXIII CLEMENT XI (i 700-1 721) LONDON KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., LTD. BROADWAY HOUSE : 68-74 CARTER LANE, E.C, 1941 WO '^
Page 2 and 3: BX 955 .P35 1891 v. 33 Pastor, Ludw
Page 5: HISTORY OF THE POPES VOL. XXXIII
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXXIH. PAGES Col
Page 11 and 12: COLLECTIONS OF ARCHIVES AND MANU- S
Page 13 and 14: COMPLETE TITLES OF BOOKS QUOTED . I
Page 15 and 16: QUOTED IN VOLS. XXXIII. AND XXXIV.
Page 31: QUOTED IN VOLS. XXXIII. AND XXXIV.
Page 34 and 35: XXX TABLE OF CONTENTS A.D PAGE 1706
Page 36 and 37: XXXll TABLE OF CONTENTS A.D. Jansen
Page 38 and 39: XXXIV TABLE OF CONTENTS A.D. Ancest
Page 41 and 42: CLEMENT XL 1700-1721. CHAPTER I. K
Page 43 and 44: PARTIES. 3 was not the opposition o
Page 45 and 46: ^ CANDIDATES. 5 but likewise the ne
Page 47 and 48: ALBANI ELECTED. 7 festivities.^ Dur
Page 49 and 50: ALBANI S RISE. 9 became the most in
Page 51 and 52: CLEMENT XI. II But there were limit
Page 53 and 54: THE PAPAL NEPHEWS. I3 Clement XI. k
Page 55 and 56: THE SPANISH SUCCESSION. I5 and in t
Page 57 and 58:
THE POPE WILLING TO MEDIATE. I7 At
Page 59 and 60:
FURTHER STEPS BY THE POPE. I9 the E
Page 61 and 62:
SURRENDER OF MANTUA. 21 Lamberg nev
Page 63 and 64:
FRANCO-SPANISH INTRIGUES. 23 the Em
Page 65 and 66:
DEATH OF JAMES II. OF ENGLAND. 25 i
Page 67 and 68:
TENSION IN ROME. 27 this plan by as
Page 69 and 70:
CARLO BARBERINI S LEGATION. 29 the
Page 71 and 72:
PRESSURE ON CLEMENT XI. 3I injured,
Page 73 and 74:
PRESSURE ON CLEMENT XI. 33 intimida
Page 75 and 76:
— CHAPTER II. Joseph I.'s Contest
Page 77 and 78:
THE POPE STRIVES FOR AN AGREEMENT.
Page 79 and 80:
THE EMPEROR S GRIEVANCES., 39 a ten
Page 81 and 82:
FRENCH DEFEATS. 4I The reaction was
Page 83 and 84:
THE AUSTRIANS IN THE PAPAL STATES.
