Metal Worker Plumber & Steam Fitter - Clpdigital.org

64 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER December 31, 192 

Semi-Annual Index 

to Articles in 

Plumber and Steam Fitter 

Volume XGIV 

July to December, 1920, Inclusive ,. 

, * * •• 

This index comprises a list of all articles of importance which have appeared in PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER since the amalgamation of Metal Worker, Plumber and Steam Fitter with Sheet Metal on October 

1 1920, together with a similar list of all articles dealing with plumbing and heating subjects as published in 

Metal Worker, Plumber and Steam Fitter from July to September 1920 inclusive. The sheet metal and 

furnace heating section of that publication was consolidated with Sheet Metal and published since October 1, 

1920, as Sheet Metal Worker, and the index to these articles will be published in the last issue of Vol. 11 

of that journal. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER is devoted exclusively to the plumbing and heating industries 

and consequently this index contains articles dealing only with these subjects. 

Illustrated Articles Indicated by * 

Advertising, and Sales, Peaks and 

Valleys in 149—July 30 

American Society of Heating and Ventilating 

Engineers, Semi-Annual 

Meeting, May 26. 27 and 28, 

IS—July 2 

American Society of Sanitary Engineering: 

* Fifteenth Annual Meeting at St. 

Louis, Sept. 7—9. 373—Sept. 

17 

* Nine Men on the Job, One Working—What 

Happens ? 479—• 

Nov. 5 

Associations: 

Explanation of Our Local, 483— 

Nov. S 

Our State, 542—Dec. 3 

* Auto Trucks, as an Investment, 512—• 

Nov. 19 

B 

Baillet, H. F.: 

Plumbing Secretaries' National 

Conference, 280—Aug. 27 

Some Thoughts on the Labor 

Question, 32—July 9 

* Barometers of American Business, 450 

—Oct. 8; 476—Oct. 22; 502— 

Nov. 5; 526—Nov. 19; 556— 

Dec. 3; 582—Dec. 17; 610— 

Dec. 31 

* Bathrooms, Typical Equipment for 

English, 307—Sept. 3 

* Bath Tubs, History and Evolution of, 

332—Sept. 10 

* Big Room for You to Get a Profit, 

527—Dec. 3 

Illustrated Articles Indicated by * 

* Big Show—Free Tickets, 505—Nov. 

19 

Bixby, J. C, Originality a Factor of 

Success, 234—Aug. 20 

* Boilers, Where Best Used and Should 

Be, 309—Sept. 3 

Buckley, Elton J., 

More Oddities of Workmen's Compensation 

Law, 81-—July 16 

Pro and Con of Cancelling Orders, 

285—Aug. 2/ 

Suits against Railroads for Freight 

Delays Due to Congestion, 119 

-July 2i 

What the Words "In Full to Date" 

on the Check Amount To 43— 

July 9 

Business Methods: 

* Electricity or Water—Which? 

563—Dec .17 

Eye Opener You Will Sav Is Good, 

458—Oct. 22 

*4—1 = 3, 589—Dec. 31 

* Help the Housewife Solve Wash 

Day Problem, 503—Nov. 19 

* How the Shop Owner May Learn 

to Buy and Manage Better, 434 

Oct. 8 

Include Overhead Expense in Wage 

Charge, 214—Aug. 13 

Is It Covered in the Estimate? 

180—Aug. 6 

Originality a Factor of Success, 

234—Aug. 20 

Peaks and Valleys in Advertising 

and Sales, 149—July 30 

Price Cutter, Fool or Knave, Not 

Salesman, 357—Sept. 10 

Step Help 424—Oct. on False You 8 to Pride, Help Let Yourself, Them 

* Waiting Time Can Be Turned To 

Dollar Profits, 530—Dec. 3 

When a Bank Account Pays the 

Bank, 588—Dec. 31. 

C 

* Charts, Vital, Vital, the Vanishing 

Point of Profit, 456—Oct. 22 

Chew, Frank K., Responsibility and Opportunity 

of Heads of Industrial 

Enterprises, 306—Sept. 3 

Closets: 

Connecting to Drains, 144—July 30 

Milestone in Evolution of, 36.8— 

Sept. 17 

Codes, Cleveland Storm Center for 

Sanitary, 103—July 23 

* Combustion Recorder, New, 100— 

July 23 

* Comfort Stations, Need for Public, 

66—Julv 16 

Credits and Collections, 390—Sept. 24 

D 

Drainage, Research Work on House 

Systems, 6—July 2 

Drains, Connecting Closets to, 144— 

July 30 

* Drinking Fountains, Value of Sanitary 

Facilities, 33—July 9 

Dunlop, John Y.: 

* English Ideas in Drain Piping, 

231—Aug. 20 

* Sanitation in English Farm Buildings, 

171—Aug. 6 

* Typical English Bathroom Equipment, 

307—Sept. 3 

Durkin, D. F, Jr.: 

Explanation of Our Local Associations, 

483—Nov. 5

December 31. 1920 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

The Jarvis | Thermoflash 

Makes Any Gas Water Heater Automatic 

A simple' thermostatic control for the small gas 

water heatei that gives a home all the advantages 

of automatic hot water service—at low cost. 

A fool-proof, trouble-free device that has proven 

its abilit-" to serve faithfully throughout a long life. 

XLGa£*VV a te rTReaTe < 

Easy to Install 

—a one-man job—with a 

profit on sale and installation. 

Consumer's price $35.00 

F.O.B. New York 

Dealers' discounts on request 

Send for descriptive booklet 

B. RYAN CO. 

372 West 15th St. 

NEW YORK, N. Y 

BR-fi 

No stooping, the slightest touch 

of the foot operates the valve. 

• ' 

smpmmm 

A Quarter Turn of the 

Handle Opens or Closes the 

GORTON 

QUARTER-TURN 

VALVE 

It is the easiest operatmg valve in the world, and 

users will regulate heat in a room by opening and 

closing the radiators, saving steam. 

With the old time valve, requiring five or six tur 

of the wheel to open or close the valve, users open 

the windows to cool a room, an immense waste of 

steam. 

Wasted steam is wasted coal. 

Equip your radiators with Gorton Valves and save 

money on your Coal Pile. 

Write for Catalogue 

Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. 

FISHER BLDG., CHICAGO, ILL. 96 LIBERTY ST., NEW YORK, N Y 

See Sweets Architectural Catalogue, Page 1635, for Specifications 

Please mention PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER when you write.

# 

Ten Minutes a Day—$4000 a Year, 

113—July 23 

National Trade Extension Activities, 

274—Aug. 27 

Our State Associations, 542—Dec. 

3 

* Duriron, Batting Average 999.9 Made 

in War Continued in Peace, 

459—Oct. 22 

Eastern Supply Association, Annual 

Meeting on October 13, 467— 

Oct. 22 

Editorials: 

Adviser to the Consumer, 346— 

Sept. 10 

Associations' Program, 404—Sept. 

24 

Barrel of a Gun, 516—Nov. 19 

Be a Plugger, 538—Dec. 3 

Business Will Be Good, Plan for 

Your Share Now, 538—Dec. 3 

Buyer Becoming Careful, 250—Aug. 

20 

Can Business Men Show Sportsmanship? 

154—July 30 

Clean House Now, 516—Nov. 19 

Collections, 186—Aug. 6—516—Nov. 

19 

Conditions Support Prices, 42— 

July 9 

Christmas Greetings, 568—Dec. 17 

Conflicting Influences, 320—Sept. 3 

Dissipation of Heating Mysteries, 

118—July 23 

Do You Know the Bank President? 

346—Sept. 10 

Estimating, 602—Dec. 31 

Factory Inspection, 186—Aug. 6 

Farmers May Not Look it—But 

284—Aug. 27 

Fire Prevention Day, 118—July 23 

Freight Rates and Deliveries, 284 

—Aug. 27 

Front Door Policy, 490—Nov. 5 

Have Small Supplies Ready, 372— 

Sept. 17 

Have You Stock on Hand? 80— 

July 16 

Heating with Boilers, 320—Sept. 3 

Humidity Twice Conspicuous, 154 

Tulv 30 

Is the Heater Ready? 404—Sept. 24 

Light of Others, Experience, 568— 

Dec. 17 

Keep the Public Informed, 56.8— 

Dec. 17 

Make Everv Job Add to Industry's 

Good Name, 462—Oct. 22 

National Regulations, 538—Dec. 3 

New Heating Contract Terms, 462 

—Oct. 22 

New Journal on a New Foundation, 

438—Oct. 8 

New Sentiment in Plumbing Field, 

460—Oct. 22 

Opening the New Year, 568—Dec. 

17 

Outings in the Trade, 250—Aug. 20 

Outlook for Business, 14—July 2 

Pay Envelope, 186—Aug. 6 

Perplexities of Business, 372— 

Sept. 17 

Pointers for Profit, 284—Aug. 27 

Plumber and Laundry Machine, 

516—Nov. 19 

Potters' Wages Advance, 516— 

Nov. 19 

Protecting Plumbing in Summer 

Homes, 404—Sept. 24 

Prove Your Merit by Meeting the 

Reading Reminding Responsibility Rush Sanitary —Sept. Emergency, Season, Engineering Customers, 3 and 154—July 538—Dec. 404—Sept. Opportunity, Society 154—July 30 3 24 Meet 320 30 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER December 31. 1920 

ing Place, 490—Nov. 5 

Set the Day and Send the Bill, 

346—Sept. 10 

Ship Ventiiation, 42—July 9 

The Peace and Good Will Season, 

602—Dec. 31 

Two Dollars Versus One, 490— 

Nov. 5 

Water Heaters, 602—Dec. 31 

What the Supply Meeting Heard, 

462—Oct. 22 

Will They Pay? 118—Julv 23 

Egan, Neal A., Are Plumbers To-day 

as Progressive as Twenty Years 

Ago? 101—July 23 

* Electricity or Water—Which? 563— 

Dec. 17 

Estimates: 

* Accurate Plumbing and Heating, 

585—Dec. 31 

Half Breed That Costs Money, 432 

—Oct. 8 

Eye Opener You Will Says Is Good, 

458—Oct. 22 

* Factories, Heating and Giving Modern 

a Ciimate, 484—Nov. 5; 

508—Nov. 19 

* Father Carries Coal that Exasperates 

Mother with Heat, 529—Dec. 3 

Fromm, G. A., Credits and Collections, 

390—Sept. 24 

* Fuller Work, Making Fool Proof, 

421—Oct. 8 

Gas, Useful Information About Natural 

and Artificial, 213—Aug. 13 

* Greenhouses, Making Over a Heating 

Job in, 8—July 2 

Groeniger, William C.: 

* History and ^volution of Bath 

Tubs, 332—Sept. 10 

Self Confidence and Nerve, 104— 

July 23 

H 

* Hack Saws, What You Can Expect 

of, 507—Nov. 19 

* Heaters: 

Gas Water, Father Carries Coal 

that Exasperates Mother with 

Heat, 529—Dec. 3 

* Water, 4—1 = 3, 589—Dec. 31 

Heating: 

* and Giving Modern Factory a 

C'imate, 484— Nov. 5; 508— 

Nov. 19 

* Guidance for Residence Work, 97 

—July 23; 174—Aug. 6; 277— 

Aug. 27; 598—Dec. 31 

* Homes of Polish City Used as 

Fuel, 10—July 2 

* Hot Water, New Treatment of, 

70—July 16; 146—July 30; 235 

—Aug. 20; 336—Sept. 10; 425 

—Oct. 8; 487—Nov. 5; 565— 

Dec. 17 

* Making Over a Greenhouse Job, 

8—July 2 

* Successful Combination Direct 

and Indirect System, 210—Aug. 

13 

* Warm in Winter—Cool in Summer, 

583—Dec. 31 

Heating Equipment, Fire Protection 

Measures for Installing, 147— 

July 30 

Heating Men, Technical School Training 

for, 365—Sept. 1? 

Highway Transportation Show Big 

Event, 564—Dec. 17 

Hoffman, Training James for D., Heating Technical Men, School 365 

-*»*r_h-SJit 17 

Hutton, William : 

Letters of a Plumber to His Helper, 

102—Tuly 23; 281—Aug. 27 

You Bet To-day's Plumber Is Progressive, 

333—Sept. 10 

Industrial Enterprises, Responsibility 

and Opportunity of Heads of, 

306—Sept. 3 

Information Exchange for Readers' 

Problems : 

Connecting Boiler to Heat Bathroom, 

41 —Tuly 9; *117—Julv 

23; *185—Aug. 6; * 215—Aug. 

13; * 283—Aug. 27; 345—Sept. 

10 

Copper Lining Gives Out, 461— 

Oct. 22; 539—Dec. 3 

Cracked Boiler Sections, 570—Dec. 

17; 601—Dec. 31 

* Hot Water without the Heat of 

a Kitchen Fire, 249—Aug. 20 

How Can Volume of Air Be Decreased? 

215—Aug. 13; 283— 

Aug. 27; 371—«ept. 17 

How Is Radiation Figured for 

Cellars? 371—Sept. 17 

* How Shall Damper Pe Arranged? 

13—July 2, 

* Imperfect Range Conditions, 539 

—Dec. 3 

Remedy Sought for Pipes Stopped 

by Deposit, 463—Oct. 22 

Removing Snow from Greenhouse 

Roofs, 601—Dec. 31 

Renewing a Deep Well Pump Pipe, 

488—Nov. 5 

Sink Waste Troubles. 4^7—Oct. 8; 

* 488—Nov. 5 ; 539—Dec. 3; 

*569—Dec. 17 

Troubles Experienced with Pumps, 

463—Oct. 22; 540—Dec. 3 

Trouble with Pipe Sweating, 79— 

July 16 

Trouble with Water Backs in 

Ranges, 515—Nov. 19; 569— 

Dec. 17; 601—Dec. 31 

* Valve Does Not Stnn Heating, 437 

—Oct. 8; 515—Nov. 19 

Wants Special Boiler Covering, 283 

—Aug. 27; 371—Sept. 17; 489 

Nov. 5; 540—Dec. 3 

Wants to Prevent Nickel Tarnishing, 

463—Oct. 22; 540—Dec. 3 

Water Pipes Sweat, 153—July 30 

Will Humidity Cause Rust? 79— 

July 16 K 

Insurance, Collecting Facts on Com 

* Kernan, pensation, Charles F., 217—Aug. Storage 13 Shed for 

11 .ernatiotial Pipe or Chamber Conduit, of 331—Sept. Commerce 10 

Established, 63—July 16 

* Leaks, Stop'em Before They Start, 

427—Oct. 8 

Legal Phases: 

More Oddities of Workmen's Compensation 

Law, 81—July 16 

Pro and Con of Cancelling Orders, 

285—Aug. 27 

Suits Against Railroads for Freight 

Delays Due to Congestion, 119 

—Tuly 23 

WJiat "the Words "In Full to Date" 

on a Check Amount to, 43— 

July 9 

Lost Labor Surplus, 549—Dec. 3 

Loughlin, Tames, J., Lost Labor Surplus, 

549—Dec. 3 

* Lynch, Tnhn, Simple Hot Water Supply 

for Farm House, 208—Aug. 

13

December 31, 1920 PLUMBER AND 

Save 60% 

on Your Radiator 

Hangers 

MADE OF WROUGHT IRON 

UNBREAKABLE 

CUTS LABOR COST,, IN TWO 

Write and save money 

A.H. JETER & CO., Inc. 

95 Webster Avenue 

LONG ISLAND CITY, N. Y. 

HARTMANN 

RADIATOR 

BRACKETS 

WH|YS 

LABOR SAVED 

NO WALL STRIPS 

NO BREAKAGE 

NO DIRT 

INEXPENSIVE 

Send for descriptive circular and price list 

CHARLES HARTMANN GO. 

SHEET METAL CONSTRUCTORS 

985 Dean St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Please mention PLUMBEE AND STEAM FITTER when you write. 

Next time you order 

Brass Pipe 

specify 

CRESCENT BRAND 

I 

F you don't you will pay the 

same price, but you may not 

['"get the highest quality. 

We make each piece of Crescent 

Brand brass pipe of the purest 

Virgin metals; draw it to uniform 

diameter and thickness; anneal 

it to a regular temper best suited 

for plumbing and steam work; 

then subject each pipe to internal 

hydrostatic pressure of 

1000 lbs. Every pipe is full 

weight. The walls are free from 

cracks or defects of any kind 

detrimental to strength. It will 

take a clean cut thread, assuring 

perfect thread-to-thread contact. 

The prices for such quality pipes 

are no higher than for many 

inferior grades. 

Let us send you our plumbers' 

price /,../ 

CONDENSER.© ENGINEERING CO. 

CARTERET, N.J. 

CRESCENT BRAND PIPE 

COPPER BRASS SPECIAL ALLOYS 

65

December 31, 1920 

M 

Mahon, W. A., Abuse Versus the Use 

of Motor Trucks, 536—Dec. 3 

Massachusetts Sanitary Club, Inspiring 

Meeting of, 517—Nov. 19 

Motor Trucks: 

Abuse Versus the Use of, 536 

—Dec. 3 

* As an Investment, 512—Nov. 19 

Important to Maintain Efficiency 

of, 246—Aug. 20 

* Murray, John A. Company, Incorporates, 

535—Dec. 3 

N 

Nash, C. B., Next Step in Sanitation 

Work, 400—Sept. 24 

National Trade Extension Bureau : 

Activities of, 274—Aug. 27 

Field Representatives Take to 

Road, 486—Nov. 5 

Niagara Falls of Business Information, 

442—Oct. 8 

Reputation Doesn't Happen—It Is 

Built, 534—Dec. 3 

* Nine Men on the Job, One Working—What 

Happens? 479—Nov. 

O 

Obituaries: 

Allen, John R., 491—Nov. 5 

Boatenreiter, Charles B., 574—Dec. 

17 

Brady, Philip, 449—Oct. 8 

Bronaugh, W. L., 194—Aug. 6 

Carrigan, Peter E, 21—Juiy 2 

Cragin, Alger A., 519—Nov. 19 

Donnelly, Michael J., 519—Nov. 19 

Duffy, M. J., 497—Nov. 5 

Eichel, Edwin A., 224— Aug. 13 

Fairbanks, Edward, 575—Dec. 17 

Gause, Bernard, 195—Aug. 6 

Grey, John, 91—July 16 

Hutchinson, Benjamin, H. P., 58— 

July 9 

Kent, George J., 294—Aug 27 

Kimball, Richard D., 507—Nov. 19 

Limbert, George B., 452—Oct. 22 

Manney, Thomas E., 498—Nov. 5 

Mendall, Walter A., 130—July 23 

Nash, Daniel F., 520—Nov. 19 

Nutter, Matthew H., 525—Nov. 19 

Randolph, Isham, 225—Aug. 13 

Shields, John T., 91—July 16 

Walworth, Arthur C, 21—July 2 

Wilkinson, Andrew E., 522—Nov. 

19 

Wolff, John F, 471—Oct. 22 

Overhead Expense, Include in Wage 

Charge, 214—Aug. 13 

•Parker, Edward E., New Treatment 

of Hot Water Heating, 70— 

July 16 146—July 30; 235— 

Aug. 20; 336—Sept. 10; 425— 

Oct. 8; 487—Nov. 5; 565—Dec. 

17 

* Parks, F. N., Information on Method 

of Repairing Pumps, 207—Aug. 

13 

Path That Leads to Money in the 

Bank, * 302—Sept. 3; * 329— 

Sept. 10; * 359—Sept. 17;—389 

Sept. 24; 433—Oct. 8; * 452— 

Oct. 15 

* Pipe, Scale-Free—What It Is— 

How It Is Made, 595—Dec. 

31 

* Pipe Machine, Pertinent Facts on 

Power, 482—Nov. 5 

* Piping, English Idea of Drain, 231— 

Aug. 20 

P L U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER 

Plumbers: 

Are Progressive To-day as Twenty 

Years Ago? 101—July 2i 

Effects of Standardization on 

Small, 335—Sept. 10 370—Sept 

17 480—Nov. 5 

Letters of a to His Helper, 102— 

July 23 ; 281—Aug. 27 

You Bet To-day's Is Progressive 

333—Sept. 10 

Plumiiing : 

And Epidemic Prevention in 

Europe, 209—Aug. 13 

Modern Work in the Skyscraper 

429—Oct. 8; 454— Oct. 22 

* Solving a Factorv Wash Room 

Problem, 533—Dec. 3 

* Warm Weather Practice 142— 

July 30 

* Plumbing Displays, Big Show, Free 

Tickets, 505—Nov. 19 

* Plumbing Sales, Speeding up Fall 

Supply, 477—Nov. 5 

Plumbing Secretaries, National Conference 

of, 280—Aug. 27 

* Plumbing Trade, Respect for Essential 

for Its Success, 510—Nov. 

19 

Portraits: 

Allen, Tohn R., 491—Nov. 5 

Beck, William F., 537—Dec. 3 

Brown, Isaac, J., 46c—July 9 

Evans, Toseph F., 467—Oct. 22 

Farrel, Harry J., 537—Dec. 3 

Gause, Bernard, 195—Aug. 6 

Groeniger, William C, 405—Sept. 

24; 479—Nov. 5 

Hoffman, James, D., 365—Sept. 17 

Maddocks, A. M., 467—Oct. 22 

Murray, John A., 535—Dec. 3 

Sanborn, E. W., 45—July 9 

Timmis, Walter S., 541—Dec. 3 

Whitaker, John F., 158—July 30 

Woolley, William J., 469—Oct. 22 

Power: 

* Assisted bv Air Overcomes 

Troubles, '559—Dec. 17 

* Required for Pumping, How to 

Determine, 592—Dec. 31 

Profit: 

* Big Room for You to Get, 527— 

Dec. 3 

* Vital, the Vanishing Point of, 

456—Oct. 22 

* Waiting Time Can Be Turned 

to Dollar, 530—Dec. 3 

Public Health, Administration of in 

Ohio, 69—July 16 

* Pumps, 

* How to Determine Power Required 

for, 592—Dec. 31 

R 

Method of Repairing, 207—Aug. 13 

* Power Assisted by Air Over 

Relation comes of the Trouble, Public to 559—Dec. the Worker, 17 

150—July 30 

R8putation Doesn't Happen—It Is 

Built, 534—Dec. 3 

Research Work, on House Drainage 

Systems, 6—July 2 

Residences, Ohio, Warm in Winter— 

Cool in Summer, 583—Dec. 31 

* Residence Work, Heating Guidance 

for. 97—Julv 23; 174—Aug. 6; 

277—Aug. "27; 598—Dec. 31 

Sanitary Engineers, Value of the Trade 

Evolution of Sanitary Ideas and 

Needs, 560—Dec. 17 

Press to the, 369—Sept. 17 

Sanitation : 

W 

* In English Farm Buildings, 171 — 

Aug. 6 

The Next Step in the Work, 400— 

Sept. 24 

* Ships, Are Properly Ventilated? 35 

-July 9 

Shops, Requirements for a Sanitary 

and Healthful, 247—Aug. 20 

* Shop Owners, How They May Learn 

to Buy and Manage Better, 

434—Oct. 8 

Showrooms: 

* Big Room For You to Get a 

Profit, 527—Dec. 3 

* Big Show—Free Tickets, 505— 

Nov. 19 

* Skyscrapers, Modern Plumbing Work 

in, 429—Oct. 8; 454—Oct. 22 

Smith, Aden E., Administration of 

Public Health in Ohio, 69— 

July 16 

* Solvent, Prevention, "Two Pounds to 

the Can," 453—Oct. 22 

Standardization, Effect of on Small 

Plumbers, 335—Sept. 10; 370— 

Sept. 17; 480—Nov. 5 

•Stoddard, W. B„ Speeding Up Fall 

Plumbing Supply Sales, 477— 

Nov. 5 

* Storage Shed for Pipe Conduit, 331 

—Sept. 10 

* Tests, Batting Average of 999.9, 

Made in War, Continued in 

Peace, 459—Oct. 22 

Tools, Books as, 44—July 9 

Trade; 

America Must Buy Abroad to 

Prosper, 11—July 2 

Conditions in Argentina and Boliva, 

114— July 23 

Foreign Solution for Future Prosperity, 

38—July 9 

Trade Press, Value of to the Sanitary- 

Engineer, 369—Sept. 17 

Transportation Facilities, When New 

York's Were Blocked, 187— 

Aug. 6 V 

* Ventilation, Are Ships Properly Ventilated? 

35—July 9 

Vocational Training, Technical School 

for Heating Men, 365—Sept. 17 

W 

* Washing Machines, 

* Electricity or Water—Which? 

563—Dec. 17 

Help the Housewife Solve Wash 

Day Problem, 503—Nov. 19 

* Washrooms, Solving Factory Problem, 

533—Dec. 3 

Water Supplv 

* Frost-Proofing the, 143—July 30 

•Keeping Them on the Farm, 511 

—Nov. 19 

• Simple Hot for Farm House, 208 

—Aug. 13 

• Welding, Oxweld Engineers Solve 

Interesting Contracting Problem, 

510—Nov. 19 

Williams, Hamp, Trade with Your 

Local Merchant—It Pays, 275— 

Aug. 27 

* Window Displays, 

* I think Good Pay—D. H. Kelly— 

557—Dec. 17 

Speeding Up Fall Plumbing Supplv 

Sale-, 477—Nov. 5 

Wrought Term, Pipe, 532—Dec. Disapproval 3 

of Trade

68 

P L U M B E R A N D S T E A M F I T T E R 

December 31. 1920 

WHERE TO BUY 

These pages will tell the reader where he can buy. They list all manufacturers and distributors 

using the advertising pages of this journal at least once every month Addresses may readily be 

S e d by turning to the alphabetical Index to Advertisers as noted at the foot of these pages, 

and then turning to the advertisement in this or one of the recent issues. 

Air Washing Apparatus 

Buffalo Forge Co. 

Ball Cocks 

Central Brass Mfg. Co. 

Frost Mfg. Co. 

Morency-Van Buren Co. 

N. O. Nelson Mfg. Co. 

Rundle-Spence Mfg. Co. 

Trenton Brass __ Machine Co. 

Wolverine Brass Works 

Bath Fittings 



Morency-Van Buren Co. 



Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co. 

Street & Kent Mfg. Co. 

Trenton Brass & Machine Co. 


Bath Tubs 

Kohler Co. 




Wolff Mfg. Co. 

Blowers and Exhausters 


Wing, L- J., Mfg. Co. 

Boilers, Combined Range & Gas 

Water Heater 

Bastian-Morley Co. 

Boiler Compound 

Economy Scale Remover Co. 

Shur-Tite Mfg. Co. 

X Labaratories 

Boilers, Heating 


Hamburg Boiler Works 

Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. 

Corp. 

Smith, H. B., Co. 

Boilers, Power 


Boiler, Range 

Dahlquist Mfg. Co. 

Detroit Range Boiler & Steel 

Barrel Co. 

Gerstein Bros. & Cooper Co. 



Koven, L. O., & Co. 

Trageser, John, Steam Copper 

Works 

Books 

U. P. C. Book Co. 

Brass Goods and Fittings 



Kinsey & Mahler Co. 

Morency-Van Buren Mfg. Co. 

National Tube Co. 






Brasiers, Gasoline 

Clayton & Lambert Mfg. Co 

Cabinets, Medicine 

Hess Warming & Vent. Co. 

Castings, Iron and Steel 

Illinois Malleable Iron Co. 

Duriron Co. 

Cellar Drainers 

Blake Specialty Co. 

Compound Injector & Specialty 

Co. 

Economy Pumping Machinery 

Co. 

Cesspools, Brass 


Chain Pipe Vises 

Williams, J. H., & Co. 

Closet Flanges 

Groeninger, W. C. Co. 

Closet Tank Fittings 

Ayling & Reichert Co. 



Morency-Van Buren Mfg Co. 



Cocks, Gas and Steam 

Kinsey __ Mahler Co. 

Copper Pipe, Seamless 

Wheeler Condenser & 

Engineering Co. 

Coppersmiths 

Gerstein Bros. & Cooper 

Damper Regulators 

Wing, L J. Mfg. Co. 

Drains 


Josam Mfg. Co. 

Drills 


Starrett, L- S., Co. 

Drinking Fountains 




Drop Forgings 

Bliss, E. W., & Co. 


Dust Collectors 


Exhausters 

Wing, L. J., Mfg. Co. 

Exhaust Fans 

(See Blowers) 

Fans Exhaust and Ventilating 

Wing, L. J., Mfg. Co. 

Fire Pots, Gasoline & Kerosene 

Bernz, Otto 

Clayton & Lambert Mfg. Co. 

Double Blast Mfg. Co. 

Flag Poles. Tubular 


Floats, Tank 

Ayling & Reichert Co. 

Furnaces, Pipeless 

Co-operative Foundry Co. 

Majestic Co. 

Gasoline Engines 

Flint & Walling Mfg. Co. 

Gasoline Tanks 


Works 

Grease Traps 

Compound Injector & 

Specialty Co. 

Hack Saws 

Starrett, L- S., Co. 

Heaters, Automatic Water 

American Heater Co. 

Bastian-Morley Co. 

Heater Attachments, Automatic 

Control for 

Ryan, B., Co. 

Heating and Ventilating Apparatus 


Heatings Systems 

Haynes Selling Co. 

Humidifiers 


Injectors, Compound Automatic 

Compound Injector & Specialty 

Co. 

Iron Pipe Couplings 

Crane Co. 

Lavatories 

Kohler Co. 





Lead, Caulking 

Eagle Picher Lead Co. 

Levers Closet Tank 




Packing Sheet 

Jenkins Bros. 

Paint 

Barrett Co., The 

Pipe and Fittings 

Crane Co. 





Pipe Bending Machines 

Martin, H. P., & Sons 

Pipe Covering 

Wyckoff, A., & Son Co. 

Pipe Cutting and Threadng 

Tools and Machines 

Armstrong Mfg. Co. 

Borden Co. 

Curtis & Curtis Co. 

Merrell Mfg. Co. 

Saunders. D., Sons 

Toledo Pipe Threading Mach. 

Co. 

Pipe, Lead 


Pipe, Acid Resisting 

Duriron Co. 

Pirje, Soil, Cast Iron 

Crane Co. 

Duriron Co. 



Weiskittel, A., & Son Co. 

Pipe, Seamless Brass & Copper 

Wheeler Condenser and Engineering 

Co. 

Pipe, Steel 

Crane Co. 


Pipe Wrenches, Chain 

(See Wrenches. Pipe) 

Plumbers' Tools, Specialties and 

Supplies 


Kinsey & Mahler Co. 


N. O. Nelson Mfg, Co. 


Corp. 

Products Corp. 

I-imdle-Spence Mfg. Co. 



Co. 

Trenton Brass & Mach. Co. 




Pumps, Cistern, Well and 

Windmill 


Radiator Hangers 

Hartmann, Chas., Co. 

Jeter, A. H., Co. 

Radiators, Steam and Hot Watei 

Hartmann, Chas., Co. 


Co. 

Smith, H. B., Co. 

Please mention PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER when you write. 

Roof Flanges 

Barrett Co. 

Bullard Specialty Co. 

Eagle Picher Lead Co 

Runners, Lead 

Wilkins, G. H., Co. 

Schools 

Cleveland Engineering Inst. 

St. Louis Tecnical Institute 

Scrap Metal Buyers 

Hartman, Ingot Metal Co. 

Shampoo Fixtures 





Shower Baths 

Crane Co. 

Kohler Co. 




Sinks 

Kohler Co. 




Soil Pipe and Fittings 


Duriron Co. 

Estabrook's, R.. Sons Co. 



Solder 

Allen, L. B. Co., Inc. 


Soldering Furnaces 

Bernz, Otto, Co. 

Clayton & Lambert Mfg. Co. 

Soot Destroyer 

Utility Produrt Co. 

Steam and Gas Fitters' Supplies 

Crane Co. 



Williams, J. H., Co. 

Steam and Gas Fitters' Tools 

Curtis & Curtis Co. 

Saunders. D., Sons 


Co. 

Steam Pipe Casing 

Wyckoff, A., & Son Co. 

Steel Stamps and Stencils 

Schwerdtle Stamp Co. 

Stoppers 


Stove Repairs 

Marcy Stove Repair Co. 

Stove Repair Corp. 

Stoves and Ranges 

Co-operative Foundry Co. 

Graff Furnace Co. 

Stoves and Ranges, Gas 

Weiskittel, A., & Son Co. 

Tanks, Expansion 

Horigan Supply Co. 


Works 

Tanks, Closet 

Kohler Co. 




Tanks, Hot Water 


Koven, L. O., & Bro. 

Patterson-Kelley Co. 

Tanks, Pneumatic 


Thcrmoflash 

B. Ryan Co.

Metal Worker 

Plumber & Steam Fitter 

The Magazine for 

The Combination Shop 

NEW YORK JULY 2, 1920 Copyright 1920 by the Architectural 

and Building Press, Inc. 

A 

Views of an English Contractor 

on the Possibilities and Popularity 

VOLUME 94, No. 1 

More Furnace Trade Abroad? 

American Manufacturers and Heating Contractors 

Should Give Their Views on Points Raised 

GREAT deal of interest will doubtless be 

taken in the following letter from F. A. 

Norris & Co., 11-12 St. Andrews Hill, Queen 

Victoria Street, London, England, whose comment on 

furnace heating is candid if not complimentary. 

It seems evident that the furnaces which have been 

used and the method of installation have left something 

to be desired and opportunity is afforded by 

the conditions reported for American manufacturers 

to make those recommendations which can effect the 

necessary changes to create a popularity that will be 

followed by a demand. 

London, May 37th, 1920. 

The Editor, 

Metal Worker, Plumber and Steam Fitter, 

343 West Thirtv-ninth Street, 

New York City, U. S. A. 

Dear Sir: 

We have read with interest your article by "More Trade"' 

in the April 23 issue of your paper, on the possibility of 

introducing furnace heating into this country. 

As you are doubtless aware the most widely adopted 

method here is low pressure hot water, more especially 

for residence work. In the larger buildings direct steam 

heating on plenum installations are occassionally installed. 

We are afraid that there would be a great deal of prejudice 

in this country against the use of warm-air furnaces 

for warming private houses, but we should certainly like 

to have your view of this method of warming. 

It was our practice many years ago to install warm-air 

furnaces for heating churches, but in recent years we have 

entirely discontinued this method of warming and have 

substituted low pressure hot water heating. The difficulties 

we experienced even in church work was that the ducts 

eventually became choked with dust and dirt, thus leading 

somewhat to a vitiated atmosphere in the building. 

If warm-air furnaces were installed in this country, it 

would be necessary to insure that no dust should enter the 

rooms even when the furnaces are first lighted and we 

shall be interested to know how this difficulty is overcome. 

We recognize, of course, that a furnace is probably more 

economical than an open fire. At the same time we think 

the average Englishmen would prefer the open fire to 

a method of warming which would be likely to convey 

dust and dirt to the rooms and provide an unhealthy 

atmosphere. 

You will, of course, recognize also that in this country 

we are dealing with different atmospheric conditions. A 

mild atmosphere only is required in bedrooms, and 55 deg. 

Fahr. would be the maximum temperature, and in living 

rooms 60 to 62 deg. Fahr. These temperatures, of course, 

could be easily maintained and regulated by means of 

radiators, but would this apply to a furnace? 

As stated we have had considerable experience in all 

classes of warming and from our experiences cannot say 

that warm air has ever appealed to any extent to our 

customers. We should very much like, however, to have 

your views, and probably those of some of the manufacturers. 

Trusting to hear from you at your convenience. 

We are, dear sir, 

Yours faithfully, 

(Signed) F. A. NORRIS & CO. 

It is the American furnace manufacturers and 

heating contractors who should give their experience 

and views in response to the request in the last paragraph. 

Here is a field that is hesitating and to 

be developed needs light on the best practice. 

There is a splendid opportunity for the true 

friends of furnace heating to present their experience 

to show that the matters that have deterred this 

house from taking up furnace heating are not the 

natural result of its adoption. The space required 

will be provided for the publication of anything that 

will aid in building up a trade and prestige abroad 

for one of the popular methods of heating American 

houses. Such information should be furnished us for 

publication as well as sent to this firm so that all the 

foreign heating contractors may gather the courage 

to use a quite generally accepted method of heating 

houses in this country. 

Our response to the request may well be supplemented 

by men who have specialized in this field 

and from continual contact with it are better qualified 

to handle the subject authoritatively. 

VaKAdult 

cop.

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 2, 1920 

Reference to our issues of Jan. 2 and April 30 

will show the fine types of American home in which 

furnaces are used to insure comfort in winter. They 

indicate that their owners were not influenced by the 

cost of the outfit and were doubtless quite exacting 

about the cleanliness of their homes. 

This is evidence that dust and dirt are not necessarily 

a feature for consideration but an incident 

attending all indirect systems of heating. 

Provision for the avoidance of dust in districts 

where the air is contaminated with soot and smoke have 

been equal to necessity and yet their description and 

illustration may well be given to aid this firm which 

is seeking information. It is by no means uncommon 

to erect the piping so that it can be readily taken 

down and cleaned. There are furnaces so made that 

nothing from the fire ever enters the air heating 

passages. 

It is quite possible that the criticism is rather 

severe compared with the unavoidable dust attending 

the use of an open fire. So far as the effect upon 

health is concerned it has been demonstrated by long 

lived Americans that there is nothing detrimental 

about furnace lieating. A furnace that gives any 

other evidence than a moving current of warm air 

from the register that a fire has been started is a 

reflection on the heating contractor who selected one 

of the cheap and faulty types instead of a reflection 

on the method of heating. 

It is a matter of record that there is an industry 

here in manufacturing furnaces. Some concerns confine 

their production to a high class of construction 

which in service is free from any cause for complaint 

along the line suggested. There are 

Furnaces furnace heating systems in a large per- 

Used in centage of the finest houses in the 

Larger country and often they include four or 

Residences five furnaces to heat the rambling plan 

of the larger and more pretentious 

type of building. 

That a furnace is well adapted to low cost homes 

is demonstrated by their extensive use for heating. 

That the furnace could well be a better type and the 

installation could be improved to avoid even a "-enerous 

criticism cannot be denied. Such an outfit 

should never be sent abroad under false pretenses but 

only under its true colors of cheapness. 

It is a matter of fact, however, that even such outfits 

have continued in demand, though their influence 

is often detrimental to the work that men of such 

practice do in homes where better practice is desired 

and expected. 

Our response is now before the field at home and 

abroad and, whether f>ood or short of what it should 

be, it is something intended to be helpful to the English 

inquirer and to be suggestive to furnace industry 

of what it can best supply to meet the important 

questions more fully. It is worthy of some effort on 

the part of the manufacturers who are most interested 

to give that information which not only would 

be invaluable abroad but uplifting and inspiring at 

home. 

Our invitation to use our columns for the purpose 

i.s repeated as the use will insure a wide effect for 

the instructive effort that should be expended. 

Selling Furnaces to Women 

Remember always that the wife spends more time 

in the house than the man and therefore things 

which might seem details to a man are highly important 

to her. 

This conclusion was reached by a wise dealer in 

Northern Wisconsin who has been selling Gilt Edge 

furnances for 15 years. And in view of this dealer's 

success his words are well worth listening to and, 

having been presented in Gilt Edgings, issued by 

R. J. Schwab & Sons Co., Milwaukee, are represented 

here. 

For example, he says, in selling a Gilt Edge furnace 

to a woman, lay emphasis on the fact that smoke 

does not back up through the registers, because she 

will not tolerate smoke. To a man a little smoke 

means only temporary discomfort, but a woman 

knows what it does to wall paper and curtains. 

Point out how little attention it requires, as no 

woman wants to drop her housework in order to run 

down cellar and "fix the furnace". Neither does she 

want a furnace that is going to overheat the cellar 

and spoil her fruit and vegetables, so it is worth 

while stressing the fact that the Gilt Edge furnace 

develops heat that goes into the registers, where 

it belongs, instead of radiating through the cellar. 

These are only a few of the points which this 

dealer brought out in a brief conversation. He summed 

it all up by saying that where a woman is concerned 

one should not dwell on mechanical construction, 

for they are not usually mechanically inclined, 

but rather upon the results secured through these 

structural features They are not much interested in 

how a furnace is made as in what it will do. 

Finally, Gilt Edge durability is an important point 

to emphasize. As has been mentioned, the wife has 

to remain in the house a good part of her time and 

naturally she has a horror of a cold house while the 

furnace is closed down for repairs. Especially is 

this true when there are small children in the house. 

Convince a woman that the Gilt Edge is built for 

steady service and does not get out of order and you 

have gone a long way toward closing the sale. 

A High Tribute Paid to Us 

L. N. HOOVER 

Hardware 

Stoves, Tin and Enameled Ware 

Metal Worker, Plumber & Steam Fitter, 

New York. 

Dear Sirs: 

nronri ? Pr 7 tiCe . oy • at the a *? e of sixteen vears to 

Proprietor of an extensive contracting business in the allied 

•n -I"" 1 '" g . Sheet metal and steam fitting,' in which 

business it has always been of great practical advantage 

to me vocering a period of nearly fifty years, I ha ve bee_ 

a reader and subscriber to METAL WORKER, __..MDFR AKD 

STFAM F.TTF.R and today with mv larger responsibilitSs 

and multitude of duties and interests, I g ,et fiXTepap-r 

of just as much interest as when a mere boy I faithfuUstudied 

,t for the practical instruction it gave me 

I feel that there is no money that is better spent than 

Yours very truly, 

the subscription of METAL WORKER, PLUMBFR AX„ L " 

F.TTER, and it with much pleasure 

(Signed) 

that I enclosechect 

L. N. He 

%

IITLY 2, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 3 

It Can Be Given New Prestige and Impetus 

By Methods in Common Use in Other Fields 

Will Sheet Metal Men Drive Their In 

By Frank K. Qhe r w 

T H E R E is one purpose on which .ill who are loyal 

to the industry from which they derive their 

subsistence can unite and that is to show its best 

productions so as to create a public interest. Some 

of the things that should be done have been so persistently 

and frequently offered that it seems useless 

to present them again. That verj r activity, however, 

is like plowing the ground, harrowing it, cultivating 

it and rolling it before the final seeding is made from 

which the harvest is reaped. 

Here Are Some of the Things to Do.— 

Will You Start Doing Them Now? 

The farmer who is not succesful is never discouraged 

in having to use the hoe after he has plowed, 

harrowed and cultivated if the use of the hoe 

will loosen the soil and insure that the seed will take 

so that the harvest may eventually be reaped. Many 

sheet metal workers take pride in their handicraft 

and skill, but have failed to realize that a time has 

been reached in their business career when they are 

no longer craftsmen but are rather under the responsibility 

of seeing that those who need the products of 

their skill and craft are made aware of it then. They 

should realize that a new duty has befallen them to 

secure the attention of the prospective customer so 

as to make him a certain buyer of their product. This 

means a campaign of education which is always 

laborious, expensive and seldom as fruitful as would 

be more encouraging to those who must engage in it. 

There is an old injunction that we must never 

grow weary in well doing and it is well to keep that 

in mind when anything worth having is being sought. 

Just remember there is a good deal of back breaking 

work in getting the gold nugget out of the ground 

and in panning the pay dirt to separate the grains 

of gold. 

In almost all associations of sheet metal contractors 

and in every field where sheet metal men congregate, 

there are those who by natural taste 

How Shall are readers. There is little in print 

the Educa- in their particular field that escapes 

tional Work their attention. Some of them have 

Be Done clippings of particular value which 

they have cut out of their papers and 

magazines for reference. 

These men should be appointed on a committee 

so that at each meeting of the association or each 

gathering of the bidders for given work where the 

blue-prints and specifications are open for the purpose, 

they may call to attention the things they have 

read which the other fellows should read but have 

• Read before Baltimore Sheet Metal Workers' Association, May 

27, 1920, and the National Association of Sheet Metal Contractors, 

Peoria, 111., June 2-11. 

neglected through lack of establishing the reading 

habit. If in the regular association there were handed 

up to the secretary's desk at every meeting night 

a list of the things which the sheet metal contractor 

should read, many suffering from lack of information 

afforded by their papers would go home and glean it. 

They could use this information for providing better 

for their families, for doing better work for their 

customers and for securing a better prestige and 

reputation for themselves and for a general uplift to 

the industry that would be far reaching in its influence 

for good. Has your association such a trade press 

committee? If the committee should recommend that 

the members read the article "One Big Influence for 

Good Roofing," in METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

STEAM FITTER for May 7; "The Method of Developing 

the Patterns for and Ornamental Church Cross," 

in the American Artisan of May 15; the article on 

"Sheet Metal, Price, Production and Delivery," in 

METAL WORKER AND STEAM FITTER of May 21; the 

article on "Theory and Practice of Welding Sheet 

Metal Work," in Sheet Metal of May; and the article 

on "Laying Out Patterns for A Curved Rectangular 

Twisted Compound Elbow," in METAL WORKER, 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER of May 28, will any 

one question the assertion that some matter will be 

brought to the attention of a member that will be of 

great importance to him ? 

There is another point in this reading business. 

Have you ever found the man who was a careful 

reader of his trade paper to be that character of competitor 

who always makes a low price and is a hard 

man to meet in competition? In your observation of 

men have you not learned that the man who is a 

reader is a leader? Are the officers of your association 

readers or not? It is worth while to look into 

this matter of reading to see whether or not you are 

reading as much as you should. 

Most men who conduct shops of considerable size 

have several different men devoted to different work 

their employ. When their paper is 

How to delivered by the postman, they should 

Read Your give it five minutes. They should 

Trade mark one article for Bill who looks 

Paper after all of the skylight work, another 

article for Tom who is the roofing 

expert, and another article for Sam who is the cornice 

man. And, if need be or there is occasion for it, 

another for Williani the blower piping expert. 

These men should be instructed to make their 

comments on the article on a piece of paper and pin 

it fast to the page so that if the practice recommended

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

is better than that of the shop, changes can be made 

to use it. If the shop practice is better, the proprietor 

will confer a favor on all the trade if he 

will write to the editor and say what the practice in 

his shop is and that he is constrained to do so as 

the result of reading a given article. 

What would be the effect of such an expenditure 

of five minutes and the writing of such letters? Would 

it be beneficial to the industry or not? 

Then, if somebody in the office cut these pages out 

of the paper and filed them under appropriate headings 

where they could be secured when needed, would 

it not save the time of some fellow in the shop who 

is called upon to do a line of work with which he is 

not specially familiar? If he could go into the file 

and pull out 25 or 100 clippings and go over them 

and refresh his memory or qualify himself for the 

special work he is called on to do, would that not be 

better than having all the papers in a pile where it 

would be impossible to find anything? 

A pasteboard file used for filing letters, but of 

double the usual size, could be used for a starter, and 

a.s the compartments became filled with clippings on 

pattern cutting, on shop practice, on estimating, on 

overhead expense, or what not, they should overflow 

from one file to a second file, and so on until the man 

had clippings that would make the best possible 

consulting engineer. 

That is how to use your trade paper .and how to 

read the trade paper and what to do with it after it 

has been read and used so that it will be available for 

ready reference at a time when it is most necessary. 

This, so far, has all been for the 

Pictures H in man. Now how about doing some- 

Altenhon thing for the man and the industry 

and Convince at the same time? It has been 

suggested frequently that photographs 

are indispensable to a progressive business. 

All of the larger shops in the larger cities have 

photographs of their fine work. They have photographs 

of the buildings. They have photographs of 

the cornices, the skylights, the domes and the other 

interesting features of sheet metal work which they 

have done. They have photographs of the blower 

piping that they have installed for the heating and 

ventilating of a large factory building. They have 

photographs in the factory where the piping takes 

away the dust from a host of machines or removes 

the fumes from the vats used in a manufacturing establishment. 

But too many of the trade have no 

photographs whatever. Is it not time that the trade 

generally began collecting photographs that would 

convince the architect and his client when they are 

displayed? In METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

STEAM FITTER of January 2 of this year, on Page 21, 

there was presented a questionnaire that asked pertinent 

questions of both the sheet metal specialist and 

the furnace specialist. The questions were asked 

"What would be the effect in sheet metal contracting 

circles in the United States if more pictures were 

shown of good and notable work? Would it be inspiring; 

would it lift some out of discouragement? 

Would architects and builders be impressed? Would 

it help the industry? Would anybody be hurt by it? 

Would such pictures help the architects and builders 

to use more sheet metal on their buildings ? Would 

the information derived in asking these questions help 

JULV 2, 1920 

vou when working on a hard customer by giving you 

a better command of vour resources to convince him? 

Would it assist you in selling a prospective customer 

to show him that your work was sufficiently good and 

original to warrant its description and illustration In 

your leading trade paper?" 

That questionnaire has been widely used and attracted 

a good deal of attention in the trade, but it 

has not brought the answers or the information that 

could have been used to a very good advantage for the 

benefit of the whole trade. The purpose, however, 

was accomplished when the questionnaire, first used 

in the Michigan Association of Sheet Metal Contractors 

and later in our own paper, attracted a great 

deal of attention throughout the entire country. 

Would it be a good idea if the as- 

Association File sociation headquarters had a file in 

and Picture which the clippings of the trade 

Portfolio papers were gathered for the benefit 

of the whole association ? Would 

there be any benefit in it if the local association headquarters 

had photographs of various kinds of sheet 

metal work hung on its walls and had portfolios containing 

pictures of sheet metal work done by its 

members that could be utilized by the members for 

selling to architects, builders, property owners or 

others? Then would it not be a good idea to start in 

doing some of these things that have been suggested? 

Doubtless your association has had different speakers 

come before it to discuss various subjects, but 

have you ever invited some man from the bank to 

tell you something of what the business man must do 

to get money to discount his bills and to finance a big 

piece of work? It would be worth while to hear the 

right kind of banking officer discuss this matter for 

the benefit of tradesmen in whom he had a kindly interest 

and a desire for general welfare. 

This is only a suggestion that the school teacher, 

the minister, the engineer in some industrial plant, or 

some efficiency expert might well talk for a half an 

hour to an hour at some of the meetings of the association 

to show the members something of the trend of 

practice in other fields. Have you ever appointed a 

committee from your association to sit with the 

Chamber of Commerce of your city or with the Board 

of Trade so as to know what is going on and bring 

back to you the best thoughts of the leading business 

men in your town ? 

There is a very positive advantage in meetings of 

tradesmen. They soon find out what the other fellow 

knows, how they can help one another and how without 

each other's help many successes that they achieve 

could not be enjoyed. 

The sooner that the tradesmen in any center make 

a practice of being courteous and agreeable to one another, 

the sooner they will all enjoy a greater measure 

of prosperity. The narrow minded attitude 

characteristic of former days has no place in this age 

of the co-operative spirit, when there is a feeling that 

we must help, not only the unfortunates of Europe, 

but the people at home, if the highest functions of 

our lives are realized. 

It simply means to put into practice the Golden 

fcule, and it is a matter of observation that the Golden 

Rule practiced by the man who is ambitious and 

honest leads to both earthly prosperity and a relation

JULY 2, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 5 

with his fellowmen that is equally invaluable to his 

enjoyment of life. 

At the beginning of this article is the statement 

"Here are some of the things to do," and the question 

"Will you start doing some of them?" It seems that 

they will make as good a closing as they did an opening. 

Here are sufficient specifications to start driving 

the industry. 

World's Need For Galvanized Sheets 

An interesting feature of American steel export 

trade since the war "has been the movement in galvanized 

sheets. A constant expansion has been in 

progress until for 1919 these exports exceeded the 

1913 outgo by over 33 per cent or 101,600 gross 

tons as against 71,200 tons. The 1919 r&te of 8500 

tons per month is still being maintained. The heaviest 

buyers are the South American countries, Canada, 

Australia and Japan in the order mentioned. 

Ill 1919 South America took about 17 per cent of 

the total exports, Canada about the same and Japan 

about 15.5 per cent. 

British exports of galvanized sheets, only 736 

tons per month in 1918, increased in 1919 to 15,500 

tons per month and in the first quarter of this year 

were 33,280 tons per month. Before the war Great 

Britain was the largest exporter of sheets, the outgo 

for 1913 having been 63,600 tons per month. 

The world demand for galvanized sheets is very 

heavy. In 1913 839,255 tons, or 70,000 tons per 

month, represented the combined -British and American 

exports. These same exports amounted to only 

69,500 tons in 1918. Last year they were 287,700 

tons or still about one-third of the pre-war exports. 

When one considers the reduced operations of continental 

Europe in the manufacture of sheets, the 

facts spell unmistakably a world demand for American 

and British galvanized sheets of large proportions 

for some years to come and a certain activity 

in the foreign American zinc trade as well. 

Construction Started on Sheet Mill at 

Indianapolis 

Construction has started on the new four-mill sheet 

plant which is being erected by the Chapman-Price 

Steel Co. on a 50-acre site on the outskirts of Indianapolis, 

with Pennsylvania railroad frontage. Equipment 

contracts have been awarded. Work will be 

pushed to completion and it is expected production 

will commence late in the fall. The plant will have 

galvanizing equipment and will include a fabricating 

unit. It represents the initial sheet-producing 

capacity in the Indianapolis territory and is being 

fully financed by Indianapolis interests. 

The output of the sheet mills will consist of black 

and galvanized sheets, while the fabricating plant 

will produce gutters, troughs, eve spouts and other 

kindred sheet metal products. Whether any sheet 

capacity will be available for the market will depend 

upon demand for the fabricated production of the 

company. The new plant will replace a works operaled 

for many years by the old Chapman Steel Co., 

a fabricating interest which purchased its sheet requirements, 

and whose property was destroyed by 

(Ire in March. Following the fire, the company was 

reorganized under the name of th_ Chapman-Price 

Steel Co., with a capitalization of $1,500,000 divided 

into $1,000,000 of common and $500,000 of preferred 

All of the coninon lias been issued and about half 

of the preferred, proceeds being used in part for 

construction purposes. 

Officers of the company are Niles Chapman, president 

and treasurer; L. H. Price, vice-president and 

sales manager; J. J. Beck, vice president in charge 

of mills and the galvanizing department. Lief Lee, 

consulting engineer of Younsstown, Ohio. 906 Wick 

Building, is handling the engineering work for the 

company. Mr. Beck is now superintendent of sheet 

mills of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. at its East 

Youngstown works. Edward S. Plott, turn foreman 

for the Sheet & Tube company, will be superintendent 

of mills of the Chapman-Price company. 

The company will have an annual productive capacity 

of 24,000 tons of sheet steel, and will employ 350 

men. Work of building up on operating organization 

is now going forward. 

The plant will consist of four main buildings including 

the principal structure to liouse the mills, 

which will be 85 x 280 ft.; a building 85 x 280 ft. 

for sheet bar storage and the furnaces; galvanizing 

building 60 x 260 ft. and fabricating department in 

a structure 80 x 260 ft. There will also be a main 

office building 32 x 64 ft., two stories, of brick and 

steel. 

The contract for steel for the buildings and its 

erection has been awarded the Blaw-Knox Co., Pittsburgh; 

for cranes to the the Morgan Engineering 

Co., Alliance, Ohio, and for mills shears and doublers 

to the Birdboro Steel Foundry & Machine Co. of 

Birdsboro, Pa. 

Recipes from an Old Scrap Book 

J.

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 2. 1920 

Equipment Already Exists at the University of Illinois 

for Scientific Tests and Experiment, But Further Financial 

Support Is Needed 

Research Work on House Drainage Sys 

One of the most important matters to the plumbing industry 

was discussed by Professor J. McLaren White before the convention 

of the Illinois Master Plumbers' Association a short 

time ago and on two points he laid stress: First that already 

investigation of the actions taking place in the house of drainage 

piping had been started and some equipment was available; 

second that funds for further investigations were needed. 

Extracts given here are taken from Illinois Master Plumber. 

A FEW years ago tests were made at the University 

of Illinois to determine a scientific 

basis for the design of plumbing stacks and 

vent lines. The chief credit for conducting the work 

is due to the initiative of H. Y. Carson. The expense, 

with the exception of the contribution of a considerable 

amount of materia] by the J. B. Clow Co., 

was paid from the University appropriations. 

The tests were not complete enough to be authoritive 

but were of great interest in indicating the need 

of another series in which certain conditions discovered 

in the preliminary tests could be taken account of. 

Four, 3 and 2-in. stacks were built to a height of the 

equivalent of about five stories. 

This installation is still intact and available for a 

continuation of the experiments. 

Briefly stated, the results aimed at were to deter 

tionary for eight years. In 1911-12 it was $2,292,- 

„. 561.4-_, and for 1918-19 it was $2,fT" 

e , 306,432.00. The University's total in- 

Cmversity s come f. i i e a »tate 

rate Universities of the country. That condit u 

-suit unless the University reduces Te n ber of^t 

achvt.es-which would retard the incr se J A 

economic wealth of the State in future or A 

the number of Students, which would be u n f . ^ 

M d 

unjus to the Youth of our State who wil li 

place tomorrow; or we must secure a ninrl t ^ ° Ur 

»«»e for operation, ^ ^ ' J ^ f 

to liVTt S he bl i e 'Vi" 6 UniVerS ^ now « »«» 

esent cond

JULY 2, 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 7 

He then mentioned and explained the many things 

that were engaging the Engineering Experiment Station 

including the work for railways for getting higher 

value out of fuels, for chilled Carwheels, for Secret 

work, for the Government, for heating Army Cantonments, 

for Natural warming air heating and ventilating 

Assoeiation, for locomotive performance, for 

the Bureau of Mines, for United States Full Administration 

and for cooperation with the Engineering 

Foundation and National Reasearch Council. 

He further stated that the importance of industrial 

research cannot be over-emphasized. The future 

success of the industries of Illinois and of the Nation 

depends upon a complete understanding of the scientific 

principles involved. This will result in true conservation 

; that is, in the elimination of waste and in 

increased efficiency in all the important industries. 

He closed by stating: 

Regarding the question of standardization of plans you 

rarely see a plan which adequately shows all the work 

which goes into the construction of the building. This 

is due partly to ignorance on the part of those who prepare 

the plans, and partly to the fact that they do not 

receive sufficient compensation for their services to justify 

them in working out the plans in detail. 

Both of these things should be remedied; and you can 

help very materially" by encouraging architects to stand 

for full commission for their services, and then expect 

them to prepare a proper set of plans and specifications 

fully showing all the work involved. 

The standardization work as proposed by this Committee, 

as I understand it, would involve the drawing up of 

a series of schedules showing proper installation of plumbing 

work. I remember seeing one put out by a plumber 

in the city of Peoria some five or six years ago, which it 

seemed was a great assistance in deciding how other 

plumbing systems ought to be laid out. They do not know 

enough—unless they employ specialists, or secure the assistance 

of you gentlemen—to properly lay out these plans. 

I think it would be entirely proper for you to offer your 

services to architects in laying out plumbing systems and 

make a specific charge therefor in each case. Of course, 

the architect accordingly would add that on to the charge 

he made to the owner, and thereby would be better off. 

110-volt D.-C. Automatic Power and Light Unit 

The usual rural home isolated electric lighting 

plant is a 32-volt installation and has the disadvantages 

of greater electrical losses in transmission 

of power and a more limited distribution area than 

when the lighting voltage is 110. 

The Kohler Co., Kohler, Wis., well known manufacturers 

of enameled sanitary ware, bathtubs and 

lavatories, realizing these facts has put on the market 

the Kohler automatic power and light unit shown 

complete in the illustration, which generates 110 

volts and marks a radical departure from the ordinary 

line of farm lighting plant design. 

This plant, which is 1500 watts or 1.5 K. W. 

capacity, greater than most others, is driven by a 

_ cvlinder, 4 cycle, valve-in-head 3!/2 h.p. gas engine 

operated at 1000 r. p. m. This speed is maintained 

bv a mechanical throttlinc, governor control regardless 

of the load but the fuel consumption is 

proportionately affected by the load. 

The 16-cell storage battery forming a part of the 

usual isolated lighting plant, requires a certain 

amount of care and attention to keep it properly 

functioning and also it has attached to it a replace 

ment expense but in the new Kohler unit this storage 

battery has been eliminated and simply a six-cell 

automobile starting battery used. This battery is 

kept automatically charged and is always ready for 

use. 

A patented mechanism which is located in a steel 

metal box on the generator controls thc automatic 

starting and stopping plant of the plant and enables 

the unit to be started by turning on any lamp or 

motor on the system. The first lamp turned on starts 

the plant and the last lamp or motor turned off shuts 

it down. 

AUTOMATIC 110 VOLT ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER UNIT 

The current from the generator goes direct to the 

line and a high tension magneto furnishes ignition, 

making the plant entirely independent of batteries, 

and a vacuum tank which can be connected to an 

outside source of fuel makes it possible to operate 

this unit for months without attention except to replenish 

oil and water every few weeks. 

The unit is equipped with a thermo-siphon circulating 

automobile type radiator, holding A/2 gal. of 

cooling water, while the engine bearings are lubricated 

by either a pressure or splash oiling system. 

The total weight of the plant is 425 lb., and that 

of the battery 935^ lb. Its maximum height and 

length is 34J/_ and 33^2 in. respectively. In addition 

to farms, this installation is suitable for small 

summer resorts, hunting lodge, camps, country 

garges, stores, moving picture theatres and other 

buildings not supplied by an electric lighting 

company. 

THE MUTUAL HEATING CO., Manchester, Conn., has 

been incorporated with a capital of $100,000. The 

incorporators are: F. E. Watkins, I . H. Anderson, 

C. A. House, A. L. Russell and G. W. Smith, all 

of Manchester.

8 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 2, 1920 

Remodelling Greenhouse in which Vapor Vacuum Maintains 70 Deg. When Outdoor Temperature is 20 Below 

Making Over a Greenhouse Job 

Cold House Made Warm When Vacuum System Using 

Natural Gas Fuel Is Substituted for Hot Water Plant 

MAINTAINING a temperature of 65 deg. in a 

greenhouse when the thermometer records outside 

temperature of 20 deg. below zero is a 

noteworthy feat and especially when the system has 

been previouly unsatisfactory. A Pennsylvania 

steam fitter did the job and as it has given entire 

satisfaction under the severe tests of several winters' 

service, some of its interesting points are presented. 

When a greenhouse owner decided to enlarge his 

range, he consulted W. B. Metzger, Port Allegheny, 

Pa., concerning the best method of heating and commissioned 

him to do the work. The original house 

was 15 x 45 ft., heated by hot water with an overhead 

system of flow lines and pipe coils under the 

benches. A number of changes had been made but 

the system failed to keep the temperature even. The 

end where the hot water dropped into the coils to return 

under the benches was always several degrees 

warmer than the other end of the house. The water 

could not be made to 

travel back fast enough to 

maintain an even temperature 

at both ends of the 

greenhouse, which is very 

essential. 

The range is shown and 

in an exterior view the 

boiler house and glass 

section at the right show 

the original installation. 

The first addition included 

the main upright parts 

and then lean-to sections 

were later added to both 

sides. The plan and elevation 

show the existing 

plant. 

rpi , . ,. Overhead Piping at End of Ma: 

tne lean-to sections are From 2.\ 

what complicated the work for the heating men for, 

by the time they reached the outside with the roof' 

they were very close to the ground and excavation 

for runways had to be made in order to have sufficient 

room to walk and work around benches. As 

some benches were built directly on the ground, there 

was no chance of putting coils under them and no 

way to cross them with returns to the original level 

The main house is 38 ft. wide x 100 ft. long and 

the original is 15 x 45 ft. Of course a larger boiler 

had to be used and in order to equalize the temperature 

throughout, a vapor vacuum system, thermostatically 

controlled, was selected 

n/iQ < .n b .i ler !? - a ' eCti ° nal cast " ir »n ^yle, rated 

at 1950 ft. and is provided with Monitor type gas 

burners arranged so that a row of eight on each side 

thVwf .°;\ u / n . directly a « ainst the Sid " at 

he bottom of the fire box and a triple row of eight 

through the center are elevated so that the hlat 

strikes directly on the 

crown. The gas service 

line is 2 in. in size up to 

the point where it discharged 

into the mainifolds 

of the burners and 

the pressure is nominally 

8 oz. though occasionally 

it gets as low as 5 to 6 oz. 

for short periods. 

All together there are 

40 4 in. burners and, as 

the system is thermostatically 

controlled, it is not 

necessary to have all in 

operation except in ex 

House Fi ve 1-in. Connections 

. Main 

tremely cold weather. By 

îng gas fuel there is 

derived a big advantage


over coal, both in temperature control, convenience 

and attention. By comparison with other plants 

using coal, the cost of natural gas in the first season's 

run was just a little in excess of coal, but when 

the expense of handling coal and ashes and the time 

required to attend the boiler is figured the balance 

is the other way. So the owner was satisfied. But 

now with the high price of coal and the gas price 

not advancing in proportion, the balance is now in 

favor of gas. 

In the old house the existing piping was used 

except that the coils under benches were reduced 

from four to three pipe and a thermos valve was installed 

at the return end before going into the return 

system so that the whole house, is controlled by 

one valve. In the new extension overhead flow mains 

and coils under benches were used where construction 

made them impracticable. 

On the side of the house next to the boiler room 

a bench was built directly on the ground so that 

bv taking a separate connection from the boiler directly 

to the top of a coil hung on the side wall, it 

Arrangements o f 

Remodelled Greenhouse 

Heating 

Plant Showing 

Size of Mains and 

Returns. 

was possible to connect to the original return at the 

old level. As it was a dry return system the boiler 

was set so that the water line was 2 ft. below the 

general level of the house in order to allow all returns 

to be graded from tho coils on an average of 

J4 in. to the foot and reach the boiler about 20 in. 

above the water line. This is not quite as much as 

a good many advocate but was found to be sufficient. 

The lean-to sections where runways had to be crossed 

by dropping the return lines down and across them 

and then to create the proper circulation of air back 

through the returns, a small line was carried up and 

over the passage, joining the returns again after it 

had reached the general level or gate again, as shown 

in the accompanying elevation. Thus, when the 

radiator or coil was being filled, the air would be 

driven over through the small air line and so on out, 

and the condensation would drop down and across 

the passage and so on back. 

The coils were built of 1^4 in- pipe and manifolds 

and divided into a sufficient number of sections so as

10 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 2. 1920 

to permit equalizing the temperature of the house by 

turning on any particular one or set. The radiation 

which totals 1160 ft. is in excess of what would be 

required providing they were all run under any 

pressure. Central control is by a thermostatic heat 

control device located just off the center main house. 

It required some experimenting to find out how many 

and which radiators to run to balance the house properly 

but once ascertained it was not necessary to 

change under ordinary conditions. 

The house contains 5578 sq. ft. of glass surface 

and the total amount of radiation installed being 1160 

the proportion is something like 1 ft. of radiation to 

•1.7 ft. of glass. 

There never has been any difficulty in maintaining 

the required temperature of 65 to 70 deg. with the 

thermometer down to 20 deg. below zero at times, 

so that the efficiency of the system is unquestionable 

and demonstrates the correctness of the changes 

made. 

Homes of Polish City Used for Fuel 

F U E L is such an all important need in relieving 

destitution and disease in Poland that one of the 

first acts of the American Red Cross upon penetrating 

to the city of Dvinsk was to organize expeditions 

among the more robust citizens to go forth to the 

nearest forests and cut down firewood. 

For though Dvinsk is in the heart of a rich timber 

section, her chief industries in pre-war days having 

been her saw-mills and wood factories, the paralysis 

of her transportation system has left her for the 

past 5 years at the mercy of the bitter cold of this 

northern countrv, the only resources of her citizens in 

facing the fuel famine, the tearing down of the houses 

of their own town for firewood. 

When the invading armies departed, they shipped 

out every piece of machinery in the countrv capable 

of being moved. The rest they ruthlessly 

wrecked. Not even the rails were left upon the 

railroad tracks, the complete spoilation of the 

country being rendered permanent by thus cutting 

off all means of replenishing the industries. Machinery 

today is the. crying need of the entire countrv, 

for without it neither reconstruction nor moving of 

the life-saving supplies can be effected. 

Before the war the population of Dvinsk was 150.- 

000. approximately 10.000 of whom found emplovment 

in her seven large lumber mills, which were 

kept working day and night, in order to meet the demands 

of the times. Planing mills, wood factories 

and various plants allied with the lumber trade gave 

a livelihood to the remainder of the working classes 

the thrift of whom was attested by the numberless 

little gable-roofed, balconied cottages of wood that 

were one of the city's chief attractions. 

Today scarcely a tithe of these pretty little homes 

remain. It is a common sight in the streets of Dvinsk 

to see a mob of white-faced men. women and bovs. 

their rags scarcely covering their nakedness, fighting 

for a piece of plank, a splinter of pine sliding— 

anything that will serve to burn for firewood, and 

all harvested from one of the thousands of abandoned 

homes, as beam by beam, joint by joint, the 

structure of logs and siding is rent apart. 

Hundreds of stark chimneys and stone foundations 

mark the sites of once beautiful residences, the owners 

of which, to the number of 100.000 are now 

scattered to the four corners of the earth, the victims 

of invasion, pillage and famine. From out of her 

150,000 inhabitants, there is left to Dvinsk today a 

scant 10.000. In place of the 10.000 workmen who 

tramped through her once prosperous streets on their 

way to work, less than 100 today can find employment. 

Lack of fuel and lack of machinery to supply it, 

has brought the industrial life of this Polish city to 

a standstill, its future bound up inexorably with the 

fuel supply. 

Even the aid of local organizations has been futile 

because the fuel shortage prevented its administration 

under normal conditions. Particularly is this 

true in the case of the Dvinsk orphanage, maintained 

by some big-hearted Polish women, who gathered together 

from the streets and byways 50 forlorn little 

P \ w 6 2 Bee " Sacrifi «d bv Hundreds Dunn, the 

Past NYinter to Provide Fue. for the Desperate Inhabitants 

of Dvinsk. They are Stoutly Constructed of Logs 

Usually Covered with Pine Sidings 

lee on of T , 1St S ° l0ng ^ had no "col- 

Z ._. X P ar l nt ;.\ love or care. Out of their meagrestore 

these Polish women supplied a daily ration 

of potato soup and one fire on which to cook it, but 

the bare, bleak barracks which the children shared 

"heated, and the wretched little ones could only 

ddê together miserably trying to keep warm, untU 

the Red Cross came to bring them cheer and warmth 

Blankets, new clothes, condensed milk and c W 

late were supplied and one of the first nl_-7T 

which the firewood, cut d.wn by the Red tl 8" -Toodchoppers 

umts^ was consigned was the barracks 

orphanage at Dvinsk. oarracks

ULY 2, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 11 

Our Facilities Mean Over-Production 

Foreign Goods Must Be Exchanged For Our Surplus 

Such Exchange Is Imperative to Save Customer 

It Will Restore Money Values 

America Must Buy Abroad to Prosper 

"p* VERY citizen is interested in the ability of foreign 

countries to take things we can make as well 

as raise on the farms. They haven't the money and 

we have enough. They can participate in the time 

honored Yankee practice of swapping what they have 

for what they want. They need to borrow ahead so 

as to get ready to swap. 

The question is shall we lend and will we swap? 

Think it over! We cannot avoid doing it. They need 

help and this is the best way to give help. 

The following is from The Iron age and bears directly 

on the matter and will give further support to 

the argument: 

After proper allowance for the invisible balance 

of trade, if we import less than we should, in relation 

to our exports, the price of exchange will fall, 

thus reducing to us the price of foreign goods, and 

advancing the price to foreigners of our goods, whereby 

the necessary adjustment will be forced. This 

is a law of trade. We shall have noth- 

Thisls ing to say. To control the matter it is 

a Law necessary for us to act through the 

of Trade medium of our purchases and sales. 

The exporter cannot force the situation. 

He may build up a foreign clientele, at great 

expense, and then see the exchange rate advance 

the prices the foreigner must pay to get those goods, 

without the exporter receiving any higher price, 

whereby the foreigner may refuse longer to buy. We 

cannot dictate what shall occur, but will have to manage 

things right if we wish our desires to be realized. 

Before the war it was necessary to export about 

$500,000,000 more merchandise a year than we imported, 

taking values as reported in the statistics, in 

order to equalize an unseen balance of trade, which 

was against us to about the amount 

One Reason mentioned. We did not find it particle 

Must ularly easy to do this, hence there was 

Export constant urging that we endeavor to 

increase our exports. Imports as reported 

are valued at the foreign port, hence freights 

paid to foreign vessel owners on our imports were 

against us. Exports are valued at our home ports, 

but we received, as an offset scarcely anything in 

freights paid by foreigners to Ameriean shipowners 

on these exports. American tourists spent money 

abroad, and foreign born, residing here, sent money 

to relatives abroad, sometimes leaving the country 

and taking money with them. Several billion of our 

securities were owned abroad and we had to take care 

of interest and dividend payments. The net of all 

this was about half a billion dollars a year, which 

we made up by exporting correspondingly more than 

we imported. 

No precise estimate can be made as to the unseen 

balance in the future. Interest and dividend 

payments will be in our favor instead of against us. 

Qcean 

The drafts by the foreign born earning 

Freiahts to mone y "l th^ country will be much less 

Come our than formerly. American tourists 

ry abroad may spend more or less than 

they used to do. As to ocean freights, 

the balance will be in our favor. According to the 

latest figures, 40 per cent of our imports are in 

American vessels, and 60 per cent in foreign vessels, 

the 40 per cent being nearly all an addition to our 

revenue, but there is much more than that, since 50 

per cent of our exports are in American vessels, nearly 

all of this being a clear addition. 

Thus the unseen balance will be very largely in 

our favor, perhaps more than half a billion dollars 

a year, in place of there being a half billion dollars 

a year against us, as was the case before the war. 

Gold being out of the question as a means of settlement, 

the balance, apart from merchandise, will 

have to be settled by the movement of 

Securities securities. Assuming for argument 

Must Shift that the unseen balance will average 

as We Suffer half a billion dollars a year in our favor, 

we could have exports and imports 

equal and buy a half a billion a year of foreign securities, 

or invest the amount abroad, or we could 

do nothing in the latter matter and simply import 

half a billion more than we exported. Or we could 

export half a billion more than we imported and invest 

a billion a year. But if we attempt to do the 

impossible, to refrain from buying foreign securities 

or investing abroad and yet attempt' to export 

more than we import, the exchange rates will simply 

fall and apply the corrective influence to our foreign 

trade, whether we want it to or not. 

Floating Foreign Trade Exposition an 

Assured Success 

Hundreds of inquiries from manufacturers and 

others located in every state in the Union testify 

to the interest in the First National Foreign Trade 

Floating Exposition, announced by the American 

Manufacturers Export Association days ago. The 

largest exporting firms in the country have signified 

their intention of joining in the idea which will place 

American exporters on the same basis as the merchants 

of Great Britain and Japan. Negotiations 

are under way for the refitting of a vessel large 

enough to accommodate the exhibitors of American 

products so that, from present indications, the boat 

will leave New York during October. 

The exposition offices at 50 Broad Slreet, New 

York City, have been enlarged to take care of the 

inquiries that prove that American manufacturers, 

interested in foreign trade, are alive to the opportunities 

presented by this novel method of introducing 

their wares to foreign customers.


A statement, explaining the objects of the exposi 

tion is issued by W. P. Brawley, New York mana 

ger, as follows: 

The need of any facilities to more firmly cement our 

relations with the foreign buyer of Ameriean manufactured 

goods is very evident. The support and eo-operation we 

have received from all sources has heartened us in our 

idea. The functioning of this Exposition Ship can be 

expressed in very few words. The vessel will do away 

with the present method whereby an individual manufacturer 

must send his representative with his sample 

cases to the foreign countries where he desires to introduce 

his merchandise. This method whieh entails the 

setting up of an exhibit in a sample room for the purpose 

of interesting prospective buyers is very difficult. 

The aim of the Floating Exposition is to do away with this 

inconvenience and to enable American manufacturers to 

advantageously exhibit their goods in a manner that will 

attract the foreign buyer. 

Publicity is being given to the project in Central and 

South America and the Far East at this time. Preceding 

the ship some six weeks to two months, a competent publicity 

man will arrange for an advertising campaign. An 

interesting feature of the visit at the foreign port will be 

the program to be outlined by an entertainment committee 

to be selected by the exhibitors. After sufficient time has 

been devoted to the more interested visitors the ship will 

be thrown open to the general public. 

The Floating Exposition will stop at the most important 

ports only and the duration of the stay will vary 

from five days to two weeks. Interpreters will be on board 

with a view to promoting business relations between the 

representatives of American exporters and the buyers who 

come to view the exhibits. The exhibits will include a 

special department for textiles and wearing apparel; another 

for hardware; one for foodstuffs, etc. While it is 

not the intention to have exclusive exhibits, it has been 

decided that not more than one exhibitor of competitive 

lines will be accepted. 

Foreign buyers interested in cutlery will be able to find 

a display of representative lines of this class of merchandise 

on the vessel. The same holds true to all other lines 

of merchandise whieh will be included in the general exposition 

Experts voiced in all the phases of foreign trade 

methods will be on hand to advise exhibitors and prospective 

purchasers. 

The itinerary embraces the particular ports of Central 

and South America, New Zealand, British Strait Settlements, 

Australia, Philippine Islands, China and Japan. 

The trip will be of eight months' duration. The primary 

objective is to furnish a conveniently economic means 

for the manufacturer to have his personal representative 

come in actual contact with the foreign buyer by compounding 

a number of firms and having one ship devoted 

wholly to their activities. A considerable saving can be 

had for all concerns. 

Tin Refiners In the United States 

The extent to which American refined tin is grow 

ing as a factor in the domestic market appears from 

the imports of tin ore. In 1913 these were practically 

nil, but in 1916 they grew to 8307 gross tons. The 

increase was over 100 per cent in the next three years, 

or to 17,139 tons in 1919. The rate for the 10 months 

preceding May, 1920, was 2000 tons per month, 

against 1428 tons per month in 1919. These receipts 

are mostly Bolivian ores whieh are smelted in the 

vicinity of New York and are refined electrolytically. 

The results are significant not only as representing a 

new American industry, but also another important 

application of electro-chemistry to industry. While 

the output of American tin is insignificant as compared 

witli the country's consumption, what has been 

achieved is gratifying, since hitherto tin was the only 

major non-ferrous metal that was not produced in the 

United States. 

THE VENT 

I T IS an interesting line. 

It has different mean 

ings to different people 

but is usually thought of as 

an opening to the atmosphere. 

In this case it will 

give the right atmosphere 

and will carry from the sys 

tem thoughts for discussion 

on any topic that comes to 

mind. It belongs to every 

subscriber, so send in what 

ever you want to get off 

your chest. That will introduce 

THE VENT. 

It may contain a money 

making idea. 

Read it in the first issue 

every month. 

See all of you again August 

6. 

A.V.H.


This is the Place to submit your per 

Some other craftsmen will solve your 

plexing problems —the Place to 

problem and then you may be able fo 

gather and to scatter information. 

help someone from your experience. 

SERVKTITISISRATIS 

FROM W. D., WESTFIELD, N. J.— Replying to inquiry 

of "J. P. W." in the issue of June 25, I give 

the following for his information. When installing 

a damper in the suction or discharge 

How Shall line of a blower for fire protection it is 

Damper Be well to follow the recommendations of 

Arranged? the National Board of Fire Underwriters 

as shown herewith. 

Ducts should never pass through fire walls, but 

where it cannot be avoided they should be provided 

with automatic dampers as shown in Fig. 1, or nation- 

fa/A 

FLANGE COLLAR 

HAMPER AHO PVALL _i__

1. METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 2. 1920 



The M.i«,wnn- foi 

77ie Combination Shop 

THE EDITORS COMMENTARY 

FT was to keep a promise to an association 

•*• of sheet metal contractors that an article 

on another page was prepared, pointing 

to activities possible of widely beneficial 

effect if carried out. There is in all lines of 

industry at the present time a strong determination 

to co-operate in the 

Increase positive accomplishment of 

Sheet things that will popularize the 

Metal output, increase the demand 

Trade and bring along broad prosperity 

in which all can participate. 

Those who are studying the future 

sagaciously are endeavoring to arouse both 

mental and physical effort on things that 

benefit everybody but on which all must cooperate 

to bring them about. It is a period 

in our history when co-ordinated and united 

work is successful where individual effort 

would be unavailing. There are yet many 

things which the individual can do that wiil 

fit in admirably with large movements and 

several of them are brought to attention in 

the article to which reference may well be 

made bv the reader. 

r ¥MIE furnace industry owes it to its wel- 

-*- fare to change the idea that prevails in 

England in reference to warm-air 

furnace heating. In another column there 

is an article from a heating contractor in 

London who asks specific questions which 

English 

Idea of 

Furnace 

Heating 

can best be answered by both 

the manufacturers and the 

furnace heating contractors 

of the United States. It gives 

opportunity to point out that 

there are always plenty who 

are willing to do something just a little different 

or cheaper if they can get the business 

; also very few are striving to show those 

interested that the best possible way of doing 

something is very different from and 

very much better than the common practice. 

There is great need for inspiration of this 

sort. If the points raised are carefully and 

conscientiously answered with the welfare of 

the industry as the factor in preparation of 

the reply, there can be no doubt that their 

presentation in METAL WORKER, PLUMBER 

AXD STEAM FITTER will be not only for the 

benefit of the English concern making the inquiry, 

but all abroad who would like to know 

something more about the American practice 

of heating homes. Space will gladly be 

afforded for presentation of articles of this 

character and there is no concern which employs 

an expert or has a man qualified who 

should hold off, even in the enervating summer 

season, from the preparation of something 

giving his ideals on a phase of furnace 

heating practice. 

W f HATEVER may be the outlook for 

»" business in other branches of building 

trade there is nothing but encouragement 

for the enterprising and agressive 

plumber, heating contractor or sheet metal 

worker. People generally have more money 

than they have had for some time and they 

are still getting it. They are 

The Out- ' n *^ e f rame °f m m d to have 

look for laid Defoi ' e them the con- 

Business Prices and comforts which 

they can enjoy as well as the 

improvements and repairs 

that should be made on their property to 

keep them in first class order. 

There are several million homes in the 

United States and in every one of them 

there i.s a chance for some" business to be 

done, even if there are no new buildings 

erected. There are plenty of towns in the 

United States in which four or five houses 

a year are as many as are ever erected and 

yet the tradesmen in our lines in those towns 

have been reasonably prosperous and have 

been represented at their various trade conventions 

this year. They never have a building 

boom to bring them in a surplus of trade. 

Iheir whole business career is built on their 

own enterprise to carry to those who could 

use then- services such information as to 

what they could provide as will insure some 

business.

iLY 2, 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 15 

Semi-annual 

Engineers Convention of Heating 

Last Day Developed Much Discussion on Ventilation 

T H E Friday, May 28, session of the American 

Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, 

held at St. Louis, was mostly devoted to con 

sideration of ventilation topics. At the opening of 

the morning session President E. Vernon Hill ap 

pointed Vice-president Champlain L. Riley as official 

delegate to a meeting in Washington on June 3, of 

representatives from all engineering societies for the 

purpose of forming a National Engineering Society. 

E. S. Hallet in supplementing his paper on "The Sig 

nificance of Odorless Concentration of Ozone," gave 

instances where the application of concentrated odor 

less ozone had proved most beneficial in school rooms, 

and at the conclusion of his remarks Doctor McCulley 

suggested that the Research Bureau make a complete 

review of all literature on the subject. 

The paper of R. S. M. Wilde on "The Ventilation 

of Large Auditoriums" recommended a system dis 

charging the air into the auditorium 7 feet above the 

floor and exhausting it through ventilators in the roof. 

In the discussion whicli followed H. M. Hart said: 

I am not going to back down entirely on the floor introduction 

of ventilation. There are objections to it but, 

if properly operated and controlled, you get better distribution. 

Also hand control is better than good automatic 

control in auditoriums. 

When presenting his paper on "The Training of 

Janitors and Custodians," E. S. Hallet briefly told 

of the formation of a training school and the big sav 

ing in coal and oil resulting in the St. Louis public 

schools, and added that no bonus had to be offered 

as an incentive to save. 

H. M. HART:—I hope that this movement will become 

national and the school boards in all cities will inaugurate 

night schools for janitors. 

JOHN HOWATT:—The four schools which I visited in St. 

Louis struck me as being remarkable examples of cleanliness 

and orderliness and having the proper custodian. 

Unlike Chicago, there were no rules to govern the work. 

J. R. MCCOLL—These schools showed that the relationship 

between the employer and employee had been worked 

out very successfully, the position of janitor dignified and 

the chiidren trained in cleanliness. 

In the discussion of the paper on "The Sizing of 

Ducts and Flues," by H. Eisert, F. R. Still called 

attention to the omission of elbows as a factor in fric 

tion, whereas it is one of the most important. 

A. S. ARMAGNAC :—The more exact methods given in 

this paper are not followed due to the practical difficulties 

involved in commercial use. Also the difliculty with any 

theoretical methods of sizing ducts is that the factors of 

resistance due to bends, reductions, and the like cannot 

be accurately known while new shapes are being constantly 

developed. 

A GUEST:—The best all around efficient velocity to drive 

air is about 2,400 ft. considering cost of installation, depreciation 

and general efficiency. If you have a low velocitv 

you have a larger equipment and spend more 

money for vour plant than is necessarv, while if you go 

beyond 2,400 ft. the cost of moving the air exceeds the 

results you get out of it commercially. 

Articles of the proposed new constitution pertain- 

in to dues, age limit, membership and other matters 

were discussed at lengtli and it was finally voted to 

return the draft to the committee. 

In the afternoon papers on "The Relation of the 

Death Rate to the Wet Bulb Temperature," by E. V. 

Hill and J. J. Aeberly, and "The Relation of the Wet 

Bulb Temperature of Health," by O. W. Armspach, 

were read, and since both treated related subjects and 

concluded that the ideal wet bulb temperature for 

indoors was 57 to 61 degrees, they were discussed 

together. 

J. J. DONNELLY:—I think ventilation is overdone and, 

if you add ozone and humidity control, it will become 

very expensive. Fresh air is really a luxury, although in 

some cases it may be a necessity. 

H. M. HART:—Are we going to sacrifice the health of 

the public for the sake of saving dollars? The expense 

is of secondary consideration while good conditions of 

sanitation and living are first. 

J. H. DAVIS:—The first object should be to introduce 

the pure air of nature into a room, inhale it and let it 

go elsewhere. It ought not to be forced in at such a 

temperature that it needs to be cooled or heated up and 

until that has been done, this humidity and ozone question 

is of little moment. 

P. NICHOLS:—The most important question, of course, is 

proper heat and ventilation. 

A resolution adopting the charter prepared by Doc 

tor E. V. Hill, chief of the Bureau of Sanitation, Chi 

cago Department of Health, as a tentative standard 

of measure of ventilation, was passed. 

The question of specifying a standard method of 

testing heating plants was then considered. 

H. M. HART:-Since the heat given off by pipe or radiator 

must necessarily enter into this testing, it should 

be a method of standardizing the conditions of the test. 

F R. STILL:—A good standard should be adopted determining 

where a thermometer should be placed, noiseless 

operation of radiators and apparatus in ventilation 

and establish a table of corresponding inside temperatures 

and outside temperatures. 

C W FARRAR.—While there is no code today it should 

not'be a difficult task with the data already at hand to 

work out a testing code for zero to 15 deg. temperaturebased 

upon a test that the average commercial man could 

perform. 

The discussion ended when President Hill said he 

would keep the suggestions in mind when selecting 

the committee of five authorized to be appointed. 

Before adjournment it was voted that the next an 

nual meeting in January adjourn to a western city, 

and that the summer meeting be held in Atlantic 

City, directly preceding or following the meeting of 

the Heating and Piping Contractors, National Asso 

ciation.


TRADE ASSOCIATION 

Enjoyable Sheet Metal Outing 

All of the members of the different organizations 

in the sheet metal trades in the vicinity of New 

York—the Employers' Association of Roofers and 

Sheet Metal Workers of New York City, the Roofers 

and Sheet Metal Business Men's Club, and the 

Brooklyn organization—joined in an outing on 

Wednesday, June 23. 

As the party gathered around the Elk's Club in 

Brooklyn, where automobiles were waiting, Jim 

Flanagan said, "Nobody is to talk shop today." 

Nevertheless M. L. Weiss, who learned his trade on 

the other side of the ocean in Hungary, had information 

about zinc roofing and Will Morrow, Frank K. 

Chew, editor. METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER, and others entered into a discussion as to 

why more zinc was not used in the LJnited States for 

roof covering. Mr- Weiss stated his experience gave 

Jiim no reason, while the popular idea of the born 

and bred Americans was that zinc would not do but 

they had no personal experience as Mr. Weiss has 

to back up their opinion. Mr. Weiss some 12 years 

ago built a zinc cornice and installed it on a building 

at Forty-third Street and Fifth Avenue, where 

it is still doing service. 

This discussion had not finished when the parties 

were instructed to climb in and start off. A beautiful 

trip whicli had been arranged by Secretary 

Herman Weinberger, 47 W. 42nd Street, New York, 

was made under fine weather conditions and the party 

thoroughly enjoyed the ride to Karatsonyi's at Glenwood 

on the Sound. 

The party had hardly arrived before the challenge 

between Brooklyn and New York for a baseball 

match resulted in activities and President George 

Brown was selected as umpire, notwithstanding the 

charges that he was partial and his decisions would 

go in accordance with his preference. Being a 

Brooklynite it was natural that the Brooklyns should 

win by a score of 6 to 3. Frank White made it all 

the way around on a good hit and the errors of 

those who should have stopped him at least half 

way- 

The first outing a few years ago brought out 35 

members but in the fifth outing, Wednesday, June 23, 

83 members participated and enjoyed the fine dinner. 

After a social relaxation the party again embarked in 

the automobiles for Shelburne's restaurant at Coney 

Island and most of the registers hnd something over 

70 miles for the day's run. After the meal had been 

heartily disposed of, some dancing girls appeared as 

part of the cabaret, which filled the eye as full as 

the stomachs of the party. Then after this show 

was over the party adjourned to see a show at one 

of the theatres and, when the final adjournment came 

all were agreed that a most delightful day had been 

enjoyed. 

The concerns represented are as follows: M. R. 

Westergren, Inc., 213 East 144th Street, New York 

City; Bay Ridge Sheet Metal Works, 672 Seventysecond 

Street, Brooklyn; Brenner Brothers, 973 

Franklin Avenue, Brooklyn; Craig & Brown. 421 

Twenthieth Street, Brooklyn; City Guaranteed Roofing 

Co., 161 East 110th Street, New York City; William 

F. Clark Co., 315 Fourth Avenue, Brooklyn; N. 

Coleman, Inc., 33 East Twelfth Street, New York 

City; Barber Asphalt Paving Co.; 233 Broadway, 

New York City; National Sheet Metal Roofing Co., 

338 Grand Street, Jersey City N. J.; METAL 

WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER, New York 

City; Davis Brothers, 311 East 148th Street, New 

York City; J. Dames Co., Inc.; Hartel & Davies, 

480 Clermont Avenue, Brooklyn; L. C. Hirsch & 

Co., 33 Thirty-fourth Street, Brooklyn; Bruce & 

Cook, 190 Water Street, New York City; L. A. Storch 

& Co., 517 East Seventy-third Street, New York 

City; General Roofing & Waterproofing Co.; Building 

Trades Employers Association, 34 East Thirty- 

The Auto Party En Route 

third Street, New York City; S. M. Friedman Co., 

95 Cedar Street, Brooklyn; Liberty Sheet Metal 

Works, 586 Jackson Avenue, New York Citv; Barrett 

Co., 17 Battery Place, New York City; Hecla Slate 

Co. 205 Lewis Street, New York City; Metropolitan 

Sheet Metal Works, Flushing and Metropolitan 

Avenues, Brooklyn; Delaney & Otten, 485 Fourth 

Avenue, Brooklyn; Sheet Metal Construction Co., 

170 East Seventy-third Street, New York City; Universal 

Sheet Metal Works, 4014 Park Avenue, New 

York City; Gorman & Lees, 344 West Twenty-fourth 

Street, New York City; Fred Lechner Co., 127 

Troutman Street, Brooklyn; D. Levow, 881 East 

163rd Street, New York City; A. H. Jeter Co., 95 

Webster Avenue, Brooklyn; Architectural Metal 

Works, 161 East Sixty-fifth Street, New York City; 

W. W. Morrow, 413 West Fiftieth Street, New York 

City, Ludowici-Celadon Co., 225 Lexington Avenue, 

New York City; Fordham Cornice Works, 2009 

Montrery Avenue, New York City; Guntz & Peterman, 

73 Snyder Avenue, Brooklyn; Porth Brothers, 

2924 Fulton Avenue, Brooklyn; General Sheet Metal 

& Blower Pipe Works, 434 West Seventeenth Street, 

New York City, C. A. Puckett, 1479 Fulton Avenue, 

Brooklyn; Benjamin Riesner Sheet Metal Works 28 

East Eighty-fifth Street, New York City; Jacob 

Ringle & Son, 83 Newark Avenue, Jersey City, N 

J.; M. Rosensweig, 248 Fiftieth Street, Brooklvn; 

Globe Sheet Metal Works, 208 East Eighty-ninth 

Street, New York City; Stephan & Danner, Union 

Course, L. I.; S. Silverman; Strober Brothers, 449 

Atlantic Avenue, Brooklyn; Tidewater Roofing Co., 

40 Sullivan Street, New York City; Sheet Metal Co. 

M. L. Weiss, 68 East Eleventh Street, New York- 

Frank White, 220 Leonard Street, Brooklyn • William 

R. "ioung Co., 169 Lorimer Sreet, Brooklyn


Ohio Sheet Metal Contractors' Program 

Interesting Features for Annual Convention to Be Held 

at Toledo, July 20, 21 and 22 

Through the courtesy of J. D. Gerken, 25-29 Ontario 

Street, Toledo, Ohio, the following program Is 

given for the convention of the Ohio Association of 

Slieet Metal Contractors to be held in Toledo, July 

20-22, with headquarters at Hotel Secor: 

Tuesday, July 20, 1920, 9 a tn., Regisration of Delegates 

Convention called to order by John Weigel, president 

of Ohio Master Sheet Metal Contractors' Association. 

Response by Williani Martin, president of local association, 

introducing the Honorable Cornell Schreiber, mayor of 

Toledo. 

Welcoming address by Warren E. Griffith, president of 

Toledo Chamber of Commerce. 

Response by President John Weigel. 

In the Afternoon at 4:30 p. m. 

Auto trip through the city and around the beautiful residence 

section of Toledo, including Maumee and Perrysburg. 

Dinner and entertainment at La Tabernilla, on the shore 

of Maumee Bay. 

Wednesday Morning, July 21, 9:30 a. m. 

Reports of committees. 

Address by R. E. Taylor. Subject—Furnace Installation. 

Address by J. C. Greenberg. Subject—How To Make 

Success of Sheet Metal Art. 

In the Afternoon at 1:30 p in 

Boat ride to Sugar Island, luncheon aboard boat. 

Thursday Morning, July 22, 9:30 a. m. 

Address by State Industrial Commissioner. 

Question box. 

Election of officers. 

Selection of next convention city. 

The ladies will be entertained during the time of business 

sessions by a committee in charge of Mrs. J. D. Gerken, 

the program for which will be announced later. Please 

write us as early as possible if you are going to attend the 

convention so that we will be enabled to make arrangements 

and reservations for you when you get here. 

Peoria Sheet Metal Contractors Meet 

New Officers Elected at Annual Meeting on Wednesday 

Through the courtesy of Secretary Frank I. Eynatten, 

1317 South Washington Street, Peoria, UL, 

the following information in reference to the annual 

meeting of the Sheet Metal Contractors' Association 

of Peoria, UL, is presented. 

The annual meeting was held on Wednesday, June 

2, and apparently the election of officers was the 

only business for consideration, which resulted as 

follows: President, H. T. Becker; vice-president, R. 

Strehlow; secretary, F. I. Eynatten, 1317 South 

Washington Street; treasurer, R. J. Jobst; trustees, 

J. Oechsle, H. A. Baumann and William Hierspeil. 

Pittsburgh Gets Sheet 

Metal Convention Report 

The certainty of getting a good report of what 

transpired at the convention of the National Association 

of Sheet Metal Contractors in Peoria brought a 

full turn-out of the members of the Pittsburgh Association 

when President Louis Luekhardt opened it 

with W. F. Angemeyer acting as secretary in the 

absence of J. D. Riley. 

As both officers were at the Peoria gathering they 

gave the correct reflection of the convention views on 

training workmen, getting the true costs so the price 

would be right, and the whole inside and outside of 

the hall discussions. The association also took up 

the manner in which tile roofing is handled in Pittsburgh, 

and there are sure to be some changes that 

will lead to a better distribution of the profits and 

a more fair and businesslike way of handling this 

branch of trade. 

Midland Club Has Big 

Attendance at Chicago 

Reports Show Plants Busy, Demand Keepjng Pace with 

Production and Prices High 

The best response to the call for the summer meeting 

of the Midland Club resulted in fifty firms being 

represented at the June 23 gathering in the Sherman 

Hotel, Chicago. 

Reports from all sides were to the effect that plants 

were exceptionally busy, and that all goods produced 

was being absorbed as soon as it made its appearance. 

Salesmen have been recalled from the road and, while 

new building operations have continued small, replacements 

have taken all available stocks. Producing 

costs are on the up-grade as metal prices are generally 

higher, labor is less efficient and transportation more 

expensive. 

Past Pres. John D. Green 

The topic "More Furnace Trade Abroad" was 

brought up in a paper by Frank K. Chew, editor, 

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER, and 

presented by Secretary Allen W. Williams. 

J. M. Trigg, Majestic Co., Hunington, Ind., was 

elected president to succeed John D. Green, Aurora, 

UL, who is no longer engaged in the furnace industry, 

but as his interest continues and is allied, the 

honor of being the first and only honorary member of 

the association was conferred upon him. John Kerch, 

of 20th Century Heating & Ventilating Co., Akron, 

Ohio, was elected vice-president and Allen W. Williams 

continues as secretary. 

The meeting adjourned early in the afternoon, and 

a party of several members was taken on an inspection 

tour by Mr. Miller of the Cribben & Sexton Co. 

through the company's Chicago plant.


Delaware Valley Golfers Meet 

After hearing addresses from the state officers the 

organization was effected and the following officers 

Enjoyable Day Spent at Trenton Country Club by Many 

elected: President, Wilfred Walker; vice-president, 

Members and Guests 

Charles J. Leager; secretary, Alexander J. Brockner; 

A meeting of the Delaware Valley Trade Golf As 

treasurer, Fred Dyer; financial secretary, F. Bartow; 

sociation was held ;.t the Trenton Country Club, 

trustees, William Strong, A. Kramer and R. Brown; 

Trenton, N. J., June 22, 1920, all of the Trenton 

sergeant-at-arms, F. Bettillie. 

members of the association acting as hosts. Thirty- 

Another friend of the association who was present, 

three members and five guests were in attendance and 

and through whose courtesy the above is presented, 

the unanimous vote proved that a very enjoyable day 

was V. P. Christofferson of the Manufacturers' Lia 

had been spent at the Trenton Club. 

bility Insurance Co., Jersey City, N. J. 

The prizes for the day were awarded as follows: 

The new organization starts out with well formu 

Morning event, lowest net score: A. M. Maddocks, first lated plans that insure success and benefit to the 

prize; B. Harold Deacon, second prize. 

niembers and the trade. 

Afternoon event, best ball foursome: E. S. Aitken, W. G. 

The Annual outing of the Association was held 

Titus, first prize; H. W. Seymour, Thomas H. Powers, Jr., 

second prize; J. H. Dallett, George Bell, third prize. Wednesdav. June 30- 

The contest for the third prize resulted in a triple 

tie between Messrs. Dallett and Bell, Maddock and 

Newton, and Allen and Deacon, and after a putting 

contest was won by Messrs. Dallett and Bell, Mr. 

Dallet being the contestant for his side. 

The association was especially fortunate in selecting 

another fine day for weather, and coupled with 

the splendid hospitality of the Trenton boys, it certainly 

made the June meeting a splendid success. 

The July meeting will be held at the Lulu Country 

Club, Edge Hill, Pa., on Tuesday, Julv 20. 

Chicago Steam Fitters Elect Officers 

Dinner Procedes Annual Meeting at 

Hotrl Sherman. June 22 

An unusually excellent dinner opened the annual 

meeting of the Chicago Master Steam Fitters' Association 

in the Hotel Sherman, June 22. After it had 

reached its proper station President E. J. Claffy 

called for the report of the nominating committee 

which was unanimously adopted. 

The officers who will lead the association for the 

coming year are: President, H. M- Hart; vice-president, 

F. C. Black; secretary, Charles Glennon; 

treasurer, B. W. Brady; 

Board of Directors: Geo. H. Henrich, W. E. 

Benoit- 

Board of Arbitration: W. A. Pope, George M. 

Getschow, W. J. Gemeny, R. T. Wray. 

Alternates for Board of Arbitration: T. J. Monoahn, 

E. J. Kohlbry. 

Delegate to B. C. E. A.: O. W. Jovien. Alternate, 

J. A. Cook. 

Grantwood, N. J., Plumbers Organize 

Eastern Bergen Master Plumbers Association 

Established and Officers Elected. 

As the result of the initiative work done by Vice- 

President Williani J. Orriss, of the New Jersey Assoeiation 

of Master Plumbers, there was a meeting in 

Grantwood, N. J., in the Office of C. J. Leager, on 

Monday, June 21, when the Eastern Bergen Master 

Plumbers' Association was instituted and officers 

elected. 

Those who participated in the organization were: 

State President William A. Snudden, Morristown; 

State Organizer William F. Beck, Lake Hopatcong; 

Third Vice-president William J. Orriss, Jersey City; 

Flenrv F. Krieger and Charles Zimmerman. 

Eastern Supply Association Bulletin 

Members of tlie Eastern Supply Association will 

find a great deal to interest them in the special bulletin 

issued in reference to the meeting of the association 

in Niagara Falls, Canada, and the joint meeting 

with the Central Supply Association. The production 

is largely that of President Joseph F. Evans, 

who has had no hesitation in giving emphasis to 

matters of importance and his reference to the contributions 

for the Trade Extension Bureau should 

secure an encouraging response. 

CURRENT NOTES of 

ALL THE TRADES^ 

Personal Notes 

EARL F. HAINES, son of fourth vice-president D. M. 

Haines, of the National Association of Sheet Metal 

Contractors, and accountant in his father's business, 

The Haines Co., 1929 West Lake Street. Chicago, 

was married on Wednesday evening, June 8, to 

Miss E. Richelt, of Maywood, 111. The couple are 

spending their honeymoon at Muskegon, Mich. 

ARTHUR B. GLESSNER, Excelsior Steel Furnace Co., 

Chicago, left last week for a month's pleasure trip 

in the east, including Atlantic City and some of 

the New England mountain resorts. 

PROFESSOR A. C. WILLARD, professor of heating and 

ventilation at the University of Illinois, Urbana, 

UL, has made a visit to Boston and is sojourning 

in the east until the end of June. 

JOHN D. CALDWELL has been appointed district sales 

manager for the Brier Hill Steel Co., Youngstown, 

in the Chicago territory, to succeed J. A. Rees, 

recently deceased. He had assisted Mr. Rees for 

several years, and is well and favorably known to 

the trade in his district. 