Page 85 and 86:
THE emperor's TROOPS IN PARMA AND M
Page 87 and 88:
^ THE POPE S RESISTANCE. 47 " to mi
Page 89 and 90:
THE POPE S RESISTANCE. 49 the same
Page 91 and 92:
AN IMPERIAL MANIFESTO. 5I Instead o
Page 93 and 94:
ANTI-PAPAL WRITINGS. 53 in Joseph's
Page 95 and 96:
OUTBREAK OF WAR. 55 These polemics
Page 97 and 98:
THE POPE S MILITARY IMPOTENCE. 57 C
Page 99 and 100:
NEGOTIATIONS. 59 were heard at the
Page 101 and 102:
NEGOTIATIONS. 6l was the one fraugh
Page 103 and 104:
THE POPE YIELDS. 63 himself surroun
Page 105 and 106:
BREACH BETWEEN ROME AND SPAIN. 65 f
Page 107 and 108:
BREACH BETWEEN ROME AND SPAIN. 67 c
Page 109 and 110:
PEACE WITH THE EMPEROR. 69 would no
Page 111 and 112:
— CHAPTER III. Philip V.'s Hostil
Page 113 and 114:
TENSION BETWEEN ROME AND MADRID. 73
Page 115 and 116:
THE TENSION CONTINUES. 75 An even m
Page 117 and 118:
, church.^ MACANAZ MEMORIAL. 77 So
Page 119 and 120:
NEGOTIATIONS ABOUT COMACCHIO. 79 Co
Page 121 and 122:
NEGOTIATIONS CONTINUE. 8l The negot
Page 123 and 124:
DEATH OF JOSEPH I. 83 compromising
Page 125 and 126:
PROSPECT OF A PROTESTANT EMPEROR. 8
Page 127 and 128:
THE IMPERIAL ELECTION. 87 the imper
Page 129 and 130:
AUGUSTUS OF SAXONY'S CANDIDATURE. 8
Page 131 and 132:
ALBANI AT FRANKFORT. 9I whilst at t
Page 133 and 134:
PAPAL ATTITUDE TO THE ELECTION. 93
Page 135 and 136:
PEACE OF UTRECHT. 95 The peace cong
Page 137 and 138:
PEACE OF UTRECHT. 97 he reported th
Page 139 and 140:
PAPAL POLICY. 99 From the first Cle
Page 141 and 142:
PEACE OF RASTATT. lOI with England
Page 143 and 144:
PASSIONEI S INSTRUCTIONS. IO3 this
Page 145 and 146:
PASSIONEI S INSTRUCTIONS. I05 erect
Page 147 and 148:
PEACE OF BADEN. I07 of Baden. ^ The
Page 149 and 150:
PEACE OF BADEN. IO9 only against al
Page 151 and 152:
PAPAL ACTION. Ill against Venice.^
Page 153 and 154:
PAPAL ACTION. II3 Electors of Mayen
Page 155 and 156:
DEATH OF LOUIS XIV. II5 of the Gree
Page 157 and 158:
CHANGE IN MADRID. II7 Madrid, to at
Page 159 and 160:
CHANGE IN MADRID. IIQ ecclesiastica
Page 161 and 162:
ALBERONI. 121 had waited so long/ c
Page 163 and 164:
NEGOTIATIONS. I23 would profit indi
Page 165 and 166:
VICTORY OF PETERWARDEIN. 125 offere
Page 167 and 168:
PAPAL EFFORTS ON BEHALF OF CORFU. I
Page 169 and 170:
MINOR SUCCESSES. I29 When Pisani se
Page 171 and 172:
FURTHER PREPARATIONS. I3I occasion
Page 173 and 174:
FURTHER PREPARATIONS. I33 the mista
Page 175 and 176:
ALBERONI S AMBITION. I35 greatest i
Page 177 and 178:
NEGOTIATIONS WITH SPAIN. I37 the eq
Page 179 and 180:
THE CHRISTIAN FLEET PUTS TO SEA. I3
Page 181 and 182:
SURRENDER OF BELGRADE. I41 Janissar
Page 183 and 184:
SPANISH ATTACK ON SARDINIA. I43 mor
Page 185 and 186:
THE POPE S INDIGNATION. I45 and Alb
Page 187 and 188:
BITTERNESS IN VIENNA. I47 able ange
Page 189 and 190:
THE CONCORDAT RATIFIED. 149 Clement
Page 191 and 192:
THE POPE TRICKED. 15I Meanwhile Cle
Page 193 and 194:
ALDROVANDI S MISTAKES. 153 disappro
Page 195 and 196:
^ IMPERIAL DEMANDS. 155 Aldrovandi
Page 197 and 198:
IMPERIAL DEMANDS. 157 ambassador ha
Page 199 and 200:
SPANISH ENCROACHMENTS. 159 ecclesia
Page 201 and 202:
CLEMENT XI. AND ACQUAVIVA. l6l port
Page 203 and 204:
DISCUSSIONS. 163 not accepted and e
Page 205 and 206:
A LETTER OF ALBERONI. 165 the reven
Page 207 and 208:
FALL OF ALBERONL 167 Savoy would be
Page 209 and 210:
FALL OF ALBERONI. 169 instructed to
Page 211 and 212:
PROCEEDINGS AGAINST ALBERONI. I71 a
Page 213 and 214:
ALBERONI ACQUITTED. I73 against the
Page 215 and 216:
SPAIN AND ROME RECONCILED. I75 to t
Page 217 and 218:
CHAPTER V. Revival of Jansenism—T
Page 219 and 220:
THE CASE OF CONSCIENCE. 179 at any
Page 221 and 222:
THE CASE OF CONSCIENCE. l8l Auch ha
Page 223 and 224:
ROME INFORMED. 183 suit with a deta
Page 225 and 226:
THE BULL VINEAM DOMINI, 1 85 Innoce
Page 227 and 228:
BRIEF OF JANUARY 15, I706. 187 this
Page 229 and 230:
PORT-ROYAL DOOMED. 189 subscribed.