H. A. KINNAN, for seven years secretarv-treasurer of 

the Lennox Furnace Co., Marshalltown Iowa, has 

assumed the duties of general manager on June 15 

when E. P. Miller resigned, after 16 years of service, 

to organize a new company for the manufacture 

of furnaces.


W. G. WISE, AKRON, OHIO, president of the National 

Warm Air Heating and Ventilating Association, 

was in Chicago this week attending thc Midland 

Club meeting. 

CHESTER KUEBLER, advertising manager of Burnett- . 

Larsh Mfg. Co., Dayton, Ohio, makers of "Duro" 

water supply systems, was taken seriously ill while 

en-route to the Master Plumbers' convention in 

Pittsburgh. His case was pronounced appendicitis 

and the offending member was removed on June 22. 

While his many friends missed him, his interests 

at the "Duro" booth were well cared for and all 

will be glad to know that he is convalescing nicely. 

A. J. BELFRY has resigned as general manager of 

the American Machine Tool & Engineering Works, 

Chicago, 111., to push the sale of a new labor-saving 

soldering tool for sheet metal, furnacemen and 

plumbers. 

J. M. DOYLE, OF ELLENWOOD & DOYLE, 12 Great 

Jones Street, New York City, dealers in sheet 

metals and sheet metal workers' supplies and tools, 

has returned from a delightful trip to Bermuda, 

having had splendid weather both ways. His outing 

gave him an opportunity to view the trade situation 

with open mind on his return and he notes that 

the conditions now prevailing are peculiar. With 

a shortage of stock, railroad complication and now 

the possibility of complication with the tin plate 

workers, there is little probability of sufficient accumulation 

stock to make things convenient for the 

sheet metal contractors or of any reduction in prices. 

CHARLES A. BOOTH, vice-president and sales manager 

of the Buffalo Forge Co., Buffalo, N. Y., was 

recently elected a director of the Worcester Polytechnic 

Institute, Worcester, Mass. 

Heating and Plumbing 

THE PACIFIC GAS RADIATOR CO., 614 South Grand 

Avenue, Los Angeles, manufacturer of gas radiators, 

filed plans for a one-story brick addition, 50 

x 127 feet. 

THE SANATAR COMPANY of Indiana was incorporated 

on June 21, at Indianapolis, Ind., with a capital 

stock of $50,000 for the purpose of manufacturing 

Sanatar sewage disposal tanks. This tank is designed 

for use where sewers are not available. A 

novel feature of the Sanatar consists in the portability 

of the tank, as it can be built up so as to accommodate 

the smallest unit required to take care 

of the sewage disposal of five people to the largest 

installation for a hotel, school house, etc. It is 

built upon lines said to be approved by the United 

States Health Service and has received the special 

commendation and approval from the State Board 

of Health of Indiana and other states. It is of 

reinforced concrete and is light in construction. 

The company is operating a plant at Portland, Ind.. 

and will have another one in operation at West 

Palm Beach, Fla., in the near future. The product 

will be sold through jobbers only. 

JUST THE CHARACTER OF INFORMATION that will be 

needed by the man who has not heretofore installed 

water supply systems is given in the "Duro" in- 

stallation and instruction book, issued by the Burnett-Larsh 

Mfg. Co., Dayton, Ohio. It opens with 

some aid to those who have not been selling water 

systems for suburban residence and the diagrams 

show the various methods of installing thc motor, 

the pump, the pressure tank and connection with 

the well or cistern. There are ten of these different 

diagrams which cover practically everything a 

man may be called up to do. Then there are pictures 

of the "Duro" outfit in sections and in separaiton 

so that the man can see every part and study 

out its purpose and be sure he has got it put together 

right. There are also detailed instructions 

and finally there are halftone engravings showing 

the twelve important steps that two men are taking 

in installing a pumping outfit as will have to be 

done by all who take up this work. The information 

will be particularly valuable to those men who 

have not had opportunity to see working outfits in 

the showrooms or in exhibits at state and national 

gatherings and who must, in a large measure, solve 

their own problems of installation. 

THE IMPERIAL SOIL PIPE WORKS, Bessemer, Ala., are 

planning for the erection of a new unit for the 

manufacture of iron pipe and fittings. It is proposed 

to develop a capacity of about 30 tons a day. 

FROELICH BROTHERS, INC., 1-12 North Seventh Street, 

Philadelphia, plumbers' supplies, has had plans 

prepared for a new pipe building at Tenth and 

Hutchinson Streets, to cost about .* 10,000. 

FOR THE CONVENIENCE of its New England and 

other trade the Brown-Wales Co., Boston, Mass., 

has issued its price guide of plumbing, steam and 

water goods, and sheet metal, which carries one 

discount on all goods except soil pipes and fittings 

which has a slightly larger discount. It calls attention 

to stock shortage and the fact that at the 

present time it has nearly 1200 tons of merchandise, 

or equal to about 50 carloads, in transit from

20 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 2k 1920 

the various mills and manufacturers. The book 

has 48 pages showing waterclosets, bathroom 

equipment, shower baths, plumber's brass goods, 

valves, etc., while the heating section shows boilers, 

radiators and gives prices on a line of materials 

including gas water heaters. 

IN SELECTING THE NAME PRES-O-P'LEX for its metal 

to metal closet floor flange, the Cosgrove Mfg. Co., 

Rutherford, N. J., offers a solution of a tight connection 

between the drainage svstem and the new 

Pres-O-Plex 

Metal Closet 

Floor Flange 

short outlet horn closet. As may be seen from studying 

the illustration it includes a metal band securely 

fastened to the outlet horn of the closet and for the 

seating of this band tightly into the flexible flange 

which can be soldered to a lead bend or arranged 

to screw into the fittings of a Durham system or to 

to be calked to a cast iron pipe drainage system. 

Then the closet can be bolted securely by means of 

a brass flange thus drawing the twc parts together 

making a water- and air-tight connection. It simplifies 

the matter of replacement and insures 

against leakage at this vulnerable point of the drainage 

system in common use. 

Plumbers Lead Work Guide 

Something new for the plumbing trade is the most 

complete and convenient arrangement of data on 

plumbers' lead goods which has just been compiled 

and issued by the Eagle-Picher Lead Co., Chicago. 

This little reference book is of convenient pocket size, 

and contains much valuable information which will 

help the plumber estimate wherever lead goods is 

used. The introduction tells of Eagle traps and 

bends, giving details of their manufacture, and has 

very many and attractive illustrations of special antisiphon, 

bath and drum traps, roof flanges, lead pipe, 

sheet lead, solder and white lead, and gives tables of 

sizes and prices. Other important information gives 

wire gauges in parts of an inch, decimal equivalents, 

rules for measuring area and contents, weights and 

other helpful hints. 

Sheet Metal Industry 

THE CAMBRIDGE METAL BARREL CO., Cambridge, 

Mass., has been incorporated with a capital stock 

of $10,000. The directors are: president, Edmund 

T. Flynn, 17 Clinton Street, Cambridge, who is also 

treasurer of the company; clerk, Louis Robinson; 

assistant, F. R. Mullin. 

THE CENTRAL CORNICE & SKYLIGHT WORKS, 909 

Springfield Avenue, Irvington, N. J., have filed notice 

of organization to manufacture sheet metal 

nroducts. John Brisco, 67 Ball Street, heads the 

-•>ny. v 

IN THE LITERATURE ISSUED by Bird & Son, Inc., 

East Walpole, Mass., in reference to the Art Craft 

roof, some is especially adapted to the requirements 

of the roofer and can be used by him in his 

canvass for trade. It is pointed out that the Art 

Craft roof is in roll roofing form but when once 

on the building it has all the appearance of a 

shingle roof and can be used over an old roof 

of almost any character with a certainty of making 

it weatherproof and serviceable. 

A BULLETIN from Philip H. Lenderking, Linwood 

Avenue and Dillon Street, Baltimore, Md., gives a 

list of Kalamein stock doors ready for immediate 

order, with 5^4 in- trim, or 34 i n - round molding. 

He is also prepared to furnish tin clad firepoof 

doors and hardware. 

Furnace and Stove Trade 

THE UNION STOVE WORKS, 70 Beekman Street, 

New York, is one of the new members of the Merchants' 

Association of New York City and treasurer, 

William J. Myers, is the representative of the company 

in the membership. 

THE BUCK'S STOVE & RANGE Co., St. Louis, Mo., 

makers of furnaces, in pipe, semi-pipelcss and 

pipeless styles, ranges and heating stoves, is now 

planning additions to its line of furnaces which 

are to be ready for 1921. Series 1 will be made 

in 5 sizes; Series 2 and 3 each in 3 sizes. 

FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE the Modern Way Furnace 

Co., Fort Wayne, Ind., has issued a calendar entitled 

"Sweets to the Sweet," bearing colored picture 

of three small children. The boy is giving 

one of the girls an imaginary treat by offering her 

a lick of his candy stick, whereas it is stated to 

own a Modern Way is a real treat. The inside of 

the calendar discloses a sketch of the air circulation 

in a house heated by a pipeless furnace and 

three great ways to save money by such an installation 

are mentioned. 

THE STANDARD STOVE REPAIR CO., jobbers in stoves 

and repair parts for stoves, furnaces, steam and 

hot water heaters, has out grown its quarters at 

17-19 North Second Street, Philadelphia, Pa., and 

is now erecting a new three-story and basement 

building, 30l/2 x 204 ft., at 31-33 North Second 

Street. This building will have a floor space of 

20,000 sq. ft. and modern facilities for the prompt 

and systematic transaction of business. It is expected 

to be ready for occupancy on or about Aug. 

1 and then the company will be in a position to 

extend the scope of its enterprise and handle an 

increased volume of general trade. 

THE FIRST ISSUE OF A PAMPHLET entitled "Not All 

Hot Air," was recently published by the Matt 

Sproul Co., Sparta, UL, dealing in heating and 

plumbing goods and farm machinery. It presents 

in an attractive way the features of the Weir furnaces, 

Cole ranges and the other goods handled by 

the company and is interspersed with clever witty 

comments. In conclusion the present personnel of 

the business, which was established in 1867 is 

listed and in its fifty-odd years of experience is 

summanged as including 22 years with furnaces 29 

years in plumbing, and 30 years with stoves 'and 

ranges.


EUGENE WHERZ, 88 Van Dyke Street, Brooklyn, N. 

Y., who has made a specialty of building enameling 

plants for different purposes, has recently issued 

a booklet showing some of the plants that have been 

erected as the result of consultation with him and 

securing his plans and specifications. 

How THE U. S. GRAIN CORPORATION handled entire 

•wheat supply of this country during past year with 

only one disastrous explosion in a grain elevator 

where its stocks were stored and an actual loss limited 

to $25,000 is told in a 28-page booklet issued 

on grain dust explosion prevention campaign which 

has just been concluded under direction of corporation 

by experts of Bureau of Chemistry, Department 

of Agriculture. 

THE CHARACTER OF SERVICE given by the Eddy system 

of installing steam heating plants is outlined 

in a letter stating that after six years' service in 

the Walnut Creek Bank, it is still highly satisfactory. 

Tbe Eddy Engineering Co., Alpena, Mich., 

is bringing this to the attention of heating contractors 

at this time of the year as a suggestion in the 

form of a desk blotter which will be used frequently 

and keep the idea of the Eddy system of heating in 

mind. 

Death of Arthur C. Walworth 

Arthur C. Walworth, formerly president of the 

Walworth, English, Flett Co., 100 Pearl Street, Boston, 

Mass., died at his home, 531 Center Street, New 

ton Center, Mass., on June 23, aged 76 years. He 

was born in Boston in 1844, the son of James Walworth, 

who founded the Walworth Co. The elder 

Walworth became the head of Walworth, English, 

Flett Co., the original business being established 

in 1842. He graduated from the Boston Latin school 

and took his A.M. and A.B. degrees at Yale. In 

1887 he became president of the company founded 

by his father. He was active in politics, serving in 

the Massachusetts Legislature for two terms. He 

was a member of the American Society of Mechanical 

Engineers, ex-President of the Yale Club of Boston, 

member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon, Exchange Club, 

Brae Burn Country Club and other organizations. 

He leaves a wife, four sons and two daughters. 

Funeral services were held Saturday, June 26, at 

his late residence. 

Obituary 

PETER E. CARRIGAN, 60 years, 4 Eliot Street, Somerville, 

Mass., and for many years engaged in the 

plumbing and heating business, died on June 10 

after a brief illness. He was born in Keene, N. H., 

and until he was 30 years of age played professional 

baseball, and was said to be the first pitcher 

to show control of a ball and to be able to curve it 

in or out. Retiring from baseball, he opened a 

plumbing business and had carried this on for some 

30 years in Somerville. He was a member of the 

Elks and leaves a wife and two sons, both of whom 

are prominent athletes. Services were held at St. 

Catherine's Church, June 12. 

Trade Report and Market Summary 

Market Summary 

facturers and the Amalgamated Association and a 

shutdown of theplants averted. 

Black and Oalvanized Sheets-Vemand holds up and receipts 

only sufficient to meet regular requirements. 

The failure of the coke supply to be maintained 

Tin Plate—Good demand and increased production. has necessitated a number of blast furnaces shutting 

Tin— Little activity. 

down and a continuance of the shortage of freight 

Copper— Better demand. Prices unchanged. 

cars will seriously cripple the trade. The diverting 

Lead—Quiet and prices firm. 

of open top cars to the coal trade has considerably 

Zinc—Conditions remain the same. 

affected shipments of pig iron and movement to some 

Antimony—No activity. 

Foundry Pig Iron-Few inquiries and delivery uncertain. 

Production curtailed. 

Foundry C.fce-Shipments curtailed. Price up on spot 

territories has ceased entirely. 

In the plumbing and heating trades there seems 

to be a marking of time in price though pig iron 

tonnage. Output decreased. 

prices are stronger and the slight recession in copper 

Linseed Oil—Demand fair; prices lower. 

is not reflected. On July 1, one concern marked up 

Spirit* of Turpentine—Quiet; low prices. 

radiator prices. In the stove and heater trade prices 

are stronger. 

TRANSPORTATION SITUATION 

STILL BAD 

Foundry Pig Iron 

JTT In the steel industry work operations during 

New T-rfc.-Inquiry for foundry iron is in small volume 

*D the past week have continued at a good rate 

The railroad situation continues very bad, especially as to 

with further accumulations of unshipped, finished 

JehveTy of coke and a number of furnaces are either blown 

products due to no relief in the transportation out or expecting to blow out this week on account of 

entanglements. 

? 

w.itv to ret coke As high as $18 for furnace coke 

At this writing it is considered likely that an and .1. or"foundry coke hfs been paid for immediate 

aareement regarding the future mill wage scale will delivery by plants which were in imminent danger of 

he reached between the sheet and tin plate manu being compelled to cease operations.

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 2, 1920 

We quote for delivery in New York as follows: 

East. Pa.. No. 1 fdy., sil. 2.75 to 3.25.$50.05 to $51.05 

East. Pa., No. 2X fdy., sil. 2.25 to 2.75 49.05 to 50.05 

East. Pa., No. 2 fdy.. sil. 1.75 to 2.25 47.SO to 48.SO 

Buffalo, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 47.90 to 48.90 

No. 2 X Virginia, sil. 2.25 to 2.75. . . . 49.60 

Chicago.—Outside of a few good-sized inquiries and 

orders, the market .remains rather quiet. There continues 

to be a fair amount of spot business. Foundry coke is 

scarce and high. Molders' helpers who were in strike in 

local jobbing foundries have returned to work without 

achieving tlieir demands. 

The following - quotations are for iron delivered, at 

consumers 1 yards except those for Northern foundry, and 

steel-making iron which are f.o.b, furnace and do not 

include a switching charge averaging 50c. per tun. 

Northern coke. No. 1, sil. 2.25 to 

2.75, last 'half 45.25 

Northern coke, No. 1, spot 47.25 

Northern coke foundry, No. 2. sil. 

1.75 to 2.25 last half 43.00 

Northern coke. No. 2, spot 45.00 

Northern high phos. foundry, last 

half 43.00 

Southern coke No. 1 foundry and 

No. 1 soft sil. 2.75 to 3.25 50.20 

Southern coke No. 2 foundrv sil. 

2.25 to 2.75 48.70 

Philadelphia.—The pig iron market, which has been in 

a somewhat lethargic condition for weeks, was in a state 

approaching excitement this week because of the sudden 

demand for basic iron from several eastern consumers. 

There is a little better inquiry for foundry iron, several 

consumers who are not fully covered for last half having 

come into the market in the last week. The inquiries are 

small, however, mostly of a few hundred tons each. Foundry 

iron prices are firm. Eastern blast furnaces are short 

of coke and a number are banked. (JIher furnaces are 

likely to be banked at any time if the coke shortage becomes 

more serious. 

The following quotation are for iron delivered in consumers' 

yards in Philadelphia or vicinity, except those for 

low phosphorus iron, which are f.o.b. furnace: 

East. Pa., No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 

sil $45.90 to $4S. 10 

East. Pa., No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil. . 47.15 to 49.35 

Virginia No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil. 48.10 to 49.10 

Virginia No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil. . . . 49.35 to 50.35 

Cineinnati.—The recent activity was not mantained during 

the week, and dullness again characterized the market. 

Very few inquiries are being received and these only for 

small tonnages for prompt shipment. The Interstate Commerce 

Commission's ruling regarding the use of open top 

cars for coal purposes only will have a serious effect on 

the shipment of pig iron, and one southern Ohio interest 

has notified its customers that deliveries in contracts wilt 

necessarily be delayed. 

Based on freight rates of $3.60 from Birmingham and 

$1.80 from Ironton, we quote f.o.b. Cincinnati: 

Southern coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (base 

price) $45.60 

Southern coke, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 (No. 

2 soft) .. 46.85 

Ohio silvery, 8 per cent sil 59.SO 

Southern Ohio coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 

(No. 2) 46.80 

Cleveland.—A late order of the Interstate Commerce 

Commission diverting cars to the coal trade is checking 

pig iron shipments and may compel consumers in some 

sections to shut down their plants. Under the order pig 

iron can be shipped in gondola cars only in case the destination 

is in the general direction of the coal mines. The 

order does not cover low sided gondola cars, the supply of 

which is limited, and box cars which furnaces will not use 

for pig iron, as they will require loading by hand. The 

order will affect particularlv shipments to Michigan and 

northern Indiana. It will also stop some shipments from 

Cleveland to Chicago territory. Cleveland furnaces have 

asked for a ruling as to whether they will be permitted to 

use gondola cars for local shipments. 

We quote delivered Cleveland as follows, based on 

40c switching charge for local iron, a $1.40 freight rate 

from Valley points, and $5 from Birmingham: 

Northern, No. 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25.$44.40 to $45.40 

Northern, No. 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25.$44.00 to $45.40 

Southern foundry, sil. 2.25 to 2.75.. 48.70 

Ohio silvery, sil. 8 per cent 58.90 to 60.40 

Old Materials 

Scrap Iron, Aeui York.—Many factors continue to depress 

the scrap market and prices have again fallen oflf 50e 

on several grades. The ruling that open-top cars are to 

be used for coal only will make difficult the shipment of 

scrap. 

Prices which dealers in New York and Brooklyn are 

quoting to local foundries, per gross ton: 

No. 1 machinery cast $3S.00 to $39.00 

No. 1 heavy cast (columns, building 

materials, etc.), cupola size 37.00 to 38.00 

No. 1 heavy cast, not cupola size. . . 30.00 to 31.00 

No. 2 cast (radiators, cast boilers, 

etc.) 31.00 to 32.00 

Iron and steel pipe (1 in. min. 

diam., not under 2 ft. long) IS.00 to 18.50 

Stove plate 24.00 to 24.50 

Scrap Iron, Chicago—The market is slowly gaining in 

strength and activity. Further shipments of scrap may be 

seriously interfered with by the new regulations requiring 

that gondola cars be loaded in the direction of the coal 

mines only. Despite the prospect of difficulty on this account, 

some dealers anticipate higher prices and are covering 

accordingly. 

We quote delivery in consumers' yards, Chicago and 

vicinity, all freight and transfer charges paid, as follows: 

Per Net Ton. 

No. 1 cast $36.00 to $37.00 

Boiler punchings 24.50 to 25.00 

Locomotive tires, smooth 22.50 to 23.00 

Machine shop turnings 9.00 to 9.50 

Cast borings 12.00 to 12.50 


Grate bars 27.50 to 2S.00 

Brake shoes 24.00 to 24.50 

Railroad malleable 26.00 to 26.50 

Agricultural malleable 25.00 to 25.50 

Country mixed 15.50 to 16.50 

Scrap Iron, Pittsburgh—The recent order of the Interstate 

Commerce Commission sending all open-top railroad 

equipment to the coal mines is exerting a restrictive effect 

upon the movement of scrap iron and steel in contracts and 

is creating a demand for material already loaded on cars 

for which cars are available that has resulted in somewhat 

higher prices than recently prevailed on what might be 

classified as spot or prompt tonnages. Marked strength 

prevails in all kinds of cast scrap, demands for which 

considerably exceed the offerings. 

Cast iron wheels $43.00 to $44.00 

Rolled steel wheels 29.00 to 30.00 


Sheet bar crop ends (at origin) 30.00 to 31.00 

Heavy steel axle turnings 22.00 to 23 00 

Heavy breakable cast 33.00 to 34.00 

Cast iron borings 18 00 to 19 00 

No. 1 railroad wrought 31.00 to 32 00 

Old Metals, New York—There has been a little better 

feeling m the market this week, and values have been 

slightly firmer. Dealers' buying prices are as follows: 

Copper, heavy and crucible 16 00 

Copper, heavy and wire ' ' 15 00 

Copper, light and bottoms 13'00 

Brassheavy ] ^ 

Brass, light 7 og 

Heavy machine composition ] 15'25 

No. 1 yellow brass turnings 9'50 

No. 1 red brass or composition turning 12 25 

Lead, heavy ' 

^ ead ' tea 5.00 

ZlnC 5.25


THE GENIE OF 

THE BOTTLE 

LIKE the Genie from the "Arabian Nights", 

Prest-O-Lite is a wonderful force confined 

in a small cylinder. 

It is subject to the command of its master'— 

the trained welder and cutter. Under his direction 

it performs feats of wonder—anywhere, at 

any time. 

In the subway builder's excavation, in the 

floating dry dock, in fact any place—any time 

where welding and cutting metals are required, 

the ready portability of Prest-O-Lite is an asset 

of genuine worth. 

Ask us about the service plan of the Univer 

sal Gas with the Universal Service. 

THE PREST-O-LITE COMPANY, Inc. 

General Offices: 30 East -12nd Street, New York, N. Y. 

Kohl Building, San Francisco 

In Canada—Prest-O-Lite Co. of Canada, Limited, Toronto 

Please quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER when writing to advertisers 

PW-509


Old Metals, Chicago—The market is quiet with decline Old Rubber—Inquiry in the old rubber market is still 

in red brass, lead pipe and tin foil. 

absent. Prices are lower. Shipping conditions are reported 

Cts. per lb. in bad shape. 

Red, brass 13.25 

Cts. per lb. 

Yellow brass, heavy 9.00 

Boots and shoes 6% to 6% 

Yellow brass, borings 10.00 

Trimmed arctics 5 to 5 % 

Heavy wire 15.50 

Auto tires 2y2to 2% 

Heavy copper 15.50 

Bicycle tires l%to 1% 

Copper clips 13.25 

Solid tires 2 to 2 % 

Copper bottoms 11.25 

No. 1 inner tubes 12 to 13 

Lead pipe 6.00 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4% 

Tea lead 3.00 

Mixed red scrap 3 % to 4 

Tin foil 30.00 

Mixed black scrap 1 % to 2 

Block tin pipe 40.00 

Cotton fire hose % to 1% 

Zinc 4.25 

Garden hose 9_ to 1 

Pewter, No. 1 26.00 Old Rags—The tone of the old rags market is easier and 

Old Metals, Boston—The demand for old metals con 

inquiry lighter. Wholesale dealers' prices are: 

tinues with but little change from last week, with a 

No. 1 whites $12.00 to $12.60 

stronger undercurrent noticeable. Lead and aluminum show 

No. 2 whites. 5.75 to 6.00 

some improvement. Dealers are nominally paying as fol 

Thirds and blues 3.75 to 4.00 

lows: 

Straight garments 2.75 to 2.85 

Heavy crucible copper $15.75 to $16.25 

Hard back carpets 2.55 to 2.66 

Heavy scrap copper 15.00 to 15.50 

Soft back carpets 4.25 to 4.50 

Light copper 13.60 to 14.00 

Paper Stock—There is a slackening in demand in the 

Heavy mch. comp. red brass 15.75 to 16.25 

paper stock market and the tone is somewhat easier. Whole 

Comp. turnings No. 1 14.00 to 14.50 

sale dealers' buying quotations for New York are: 

Heavy brass 10.00 to 10.50 

Over issue magazines $3.35 to $3.45 

Light brass 7.50 to 8.00 

Crumpled news 1.75 to 1.85 

Sheets and Metals 

Brass turnings No. 1 rod 9.75 to 10.25 

Lead, solid 6.75 to 7.25 

New York, July 2, 1920 

Zinc 5.25 to 6.75 Black and Oalvanized Sheets—Shipments are again be 

Pewter No. 1 40.00 to 42.00 coming irregular and consumers' demands have not de 

Clean cast aluminum 24.50 to 26.00 creased. 

New aluminum clippings 25.00 to 26.00 

BURT 

VENTILATORS 

Mean satisfied customers and liberal profits for 

you. The Burt Ventilator line is both comprehensive 

and modern in every particular. It enables 

you to meet every problem connected with 

the proper ventilation of any building. 

Customers prefer the Burt to any other ventilator 

because the Burt draws out all impure air, gas 

and smoke without operation expense. 

The Burt line will enhance your prestige as well 

as increase the profits of your business. 

Our 128-page catalog Is mailed on request. 

Write for it today. 

The Burt Manufacturing Co. 

300 MAIN STREB7T AKRON, OHIO 

Geo. W. Reed & Co., Montreal, Sole Manufacturer 

of Burt Ventilators in Canada. 

Please quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER when writing to advertisers

JULY 2. 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 25 

Tin Plate—Plant operations have been cosiderably increased 

and with the withdrawal of preferential ruling regarding 

tin can consumers the demand has improved. 

Copper—There has been a better demand by consumers 

for forward delivery and producers continue firm in their 

quotations. 

Tin—The market has been very dull with consumers 

showing little desire to buy, and most transactions have 

been confined to dealers who found few sellers willing to 

part with their holdings. 

Lead—Buyers seem comfortably supplied and since producers 

are catching up in production only very slowly they 

are not pressing the market. 

Zinc—There continues to be little demand and conditions 

are unchanged from those of the past few weeks. 

Antimony—The market is extremely quiet and practically 

inactive. 

Tin Plate, Pittsburgh—Preferential treatment granted 

manufacturers in the matter of car supplies for the shipment 

of material for perishable food containers by the 

Interstate Commerce Commission expired yesterday, and 

although an effort was made to have the priority renewed, 

a hearing held in Washington yesterday brought out that 

the accumulation of stocks was reduced from 2,500,000 

boxes to 800,000 boxes. Because of this development, the 

Interstate Commerce Commission believed that the perishable 

food can manufacturers had been well cared for and 

consequently declined to extend the priority. The commission, 

however, decided to continue to give car preference 

to the can companies for movement of tin cans. Not much 

change is noted in the tin plate situation other than that 

as a result of the sharp reduction in warehouse stocks, 

plant operations are on a considerably heavier scale than 

they have been recently. Several of the independent companies 

are running fuU, and the industry as a whole is 

averaging close to 70 per cent of capacity. Although 

this is normally the quiet season in tin plate, a good many 

demands are coming out, and business is restricted only 

because of lack of supplies. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh—Although sheet mill operations are. 

maintained at a comparatively high rate, much production 

is being piled, due to the acute shortage of cars. The 

American Sheet & Tin Plate Co. has no less than 32,000 

tons piled up awaiting shipment, and the position of the 

independents in this respect is little, if any better. The 

market has a quiet appearance, not that the demands are 

any less urgent or numerous, but because makers are well 

committed over the remainder of the year and are not 

eager for fresh obligations. In the case of the mills operating 

uder the agreement of the Amalgamated Association 

of Iron, Steel and Tin Workers, the disposition to 

decline business is rather marked, pending the result of 

the conference being held at Columbus, Ohio, on the wage 

scale question. This conference is expected to result in a 

settlement, as it is believed that since the ending of the 

Atlantic City conferece there has been considerable modification 

of the ideas on both sides. Illustrative of the 

great scarcity of cars, it might be stated that on Monday 

the Vandergrift Works of the American Sheet & Tin Plate 

Co. did not have a car. 

Notes on Prices 

Linseed Oil—The linseed oil market reports a fair demand 

for small lots. Prices are lower. In lots of 5 bbl. 

and over, city raw American seed is quoted at ,1.55 to 

$1 65 and out-of-town raw American seed is $1.55 to $1.63. 

In' lots of less than 5 bbl. 5c. more per gallon is asked. 

Boiled oil brings lc. more per gallon than raw oil. 

Svirits of Turpentine—The activity of spirits of turpentine 

market is slackening and prices are reduced In 

machine barrels in yard, the wholesale price is quoted at 

$1.69. 

A3S9UC 

PLUMBING ^ 

FIXTURES , ^ 

A Big Chance to Secure 

Profitable Contracts! 

Plumbing contractors everywhere are finding a new, expanding 

opportunity to increase profits by recommending, selling and 

installing the Watrous Gravity Liquid Soap System. Industrial 

plants of all kinds, Factories, Railway Depots, Hospitals. 

Public Buildings, etc., are adopting this improved method of 

dispensing soap. 

The one large central container, easily refiled, is far more 

economical and more convenient in 

Gravity 

operation 

Liquid 

than 

Soap 

the ordiSy»nary 

wasteful method of an individual 

tem 

container 

is a new 

for 

addition 

every 

to 

bowl. 

the 

No moving parts to The 

line of the celebrated Wat 

Watrous System to get out 

rous Sanitary Plumbing 

of order. Operates wholly 

Equipment, 

by gravity. The simple 

distinquished 

valve in the 

as represent 

dispenser regu 

ing the most 

lates an even, 

advanced 

non-wasting 

ideas in 

supply of 

sanitary 

soap. A 

plumbing 

plumber's 

science. The 

services are 

Watrous 

required to 

Line also in 

install the contract for 

cludes Watrous 

System. The Watrous 

Duojet Closets, 

Therefore, 

Free Information on Request Self-Closing 

every sale 

Cocks, Uri 

you The make Imperial Brass nals, Mfg. Drinking Co. Fountains 

will carry 

and up-to-date Specialties. 

with 1223 it W. a Harrison St. Chicago, HI. 

installation 

jRosin—Demand in the rosin market is quiet. Local stocks 

are improving and prices have declined. On the basis of 

380 lb. to the barrel, the wholesale price of common-togood 

strained is $13. Grade D is $17.25. 

Iron and Steel Pipe—Acuteness of the supply situation is 

unrelieved and, in fact, even more pronounced this week 

than it has been previously, due to the fact that makers are 

feeling acutely the shortage of cars. In the Youngstown 

district makers are able to ship only a small fraction of 

production, as is illustrated in the case of the Republic 

Iron & Steel Co., which has five of its six pipe furnaces in 

operation, but is laying down on the average of about 500 

tons per day for which shipping facilities are not available. 

The National Tube Co. is managing to keep its plants 

going, but there are partial interruptions lrom time to time. 

This company is allotting its shipments in the effort to 

give all customers some supplies. 

Foundry Coke—The market maintains a strongly upward 

tendency on spot tonnages of both furnace and foundry 

coke, especially the former, sales of which have been done 

in the past few days at $18 per net ton at oven. Consumers 

report several offers of furnace eoke at $17. Spot 

tonnages of foundry coke are commanding from $17 to 

$18 and in both furnace and foundry coke for last halt 

shipment prices are at a considerable discount from the 

spot market. Practically all consumers of foundry coke 

have concluded negotiations for last half supplies, and such 

business is taken to range from $10 to $13 per net ton at 

oven Output of coke in the Upper and Lower Connellsville'region 

for the week ending June 19 was 178,730 tons, 

a decrease from the previous week of 6,500 tons.

26 

CAUTION: Estimates on bids 

should be basetl only on quotations 

guaranteed for a specified 

time by supply houses 

while unusual market conditions 

with wide changes in 

price continue. 

ALUMINUM- 

NO. 1 aluminum guaranteed over 

99% pure, in ingots for re 


Current Market in New York 

JULY 2 1920 

The quotations given below are for small lots, as sold from stores in New 

York City by merchants carrying stocks. c,iffieientlv heavv 

As there are many consumers whose requirements are not sufliciently heavy 

to warrant their placing orders with manufacturers for shipment in carload 

n mills, these prices are given for their convenience 

lots from 

number of articles the base price only is given, it being impracticable 

On a 

to name every size. 

melting, 100-lb. lots—37 to 39c 

ANTIMONY— 

Chinese and Japanese, per lb. 

10c to 12c 

BRASS, ROLL AND SHEET- 

Base price Nominal 

%?T TK W $4.00 to $4.50 

CONDUCTORS— 

Corrugated- 

Round or Square— 

Galvanized steel Tiff 

Toncan or ingot 15% 

Copper 

15 vo 

Spiral Lock Seam Pipe— 

Galvanized 

20 5 in 3.50 3.35 2.50 ROSIN- 

SOLDER— 

5J_ in 3.95 3.85 2.75 Common to good strained (whole- y'. to YL guaranteed 37_;C 

6 in 4.10 3.90 3.25 sale), 80 lbs., per lb. .. ...$13.00 No. 1 34}£t 

7 in 5.50 5.25 SHEETS— 

Refined 30c 

Prices of Solder indicated by 

ELBOW AND SHOES— 

Blue Annealed 

Galvanized Steel- 

Cents per lb. 

private brands vary according to 

Plain Round and Corrugated- No. per lb. 

6.50-8.00 

composition. 

All sizes'up to 6 in 50% No. per lb. 

6.55-8.05 

SOLDERING FLUXES— 

Square- 

No. per lb. 

6.60-8.10 

Vaeger's Salts: 

Square 40% No. per lb. 

6.70-8.20 

lib. cans, each 60 

Black- 

One Pass. C. R. 5-lb. cans, each $3.00 

Copper- 

Soft-Steel A. S. P. Fluid: 

All sizes Net List No. 18 to 20, per lb 7.80- 9.80 Gallon $1.25 

Furnace Pipe and Fittings- No. 22 to 24, per lb 7.85- 9.85 12-gal. Carboy 90c per gallon 

Standard list 25% No. 26, per lb 7.90- 9.90 (Jug and carboy extra) 

LEAD— 

No. 27, per lb 7.95- 9.95 Callahan s Non-Corrosive, per 

American Pig, per ib. ..10>_c to lie No. 28, per lb 8.00-10.00 gal $1.75 

Bar, per lb 11 J-Sc to 12c No. 29, per lb 8.05-10.05 SOLDERING COPPERS— 

METAL LATH— 

No. 30, per lb .8.25-10.25 Per lb. in 300-lb. lots 50c 

vo Under 100 sq. yd. per sq. yd. 40c No. 28 and lighter, 36 wide, In 100 to 300-lb. lots advance 2c 

..Spiral Riveted— 

PAINTS, OILS, ETC.— 

10c higher per lb. 

Galvanized On application Leads- 

Wellsville Polished— 

In lots of less than 100 lbs., ad 

(See also Elbows and Shoes; Lead, American White, in Oil, 20 gauge 11.10c vance 4c per lb. 

Eaves Trough Mitres; Strainers, kegs less than 500 ibs., 15J_c 22 and 24 gauge 11.20c STRAINERS, CONDUCTOR— 

Conductor.) 

Lead, White, in Oil, 25-lb. tin pails; 26 gauge 11.30c 

2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 

CONDUCTORS, STRAINERS— add to keg price 14c 

Nos. 28 gauge 12 

11.50c Copper $2.80 $375 $5.75 $9.00 dz. 

(See Strainers, Conductor.) Lead, Red, in Oil, less than 500 lbs., Galvanized— 

No. 16 

Galv 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 dz. 

COPPER— 

15c 

Nos. 18 

Cents per lb TIN PIGS AND BARS— 

Lake ingot 21^_-22^_c Dry Colors- 

Nos. 22 and 14 9.10-10.60 Straits, pigs per lb 52c 

Electrolytic 21-22c Red Venetian, American, 

No. 26 

9.25-10.75 Straits, in bars, per lb 57c to 62c 

Casting 20-21c 

Per 100 bs., 2}_ to 5c 

No. 27 and 20 9.40-10.90 TIN PLATES—AMERICAN 

COPPER SHEETS 

Metallic Paints- 

No. 28 24 9.25-11.05 ..Charcoal Plates—Bright— 

Hot Rolled, 24-oz. base price, per Brown, per ton $32.00 to $36.00 

No. 

9.70-11.20 N. B.— The price of 14 x 20 

lb., 29J_c mill. 

Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 

No. 

9.85-11.35 "AAA" Charcoal Melyn Grade: 

From stock 31c to 33c in 100 lb. lots Oils- 

10.00-11.50 IC, 14 x 20 $16.50 

and over. 

Linseed, City Raw $1.55 to $1.65 30 10.50-12.50 IX, 14 x 20 18.75 

For less than 100-lb. lots, 2c per 48 in. lb. Linseed, Boiled, advance, per 28 and lighter, 36 in. wide, IXX, 14 x 20 20.50 

advance. 

to gal lc 

20c higher IXXX, 14 x 20 22.25 

Cold Rolled, 2c 14 and heavier 96 in. Out of Town American Seed Corrugated Roofing—Galvanized— IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 

10 per lb. advance over hot sq. rolled. ft. at $1.55 to $1.65 2\i in. corrugations, 30c per 100 "A"Charcoal Allaways Grade: 

10 Polished— in. 

48 in. 7c Spirits Turpentine- 

lbs. over flat sheets. 

IC, 14 x 20 $14.25 

long 6c In Machine Bbl $1.69 Corrugated Roofing—Painted- 

IX, 14 x 20 16.25 

Over 36 in. wide and 8c 9c PUTTY— 

Prices quoted on application. 

IXX, 14 x 20 18.00 

Planished, lj_c per sq. less ft. more 24 than Pure tubs, 120 lbs 4.50c 2'_-in. Corrugation 

Polished. 

.38c 

IXXX, 14 x 20 19.75 

sq. ft. 

In 1-lb. to 5-lb tins, 6.00 to 7.35c No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 21.50 

Bottom, ide Pitts and and under Flats, 6c 

REGISTERS— 

No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

Coke Plates, Brightbase 

to and 36 in. heavier, wide... per 5c lb Over Cast Iron 10% No. 26, pr 100 sq. ft. 

Prime, 14 x 20 in.: 

Tinning— 96 in. 96 in. Semi-Steel or Steel, in Black for No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

80-lb $11.80 

long sq. ft. White Japan or Electro plate SLATE No. 1 Bang. ROOFING— Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 90-lb 11.90 

and 6c and Small Faces and Borders 20% Pen F. O. Argyl B. cars, Quarry 7.75 Station. to 8.25 100-lb 12.00 

less 7c Wall Frames 20% Peach Bottom 10.50 Per Square to 12.50 IC 13.25 

sq. ft. 8c Large Faced, 14 x 14 in. and No. 1 Chapman According 7.75 to 8.75 IX 13.25 

20 in. wide and under 5c 2S% larger 40% Vermont— Pennsylvania— to size IXX 14.25 

Over 20 in. to 48 in. wide 6c .40% Base Board Registers 20% No. Best 1 Bangor Sea Green $5.00 to $8.00 $8.50 to $11.00 IXXX '15.25 

Over 48 in. wide 7c 

Base Board Intakes 20% Unfading Green 6.50 to 13.50 IXXXX 16.25 

EAVES TROUGH— 

White Enameled Goods 5% Red 22.00 

Galvanized—Toncan or ingot, Solid Brass or Bronze Goods, ex Maine- 

Terne Plate- 

Small lots, 8-lb Coating: 

Galvanized steel 

cept Grilles Net Brownsville, Unfading Black, 

Copper No. 15% 3 

100-lb., 14 x 20 $9.35 

Grilles in Black and White Japan No. 1 

.$14.00 

EAVES TROUGH MITERS— $2.30 or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain Slatters felt, 

30-lb. roll. 

IC, 14 x 20 9.50 

2.00 

Lap or Slip Point, 10% above list. 2.40 Lattice, Design. Smaller than 

40-lb. roll. 

IX, 14 x 20 10.50 

2.25 

IC, 14 x 20 Stamped and Re 

CHARCOAL STOVE PIPE 

14 x 14 in., 

squared: 

ELBOWS- 

Prices on application 

12-lb. Coating $11.50 

NO. 1 No. 2 

Less than 14 x 14 in., 

Walter's 

4 in $3.30 $3.10 

Prices and on application Cooper's Metal Shingles 15-lb. Coating 11.75 

20-lb. Coating 12.25 

H'/i in 3.40 3.15 

ROOFING MATERIAL— 


1-Ply Tarred Paper, per ton, 

The 


$102.00 

M. F. Grade The 13.50 

per roll, 108 sq. ft. 

Shingles 

40-lb Coating 15.00 

2-Ply Tarred Paper $1.60 

Shingles 

WASTE COTTON— 

That Last 

3-Ply Tarred Paper 2.00 

Per lb. 

Rosin Sized Sheathing, 

That in 5-lb. Last bags 22c 

ZINC SHEETS— 


The Most Complete Western Slabs 10-llc 

Roofing Line Pitch, of Designs per ton $30.00 The Best Material, Workmanship and Finish 

Sheets No. 9 base casks 14"_c 

Made Open per in lb Painted Tin or Genuine 15c Re-dipped Q alvanized Tin 

Sold at the right price May we send you full-size samples and prices? 

National Sheet Metal Roofing Co. fh^ 

Grand Street 



FLORAL PARK, N. Y., JULY 9, 1920 

A 



Copyright 1920 by the Architectural 


Method of Development Including Allowance 

to Be Made When Heavy Metal Is Used. 


Patterns for Spiral Chute Around Cylinder 

Here is an opportunity too good to be lost to point out the valuable 

service that our readers are given. 

In our columns has been found the solution for problems which 

otherwise would be passed up as too expensive for many men and 

occupation for men in centers where it is greatly needed would cease 

because the work would go to shops which employ experts and can 

handle any character of work required of them. 

As the result of its assumption of the burden of the expense of 

affording instruction on intricate and unusual problems, METAL 

WORKER PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER has been the means of providing 

all over the country qualified men to serve the whole sheet 

metaf industry and extend its field. The request for aid on such a 

problem and the method of supplying is given in the article below. 

CORRESPONDENT writes: "I would like to 

ask assistance with a pattern problem which has 

given me much trouble . The problem is a 

round spiral chute or succession of elbows, to be 

made of No. 10 sheet steel, the chute to be 30 in. 

diameter, to fit snugly around a 16-inch pipe, as 

shown in Fig. 1. The chute must be smooth inside, 

so the seam line will be placed on top and follow the 

chute down spirally and form a continuous seam line 

from top to bottom." 

The sections of the chute should be made tapering 

so as to slip into each other without stretching. The 

sketch shown in Fig. 1 has been drawn from the 

correspondent's description. He does not show or 

mention the height of each revolution, which must 

be known before any elevation can be drawn, so it 

has been assumed to be 48 in. for each revolution. 

Before proceeding with the pattern, a plan and 

elevation must be drawn as shown in Fig. 2. First 

draw any horizontal line as A-B and using T as a 

center, describe a semi-circle representing the outside 

diameter of the 16 in. vertical cylinder. As the inside 

diameter of the chute is to be 30 in. and as No. 10 

steel is to be used which is 9-64 in. thick, to avoid a 

decimal, take J /s in. as its practical thickness, thus 

making the outside diameter of the chute 30J4 in- 

Therefore lav off 30^4 in. in the half plan, as shown, 

emi-circle C-P-D. 

As the correspondent required 12 sections in each 

revolution of the chute, then divide the outer semicircle 

C-P-D into two halves and five full divisions 

as shown by c-d-c-f-gAi, through which joints draw 

radial lines — to the apex T, extending them slightly 

over the outside of the outer semi-circle as shown. 

The quickest way to obtain these five whole and 

two half divisions is to first space the semi-circle 

into 6 parts, then bisect one of these parts and place 

a half part from C to c and D to h, then from C 

place 5 whole divisions as shown. Now from 

C and D erect vertical lines intersecting the extended 

miter lines T-e and TAi, at O and o. Take either 

distance c-o or h-o and set it off on each miter line 

as from d to o, e to o, f to o and g to o and draw 

the outlines from o to o, etc. In a similar manner 

parallel to the outlines o-o, etc., draw lines tangent 

to the 16 in. semi-circle as shown, two of the corners 

being marked a and b. Then C-P-D-J-S-H represents 

the one-half plan of the chute. 

Obtain the center line of the chute in plan, representing 

the top seam as follows: Bisect H-C and 

obtain I, from which joint erect a vertical line to 

intersect the first miter line at 2. Using T as center 

with T-.. as radius draw the semi-circle 1-8 intersecting 

the various miter lines at 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 and 

from 7 drop a perpendicular line to meet th^> center 

line A-B at 8.

30 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 9, 1920 

Present Use of Open Fires Too Expensive from Every 

Viewpoint and Something Cheaper Is Required 

New Method of Heating Needed in England 

Will the high cost of grates aud stoves in England 

lead to a ehange in principles of warming 

the home in that country? 

T H E open fire was the earliest method of warming 

the houses all over England and many people 

still consider it the best. But the present difficulty 

is the expense of fitting each compartment with 

a smoke flue and a fireplace and the furnishing of 

the fire opening with a grate. 

- All this seems such a small matter to the average 

householder but now that builders are at their wits' 

end to erect for the people houses which will bring 

a small return—yes, even pay their way—one begins 

to wonder if after all the building of the English 

home is not all wrong. 

Of course, the English people don't think that, 

but, with the ceaseless cry of the Ministry of Health 

for builders to show some enterprise in erecting small 

Englan 

American 

warm-air 

d is sure V getting 

methods for heat 

furnaces. 

ready to adopt 

"S homes with 

houses, it does seem strange that no cut has been 

made on such expensive items as the building of this 

flue and fireplace for every room and the cost of 

supplying stoves wliich at the present time are costly 

and frequently difficult to get. 

In adopting this American idea which would require 

fewer flues the first great saving would be in 

the thickness of the walls. At least the part of the 

wall where the chimney flue is built in ordinary cases 

would be much thinner. That would mean a saving 

not only in bricks but in labor and in many cases it 

would also mean more space in the apartment. 

In the Englishman's home, say with five apartments. 

It is quite the usual thing for these flues to be formed 

one on each side of the building, causing a high 

stalk to be raised where the flue penetrates the roof. 

I do not want you to think that I am against this 

chimney construction, not in the least, but what I 

want to make quite clear is the fact that England at 

the present time is in need of housing. The Government 

is making great efforts to have them put up in 

great numbers but it also saddled tlie local authorities 

with the building and the finding of the money. 

With tlie finding of the money comes the grim experience 

that tlie whole experiment is too costly. 

The result of that discovery is the Ministry of Health 

stepping in and saying, "You must cut the cost of 

your housing scheme." 

Now, I know that almost every detail in the construction 

of a house has been interfered with in most 

of the housing schemes for the sake of the first cost, 

except tlie warming of the house. The warming or 

the forming of the open fireplace in every room mav 

or may not be wrong but evidently there is not much 

sign of this outfit being shifted meantime. 

English people seem to be wedded to the system 

of open fires. And I should like to draw the attention 

of those people in the heating industry in your 

country to the fact that if they intend having a try 

at capturing a part of the grate and stove trade here 

they would do well to study what has led up to the 

English fire before they even think of attempting to 

Americanize it. 

There is no doubt but there is a fine market for 

grates, but the bulk is for small registers and after all 

the most demand is for those designs which have 

as little iron as possible in view when the grate is 

in position. These grates should be made with an 

ashpit which may be entirely closed for slow combustion 

or opened to any extent desired by simply moving 

forward the economizer. They should have their 

vertical bars and the firebrick backs, with the back 

slits kept well forward. 

It is extremely important to keep all ironwork 

well away from the fire and some firms previous to 

1914 had gone so far as to make the grating itself 

of fire-clay with slits. 

Coal and wood stoves are not much used in the 

class of houses wliich are being built at the present 

time. What tlie English housewife wants for cooking 

is a good range. She must have something which 

may be easily converted from an open to a shut 

fire. 

The range must possess the usual oven hot plate 

pan holes, top and bottom flue to the ovens with 

dampers so arranged that either the top and bottom 

heat or even both may be shut off. 

The gas stove both for warming and cooking is 

very much in favor all over England. Gas fires & are 

now being fitted into many of the coal register 

grates for it seems such a simple matter to remove 

America has solved the probl 3m of heat- 

ing h omes and her methods would grow in 

favor abroad i f thoroughlv ad\ ocated and 

tried out. 

the eoal from an ordinary fire grate, attach a sAall 

casting with the number of holes and an atmospheric 

burner and fill the grate with asbestos balls. 

The English people have found out, however, that 

this is probably the most expensive method of using 

gas for heating purposes. The grate is not desio-neS

July 9, 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 31 

for the purpose and is much too deep to give the 

best results. 

Special gas stoves are now made in a great number 

of patterns and, where the greatest possible amount of 

The right propaganda about furnace heating 

would develop trade in Great Britain. 

radiant heat is desired with the appearance of the efficient than the open fire which seemed doomed to 

open fire, the iron fretfront is mostly adopted. The remain a fixture in the English home. 

incandescent wall fire comes next in radiant power. 

Gas cookers are now a verv common feature of 

A Vital Question to the Furnace Industry 

People in England buy what they know 

about and would buy American furnaces 

if, like people from Missouri, they were 

shown. 

the English kitchen. Careful experiment has shown 

that with these cookers, although obtaining a much 

higher efficiency than coal, with the additional 

advantage of no surrounding heat, about four-fifths 

of the total heat generated is in the case of roasting 

uselessly dispersed. 

Warming and cooking by electricity is only in its 

infancy in this country. 

There are a few public buildings over England 

which are heated by hot or warmed air, but the introduction 

of the warm-air stove as the sole method of 

heating to the exclusion of the open fire will not in 

my opinion recommend itself to the average British 

householder. 

Right or wrong, we are so linked up to the system 

of open fires that their cheerful appearance would 

be greatly missed and would hardly be compensated 

by even an equal warmth all over any given compartment. 

Moreover, it would be difficult and in 

some cases practically impossible to apply such a 

system to an old house, although it might be easily 

arranged in the design of a new one. 

There can be no doubt but that the house constructed 

with the single flue would cost less than with 

our present method. 

The mere cost of the fuel burnt would also be less 

if a system of heating or warming by hot air were 

To leave out a few fireplaces and flues 

would save enough to pay for a furance out 

fit. 

applied instead of the usual system of open fireplaces 

but the difference in the cost of the fuel on the two 

systems seems to be insufficient to turn the scale in 

favor of the hot-air system. 

That, of course, is only one argument to which we 

add the cost of building the chimney head, the cost 

of building the flues, the forming of the fireplace and 

hearth and the purchasing and fitting of the grate. 

Against those latter items we have the cost of 

excavating and building an underground room for 

the heater, so possibly after all things are said and 

done, from an economical point there is not much to be 

said for either side. 

In many parts of the United States and Canada, 

I understand that the winters are more severe and 

the variation of temperature much greater than in 

the British Isles. In these cases it will be found 

absolutely necessary to resort to means of heat more 

The splendid service rendered the fields in which 

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER exerts 

a powerful influence for good is shown in extracts 

from two letters referring to the article "A Vital 

Question to the Furnace Industry," which appeared 

in the issue of May 21 and to which attention had 

been called. 