Page 231 and 232:
DISMANTLING OF PORT-ROYAL. 19I to e
Page 233 and 234:
QUESNEL. 193 latter's death. A fres
Page 235 and 236:
QUESNEL S LITERARY MANNER. I95 to t
Page 237 and 238:
THE REFLEXIONS MORALES. ig^ dealt t
Page 239 and 240:
QUESNEL S TEACHING. I99 and on ever
Page 241 and 242:
NOAILLES PERPLEXITY. 201 had been c
Page 243 and 244:
EPISCOPAL CONDEMNATIONS. 203 In Par
Page 245 and 246:
PAPAL CONDEMNATION. 205 not go so f
Page 247 and 248:
CHAMPFLOUR AND NOAILLES. 207 letter
Page 249 and 250:
LOUIS XIV. INTERVENES. 209 Bishops
Page 251 and 252:
I NOAILLES ATTITUDE. 211 happened t
Page 253 and 254:
ANOTHER BULL. 213 received permissi
Page 255 and 256:
ROMAN DISCUSSIONS. 215 who had obvi
Page 257 and 258:
ROMAN DISCUSSIONS. 217 The French a
Page 259 and 260:
THE BULL UNIGENITUS. 219 At last "
Page 261 and 262:
THE BULL UNIGENITUS. 221 had only c
Page 263 and 264:
THE BULL UNIGENITUS. 223 and that H
Page 265 and 266:
THE BULL UNIGENITUS. 22$ Holy Scrip
Page 267 and 268:
I FENELON AND THE BULL. 227 The Con
Page 269 and 270:
DISCUSSIONS ABOUT ACCEPTANCE. 229 n
Page 271 and 272:
A CRISIS. 231 without addition, tho
Page 273 and 274:
THE COMMISSION DIVIDED. 233 the dif
Page 275 and 276:
THE BULL ACCEPTED. 235 The Archbish
Page 277 and 278:
FENELON ON THE SITUATION. 237 more
Page 279 and 280:
THE ASSEMBLY OF THE CLERGY ACCEPTS.
Page 281 and 282:
FENELON DEFENDS THE BISHOPS. 24I ha
Page 283 and 284:
NOAILLES EMBARRASSMENT. 243 the Bul
Page 285 and 286:
AMELOT IN ROME. 245 (7.) For his am
Page 287 and 288:
FABRONI AGAINST A COUNCIL. 247 shor
Page 289 and 290:
AMELOT AND FABRONI. 249 uncondition
Page 291 and 292:
NEGOTIATIONS. 25I In existing circu
Page 293 and 294:
ROME GRANTS A NATIONAL COUNCIL. 253
Page 295 and 296:
THE REGENT AND JANSENISM. 255 (8.)