Prom the letter of William Henry Warren, president 

of the Fuller & Warren Co., Troy, N. Y., the 

following is taken: 

Now that you bring it to our attention we realize the 

importance and value of it, and would be glad if you could 

send us about a dozen copies We would like to send 

them to some of our furnace salesmen with a general letter 

on the subject. 

Of course, we are not asking for these free, and will 

be glad to remit promply for their cost. 

From the letter of A. N. Brayers, treasurer of Cooperative 

Foundry Co., Rochester, N. Y., the following 

is taken: 

We have read over carefully the reprint of the article 

published in the issue of May 21st. This somehow or 

other skipped our notice at that time 

We would like to obtain about twenty (30) reprints 

and if any charge would be glad to entertain same. There 

is no question that when some of the furnace contractors 

throughout the country read an article of this sort, there 

is bound to be a good effect derived from same. 

CO-OPERATIVE FOUNDRY CO. 

Of course the requests were granted in both instances 

and with our compliments. If you have not 

read the article, read it and see that your salesmen 

and customers read it. 

American Kitchen Utensils Win French Wives 

American kitchen utensils have come into favor 

with French housewives after a long struggle for 

popularity. Not yet reconciled to the loss of her 

age-old copper pots and pans, the Gallis menagere 

for a long time looked askance at the queer utensils 

which the American Red Cross supplied to thousands 

of families in the devastated districts. 

Her especial disfavor was visited on the queer 

contraption the Americans gave her for sifting flour 

to take the place of her beloved wooden hoop covered 

with horsehair. She could not believe that a siftet 

with a handle was simpler or quicker than rubbing the 

flour through the horsehair. 

A full "kitchen battery" formerly was the French 

bride's most prized gift. The "battery" to-day includes 

all the alunimum and tinware which make gay 

the advertising sections of our American household 

magazines. 

The French woman is firm in her belief that everything 

new under the sun comes from America, and the 

trick brooms, odd-shaped coffee pots, metal dishwashers, 

patent egg beaters and dishpans are at last 

winning her praises.

32 METALWORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 9, 1920 

Some Thoughts on the Labor Question 

Resume- of the Underlying Facts Which Bear Directly 

on General Conditions of the Present Day 

By H. F. Baillet 

IT is understood that in taking this subject the writer 

is skating on thin ice. There is, liowever, no intention 

of taking sides or influencing action for or 

against. It is simply a desire to call attention to some 

of the underlying facts or trends of the situation 

which, right or wrong, bear on the present conditions, 

with the further thought that it may be of help to our 

members in making the best of a difficult proposition. 

In the ranks of the journeymen plumbers and also 

in the ranks of the organized master plumbers you 

will find the extreme radical, that is, one who can see 

absolutely nothing good in the personnel or organization 

of the other. There is the journeyman who looks 

upon every master as a bloodsucker who in his, the 

journeyman's, estimation is making money out of 

the exploitation of the men in his 

t rom the employ and who is a fair mark for 

Journeyman's any chicanery that can be practiced 

Viewpoint upon him either by the individual 

journeyman or by his organization. 

In his mind there ean be no reasonable limit to the 

demands upon the boss short of the entire amount 

which the employer receives from the customer for 

the journeyman's service. "The full return for my 

labor!" is the goal that is ever before his mind's eye 

and anything or everything that will advance him or 

his, even an inch, toward that goal is considered 

legitimate and proper. We may say that the extreme 

radicals are but a small percentage of the rank and 

file, but a very active and persistent percentage. 

On the other hand we have with us the extreme 

radical boss. He can see nothing good or human in 

the journeyman. The journeyman is to him only a 

means to an end, something to be bought as cheaply 

as possible and to be sold as dearly as possible. Any 

request for amelioration of working conditions or even 

suggestion for improvement is met with a scornful 

rebuff. Just enough to live and do my work is enough. 

That a journeyman should dare to think is a monstrosity. 

It is enough that he be allowed to breathe 

the same air as his master! Happily the radicals 

along these lines are even a considerable smaller percentage 

among us than the radicals among the journeymen 

; but we have them among us and to ignore this 

fact often leads to difficulties beeause it is the opinion 

of the extremist that is most often carried, due to 

the fact that it usually is the most loudly expressed, 

and has a tendency to arouse resentment and antagonism 

in the opposing ranks, on both sides. 

The present day conditions in the ranks of organized 

labor should be known to the master plumbers 

so that he may not fool himself, or I might say so 

that we may not fool ourselves, by building upon 

something that does not exist. In the memory of 

some of our oldest members the journeymen could 

be treated with as individuals. Year by vear this 

individuality is becoming less and less. In localities 

where the union system is fully developed the journeyman 

does not even select his job. He goes where 

the business agent sends him. The employer must 

apply to the business agent who in turn sends the 

man he selects. How is it that a free born American 

will so subvert his individuality? It is because the 

Union has obtained for him a higher wage and shorter 

hours than he could possibly have obtained otherwise. 

This is a fact that we cannot blink, must admit 

whether we like to or not. 

The individualism of the journeyman has absolutely 

been sunk in the community of interest of his craft. 

"As the individual freedom of the component parts of 

any body of men become less, so the cohesion of that 

body becomes stronger!" Now what is it that influences 

these men to so blindly, for it is blindly, follow 

their leaders—that gives them the strength and 

cohesion which they unquestionably^ possess ? 

It is probably due to the singleness of purpose" that 

has called forth and strengthened the Labor Union 

as we know it to-day. The aim and purpose of organized 

labor is peculiarly and emphatically single. "The 

betterment of its component parts"; "Higher wages, 

shorter hours and better working conditions," for 

the laborer. Everything and anything that in any 

way, shape or form interferes with or obstructs this 

purpose is ruthlessly shoved aside. Anything and 

everything that bids fair to forward the purpose 

is tried and applied. As I heard it expressed recently 

"To Hell with anybody or anytliing else!" There 

is very little consideration for any other tie or any 

other obligation than the one aim and purpose. This 

has brought to the journeyman results, which to them 

appear worth the sacrifice of their individuality and 

constitutes the main strength of their position. 

Now let us look at the position of the master 

plumber. Where the consideration of the journeyman 

and his aim is single, the considerations of the master 

are complex and many. The master must consider 

p . tlle public because they are his cusrerplexities 

tomers and the public's interests 

of Master and requirements are many. He 

Plumbers nmst consider the apprentice, for 

that is the source of future skilled 

labor. He must consider the other fellow, because 

there is the competition for business. He must consider 

his contracts, because there are law courts 

that can punish him severely, can put him out of business 

for non-performance of contract. He must consider 

his credit, his financial standing, or the sheriff 

will get after him. 

All these considerations and obligations make it 

necessary that the master have greater individual 

freedom than is required by the journeyman. Greater 

individual freedom means less cohesion", less co-operative 

effort, absence of discipline. It is much, very

July 9. 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 33 

much, easier for the master to break away from his 

organization, to go it alone as it were, than it is for the 

journeyman to do the same thing. The natural and 

inevitable consequence is that the master plumbers do 

not show as united a front for as long a period as do 

the journevmen. 

The journeyman's aim is single and persistent. 

The master's aim is also single, namely, the "Betterment 

of his condition." But he allows many considerations 

and obligations, real and imaginary, to 

influence his actions, while the journeyman of the 

present day has cast aside all obligations and con 

siderations that interfere with or hamper his object. 

Among both men and masters, or we will use the 

better terms employers and employees—there arc 

many who temperamentally and through the influence 

of environment seek to find a middle way, seek the 

common ground, to soften the cleavage, with varying 

temporary success. 

I believe that this paper has given a terse resume 

of the line-up as it exists to-day. The purpose is to 

keep us from error if possible. May it be received 

in the same spirit in which it is written. 

The Value of Sanitary Drinking Facilities 

Requirements for Safely Distributing Drinking 

Water in Industrial Plants 

IF man were built along the same lines as a camel 

water would not be vital to nis existence, but since 

his structure in its present form consists of about 

70 per cent of this element, a constant replenishing 

of the supply is necessary. 

Since health depends upon water drinking and 

working efficiency depends upon health, then working 

efficiency also depends upon water drinking. Yet 

relatively few who employ a large number of workers 

in factories or buildings realize the importance of 

giving the installation of drinking facilities the proper 

ig. 1 — Note Discarged 

Stream Does 

ot Fall Back upon 

ozzle in Puritan 

Foutain Head Made 

Halsey W. Taylor 

Warren, Ohio. 

consideration. How often is the drinking water 

supply located in an out of the way nook or corner of 

the building, affording an excuse for the employee to 

waste time in getting a drink, or where paid by piece 

work neglect to drink at all rather than to lose the 

time. In either case it is inefficient and therefore it 

pays in increased output to locate the drinking water 

centrally or readily accessible to all workers. 

Before installing a drinking water system a determination 

of the purity, palatableness and freedom 

from disagreeable odor, color or taste of the water and 

the minimum quantity to be distributed, should be 

made. Then in distributing or dispensing the water, 

its proper temperature at the point of consumption, 

its accessibility to all workers and prevention against 

transmission of disease from one person to another, 

should be assured. 

The average person drinks too little water, therefore 

workers should be encouraged to drink plenty 

of it, but in small quantities and often. Every man 

needs daily about 2 qts. of water in addition to about 

the same amount taken in as an ingredient in solid 

food, making a total of about 1 gal. per day. The 

amount that one needs to drink daily will vary under 

different conditions and it has been estimated that 

with the usual condition of temperature and relative 

humidity a person at rest, ordinary activities and hard 

work requires 2, 3 and 5 qts., respectively daily. With 

high temperature and low relative humidity 4, 6 and 

10 qts., are required, and with high temperature and 

high relative humidity 2, 3 and 4 qts. 

It is an obligation on the employer to provide drinking 

water that is unquestionably pure and free from 

all chemical, organic and bacterial impurities. Since 

failure to drink enough water is a dietetic error, 

making the fountain attractive and keeping it always 

clean stimulates the water consumption per capita. 

The prime requisites in the distribution of the 

drinking water are preclusion of all possibility of 

contamination and transmission of disease from one 

employee to another. The use of the bucket and common 

drinking cup is condemned by law and sanitation, 

health authorities and in addition it is an expensive, 

wasteful, and unsatisfactory method of distribution. 

The most satisfactory means of distribution is the 

really sanitary drinking fountain. There are many 

fountains which purport to be sanitary but in reality 

are not due either to faulty design, improper operation, 

inadequate repair and upkeep or pollution by 

careless and ignorant users. You positively cannot 

have safety without sanitation. 

A double tilted jet or offset vertical discharge type 

as shown in Fig 1 and 2, is considered the most satisfactory, 

because it is safe and eliminates the danger 

of disease transmission. A wire guard preventing 

contact of the mouth with the discharge nozzle is a 

very desirable added safeguard. 

The proper temperature for drinking water to be 

beneficial, palatable and conducive to consumption has 

been observed to be from 50 to 55 deg. Fahr. Usually 

to obtain this temperature refrigeration is necessary. 

Ice should never be brought into contact with the 

water.


Where portable water coolers are used, the common 

drinking cup or glass should not be tolerated, 

but waxed paper cups designed to be used once and 

then thrown away, should be provided. 

Oftentimes knowledge of how to make a sanitary 

paper drinking cup is useful. The method :3 very 

simple. Take a square piece of paper not less than 

6 in. in size and fold into the form of a triangle, then 

with the triangle sitting on its longest side fold over 

Fig. 2— Vertico Slant Stream Drinking Head Made by Rundle- 

Spence Co., Milwaukee, Wis. 

Offset Vertical Stream Type that Prevents Unsanitary Conditions 

one of the bottom corners so its point rests 1-3 of 

the distance down from the apex on the opposite side. 

Repeat this with the other corner except it must be 

folded under. Now the two flaps of the apex should 

be folded down in opposite directions and the cup 

is completed. 

An Institution to Foster Engineering 

Knowledge 

In former years the young man gomg into the shop 

to learn a trade devoted all of his energy toward 

getting the practical experience without stopping to 

ask the reason for doing things one way rather than 

another. Nowadays, however, the young apprentice 

seeks some scientific knowledge along with his practical 

work and to assist the newcomer in the heating 

and ventilating trade to get this information. The 

Cleveland Engineering Institute has been established 

in Cleveland, Ohio. 

This institute conducts a complete correspondence 

or home study course on heating and ventilating, consisting 

of 54 regular lessons and 6 standard reviews, 

whieh is maintained under the progressive class plan 

similar to that in use at many technical universities, 

that is, each class progressing in the study of subjects 

consistent with ability and understanding. 

Every class is under the direction of a competent 

instructor who is experienced in both the theoetical 

and the practical phases of the science. Beginning 

with the fundamental laws and basic principles 

governing the subject embodied, eaeh phase and step 

is carefully studied and applied to practical use. The 

classes are required to enter into analytical study and 

actual engineering practice, applying each principle 

and equation to practical use in keeping with modern 

requirements. 

The text and form of instruction pertaining to 

engineering practice are flexible and kept constantly 

abreast of modern lequirements and development 

through the medium of an advisory board of acknowledged 

experts. 

The prospective student may start the course at 

any time and with an application of average diligence 

should complete it within 14 months. Full particulars 

may be obtained by writing to H. Carlton Hewitt, 

Director, Cleveland Engineering Institute, 8120 

Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 

IT IS SAID THAT JIM BELCHER and Sam Shepard 

from Atlanta were once reading about several men 

being in a gas filled room and asphyxiated and Sam 

Shepard wanted Jim to explain what they meant by 

"asphyxiated." Jim's explanation ran on this wise: 

"When I was a helper at the business we used to 

run gas pipe and hang gas fixtures. When we had 

piped the house and hung all the fixtures it was 

gas fixture ated?" 

THE BULLETIN No. 57 issued by the Iowa State College 

of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts on April 

14 is devoted to some experiments with drain tile 

and sewer pipe, which will be interesting to the 

plumbing trade. It was prepared by W. J. Schlick 

and can be secured on application at tlie College 

Engineering Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. 

Recipes from an Old Scrap Book

July 9, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 35 

Fig. 1—Supply and Exhause Units in Place on Sun Deck with 

Weather Protective Housing. 

Fig. 2—A Supply Unit Located on Sun Deck, Sho 

Tempering Coils and Louvred Air Intake. 

Are Ships Properly Ventilated? 

Why They Are Not, How They Could Be, 

and an Example of a Good Job. 

M A R I N E designers in the past have given too 

much attention to cargo carrying capacity and 

too little to the comfort of passengers and crews 

in providing ventilating systems with the result that 

often unbearable atmospheric conditions prevail on 

board. It is not uncommon in mid-summer to find 

the boiler room temperature 150 to 160 deg. Fahr. 

while even with the ship ice coated the hold rarely 

gets below 80 deg. 

A ventilating system to be entirely effective must 

be combined with a means for heating and cooling the 

circulating air to meet varying conditions. No satisfactory 

ventilating system can be designed without 

taking into consideration air distribution and air 

movement. The latter is the important factor in the 

comfort of a human being but it is practically impossible 

to create a noticeable air movement by exhausting 

the air from a room, whereas a plenum sj r stem 

will accomplish the desired results. 

Fans used for ventilating purposes on passenger 

ships handle two to five times the volume of air required 

for ventilating the same amount of space ashore 

while, with the exception of the dining saloon, lounge 

and smoking rooms, which are usually provided with 

an air volume approximating land standard, all other 

large compartments have from two to three times 

these standards and very small staterooms and closets 

three to five times. The scientific ventilation of a 

ship is not a simple problem and is it experience that 

has dictated these ratios or simply a lack of study 

of the subject? 

The steampship St. Paul of the American Steamship 

Line is one of only a few passenger ships that 

can boast of ventilation that ventilates. She is 

equipped with the Hartmann balanced duplex ventilating 

system of the Charles Hartmann Co., 985 Dean 

Street, Brooklyn, N. Y., and this installation is a 

notable example of the carrying out of the ideas of 

its engineers and the handiwork of its sheet metal 

workers. 

In this installation the prime units consisting of 

fans, motors, tempering coils and other apparatus 

were placed on the sun deck and the air was distributed 

to the various compartments through sheet 

metal ducts or conduits. Every fresh air supply and 

exliaust opening into the different compartments were 

supplied with a register and provided with a regulating 

damper. 

The length of the ship was divided into five sections 

as determined by the bulkheads, and each section 

from the sun deck down to the boiler room hold was 

provided with one complete set of ventilating units 

consisting of both a supply and exhaust fan, tempering 

coils, and otlier accessories. 

One of these sets in position on the sun deck is 

shown in Fig. 1. Here the supply fan delivers 

through the 12 x 48 in. sheet metal duct shown to the 

right, 11,000 cu. ft. of air per minute, while the exhaust 

fan discharges through the turned down opening, 

9000 cu. ft. per minute. This method of terminating 

the duct prevents rain or spray from a rough 

sea entering the opening and collecting in the conduit. 

The electric motors, as usual, are protected from the 

elements by being enclosed in a weatherproof housing. 

Another view showing a supply unit is given in Fig. 

2. The intake on the left has adjustable louvres and 

the tempering coil with steam connections has a radiating 

surface of 405 sq. ft. 

Into every assembly lounge, smoking, dining and 

mess room, the correct amount of fresh air is introduced 

at such points and at such velocity as to form 

a positive circulation in the room without any draft 

and, when necessary, tempered to prevent chilling. 

In each room the air is drawn off before it gets 

foul by balancing the volume of air exhausted with 

the fresh air brought in and by so locating the exhaust 

outlets that they do team work with the fresh air 

inlets.

36 METAL WORKER, P L li M B E R AND STEAM FITTER July 9, 19_0 

Each room was treated as a complete ventilating 

problem in itself, since, for instance, the smoking 

room where the lighter-than-air smoke rises and the 

dining room where the heavier-than-air vapors and 

odors from foods drop to the floor, had to be ventilated 

in different ways. 

The dining room, 46 x 107 x 9 ft. in size, presented 

an interesting problem. The original ventilation system 

consisted of two exhaust and two supply registers, 

one of each located at both ends of the room on the 

side of the funnel casing and above the sideboard as 

indicated by Inlet and Outlet in Fig 3. The aft funnel 

was a short distance ahead of the rear bulkhead 

and since the registers were set in this bulkhead they 

were shut off somewhat by the funnel easing. With 

outlet and inlet on each side of the fore and aft 

funnels a movement of air only around the funnel 

casing resulted, as the fresh air supply took the shortest 

path and was exhausted out on the other side. 

In consequence the center or main portion of the dining 

room was unventilated and had to depend for 

air circulation and fresh supply on the side port holes 

and speed of the ship. 

This uncomfortable condition of the dining room 

atmosphere was corrected in the following manner. 

The total number of registers was doubled and 

four supply inlets were placed in the forward bulkhead, 

as shown by S in Fig. 3, one in each corner and 

the other two alongside of the funnel casing as before, 

but a sheet metal duct was run forward around the 

funnel casing and above the sideboard so that the 

intake would be unobstructed. With this arrangement 

fresh air was being discharged into the saloon at the 

forward end and moving in the same direction as the 

ship, circulated throughout the entire length of the 

room at such a velocity that no draft was produced 

and was finally exhausted at the rear before it had 

become super-vitiated. 

This method fulfilled four conditions for successful 

ship ventilation and it is needless to add that a comfortable 

and delightful atmosphere is maintained in 

this dining saloon. First, fresh air was supplied and 

foul air exhausted. Second, the supply was discharged 

through proper duct sizes at low velocity nd produced 

good air movement without draft. Third, a 

long air travel permitting the complete extraction of 

the beneficial properties of the fresh air, was utilized 

without super-vitiation before exhausting. Fourth, the 

direction of the air movement coincided with that of 

the ship. 

rf 

Outlet- 

In let- 

in the cabin library, which adjoins the toilets, an 

ingenius ventilating system was adopted. The fresh 

air shafts from supplv fan on sun deck were carried 

through the toilets in the two corners adjoining this 

room as shown in Fig. 3, and sheet metal ducts, run 

along this bulkhead above the waterclosets and near 

the ceiling, had discharge openings through the wall, 

with registers set in the panel work of the cabin 

library, thereby providing fresh air supply for these 

quarters. Then the space beneath the wall settees 

Fig. 4—Appearance of Galvanized Steel Supply and Exhaust Ducts 

before Staterooms Were Formed Around Them 

was used for the exliaust ducts. With this arrangement 

the cabin was amply ventilated without disturbing 

its original appearance and it is a striking example 

of how the sheet metal man can accommodate his 

handiwork to conditions. 

The staterooms were all provided with a supply of 

fresh air as well as a means of removing foul air. 

Each of these staterooms was considered individually 

for where the shell of the ship forms a cabin wall, 

it cools the confined air and the circulation moves in 

exactly opposite currents to what is the case in a 

cabin next to a boiler hatch. Also where the cabin 

floor was next to the hold and was heated thereby, a 

different problem was presented then where the cool 

exposed deck formed the ceiling of the cabin. In 

cabins with adjoining toilets the amount of air supplied 

was greater than that exhausted and additional 

air was exhausted from the toilet to insure the odors 

going in the right direction. 

Paul, Showing Method of Venti latmg Salloon and Library.

July 9. 192C METALWORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 37 

Many of the inside staterooms were approximately 

8 ft. square with a 9 ft. ceiling and the fresh air, 

carried in ducts 6x6 in. above the floor but beneath 

settees, was introduced into the room through a 

lourved register of equivalent area and then exhausted 

near the ceiling in a remote corner by a duet of the 

same size. 

A section of these galvanized steel ducts in cabins 

placed between decks, concealed by interior cabinet 

work is shown in Fig. 4. The ducts on the left discharging 

near the floor are for supply, while the 

extreme ducts on both sides in the ceiling contain the 

exhaust outlets as can be seen at the right. 

All toilet rooms, kitchen, pantries and galleys were 

ventilated by exhausting air from them. No supply 

was put into these rooms. In the case of toilets the 

air overflow from cabins and staterooms was calculated 

to fill the hallways and thence through the toilet 

exhaust fans would insure the foul air being carried 

off before contaminating the* surrounding quarters. 

The installation of ventilating systems aboard ship 

encounters many disadvantages due to limited available 

room, immovable obstacles to the placing of conduits 

and the necessity of keeping the weight of the 

apparatus down to the minimum and these difficulties 

are greatly magnified where it is a problem of equipping 

an old ship. The ventilating system should be 

installed when the vessel is constructed and not afterwards. 

Fig. 5—Surmounting a Difficulty by Having Duct Encircle Door 

Which Must Not Be Obstructed. 

A good example of these difficulties is shown in Fig. 

5 where in order to form connections between the 

galvanized steel ducts of two decks, it was necessary 

to make a loop around a steel door which could not 

be blocked or removed. 

Influence of Tact 

The following in reference to Booker T. Washington 

was recently presented in the Southern Workman, 

the magazine of the Hampton Institute, the great 

Negro and Indian educational institution at Hampton, 

Va. It points out a characteristic that should be cultivated 

by every business man: 

One of Dr. Washington's most remarkable traits, one 

which entered largely into his success, was his tact. What 

is tact? It is that quality in the conduct of our relation 

with others whom we seek to influence, which avoids opposition 

to one's purpose without deceit upon the essentials 

and silence in respect to minor issues likely to awaken 

prejudice or resentment. 

This quality no man had a higher sense than Booker 

Washington. He was able to exercise it because he never 

thought of himself, because he had no selfish motive. His 

life was absorbed in his cause, and that enabled him to 

restrain the temptation to say things and do things to 

which he was frequently strongly provoked, by the knowledge 

that it would injure that which was dearest to him— 

the leading of the Negro race to higher things. 

His speech at the Atlanta Exposition is one of the greatest 

speeches in the English language, and it reveals this 

quality, which has been described in its most beautiful 

flower. 

Don't Expect Prices to Tumble Helter-Skelter 

There has been more noise than price cutting. We 

cannot have and need not expect low prices while 

wages remain as high as they are, while labor is not 

doing a full day's work, while taxation is so crushingly 

heavy, while consumption continues reckless and riotous, 

while neither raw materials nor merchandise can 

be transported expeditiously nor while the present billions 

upon billions of currency and credits continue 

outstanding. Also, unless this year's crops are larger 

than now forecast, the cost of food staples is little 

likely to fall materially in the near future.—Forbes 

Magazine. 

Patterns for Spiral Chute Around Cylinder 

(Continued from Page 29) 

To obtain the amount of twist required in the pattern 

to produce the spiral diagram Y has been prepared, 

and shows the method of shifting the miter cuts 

so as to produce the spiral chute. Take a tracing of 

E-J-H-F in diagram X, including the vertical line 

I'-ll" and place it in diagram Y as shown by 

E°-J-H°-F°, also the vertical line indicated by 1°-1 T . 

From E° at right angles to l°-l v draw a line intersec- 

j tion l°-l v at o'. 

Now, in Fig. 2, take the distance between the lines 

1 a' and b' in elevation at right angles to 4'-5', and 

place it on the line l°-l v in diagram Y in Fig. 3, from 

o' to b', which shows the amount that one section of 

the elbow will be turned upon the other. At right 

angles to l°-l v , from F°, draw a line intersecting 

I°-l v at o. 

Now take a tracing or reproduction o'-E°-F°-o and 

slide it down along the line l°-l v , being careful to 

place o' upon the point b''; then scribe off the heavy 

miter cut shown by 6°-E v -F v -

38 METALWORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 9, 1920 

Our Production Capacity Is Increasing So Rapidly That 

It Has Already Outstripped Our Consuming Capacity 

Foreign Trade Solution of Future Prosperi 

Lean Years Can Be Avoided Only By Great Activity In Fostering Good 

Will and Demand In Foreign Countries 

E V E R Y citizen should urge those who can to devote 

some of their producing capacity, some of 

their business sagacity and some of their energy 

to building up a demand for it as foreign countries and 

certainly South America invites her cultivation. In 

this country the extension of plants is tying up capital 

too fully and some of it should be utilized for 

financing investment in foreign good will that will not 

return dividends until cordial relations and a thorough 

understanding has been made and arrangements perfected 

to hold it permanently. 

The enterprise should be started with the determination 

that the trade once gained shall be held 

and not neglected when at home a temporary advantage 

may be realized. Such trade has enriched the 

British and those who are devoted to it cannot be 

turned from it because it is continuously profitable. 

It is such business that was urged on the attention of 

the American people by President Farrell in his address 

at the Foreign Trade convention in San Francisco 

from which the following extracts were presented 

in The Iron Age: 

President Farrel, in his address at the Foreign Trade 

Convention at San Francisco, impressed upon his hearers 

very forcibly the importance of the United States becoming 

a greater exporting nation. Realizing that 

Must often the building of great plants overshad- 

Become an 

ows the °P erations of small companies, Mr. 

_, . Farrell called attention to the fact that one 

Exporting of the striking features of the war period 

Nation was the wonderful growth of small companies. 

Referring to the State of Ohio as 

a huge workshop in which plants not yet enumerated were 

added to the producing capacity, he said that the census 

soon to be announced will disclose with reasonable accuracy 

the full extent of the maryelous industrial changes which 

have taken place, but it is already apparent that the manufacturing 

capacity of the country has been immensely increased 

and that a large percentage of the output must be 

exported. "We shall be confronted,' he said, "with the fact 

that we are able to produce more than we can sell at home. 

We shall face accordingly such an urgency for foreign trade 

as we have never before experienced, for either we shall 

find markets abroad for the surplus of our industrial productivity, 

or we shall cease to produce it, which is unthinkable. 

That way lies stagnation, unemployment and business 

reverses." 

Mr. Farrell does not, however, take a pessimistic view of 

the situation. He believes that jealous and discordant 

Must political Pur "policies" that must we can be discouraged at least cherish and the a broader belief that and 

larger railroads conception will be built 

Broad 

of international with a single co-opera- eye to 

Countri) tj 0 "- must their commercial be adopted. value He and is of not the to opinion 'their 

Policy 

place in military strategy, and he might 

have added that the optimistic will hope 

that the railroads will be built without any plans for financial 

strategy. 

Mr. Farrell, naturally and very properly, has little patience 

with a policy which provides for taking care of 

foreign trade when it is convenient to do so and when 

domestic demand declines. He insists that the efforts to 

extend trade must be sustained and intelligent, which means 

tnat spasmodic efforts to create foreign trade cannot be 

tolerated. He points out that the development of our industrial 

capacity during the war may cause serious distress 

later unless the situation is handled with intelligence, energy 

and courage. But he does not despair, for he believes that, 

if so handled, the benefit of foreign trade will indeed be 

greater than ever before enjoyed. 

The address covered the situation in general, other 

speakers devoting themselves more to the details of what 

has been accomplished and what may be done to promote 

foreign commerce. The Webb-Pomerene act 

Better received some attention, and, while it was 

j . , . conceded that this measure is a venture in 

legislation a new direction, and has not accomplished 

Needed all that its enthusiastic advocates hope for, 

it has helped in making real progress in 

several ways, especially in enabling the smaller manufacturers 

to market their products abroad, but this act even 

when perfected cannot accomplish all that will be necessary 

in order to increase American exports adequately. The 

narrow political policies to which Mr. Farrell referred must 

be abandoned and broad policies must be adopted. This 

does not mean that the historic American policy of production 

must be given up, but it does mean that new policies 

must be enacted after giving most careful consideration 

to the changes which the World War has wrought in eco 

Film Teaches Uses and Abuses of Drills 

nomic conditions. 

Designed For Sliowing In Shops Because Printed 

Instructions Are Not Read 

By F. L. Prentiss 

T^HE value of the education moving picture film in 

industry has been recognized for some time by 

progressive manufacturers and a number of very interesting 

films of an instructive character have been 

produced, the object generally to illustrate the manufacturing 

process before spectators engaged in other 

fields of activity, who have more or less vague ideas 

of the methods employed in making the products in 

that particular field. Another type of film for which 

there is apparently a wide and as yet little developed 

field, is one designed to educate the workman in the 

plant so that he will know how to handle machines 

and tools properly, do better work, increase production 

and reduce waste. 

A film of this type, which is undoubtedly one of 

the best that has been produced for teaching workmen 

proper machine shop practice, was recently made 

by the Cleveland Twist Drill Co., Cleveland." This 

film, in four reels, requiring 40 minutes to present 

illustrates the uses and abuses of twist drills. In 

reality it is a reproduction in picture form of a booklet 

on this subject issued by this company and it is 

intended primarily to reach the inexperienced and 

incompetent workmen. The company felt that while

July 9, 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUM 

a conscientious and competent operator of a drilling 

machine read the booklet, the indifferent workman 

could seldom be reached in that way but could be 

educated by means of the film. 

The purpose of the film is to depict the best uses 

and the most common abuses of the twist drill so that 

as a result of the workman's better understanding of 

the drill there will be more production and less breakage. 

Among the subjects illustrated in the film, with 

proper captions to make the various terms used in 

connection with drills perfectly clear to the spectator, 

are body clearance, web increase, lip clearance, etc. 

The worker is taught to grind a drill properly and 

examples and results of faulty grinding are shown, 

the pictures explaining in what respect the drill has 

been ground, either correctly or incorrectly. The various 

abuses to which workmen subject twist drills and 

the effects of these absuses are also illustrated. Advertising 

features are avoided, the only reference to 

company or product being a picture of the plant. 

The film has been exhibited in a large number of 

manufacturing plants during the past few weeks, and 

that it has been very favorably received is indicated 

Provisions To Protect 

A Movement That Affects All 

Class of Construction 

AN analysis of income tax returns shows that contracting 

is the most hazardous industry in the 

country. They show that the amount of loss for 

every dollar of profit made by construction corporations 

is eight times as great as it is in manufacturing, 

agriculture, or personal service corporations; five 

times as great as in transportation and public utility 

corporations; over three times as great as in mining 

and quarrying, and nearly twice as in banking. 

The reasons for this condition are due to the unusual 

number of doubtful elements in construction 

with which a contractor must work. It is unnecessary 

to enumerate them. They are all too familiar. It 

is sufficient that the more such uncertainties can be 

eliminated, the lower will be the costs of construction 

to the owner, the more satisfactory will be the relations 

of the architect, the engineer and the contractor, 

and the more will contracts be awarded on a basis 

of skill, integrity and responsibility. Never was this 

more true or action on it more needed than at the 

present time. 

From the very nature of construction many of these 

uncertainties can never be eliminated. They must 

either be assumed by the contractor or the owner. 

Some which are now assumed by the contractor ought 

by right to be assumed by the owner. Other uncertainties 

may be eliminated entirely to the advantage 

of both parties. The improvement of present contract 

provisions is one of the simplest solutions for this 

problem. 

With these thoughts in mind the Committee on 

Contracts of the Associated General Contractors of 

ER AND STEAM FITTER 39 

by letters of appreciation from manufacturers. One 

production engineer of a large concern writes: 

"My purpose of having the motion picture production 

exhibited in the plant was to combat the silly excuses 

offered by both the foreman and workman for 

the failure of efficiency in drilling operations causing: 

(1) Low production figures; (2) excessive drill breakage; 

(3) excessive drill grinding. In most cases the 

excuse for inefficiency centered around the material to 

be drilled and in no case was any attempt made to 

examine the drill for proper or improper grinding or 

the cutting edges, or the point of the drill to determine 

the proper relation of feeds and speeds. Your 

film helped to drive home to everybody the soundness 

of my strenuous campaign for several weeks for 

correct drill grinding as a preliminary for getting 

results in drilling; this I consider of prime importance." 

The Cleveland Twist Drill Co. will furnish the 

film free of charge to manufacturers and dealers. 

With it is supplied a portable picture projecting ma 

chine operating from any lamp socket and it may 

be shown in any room that can be slightly darkened. 

Building Contractors 

Tradesmen Engaged In Any 

Work for Buildings 

America during the past year has made a study of 

113 different forms of contracts of various types. 

The committee are not prepared at this time to submit 

a complete form of contract embodying every 

provision which should be included in a good contract. 

They have, however, proved the following provisions 

which they recommend be included in every contract 

made by members of the Associated General Contractors 

of America. Additional provisions will be submitted 

from time to time. 

The suggestions of members and others interested 

are cordially invited. 

1. ACTION ON BIDS. Bids should be submitted with 

the provision that they must be acted upon within a 

reasonable time after their receipt. 

Proposed 2. FREIGHT RATE CHANGES — Bids 

Contract should be submitted on the basis of 

Provisions existing freight rates, with the provision 

that in case a change in rates 

should occur between the time bids are received and 

the date fixed for the completion of the contract, the 

contract price should be increased or decreased accordingly. 

3. WAGE SCALE CHANGES—Bids should be stated 

and be submitted on existing wage rates, with the 

provision that the contract price shall be increased or 

decreased in accordance with any change in such rates 

before the date fixed for the completion of the con 

tract. 

4. MATERIAL PRICE CHANGES—Bids should be submitted 

on the basis of existing prices for materials 

f. o. b. the producer's plant or distributor's yard, with 

the provision that the contract price shall be increased

40 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 9. 1920 

or decreased in accordance with any change in such 

price that takes place within the time allowed the 

contractor to purchase and fabricate his materials. 

5. MONTHLY ESTIMATES—Monthly estimates should 

include materials delivered and suitably stored as well 

as materials incorporated in the work. 

6. PARTIAL PAYMENTS—Certificates should be prepared 

and delivered to tlie contractor between the 

first and tenth day of each month, showing the proportionate 

part of contract price earned during the 

preceding month. These certificates should be paid by 

the owner by the tenth day of the month. Interest on 

deferred payments should be paid the contractor at 

the prevailing rate. 

7. CONTRACTOR'S RIGHT TO STOP WORK—Under 

the following conditions the contractor should have the 

right to stop work or terminate the contract upon 

three days' written notice to the owner and the architect, 

and recover from the owner payment for all work 

executed and any loss sustained upon any plant or 

material and reasonable profit and damages: 

(a) If the work should be stopped under an order of 

any court, or other public authority, for a period of three 

months, through no act or fault of the contractor or any 

one employed by him; 

(b) If the architect or engineer should fail to issue the 

monthly certificate for payment in accordance with the 

terms of contract; 

(c) If the owner should fail to pay the contractor, 

within seven days of its maturity and presentation, any 

sum certified by the architect or engineer or awarded by 

arbitration; 

(d) Tf the owner does not permit the contractor to proceed 

with construction within a reasonable time after signing 

the contract. 

8. RETAINED PERCENTAGE—The retained percentage 

should be based on 100 per cent of the work performed 

and should never exceed 10 per cent. When 

the amount retained reaches a total sum, which shall 

be mutually agreed upon by the owner and the contractor, 

no further reduction from payments should 

be made. 

9. SURETY BOND—Where a surety bond is given, 

it should be reduced to agreed intervals so as to cover 

thereafter only that portion of work then uncompleted. 

10. PENALTY CLAUSES—Wherever any provision is 

incorporated in the contract for a penalty against the 

contractor (including liquidated damages), there 

should also be inserted a provision for a bonus of like 

amount. 

11. ACTS OF GOD OR PUBLIC ENEMY—The contractor 

should not be held liable for results arising from 

the acts of God or public enemy. 

12. TIME ALLOWED FOR COMPLETION OF WORK— 

The time allowed for the completion of the work 

should be based on "weather working days" instead 

of on elapsed time, and, if necessary, allowance should 

be made for time spent in performing unproductive 

work made necessary by floods or other natural causes 

beyond the control of the contractor. 

13. INSPECTION — Where practicable, materials 

should be inspected at the source so that costly delay 

may not result from the rejection, at the site of the 

work, of materials furnished in good faith by the 

contractor. 

Uncle Joe Cannon some time ago revealed in 

a sentence the fundamental principle of an old 

bugaboo, "Labor and Capital." He said: 

"The man who earns a dollar is a laborer, and 

the man who saves a dollar is a capitalist. It 

is as impossible to separate labor and capital 

as it is to separate oxygen and nitrogen in the 

air and continue to breathe."—Dodge News. 

14. FORCE ACCOUNT WORK—Payment for force account 

work should be made on the basis of the tutal 

actual costs of the work, including the actual labor and 

material costs, rental on equipment, liability insurance, 

etc., plus a reasonable percentage to cover overhead 

and profit, total to be not less than 15 per cent. 

15. CHANGE IN QUANTITIES—In case the actual 

quantities of any item in a unit price contract are less 

than the estimated quantities by more than a certain 

fixed per cent, the unit price paid by the contractor 

for that item should be increased by an amount to be 

agreed upon. Similarly, a decrease in the unit prices 

should be made in case the quantities are increased 

over the estimate by more than a certain fixed per cent. 

IG. ARBITRATION—In no case should the engineer or 

architect be made the final judge as to the interpretation 

of the drawings and specifications or the performance 

of the contract. All decisions and interpretations 

should be subject to prompt arbitration at the choice 

of either party to the dispute.


This is thc tlace to submit your per 


plexing problems —the Place to 

problem and then you may be able to 



SERVKFTS GRATIS 

FROM W. H., NEW YORK CITY—I am about to heat 

a two-story house, the second floor plan of wliich is 

the counterpart of the first floor plan. The furnace 

is of good make and has a 14 in. grate, 

How Should 

Furnace Job 

be Rearranged? 

located as shown in the accompanying 

sketch. According to my view it should 

be moved 6 ft. further back to a point 

marked X. The cold air box leads 

from under the front porch which has 

trellis work around it and I contend it only gets sufficient 

air when the wind is from the west The cold 

air box I consider too small. It is 10 x 30 in., and I 

-10'AA'Peg. 

| \IS"xl4Reg 

=fi 

How Should Furnace Job Be Rearranged? 

am of the opinion that it should be 10 x 30 in. for the 

size of the grate with which the furnace is equipped. 

I should like to put a register in the kitchen which 

now has none. What I propose to do is to move the 

furnace back 6 ft. and sink it 3 in. lower so as to give 

more pitch to the pipes; then to increase the size of 

the 10 in. pipe to 12 in. as it is supposed to heat the 

dining room, upper bedroom and bathroom. I will 

put a 12 x 14 baseboard register in the kitchen and install 

a 10 x 12 in. floor register in the dining room also 

as a cold air return or should it be run back as a 

separate pipe? I consider a trunk line to heat the 

dining room, bedroom, bathroom and kitchen would 

not work as all the heat would be drawn to the highest 

point. 

FROM A. B., SOUTH DAKOTA—I would like to get 

a diagram of the best way to connect a range boiler 

in a bathroom on the second floor. There must be 

some way of doing it but I always put 

Connecting 

Boiler to 

Heat Bathroom 

my range boilers near the furnace. Now 

I have a customer who is going to build 

and who wants the range boiler in the 

bathroom so as to get a little heat from 

the boiler for warming the bathroom. 

Will METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

or some of its readers furnish a diagram showing the 

proper way to run or install the piping for a job like 

this? 

FROM FOUNDRYMAN, ILLINOIS—We are having 

trouble with a couple of separators that are installed 

to arrest the dust, the one from our cleaning room 

and the other from our polishing and trimming room. 

We have installed these arresters very 

Trouble with similar to the method illustrated in 

Separator the book "Practical Exhaust and Blow 

Pipe Work," by W. H. Hayes, Fig. 

26, 27 and 28. We have been cautioned by the concern 

that made our separators not to close up the 

bottom, but when the bottom is open we do not seem 

to get any efficiency. We shall be glad to get any 

advice on this matter that the readers can give. 

NOTE—If the size of the separator and ducts and 

speed at which fan is run and velocity in ducts are 

given to maker of separators, help may be expected. 

Those who have suggestions are invited to make them. 

FROM H. G. G, EAST TOLEDO, OHIO—Will you be 

so kind as to ask your readers to give us the standard 

proportions for the two types of sepa 

Proportions 

for Dust 

Separators 

rators shown in the accompanying 

sketch and also whether they are being 

manufactured so they ean be puri 

based? It will be noted that they are 

of different styles and somewhat out of the ordinary 

form of construction. 

Proportions for Dust Separators 

NOTE—In the issue of March 14, 1919, there are 

presented the proportions of the usual form of dust 

separators which may be of some service while those 

who are informed about the types shown are preparing 

the answers which they can readily give to the 

question presented.

42 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER J"l>' 9 - 1920 

^"^Metalworker | 


77ie Combination Shop 

THE EDITORS 

COMMENTARY 

THE neglect of proper ventilation of 

ships, both passenger and tramp, cannot 

be charged to those who do business 

on shore. Yet that their influence might be 

well exerted, is evidenced by the number of 

vessels on which the atmos- 

Ship pheric conditions prevailing 

Ventilation in dining saloon and staterooms 

are not only bad but 

their engine and stoker holds are criminally 

exhaustive to those who must work in them. 

While the matter of making them habitable 

would be simple, marine engineers have been 

woefully derelict in the common humanity 

of the provisions for the health and comfort 

of those on whom the movement of the ship 

depends. With the abundance of fresh air 

surrounding a ship on the high seas it is a 

simple matter to devise a system that will 

produce approximately as healthful conditions 

in the interior as on the outside of the 

ship. 

On another page is presented an article 

on ship ventilation, which not only describes 

a system successfully used on a large American 

passenger ship but shows how poor 

ventilation was corrected. 

Surely here is a lucrative field that merits 

the attention of both land and marine engineers 

and should be developed not simply 

for the business possibilities but for the 

benefit of both seagoing public and more 

particularly the better efficiency and health 

of the workers whose service is absolutely 

indispensable. If the marine engineer will 

not do his duty in this niatter the landsmen 

should do the right thing by the operating 

engineers and their working corps. During 

the war the American Society of Heating 

and Ventilating Engineers rendered a professional 

service that brought about almost 

a complete change in the naval construction 

of battleships, etc. The profession can do 

an equally necessary work for the merchant 

marine and it ought to be done. 

OPPORTUNITY to learn the trend of 

thought in reference to prices has been 

afforded by hearing the speakers who 

have attended various gatherings of the 

tradesmen and who are deeply interested in 

the basic cost on which the 

Conditions selling price is based. Very 

Support few goods are being made to 

Prices be stored in warehouses. 

Most of them are being moved 

as fast as the transportation facilities will 

permit. With no accumulations of stock in 

any line it is clear that what goes to the 

market is made up with labor at higher 

prices than formerly and of material, 

whether pig iron, copper, zinc or other 

similar material, selling at higher prices 

than some at least that have been known in 

the industry for many years. 

With the cost of labor and the cost of materials 

up there has been no hesitation on 

the part of the speakers to say that goods 

of various characters in the plumbing, heating, 

and sheet metal lines will not come 

down this year. But what will happen in 

another year is too far ahead to make a positive 

assertion and one man's guess on the 

future is as good as another's. There is no 

hesitation, however, to assert that prices will 

continue at their present level or possibly 

show some advances during the balance of 

this year and that the enterprising and 

courageous man will lay these facts before 

the people so that their hesitancy to buy 

may be overcome with the further statement 

that the quality of what is purchased, in a 

large measure, justifies the present price. 

A great deal of attention has been paid to 

making the product accomplish the purpose 

economically and continue in service permanently. 

The time is approaching when the sales 

manager will again come into his own. For 

some time back he has had the opportunity 

to rest from his labors while the plant manager 

and the production force have been occupied 

without any strain on him for assistance 

to keep the plant going. Already some 

of the shrewd forecasters for the future are 

laying plans and preparations for the sales 

force to go out after business backed up 

with good sound advertising campaigns. It 

is quite possible that the slogan used will be 

"More for the money than ever before 

rather than a cutting of price."


.. 

What the Words 

In Full to Date" on a Check Amount To 

By Elton J. Buckley 

IHAVE from F. M. Timden, Dubois, Pa., a letter 

asking a question which many another business 

man is also asking: 

I use a special check in paying all invoices, salaries, etc. 

In addition to my printed name and business across the left 

end of each check, I also have a space in which to indicate 

what the check has been issued for. In this space is the 

word "For," followed by a line thus: "For _ " 

Now if in this space I fill in the words "Account in full to 

date," which would then read: "For account in full to 

date," and same is mailed to a creditor and accepted by 

indorsement and deposited, in due time returning to me 

through the bank, will this not legally close the account and 

thus constitute a full settlement as intended on my part? 

Or puting it another way, of what value, if any, is a 

notation on a check indicating the payment of invoices due 

by inserting on the check date of same, or the words referred 

to, namely: "For account in full to date"? 

Not only this correspondent, but thousands of other 

business men of all shades and degrees, religiously 

print on the back of their checks, "In full to date," or, 

"In full of all claims to date," thinking that this saves 

them from any possible controversy over the account. 

But it doesn't. Unless there has been some dispute 

over the ccount, such words on a check have no effect 

at all. If more is actually owed than the amount represented 

by the check, the creditor can sue for it and 

get it, even though he knows when he accepted the 

check that it purported to be a receipt in full. 

Let us consider first cases in which there has been 

no dispute over what is due. The account between 

the parties is clear and straightforward. The debtor 

either accidentally or by design sends a check to the 

creditor for a smaller sum than that actually due, and 

marks it "In full of all claims to date." The creditor 

accepts it, banks it and gets the money. Later he discovers 

that the check doesn't cover the account. He 

can get the balance in spite of the notation on the 

check. 

Or take another common case—where the creditor 

inadventently sends the debtor a bill for less than is 

due. The debtor sees this and thinking to play sharp, 

sends a check for the incorrect amount and marks it 

"In full to date." Here, too, the creditor can get the 

balance, and the notation on the check is not a bar. 

This is under an old common law rule which existed 

everywhere until certain States modified it. The rule 

can be stated thus: 

Where the debt or demand is liquidated or certain (that 

is, where the sum due is settled and fixed.—E. J. B.), and 

is due, payment of the debtor and receipt by the creditor of 

a less sum is not a satisfaction thereof, although the creditor 

agrees to accept it as such, if there be no release under 

seal or no new consideration given. Payment of a less 

amount than is due operates only as a discharge of the 

amount paid, leaving the balance still due, and the creditor 

may sue therefor, notwithstanding the agreement. 

The reason for this rule is that the agreement is without 

consideration or void, as the debtor is under an obligation 

•Copyright by Elton J. Buckley. 

lo pay the whole debt at the time, and the creditor is entitled 

to receive the whole. 

Under this it was formerly the law everywhere that 

the creditor could get the balance of an undisputed 

debt, even where he had actually agreed with the 

debtor in writing (though not under seal) to accept 

part of it in full. He could override that agreement 

as if it had never existed, because it had no consideration. 

This rule has been modified in Alabama, California, 

Georgia, Maine, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, 

Connecticut and Mississippi. In those States a debtor 

and a creditor can settle an undisputed debt for part 

of it, and they do not even need to do it in writing. 

But the law of all those States insists that both 

parties know what they are doing and intend to do 

precisely what they are about to. In none of these 

States would a simple notation on a check bind a 

creditor not to go after the balance of an undisputed 

debt, the agreement between them would have to go 

much further than that. 

It is therefore the law everywhere, with the possible 

exception of North Carolina, that a creditor who 

accepts a check bearing the aforesaid notation, if the 

debt is undisputed, is not bound by it, but can get the 

balance. 

There are two exceptions to this which should be 

cited. First is where there is some consideration for 

the agreement to take less than the whole in full. For 

instance, A owes B $1,000, payable December 1. Being 

in need of money, B goes to A on September 1 

and says, "If you'll pay me now I'll throw off $100." 

A agrees and pays him $900. That settlement is good, 

because it had a consideration, viz.: paying the debt 

before it was due. 

The other exception is where an agreement to accept 

less than the whole in full is under seal. A 

owes B $1,000. There is no dispute about the amount. 

A offers $900 in full settlement and B, being somewhat 

in doubt as to A's finances, or needing the money 

himself, accepts it. They then execute an agreement, 

and at the end of each signature put the scrawl which 

represents "Seal." That settlement will also be good, 

because it was under seal, and the seal, which is an 

" insignia used for the purpose of solemnly binding the 

contract, gives it a legal consideration. 

Everything said so far refers to cases where there 

has been no dispute between the parties as to the 

amount of the debt. Where there has been dispute, 

and the debtor sends a check for a smaller amount 

than the creditor has contended was due, with a notation 

on like that under discussion, the creditor, if he 

accepts it, is done. The law says then that the parties

44 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER luly 9. 1920 

have made in effect a compromise agreement which 

must stand. Here is the law on those cases: 

Where a claim is unliquidaed or in dispute, payment and 

acceptance of a less sum than claimed in satisfaction operates 

as accord and satisfaction as the rule that the receiving 

of a part of the debt due, under an agreement that the same 

shall be in full satisfaction, is no bar to an action to recover 

the balance—does not apply where the claim is disputed 

or unliquidated. In such case each party agrees to 

take (or receive) a sum different from his claim, so there 

is mutual consideration. 

Buy For Needs Only 

The action of the Federal Reserve Banking System 

and bankers generally to curtail all loans which are 

not made to finance necessities was commended by 

Arthur J. Morris, the founder of the Morris Plan. 

Mr. Morris said that the present nation-wide movement 

was entirely in line with the policy originally 

adopted by the Morris Plan and closely adhered to 

ever since its inception 10 years ago. 

The 103 Morris Plan banks and companies throughout 

the United States are continuing to do an everincreasing 

volume of business in loans for useful purposes 

and ineeonomically financing the time payment 

sales of retail dealers. 

No loans are ever made on the Morris Plan unless 

they are to meet some important needs, such as to 

cover the expenses of illness, to satisfy necessary 

debts or to buy household necessities or homes or 

money-saving value. As often explained, all of our 

other property which represent immediate needs and 

loans, and they now amount to a total of more than 

$160,000,000, must be made for a remedial or constructive 

purpose. And this same policy is rigidly 

adhered to by all of our banks and companies in 

financing the time-payment sales of retail dealers 

through retail trade acceptances. 

As we say in our advertisements featuring retail 

dealers in this city, "The Morris Plan Co. will not 

finance any purchaser who does not have an actual 

need of the article purchased nor who does not have 

a sufficient earning power to justify his outlay." We 

urge purchasers always to pay cash if they can in 

preference to using the Morris Plan, but if it is absolutely 

necessary that they purchase an article and 

cannot readily pay the full cash price for it, why 

then the Morris Plan is at their service. 

Under no circumstances will we finance the purchase 

of anything which may be considered a luxury. 

Without any change whatsoever in our policy, we now 

find ourselves in the forefront of this very desirable 

movement to curb extravagance in every possible way. 

In reference to the country getting over the stringent 

condition now confronting it he said: "If the people 

will stop spending money and practice the same 

kind of economy and generally make the same kind 

of sacrifices as they did shortly after we entered the 

World War, the people themselves will avoid a financial 

crisis. They arose to the occasion in 1917; why 

not do it now and save themselves, as before they 

saved the world?" 

librarians. It will carry out its enlarged program in 

close co-operation with public libraries, library commissions 

and the special libraries associations. 

These agencies already have done much toward encouraging 

the use of technical books by the men and 

women who have the most to gain by reading them 

and will continue their endeavors indefinitely. These 

agencies, however, earnestly seek the support of every 

employer throughout the country, that the effort may 

successful. 

Books as Tools* 

By E. A. GOEWAY 

'T'HE American employer, still striving to overcome 

the many unusual business and financial conditions 

which have followed the war, is convinced that the 

most serious of his problems is a pronounced shortage 

of labor and a dearth of workers skillful to the point 

of high proficiency. 

The American employer soon must face a sharp 

foreign competition. However, qualitv rather than 

quantity will stabilize "Made in America" goods in 

the world's markets. To do this, he must obtain employees 

who tire thoroughly capable. 

Ho can he obtain this much-desired efficiency on 

the part of his employees ? 

There is no question that one solution of this difficulty 

points straight to the magic gateway to erudition—books. 

Already far-seeing heads of business institutions 

have in their plants special libraries of technical 

books for their workers and themselves, giving 

the most minute information upon the industry, and 

such books are in demand for the lunch hour and for 

reading at home. Several of the great commercial and 

business institutions have found the installation of a 

special library of technical books was a wise step. 

There still is a deplorable lack of good libraries in 

business houses, shops, mills and manufactories. The 

significant slogan should be: "Books for everybody." 

In the war the American Library Association supplied 

to men in service, both here and overseas, more 

than 7,000,000 books and now has an enlarged 

program. 

It is to encourage a larger use of the technical books 

now in the public libraries and to urge employers of 

labor in factories and plants to install special libraries 

of technical books for the use of their employees. It 

will endeavor to bring about the extension of the 

county library system into use in all parts of the 

country that the smallest hamlets may have the newest 

and best books. Publishers will be asked to print 

such standard American works, in the various foreign 

tongues, so that the immigrant can have this literature 

in the language which he will understand most easily. 

To carry out this enlarged program the American 

Library Association will raise a fund of $2,000 000 

not, however, by an intensive drive or campaign! but 

through the librarians, library trustees and friends of 

libraries. 

The American Library Association was organized 

44 years ago and has a membership of 4.000° acti-e 

•Director of Magazine Department American Library Associ :ion. 24 West 39th Street, New York City.


News of the 

TRADE ASSOCIATION 

66. 

J. A. Bennet with a net score of 71 won the guest 

prize, a handsome medal fob. 

Jake Weil, who had a gross score of 147 for the 18 

holes, won the Duffer's Cup. Captain E. W. Sanborn 

announced that Weil Bros, would have an ample supply 

pipe and fittings as the prize is made entirely of 

fittings. 

The members enjoyed luncheon and dinner at the 

club house. In the absence of President C. D. (Boots) 

Little who had just come out of the hospital after 

having undergone an operation, Captain Sanborn presided 

and distributed the prizes to the winners as per 

score sheet. 

MORNING QUALIFYING ROUND 

H. M. Algeo 55 

S. L. Wright 23 

H. E. Harper "1 

C. E. Bagnell +1 

Paul Blatchford -> 

Western Trade Golf Tournament 

at Olympia Fields 

Thirty-two Members and Guests Attend Second 

Meet of Season on June 30 

For the second time this year Olympia Fields Country 

Club extended the privilege of its grounds to the 

Western Trade Golf Association for the tournament 

on Wednesday, June 30. Thirty-two members and 

guests were out for the sport. Many of the "regufars" 

were obliged to pass up the tournament because 

the annual picnic of the 

Chicago Master Steam Fitters' 

Association was held 

the same day, but a sufficient 

number were on 

hand to make the day and 

the play enjoyable. 

The chief interest was 

centered in the contest between 

Joseph F. Carroll 

and William Devine, Jr., 

who tied for the association 

cup at the initial meet 

last month. This event 

aroused considerable enthusiasm 

for Joe who was 

congratulated on the honor 

c_' 

of winning the cup with a 

Captain 

Sanborn 

net of 81 for the 18 holes 

to 87 for his opponent. Joe twice before winning the 

honor of having his name placed on the cup, the trophy 

is now his permanently. Bill who holds his handicap 

proved a good loser and will be a strong contender 

for the new cup. The despised "Lindy Leaguers," 

who are showing improved form it is freely predicted 

will shortly come into their own. 

The first winner to place his name on the new association 

cup is Tom Barnes of Mansfield, Ohio, with 

the good gross score of 82, or 10 above par for the 

course. His handicap of 16 gave him a net score of 

7 

J. A. Bennett 

44 

T. C. Kenney 50 

C. R. Elliott 50 

R. C. Flinder 46 

M. J. (>arniecki 

4 Wm. Devine, Jr 

Harold Cross 

° 

50 

&J 

Frank S. Crumley 54 

E. W. Sanborn 

Peter M. Munn 

51 

59 

A. S. Lindeblad 

6 ; 

H. A. Craig ^ 

C. Taylor 

T. L. Lewis 

R. M. Nelson 

• 

 

^* 

°" 

H. A. Shaw t\ 

H. M. Sedgwick 

L. Bruce Fulton 

50 

" 

L. E. Wallace 

E. L. Dawes 

Ben Weil 

T. M. Weil 

H. P. Mason 

5_ 

2_ 

» 

f, 

4b 

FIRST FLIGHT 

Gross Handicap Net 

M T. Czarniecki (winner) 

H. P. Mason 

Wm. Devine, Jr 

97 

91 

119 

20 

12 

30 

77 

79 

89 

Jos. F. Carroll 

SECOND FLIGHT 

T. Barnes (cup winner) 82 16 66 

97 16 81 

R. C. Flinder (winner) 

E. L. Dawes 

L. Bruce Fulton 

96 

}07 

10' 

21 

30 

29 

/S 

77 

78 

THIRD FLIGHT 

H. Craig (winner) 93 18 75 

T. A. Bennett (guest prize) 

Paul Blatchford 

C. R. Elliott 

FOURTH FLIGHT 

S. L. Wright (winner) J07 26 81 

87 

102 

4 

1« 

16 

20 

18 

/l 

W 

86 

F S. Crumley 

E. W. Sanborn 

H. M. Algeo 

'. 

15 30 

100 18 . 

Did not hmsh 

85 

82 

FIFTH FLIGHT 

T. C. Kennedy (winner) 98 28 70 

L. E. Wallace 

H. M. Sedgwick 

1»J 

9 

f S 

4 H. M. Sedwick 95 14 

| 

81 

R. R. Sterling 

SIXTH FLIGHT 

Peter Munn (winner) JI? 30 8, 

A. S. Lindebled 

99 

\ 

16 83 

2 \ 30 91 

Harold Cross ,Q ue 

H. E. Harper 

SEVENTH FLIGHT 

C. C. Bagnell (guest) 87 6 81 

R. L. Ottke (guest) 

 

» " », 

T. A. Lewis (guest) 

C. Taylor (guest) 

93 IS " 

1 EIGHTH FLIGHT 

~ 

qc 15 79 

H. Shaw (winner) »' £ 103 

B. Weil ,,, 30 117 

T. M. Weil 

R. M. Nelson (guest) 

\f. 

ui 

f0 

M 

m 

The following were unanimously elected to membership: 

Cephas Taylor, Jr.. A. M. Byers Co.; Ben Weil, 

J M Weil and Martin Weil, Weil Bros.; R. M. Nelson, 

Sloan Valve Co.; Thomas P. Wade, Wade Iron 

Sanitary Mfg. Co.; R. L Ottke, Standard Sanitary 

Mfg. Co.; Eugene Murray, Ohio Brass Co., and Kicliard 

Collings, formerly with the American Pin Co. 

A unanimous vote of thanks was tendered to H. M. 

Craig and the Board of Directors of the Olympia 

Fields Country Club. 

The next meet will be held the latter part of July.

46 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 9, 1920 

Chicago Steam Fitters' 

Dease made the best score in the golf putting contest, 

and Harry Hart shelled more pease than his rivals. 

Romp at Ravinia 

George Ruud was the most expert at quoits, and the 

steam fitters relay team led the salesmen to the tape. 

Sixth Annual Outing Enjoyed by Several Hundred Members 

The many handsome prizes were presented to the 

and Guests on Wednesday. June 30 

winners by George Kirk, and everybody was ready 

A perfect day and a beauty spot of the North Shore, for the chow call, which was sounded immediately. 

Ravinia Park, was the irresistable combination that An excellent chicken dinner was served in the Casino, 

drew several hundred members and guests of the after which many motored home, while music lovers 

Chicago Master Steam Fitters' Association to the sixth remained te hear tho opera "Lucia" given by well 

annual outing, June 30. 

known grando pera stars assisted by the Chicago 

Nearly a hundred cars lined up in Lincoln Park, Symphony orchestra. 

and were gayly decorated with American flags and 

blue and white pennants, and everybody was given Honor for Isaac J. Brown 

badges and programs of the day's events. The au 

Loyalty to the National Association 

tomobile committee headed by Charles Lamb found 

of Master Plumliers Recognized 

seats for everyone, and got the long procession started Seldom is a more substantial tribute paid to sterling 

for the hour's drive along the Lake Shore and through qualities of character and competence than was paid 

the Chicago suburbs. 

by Frank B. Lasette as president of the National Association 

of Master Plumbers to Isaac J. Browne, 100 

West Eightieth Street, New York City, in his appointment 

as treasurer of that body to fill the vacancy 

caused by the death of the treasurer, John Trainor, of 

Baltimore. 

The loyalty of Mr. Brown to the association and 

its interest all recognize and none are better qualified 

to judge of his superior business talents than his 

legion of association friends. 

Here was a matter that required in its adjustment 

the highest regard for the late treasurer, the service 

Picnic lunches were disposed of promptly, and at 

1:30 the rival ball teams lined up to play "indoor 

baseball" outdoors, with Cragin pitching and Lavalle 

catching for the steam fitters, and Foster and Doherty 

doing similar dutv for the salesmen. The umpires 

were Dugger and Lamb. Glennon and Casey keeping 

the water pail filled and Powers and Brady official 

scorers. 

Jim Doherty led off for the salesmen and lifted the 

second ball pitched into the left garden for a three 

bagger. Foster doubled and scored on Scudder's single, 

the latter breezing home on an infield tap. The 

steam fitters went out in order in their half, and Cragin 

gave the salesmen the same deal in the second. 

Affeldt singled in the second, scoring on Usher's hit, 

who came home when Gawne singled, giving the 

steam fitters two tallies. 

Doherty opened the third with a homer into deep 

center, which brought loud cheers from the salesmen's 

section. They annexed another in the fourth, while 

the steam fitters failedt o score. But with the score 

•5 to 2 against them, thes team fitters manufactured a 

run in the fifth on a base on balls and two stolen bases 

A single by Flynn, a double by Tom Douglas and 

singles by Gawne and Gemeny brought in three runs 

m the sixth, while Haas blanked the salesmen in their 

half. Weil hit for a single, and road home on the circuit 

clout of L. R. Taylor, making two runs, and the 

score 7 to 6 in the salesmen's favor. Their triumph 

was short lived for the steam fitters came back and 

put over three runs during their turn at bat, which 

entitled them to the silver loving cup. 

The athletic games were started by O. D. Steele 

Joe Storey as umpire, George Kirk as recorder Wilham 

Benoit and R. J. Madigan at the finish line 

Children s foot races were held, then a potato race 

egg and spoon race, ball throwing and nail driving 

tests for ladies. 

b 

Roger Kilby led the field in the 100-yard dash for 

steam fitters, Tom Douglas second, while Doherty led 

the salesmen to the tape. In the finals between the 

winners of the two foregoing races Roger Kilby finished 

first. Kratz won in the sack race and Deland 

touched the tape first in the hopping race. For the 

three-legged race Lavelle and Elwood established a 

record with Usher and Anderson close seconds. F 

Isaac J. Brown 

of a man of sound financial standing and a keen insight 

into the association's accounting to bring, in the 

brief time available, a report to the annual convention 

which would shed further honor on a trusted member 

and place at his disposal a complete knowledge of 

every detail of its affairs. 

The splendid service of Mr. Brown is now a matter 

of record. ' A tribute was paid by his friends in 

nominating him for election as treasurer and again 

Mr. Brown showed his fine spirit in withdrawing in 

tavor of Richard T. Welch, with whom he had worked 

in many conventions. 

There will never be a eall from the association for


Service which Mr. Brown can render that will go 

unheard by him and it will "be a pleasure to the members 

to have recalled this work in an emergency unostentatiously 

done by a man of known standing. 

To allow it to pass unnoticed is to fail in appreciation. 

Plumbers' New National Headquarters 

A letter from D. F. Durkin, Jr., president of the 

National Association of Master Plumbers, informs us 

that the headquarters of the association is located 

at 108 South Twentieth Street, Philadelphia, Pa., in 

charge of John Whitaker, executive clerk, and that 

those who have any business with the association may 

bring it to attention at the headquarters. 

Massachusetts' Master Plumbers 

to Hold Annual Outing 

Committee Appointed to Arrange for Affairs to Be Held 

the Latter Part of August 

The Massachusetts Master Plumbers' Association 

is arranging for its annual outing which will probably 

be held some time the latter part of August. 

A committee consisting of E. W. Cox, J. Preston 

Perham, both former presidents of the association, and 

J. Wilbur Thompson, the present president, has been 

appointed to have the matter in charge. 

Patterson Master 

Plumbers' Association 

Large Attendance and Great Interest Shown 

at Open Meeting 

On Wednesday, June 28, State Organizer William 

F. Beck, Orange, N. J., visited the Master Plumbers' 

Association at Paterson, N. J., at the time of its regular 

meeting. He was accompanied by V. P. Christofferson 

and after Mr. Beck had explained the blanket 

bond for liability insurance and many other matters of 

interest to the association including some report about 

the convention in Pittsburgh, Mr. Christofferson was 

introduced. 

He spoke in detail of the things which the state association 

had done for the plumbers of New Jersey in 

having their compensation insurance rate reduced and 

through this feature it had increased its membership. 

The meeting was largely attended by members and 

in view of the character of information that was to be 

presented, it was an open meeting and a great deal of 

interest was shown so that there is hope of making 

Paterson an association with a 100 per cent, membership. 

Heating and Piping Contractors 

of Boston Hold Outing 

Party Enjoys Sail Down Boston Harbor to Pemberton 

Where Dinner Was Served and Games Played 

The Heating and Piping Contractors' Association, 

Inc., Boston, Mass., held its mid-summer outing at 

Pemberton, on Tuesday, June 29, members gathering 

for the hour's sail down Boston Harbor during the 

early morning and the return being made in the late 

afternoon. A few of the members motored down over 

the 30-mile trip. 

Arriving at the Pemberton Inn grounds, the timehonored 

baseball game between the members and the 

supply houses was staged. The position of referee 

was a difficult one and it took several persons with 

plenty of backing to carry the work through to success. 

When the smoke cleared away, the members 

were found to be the victors with a score of 16 to 11 

in their favor. Their success was admitted at the start 

of the game when it was found that the same battery 

that won the match last year had been secured for the 

contest, M. E. Chase pitching, while Ex-president 

Frank A. Merrill was on the receiving end. Thzy 

have already been engaged for the same work next 

season and have been assured a job just as long as 

they continue to keep the association's team on the 

winning end. 

After the game, most of those present shook the 

dust of the field from their persons by a cool swim 

in the big pool. 

There were about 25 members, jobbers and allied 

trades members including the sheet metal men, covering 

men, specialty men and the boiler manufacturers, 

who sat down to the excellent dinner in the 

balcony of the semi-open dining room. President 

James W. Woodward of the association, of the firm 

of Lynch & Woodward, was toastmaster, and the 

speaking which was wholly informal, was given by 

some of the allied trades members including John H. 

Towle, boiler representative for H. B. Smith & Co.; 

John Lynch, Hodge Boiler Works; John Slattery, 

Crane Co., and George Elliot, Walworth Mfg. Co. 

All touched upon the benefits of association work and 

frequent gatherings of the members. 

"Sandy" Chapman furnished entertainment during 

the dinner, assisted by talent from the cabaret and 

dancing girls of the Inn. Many clever "stunts" were 

also arranged by the committee. In one of these, 

Ex-President Frank A. Merrill was arrested by Ex- 

Patrolman Kelleher of the Boston police force acting 

as a liquor enforcement officer. The stunt was cleverly 

worked and Merrill was able to secure bail from the 

members and was allowed to complete his stay with 

the party. Then a telegram arrived stating the alleged 

"liquor" was found to be ginger ale. 

President Woodward was considerably surprised 

when a live goat was lead into the balcony by two bellhops 

and presented to him from the association. It 

developed that the goat had been purchased on Cape 

Cod the previous day and taken to the Inn in an auto, 

the cushions of the back of the car showing the rough 

usage to which the goat had put them. After some 

coaxing and rapid stepping, President Woodward was 

able to lead the goat from the balcony and to take 

it home with him by auto. 

F. S. Cleghorn, cleverly disguished as an Italian 

animal trainer, with H. E. Whitten as the bear, gave 

a brief entertainment and it was several minutes before 

they were recognized by their closest friends. 

The affair was in charge of a committee consisting 

of F. S. Cleghorn, Elmer L. Sollis and Fuller C. Scofield, 

ably assisted by Secretary C. W. Sisson.

48 

METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

New England 

Plumbing Inspectors 

July 9, 1920 

Entertainment Program Outlined for Gathering 

Canobie Lake Park, Salem, N. H., to Be Scene of Picnic with 

at Battle Creek, July 16 and 17 

Semi-Annual Meeting at Lawrence, Mass. 

The New England Association of Plumbing Inspectors 

will hold its semi-annual meeting and outing 

at Canobie Lake Park, Salem, N. H., Thursday, July 

15, with the business session at Lawrence, Mass., preceeding 

the automobile ride to the park. 

The members will gather at the Lawrence City Hall 

and after the business session will play their annual 

baseball game at Canobie Park and indulge in other 

sports. Dinner will be served at I p. m. 

Maurice Hirschstein, Joseph Hirschstein, and William G. 

Solomon of Josam Mfg., Co., Michigan City, Ind., at 

Entrance to Motor Square Garden, Pittsburgh, Where 

They Made an Exhibit During tlie Plumbers' Convention. 

Proceedings of Heating and 

Ventilating Engineers 

The members of the American Society of Heating 

and Ventilating Engineers are receiving the volume 

No. 25 of the Proceedings of the society for the year 

1919, which occupies 432 pages. The delay in its 

appearance has been due to the conditions which have 

prevailed in the printing trade for some time back. 

Doubtless it will be studied by the members with 

some interest inasmuch as it treats of many interesting 

things. Not least important to the heating industry 

at the present time is the information about the 

effect of humidity upon health and comfort in the 

home. Tlie ideas brought out in the discussion of humidity 

are that the average man, woman or child encounters 

the conditions which produce diseases in his 

own home rather than in the places where a multitude 

of people assemble. 

The proceedings of the society for many years have 

been used as text books in schools and many libraries 

realize their value and provide them for the benefit 

of their patrons. Tliis year there is a very considerable 

amount of valuable information and as the book 

can be procured by those who are not members of the 

society, the information they contain is open to the 

entire industry. 

The book i.s issued from the society's headquarters, 

29 West Thirty-ninth Street. New York Citv. 

Michigan Sheet Metal 

Contractors Outing 

Through the courtesy of State Secretary F. E. Ederle, 

1121 Franklin Street, S. E., Grand Rapids, 

Mich., the following program is presented for the fifth 

annual outing of the Michigan Sheet Metal Contractors' 

Association, to be held in Battle Creek on Friday 

and Saturday, July 16 and 17. 

Friday morning will be taken up with the registration 

and reception at the Post Tavern. At 1.30 p. m. 

a sightseeing trip will start, visiting Camp Custer, 

Battle Creek Sanitarium and the Kellogg Corn Flake 

Co., where special guides will be provided. In the 

evening there will be a banquet at the Post Tavern, 

dancing in the Bridge Room and cards in the Blue 

Room. 

Saturday at 9.00 o'clock tliere will be a baseball 

game on the league grounds at Goguac Lake. Employees 

of Kalamazoo and of Battle Creek will battle 

for the supremacy. Boating, bathing and other entertainment 

at the lake will be provided. At noon a 

lunch will be served by the Battle Creek Association 

to its guests. At 1.30 p. m. there will be a vaudeville 

entertainment, followed by general sports and at 

.3.30 a ball game will be played between a team selected 

from Lansing, Saginaw and Flint, with Albert 

Klopf as team captain, and a team from Battle Creek, 

Kalamazoo and Jackson, with James Shouldice as captain. 

This game is to decide the ownership of the loving 

cup now held by Saginaw. Only active members 

residing in these cities will be allowed to participate 

in the game. 

Visitors are requested to register early and get 

badges whieli will enable them to participate in all 

of the entertainments. The committees in charge are 

under Williani Lusk as general chairman. The banquet 

committee is composed of Mr. and Mrs. William 

Lusk; entertainment committee—Mr. and Mrs. C. Jensen, 

Mr. and Mrs. F. E. Ederle and Mr. and Mrs. 

James Shouldice; reception committee—Mr. and Mrs. 

George Lowder> Mr. and Mrs. Guy Fitzgerald, Mr. 

and Mrs. John Darlington, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Ruele 

and Mrs. Frank Walters; finance committee—M. L. 

Jones and John Darlington; hotel reservation committee—L. 

Parrish, C. H. Ederle and Lon Shouldice. 

Accompanying the program and invitation is a copy 

of the 1920 roster of the active and auxiliary members, 

in which President F. T. Daly takes opportunity 

to explain the use of the roster to increase the acquaintance 

of the membership and the efficiency of the 

association. It gives not only the officers of the association 

and the list of the members, but also the list 

of the members of the auxiliary association composed 

of salesmen with their addresses and the house they 

represent. It gives the example of the overhead expense 

of a three-man shop and also the cost of four 

squares of 40-lb. tin roofing as shown by A. B. Lewless 

at the Saginaw convention. It points out that the 

next state convention will be held in Flint in 1921

July 9, 1920 METALWORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 49 

Will Sheet Metal Men 

Drive Their Industry? 

Sheet Metal and Roofing Contractors 

Suggestions in Article Approved by Members of Baltimore 

The article by the above head which appeared in 

the July 2 issue of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER ANO 

STEAM FITTER contained such practical information 

and valuable suggestions for the sheet metal contractor 

that the copy sent to the Sheet Metal and Slag 

Roofing Contractors' Association of Baltimore was 

read at its meeting on May 27. The letter from Secretary 

J. E. La Mottee is given below and needs no 

further comment. 

This article should prove of value to every sheet 

metal man and, if you have not read it, get a copy of 

the July 2 issue and turn to page 3. 

THE SHEET METAL AND SLAG ROOFING CON 

TRACTORS' ASSOCIATION OF BALTIMORE 

SF.CRETARY'S OFFICE 

407 West Lombard Street 

Baltimore, Md. 

June 3, 1920. 

Mr. Frank K. Chew, Editor 

Metal Worker, Plumber and Steam Fitter 

243 West 39th St., New York City. 

Dear Sir:—Your letter addressed to W. A. Fingles under 

date of May 24th, together with the paper entitled 

"Will Sheet Metal Men Drive Their Industry," was read 

at the meeting of this association on May 27. 

I take pleasure in stating that in the opinion of the 

members of our association the suggestions as outlined 

therein are indeed practical, and if followed out, would 

greatly help in the advancement of the trade, and be a 

great factor in producing more efficiency among the craft. 

Acting, therefore, on that part of your article which 

suggests cutting clippings from trade journals, and gathering 

other information which might be of interest to the 

association and reading same at our meetings, not only 

on subjects pertaining to our craft, but on other questions 

having to do with progressive business methods in 

other fields; this association has appointed a committee 

to be known as "The Driving Committee," personnel of 

which is Charles T. Brandt, Joseph E. Watkins, G. E. 

Strobel, and Charles E. Weems. 

The duty of this committee will be to gather information 

as outlined above and devise means of Driving The 

Sheet Metal Business Ahead. 

It might be of interest to you to know that we have an 

answer as to the practicability of your suggestion in one 

of our own members who does all his own pattern drafting. 

He gained his knowledge of this art, when as a 

boy serving his apprenticeship, he cut patterns out of 

trade journals and applied them to practical every-day 

use, together with earnest thought and study, which if 

rightly pursued always leads to the top in every profession. 

Permit me in closing to state, we think your article well 

written, full of much useful information, and thank you 

for the opportunity of presenting it so clearly before the 

members of this association. 

Very respectfully yours, 

(Signed) J. E. LA MOTTEE, Secretary. 

National Association of Waste 

Material Dealers 

Hold Quarterly Meeting at Hotel Astor, 

New York City, June 15, 16 and 17 

The quarterly meeting of the National Association 

of Waste Material Dealers, which includes in its 

membership dealers ill rags, paper, rubber, waster, 

scrap metal and by-products, was held at the Hotel 

Astor, New York City, on June 15, lu and 17. President 

F. W. Reidenbach requested the co-operation of 

the daily press in designating those engaged in this 

trade as waste material dealers rather than junkmen, 

since the aggregate annual business of this essential 

industry now totaled almost one billion dollars and 

the tradesmen were entitled to a more dignified term. 

The Metal Division inserted an additional clause 

under "Delivery" in the present metal classification, 

and changes in item No. 20. Also items No. 30 and 

31, regarding Monel metal scrap and turnings, were 

added. 

The Scrap Iron Division deferred action on the 

controversy between the Pacific Coast dealers and 

the railroads in reference to what is or what is not 

entitled to be classified as scrap iron, until a later 

meeting to be held in the middle west. 

THE TOURISTS IN PACKARD 

To the recent Convention of the National Association 

of Sheet Metal Contractors at Peoria; John H. 

Gunther, Harry Guenther, E. P. Gunther and R. 

E. Cooney, Ir.. of W. F. Zeller Co. 

Engineering Advertisers' Assoeiation 

Discuss Photo Engraving 

At the recent meeting of the Engineering Advertisers' 

Assoeiation at the Hotel LaSalle, Chicago, 

Louis Flader, Commissioner of American 

Photo Engraving Assoeiation, gave an interesting 

talk on the subject of photo engraving. Mr. 

Flader's business career has been devoted almost 

exclusively to the engraving field, and a better 

posted man on that subject would be hard to find. 

The Engineering Advertisers' Association will 

rest during July and August; the next regular 

meeting will be held on Sept. 14. 


ALL THE TRADES 

PERSONAL NOTES 

PRESIDENT O. A. HOFFMAN, of the Milwaukee Association 

of Sheet Metal Contractors, accompanied by 

Mrs. Hoffman and Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Stoltz. is

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 9, 1920 

distribution is due to their high grade and quality, 

finish and service and tliis service, it is said, proves 

their worth. Tliis is the claim that is made by the 

Quakertown Stove Works, Quakertown, Pa., which 

has. since July 19. 1917. continued the business formerly 

conducted under the name of Roberts, Winner 

& Co. As yet the stove trade throughout the country 

is not thoroughly aware of the change and new name. 

This is due to the fact that many stoves still have the 

name of the old concern, but their repairs and the 

new line under the name Beechwood all come from 

the Quakertown Stove Works. 

The company states that it has reorganized its selling 

force and is now working on an efficient basis, 

with the result that 80 per cent, of this year's production 

was sold in the first five months and the produet 

is being distributed over a territory which includes 

Xew York State, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland. 

Delaware and the District of Columbia, so that 

it is growing wider in its scope. 

It is claimed that the maintenance of the high 

quality of tlie Beechwood line through uncertainty of 

labor, scarcity of material and shipping difficulties has 

resulted in establishing in the trade a faith in the 

Beechwood goods and the company that manufactures 

them. This faith has brought an increased demand 

for the Beechwood line with the result that in order 

to maintain the efficient and sincere service, the com 

pany has had to enlarge its plant and has now under 

construction a new building which will take care of 

the shipping, warehouse and the office, and whieli will 

be two stories in height. 42 ft. G in. wide x 147 ft. in 

lengtli. This conipany is also building an enameling 

plant 38 x 110 ft.. This will enable the company to 

meet the demand that has grown up for enameled 

ranges and stoves. 

HEATING AND PLUMBING 

THE BUFFALO FORGE Co., Buffalo, N. Y., has again 

been entertaining the sales staff and in the week of 

June 22-25 there were several papers read and discussed, 

including one on "The Design of Galvanized 

Ducts with Special Reference to Factory Heating," 

by L. C. McClanahan; one by H. F. Gremmel 

on the "Buffalo-Klein System of Heating"; one 

by B. R. Andrews on "The Dryjeetor"; one by CA. 

Roth on "Types and Characteristics of Multiblade 

Fans." H. P. Gant, Philadelphia, had a paper on 

"Sewage Pump Installations," and Robert W. 

Pryor, Jr., had a paper on "Buffalo Apparatus in 

Paper Mills." One discussion in which the boys 

were interested was by Miss Lillian Greene of the 

bookkeeping department on the Proper Distribution 

of Commissions. 

THE SYRACUSE VAPOR HEAT CO., Syracuse, N. Y., 

manufacturer of heating equipment, has increased 

its capital stock from $10,000 to $75,000. 

THE IRON CITY PIPE & FITTINGS CO, a co-operative 

merchants' sanitary pipe works, commenced operations 

in Birmingham, Ala, on June 22. The 

Birmingham Pipe & Fittings Co. will commence 

operations during the week. 

THE LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO, Troy, N. Y, a New 

Jersey corporation, manufacturer of high pressure 

valves, hydrants, etc, lias increased its capital stock 

from $1,000,000 to $1,300,000. 

THE WALL PUMP & MFG. CO, Quincy, 111, has been 

organized by George A. Wall, formerly associated 

with the Gardner Governor Co, Quincy, to manufacture 

vacuum pumps, presses and other specialties. 

THE PETROLEUM HEAT & POWER Co, Stamford, 

Conn, has been given a permit to go ahead witli its 

one-story, 50 x 100-ft. foundry. 

WILLIAM J. OLVANY has purchased the four-story 

brick building at 100 Charles Street, New York 

City, and, on July 1, he moved the heating and ventilating 

business into fine new quarters. For 20 

years he has been in business in the same neighborhood. 

He lias fitted up the basement as a pipe 

storage and pipe cutting and threading shop, 

equipped with motor-driven machines. The front 

of the first floor is fitted up as an office for comfortable 

working and plenty of light. The rear 

part is arranged with bins 'for fittings and brass 

goods. Mr. Olvany has done the work in many 

schools and in fitting industrial buildings and remodeling 

old systems of piping. He has a good 

working plant and establishment. 

THE SANDUSKY-PORTLAND CEMENT Co, Syracuse, 

Ind, is spending $150,000 in equipping its plant 

for the manufacture of cement from limestone instead 

of marl. 

THE PACIFIC PORCELAIN WARE CO, 67 New Montgomery 

Street, San Francisco, has had plans prepared 

for a new plant at Fifteenth and Nevin 

Streets, Richmond, Cal, to consist of five one-story 

buildings. The machinery installation will comprise 

die-making machinery, presses, drying equipment, 

etc. 

THE CRANE CO, 636 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 

manufacturer of valves, steam specialties, etc, 

is having preliminary plans prepared for a new 

pipe shop at Twenty-fourth Street and the Allegheny 

Valley Railroad, Pittsburgh. 

THE BRILLIANT CHANDELIER MFG. CO, New York, 

has been incorporated with a capital stock of $50 - 

000 by M. Brilliant, A. Drutman and M. Propp 

122 West 114th Street, to manufacture gas and 

electric fixtures. 

THE NORTHERN HEATING & ENGINEERING CO. has 

opened offices and display rooms at 271 Middle 

Street and 246 Federal Street, Portland, Maine. 

The company is backed by Portland capital and 

handles heating, plumbing and cooking appliances 

F. William Eichholtz, who was formerly with the 

engineering department of a furnace company is 

in charge of the engineering department Harry 

Eastman, formerly head of the T. F. Foss & Sons 

stove company and the Portland Stove Foundry Co 

is in charge of the service department. 

THE COLE-PHELPS HEATING CO, Holyoke, Mass has 

been incorporated with a capital of $50,000 Vh 

directors are: President, Edwin Q. Cole 

urer, John P. Phelps, 137 Pleasant Street 

oke; clerk, M. D. Pomeroy. 

treas- 

Holy-


WILLIAM H. TONER & Co, plumbing contractors of 

Worcester, Mass, who have been located at 174 

Main Street for the past 10 years, have removed to 

larger quarters at 17 School Street, where they will 

be enabled to handle a larger stock of good to 

advantage. 

HALTER C. RICE, proprietor of the firm of Tucker & 

Rice, plumbing contractors of Worcester, Mass., is 

one of three business men of that city to purchase 

the Rice Building, with one exception the largest 

business block of that city, assessed for approximately 

$250,000. 

THE FIRST ISSUE OF A PAMPHLET entitled "Not All 

Hot Air," was recently published by the Matt 

Sproul Co, Sparta, 111., dealing in heating and 

plumbing goods and farm machinery. It presents 

in an attractive way the features of the Weir furnaces, 

Cole ranges and the other goods handled by 

the company and is interspersed with clever, witty 

comments. In conclusion the present personnel-of 

the business, which was established in 1867, is 

listed and in its fifty-odd years of experience is 

summarized as including 22 years with furnaces, 29 

years in plumbing, and 30 years with stoves and 

ranges. 

THOSE W H O ARE ENGAGED in manufacturing where 

furnaces are required for annealing, hardening, 

tempering and similar work will find in Catalog No. 

217, issued by W. S. Rockwell Co, 50 Church 

Street, New York City, illustrations and descriptions 

of the actual working equipment in use in a 

variety of industrial establishments for manufacuring 

an extensive variety of products. There is 

given that information about the furnaces and the 

fuel and the methods of operating which will be 

helpful in making a selection of equipment adapted 

for the work in hand. 

THE PRIDE OF AMERICA MFG. CO, 615-622 Reliance 

Building, Kansas City, Mo, is putting on the market 

a new heating apparatus in connection with the 

kitchen range designed to circulate hot water 

through radiators placed in the various rooms. A 

circular giving full particulars and showing the general 

construction is being sent to the trade. 

THOSE WHO WISH TO BE UP ON SHOP equipment will 

be interested in the circular devoted to the Snap-on 

socket wrenches and wrench sets, made by the Snapon 

Wrench Co, Milwaukee, Wis. It is claimed that 

five of these wrenches do the work of fifty. The 

wrench handles are of different style, including 

those of the brace key handle and offset type. They 

are made so that steel sockets for different size 

nuts can be readily placed on the handle or socket 

screws removed in the most convenient manner. 

Anybody who has occasion to use a socket wrench 

will find information that will show them how to do 

work expeditiously, reduce the weight of the tool 

kit and accomplish results. 

SPECIAL PLUMBING FITTINGS, made by the Blake Specialty 

Co., Rock Island, 111, are described and 

shown in a new catalog "G" of 68 pages just issued. 

It opens with Junior No-Back floor drains which 

are made in various styles, then come deep seal 

drains, adjustable drains, shower bath traps, offsets, 

bell traps, drum traps, tests tees, Y's, water 

heaters, ferrules, closet bends and combination 

bathroom fittings. The company states its policy 

as to sales satisfactory to customers, and urges that 

its experimental department be called upon by any 

who desire special assistance. 

A SPLENDID AID TO THE PLUMBER who is seeking to 

equip farms and suburban homes with water supply 

outfits is given in "Pump Pointers" presented 

in much the general style of the popular reading 

matter of the day and issued by the Vaile-Kimes 

Co, Dayton, Ohio. In the first part there is a very 

pertinent picture showing a farmer working a pump 

for watering the stock wliile looking at a picture of 

the Vaile-Kimes self-contained electric driven 

pumping outfit with pneumatic tanks and beside it 

is a map showing the number of advertisements of 

the V-K line that is going to the different states 

of the Union this spring. The remaining pages 

show the V-K outfit and also illustrations in kitchens, 

bathrooms and at farm homes making it clear 

that if this magazine is left with the farmer by the 

enterprising plumber, it will go a long way toward 

preparing him to place his order when the plumber 

comes around and gives an estimate of the cost. 

The company is ready to mail folders entitled, 

"Shallow Well Water Systems, Water from Deep 

Wells. Soft Water Comforts and Economy, and 

Complete Water Supply Systems" to those the 

plumber may designate as prospects and a list of 

which is sent to the company in Dayton. There 

is also a suggestion for a window display with the 

Vaile-Kimes water supply outfit in the rear and a 

bathtub near the front of the window with a child 

standing beside it issuing the invitation, "Please go 

away, I am going to take my bath." 

A CONVINCING PRESENTATION of dyehouse and bleacherv 

ventilation i.s presented in Catalog 721 issued 

by the Buffalo Forge Co, Buffalo, N. Y, with 

branches in different cities. The foreword states 

that it is dedicated to all dyehouse and bleachery 

owners and operators the world over. To show 

what can be done, halftones are made of photographs 

taken in a dyehouse of a woolen mill in New 

Hampshire at intervals of one minute. At the end 

of the fourth minute there ean be something seen, 

but previously the fog is such that no idea of what 

is in the building can be seen. In the sixth picture 

all the fog has vanished and the picture is as good 

a.s could be taken in any building under any conditions. 

Then there are pictures of other plants in 

which the Buffalo ventilation outfit has been installed, 

showing the character of the building, the 

work to be done, the piping and the character of the 

fan blast apparatus that is installed. It closes 

with a list of cotton, wool and silk establishments 

in which Buffalo equipped dyehouses and bleacheries 

are enjoyed. 

IT Is ENTIRELY TO WINDOW DISPLAYS that The Duro 

Pressure Gauge for June is devoted and shows 

that the Burnett-Larch Mfg. Co. is providing the 

plumber and contractor who is desirous of extending 

his business a character of ammunition which, if 

well used, is sure to bring home the profits. 

ANNOUNCEMENT IS MADE that the consolidation of 

Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co, Inc, and 

Dwight P. Robinson & Co, Inc., has been consum-

54 


mated under the name of Dwight P. Robinson & 

Co.- Inc, engineers and constructors, general offices 

125 East Forty-sixth Street, New York City, downtown 

office 61 Broadway. The officers of the company 

are: President, Dwight P. Robinson; vicepresident 

and treasurer, A. K. Wood; vice-president 

and manager of Chicago office, H. H. Kerr; otlier 

vice-presidents, T. N. Gilmore, I. W. McConnell, 

R. M. Henderson and L. H. Bean; secretary, W. 

L. Murray; directors, Paul D. Cravath, Thomas N. 

Gilmore, Homer Loring, Ira W. McConnell, John 

P. McGinley, Harry T. Peters, Dwight P. Robinson, 

Edward R. Tinker, and Arthur King Wood. 

Wrench and Drop Forging 

Plants Combined 

On April 2 the stockholders of J. H. Williams & 

Co, manufacturers of drop-forgings and drop-forged 

tools at Brooklyn and Buffalo, N. Y, and of The 

Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co, makers of twist drills, 

reamers, wrenches and drop-forgings at Akron, Chicago 

and St. Catharines, Ontario, ratified the agreement 

providing for the consolidation of the wrench 

and drop-forging plants and business of Whitman & 

Barnes at Chicago and St. Catharines with J. H. Williams 

& Co. The Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co. retain 

its twist drill and reamer business and will continue as 

an entirely separate organization and on an extended 

scale, the manufacture of these tools at Akron, Ohio. 

J. H. Williams & Co., it is claimed, has long been 

known as the largest manufacturers of drop-forgings 

and drop-forged tools in the world and one of the first 

to enter this field commercially. The business was 

founded in Flushing, L. I, as a partnership in 1882 

by James H. Williams and Matthew Diamond under 

the style of Williams & Diamond, later Williams & 

Brock. It located in Brooklyn in 1884, assumed its 

present name in 1887 and was incorporated in New 

York State in 1895. 

The company is widely and favorably known, not 

only for its special drop-forgings made to order, but 

also for the quality of its catalog product—Drop- 

Forged Wrenches, "Vulcan" Chain Pipe Wrenches 

and Vises, Lathe Dogs, Clamps and numerous other 

standard lines of drop-forged tools. Many of these 

were originated and patented by the company. At 

the successive World's Fairs at Chicago 1893, Paris 

1900, St. Louis 1904 and San Francisco 1915, the 

company's products, in each case, received the highest 

award in their field. 

The Brooklyn works employ about 750 persons, occupy 

two adjoining square blocks of city property, 

including the street between which is closed, and contain 

about 197,000 sq. ft. of floor space. In 1914 

the Buffalo works, an entirely new plant, began operation, 

now employing over 1,000 persons and comprising 

47 acres with about 233,000 sq. ft. of floor 

space. 

The Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co. was founded as 

a partnership in 1846 by Augustus Whitman and Alfred 

G. Page as Page, Whitman & Co. In 1868 the 

Akron factory was built and, in 1877, the business 

was combined with that of George Barnes & Co, 

Syracuse, N. Y, the enlarged concern assuming its 

present name—The Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co. The 

St. Catharines plant was acquired in 1882 and 11 

years later the Cliicago works were built. They now 

consist of 45 acres of land, with 320,000 sq. ft. of 

floor space and are connected by private trackage 

with four railroads, employing about 800 people. 

The St. Catharines works, manufacturing dropforgings 

to order and standard lines of drop-forged 

wrenches, pipe wrenches, adjustable wrenches of various 

styles, pliers, hammers, hatchets, swedges, etc, 

are located on the Welland Canal and obtain power 

therefrom. They occupy about 2 1 /_ acres with floor 

space of 35,000 sq. ft. The company owns some 6 

acres of additional property, which may be utilized 

in the near future for the erection of larger and improved 

facilities to care for the Canadian trade. This 

business has the distinction of having every jobbing 

house in the Dominion on its books. About 200 persons 

are now employed. 

Two of the works, that at Buffalo and the new 

forge shop, 500 x 100 ft, and 3,000 h. p. power house 

at Chicago are said to be the most up-to-date forging 

plants in the world, while those at Brooklyn and St. 

Catharines are admirably adapted to the tool-making 

end of the business. 

Through this consolidation of the four plants— 

Brooklyn, Buffalo, Chicago and St. Catharines—the 

ultimate geographical ideal for the service of customers 

has been attained. The merger also emphasizes 

the leading position of the company in the manufacture 

of drop-forgings and drop-forged tools. 

The company has been particularly fortunate in its 

relations with its men. Operating throughout its history 

on the principle of the highest wages in the industry 

for the most efficient work, supplemented, but 

not substituted, by expenses liberally incurred to provide 

the best possible working conditions, it has succeeded 

in establishing a relation of mutual confidence 

that has frequently been the subject of comment in 

the industrial ad social press. In 1912 this was the 

cause of an unsolicited visit from Theodore Roosevelt, 

followed by a special article by him in "The Outlook" 

on the subject. 

The Brooklyn factory in 1893 had the distinction 

of being the first factory in this country to provide 

shower baths for its workmen and again, in 1914, of 

leading its industry in the establishment of separate 

pension and life insurance systems for the direct benefit 

of its employees, and, of course, for the indirect 

benefit and satisfaction of its stockholders. 

The sales for the first five months of 1920 indicate 

that this will be the largest year in the company's 

history. All of the factories are far behind their 

orders in spite of increased production and permanent 

night shifts have been organized to help meet the 

demands of the trade. 

The business will continue to be operated by those 

who have been continuously identified heretofore with 

the business of J. H. Williams & Co. and with the 

Chicago and St. Catharines plants of The Whitman 

& Barnes Mfg. Co, the organization being as follows: 

President and managing director, J. Harvey Williams; 

vice-president, A. D. Armitage; secretary and 

treasurer, W. A. Watson; controller, R. S. Baldwingeneral 

sales manager, F. W. Trabold; Eastern district 

sales manager, A. S. Maxwell; Western district


sales manager, W. E. Rowell; Buffalo district sales 

manager, J. C. Cotter; Detroit district sales manager, 

A. M. Thompson; publicity manager, Hugh Aikman; 

general works manager, Capt. W. N. McMunn; chief 

engineer, Willard Doud; superintendet Brooklyn divisio, 

R. J. Smith; superintendent Buffalo division, 

T. F. Du Puy; superintendent Chicago division, 

lon; general traffic managed, J. B. Payne, and Canadian 

manager, W. J. Elliott. 

Fuel Oil Burner for House 

Heating Installations 

An even, intense heat without ashes, smoke and accompanying 

inconveniences is available for househeating 

plants where warm air, steam or hot water 

are the heating mediums, by means of what is known 

as the "Cleveoil" burner using fuel oil or kerosene, 

made by the Cleveland Gas Burner and Appliance 

Co., 3702 Superior Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 

The burner is generally placed so that the bottom of 

Cleveoil Fuel Oil Burner. 

the goose neck rests upon the bottom ledge of the firedoor 

opening, and the tank and pump are placed 

preferably some distance away. 

To operate the equipment the tank is filled with 

oil, the valve on the water-supply line to the hydropneumatic 

pump is opened, allowing the water pressure 

to operate pump. When the pressure reaches 35 

lbs. the pump ceases operation and starts again when 

the pressure gets below 25 lbs. The waste water is 

drained off into the sewer line. By opening the 

valve in the oil line, oil is forced through the feed 

line to the penetrator. The burner is then ready for 

priming, and where artificial or natural gas is not 

available a wood alcohol primer is used and is placed 

on the four center burner heads so that when lighted 

the flame plays directly upon the generator tubing. 

From 4 to 5 min. is required for priming and heating 

the generator. 

The valve handle controlling the vapor valve is then 

opened, which allows the vapor to flow into the goose 

neck of the manifold and then into the burner heads. 

The manifold is so designed that an equal amount of 

pre-mixed vapor is supplied to each of the burner 

heads. 

The company points out that the cost of operation 

depends upon the efficiency of the heating appliance, 

weather conditions and judicious operations, and that 

under the severest weather conditions a burner with 

ten heads, operating on 25-lb. tank pressure, should 

consume only 4 pts. of fuel oil or kerosene per hour. 

Gorton Quarter Turn Packing 

Lock Valves 

The lieating contractor will be interested in the 

32-page booklet devoted to the Gorton quarter turn 

packing lock valves adapted for steam, hot water, 

vapor and vacuum heating, made by the Gorton & 

Lidgerwood Co, 96 Liberty Street, New York City. 

The first illustration shows the ease with which 

these valves to a radiator can shut off the steam supply 

to it with the foot rather than stooping over and 

making several turns with the hand. This is pointed 

out as a means to a great economy because opening 

the window to get relief from heat condenses steam 

or cools the heating medium, which means more coal 

in the apparatus, while giving the valve stem a turn 

with the foot accomplishes the same purpose so far 

as reducing heat is concerned and does it without 

effort or waste of fuel. 

Then the valve construction is unique in having the 

tapering plug or disc made of a composition material 

which has the same expansion and contraction properties 

as the valve body made of good metal, so that 

it does not stick or bind but lubricates itself and 

moves freely. Another feature is that through this 

tapering part of the valve there is an opening having 

the same area as the pipe connecting with the valve, 

so that its use insures the delivery of all of the heating 

medium which the piping connected with it brings 

to the valve and the radiator. 

Illustrations show the different styles and forms 

in which the valve is made and the styles used for 

different purposes. On one page is given the letter 

of a heating contraetor stating that he installed a 

70-ft, 3 column, 38 in. high radiator, using a 1-in. 

valve connected to a 1-in. steam pipe as an experiment 

and the radiator has been working perfectly 

ever since. Also that in overhauling a six-family 

apartment in which the same size valves were used 

for 50 ft. and 25 ft. radiators without getting the 

proper heat, the use of the Gorton valve of 1 in. 

size in the place of the old valve made the system 

work properly without changing the piping and a lot 

of work. 

On another page is a photograph of a sheet steel 

radiator of 280 ft. of surface, working fine with a iy2 

in. Gorton valve on a one pipe system. The last two 

pages give something of valve area and free passageway 

and a schedule for the size of valves to be used 

>n raditaors of different sizes for steam heating, for 

on 

v;i ;apor vacuum heating and for hot water heating. 

New Catalog on Wyckoff Wood Pipe 

Both plumbing and heating contractors will find interesting 

information in Catalog No. 42, issued by A.

.ili METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

Wyckoff & Sons Co, Elmira, N. Y, in the interest of 

the Wyckoff wood pipe for carrying water for waterwork 

systems, power plants, mills and manufacturing 

plants, mining and railroad water supplies and also in 

Wyckoff cypress steam pipe casing for underground 

steam and hot water piping. 

To convince of the enduring qualities of a wood 

water main, a section of the old New York main laid 

in 1798 is presented and then is shown wood log pipe 

and the modern stave pipe made up of sections held 

together by being bound by steel bands wound solidly 

around the staves. Halftone engravings show the 

actual laying of pipe with a substantial curve and 

where the stave pipe is carrying a pressure as high as 

130 lbs. per square inch exposed so that the conditions 

are extremely severe. Illustrations show the detail 

of the construction, making it perfectly clear that the 

pipe has both strength and qualifications to remain 

water tight. 

There are also shown sectional pictures and halftone 

engravings of the lead service pipes, corporation 

cocks, water gate valves, hydrants, and all of the fixtures 

required in connection with a waterworks system. 

Special valves are also shown for use with this 

kind of pipe as well as air and vacuum valves and 

special cast iron fittings into which the wood pipes can 

be securely connected. 

Half of the book is devoted to illustrations and description 

of the service secured by the improved steam 

pipe casing which keeps a steam or hot water heating 

pipe exposed in the ground or above the ground protected 

from the elements and also preventing the loss 

of heat. It consists of an inner shell of 2 inches, a 

black asphaltum packing, a dead air space and then a 

1-inch-thick outer shell. In addition to this information 

about its construction a good portion of the booklet 

is taken up with useful information for engineers 

who must provide water supply and heating pipe 

sy stems. 

July 9, 1920 

removed at convenience after the a.shes have cooled 

and there is is no danger of fire. The simplicity of 

the operation is made clear by a picture showing a 

child operating an outfit. 

The receivers are made in different styles for larger 

and smaller apparatus and the possession of the catalog 

is an excellent aid to the man who is enterprising 

and wishes to add to his business by handling a specialty 

that will have attractions for the owners of the 

best homes in his vicinity. 

The Imperial Super-Smokeless Boilers 

A great deal of useful information about a new 

type of smokeless boiler is presented in the loose leaf 

catalog issued by the Utica Heater Co, Utica, N. Y, 

to set forth the merits of the Imperial Super-Smokeless 

boiler, which is presented as the original single 

grate smokeless boiler for all fuels. The catalog presents 

a view of the company's new pant and is then 

devoted to enumerating the features of excellence of 

the Imperial Smokeless boiler' pointing out that the 

high and rapidly increasing fuel cost makes it imperative 

that a heating plant be selected which will 

reduce the cost of operation for the owner. 