Page 297 and 298:
FRESH JANSENIST PUBLICATIONS. 257 K
Page 299 and 300:
OPPOSITION BY THE SORBONNE. 259 dec
Page 301 and 302:
MORE OPPOSITiON . 261 three small v
Page 303 and 304:
RAVECHET AND THE BISHOP OF NANTES.
Page 305 and 306:
THE regent's work FOR UNITY. 265 on
Page 307 and 308:
DELIBERATIONS. 267 of the fifteen c
Page 309 and 310:
THE POPE TO THE REGENT. * 269 contr
Page 311 and 312:
CONSISTORY OF JUNE 27. 27I Urban VI
Page 313 and 314:
EPISCOPAL CONSULTATIONS. 273 Cathol
Page 315 and 316:
ACTION BY THE PARLIAMENTS. 275 Fran
Page 317 and 318:
APPEAL TO A GENERAL COUNCIL. 277 ha
Page 319 and 320:
EFFECTS OF THE APPEAL. 279 the same
Page 321 and 322:
A DANGEROUS SITUATION. 281 by noise
Page 323 and 324:
THE REGENT INTERVENES. 283 D'Huxell
Page 325 and 326:
SILENCE ORDERED. 285 .of Bourges pr
Page 327 and 328:
EXCITEMENT IN PARIS. 287 by Cardina
Page 329 and 330:
LOYAL BISHOPS. 289 and the primacy
Page 331 and 332:
APPEAL CONDEMNED. 29I though the Pa
Page 333 and 334:
THE BULL PASTORA LIS OFFICII. 293 I
Page 335 and 336:
NOAILLES OBSTINACY. 295 rebellious
Page 337 and 338:
MORE APPEALS. 297 against the Son o
Page 339 and 340:
THE PARLIAMENTS. 299 This time also
Page 341 and 342:
NOAILLES PASTORAL INSTRUCTION. 30I
Page 343 and 344:
THE REGENT S POLICY. 303 the Inquis
Page 345 and 346:
FRESH CONSULTATIONS. 305 Bull Unige
Page 347 and 348:
THE REGENT S POLICY. 307 the nation
Page 349 and 350:
PARLIAMENT YIELDS. 3O9 It soon beca
Page 351 and 352:
ENERGETIC ACTION BY THE GOVERNMENT.
Page 353 and 354:
CLEMENT XI. S CONDUCT APPRAISED. 31
Page 355 and 356:
PETER CODDE IN ROME. 315 had inflic
Page 357 and 358:
ACCUSATIONS AGAINST CODDE. 317 opin
Page 359 and 360:
CONDEMNATION OF CODDE. 319 and thei
Page 361 and 362:
THE PRO-VICARS. 321 and West Friesl
Page 363 and 364:
APPEAL TO DUTCH CATHOLICS. 323 As a
Page 365 and 366:
CODDE DEPOSED. 325 the Chapter not
Page 367 and 368:
^ POTKAMP. 327 clergy of Haarlem an
Page 369 and 370:
FURTHER TROUBLES. 329 and persuaded
Page 371 and 372:
JANSENISM RECEDING. 33I made it kno
Page 373 and 374:
APPEAL TO THE STATES AGAINST THE PO
Page 375 and 376:
CHAPTER VI. Clement XL's Activity w
Page 377 and 378:
RAISING THE SPIRITUAL LIFE. 337 The
Page 379 and 380:
RELIGIOUS ORDERS ENCOURAGED. 339 Cl
Page 381 and 382:
EXISTING ORDINANCES UPHELD. 341 dec
Page 383 and 384:
BEATIFICATIONS. 343 Lady and as he
Page 385 and 386:
FIGHT FOR THE CHURCH S FREEDOM. 345
Page 387 and 388:
NEW CARDINALS. 347 had bestowed man
Page 389 and 390:
CREATION OF MAY l8, 1712. 349 of Br
Page 391 and 392:
THE NEW CARDINALS. 351 in all impor
Page 393 and 394:
FURTHER CREATIONS. 353 publicly pro
Page 395 and 396:
NORTH GERMANY. 355 Two Spaniards we
Page 397 and 398:
AGOSTINO STEFFANI. 357 He became a
Page 399 and 400:
AGOSTINO STEFFANI. 35g at Celle a h
Page 401 and 402:
SURVIVAL OF RELIGIOUS HOUSES. 361 S
Page 403 and 404:
PRINCELY CONVERTS. 363 had enabled
Page 405 and 406:
THE MISSIONS. 365 of the University
Page 407 and 408:
MISSIONARY COLLEGES. 367 It goes wi
Page 409 and 410:
THE GREEK ISLES. 369 French Consul
Page 411 and 412:
PETER I. OF RUSSIA. 37I Basilian, a
Page 413 and 414:
THE RUTHENIANS. 373 for reunion the
Page 415 and 416:
THE MARONITES. 375 missionaries wer
Page 417 and 418:
CATHOLICS IN PERSIA. 377 of this st
Page 419 and 420:
THE MECHITHARISTS 379 Rome was well
Page 421 and 422:
ABYSSINIA. 381 XII. had spent 50,00
Page 423 and 424:
NORTHERN AFRICA. 383 Prospects were
Page 425 and 426:
MISSIONS IN TIBET. 385 Japan remain
Page 427 and 428:
SIAM. 387 the English brought Itaha
Page 429 and 430:
THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 389 in Rome
Page 431 and 432:
SOUTH AMERICA. 39I Guadaloupe and p
Page 433 and 434:
CHAPTER VII. Decision of the Questi
Page 435 and 436:
FRANCIS XAVIER IN THE FAR EAST 395
Page 437 and 438:
WORSHIP OF ANCESTORS. 397 of the li
Page 439 and 440:
NAMES OF GOD. 399 The Jesuits did n
Page 441 and 442:
NAMES OF GOD. 4OI of the Latin word
Page 443 and 444:
THE MENDICANTS 403 The disputes amo
Page 445 and 446:
^ THE MENDICANTS 405 these differen
Page 447 and 448:
KANGHI'S DECREE OF 1692. 407 on eac
Page 449 and 450:
THE CONTROVERSY IN ROME. 409 Missio
Page 451 and 452:
THE CONTROVERSY UNDER CLEMENT XI. 4
Page 453 and 454:
TOURNON. 413 1702, in presence of t
Page 455 and 456:
DISCUSSIONS IN ROME. 415 courses ^
Page 457 and 458:
2 MEANING OF THE RITES. 417 Lyonne'
Page 459 and 460:
MEANING OF THE RITES. 419 But if a
Page 461 and 462:
HESITATIONS IN ROME. 421 The oppone
Page 463 and 464:
DECREE OF THE INDEX. 423 them to Ch
Page 465 and 466:
DECREE OF THE INDEX. 425 the expres
Page 467 and 468:
DECREE OF THE INDEX. 427 the other
Page 469 and 470:
TOURNON IN CHINA. 429 In a letter o
Page 471 and 472:
TOURNON IN PEKING. 43I and still Ka
Page 473 and 474:
KANGHI S SUSPICION AROUSED. 433 ann
Page 475 and 476:
CHINESE CHRISTIANS ANXIOUS. 435 Thi
Page 477 and 478:
PAINFUL INCIDENTS. 437 of informati
Page 479 and 480:
MAIGROT BEFORE KANGHI. 439 of Augus
Page 481 and 482:
KANGHI S IRRITATION. 44I now withdr
Page 483 and 484:
PRESENTS FOR THE POPE. 443 court mi
Page 485 and 486:
SCENES. 445 At court the revelation
Page 487 and 488:
THE EMPEROR S WRATH. 447 by threats
Page 489 and 490:
TOURNON AT MACAO. 449 every show of
Page 491 and 492:
tournon's fortitude. 451 as the Pat
Page 493 and 494:
THE POPE AND THE KING OF PORTUGAL.