Then there are shown the reasons why bituminous 

coal can be used and leave the flues perfectly clear, 

making no trouble in the chimney. The argument or 

Sharp Rotary Ash Receiver 

information is presented under a number of different 

heads and there are general and broken views to show 

the construction and operation. 

The boiler is interesting in some of its features inasmuch 

as the grate does not extend the entire distance 

but only part way, where there is a water curtain 

wliich also serves as an air heating passage. The 

cold fresh air is taken from each side of the boiler 

and heated in a chamber from whicli it is discharged 

at the surface of the burning fuel so that the hot air 

and the ignited gases mingle at a point where their 

combustion is completed and the flues of the boiler are 

filled with a clean burning gas. The boiler is of the 

vertical sectional type with the crown sheet arranged 

to present additional surface through an auxiliary 

hanging T-shaped crown piece in which the water is 

A convincing presentation of the advantages of the quickly heated for making steam or for sending it 

Sharp rotary ash receiver, made by the Sharp Rotary forth in a rapid circulation through a hot-water heat 

Ash Receiver Co., Binghamton, N. Y, is made in a ing system. 

pamphlet printed in two colors. It contains many A letter is reproduced from the Department of 

halftone engravings of fine residences in different Mechanical Engineering, University of Illinois, noting 

parts of the country in which this device has been in the clean character of the flues burning Illinois slack 

stalled in connection with the heating apparatus to and entitling the boiler to the name Smokeless. Then 

facilitate taking care of the waste and refuse from the are presented pictures of a number of buildings in 

fire and so handling the ashes as to avoid dust or which the boilers have been used, as well as pictures 

other annoyance. 

of the batteries of boilers that have been installed for 

the work. 

After 19 pages showing the views of fine buildings For the convenience of the contracting engineer 

and the heating apparatus used, there is presented a there are imitation blueprints on which dimensions 

drawing which makes the construction and operation are taken and then tables giving dimensions. An 

readily understood. It shows an outer chamber diother interesting feature is six pages containing lists 

vided into sections in which are sectional cans that of buildings in different cities with the size of the 

are arranged to receive ashes through an opening in boiler used in heating them, the location and the name 

the bottom of the ashpit of the lieating apparatus of of the heating contractor. 

whatever type used. Thus the ashes from the fire can The catalog is one that may well be used by the en 

be drawn into the receptacle and, when filled, it can terprising heating contractor to increase sales and to 

be swung around so that another empty one can be bring the boiler and its services to the attention of a 

put in its place. Then the filled receptacle can be prospective customer in an impressive way Thp i


formation it contains, the character of the illustrations 

and the general presentation is such as to give a 

substantial aid to the man who is out for more business. 

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES 

THE STATE DEPARTMENT, Washington. D. C, announces 

that Hungarians are calling at office of 

American Commissioner at Budapest in large numbers 

with view to emigration to United States, on 

June 21 number reaching 1,008. Statement reports 

that Budapest papers published announcement that 

all emigrants could obtain admission into L'nited 

States il' they have 50 and police certificate of good 

conduct. The Department states that this information 

is without foundation. 

As ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE BENEFIT derived from a 

visit to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York 

City, a recent publication issued by Richard T. 

Bach, in charge of the industrial art, states that a 

china painter studied Russian laces, a designer of 

dress fabrics saw possibilities in the armour collection 

and a paper soap wrapper design found its 

origin in snuff boxes on view. It is quite frequent 

that a designer finds his inspiration in material, 

style, artist, period, race or purpose that are not 

considered barriers, and the visits of these industrial 

workers are increasing as the value of the collection 

and what it ean do for them becomes more 

widely known. To further aid the worker who finds 

something which serves his need the Museum sells 

annually no less than 65,000 photograpliic prints, 

all of whicli serve the students' or designers' purposes. 

In our field there are plenty of sportsmen 

and the fiftieth anniversary exhibition of arms and 

armor is now being made. 

THOSE W H O ARE OPERATING PLANTS employing a 

large number of employees and who are endeavoring 

to rearrange or reorganize their methods so as to 

make them more agreeable to the workers and more 

effective will find useful aid in Bulletin No. 48, 

entitled "Emplovment Management and Industrial 

Training," issued by the Federal Board of Vocational 

Education, Washington, D. C. It deals with 

seasonable fluctuations and labor turnovers, training 

methods, the training in employment management, 

the earlier forms of apprenticeship, the state 

supervision of apprenticeship as in Wisconsin and 

Washington, the co-operation with public and private 

schools, the training of minor executives, foremanship 

and training, and subjects of a similar 

nature. 

THE CLEVELAND & BUFFALO TRANSIT Co, Cleveland, 

Ohio, is calling attention to the fact it has a splendid 

steamer service between Cleveland and Buffalo, 

so that travelers going in either direction may board 

the steamer at 9 o'clock in the evening and arrive 

at their destination at 7:30 the next morning with 

a pleasing break in a rail journey and a night of 

clean travel and refreshing sleep. 

A SAMPLE OF THE RAILROAD SERVICE since its demoralization 

under Government management is 

given in the following extract from a letter from 

a Connecticut plumber and steam fitter: "This job 

had to be done this holiday week while the factory 

was shut down, so we ordered the materials May 

21. We got the last of it on July 1 and then only 

by making a row at the freight office. Twenty-two 

days from New York is some service, I'll say. Even 

then we had to use different material than we 

expected." 

Some Facts About New York's 

Building Operations 

The records of the F. W. Dodge Company's Statistical 

Department show that contracts were let in 

Greater New York during 1919 amounting to $279,- 

551,000. About 48 per cent, of this amount, or $133,- 

764,530, was spent for housing accommodations. It 

was not enough. 

In the first four months of 1920, contracts were let 

in Greater New York to the amount of $119,455,050. 

The amount apportioned to housing was $38,602,400, 

or 32 per cent, of the total. The housing program 

has fallen behind the general building program. 

Contracts let for apartments, dwellings, hotels and 

dormitories in January of this year amounted to $6,- 

581,500. During the same month the money spent 

on theatre tickets in New York City amounted to 

•$7,838,914, according to the report of the collector of 

internal revenue. 

In February, contracts for apartments, dwellings, 

hotels and dormitories amounted to $4,353,600. Theatre 

admissions in February came to .$6,956,267. 

The people of New York have got to put more 

money and yet more money into apartments and 

houses. Rents will remain high as long as the demand 

for houses exceeds the supply. The only solution of 

the housing problem is more houses. 

A New Way of Heating Water 

The trade is familiar with the fire pot pipe coil 

method of heating water by the steam house heating 

plant and knows that often the abundance of the 

hot water supply and temperature depend upon the 

intensity of the fire. Thus in wintry weather it is 

plentiful and too hot while during mild spells it is 

not hot enough. 

To overcome tliese objections the Buffalo Specialty 

Works, 601 White Building, Buffalo, N. Y, 

have brought out the Excelso water heater and claims 

that when connected to a steam or vapor boiler, it 

will furnish hot water constantly at uniform temperature. 

This heater differs from former types in that it is 

not placed in the fire box, but connected below the 

water line outside of the boiler. It consists of a 

one-piece casting having three separate chambers. 

The boiling water at a temperature of 212 to 225 

degs. flows through the inner chamber and heats the 

tank water circulating through the outer chamber 

to 160 deg. or better. Thus as long as there is fire 

in the boiler the water is properly heated and without 

the deadening effect on the fire of heaters in 

contact with the fire. 

The heater is also made in brass or with copper 

coils where water conditions do not permit cast iron


and is obtainable in three sizes, which can be used 

with or without thermostatic control as desired. 

The manufacturer states that a garage can be successfully 

heated by this heater even though the boiler 

is located in the residence and the conducting pipes 

run underground for circulating water through the 

radiators. 

Conversion of Fahrenheit and 

Centigrade Readings 

The student or the readers of foreign papers very 

often finds it necessary where temperatures are to be 

measured to be able to change Fahrenheit readings to 

the corresponding Centigrade readings, and vice versa. 

A simple, quick and unforgettable method of 

doing this depends upon the fact that minus 40 deg. 

on either scale represents the same degree of temperature. 

Suppose it is desired to change 68 deg. Fahr. 

into its centigrade equivalent. Proceed as follows: 

Add 40, multiply 5/9 and subtract 40. Thus 40 + 

68 _= 108; 108 X 5/9 = 60; 60 — 40 = 20. This 

gives 20 deg. C. as the equivalent reading Suppose 

we wish to change 20 deg. C. back into Fahr. degrees. 

Add 40 as before, multiply by 9/5 and subtract 40; 

20 -f- 40 = 60; 60 X 9/5* = 108; 108 — 40 = 68. 


It will be noted that between the freezing and boiling 

points in the Fahrenheit scale are 180 deg. and 

between these points on the Centigrade scale are 100 

deg. Thus, 1 deg. Centigrade equals 9/5 deg. Fahr. 

and 1 deg. Fahr. equals 5/9 deg. C. Tlierefore, by 

adding 40 to either reading, we find the number of 

degrees there are above the common point where the 

two scales touch. Then by multiplying by 5-9 or 9-5 

we convert this number of degrees into its equivalent 

number on the other scale. And by subtracting 40 

we have the number of degrees above the zero point. 

The rule may be summarized as follows: In any 

case add 40 to the scale reading, multiply by 5/9 or 

9/5 as required and subtract 40. Once learned and 

applied, this rule is never forgotten. 

BENJAMIN H. P. HUTCHINSON died suddenly while at 

work in the house of a customer from heart disease. 

Mr. Hutchinson was born in Camden, N. J, 63 

years ago and learned the trade of plumber witb 

George Leathwhite, and embarked in business for 

himself 25 years ago. He was a member of the 

Master Plumbers' Association of Camden, N. J. 

Mr. Hutchinson died on Tuesday, June 22, and the 

funeral was held on Saturday, June 26. The interment 

was made at Evergreen Cemetery. 


an advance of 9% per cent and an extra man in each 

mill crew and a strike is precluded for another year. 

Black and Galvanized Sheets—Receipts are rapidly ab 

The prevailing high prices for coke are producing 

sorbed with no reduction in demand. 

a firm pig iron market but the condition is mostly due 

Tin Plate—Demand good. 

Tin—Little interest. 

to the uncertainty of transportation facilities. 

Copper—Moderate demand. Prices hold. 

As an illustration of the dire straits to which some 

Lead—Prices unchanged and little demand. 

manufacturers are put, one large jobbing concern re 

Zinc—Prices advanced and market stronger. 

ports the receipt of a lengthy list of plumbing supplies 

4 ntimony—Unchanged. 

needed by one manufacturer, with the statement that 

Foundry Pig Iron—More activity and delivery delayed. if any of these goods could be supplied, to accept the 

Foundry Coke—Shipments delayed. Prices same. Output 

list as an order. The total order represented close 

reduced. 

to $50,000 and included 50,000 to 100,000 pieces of 

Linseed Oil—Quiet; prices firm. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Demand light; prices lower. 

malleable iron goods. Another customer keeps a 

standing order for $40,000 worth of pipe on this job 

Congestion Seriously Cripples 

ber's books. Both cases indicate the large existing 

Steel and Iron Industry 

demand and inadequate supply to meet it. 

This week there has been a substantial advance 

The continuance of the order of the Interstate in lavatory brass goods and a stiffening in the price 

Commerce Commission that open-top cars be of radiator valves. The inability to secure metal 

sent to the coal mines and a renewal of the - order polishers indicates that prices of plumber's brass will 

directing box cars into grain producing territories, continue firm. 

have left the steel mills so short of cars that a suspension 

of operations for a period of ten days or two 

weeks to permit clearing up the freight congestion is FOUNDRY PIG IRON 

being seriously considered. A conservative estimate 

New York.—One firm has sold about 6000 tons of various 

places the accumulation of unshipped, finished material 

grades of pig iron, and others report moderate business 

in the Pittsburgh districts at 1,000,000 tons. Among inquiries pending are several for foundry iron for 

The sheet and tin plate manufacturers and the Western shipment aggregating about 4000 tons The ease 

Amalgamated Association renewed the 1919-20 mill with which the iron being offered for resale by the Ford 

wage scale with modifications, granting the mill men Motor Car Co., Detroit, is being absorbed is an indication 

of the strength of the market. In some cases the Ford

.uly 9, 1920 METAL WORKER. P L U M B E R A N D ST E A M F I TT E R 59 

company has absorbed the freight charge when the iron 

had been delivered at Detroit or was en route when sold. 

In other cases, the price was made f. o. b. furnace, and 

quotations have been for the most part in line with or very 

near to the full market price. The coke situation is very 

serious, increasing costs for foundries and furnaces. Foundry 

coke sales as high as $18.50 to $19, ovens, are reported. 


East. Pa., No. 1 fdy., sil. 2.75 to 3.25.$5(1.05 to $51.05 


East. Pa., No. 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 47.SO to 48.SO 

No. 2 X Virginia, sil. 2.25 to 2.75. . . . 49.80 

Chicago.—Although generally speaking the market is still 

rather inactive, a few good-sized inquiries and orders have 

developed during the past week. In fact, some sellers venture 

the opinion that the market is as lively as could be 

expected at this time of the year and may be termed "close 

to the normal." 

The following quotations are for iron delivered, at 

consumers' yards except those for Northern foundry, and 

steel-making iron which are f.o.b. furnace and do not 

include a switching charge averaging 50c. per ton. 

Northern coke. No. 1, sil. 2.25 to 

2.75, last half 45.25 


Northern coke foundry, No. 2, sil. 

1.75 to 2.25 last half 43.00 


Northern high phos. foundry, last 

half 43.00 

Southern coke No. 1 foundry and 

No. 1 soft sil. 2.75 to 3.25 50.20 

Southern coke No. 2 foundry sil. 

2.25 to 2.75 48.70 

Southern foundry sil. 1.75 to 2.25.. 47.00 

Philadelphia.—In the past week there has been a decidedly 

better inquiry for foundry iron, and smaller inquiries are 

fairly numerous. Prices are unchanged, the minimum uoted 

by any furnacqe in this district being $45, furnace, with $4T 

as the top. There are more transactions at $46 and $47, 

base, than at the lower figure. 

The following quotation are for iron delivered in consumers' 

vards in Philadelphia or vicinity, except those for 

low phosphorus iron, which are f.o.b. furnace: 

East. Pa., No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 

sil ' . $45.90 to $48.10 

East. Pa.. No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil.. 47.15 to 49.35 


Virginia No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 49.35 to 50.35 

Cincinnati.—The market is more active than for many 

weeks, and some good sized inquiries are being figured on. 

The blast furnace of the Whitaker-Glesner Co. at Portsmouth 

went out for repairs on July 1 and will be down 

about six weeks. It is understood the company will secure 

the basic iron which it recently inquired for from one of 

the other companies included in the merger recently completed. 

Based on freight rates of $3.60 from Birmingham and 

$1.80 from Ironton, we quote f.o.b. Cincinnati: 

Southern coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (base 

price) * 45 - 60 

Southern coke, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 (No. 

2 soft) •• 46 - 85 

Old Materials 

Scrap Iron, New York.—Very little price change is noted 

compared with a week ago. Some believe that the pre-war 

period of stagnation in the scrap market, which coincide 

with July and August of each year, will prevail again this 

year, especially since railroad transportation conditions are 

so bad. 



No. 1 machinery cast $38.00 to $39.00 

No. 1 heavy cast (columns, building 

materials, etc.), cupola size 37.00 to 32.00 

No. 1 heavy cast, not cupola size.. 31.00 to 32.00 

No. 2 cast (radiators, cast boilers, 

etc.) 31.00 to 32.00 

Iron and steel pipe (1 in. min. 

diam.. not under 2 ft. long) 18.00 to IS.50 


Scrap Iron, Chicago—-The market is stronger in most 

departments. Dealers feel that an upward swing in prices 

has commenced and that considerably higher levels will be 

reached before it stops. On the other hand, transportation 

conditions permit little scrap to move and unless this situation 

changes, business will be seriously affected. 



Per Net Ton. 

No. 1 cast $36.00 to $37.00 




Cast borings 12-00 to 12.50 


Grate bars 28.00 to 29.00 




Southern Ohio coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 

(No. 2) 

46S0 

Country mixed 

Cleveland— The foundry iron market is not active, but 

some small lot sales are being made for the last half and 

there is a fair demand for prompt shipment foundry iron. 

The poor quality of fuel has resulted in the production of 

considerable off iron and because of scarcity of standard 

grades, producers are having no trouble in disposing of 

this iron at the regular differentials. Producers are still 

seriously handicapped in shipping iron by the order that 

prevents the loading of open top cars except for shipment 

in the direction of the coal mines, and one Cleveland interest 

was compelled to pile fully 50 per cent of its iron 

We quote in from 40r> the Northern South." Ohio switching Valley delivered week. silvery, points, foundry, No. charge Cleveland sil. 2 fdy.. and 8 sil. for per $5 all. as 2.25 local cent from follows, 1.75 to iron, Birmingham: 

to 2.75.. 2.25.$44.40 based a $1.40 58.90 on to freight to 60.40 $45.40 48.70 rate 

15 - 50 to 16 - 50 

Scrap Iron, Pittsburgh—-Trading is feeling the restrictive 

effects of the order of the Interstate Commerce Commission, 

making it di/cult to secure cars for shipment. Dealers are 

asking customers to hold up shipping instructions because 

of the car situation and also for more time for the completion 

of contracts. Since the railroads at a number of points 

are not permitting the loading of cars enaering the steel 

plants with scrap, the buying of material in transit for the 

purpose of securing empty cars has dwindled. Narrowing 

steel works activities, due to the congestion of material 

waiting shipment and the observance of the Fourth of July, 

have reduced new demand for the open-hearth grades. The 

market, however, holds well on heavy melting steel and 

maintains a firm tone on cast iron scrap of all sorts owing 

to limited supplies. 

We quote for delivery to consumers' mills in the Pittsburgh 

and other districts that take Pittsburgh freight 

rates, as follows: 

Cast Iron wheels $43.00 to $44.00 




Heavy steel axle turnings 21.50 to 22.00 


Cast iron borings 18-00 to 19.00 

No. 1 railroad wrought 31.00 to 32.00 

Old Metals New York.—There has been more inquiry 

and a little better sentiment this week with values firmer. 

Dealers' buying prices are as follows: 

Copper, heavy and crucible 16-00 

Copper, heavy and wire I 5 - 00 

Copper, light and bottoms 1300 

Brass, heavy 

10 - 00 

Brass, light ° 

Heavy machine composition 15-25 

No. 1 yellow brass turnings 9.50 

No. 1 red brass or composition turning. . 

Lead, heavy 

12.25 7 - 00 

Zinc 

Lead, tea °-°°

60 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER Julv 9, 1920 

Old Metals, Chicago.—The market is quiet with prices 

holding the same. 

Cts. per lb. 









Tea lead 3.00 



Zinc 4.25 

Pewter, No. 1 25.00 

Old Metals, Boston.—Prices have felt a slowing up during 

the past few days with lower quotations for white metals 

accompanied by a lesser demand. Red metals are not yet 

active. Dealers are nominally paying as follows: 








Brass turnings No. 1 rod 9.75 to 10 25 


Zinc 5.25 to 5.75 

Pewter No. 1 36.00 to 38.00 

Clean cast aluminum 24.50 to 25 00 

New aluminum clippings 25.00 to 26 00 

Old and painted aluminum 24.50 to 25.00 

Old Rubber.—The old rubber market continues quiet and 

prices are unchanged. Xo improvement is looked for in 

the near future. Shipping conditions are reported in bad 

shape. 

„ . , . Cts. per lb. 

Boots and shoes CM to 6U 

Trimmed arctics 5' to 5 V 

Auto tires " 14 to 2% 

Bicycle tires 1% to ly 

Solid tires 2 to 2y 

No. 1 inner tubes \ 12 to 13 

Mixed white scrap 4 t0 41/ 

Mixed red scrap ' 3 1/, to 4 

Please quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

Mixed black scrap 1% to 2 

Cotton fire hose % to Hi 

Garden hose % to 1 

Old Rags.—The old rags market is inactive and prices 

are easier. Wholesale dealers' prices are: 

No. 1 whites $11.50 to $12.00 

No. 2 whites 5.75 to 6.00 





Paper Stock.—Business in the paper stock market is 

fairly brisk and is expected to continue so. Wholesale 

dealers' buying quotations for New York are: 



SHEETS AND METALS 

New York City, July 9, 1920. 

Black nnd Galvanized Sheets—Irregular receipts continue 

and incoming stocks are immediately absorbed with an ap* 

preciable reduction in consumer's demand. 

Tin Plate—Prompt demands for the metal—are still numerous 

but the recent orders of the Interstate Commerce 

Commission regarding box cars and open-top cars have 

greatly curtailed shipments. 

Copper—There exists a moderate demand for both prompt 

and forward delivery but buying is not heavy. 

Tin—The sales of tin are few, consumers showing very 

little interest and dealers continuing optimistic regarding 

the future price. 

Lead—The metal for prompt delivery is extremtly scarce 

with the result of very little demand. 

Zinc—The market is stronger and prices have advanced, 

due to reduction of output and more inquiries from both 

brass makers and galvanizers. 

Ant inning—There has been no change of any account in 

this market. 

Ample ventilation is a real necessity in a building 

where physical exertion is the rule, whether it be 

a factory, shop, clubhouse, or other structure. 

Tiie Chicago Athletic Club, illustrated, at the left, 

is jirovided with facilities which assure a constant 

supply of clean, fresh air and the elimination of 

unwholesome gases and dead air. 

Burt Ventilators take care of all these requirements. 

The Burt Manufacturing Go, 

300 Main Street, Akron, O. 

GEO. W. REED & CO., Montreal, Sole Manufacture.s 

of "Burt" Ventilators for Canada.


Tin Plate, Pittsburgh—Although tin plate manufacturers 

have materially reduced the accumulated stocks, they are 

in a more unfavorable position now than they have been 

at any other time this year, because of the renewal of the 

Interstate Commerce Commission order directing that approximately 

28,0000 box cars be sent into the grain producing 

sections of the country while the result of the coal car 

order of the commission has spelled greatly curtailed shipments 

of steel to the finishing mills. Prompt demands for 

tin plate are still numerous, as is evident from the fact that 

stock items which constitute the spot or prompt market 

recently have sold as high as $10. The settlement of the 

wage dispute between independent manufacturers and the 

Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel and Tin Workers 

has eased the anxiety of consumers who recently, because 

of the possibility of a suspension in union mills, have been 

trying to get the non-union mills to take additional tonnage, 

or to anticipate shipments against existing contracts. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh—The industry appears to be closer 

to a complete suspension than at any other time since the 

outbreak of the outlaw railroad strike, a condition that is 

entirely ascribable to the shortage of cars. Few men are 

available for the movement of sheet bars to the finishing 

mills and fewer cars are still available for the movement 

of the finished product. The congestion of finished material 

was acute at practically all mills, but especially at the 

plants of the American Sheet & Tin Plate Co., which in the 

past week has had five or six of its plants without cars 

almost daily. This company has experienced great difficulty 

in securing sheet bars for its different plants, being unable 

to obtain railroad facilities for moving them from Youngstown 

to the Shenango Valley works, or from the Monongahela 

Valley plant of the Carnegie Steel Co. to its Pittsburgh 

district works. The greater portion of the production 

at both the independent companies and the American 

Sheet & Tin Plate Co. continues to be piled. Not much new 

business is being booked at present because of heavy stocks 

awaiting shipment. 

NOTES ON PRICES 

Rosin—There is an absence of activity in the rosin market 

and prices are reduced. On the basis of 220 lbs. to the barrel, 

the wholesale price of common-to-good strained is $11.50. 

Grade D is $15.95. 

Iron and Steel Pipes—While all makers manage to keep 

their mills in operation and some of them are running practically 

full, the position of consumers and distributors is 

desperate by reason of the fact that only one or two of the 

manufacturers are able to make shipments of any consequence 

on account of acute shortage of railroad cars. River 

shipments have enabled the National Tube Co. and the 

Jones & Laughlin Steel Co. to make a fair showing on 

Western consignments. Both of these companies plan on 

additions of their fleet as a result of the success gained in 

water deliveries. 

Foundry Coke—While no material easing yet is observed 

in prices on spot tonnages of furnace and foundry beehive 

oven coke, with both grades fetching from $17 to $18 

per net ton at oven, it is believed that the market is at 

or near top. Basis for this belief is found in the fact that 

extra purchases for over the Fourth of July have so provided 

melters with supplies as to keep them out of the market for 

a time and in addition recent prices for fuel have so materially 

reduced the margin of profit for merchant pig iron 

producers that a number of them are planning on early 

suspension unless they are able to secure supplies for less 

money. Ovens in the'more easterly end of the Connellsville 

district are getting fairly good car placements, but at the 

THESE FIGURES SPELL 

SATISFACTION 

300,000 

Vogel Frost-Proof 

Closets Now in Use 

The wide-awake plumber finds an 

unlimited field for Vogel Frost-Proof 

Closets. 

There is a lot of "Vogel" Frost- 

Proof business in your locality. Look 

in the garages, shops, isolated and 

unheated places—plenty of work for 

you to do and each "Vogel" installation 

means a handsome profit. 

They are easy to sell, 

simple and inexpensive to 

install and reliable in 

service. Cannot freeze. 

No water in tank or any 

part ot closet when not 

in operation. 

Get VOGELS from 

your jobber. 

other end the complaint Please of a nuote shortage METAL is common. WORKER, PLUMBER Consider-AND 

STEAM FITTER when writing to advertisers 

Jos. A. Vogel Co. 

Delaware 

Wilmington 

Linseed Oil—Demand in the linseed oil market is light 

purchases being confined to small lots. In lots of 5 bbl. able last half tonnage remains to be contracted, but not 

and over, city raw American seed is quoted at $1.55 to much business of this sort is being done, probably because 

$1.65, and out-of-town raw American seed is $1.55 to $1.65. of the uncertainty as to the effect of the transportation con 

In lots of less than 5 bbl. 5c more per gallon is asked. ditions on mine, oven and furnace operations. Last half 

Boiled oil brings lc more per gallon than raw oil. 

contracts in furnace coke thus far reported have been on a 

Spirits of Turpentine—Stocks improving, prices lower i to and 1 basis on Valley basic pig iron, or at flat prices of 

demand slack are the conditions reported in the spirits of $11.50 to $12 per net ton oven. Full deliveries against the 

turpentine market. In machine barrels in yard, the whole •Her class of contracts are not certain so long as spot tonsale 

price is quoted at $1.49. 

nages command such a big premium as at present. 

THE FILMS OF BUSINESS CORP., 220 West Forty-second 

Street, New York City, has arranged to show 

in the Rialto Theatre on Tuesday and Thursday 

mornings from 10.00 to 12.00 o'clock, films dealing 

with Americanization, vocational work, science, industry, 

salesmanship, psychology, merchandising, 

etc. Admission to these entertainments will be free 

and the tickets will be distributed by the merchants 

and manufacturers whose films are to be shown, or 

they may be had at the door on application. This 

is offered as the first showing of a new venture 

somewhat revolutionary in its character. Among 

the things that are to be shown are the making of 

spaghetti, the manufacture of ink, carbon paper, 

typewriter ribbons, the graphic display of a new 

power issued by the Prest-O-Lite Co., New York 

City, and industrial things of a similar nature. 

LINCOLN, ANDREW & LANE, INC. is the name of a 

concern just incorporated at Pawtucket, R. I., to 

carry on a plumbing, lieating and tinsmithing business". 

The incorporators are: James P. Lincoln, 

Providence; Edward H. Andrew, Pawtucket, and 

Roland P. Lane, Providence.

62 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 



should be based only on quotations 






July 9, 1920 


York City by merchants carrying stocks. 

As there are many consumers whose requirements are not sufficiently heavy 


lots from mills, these prices are given for their convenience. 

On a number of articles the base price only is given, it being impracticable 


ALUMINUM- 


99% pure, in ingots for remelting, 

100-lb. lots—37 to 39c 

ANTIMONY— 


10c to 12c 

BRASS, ROLL AND SHEET— 


BISMUTH— 

Per lb $4.00 to $4.50 

CONDUCTORS— 

Corrugated- 


Galvanized steel 30% 


Copper 10% 

Spiral Lock Seam Pipe- 

Galvanized 20% 


Galvanized On application 

(See also Elbows and Shoes; 

Eaves Trough Mitres; Strainers, 

Conductor.) 

CONDUCTORS, STRAINERS— 

(See Strainers, Conductor.) 

COPPER— 

Lake ingot 21H-22J_c 

Electrolytic 21-22c 


COPPER SHEETS 

Hot Rolled, 24-oz. base price, per 

lb., 29 

NO. i No. 2 No. 3 

4 n 

' . $4.00 $3.90 $2.75 

^ "l 4.10 3.95 2.8i 

Pef r0ll> 108 S< J- ft ROSIN— 

Common to good strained (wholesale), 

80 lbs., per lb $11.50 

SHEETS— 

Blue Annealed— 

Cents per lb. 

No. 10, per lb. 

6.50-8.00 


6.55-8.05 


6.60-8.10 


6.70-8.20 

Black— One Pass. C. R. 

Soft-Steel 

No. 18 to 20, per lb 7.80- 9.80 

No. 22 to 24, per lb 7.85- 9.85 

No. 26, per lb 7.90- 9.90 

No. 27, per lb 7.95- 9.95 

No. 28, per lb 8.00-10.00 

No. 29, per lb 8.05-10.05 

No. 30, per lb 8.25-10.25 

No. 28 and lighter, 36 wide, 

10c higher 


20 gauge 11.10c 

22 and 24 gauge 11.20c 

26 gauge 11.30c 

28 gauge 11.50c 

Galvanized— 

Cents per lb 

Nos. 12 and 14 9.10-10.60 

No. 16 9.25-10.75 

Nos. 18 and 20 9.40-10.90 

Nos. 22 and 24 9.25-11.05 

No. 26 9.70-11.20 

No. 27 9.85-11.35 

No. 28 10.00-11.50 

No. 30 10.50-12.50 

No. 28 and lighter, 36 in. wide, 

20c higher 

Corrugated Roofing—Galvanized— 

2J_ in. corrugations, 30c per 100 


Corrugated Roofing—Painted- 


2y2-'\-n. Corrugation 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

No. 26, pr 100 sq. ft. 

No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

SLATE ROOFING— 

F. O. B. cars, Quarry Station. 

Per Square 

According 

Pennsylvania— to size 

Best Bangor $8.00 to $11.00 

No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 

Pen Argyl 7.75 to 8.25 

Peach Bottom 10.50 to 12.50 

No. 1 Chapman 7.75 to 8.75 

Vermont- 

No. 1 Sea Green $5.00 to $8.50 

Unfading Green 6.50 to 13.50 

Red 22.00 

Maine- 

Brownsville, Unfading Black, 

-, 

- 

2-Fly larred Paper $1 «i 

3-Ply Tarred Paper ;"7oO 


r, , „. , Prices on application 

Koohng Pitch, per ton $30 00 

Open per lb 15c 

No - ] SOLDER— 

T 

_ to J_ guaranteed 37ô 

No. 1 34^ 

Refined 30c 



composition. 


Yaeger's Salts: 

1-lb. cans, each fid 

5-lb. cans, each $3.00 

A. S. P. Fluid: 

Gallon $1.25 

12-gal. Carboy 90c per gallon 

(Jug and carboy extra) 

Callahan's Non-Corrosive, per 

gal $1.75 

SOLDERING COPPERS— 

Per lb. in 300-lb. lots 50c 

In 100 to 300-lb. lots advance 2c 

per lb. 

In lots of less than 100 lbs., ad* 

vance 4c per lb. 

STRAINERS, CONDUCTOR- 

2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 

Copper $2.80 $3.75 $5.75 $9.00 dz. 

Galv 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 dz, 

TIN PIGS AND BARS— 

Straits, pigs per lb 52c 

Straits, in bars, per lb 57c to 62c 

TIN PLATES—AMERICAN 

..Charcoal Plates—Bright— 

N. B.—The price of 14 x 20 

"AAA" Charcoal Melyn Grade: 

IC, 14x20 $16.50 

IX, 14x20 18.75 

IXX. 14x20 20.50 

IXXX. 14x20 22.25 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 

"A"Charcoal Allaways Grade: 

IC, 14x20 $14.25 

IX, 14 x 20 16.25 

IXX, 14 x 20 18.00 

IXXX. 14x20 19.75 

IXXXX, 14x20 21.50 

Coko Plates, Bright- 


80-lb $11.80 

90-lb 11.90 

100-lb 12.00 

IC 13.25 

IX 13.25 

IXX 14.25 

IXXX 15.25 

IXXXX 16.25 

Terne Plate- 


100-lb., 14 x 20 $9.35 

IC, 14 x 20 9.50 

IX, 14 x 20 10.50 


STORM-PROOF 

squared: 

12-Ib. Coating $11.50 


••-, $11.00 20-lb. Coating 12.25 

Slatters felt, 30-lb. roll 2 00 30-lb. Coating 13.50 

40-lb. roll 2.25 35-lb. Coating 14.25 

is the Ventilator with a constant 

M. F. Grade 13.50 

40-lb Coating 15.00 

STRONG, STEADY WASTE PULL COTTON— 

Per lb. in 5-lb. bags 22c 

outward of impure air, etc 


ROYADS VENTILATE FROM THE Western GROUND Slabs UP 10-llc 

quickly removing all foul air, gases, etc., supplying Sheets No. 9 instead base casks Pure, I4J_e 

Fresh, Wholesome Air. Note the Scientific construction which 

insures maximum exhausting capacity. 

The ROYAL is built for DURARILITY and HIGHEST efflciegcy. 

Made to any size, round or rectangular metal or _-lass 

top and with Fire Retarding Damper. 

Patented 

ml r gIaS 

° 

Send for Catalogue explaining why ROYALS should be nlaced 

on every building. 

u "* P laceu 

Pie tse quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

420 LOCUST STREET, PHILADELPHIA, p , 

THE ROYAL 

ROYAL VENTILATOR COMPANY



FLORAL PAEK, N. Y„ JULY 16, 1920. 





Manufacturers Iu the United States Must Prepare 

to Do More Business In Other Countries 


International Chamber of Commerce Establishe 

In directing attention to matters that have cost the time and money of some Ameri 

cans laboring for sound commercial expansion, it is the purpose to induce more 

of them to become informed on the work and to devote whatever is necessary to 

disposing of more of our product outside of the country to insure against the time 

T H E work of the first meeting of the International 

Chamber of Commerce, reported at the offices of 

the Chamber of Commerce of the United States 

litre, states that the new organization was creat._ at 

Paris at the meeting in July of 500 delegates from 

the five countries that participated last fall in the International 

Trade Conference — Belgium, Great 

Britain, France, Italy and the United States. Business 

interests in other countries will be taken into 

membership later. 

The meeting gave the delegates an apportunity to 

take up many questions of international business relations. 

The following is a summary of the action 

taken on a number of the most important subjects 

considered: 

Restoration of international credit, based on fixation 

of the amount and the conditions of payment for 

the debts of all countries, allies or enemies, was urged. 

It was resolved that allied states should agree also 

as soon as possible to fix definitely the amount and 

conditions of payments according to the stipulations 

in the treaty. 

There should be an avoidance of duplicate taxation 

of wealth of individuals or organizations in more than 

one country. 

There should be reduction of unnecessary expenditures 

on the part of local and national governments. 

Extension of credits, uniform banking laws, and 

war damages were dealt with. 

Reciprocal international treaties relative to import 

and export taxes were advocated. 

An international credit bureau was planned. 

--, .. .1 —i i„„oi fVinmbers of commerce were re 

when home consumption cannot absorb it. 

quested to co-operate with their governments to reduce 

national and local governmental expenditures. 

Governments and banking commercial industrial associations 

in all countries were urged to co-operate 

with the International Chamber and with each other 

to reduce importation of non-essentials by countries 

whose exchanges are depreciated and to increase exportations 

from such countries. 

There should be an endeavor to obtain the co-operation 

of labor to prevent delay in the turn-around of 

ships, delay between ships and trains, and delay in 

transportation by rail. 

There should be restriction as far as possible upon 

countries whose exchanges are depreciated, issuing 

foreign loans. 

There should be a reconstruction special committee 

to study the exchange situation. 

There should be encouragement of tourists through 

removal of unnecessary restrictions. 

It is desirable to furnish raw materials and credits. 

There should be facilitation and simplification of 

passport procedure. 

A committee was proposed to investigate the mischievous 

use of trade names and of misleading indi 

cations. 

Common nomenclature was proposed for customs 

tariffs of the allied nations. 

Revocation of import and export prohibitions was 

urged as soon as internal conditions of each country 

will allow. 

A resolution petitions the Board of Directors to 

establish a central bureau for international statistics 

covering production with forecast of output and prob 

able needs of each country.

64 


Luigi della Torre, Senator, president Italian Federation 

The world's stock of fuel was discussed. 

of Banks. 

A resolution urges hastening of utilization of hydroCommander 

Giorgia Mylius, president, Ita'ian Master 

electric power, development of measures for the use Cotton Spinners' and Weavers' Association. 

of mineral fuel scientifically and economically, and For the United States: 

development to the utmost of research in the extraction 

of coal and oil resources of the world. 

The full meeting expressed an opinion that Ger 

John H. Fahey, formerly president, Chamber of Commerce 

of the United States. 

Willis H. Booth, vice-president Guaranty Trust Co., New 

York, and formerly vice-president Chamber of Commerce 

many had not demonstrated an intention to fulfill its of the United States. 

obligations to the Allies, as agreed in the Treaty of Edward A. Filene, president, William Filene's Sons Co, 

Versailles. Allied governments were urged to tolerate Boston, and formerly a director in the Chamber of Com 

no further delay in the carrying out of treaty agreements. 

The next meeting of the International Chamber 

will be held in London, June, 1921. Temporary headquarters 

have been established in Paris. The locamerce 


Alternates: 

Harry A. Wheeler, formerly president of the Chamber of 

Commerce of the United States. 

William Butterworth, a director in the Chamber of Commerce 


tion of the permanent headquarters is left to the Owen D. Young, vice-president, General Electric Co., 

Board of Directors. 

New York City. 

Temporary Secretary-General: 

M. Dolleans, professor of Political Economy at the University 

of Dijon. 

The Chamber elected the following officers and directors 

: 

President: 

Etienne Clementel, former Minister of Commerce in 

France, and member of the Supreme Economic Council. 

Vice-Presidents: 

A. O. Bedford, New York City. 

Baron Edouard Empain, Belgian banker. 

A. J. Hobson, Sheffield, England. 

Vitorio Rolandi Ricci, Italy. 

Directors—For Belgium: 

Edgar Castelain. 

William Thys 

Canon LeGrand. 

For France: 

Eugene Schneider. 

Georges Pascalis. 

M. Coignet, of Lyons, president National Association for 

Economic Expansion. 

For England: 

Sir Arthur Shirley Benn. 

Walter Leaf, president, Institute of Bankers, Chairman, 

Lond County, Westminster & Parr's Bank. 

J. G. Jenkins, vice-president, British Producers' Association, 

and formerlv Premier, South Australia. 

For Italy: 

Marco Cassin. 

Union Responsibility Fixed 

ADECISION handed down by the Supreme Court 

at Rochester, N. Y., recently by Judge Adolph 

Rodenbeck states sound principles in a clear and vigorous 

manner. The decision upholds the contention 

of a clothing company which asserted that its employees 

were subjected to "verbal abuse, actual assaults 

and threats" and that its business was unlawfully 

interfered with by the Amalgamated Clothing 

Workers of America. The court made a temporary 

injunction permanent and allowed damages, the 

amount to be determined later. Although the decision 

relates directly to the clothing business, the-principles 

enunciated would apply to any kind of manufacturing. 

Judge Rodenbeck first set forth the relations of 

employers and employees to each other and to the 

public, saying: 

The plaintiffs were required to win their way in the 

world of business by hard and honest competition and by 

The Actuating Motive 

THE policy of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER is to grasp every 

opportunity to improve the minds, environment, and welfare of all connected 

with these industries; to promote the most cordial, sympathetic and harmonious 

co-operation between the manufacturers, jobbers, masters and journeymen; to render 

their services to the public more efficient, intelligent and satisfactory. 

We believe that the manufacturers, jobbers, masters and journeymen are honest, 

sincere in their desire to serve, and efficient in the discharge of their obligation to 

the public. 

We believe the sheet metal, plumbing and ehating industries are prerequisites 

to the comforts, convenience and sanitation which makes possible an environment 

conducive to health and happiness for all. 

To this end there is published in the pages of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

STEAM FITTER the most advanced ideas, approved practices, modern designs and 

practical methods emanating from the brilliant minds of the trade. 

To improve the welfare of the trade is our aim, to disseminate useful knowledge 

our constant endeavor. Therefore, the pages of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

STFAM FITTER are open for the publication of useful information which will assist 

in achieving our goal.


the character and quality of their goods; but the Amalgamated 

Clothing Workers, instead of endeavoring to secure 

recognition by an example of enlightened and reasonable 

administration in other factories, chose to force their way 

into plaintiffs factory by secrecy and by a strike backed 

by its powerful influence and supported by acts that the 

law condemns. Ultimate success in the labor movement does 

not lie along this line, but in the direction of a peaceful 

exemplification of a just and reasonable administration of 

affairs of the union, with advantages not only to employers 

and employees but to the public as well. 

In other words, when a business has been built up 

by long years of honest effort, a labor union has no 

right to destroy it by unlawful acts, but the union 

must establish itself upon the basis of merit, if at all. 

The court went on to show how the union in question, 

by its action toward another union which had 

been recognized by the clothing company, had been 

guilty of attempting to establish a monopoly of labor 

and the judge denounced economic and industrial despotism 

and monopolies, whether of labor or capital, 

as opposed to our principles of government. 

In conclusion, the court emphatically set forth that 

a union cannot escape the consequences of its acts if 

they are unlawful. "A concert of action by a labor 

organization and its members," said the judge, "to 

compel recognition of a union or to redress grievances 

by means of threats, intimidation, force, violence or 

similar coersive measures constitutes a conspiracy, 

whether such intention was present at the inception of 

the strike or afterward, and a national unincorporated 

labor union is liable for damages if its officers and 

agents acted within the scope of their authority as 

such in calling and carrying on the strike with the 

purpose of using such unlawful means; but the liability 

does not extend to the individual members who 

are not specifically connected with such acts." 

This decision shows that incorporation of a union 

is not necessary in order to hold it responsible for 

such acts as are here described. While an individual 

may not be compelled to share the liability unless 

there is evidence against him, the entire union as a 

body cannot escape responsibility for unlawful acts 

which, if established against an individual, would result 

in his punishment. The decision, although possibly 

more lenient than the one in the famous Danbury 

hatters' case as to the individual, is fully as rigid in 

establishing the responsibility of the union. 

A Memorial to Otto Walten 

By L. Giclas 

Upon the death of some persons the family sustains 

a great loss, but when the deceased is a person of 

broad vision and has labored consistently, leaving 

more in the world than was given him, something 

acquired or built up by his own painstaking efforts, 

the community shares in the loss. Is it not always 

the case that such a man's successes are recounted 

and the impress of his character in his accomplishments 

quicken thoughts and better actions in those 

who were his associates and remain? The works of 

such a man that benefit a trade are in a measure 

public property. 

Such a man was Otto L. Walten, formerly of Washington, 

D. C, and the works of his like should not 

be "hidden under a bushel." It is a pleasure to note 

that my last journeyman's service was in the employ 

of Mr. Walten and always pleasant relations have existed. 

Too often a boss gets sore when one of his 

workmen leaves to start in business for himself, but 

in my case the best encouragement received was by 

Mr. Walten, who sent me many good jobs. In gratitude 

for this and other things I am not satisfied with 

the brief obituary published at the time of his death 

early in the year. 

Furthermore, I worked in eighteen shops previous 

to working in his and can say that his was the best, 

Fine Front. Characteristic Of The Business 

and he the best to his men. Always considerate and 

even tempered in giving instruction to his men, with 

rare exceptions this won him obedience and continued 

loyal service from his force of twenty employees. He 

did only high-class work and talked more of quality 

than of cheapness. 

The accompanying photograph shows the front of 

his place of business, and is truly consistent, a cornicemaker's 

front with no paint to hide the material of 

which it is made. 

During the war he exhibited considerable moral 

courage by Americanizing his name to suit his nature 

and accomplishments. He leaves a large and valuable 

estate to his children. The Washington Sheet Metal 

Contractors' Association, of which he was a member, 

has noted his services by the adoption of the following 

resolution: 

From the beginning of history it has been the custom t 

pay tribute to our benefactors on their decease, and to extoll 

in memorials their deeds. 

BE IT RESOVLED by this association that in the death of 

Otto L. Walten the sheet metal trade of Washington has 

lost the best exponent for organized effort for trade betterment. 

He was the pioneer organizer of the trade of 

this city. , ... 

AND BE IT NOTFD that his many good qualities, amiable 

disposition, and progressive spirit has marked him one of 

our best citizens, a model husband, a kind and considerate 

father and a first-class business man; and that this be 

inscribed in the minutes of this meeting. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Louis GICLAS.


Entrances to Underground Convenience Station, Scranton, Pa 

Women's Section Are from Different Streets, and Exhaus 

Showing Excellent Arrangement. Stairs to Men's and 

for Vitiated Air Is Disguised as a Large Flower Urn. 

Need For Public Convenience Stations 

Investigation Discloses A Regretable Condition In the Woeful Lack 

HP HE United States is not lacking in imposing 

A municipal buildings of a monumental character. 

Every town and city boasts of its city hall, courthouse, 

library or other structure of particular artistic 

merit. The City of Washington, D. C, bearing the 

nation's capitol, naturally excels in this type of structure. 

We would in nowise discourage the further construction 

of such buildings, not reflect in any wise 

on the pride attendant to their possession. 

It is here desired not only to point out the regrettable 

lack and apparent unconcern which exists concerning 

a very necessary type of municipal structure, 

i. e.j the public convenience, more commonly termed 

"comfort" station, but also to urge the provision of 

an adequate number of such structures without delay. 

Perhaps in less arid times, some excuse existed for 

this unhygienic condition, since in a measure the now 

extinct saloon helped supply the convenience which 

the municipality had failed to provide. This excuse 

no longer exists and at the present time a campaign 

should be undertaken in practically every community 

to bring about the erection of an adequate number of 

such structures. 

An investigation has brought out the fact that it is 

of This Very Necessary Type of Structure 

not a difficult matter to make such stations self-sustaining. 

Two of the most important problems to be 

worked out in connection with this class of building, 

which, of course, is purely utilitarian in character, 

are the location, ». e., whether above or below ground, 

whether in a prominent or secluded location, arrangement 

of approach, etc., and adequate ventilation. 

Since these problems have been satisfactorily worked 

out in many structures now existing, a study of some 

of these will be of considerable interest. 

There are here presented photographs and drawings 

illustrating an underground convenience station built 

in Scranton Pa, designed by Duckworth Brothers, 

architects; also plans of an underground convenience 

station, designed by the same architects, to be erected 

on Providence Square, Scranton. 

It will be noticed from the photograph showing the 

general location of the former that this station is near 

the intersection of two busy thoroughfares, yet the 

entrances are so screened by shrubbery as not to be 

over prominent. The stairways leading to the men's 

and women s compartments are approached by walks 

heading from different streets, an admirable a.range-


Plan, Public Convenience Station to Be Erected at Providence Square, Scranton, Pa. 

The station is under the charge of two male and Thus the cost of operation per person was 3.3 mills. The 

„ , , , , ° , , ., .... population of the city of Scranton is 150,000. 

two female attendants, who each work in 8-hr. shifts, • ' 

the station being closed from midnight until 8 a. m. During 1919 the number of persons visiting the 

Data relating to this station, collected during the station was in the neighborhood of 2,000,000. The 

year 1918, is here presented: need of additional stations is evident. 

I LOO! HAM 

Plan of Underground Public Convenience Station, Scranton, Pa. 

Total number of persons visiting the station during the 

year—1,111,519, this including both men and women. Approximately 

20 per cent, of this number were women. 

Annual salary of four attendants, $2,400. 

Cost of light, heat, water and supplies, $1,726.04. 

Total cost of maintenance during 1918, $4,126.04. 

Revenue from pay eompartnments, $478.32. 

Net cost, $3,647.72. 

Cross Section on Line AA 

v 

The ventilating system installed is capable of effecting 

a complete air change every 3 min. Ample 

indirect heating coils are provided to maintain the incoming 

fresh air at the proper temperature during 

winter months. The station is practically odorless, 

something which unfortunately cannot be said of all

68 M E T A L W O R K E R , PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 16, 1920 

such structures. 

John S. Duckworth, of Duckworth Bros., the architects, 

states relative to the design of convenience 

stations: 

The point I consider of utmost importance in the construction 

of a comfort station is the avoidance of any materials 

which will absorb uric acid gas. Concrete should 

be avoided for a finish, and even the joints between glazed 

Longitudinal Section. Providence Square Station. 

terests. Among the latter are transportation facilities, 

gas, electricity, etc. Included with the former is 

the public convenience station. There is no other public 

improvement which affects such a large number of 

taxpayers, and which can be provided at such slight 

expense to the individual. 

Every park development scheme should include 

plans for the inclusion of such stations. In addition, 

tile will absorb this gas. Once any material becomes perthey 

should be located at other points conveniently 

meated with this odor, it is impossible to keep the station 

accessible to the public. 

either sanitary or odorless. Argentine glass has been found 

No industrial plant would consider for a moment 

to be impracticable on account of its cracking. 

the omission of such an important feature from its 

Another point I consider essential is to have all fixtures 

plans. Business men realize that money invested in 

operate automatically, such as flush tvpe water-closets which 

such features, in rest rooms, etc., yields future profits. 

are flushed with the release of pressure on the seat. By 

using automatic flush tank arrangement for the urinals 

In many states the factory laws establish the mini 

they may be flushed at any at any stated interval. 

mum facilities of this nature which must be provided 

In the convenience station illustrated this feature 

in such class of buildings, the lawmakers realizing 

has been admirably worked out. Even the exhaust for 

that the health of the employees must be properly 

vitiated air having been camouflaged by treating it as 

safeguarded. 

a large flower urn, which adds to, rather than detracts 

from, the general appearance. 

The approach to a comfort station should be attractively 

laid out, the landscape design incorporating the use of 

IZaSSffiHSTT 

hedges, flowers and trees, so that the entrances will be 

somewhat secluded, and the whole appearance made so as 

to add to the attractiveness of the parkwav or place where 

the structure is located. 

Interior View, Public Convenience Station at Scranton 

Pa. 

In every community there are certain conveniences 

which must be provided by the municipality, and certain 

which can be legitimately provided by private in- 

P.an Showing MeânicaÊquipment, Providence 

There seems no logical reason to compel the installation 

of such features in buildings constructed by pri- 

leltX ""* '^^ ^ ^^ throughout the 

rest of the community. As a matter of fact, it is easy 

to determine the progressive city or town by investigating 

its mumc.pal works, and to see to what extent 

the taxpayers are benefited thereby 

dent7and .o e f ing t0 *"""* the P ublic ' both as resi " 

fnto t. „ A r? P ur P° ses > ^ d do well to look 

____?_.,».• . °? g * he Hne ° utlined and see if it« ° 

record is satisfactory in this respect.


Duties of Plumbing Inspector and Method of Recording 

Inspection According to State Plumbing Law 

Administration of Public Health in Ohio 

By oAden E. Smith 

SCIENCE has definitely proven that wastes from 

any given plane of life are destructive to that 

plane from which they spring. This is specially 

true of human life, for it is well known that many 

of the most fatal diseases to which the race is subject 

originate from insufficient removal and improper 

disposal of the body wastes. 

The first sanitary law of which we have any record 

was promulgated by Moses when he commanded the 

children of Israel to bury the waste from their bodies 

in the earth. (Deut. 23:12 and 13.) This would 

indicate that even in ancient times the danger to 

human life from waste products was recognized. 

Much ingenuity has been exercised in modern 

times to remove liquid and solid waste matter in a 

safe manner from buildings used for human occupancy 

and habitation, and to furnish a copious supply 

of pure water for drinking, bathing and all domestic 

uses. This has been best accomplished by the 

installation of modern, sanitary plumbing, where 

water-flushed fixtures receive the wastes and remove 

them through a sewerage system to a safe place of 

disposal. It is very important, however, that systems 

of plumbing be installed in buildings so as to 

conform with well-known natural and hygienic laws. 

This requires the practical application of these laws 

by persons well informed and trained in their par 

ticular line. 

Most progressive cities, or other political subdivisions, 

maintain ordinances providing for the inspection 

of plumbing installed in every class of building 

within their corporations and define certain methods 

which must be used. 

All district boards of health as organized under 

the Griswold Public Health Law have the authority 

to create the office of plumbing inspector in their district 

and define his duties. The law of Ohio requires 

that local ordinances or resolutions 

Definite Duties prescribing the method of installing 

of Plumbing plumbing must not conflict with the 

Inspector provisions of the State Plumbing 

Code. For this reason the best 

method for municipalities is to adopt an ordinance 

creating the office of city plumbing inspector, define 

his duties, state his salary and incorporate in this 

ordinance by reference Sections 12600-137 to 12600- 

273 G. C, Ohio laws, which is the Ohio State Plumbing 

Code, making it apply to all classes and character 

of buildings within their jurisdiction. A recent opinion 

of the Attorney-General has held this to be legal. 

The Ohio State Plumbing Code is administered by 

tlie Ohio State Department of Health through a State 

inspector of plumbing, which office is created by Section 

1261-1 to 15 G. C. It is the duty of the Division 

of Plumbing to examine and approve plans of plumbing, 

drainage and sanitary equipment to be installed 

in all buildings coming within the jurisdicton of the 

State inspector of plumbing. An opinion of the Attorney-General 

holds that these include all buildings, 

except single or double dwellings unless such buildings 

are situated within a municipality or other political 

subdivision enforcing an ordinance or resolution 

regulating the inspection of plumbing. These 

plans must be submitted before the contract for the 

sanitary work has been awarded. 

In addition to the examination and approval of 

plans, the State inspector of plumbing issues permits 

to install sanitary equipment upon application 

in regular form, and payment of fees as required by 

law. Inspections of all plumbing in- 

Records of installations are made and those that are 

Plumbing insanitary or defective condemned. He 

Jobs keeps proper records of all work submitted 

to his office and makes monthly reports 

to the State Commissioner of Health and the 

Ohio Public Health Council. When jobs are completed, 

he may issue certificates of approval and may 

revoke same for cause. It is his duty to enter prosecutions 

against all persons violating the provisions of 

the Plumbing Code or Sections 1261 — 15, G. C. 

In addition to the above duties it is the desire of 

the division of plumbing to assist in educational work 

along sanitary lines as the occasion presents itself. 

Many requests are received from clubs, city councils, 

chambers of commerce and other organizations interested 

in public health work for a representative of 

the division to address them on the relation of plumbing 

to the public health. We accept these invitations 

cheerfully whenever possible and in the past have 

illustrated our lectures with appropriate slides. 

Beginning July 1, 1920, the State Department of 

Health will register all persons engaged in the business 

of plumbing as provided for in Sections 1261-2, 

G C This will be without cost to the applicant for 

registration and if registered a suitable certificate will 

be issued by the department. The information received 

in this way will be valuable to the department 

and facilitate its work. 

It is the desire of the department to solicit the cooperation 

not only of the plumbers of the State in 

this work, but all citizens who are interested in better 

health.

70 Alt WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 16, 1920 

A Comprehensive Treatment of the Factors 

Governing Circulation and Their Application 

to Heating Building 

New Treatment of Hot Water Heating 

By Edivard E. Parker 

W H E R E it is necessary to have a radiator on the 

same level as the heater, if there are other radiators 

on the floor above, it is a simple matter to 

bring the return pipe down into the top of the lower 

radiator to act as its flow, and run the return pipe 

back to the heater by any one of the three ways 

shown in Fig. 20. If there are no higher radiators 

from which the flow pipe can be taken, a single radiator 

on the same level as the heater should be connected 

botli at flow and return, as shown in the 

Radiators on solid lines in that cut. The dotted lines 

the Heater 

Level 

showing the return pipe running as directly 

as possible from the return opening 

in the radiator to the return opening 

in the heater illustrates the usual practice. If a door 

or some similar obstruction should intervene, the return 

would be run beneath the floor as shown by the 

lower dotted lines. 

Both of these methods of running back the returns 

should be avoided, the latter especially, because the 

heat lost below the floor is not only wasted, but wasted 

*UI 

/ 

Drip Cock 

=SJ 

= f c 

. _— 

Dr/0 Cock 

Fig. 20. Heating- Radiators Below Supply 

and Return Mains. 

in such a manner as to retard and often to prevent the 

water circulating through the radiator. If the return 

pipe be taken from the bottom of the radiator and 

then upward to the level of the flow pipe, or just be 

PART X 

low it, and thence, rising at the same grade as the flow 

pipe, back to the place where it must drop to the bottom 

of the heater, the circulation will be accelerated, 

unnecessary expense avoided and fuel saved for reasons 

which have already been explained. 

Of course some method of venting the return loop 

must be provided, but pet cocks must be avoided, as 

they are liable to be neglected. The best way to vent 

this return pipe is by means of a Y^-in. connection 

leading from the top of the highest fitting on the return 

pipe to the expansion tank or any pipe that is 

naturally vented in the manner shown in Fig. 21. The 

upward loop in the -/4~in. pipe is necessary, because 

d'Htnt- 

A _•/'urn Afa/n 

HO: 

10_J~ Oêrf/orY 

•Expansion 7bnk 

A/ow Mar//? 

Fig 21. Venting System Through Expansion Tank. 

the air which will always remain in the top of it prevents 

any short circuiting of water from the expansion 

tank into the perpendicular part of the return main, 

whicli otherwise would occur whenever the water in 

the expansion tank rose above the point where the 

pipe enters it. 

This loop should be several inches high nnd put together 

at the top with a close nipple, so as to bring 

the legs as near together as possible, in order that the 

slightest amount of air will be sufficient to seal the 

passage. Fig. 20 shows how the main should be 

vented. 

Where the building is one that requires a considerable 

amount of radiation, more or less distributed, all 

in rooms on the same level as the heater, it is something 

of a problem to lay out a system that will circulate 

the water in a satisfactory manner, and owing 

to the constantly increasing number of garages, conservatories 

and similar one-story structures, the demand 

for this sort of hot water installations is proportionally 

increased.


In such installations as these, as in all hot-water 

heating work, the water will circulate through the system 

whenever there is fire in the heater, provided that 

/Air Loop 

Dra/77 AaAe- 

Fig 22. Supply and Return Connections from Same 

Main Mitre Coil Below It. 

the cooling center is above the heating center, as previously 

explained, unless there are air pockets or other 

obstructions inside the pipe. 

In order to induce a reasonably rapid circulation 

where there is much retarding force, care should be 

taken to remove every possible impediment that would 

tend to retard the circulation. To do this, the pipes 

should be a size larger, and the overhead mains often 

two sizes larger, than would be necessary if the radiation 

were' above the mains. Care should be taken never 

to butt return lines, and such details as the careful 

reaming of pipes, which ordinarily may be omitted, 

should be attended to. 

When the system involves the heating of a number 

of radiators or wall coils, the flow should rise directly 

to the highest point and be vented as already described. 

Then the main should run around the building 

as in the single circuit system. If there should 

happen to be a room or two upstairs which needs to 

be heated, these radiators should be connected as already 

described, and they will be a great help in accelerating 

the circulation through the radiators below. 

The returns from the radiators near the heater may 

be carried back separately if desired, but care should 

be taken that the high places should be vented as before 

described. 

rffP/pe ^-Ceiling 

Wains' 

WCTanK 

Fig. 24. A System Without an Expansion Tank. 

Mitre coils with the perpendicular pipes extending 

high on the wall give the best results with this sort 

of work. The horizontal header should be the one 

nearest the heater as the water flows, and the return 

pipe which runs up into the main again should be taken 

from the bottom of the return header as shown in 

Fig. 22. These pipes should be the full size of the 

main. Another pipe of the same size should lead 

from the other end of the flow header and up into the 

bottom of the main as shown. If the main between 

these two points was entirely open, the water would 

flow freely through it and would never pass through 

the coil at all. If the main, between these two points, 

were plugged tight, or a piece of it cut out, it would 

be impossible to keep the air from collecting at the 

high points and shutting off the circulation. 

The scheme of plugging the main, leaving only a 

/^\ Fig. 23. The Method That 

Insures Circulation and 

Heating. 

small hole at the top for the passage of air, has been 

tried without much success, it being difficult to have a 

hole so small that no considerable quantity of water 

will go through it and thus throw the plant out of 

operation further along, and still be large enough to 

keep the main always vented. This may be done by 

the use of the air trap around a gate valve, as shown 

in Fi"-. 22 and 23. If the room is so high that this 

valve would be difficult to reach, a quick opening valve 

operated by means of a pulley and chain may be used. 

When the system is filled with water, which should 

always be done by means of a pipe connected to return 

main or into the bottom of the heater, the air 

which the water displaces flows freely from the low 

to the high part of the main through the air trap.


'- 

i 

r 

Dro/rj P'/oe 

\^ end Coe A, 

Bi/-Pc33 

* 7. 

» Air Trajo 

•* 

1 

**— Water Stz/op/y 

Draw-off CocA V" 

anaffire?//?P/pe ~-x__U 

Fig. 25. A Hot Water Heating Plant With Every Radiator Below Mains and on s'ame Floor as Boiler. 

When the water reaches such a height that both ends 

of the air trap are under water, there is no place for 

the air inside it to escape and what is left there is 

pressed into the top of the loop, and effectually cuts 

off any leakage of water through it. 

There is, however, a considerable quantity of air 

in the water itself from which it separates when the 

water is heated, and this air rises to join the other air 

in the trap. When it collects in sufficient quantity to 

overflow, the surplus is forced out into the highest section 

of the main, from which it escapes through the 

main vent. If a coil instead of a radiator is to be 

heated where the horizontal header is considerably below 

the main, the space in the main between the two 

ends of the air trap may be plugged tight and the valve 

placed as shown in Fig. 22. This allows the water to 

bypass through the flow header without going through 

the remainder of the coil. 

It often happens that in heating installations which 

are confined to a single story, there is no room to put 

an expansion tank above the mains. In such a case an 

ordinary water-closet ball cock tank, located several 

feet below the mains can be utilized for the purpose as 

shown in Fig. 24. 

With this arrangement, the system is filled in the 

usual way by opening the water-supply valve which 

lets the water into the bottom of the heater. As the 

water goes in the air is driven out through the vent 

pipes shown in the sketch leading out of the top of 

the mains, through the air chamber made of l^-in. 

pipe clamped to the ceiling and down into the bottom 

of the ball cock tank through the y2-in. brass pipe 

starting from near the top of the tee and reaching almost 

to the bottom of the tank. 

Brass should always be used for the piece which 

goes into the tank, as there is less corrosion. As the 

water flows into the system the air goes out, rising 

through the water in the tank with a bubbling sound. 

When that sound ceases, the system is full. 

When the water is heated, it expands the surplus 

over into the tank and thence to the bowl if the tank 

gets too full. When the fire goes down the water 

contracts m volume, forming a vacuum in the air chamber 

This sucks up from the tank the necessary water 

to nil it so that the apparatus requires very little attention 

as far as water is concerned. In a situation 

like this steam would be likely to get into the air trap 

if the water in the heater should boil, so the legs of 

the trap should be as high and as close together as 

possible, in order that the smallest possible amount of 

air will seal the system. 

An entire heating plant is shown in Fig. 25 where 

everything is contained within rooms on a single floor 

and the expansion tank some 3 ft. below the mains. 

(To Be Continued) 

Safety is the corner-stone of efficiency. The more 

_____• ___rzs he — ••*•* » J: 

.


It Has the Merit of Service With Satisfaction 

For a Number of Years on Many Farms 

Ventilating System for Modern Dairy Bar 

T) EFORE the new era in milk production and the 

*-' care of dairy herds, any kind of shelter for the 

cows was considered good enough. The barns 

20 and more years ago were sided with rough lumber 

and only in rare cases double boarded. Cracks an 

inch wide were common and the stock was merely protected 

from the severe winter storms under these 

conditions. 

The prosperous, up-to-date farmer has learned that 

his cows must be comfortable in the winter season if 

he expects to receive from them the income necessary 

to pay for their maintenance and leave a surplus to 

meet all other farm and family expenses. The new 

barns are well built, being ceiled on the inside and 

made as weatherproof as possible. These barns are 

supplied with an abundance of windows and with 

concrete walls and floors. 

In New York State fully 90 per cent, of the farmers 

have equipped their stables with water buckets, so 

that the cows may drink at any time of day or night 

and the milk production has increased wonderfully. 

V, gc - ai ' A -Â^/CanopLf braces. 

Sejuare to 

round transip~^ 

tion 

Sec at' B 

Fig. i. 

E3EJ 

Joice 

y 

F.yz 

F* 1 -Outer shell. 

-Foul air shaft. 

-Dead air space 

Rect. to round base. 

Plate-- 

_T Ha * fhot 

Ceiling 

Foul air shaft 

 

A Slitting 

fl 1111111 ri 

Q older 

I. 

Hea\iu 06. 

Centering q sta, stay 

\ 

%A>—> Fiq. 6. 

A 

J 

^-Solder 

B.


This is the field that many country shops would line and is then cased from floor to roof with wood 

work with profit to themselves and with satisfaction to boxing. This keeps it warm and adds to efficiency 

the community served. Any who sees fit to go after and also prevents it being crushed by pressure of hay. 

barn ventilation business should get a price which will Where expense has to be considered, the system is 

enable him to make the work up in the best manner installed as shown in Fig. 1, the round pipe continu 

possible. The portion of the system or the ventilator ing only just below roof where connection is made by 

above the barn roof is exposed to excessive strain from square to round transition with square wood shaft. 

high winds and should be made of No. 22 gauge mate The lower end of foul air shaft in stable is shown in 

rial with provision to guy with wires to roof by at Fig. 3. This is brought to within 18 in. of the floor. 

taching heavy loops to outer shell. These loops should The plan of barn is given in Fig. 4 with the outlet 

be reinforced with washers of heavy stock. The can- flues at A and fresh air inlets at B. These, it will be 

seen, are not placed opposite each other, but are 

"staggered." The stanchion lines are shown at C, 

the barn gutters at D and E is the driveway. 

In Fig. 5 is shown how nuts are soldered to outer 

shell in their proper location. These receive the bolts 

which hold the canopy legs. The canopy is not placed 

until balance of ventilator is erected. 

In Fig. 6 A shows how outer shell and inner flue are 

held together at top. The inner flue is assembled and 

made of sufficient length to reach from top of ventilator 

to below roof. Same is beaded as shown, with 

heavy O. S. bead, y2 in. from the edge. This edge is 

Outer Shell 

slitted every half inch, and the outer 

shell and top ring are fastened with burr 

and Inner edge, as shown, and soldered. The in- 

Flue ner diameter of top ring is cut to make a 

very tight fit for inner flue. Then the 

Fig. 7. View of Ventilator On Barn Roof. outer shell with top ring attached is dropped over in- 

opy legs should be of good heavy galvanized band iron 

and should be so attached to the canopy that no wind 

can ever loosen them. 

The size of ventilator in most common use in this 

part of New York State is 2_ in. in diameter inside 

and 28 in. outside. It will be noticed in Fig. 1 that 

the construction above the roof allows an air space 

between the inner flue and the outer shell. This air 

space prevents the extremely cold air coming in contact 

with the foul air shaft proper and adds greatly 

to the efficiency of the ventilator. These ventilators 

can, of course, be made in any desired size. 

Experience has taught that 23 sq. in. of foul air 

outlet and 20 sq. in. of fresh air inlet are as nearlv 

correct as possible for best results. The fresh air inlets 

are made of No. 26 galvanized iron and are each 

supplied with furnace pipe damper. This permits the 

air supply being throttled if extreme cold or high wind 

prevails. 

The method of introducing this fresh air is shown 

in Fig. 3 with the pipe brought through the side of 

the barn just above the sill and continued up inside 

the stable, delivering the fresh air at the ceiling. The 

detail in Fig. 3 shows how the lower elbow passes 

through both ceiling and siding and also that this leg 

of elbow has considerable pitch which allows it to 

drain out any condensation or any storm water which 

might blow into it. 

A cross section of ventilator is shown in Fig. 1 and 

it is only necessary to add in explanation that" for the 

size ventilator mentioned above the air space would 

be 2 in. The overhang of the canopy would be 10 in 

The clearance between top of ventilator and bottom of 

canopy would be 9 in. 

Where the customer will pay a little more the round 

galvanized iron foul air shaft is continued to hay-floor 

"f _» %l n d Slit edge is turned down and soldered as 

at tf. the centering stays are shown in Fig. 6, which 

take the strain off top ring while ventilator is being 

handled at shop and during erection. The round sections 

of outer shell is, of course, nicely fitted at shop 

to lower rectangular base but is left loose for ease in 

handling. 

To erect, the base section is placed on the roof, the 

hole being cut between two rafters, and is shingled in. 

The upper section of outer shell, with sufficient inner 

s,tion Ind . lT. bd0W r °° f ' iS neXt raised to poit.on 

and carefully lowered through base until upper 

sec ion and base are engaged. The canopv is .hen 

Souid: p r a ^ d %° ** wires att - h ^. &__ 

should be put on double and then twisted taut The 

The'woo°d r °h n ft*" 113111011 , " n6Xt inserted bel -of 

whe„ fre-fh "° W built by the Car P enter and > 

A finished v Qlr P T 3re inStalkd ' the J° b is fi -êd 

when nfcelv Z rf °T " Flg ' ? ' Jt wiU be * that 

_renot ov ,T £ . pro P 0, - tione d these ventilators 

are not only a benefit but an ornament. 

in The 6 pTa/in F" T_ &1 7S be P kced as sh ° 

pWeL P t 1 :xt,:mIê 4 ofb S a 0 rn et Tnth they "*" ^ 

offset above hay floor must be made Th. " ^ ^ 

must use good judgment an rf! 

e mechamc 

all changes in direci" 

3nd have 

"^^ 

the "draff of th"-flue ^ ** P SsMe t0 favor 

° 

ûXVe^lbtn ^r^ 01 ^ DOt ^ 

a track for carrying w L ^ ^ T ^ 

thiS is that 

No patterns forVhe _ K 7 7 * Pkced in the P eak ' 

have been ine Sed in t. . , partS . of , the *»««*» 

the class of evervdav S ,' "J 

aU COmes under 

be made with a roun^ h °P w ° ^ , , T h i s ventila ^ can 

The rectangl, base Sf I û t0P t0 r °° f - 

appearance adds much ' however, to the

uly 16, 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 75 

Time to Repair 

Heating and Cooking Apparatus 

The Trade Throughout the Country Should Unite 

AC USTOMER served promptly is a customer 

in Keeping this Idea Before the Puhlic 

pleased. Repairs to heating and cooking apparatus, 

as a rule, are of an imperative nature so 

that when they are needed, the man should be 

ready to supply what is required. If this fact is 

kept in front of the householder, he will look into 

his kitchen range and see the condition of the firebox 

linings and grates and he will also realize that he 

cannot start up his heating apparatus next fall unless 

everything is in good condition. 

However, human nature is so constituted that unless 

this thing is kept before a man, he is likely to 

neglect it. Then he will be unreasonable in his demands 

upon the heating contractor and speak disparagingly 

of him if the service desired is not prompt. 

It cannot be prompt with conditions as they are now 

in all of the foundries manufacturing this line of 

goods. 

In most instances these plants cannot get the number 

of molders they require; they have orders for 

their popular goods that must be filled, and to get the 

patterns from the pattern loft to make repairs for 

goods on the market some time, requires time and patience 

on the part of an indispensable man so that 

orders for such repairs placed to be shipped by the 

next freight are likely to lead to disappointing results. 

Then again, if the foundry is given some time, the 

necessary grates, grate bars, firebox linings of various 

sorts, or other repair castings can be put on a list at 

the foundry and made as opportunities offer so as to 

be ready for delivery when the last call is made. 

The man who goes into any house to make repairs of 

any sort and overlooks the opportunity to note the condition 

of the vulnerable parts of the 

Make Investiga- heater or the range, is neglecting a 

tion of People's good chance to bring back an order 

Equipment for required repairs that should be 

procured during the season when 

the apparatus is not in heavy use so that they can be 

made before the rush of business for the fall season 

comes. 

There are always a number of people who are not 

foresighted and they will not take advantage of time 

to prepare for what is sure to be needed. There are 

other people more inclined to prepare for their future 

wants. And, if the heating contractor and the local 

tradesman will see to it that those who are likely to 

need repairs arrange to have them made when the 

rush season is some distance off, there is a better 

probability of the tradesman doing a larger amount 

of business during the year and consequently a larger 

profit. There is also the certainty of being able to 

do the work as it ought to be done when there is not 

so much of a drive and thereby giving better satisfaction 

to the customer. 

If the smoke pipe is taken down and cleaned at 

this season of the year, wrapped up in newspaper and 

stored in a dry place, it will increase 

Put the Chim- the length of its service very mateney 

Connections rially. If it is put up again in the 

in Order fall at the right time, it will insure 

the apparatus having the full draft 

of the chimney and this sort of repair work brings 

other work to mind. Cleaning the flues is sure to 

increase the efficiency and reduce the coal consumption 

and the heater man should recommend that the 

work be done. 

It is always quite possible that some feature of the 

kitchen equipment needs overhauling when repairs are 

made to the range and it is well not to overlook things 

of this sort, like covering the drainboard to the sink, 

or the kitchen table, with a piece of zinc. The fixing 

of the stove pipe and the heater may also prove an opportunity 

to discover that the furnace pipe to some 

room is too small to do the heating required, that a 

register placed in another room would increase the 

comfort, a larger radiator in some room would be better, 

or the different location of a radiator would be 

more convenient to the family. 

All these things are of a nature to increase the comforts 

and pleasures of the owner and those who use 

any pretext to get work done at this season will continue 

popular with those who can start the fire in their 

apparatus when most needed without being obliged to 

wait for the workman to do some overlooked but muchneeded 

repair or adjustment. 

Again, the stock of repair castings in the hands of 

the wholesalers are better at this season of the year 

than they will be in the rush season. They also have 

plenty of time to sort out what is required carefully 

and correctly, and make the shipment. 

Get Orders in And with the railroads as slow in the 

for Repair delivery of goods as they have been 

Castings recently, this is a matter of great importance. 

It is useless to complain 

about slow delivery if the ordering has been put off 

till the last minute. Get your customers alive to 

their needs. Get your order in for what they need. 

Get the stock into your shop and then keep busy on 

repair work until everybody in your neighborhood 

thinks you are the greatest fellow in the town because 

you do what they want done when it ought to be done 

and leave their outfits in shape for immediate service. 

Don't pose as a superior being just because you 

are succeeding; others have succeeded before you 

were born; still others are succeeding now; yet others 

will succeed after you are dead and gone. 

—Associated Advertising.

76 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 16. 1920 

Has the Spirit for Achievement Through 

Associated Efforts in Training and Success 

Midland Club's New President 

When a man shows the generosity to take a leadership with all its responsibility, 

those in the field are ready to pay tribute to making his acquaintance. In response 

to an invitation to give something on his entrance to the furnace industry, J. M. Trigg, 

the new president of the Midland Club, has taken those in the field generously into 

his confidence. 

IT is with pleasure that I acknowledge your congratulations 

and expressions of good will on the 

event of my having been honored with the position 

of president of the Midland Club. In compliance 

with your request you have my portrait, although I 

am not very strong on publicity, but have no obj ection 

in this event. I feel that I have been highly honored 

and am only glad to render such service as I can to 

this organization. 

I did hesitate, however, to accept the position as I 

cannot hold a candle to my predecessor, John D. 

Green, who has not only been faithful in attendance 

at the meetings but has a splendid manner of conducting 

the meetings so as to keep up the lively interest 

as well as adding a whole lot to the good cheer and 

sending the men home in any event feeling that it has 

paid them for the time and money spent at the meeting. 

However, inasmuch as Mr. Green had retired 

from the furnace field and it was felt that something 

should be relieved, of course there was nothing else 

to do but select a new president, and, as I was the 

vice-president for several years, naturally was promoted 

to the higher position. 

I am very anxious for the success of the Midland 

Club during my administration, but feel that its success 

will not depend on me alone as every member of 

our club is a live wire and any one of them could preside 

very graciously should it fall upon them to do so. 

Of course, as you know, our secretary, Allen W. Williams, 

cannot be excelled in the position which he occupies, 

which, after all, is the important one in our 

organization. 

Others as well as yourself may be interested in 

my early connection with the furnace industry. I 

might say briefly that I have been more or less inter 

Early 

Connection 

zvith Industry 

senior, and I, 

ested in this business for the past 35 

years. I began as a hardware clerk 

at the age of 14 years, at which time 

we would occasionally sell a wood 

furnace. My brother, 5 years my 

installed a steel furnace in our home 

when we were quite young men, using a steel boiler 

for the fire box and made our radiators out of 9-in 

smoke pipe. It worked very satisfactorily so far as 

producing was concerned, but consumed quite a large 

amount of 4-ft. wood which we did not appreciate, as 

it was our job to keep the furnace supplied with fuel 

However, it answered our purpose for a number of 

years, until I became interested in the manufacture 

of furnaces, at which time we replaced the old steel 

boiler furnace with a modern coal-burning furnace, 

which is still serving its purpose in the same residence. 

After several years' experience as clerk I became 

The Plant 

in Huntington, 

Ind. 

President J. M. Trig-g 

ambitious to engage in the manufacturing business 

and an opportunity presented for me to organize and 

take charge of a small furnace foundry located in 

Michigan. 

This business grew to some extent and I found it 

necessary to secure larger quarters where I could manufacture 

to a better advantage and decided on the 

present location in Huntington, Ind., 

where the present plant was erected 

and began operations in 1907. We have 

built up a nice furnace business which 

. .u .u , re P resents ab °ut one-half of our industry, 

the other half being taken up with our Building 

Specialty Department in the manufacture of Majestic 

coal chutes garbage receivers and milk and package 

receivers We have recently perfected and placed on 

deMrfS,1 ° Ur DUP16X h6atin S S ? stem -hlch I am 

lit \l Say I S pr ° vin S a w °nderful success. 

felt tha. ^ PiP if^ fUrnaCe firSt became P°P ular > 

felt that we could have a heating system that would 

idTa P R:if hit W U h ° U t -P.-ngfhe'original pipTe ss 

dea Realizing some of the disadvantages of a floor 

level pipeless register, we designed, perfected and pat-


ented our system, using an upright register to discharge 

the warm air into the room and for taking back 

at each end of the register the cold air from the room. 

We are not only attaching this improvement to our 

own furnaces, but are furnishing our outfits to several 

large firms which are using it in connection with their 

production, and they report to us that they also are 

having success. 

As to the Midland Club, I attended the first meeting 

that was held in the Auditorium Hotel in Chicago, under 

direction of Mr. Jones, who was one 

One of of the original organizers of the Midland 

the First Club. Our company has been a member 

Members of the Club ever since its organization 

and has usually had some one in attendance 

at the meetings. Personally I have obtained 

from this club many desirable ideas. I rarely attended 

a meeting when some idea has not been presented 

that would make the time well spent. 

I prize more highly, however, the acquaintances I 

have made of the manufacturers of warm-air furnaces 

in the Middle West, many of whom I feel are personal 

friends. Had it not been for my association with the 

Midland Club, I never would have had an opportunity 

to make their acquaintance and I realize that a fine 

bunch of men constitute the head of the furnace manufacturers, 

not only in the Middle West but throughout 

the United States. The exchange of ideas and 

different papers and talks that we have been privileged 

to hear have been very beneficial to me as well 

as to other members of the Club. 

Since its organization I do not know of any member 

who has been in any way dissatisfied or withdrawn 

his membership. On the other hand I have noticed 

a steady growth and in every instance the new 

niembers have become as enthusiastic as those who 

have had the privilege of being members for a longer 

time. At our last meeting we had the largest attendance 

of members which we ever had, which shows the 

fine spirit and good interest in the organization and 

the steady growth. 

The outlook for the warm-air furnace industry, I 

feel, shows a very great future. Hardly a modern 

house is planned but there is some kind of a heating 

plant installed in it, and with the lm- 

Our Good provement in installation. And I feel 

Influence there are many ways of bettering the 

on Industry construction of furnaces. The warmair 

furnace industry has acquired a 

much better reputation than it had at the time of the 

organization of our club. This, I feel, is largely due 

to many articles that have been published in METAL 

WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER along the lines 

of better installation work. This is due to the fact 

that the dealers in warm-air furnaces have realized 

that in order to install a plant to give universal results, 

it must be sufficiently large and the cold air 

circulation must be properly taken care of to obtain 

the desired results. I refer more particularly to that 

class of residence that requires a pipe installation. 

In regard to the pipeless furnace I am sure that in 

many instances it is a success where the building is 

properly constructed or planned to be heated in this 

manner. But the dealers who have made a study of 

the proper circulation are being very careful as to 

how they would recommend the installation of a pipe 

less furnace. They are using good judgment in installing 

pipeless furnaces only in such residences or 

buildings in which they can render good results. It 

is not a possible thing to make a pipeless furnace answer 

all different conditions. 

I feel that dealers are guarding against errors that 

might creep in and that they are more careful in their 

guarantee than when the pipeless furnace was first 

introduced. 

Furnace Dealers I was very much interested in the 

More Careful article based on the letter from an 

English heating contractor to METAL 

WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER which was 

read before the meeting and which appeared in the 

issue of July 2. The manufacturer requested information 

pertaining to the successful installation of warmair 

heating in this country and in which he stated 

that the English people had not really accepted the 

warm-air furnace as a residence heater, due to the 

fact that they considered them insanitary and permitted 

dust to circulate through the house. He also 

stated that the English people preferred an open fire 

to a warm-air furnace on account of the dust and dirt. 

My thought in connection with this letter is that, if 

it would be possible for the American people now 

enjoying the comforts of splendidly heated homes by 

means of warm-air furnaces, when the furnaces are 

carefully installed, to tell their experience to English 

home-makers, there would be a great demand for 

proper warm-air heating plants in England. To compare 

an open fire in the matter of cleanliness, which 

we all realize means cold corners of the room and 

only warmth that radiates directly from the fire, with 

a well-planned inside air circulating warm-air system, 

would be decidedly in favor of the warm-air lieating 

system, both as to satisfactory heat and cleanliness. 

To be able to demonstrate the advantages no doubt 

would take some effort and several years of hard 

work to overcome what would seem to me to be a 

prejudice on the part of the English people. 

While I feel that there has been great progress 

made in the perfection of a warm-air heating system, 

yet I am sure we will see more improvement from 

time to time and I am confident that the warm-air 

heating industry in this country will be universally 

used for residence purposes, as well as for ordinarysized 

store rooms, small churches, and buildings of 

suitable character that require a central station heating 

system. It was not my intention to write at such 

length but I feel that many besides yourself will be 

interested in my thoughts on the furnace business. 

In closing, I send you a most hearty invitation to 

visit our city and look over our plant, which is not a 

large one, but which, I feel, is up to date. At the 

first opportunity I shall accept your invitation to call 

upon you. 

If you own your little home, and by economizing 

are able to buy the house next door to rent out, is it 

good sense for you to give the other house to some 

fellow for nothing, when you earned the money by 

hard work—while the other fellow who wants you to 

divide with him, laid off and talked and talked about 

the d robbing capitalist? 

It can't be done. —An American Workman.

78 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTEE July 16. 1920 

Molders Have I ôt Surrendered 

Any Jurisdiction Over Their Trade 

The agreement entered into with the Stove Found There is nothing in the position which the Interers' 

National Defense Association last December, national Molders' Union has taken which is intended 

which provided for the shaking out, trimming of cast to interfere with the rights of any other organization. 

ings and wetting and cutting of the sand without cost On the other hand, it is advisable before any compli 

to the molder, has, saj's the International Molders' 

Journal, established a condition which makes it necessary 

that the Iron Molders' LTnion of North America 

should definitely define its position upon certain 

questions which already have arisen and which may 

arise again in the future. 

When this agreement was entered into, it did not 

include any surrender of the molder's right to shake 

out his work, trim his castings and cut over his sand. 

The agreement does not mean that the 

Provisions Molders' Union surrendered to others 

of Agreement any part of the molder's trade. The 

agreement provides that this work will 

be done for the molder without charge, and it further 

provides that, when laborers cannot be secured 

to do this work, the molder is to do it himself, and for 

this to receive an extra compensation, the amount of 

compensation being provided for by agreement. 

One or two instances have occurred where firms 

were unable to secure shakers out and sand cutters, 

or where those so employed quit work. The condition 

which was created makes it most essential that 

the position of the Iron Molders' Union of North 

America should be clearly and definitely defined. A 

ruling has been made by Acting President Keough, 

which in turn has been endorsed by the Executive 

Board, which provides that: 

The substance and intent of the present agreement 

is that in foundries, members of the Stove Founders' 

National Defense Association, the molder's work will 

be shook out, his castings trimmed and his sand cut, 

and that where for any reason this is not done, the 

molder is to be paid additional compensation as provided 

for in the agreement for doing this work. 

There is in existence an organization of foundry 

laborers. It is natural to expect that men employed 

to shake out and cut sand may become members. 

The Molders' Union has never had any unfriendly 

feeling toward the International Brotherhood of 

Foundry Employes. In more than one instance the 

officers of the Molders' Union have as- 

Feeling sisted the International Brotherhood of 

of Union Foundry Employes in securing an ad- 

Friendly justment of their grievances and they 

intend to maintain this friendly attitude. 

The International Brotherhood of Foundry Employees 

has never claimed jurisdiction over the 

shaking out of work and the cutting over of sand. 

They recognize that this was as much a part of the 

molder's trade as drawing patterns or pouring iron; 

that it had been a part of the molder's trade from the 

very beginning of the foundry industry. 

The action which the acting-president and the executive 

board have just taken is an indication that the 

International Molders' Union is not surrendering any 

of its jurisdiction. 

cations arise, that our membership should be made 

well acquainted with the fact that no part of the 

molders' trade has been waived or surrendered, and 

that when, for any reason, men employed to shake 

out and cut over sand fail to do this work, the molder 

will do work he formerly did as a part of his trade. 

The question may be raised whether this is fair to 

the laborers who have been employed to shake out and 

cut sand and who have quit. In connection with this 

it is necessary to bear this distinction in mind, that 

the molder doing work which he always has done and 

which is a part of his trade, occupies an entirely different 

position from the laborer who, when a strike 

of foundry laborers occurs, acts as a strikebreaker 

and takes the striker's place. 

It is natural to assume that questions will arise 

over the quitting of laborers who have been shaking 

out and cutting sand who are members of the International 

Brotherhood of Foundry Employees, and, 

consistent with its lifelong policy, the International 

policy, the International Molders' Union 

Questions will endeavor to adjust these questions 

Certain to upon their merit, and with evenhanded 

Come Up justice to everyone concerned. When such 

questions arise, however, they cannot be 

settled or passed upon by the members of the organization 

locally, except in conformity with the laws, 

agreements and policies of the I. M. U. of N. A. The 

principles involved and the method of applying them 

can only be determined by conventions of the International 

Molders' Union or by negotiations between 

the officers of the International Molders' Union and 

any other organization which has an interest. 

The action of the executive board, whicli has just 

been referred to, is the present policy affecting membership 

and they will undoubtedly be guided accordingly. 

Reads Because of Benefit 

The following extracts are from a letter received 

for H. G. Felser, Harrisburg. Pa. 

Enclosed you will find money order for renewal of my 

subscription for the coming year. I wish to thank METAL 

WORKER, PICMUER AND STEAM FITTER for the valuable 

advice, information and special article which I have found 

in this valuable magazine for the past two years. I am 

connected with a first class sheet metal establishment and 

have need for aid. 

I find lots of information in vour paper and have been 

greatly indebted to it for the' information on pattern 

cutting and designing. I have a number of pattern cutting 

books, but the best of them all is the new METAL WORKEE 

Pattern Book of which there is none better. I am always 

looking for something new and am agreeably surprised 

frequently by something which I can turn to profitable 

account. 

Please put lots of good things into the paper for the 

coming year.—


This is the ..lace to submit your per 


plexing problems---the Place to 




SERVKErlSXKATIS 

FROM JERSEYMAN.—Kindly advise me what to do 

with a horizontal exposed line of 2-in. extra heavy 

cast iron pipe suspended from a ceiling 

Trouble in a cellar that is used as a drain for ice 

with Pipes boxes, soda-water fountains, etc. This 

Sweating drain pipe sweats water so freely and in 

quantities that it may become impossible 

to use the cellar. This drain has several connections 

and is about 40 ft. long. 

FROM A. E. D., CHICAGO.—I am glad to reply to 

"W. H. F." whose inquiry appeared in the issue of 

May 4 that humidity will not cause rust of heater or 

heater pipes. I installed a circular, 

Will Humid- not round, automatically fed evaporat- 

Hy Cause ing pan around the outer chamber of 

Rust? the radiator of my furnace about 7 

years ago. During the winter weather 

it evaporated from 5 to 15 gal. of water per day and 

there is no sign of the rusting of the pipes, which are 

made of IX coke tin. 

FROM C. S., BROOKLYN—Having read the inquiry 

of "W. H." in the issue of July 9, I am glad to come 

to the aid of a fellow citizen, so to speak. I have 

had experience in furnace work pretty well around 

the country and believe in installing things large 

enough, so I enclose a plan showing 

How Should 

Furnace Job be 

Rearranged? 

how I would do the work. I assume 

from the plan "W. H." submits 

that the house is one of a row 

and wind can blow right through 

between two houses and create all kinds of air currents 

so as to draw the air out of the cold air supply 

or blow it in as the case may be. Consequently 

return air ducts from the inside of the building would 

be better than the outside air supply. I indicate 

on my plan where I would locate the furnace and how 

I would pipe it. It is better to put a separate pipe 

to the dining room and to the kitchen. I would use 

a 12 in. pipe to the parlor, as it is on the west and 

has the coldest exposure. I assume that the north 

wall also is cold. This will insure that room being 

warm. I would run a 9-in. pipe to the hall so as to 

be sure of getting it warm enough, a 10-in. pipe to 

the dining room; a 10-in. pipe to the stock that heats 

the rooms on the upper floor and would not enlarge 

this pipe as is suggested. A furnace with a 24-in. 

grate is large enough to carry this number of pipes, 

particularly when a return air supply is being used. 

Then I would take a 9-in pipe from a 10 x 12-in 

register in the kitchen and run it along on the ceiling 

until it was near the dining room return air register, 

which I would put in the corner and run a 10-in. pipe 

so that the two would connect into a 10 x 16-in. 

duct on the'eellar ceiling and run it on to the furnace. 

From the front of the house I would take a 14-in. 

return air pipe from a register near the entrance 

door and inside of the parlor I would take a 12-in. 

pipe from a register near the hall door and connect 

the two into a 10 x 30 in. return air duct running it 

to the furnace. In this way there would be as good 

a circulation of air through the house as could be 

• expected and the cold air would be taken away at 

points where it would be likely to accumulate, and 

_ . /


The Editorial Page 

Have You Stock on Hand? 

N O immediate relief from the present car shortage 

can be promised. This statement is from the 

Commission on Car Service of the American Rail 

road Association or the Car Service Bureau of the 

Interstate Commerce Commission. These two bodies 

have entire authority over the disposition of all classes 

of rolling stock. 

It has been pointed out that there is a million tons 

of manufactured iron and steel material in the Pitts 

burgh district waiting distribution; also that there is 

a possibility of shutting down production- at a time 

when it is most needed because of the accumulation 

which has clogged the storage facilities with no cost 

to move it. Now the pertinent question for every 

business man to ask himself is: "Have I enough of all 

the various stock that I require to carry on the fall 

business, and if not, is it possible for me to get this 

stock in hand in time to meet the requirements?" 

NECESSARY TO LOOK INTO THE FUTURE 

In many instances the smaller tradesmen are not 

apt to take tlieir mind off the urgent work that they 

are doing to look into the future, but it will be essen 

tial that they shall or they will lose profits and busi 

ness this fall. In a recent letter a man stated that 

he had ordered the materials for a plumbing job on 

May 12 and the last of them had arrived on July 1, 

through the substitution of some things for others that 

he would have preferred to use. This is an indication 

that those who have not ordered their stoves, fur 

naces, boilers, radiators, bathtubs, earthenware, sheet 

metal, and such things as they will need in other small 

er specialty lines, will face a strong probability of 

being unable to get them, whether or not manufactur 

ers have them in stock. The reason is that the rail 

roads are not in a position to render anything like 

before-the-war service or the service necessary to take 

care of the needs of the people. 

People who must'travel on the street cars in New 

York are threatened with the privilege of walking 

because of the possibility that there may not be suffi 

cient coal to keep the power stations running. This 

coal will be coming into New York along with the 

things to eat whether or not the people in our field 

get the things they want. 

STOCKS WILL NOT REDUCE IN VALUE 

There is nothing in the present indications to lead 

to the assumption that stock in warehouses or that 

whicli a tradesman may purchase will reduce in value 

so that he may suffer a loss. There is no question 

but that the present high prices will sometime recede, 

but very positive assertion is made by men capable of 

judging that it will not be this year or improbably 

next year. 

The facts in the situation which seem to give weight 

and strength to this position are that there is no ac 

cumulation of boilers, radiators, bathtubs, water clos 

ets, sheet iron or tin plate, in the warehouses except 

in the congested district where they are produced and 

that only in the Pittsburgh district in reference to iron 

and steel broadly. In the other lines not produced to 

any considerable extent in the Pittsburgh district, 

warehouses are not feeling the burden of the output 

of the plants. Consequently nobody in the manufac 

turing line is likely to be caught with such a prepon 

derance of stock on their hands when the new year 

opens as will induce them to reduce their prices. 

Then another thing which will not warrant any con 

siderable recession in prices is that the materials from 

which the goods are made are all very much higher 

in price than they were earlier in the year. Wages 

are higher and materials are higher. Consequentlv 

what goes into the warehouse costs more. Overhead 

is another element of cost. Very few plants are run 

ning full, but the overhead expense continues very 

much as if the plant were running 100 per cent. This 

overhead expense must be spread over a smaller pro 

duction which has the effect of further increasing the 

cost. With these conditions those who look for a re 

cession in the prices of goods used in our field are not 

likelv to receive much encouragement when the need 

for the goods becomes imperative. 

PREPARE TO SERVE CUSTOMERS 

Under the circumstances that have been outlined 

above there is every reason for any progressive busi 

ness man who is anxious to serve his customers to 

spare no effort to get the necessary supplies, to plan 

his work so that the small staff which he can secure 

will be most effective in disposing of it and give that 

treatment, instruction, advice and encouragement to 

those who are laboring for him that will keep up a 

good feeling and the highest production so that the 

greatest number of customers can be taken care of. 

This may be something more of a strain on the 

American business man than he was called upon to 

undergo in former years. However, it is simply the 

cult.vatmn of the practices which underlie the work


of all who have won a generous measure of success. 

He must give more thought to his business to make a 

good estimate of everything he will require, from 

screws and washers to tons of material of _ different 

nature. He must arrange to balance his stock so that 

it will work out even, clean and profitably. 

This is no time for a man to look upon business as 

a pastime. It is one of very great burden and active 

responsibility and only those who have plenty of courage, 

plenty of endurance and plenty of ambition to 

work, and work hard, may justly claim a right to 

enjoy the reward of their activities. There is no 

question but what the manufacturers are sending their 

salesmen out with that character of information to 

which the true business man will be sure to give consideration, 

and, if he does, he will derive from it many 

INASMUCH as workmen's compensation was a new 

department of the law, and for the first few years 

would be in the making, I have made it a point 

to keep in touch with the decisions of the various 

States in order to see how far the law would go in 

executing the most excellent idea which lies at the 

bottom of workmen's compensation, viz.: that where 

a man is injured or killed in the course of his employment, 

keeping him and his family from starving to 

death ought to be considered a public duty and figured 

in the cost of doing business, which is borne bv 

the public in the mass. 

Probably every reader of this article is subject to 

the workmen's compensation law of his State, and he 

will therefore be interested in the report of some recently 

decided cases. These cases show that the law 

has widely departed from the original idea of workmen's 

compensation, which was that a man who caught 

his hand in a machine on which he was working, or 

was hurt by the explosion of chemicals which he was 

handling—in other words, where he was the victim 

of some accident growing directly out of his work, he 

should be compensated by workmen's compensation 

insurance. Read the few sample cases which I report 

and see what a difference there is between the 

original principle of compensation and the one enforced 

now. 

It is remarkable how close the States are in workmen's 

compensation cases. Recognizing that they 

represent, as I have said, a new phase of the law, 

they have evidently felt the need of deciding their 

cases along the same line. Therefore the following 

cases practically represent the general law: 

CASE NO. 1—In this case an employer had a man who 

delivered goods. While at his regular work he had an 

epileptic fit—he was subject to them—fell to the ground 

and fractured his skill so that he died. His employer contended 

that he was not responsible for compensation insur- 

• Copyright Elton J. Buckley. 

useful hints as to the course he should pursue. 

The business man should stock in now while the 

products of the various plants can be shipped and get 

it on the railroad so that even though there is a delay 

in transportation and a dearth of transportation facilities, 

it will at least be on the way and will reach 

its destination at a time when it can be u°ed to advantage. 

If the man wants profit, he must have the 

materials to serve his customers. If he has them he 

can without hesitation ask a fair price and select those 

who will pay their bills to keep liis men employed. 

The time to act is now, whether it be to determine 

the stock needed, to order the stock or to canvass for 

necessary business so as to know the materials that 

will be required and get the orders in for them. Never 

was delay more dangerous to the business man than 

at the present time. 

More Oddities 

of Workmen's Compensation Law 


ance, because epilepsy was not an accident, but a disease. 

The court, however, held that the driver was entitled to 

compensation. 

CASE NO. 2—In this case another delivery man, while 

out on his route, was overtaken by a storm, from which 

he sought shelter While there he was killed by a lightning 

stroke. The court gave him insurance. 

CASE NO. 3—A man employed about a wholesale house 

lifted some heavy stuff one day, this being his regular work, 

and strained himself. Some time afterward he died of an 

abscess on the back. This case was fought hard, but the 

court finally held that the abscess might have come from 

the strain and allowed insurance. 

CASE NO. 4—Two employees of the defendant concern 

got to fighting one day and one was seriously injured. The 

fight grew out of an order which the injured man had properly 

given his assailant, and which the latter resented. One 

finds it hard to see where the employer was in any sense 

responsible for this, but the court, nevertheless, held that 

he was and made him pay the injured employee compensation. 

CASE NO. 5—In this case also a driver figured. The delivery 

wagon was horse driven, and one day while the 

driver was standing over the horse, the animal threw up 

his head and struck him in the face. It appears that at 

this time the driver was suffering with syphilis, which he 

claimed was made worse by the blow. Eventually syphilis 

destroyed one of his eyes. The court took this view and 

made the employer pay. 

CASE NO. 6—A manufacturer of proprietary goods employed 

a demonstrator to show goods in a department store. 

While proceeding to her place she tripped over a torn rug 

and fell heavily, doing herself considerable damage. At first 

the referee said this accident did not arise out of the employment, 

but the court reversed him and made her employer 

pay her $7.50 a week as long as her disability lasted. 

CASE NO. 7—Two competitors did business in very friendly 

relations in the same town. One day one of them was short 

a man and borrowed one from the other. While doing the 

work for which he was loaned, on the borrower's premises, 

the employee was overcome by gas and killed. At first 

glance it would appear as if the dead man's regular employer 

should certainly not be held responsible for this, 

since the accident didn't even happen on his premises. 

Nevertheless, the court said he must pay $10 a week for 

500 weeks. 

(Continued on page 91)


News of the 

TRADE ASSOCIATIONS 

Work National Trade Extension Bureau 

Men WiU Be Put on the Road For Personal Aid of Plumbing 

and Heating Contractor 

An interesting development of the work of the National 

Trade Extension Bureau will be the appearance 

of T. E. B. road men who will personally visit the 

plumbing and lieating contractors throughout the 

country. 

These T. E. B. field men will first be chosen from 

among the men available who have the necessary knowledge 

of the plumbing and lieating trade in a general 

way. They will be carefullv instructed upon every 

branch of the plumbing and lieating contractors' problems 

along lines of thought followed by the bureau. 

These road men will thus become competent business 

advisors for the plumbing and heating contractor on 

almost any possible problem that the contractor might 

be bothered with. They will be thoroughly posted upon 

T. E. B. methods of estimating, contracting, selling, 

and accounting. They will travel constantlv over the 

territory assigned them and personallv bring to the 

local contractor knowledge of T. E. B. advantages. 

By personally visiting the plumbing and heating 

contractor from time to time, these T. E. B. field men 

will be able to give the contractor the exact detailed 

methods of sound business management, which will 

completely and safely solve his problems for him. 

This exactness of mutual understanding is, of course, 

frequently impossible at long range. 

It will be the duty of these T. E. B. men to meet 

with, and visit the meetings of, local associations of 

contractors. At these meetings it will be their duty to 

make interesting talks on various phases of T E B 

methods and work, with the idea of these talks being 

followed by a general and detailed discussion of the 

points brought out. 

It will also be the duty of these T. E. B. field men 

to collect and send into headquarters detailed information 

of any new ideas or methods that they find working 

practically and successfully. 

These T. E. B. men will be put out on the road 

covering various territories, just as fast as the proper 

men can be found and employed. This is a proposition 

that is of absolute first interest to every element 

in the industry. You are, therefore, invited to read 

the following summary of conditions, etc. If vou know 

of any man or men who would satisfactorily 'fulfill the 

conditions and needs of this employment with the 

National Trade Extension Bureau, you will be doinsr 

service to the trade at large by seeing that they are 

put in mutual touch. 

In the immediate future this bureau will emplov 

men to represent T. E. B. in the various territories 

throughout the United States. 

At this particular time we are seeking recommendations 

from the trade direct for the names of men who 

can qualify for such positions. If vou know of any 

one whom you feel would make a good representative, 

kindly advise the bureau by an early mail. 

We must have men who are reasonably familiar 

with the plumbing and heating business, men who can 

assist the plumbing and heating contractor in his business 

affairs and advise him on the many complex problems 

that normally arise in the plumbing and lieating 

business. We must have men who, with a short training, 

will be competent to teach the plumbing and heating 

contractor T. E. B. system of estimating, accounting 

and selling. 

These men must be able to give illustrated talks 

at association meetings, and must be in a position to 

spend a greater part of their time away from home. 

For the present, they will be required to cover from 

three to five States, but this territory will gradually 

diminish as more men are added to the field force. All 

applications must be accompanied with the following 

information: 

1. Give tlu- names of at least seven contractors locate 

in different cities to whom we can refer as to the ability 

of the applicant. 

2. Give the names of at least three supply houses who 

are intimately acquainted with the applicant. 

3. State the number of years associated with the plumbing 

and heating business. 

4-. State the nature of such affiliation. 

5. State experience in making public talks. 

6. State experience in accounting. 

~. State experience in selling. 

8. State age. 

9. Married or single. 

10. Home address. 

11. Salary desired. 

\-2. Present occupation. 

The function of these field men will be to thoroughly 

study and master all of the educational work 

conducted by the Trade Extension Bureau, and to 

make personal calls on all plumbing and heating contractors 

in their territory in order to explain to the 

trade any part of the Trade Extension work that the 

contractor does not thoroughly understand. 