Page 495 and 496:
FRESH DECREES AGAINST THE RITES. 45
Page 497 and 498:
FURTHER DECREES. 457 meaning, but i
Page 499 and 500:
PEDRINI. 459 (6.) When the situatio
Page 501 and 502:
CONSTITUTION OF I715. 461 unless he
Page 503 and 504:
CASTORANO ARRESTED. 463 copies of t
Page 505 and 506:
CONDUCT OF THE JESUITS. 465 knowled
Page 507 and 508:
PERSECUTIONS. 467 the strongest ter
Page 509 and 510:
MEZZABARBA. 469 demand. The Bull wa
Page 511 and 512:
^ MEZZABARBA AT PEKING. 47I He was
Page 513 and 514:
^ MEZZABARBA AT PEKING. 473 previou
Page 515 and 516:
AUDIENCE WITH KANGHI. 475 Emperor's
Page 517 and 518:
THE LEGATE S JOY. 477 The Legate an
Page 519 and 520:
DISILLUSIONMENT. 479 does not oblig
Page 521 and 522:
mezzabarba's failure. 481 in a hous
Page 523 and 524:
HIS CONCESSIONS. 483 bore nothing b
Page 525 and 526:
THE MALABAR RITES. 485 (8.) The dec
Page 527 and 528:
tournon's prohibitions. 487 feast,
Page 529 and 530:
VISDELOU. 489 the opinion spread in
Page 531 and 532:
CHAPTER VIII. The City of Rome and
Page 533 and 534:
EARTHQUAKES. 493 Fresh, though less
Page 535 and 536:
^ A NIGHT ALARM. 495 throughout the
Page 537 and 538:
CATTLE DISEASE. 497 left us a descr
Page 539 and 540:
PRISON REFORM. 499 organization of
Page 541 and 542:
ENCOURAGEMENT OF LEARNING. 50T hosp
Page 543 and 544:
SCHOLARS. 503 to a vast number of h
Page 545 and 546:
SCHOLARS. 505 Domenico Bernino/ Ale
Page 547 and 548:
ARCH/EOLOGY. 507 commission gave up
Page 549 and 550:
FINDS. 509 be moved. Inscriptions h
Page 551 and 552:
MUSEUMS. 511 famous masters of the
Page 553 and 554:
AN ARCH^OLOGICAL FIND. 513 hall whi
Page 555 and 556:
ART EXHIBITIONS. 515 school/ but he
Page 557 and 558:
RESTORATIONS. 517 by innumerable pa
Page 559 and 560:
RESTORATIONS. 519 four granite pill
Page 561 and 562:
THE panthf:on. 521 stone of the new
Page 563 and 564:
ST. Peter's. 523 a worthy resting p
Page 565 and 566:
SS. APOSTOLI. 525 and the Order of
Page 567 and 568:
SECULAR RESTORATIONS. 527 of the ce
Page 569 and 570:
SECULAR UNDERTAKINGS. 529 Outside R
Page 571 and 572:
LAST SICKNESS. 531 desk for the cat
Page 573 and 574:
THE pope's death. 533 to them on th
Page 575 and 576:
APPRECIATION OF CLEMENT XI. 535 in
Page 577 and 578:
CLEMENT XI. 'S PRAYER. 537 Clement
Page 579:
CLEMENT XL's PRAYER. 539 finally ob
Page 582 and 583:
542 Anthony Ulrich (Count of Brunsw
Page 584 and 585:
544 Cenci, Serafino (Archbishop of
Page 586 and 587:
546 Fabroni, Carlo Agostino, Cardin
Page 588 and 589:
548 John William (Count Palatine),
Page 590 and 591:
550 Massud, Abraham (Maronite), 502
Page 592 and 593:
552 Picenino (Swiss Protestant), 34
Page 594:
554 Tour, de la (General of the Ora
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