At regular intervals they will be required to give 

illustrated talks at headquarters of all local associa- 

>ns in their territory. All applications must be in 

August to be considered. 

Who is the best man you know to fill this place? 

Your advice will be appreciated. 

American Society of Sanitary Engineers' 

Headquarters 

In order to make proper arrangements for the meet- 

m l°l -n _ De _ 1C , a i 1 S ° Ciety 0f Sa tary Engineering, 

which will be he d in St. Louis, on September 7, 8 

Stephen A. Gilmore as chariman of the arrangement 

committee. 

s ^ < ~" 1 ' 

Mr. Gilmore has already announced that arrangements 

have been made to hold the meeting on the top 

floor of the American Annex Hotel, on the southeast 

corner of Sixth and Market Streets, St. Louis. Those 

Mm m / e "V°M b \ PreSent at this meeting can address 

him at 215 North Tenth Street, St. Louis, Mo to 

make any arrangements for them that they may desire


whether it be the reservation of rooms by those who 

come to attend the meeting or some other preparations 

and arrangements for those who intend to display different 

kinds of plumbing fixtures or make other displays 

at the meeting. 

CHICAGO STEAM FITTERS' OUTING 

Egg and Spoon Race Won by Mrs. N. P. Nul ler. 

J. P. Dugger and F. Casey and Glennon. Jim Doherty Still 

W. Lamb — Um- The Water Boys — Hitting Homers 

pires Who Decid- at 65. L. R. Tayed 

Correctly. lor, Baseball or 

Golf, All the 

Same. 

Master Plumbers National Administration 

in Action 

New Headquarters in Philadelphia Directs Attention 

of Members to Trade Extension Movement 

The biennial agreement with the manufacturers of 

the sanitary branch expires Nov. 1. Resolutions 

adopted at the Atlantic City convention will be discussed 

at a joint conference with the committees of 

tlie Brotherhood and the Sanitary Potters' Association 

some time in September. 

The workers received an average increase of 15 per 

cent, two years ago and an additional 10 per cent. 

since. Further advances are expected to be granted. 

The Telephone Directory Committee reported that 

it was unable to obtain a conference with any of the 

To Master Plumbers, Members of the National Association. representatives of the various directories. 

GREETINGS: We are now entered upon the active administration 

of your affairs, having opened the National office 

at 108 South Twentieth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. This office 

is in charge of John F. Whitaker, executive clerk, and all 

future communications should be sent to this address. Within 

a short time the names of directors and members of 

standing committees will be announced through the columns 

of the trade press. 

It is our intention to make an energetic effort during this 

term for a substantial increase in members and we invite 

your co-operation in making this a decided success. We 

recommend to your attention the Trade Extension movement. 

The convention has given this work its heartiest approval. 

It is a valuable asset to the contractor and we must 

use it ourselves and bring it to the attention of the nonmembers. 

W'e will from time to time advise you of the work of the 

N'ational Association from this office and we ask that you cooperate 

with us in building a bigger association. 

Fraternally, 

D. F. DURKIN, JR., 

President. 

National Brotherhood of Operative 

Potters Meet 

Resolutions Adopted at Thirtieth Annnal Convention 

Held in Atlantic City to Be Discussed 

in September 

The thirtieth annual convention of the National 

Brotherhood of Operative Potters has closed in Atlantic 

City, where approximately 100 propositions were 

heard, including requests for advances in prices from 

25 to 50 per cent. 

Sheet Metal Contractors' Association 

of Milwaukee 

Outing of Association Arranged to Be Held at Nequon, 

i •"• | on the Second Wednesday in August 

The July meeting of the Association of Master 

Sheet Metal Contractors of Milwaukee was presided 

over by Vice-President John Graf, as President Hoffman 

was making an automobile tour to the Atlantic 

Coast. 

The minutes were read and approved, and the register 

showed 21 members in attendance. A communication 

from the national secretary on the Trade Development 

Committee, also a monthly report of the 

Xational Association were read. 

John Bogenberger of the License Committee made 

an exhaustive report regarding the meeting with the 

Council Committee and the Council Committee being 

unable to arrive at a final decision, it was again laid 

over to the next meeting which will be held the first 

Wednesday in September. 

William Hamman of the Picnic Committee reported 

that the grounds for the annual outing could be had 

at any time agreed upon by the association. 

On motion made by John Bogenberger and seconded 

by William Hamman, it was voted that the outing 

be held at the usual place in Mequon on August 11, 

1920, the second Wednesday in August. 

Henry Bartelt made-an excellent report on the Peoria 

convention. Some very interesting subjects were 

brought up by him to the association and from his report 

the national convention must have been a great 

success. 

Protection for Sheet Metal Contractors 

Suggested 

Roofers' and Sheet Metal Business Men's Club Inc., 

Issue Helpful Bulletin. 

Loyalty to associations would be more gratifying 

if a larger number of officials followed the course of 

President M. F. Westergren of the Roofers' and Sheet 

Metal Business Men's Club, Inc., 47 West Fortysecond 

Street, New York City. He reads METAL 

WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER and in a bulletin 

to the members, under date of July 13, the following 

appears:


DEAR SIRS: 

Two articles of great significance appear in the July 9 

issue of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM FITTER: 

Page 39—Provisions to Protect Building Contractors. 

Page 43—What the Words "In Full to Date" on a Check 

Amount To. 

Both items contain valuable information. Don't isnore 

them. 

With reference to the item on Page 39, don't you think 

it would be well that a sub-contractor's standard contract 

form be adopted based on the changed conditions that now 

prevail? The offices of the Club are cheerfully offered for 

the instigation and the consummation of such a purpose. 

Your views on this matter are earnestly solicited, whether 

you are a member or not. Your help toward effecting this 

move will be gladly accepted. 

New England Golf Meet 

Close Competition at Wannamoisett Country Club 

at July Gathering 

So close was the competition in the New England 

Metal Products Golf Association meeting for July at 

the Wannamoisett Country Club that ties resulted for 

second position in both morning and afternoon tournaments. 

As a result of these ties, the prizes went to 

the winners of the play-offs, but W. G. Eddy presented 

the losers each with half a dozen golf balls. 

J. A. Gammons was the winner of the morning 

events with a net of 82. Mr. Gammons played without 

a handicap and his approaches were watched with 

interest by other players. E. O. Chase was the winner 

of the afternoon matches with a net of 84 and a 

handicap of 14. Mr. Gammons made the round in 

the afternoon with another 82, but as he had captured 

first morning prize he waived honors to the afternoon 

trophy. 

Following are the scores: 

MORNING 

net 

*__. O. Chase 104- - 14 _= 90 

S. C. Cutter 109- -15= 94 

H. L. Doten 

W. J. Eddy 

*J. A. Gammons.... 82-- 

0= S2 

- llj = 90 

R. Greenlaw 106 - 

-IS = 85 

W. A. Griffiths ... 103 

-24 =100 

W. F. Hubbard .. 124 -- 

3 = 83 

tW. H. Hunter.... S0- 

J. L. Kenyon .... 

AFTERNOON 

net 

98 — 14= 84 

115 — 15=100 

110 — 12=104 

128 — 24=104 

82 — 0 = 82 

107 — 16= 91 

105 — 18= S~ 

128 — 24 =104 

97— 3= 94 

92 — 3 = 89 

s 

H. D. Nickerson.. 

TC. A. Pastene 

S. B. Reed 

R. E. Sargent .... 

L. W. Smith 

W. F. Stearns ... 

W. H. Thayer ... 

H. W. Thorndike. 

W. M. Trafton .. 

* Prize winners. 

108 — 14 = 94 

97 — 14== 83 

104 — 14= 90 

102 — 12 = 90 

121 — 14 —107 

109 — 18= 91 

98 — 6 = 92 

121 — 24= 97 

No card 

t Winners of tie for second prize. 

109 — 14 = 95 

No card 

No card 

104 —12 = 92 

No card 

*105 —18 = 87 

104— 6= 98 

136 — 24=112 

130 — 24 =106 

Southern Stove Manufacturers Plan 

Meeting in Cleveland 

Quarterly Gathering First to Be Held Above 

the Mason and Dixon Line 

The regular quarterly meeting of the Southern Association 

will be held Aug. 30 to Sept. 1 in Cleveland, 

Ohio, as a result of the invitation from S. H. Jacobs, 

vice-president of the Fanner Mfg. Co., Cleveland, 

Ohio. 

This is the first time that a quarterly meeting has 

been held north of the Mason and Dixon line. 

For Further Service 

To continue the service to our readers that has 

brought gratifying recognition that it is appreciated 

as widely helpful, an acquisition to our staff is presented 

in H. A. Call, who will be the associate editor. 

Mr. Call comes from the ranks of practical tradesmen, 

having handled the tools in the plumbing and 

steam fitting trades and successfully conducted a business, 

but has entered the journalistic field with a view 

to giving his talent a wider usefulness. His experience 

included management of the equipment of some large 

government undertakings during the war. 

His training and experience will now be devoted to 

the fields in which our record has been one of benefit 

to many leaders in tiie various trades. His activities 

come at a time when plans for a special service to 

aid in the development to merchandising and selling 

talent among men of splendid other qualifications have 

been completed and will soon be put into execution 

with his aid. 

WHO WAS WHO AT THE NATIONALASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL CONTRACTORS' CONVENTION 

Comm.ttee Chairmen and Officers- PEORIA, ILL., JUNE 8-11 

Julius Gerock, E L Seabrook. A. John Bogenberger telling John Millen Louis Hoff Pres . ident . and Secretary P.nji. State 

P Lamneck, Paul Brandstedt, P. man and Henrv Bartelt about Peoria Association. H. T. Bantham, Wilkes 

jonnso.i. earre; \\ . _. Angermever, Pittsburgh.





JAMES H. MCGAW of the Philadelphia branch of the 

Richardson & Boynton Co., New York City, is on a 

vacation and in his itinerary made a stop in New 

York with a visit to our office. He naturally spoke 

of some fine furnace work in the vicinity of Philadelphia 

in which the Perfect furnaces are being 

used. 

J. J. COSGROVE is making a trip among the houses 

handling plumbing supplies that will include those 

across New York State, along the lakes to Chicago 

and to St. Louis and return by the Southern route in 

the interest of the new flexible flange for connecting 

the new shortened outlet horn water closet with the 

house drains. It is made by the Cosgrove-Cosgrove 

Mfg. Co., Rutherford, N. J., and was shown on 

Page 20 of the issue of July 2. 

R. PERCIVAL SMITH, of David Colville & Sons Co., 

well-known steel manufacturer of Scotland, is now 

in the United States. 

SHEET METAL INDUSTRY 

THE MODERN SHEET METAL & WELDING WORKS, 

1934 Pasadena Avenue, Los Angeles, have been organized 

to manufacture sheet metal, iron and other 

products. H. V, Payne, 2726 Mozart Street, heads 

the company. 

JONES BROS., 198-200 Povilar Avenue, Memphis, 

Tenn., for many years active in sheet metal trade, 

are giving special attention these days to blow-pipe 

work for cotton gins, stave mills, etc. 

A. W. BURDICK CO., 105 South Second Street, Memphis, 

Tenn., is an old-established firm at same location 

but with more life than ever in 1920 on sheet 

metal, roofing and furnace heating, having numerous 

contracts in hand. 

W. L. EICHBERG, located at 189 Jefferson Avenue, 

Memphis, was established in 1824 and is almost 

as old as the city as a firm. It is the old Eichberg & 

Lang firm. Skylight, blow-pipe work, furnace heating 

is its line. 

LEFLAR & CULLEY, doing sheet metal, tin and radiator 

work, are now located at 396-398 Monroe Avenue, 

Memphis, Tenn. 

TARR & Co., 157 North Third Street, Memphis, Tenn., 

in addition to sheet metal activities in general, is 

specializing on radiator and fender work. Mr. 

Tarr is a fine draughtsman. 

FRANK B. CLAYTON'S SONS, 1227 North Eleventh 

Street, Philadelphia, sheet metal works, have filed 

plans for a one-story addition. 

THOSE WHO WORK IN HEAVY PLATE or plates of any 

grade from the thinnest rolled to 1 in. in thickness 

will be interested in the Quickwork rotary shears 

made by the Quickwork Co., St. Mary's, Ohio. Catalog 

No. 60 is devoted particularly to the heavier 

shears and shows the various indicator devices as 

well as the disc shearing blades in their place of 

operation to cut heavy sheets so as to leave a finished 

edge. In addition to the halftone engravings 

showing the machines, the text describing in detail 

just how they are constructed to accomplish their 

work, there are letters from a number of shipbuilding 

concerns and similar workers of heavy plate 

bearing testimony of the splendid service from the 

Quickwork shears, whether cutting to a tangent or 

to a straight line. This is only one line of the sheet 

metal working machines made by the concern and 

whether a man is engaged in cornice and skylight 

work or some other branch of sheet metal production, 

he can lay his needs before the company and 

have in return full particulars about the machines 

they make adapted for the service. 

THE AEROIL BURNER Co., INC., 400 Main Street, 

Union Hill. N. J., is distributing through the sheet 

metal trade literature showing a furnace for use 

under deep slag kettles whether for roofing, road 

building or any other place where asphalt and similar 

materials must be supplied for the work in 

hand. The outfit burns kerosene oil. makes an intense 

heat, is said to be proof against fire, and can 

be furnished in a variety of styles wliich are shown 

by means of halftone engravings on the literature 

distributed by the company. 

WICKWIRE-SPENCER STEEL CORP., Worcester, Mass., 

and 120 Broadway, New York City, announces the 

production of glazed white enameled "Natwire" 

bathroom fixtures such as door hooks, tumbler, soap 

and tooth brush holders and towel bars, at popular 

prices. These fixtures are made of drawn steel wire 

and the enamel is guaranteed not to chip or discolor. 

Inquiries from the trade are invited. 

Record Wages for Sheet Mill Workers 

For the Julv-August period, sheet mill workers will 

receive an advance of 21 per cent, in wages over the 

rate paid in May and June, following the bi-monthly 

examination of sales sheets. The settlement, at the 

meeting of representatives of mills and men in Youngstown, 

Ohio, established a wage rate 108 per cent. 

above the base, the highest in the history of the industry. 

The examination disclosed an average invoiced 

advance in selling price on Nos. 26, 27 and 28gage 

black sheets shipped during the preceding 60 

days of 70 cents over the price of two months ago. 

Wages advance \ x /2 per cent, for each five cents per 

100 pounds. The increase in selling price above the 

base of average selling price of a box of 100 pounds 

of coke tin plate prime sheets was $7.40, the same 

as at the last bi-monthly settlement, but under the new 

wage agreement tin mill workers were advanced 9% 

per cent, on the basis effective from July 1. Under 

this rate they will be paid 87% per cent, above the 

base of $3.50.

86 METAL WORKER PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 16, 1920 

Good Work For T. E. B. 

There are few more progressive business concerns 

than the Barrett Hardware Co., of Joliet, Illinois, 

which, in addition to being jobbers and retailers of 

shelf and heavy hardware, factory and mill supplies, 

also handles stoves, and contracts for tinning and 

sheet metal work, steam and hot water and furnace 

work. 

In reply to a letter, F. M. Bray, of that concern, 

under date of July 7. had a work to say about the 

Trrade Extension Bureau, that states: 

Answering your kind favor of June 28, would say that 

neither lack of inclination nor fear of heat prostration kept 

me from inflicting on you my gems of thought, but rather 

the fact that with the same organization which thought it 

was busy two years ago, we are now handling a volume of 

sales of 50 per cent, greater, and as you know, with the 

present difficulties of securing supplies, this does not furnish 

much time for other occupation. 

We are certainly wise to the Trade Extension Bureau, 

and carefully read its literature, in fact, we subscribed for 

and received two copies of the Bulletin, one for filing and 

the other for clipping, as a convenience in preparing ads. 

Perhaps later in the year may have time to think of somethins 

when you will hear from me. 

FURNACE AND STOVE TRADE 

THE WEIR STOVE CO., Taunton, Mass will erect a onestory, 

35 x 115 ft., brick foundry and a three-story 

addition, 70 x 100 ft., to its plant. 

THE A. J. LINDERMANN & HOVERSON Co., Milwaukee, 

manufacturers of stoves and ranges, will build a 

one-story addition, 60 x 82 ft., costing $35,000. with 

new equipment. The work is in charge of Klug & 

Smith, consulting engineers, Mack Block. 

THE HOMER FURNACE CO., Coldwater. Mich., has 

been compelled to curtail operations, owing to lack 

of transportation facilities. The plant is operating 

only three days a week, and the warehouses are 

tilled with furnaces awaiting shipment. 

O. H. HENDRICKS, formerly connected with Hendricks 

& Weatherall, has retired from that connection 

and started a business of his own at 1466 Lamar 

Avenue, Memphis, Tenn. He will specialize in 

warm-air furnace work. 

C. WESSENDORF CO., 195 Washington Avenue, Memphis, 

Tenn., prominent in furnace heating trade, 

galvanized iron, copper and skylight work veterans 

in the Southern trade, reports rapid return to normal 

conditions and summer contracts at Memphis 

developing nicely. 

PORCELLA i.s the name given to the finish which the 

Magee Furnace Co., Boston, Mass., has given to 

the Magee line of ranges, whether for coal or combination 

coal and gas. In reference to it the company 

states that Por-Cel-a is a finish that is the 

result of fusing at a high temperature a vitreous 

composition in combination with the iron so that it 

becomes practically a solid mass, Por-Cel-a being 

the outside surface of the casting. It is as smooth 

and as hard as the iron itself and a very fine lustrous 

finish. The stove part can be wiped off with 

a damp cloth and yet it means no rust, no stove 

blacking to soil the hands and no drudgery. Por- 

Cel-a finish is in a pearl-gray, and a circular has 

been issued specially devoted to this subject. 

"WHAT CAN'T BE CURED, MUST BE ENDURED," is the 

title of the colored pictures on the July calendar 

issued by the Modern Way Furnace Co., Fort 

Wayne, Ind. The illustration shows tliree small 

children togged out as warriors, and one of them 

is having his injured hand bandaged while he gives 

vent to his pain in tears. Inside the folder the 

trade is advised to buy furnaces now so that when 

the demand comes there will be no shortage of 

stock, loss of orders, delayed shipments and increased 

prices. 

HANDY ANDY TAKES THE OPPORTUNITY to say in the 

July number of the Furnace Installation, issued by 

F. Meyer Bro., Peoria, 111., that it was "some convention," 

referring to the convention of the National 

Association of Sheet Metal Contractors, held 

in Peoria in June. It is not strange that this publication 

in which George Harms is interested could 

devote a whole page to saying it was some convention 

and those who are most positive about it are 

those who attended it. A two-page spread, however, 

in red, white and blue, calls attention to detail 

of the Handy pipe and, if you haven't seen it, 

you know where to get a copy and get next for 

yourself. 

New Furnace and Fitting Catalog 

NEW Furnace and Fittings Catalog—12 Bod B 

When the Standard Furnace & Supply Co., 407- 

413 South Tenth Street, Omaha, Neb., arranges with 

a furnace heating contractor to take up its line of 

heating supplies and specialities, it furnishes him 

with drawings or sketches for installation work as 

well as a variety of furnaces from which a selection 

can be made to serve his customer's need. The catalog 

issued for 1920 consists of 52 pages and opens 

with the Handy furnace pipe fittings with which the 

installation for heating any residence can be selected. 

It shows the galvanized sheet iron work for smoke 

pipes, for cold air supply with boot and then baseboard 

side wall registers and the duplex heating outfit 

for furnace heating. Then comes adjustable ventilating 

registers, heat regulators, tools, paste, cement, 

insulating materials, dampers, damper clips, kitchen 

cabinets, the majestic coal chute and garbage receptacles. 

Then there is a price list of all the various 

goods. The warm-air furnaces shown are of cast-iron 

type with two-section firepot, large combustion chamber 

discharging into an annular radiator pipe, then 

he Peerless Gravity pipeless warm-air furnaces and 

the \. e.r furnace, brick set, for heating large buildnigs 

and with galvanized casing for the ordinary 

home. The Weir wood furnace is also shown 

Catalog E is devoted entirely to the different variety 

of warm-air furnaces which the company can 

furnish with useful information on designing, installing 

and laying out systems of the pipeless, pipe and 

hree-register type of heating system, to insure the 

heating of the house. A heating information blank is 

furnished on which a lot of questions are asked for 

drawing the plans of the building. 

A special circular is devoted to the Peerless gravity 

furnace, installed as a pipeless heater. *



THE LAIB Co., jobbers of plumbers supplies, are 

pushing the Allen Instantaneous water cooler in a 

big advertising campaign. A large number of the 

coolers are being installed. 

H. O. WIELAND, W. E. Crutcher and J. C. Darnall 

are the incorporators of the Perfect Steam Sterilizer 

Co., Louisville, organized with a capital stock 

of $300,000. The new company will manufacture 

sterilizers for hospitals, dental offices, barber shops, 

restaurants and homes. Parts will not be made in 

Louisville at the present time, and only an assembling 

plant will be located here, but the corporation 

plans to build a factory in Louisville later. 

IN THE LINE OF PLUMBING SUPPLIES and auxiliary 

to their other interests the Cahill Iron Co. has been 

organized at Chattanooga, Tenn., and on a tenacre 

site will erect a $150,00.0 plant to manufacture 

enamel ware, 250 bathtubs a day, Tennessee, Chattanooga 

and Pacific sinks, laundry tubs, lavatories, 

closet tanks and small ware. F. H. Caldwell is 

president; J. J. Maloney, vice-president and manager; 

H. M. Caldwell, treasurer; H. W. Powell, 

secretary; W. T. Mahoney, assistant general manager. 

THE HUGHES HEATING CO., Memphis, Tenn., has 

moved from its long-time location in the Goodwin 

Institute to 126 Washington Avenue, where with a 

handsome green front it has a neat first-floor display 

room. It is just north of Shelby County's 

million dollar court house. 

MCNEIL & BURKE are doing the heating on the Adams 

Block, a large structure being overhauled and modernized 

at Adams Avenue and North Second Street, 

Memphis, Tenn. 

THE JOS. ALEXANDER CONSTRUCTION CO., Memphis, 

Tenn., has been awarded the contract for the new 

biscuit factory of the Iten Biscuit Co., Omaha, 

Neb., to be erected in Memphis at a cost of half a 

million dollars. It will be located in the south part 

of the city with complete ventilation, bow-pipe heating 

and manufacturing facilities. 

The STIZER MFG. CO., Louisville, makers of specialties, 

will put a patented light holder on the market 

as soon as its factory is put into operation. It was 

recently incorporated with a capital stock of $10,000 

by Osbar B. Stizer, David Stizer and Mattie S. 

Newman. 

JOHN W. SESSUMS, 243 Madison Avenue, Memphis, 

Tenn, is installing the Clow gas steam radiator 

heating system in the People's Trust & Savings 

Bank Building, Madison Avenue, Memphis, and 

similar heating sy.stem in a couple of new stores on 

South Main Street. 

THE STANDARD MILK MACHINERY CO., Louisville, and 

its subsidiary, Hines & Ritchey, Inc., the latter operating 

a casting and sheet copper shop, have purchased 

a new plant at Fifteenth and Madison 

Streets, which is now being remodeled for use of 

the companies. 

THE LOUISVILLE BOARD OF PARK COMMISSIONERS 

barred Miss Helen Ludwig from playing first base 

for the Standard Oil Co. in its game with the Stan- 

. dard Sanitary Mfg. Co. After much work, seats 

for a record crowd were provided, but the night 

before the game, the Park Board announced its decision. 

The men of the Standard Sanitary team 

were greatly depressed, as they had figured that 

with this added attraction on first base nothing 

would be able to keep them from getting there. 

THE GEORGETOWN, KY., City Council at a recent 

meeting, passed an ordinance which authorizes the 

issuance of $100,000 worth of water and light bonds. 

BULLETIN NO. 42 of the Trade .ind Industrial Series 

No. 12, issued by the Federal Board of Vocational 

Education, Washington, D. C, is devoted 

to safety lamps, including plain safety lamps and 

improved electric lamps, from which those who 

make lanterns can procure much useful information. 

AN INVITATION TO VISIT the new plant of the General 

Boilers Co., Waukegan, 111., is accompanied 

with literature showing the Pacific boilers. The 

letter states that the Pacific boilers for the past 7 

years have been built and sold almost exclusively 

on the Pacific coast where there are hundreds of 

them in daily use for heating purposes, demonstrating 

the correctness of the conclusion of 20 

years of study and experiment. In entering the 

eastern and central fields a 19-acre plot was purchased 

in Waukegan, 111., in July, 1919, on which 

the first of ten buildings has been completed. It is 

200 x 300 ft. in size, equipped with the best machinery 

and named by good mechanics under expert 

manufacturers of Pacific boilers. These include 

a boiler of the double return flue pipe, fully 

explained in the catalog, a portable fire box hot 

water heating outfit and a smokeless boiler. Illustrations 

and text make the peculiar features and 

advantages readily understood. 

Successful Sales Promotion Work 

One-Day Dealers' Convention Held by Branch Offices 

Burnett - Larsh Co., Opportunities for Sales Talk 

Genuine success is attained by, and not bestowed 

on any individual or company. While on the surface 

this may not appear true, careful investigation usually 

discloses that through thoughtful study, hard work 

and taking advantage of or creating opportunities, 

it has been earned. 

Probably a factor in the success of the Burnett- 

Larsh Mfg. Co., Dayton, Ohio, makers of the "Duro" 

penumatic pump and residence water systems, is its

V.7. METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 16, 1920 

sales promotion policy which is not only readily adaptable 

to opportunities that may arise but often is 

instrumental in producing profitable opportunities. 

An example of the latter is the plan whereby each 

branch office holds a one-day convention in a city or 

town centrally situated in its territory. 

The New York office, located in Grand Central 

Palace, Forty-sixth Street and Lexington Avenue, 

held its convention in May in one of the lecture rooms 

of the building. Invitations were sent to all "Duro" 

dealers in Long Island, Westchester and Rockland 

Counties and Southern Connecticut and to a few 

specially selected tradesmen in the vicinity whom it 

was desired to interest in the company's products. 

Thirty-seven plumbers and five electricians or persons 

connected with electric lighting companies were 

present early on the appointed afternoon. 

After an introductory speech an illustrated lantern 

slide talk was given by a thoroughly competent man 

from the factory on the factory organization and the 

mechanical steps through which the pumps go in 

their manufacture. Naturally at the conclusion of 

this lecture a general informal discussion of pumps 

and installations took place and much valuable information 

for the practical man was brought out. This 

was followed by a social session when the six "Duro" 

salesmen present mingled with the gathering and 

saw that the guests became acquainted and that good 

fellowship prevailed. 

About 6:30 p.m. the meeting adjourned for dinner 

to the Moulin Rouge, a cabaret restaurant, where 

the musical diversion during the meal pleased all. 

From there the party went to the Winter Garden 

Theatre where a musical show was thoroughly enjoyed. 

This recreational part of the program not 

only afforded enjoyment to the gathering but created 

a spirit of good will and sociability which afterwards 

can be capitalized upon in getting business. 

For those who resided too far away to attempt returning 

that night the company arranged for sleeping 

accommodations at the Hotel Commodore. 

The verbal expressions of those present upon leaving 

indicated that much enthusiasm had been aroused 

for the "Duro" pumps, and letters of appreciation 

since received by the company bear out this conclusion. 

The cost of the convention averaged about 

$8.00 per head, and the company considers the money 

wisely invested since already increased business from 

many of those entertained is noted and the absent 

dealers who have learned of the doings at the meeting 

state that they are not going to miss the next one. 

Today competition in all lines is so keen that sales 

promotion work and exploitation of manufactured 

products is essential to a company's success. The 

live, wide awake manufacturer who attracts and cultivates 

the good will of his dealers, soon notes an 

increased demand for his goods and more profitable 

business relations. 

Try this simple little plan which can be readily 

carried out by any concern and has the added inducement 

of having brought results. It is feasible for 

all tradesmen in our field to hold local exhibits to 

which farmers, townsmen, builders and prospective 

customers can be invited and given good impressions 

of any line of goods. 

Better Service to Customers Is Aim of Company 

The main idea behind the negotiations wliich have 

just resulted in the consolidation of the wrench and 

forging plants at Chicago and St. Catharines, Ontario, 

Canada, of the Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co., 

with J. H. Williams & Co., was Better Service to 

Customers. 

The company states that patronage in the past on 

goods made at its plants going into the new consolidation, 

is fully appreciated and earnestly recommends 

the enlarged facilities and strong organization of J. 

H. Williams & Co., on drop-forgings and drop-forged 

tools. 

The entire energy and organization of the Whitman 

& Barnes Mfg. Co., Akron, Ohio, will now be devoted 

to the exclusive manufacture of twist drills and reamers, 

insuring better service on these tools, and it is 

hoped will justify a continuance of the present cordial 

relations. 

William G Wilbers, J. J. Crotty, George W. Ankermar.n, 

Ir., and J. J. Bosemer at the Sanitary and Efficiency 

Show during the Plumbers' Convention in Pittsburgh 

All from Kentucky except Crotty who is from the 

sanitary Engineering Department of the Central 

Foundry Co., "New York City. 

Hot Water Where It's Wanted 

In whatever type of building hot water is wanted, 

the Bastian-Morley Co., LaPorte, Ind., it is claimed, 

is prepared to furnish a gas water heater to do the 

work. It has just issued a folder to the trade showing 

the features of construction of its "Royal Automatic " 

the "Marvel" and the "Superior," combined gas water 

heaters and range boilers. The text tells how they 

work, and the special purposes to which they are 

adapted for quickest and most efficient service and 

greatest economy. 

The special features of the Royal Automatic are 

a water spreader which facilitates heating, a thermo 

valve for controlling gas supply, a draft regulator to 

prevent heat loss and insure positive ventilation, and 

the use of the pilot light as an auxiliary to maintain 

tne temperatures. 

Pictures in the bathroom, laundry and kitchen show 

the necessity of hot water to home comfort, and the 

efficiency, durability and economy of the Royal Automatic 

for keeping a constant supply of hot water 

ready for instant use. It is recommended particularly 

tor homes, apartment houses, barber shops offices 

schools, clubs, churches, hospitals, garages and 

i _ic torips.


O-E Perfect System of Heating 

"Vacuum most of the time, vapor part of the time 

and pressure when desired," is the way the "O-E 

Perfect System" of lieating is presented to the heating 

trade by the O-E Specialty Co., 886 Third Street, 

Milwaukee, Wis. Its simplicity and flexibility are 

pointed out to heating contractors yvho want to interest 

home owners in saving money during the coming 

heating season. 

An attractive presentation of the company's packless 

graduated supply valve, ball check water seal 

return fitting and air exhauster and vacuum valve 

are shown in Booklet "A," which gives seventeen reasons 

why the system is most effective in various types 

of buildings, and include fuel economy, positive regulation 

of temperature, noiseless operation without 

using complicated mechanical apparatus. 

The company is prepared to aid fitters with expert 

engineering advice and merchandising ideas, and has 

prepared Booklet "B" for this purpose. In it are 

mentioned simple piping methods, which give best results, 

what to do when the basement ceiling is low, 

how to connect returns, gives table of pipe sizes, rules 

for figuring radiation, chimney sizes and other desirable 

information for the steam fitter. The company 

will be glad to furnish any other information to those 

who require it. 

The 3-S Water Closet Flange 

To aid the plumber in using the new shortened 

outlet water closets in making a tight connection 

with the house drainage system, the Sanitary Specialty 

Co., 232 Mulberry Street, Newark, N. J., has 

placed on the market 3-S Water Closet Floor Flange 

and the accompanying illustrations show the new and 

The new method 

of seting the Shortened 

Outlet Horn 

Water Closet. 

old method of connecting the earthenware closets with 

the house drainage systems. 

In one case a ring of putty was placed in the annular 

space betyveen the earthenware closet flange 

and the brass flange, which is soldered to the lead 

bend in connecting the closets with the drainage system. 

The flange is drayvn up tight against the putty 

with a view of making a tight connection with the 3-S 

fittings. It is a brass floor flange that can be used 

in connection with a cast-iron bend or a lead bend. 

In case of substituting a new shortened outlet horn 

closet for _n old type of closet, the company provides 

a staple fitting which can be soldered to the 

old closet bend, making a tight connection. 

Then the brass floor flange furnished has a 

threaded end which screws into this fitting and then 

by means of a composition gasket the brass flange is 

drawn tight against the earthenware flange of the 

closet, making a tight connection. The character of 

the gasket is said to be such as to insure a permanent 

connection with the 3-S outfit. The plumber only has 

to stock the brass flanges for the different kinds of 

fittings to connect it with a Durham system, cast-iron 

system or a system in which the lead bend is used. 

A six-page circular is used by the company to make 

clear features of merit and the method of connecting. 

It is claimed that a saving can be made in labor, a 

more practical connection and one that will stand the 

testing of the system. 

Late Trade News 

CHARLES R. PERKINS has resigned as chief inspector 

of the Andrews Steel Co., Covington, Ky., to enter 

the metallurgical department of the Tennessee Coal, 

Iron & Railroad Co., Birmingham, Ala. 

JEREMIAH E. REEVES, yvho established the sheet mills 

wliich now constitute the plants of the American 

Sheet & Tin Plate Co. at New Philadelphia and 

Dover, Ohio, and who later founded the Reeves 

Mfg. Co. at Dover, Ohio, died of apoplexy at his 

home in that city July 11. He was 76 years old 

and a native of England. In addition to his steel 

interests, he yvas the principal owner of the Toledo, 

Findlay & Fostoria Traction Co.. the Greer Steel 

Co. and the Reeves Banking & Trust Co. 

Thc old method 

of setting a water 

closet before the 

Shortened Outlet 

Horn Water Closet 

was u~ed. 

WA 

THE R. JESKE & BROTHER Co., Ill Reservoir Avenue, 

Milwaukee, has started work on the erection of a 

one-story addition, 80 x 100 ft., to its sheet metal 

works, costing about $40,000 with neyv equipment. 

THE INTERNATIONAL METAL STAMPING CO., Artillery 

and Muster Avenues, Detroit, has completed plans 

for a new one-story plant 79 x 530 ft., to cost about 

$130,000.


THE W. B. BERTELS & SON CO., 121 North Pennsylvania 

Avenue, Wilkes-Barre, Pa., manufacturer of 

tin and stamped yvare is planning to build a twostory 

factory, 70 x 75 ft., to cost about $30,000. 

THE PEERLESS STEEL WINDOW & SHUTTER Co., New 

York, has been incorporated with an active capital 

of $26,750 by C. H. Israel, H. G. Cooke and J. N. 

Bishop, 50 East Forty-second Street, to manufacture 

steel and metal window frames and similar 

products. 

THE EDWARD G. BUDD MFG. CO., Twenty-fifth Street 

and Hunting Park Avenue, Philadelphia, manufac 

turer of steel automobile bodies, special steel stampings, 

etc., has arranged for a bond issue of $1,000,- 

000, to be used for expansion. Its present plant 

totals about 850.000 sq. ft. Edward G. Budd is 

president. 

NEW OFFICERS HAVE BEEN CHOSEN for the Quality 

Stove & Range Co., Belleville, UL, and include 

Charles Crawford, president; John Theiss, vicepresident; 

Samuel Evans, secretary-treasurer. The 

former officers retain their interests in the concern 

but have retied from the management. 

THE NATIONAL FURNACE & STOVE CO., Ravenna, 

Ohio, has plans under way for a new one-story 

foundry, 80x220 ft., to cost about $75,000. D. 

C. Smith, 4500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, is architect. 

THE TULSA STOVE & FOUNDRY CO., Tulsa, Okla., 

manufacturer of stove castings, oil field and refinery 

equipment, etc., is planning for an addition to its 

plant at Sand Springs, Okla. 

Cincinnati Sheet Metal Workers 

The Cincinnati Association of Sheet Metal Contractors 

held a meeting at Fisher's Gardens, Cincinnati, 

July 8, Ferd. Doepke being the host of the 

evening. A goodly number of members attended and 

some important topics discussed. 

A communication from the National Secretary with 

reference to the Trade Development movement was 

laid on the table for discussion at next meeting. A 

discussion on the question of holding the meetings of 

the local in the daytime instead of at night was held, 

and it yvill be taken up and a decision made at next 

meeting. 

President George Dietz impressed upon the members 

of the association the necessity of having signed 

contracts for any work they undertake, as within the 

past couple of weeks several members yvere advised 

by builders that they had decided to change work already 

arranged for, with the result that the contractors 

were left with materials on their hands which 

were purchased especially for the jobs. 

An address was made by J. E. McDonald, representative 

of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER, who is an honorary member. He also read a 

portion of an article, "The Path That Leads to Money 

in the Bank," and from a letter from Frank K. Chew. 

A large delegation from the Cincinnati local will 

attend the State convention at Toledo, many going 

in automobiles. 

Younger Men Lack Dependability 

A Pennsylvania company speaks from a experience 

of many years in response to an inquiry by The Iron 

THE HOMER FURNACE CO., Coldwater, Mich., is mak Age on production in various industries with particuing 

an addition to its molding department, 128 x 150 lar reference to co-operation: 

ft., which it expects to occupy Sept. 1. The recent "Our company has been in existence since 1867 and 

suspension of operations of the company due to a never had labor troubles of any kind preceding the 

shortage of cars was for only two days. 

war, and our men were efficient and satisfactory in 

M. J. DALY & SONS, INC., Waterbury, Conn., manu every respect. We employed at that time almost exfacturer 

of piping and similar products, has comclusively 'Pennsylvania Dutch,' but during the war 

pleted plans for a new one-story brick and steel we employed any nationality, as yve found it neces 

works, llOx 180 ft., to cost about $80,000. sary to increase our production very materially, and 

we placed all of our men where possible on a "piece 

WILLIAM E. WILLIAMS, 62 Front Street, New York, 

work basis, with the result that a largely increased 

manufacturer of steam specialties, has incorpo 

production per man was attained, so that manv of 

rated the William E. Williams Valve Corporation 

our men were able to make very large earnings.' 

with a capital of $100,000 to manufacture valves 

"We had made it a rule for a number of vears to 

and similar products. Other incorporators are J. 

add to our organization only men under 35 years of 

J. Kingsley and W. Wennels. 

age, preferably under 30. The result was that these 

THE LUNKENHEIMER CO., Cincinnati, has applied for men were able to earn exceptionally large wages and 

a permit for the construction of its new foundry in during the war they would come out early in the 

Hartwell suburb at an estimated cost of $400,000. morning; but since the war ended the wages have 

It will be of brick and steel and is expected to be still further increased per hour, and the more you pay 

ready for occupancy before the first of the year. the less hours they are willina; to work. They no 

THE WOLFF MFG. CO., manufacturer of plumbing sup longer come out at the proper time in the morning, 

plies, 255 North Hoyne Avenue, Chicago, has let but often report very late, sometimes giving the ex 

contract for remodeling its six-story plant. 

cuse of having overslept, and then again they do not 

report at all. On account of the scarcity of labor we 

.THE MCNAB & HARLIN MFG. CO., 55 John Street, 

are obliged to be governed to a large extent by their 

New York, manufacturer of valves, iron, steel and 

wishes in order to get any production at all. 

brass goods, etc., with plant at Paterson, N. J., has 

"We find these young men have very decidedly been 

increased its capital from $300,000 to $1,300,000. 

spoiled by the great increase in the rate of yvaees 

Foster Milliken is president. 

Ihey have no interest in the affairs of the company'


as older men have, and they are only interested in the 

amount of money they can get in the shortest number 

of hours of work. So to-day at our plants we have 

established a rule always to give preference to men 

over 35 years of age, preferably 40, and only use 

men under 35 when it is not possible to get other men. 

We find the older men are more regular and yvill produce 

considerably^ more than the younger men, for the 

younger men will not report regularly, and a great 

deal of their time is spent in floating from one plant 

to another, trying to find out yvho will pay the highest 

price for labor. 

"In our opinion, the wages that are being paid 

generally at the present tinie are too high, and advancing 

them in any yvay will make conditions more 

serious than they yvere before; but from the fact that 

there is this bidding from day to day by our competitors, 

we are obliged to follow, as we are not large 

enough to establish a rate or policy as should be established 

by the largest corporations such as the 

United States Steel orporation. Corporations of that 

size must take the lead, for, believe me, this is a very 

serious question that has to be worked out. This 

country requires more labor, and immediate action 

should be taken whereby foreign labor is brought to 

this country to relieve the situation and in the end 

benefit all classes. 

"As to prohibition: We are of the opinion that conditions 

would be much more serious if the saloons were 

open, as they were five years ago, and I should dislike 

very much to see such an attempt made, for not only 

would yve have a worse shortage in labor hours, but it 

Trade Report and 


Black and Oalvanized Sheets—Demand continues with 

improved receipts. 

Tin Plate—Good demand for prompt delivery. 

Tin—No activity. 

Copper—Tone improved and prices unchanged. 

Lead—Demand only for prompt delivery and prices hold. 

Zinc—Demand is quiet with producers ilittle disposed to 

sell. 

Antimony—More activity and demand fairly good. 

Foundry Pig Iron—Prices tend upward. Output below 

normal. 

Foundry Coke—Spot tonnage scarce. Shipment better. 

Output curtailed. 

Linseed Oil—Inactive—prices hold. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Stocks low. Prices higher. 

Market Conditions 

would be useless to attempt to control labor in any 

way under such conditions." 

More Oddities of Workmen's Compensation Law 


These cases and many others like them show that 

the courts now strain a point to protect employees 

from about anything that may happen to them during 

working hours, whether it had any connection with 

the real yvork or not. If the injured employee is in 

his yvorking hours, and engaged in, or at, or near his 

regular work—he need not even be on his employer's 

premises—he is apparently entitled to claim compensation 

from his employer if anything happens to him. 

Death of John T. Shields 

Announcement is made of the death of John T. 

Shields, president and general manager of the Blake 

Specialty Co., Rock Island, 111. When this company 

yvas established by John D. Blake, manufacturer of 

specialties in connection with the house drainage system, 

Mr. Shields, yvho saw the merits of the line of 

specialties, identified himself with their production. 

His death is not only a loss in the fellowship with his 

associates, but also to the enterprise which, however, 

has been so established that its success is ausured. 

John Grey Dead 

John Grey, aged 52, for 6 years manager of the 

tin plate mill of the Lalance & Grosjean Mfg. Co., 

Harrisburg, Pa., died last week in the Harrisburg 

hospital after a short illness. 


Sheets are coming into the New York market in better 

quantity. Pipe mills have plenty of orders but 

some are shut down on account of coal and car shortage. 

Brass goods are strong and there is a probability 

of further advances in the wages of sanitary potters. 

The buyer has the greatest trouble in getting stock 

to meet his customers' needs. For fall trade goods 

needed should be ordered so as to have them received 

when they can be used. The transportation facilities 

will be taxed and those who can help the situation by 

getting their needs supplied early, will find it to the 

advantage since freight rates will very likely go up 

after September 1. 

FOUNDRY PIG IRON 

New York.—The Virginia Iron, Coal & Coke Co. is of 

C[ It was necessary to shut down some productive 

fering to sell iron for the remainder of this year and the 

J capacity when the order in reference to the use first half of next year at $16, furnace. This is $1 higher 

of open-top and box cars went into effect to step the than the price the Virginia furnaces have been quoting for 

soaring of fuel prices and pig iron prices and the steel the remainder of this year, and very little has been sold at 

men went to Washington to talk direct to the Inter any price for next year. There is a general feeling that 

state Commerce Commission. It is expected that some the recent low price of $42 furnace made by at least one 

relief will soon be felt. 

company in Eastern Pennsylvania was unnecessarily low 

and that considerably higher prices will prevail, owing to

92 


reduced production throughout the country and the decided 

strength of the basic market in the Central West. 


East. Pa., No. 1 fdy., sil. 2.75 to 3.25.$50.05 to Jal.05 

East. Pa., No. 2Xfdy„ sil. 2.25 to 2.75 49.05 to 50.05 

East Pa.. No. 2 fdy.. sil. 1.75 to 2.25. 47.80 to 48.SO 

No. 2X, Virginia, sil. 2.25 to 2.75.... 49.60 

Chicago.—A few new inquiries have appeared and a number 

of consumers have put out feelers for 1931 iron, but 

generally speaking there is little activity. Prices are generally 

firm and such changes as are taking place are principally 

upward. The shortage of coke, as well as its high 

cost, is commencing to have an effect on foundries, and it 

is feared by some that the situation will result in the suspension 

of operation in some cases. The fact that several 

foundries are offering iron for resale is regarded either as 

an indication that they are overstocked or that the reaction 

of the public against high prices is having its effect on the 

foundry industry. 

The following quotations are iron delivered, at consumers' 

yards except those for Northern foundry, and 

steel-making irons, which are f.o.b. furnace and do not 


Northern coke, No. 1, sil. 2. 25 to 2.75, last 

half $4(.__ 


Northern coke foundry, No. 2, sil 1.75 to 

2.25 last half ^.00 

Northern coke, No. 2, spot... 45.00 

Northern high Dhos., last half............ 45.00 

Southern coke, No. 1 foundry and No. 1 

soft sil. 2.75 to 3.25 •••••••• •••• •;• 50 -° 

Southern coke, No. 2 foundry sil 2.25 to 

2 75 _o.

July 16, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

THE GENIE OF 

THE BOTTLE 

IKE the Genie irom the "Arabian Nights", 

*-~* Prest-O-Lite is a wonderful force confined 

in a small cylinder. 

It is subject to the command of its master— 

the trained welder and cutter. Under his direction 

it performs feats of wonder—anywhere, at 

any time. 

In the subway builder's excavation, in the 

floating dry dock, in fact any place—any time 

where welding and cutting metals are required, 

the ready portability of Prest-O-Lite is an asset 

of genuine worth. 

Ask us about the service plan of the Universal 

Gas with the Universal Service. 


General Offices: 30 East -12nd Street, Neyv York, N. Y. 


In Canada—Prest-O-Lite Co. of Canada, Limited, Toronto 

Please quote METAL WOBKEH, PLUMBEB AND STEAM FIITEB when writing to advertisers 

PW-50-c 

9a


No. 1 red brass or composition turning. . 12.25 

Lead, heavy 7.00 

Lead, tea 5.00 

Zinc 5.25 

Old Metals, Chicago.—There is a better feeling in the market 

and red brass, copper chips and bottoms have advanced 

in price. 








Lead pipe .- 6.00 

Tea lead 3.00 



Zinc 4.25 


Old Metals, Boston.—Less activity in copper and aluminum 

were features of the old metal situation. Scrap lead 

is in fairly good demand. Dealers are nominally paying 

as follows: 

Heavy crucible copper < $15.75 to $16.25 









Zinc 5.00 to 5.50 

Pewter No. 1 36.00 to 38.00 

Clean cast aluminum 24.00 to 24.50 



Old Rubber.—Market is dull and prices hold. Tire scrap 

is stagnant while demand from consumers for inner tubes 

is small. Boots and shoes remain unchanged with few 

sales, although the price is not expected to go lower. 

Wholesale dealers' buying quotations are: 

Boots and shoes 6Vt to 6*_ 

Trimmed arctics 5 to 5*4 

;E ^ Art fR £ 

: F Id **" if' ' 

r Pe fc-i •**"* - 

' £ ^ r\ IF. t 

n. H *- a ~ 

%.< 


Auto tires 2% to 2% 

Bicycle tires 1 % to 1 % 

Solid tires 2 to 2% 

No.l inner tubes 12 to 13 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4% 


Mixed black scrap IV2 to 2 

Cotton flre hose % to l'A 


Old Rags.—There has been increase in demand as many 

consumers are looking for lower prices. Wholesale dealers' 

prices are: 

No. 1 whites $10.50 to $11.00 

No. 2 whites 5.75 to 6.00 

Thirds aid blues 3.50 to 3.75 




Paper Stock.—The demand for waste paper stock continues 

strong and no falling off is anticipated since purchasers 

are only buying for present requirements. Wholesale 

dealers' buying quotations for New York are: 

Over issue magazines 3.25 to 3.35 



New York City, July 16, 1920. 

Black and Oalvanized Sheets.—Receipts have become 

more regular but consumers' demands still keep up and 

prevent any accumulation of stocks. 

Tin Plate.—There is a good demand for prompt delivery 

but car shortage retards shipment. Production has been 

increased. 

Copper.—More interest is shown by consumers with resulting 

increase in inquiries, but buying is only of fair 

proportions. 

Tin.—The market continues quiet with transactions being 

confined to dealers while consumers hold off. 

Ample ventilation is a real necessity in a building 

where physical exertion is the rule, whether it be 

a factory, shop, clubhouse, or other structure. 

The Chicago Athletic Club, illustrated, at the left, 

is provided with facilities which assure a constant 

supply of clean, fresh air and the elimination of 

umvholesome gases and dead air. 

Burt Ventilators take care of all these requirements. 



GEO. W. REED & CO., Montreal, Sole Manufacturers 

of "Burt" Ventilators for Canada.


Lead.—Producers report a disappointing conditions of 

output because of labor shortage and irregularity of transportation. 

Consumption has been reduced but not sufficient 

to cause accumulations with diminished supplies. 

zinc—Due to the fact that consumption has been considerably 

curtailed and the producers are not eager sellers, 

the inquiries and sales continue of moderate volume anu 

the price tendency is upward rather than downward. 

Antimony.—Slightly more interest in the market is shown. 

Chinese and Japanese is now quoted at 10 to 12 cents per lb. 

Tin Plate, Pittsburgh.—Extension of the car preference 

to tin plate manufacturers has been made to some of the 

manufacturers who failed to profit by the priority granted 

by the Interstate Commerce Commission lae in May, which 

expired June 26. This has further helped the position of 

the industry with regard to accumulated stocks of tin plate 

for perishable food containers and is reflected in somewhat 

heavier mill operations. Shortage of cars has seriously 

restricted the movement of tin plate for other containers 

and demands for supplies for early delivery still are numerous. 

Stock tin plate, which is all that is available for 

prompt shipment, still is selling up to $10 per base box. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh.—Shortage of cars continues to keep 

down shipments and to prevent any appreciable reduction 

of mill warehouse stock. The congestion appears to be 

more acute with the American Sheet & Tin Plate Co. than 

with the independent manufacturers. The former has more 

than 900 cars of material piled up at its various plants 

awaiting shipment. Pressure for shipments against contracts 

is heavy and fancy prices still are being paid for 

material for early and specified delivery by consumers unable 

to secure tonnage from their regular sources. Recent 

sales of black sheets by independent manufacturers 

have averaged close to 7.50c, base, and sales of galvanized 

sheets for specified delivery have been done as high as 9c, 

base. 


Linseed Oil.—This market is at present inactive except 

for purchases of small lots of spot goods. In lots of 5 bbl. 

and over, city raw American seed is quoted at $1.56 to 

$1.66, and out-of-town raw American seed is $1.56 to $1.66. 

In lots of less than 5 bbl. 3c more per gallon is asked. 

Boiled oil brings 2c more per gallon than raw oil. 

Spirits of Turpentine.—It has been necessary to carefully 

apportion new receipts so as to satisfy current needs 

of regular customers. Shipments have come in very slowly, 

due to bad pier conditions. In machine barrels in yard, 

the wholesale price is quoted at $1.57%. 

Rosin.—Local stocks are low and prices have advanced. 

On the basis of 280 lbs. to the barrel, the wholesale price 

of common-to-good strained is $11.75. Grade D is $16.25. 

Iron and Steel Pipe.—There has been no appreciable easing 

up in the supply situation, although Youngstown district 

manufacturers have been able to make somewhat larger 

shipments into the Pittsburgh territory, as a result of the 

modification of the order No. 7 of the 'interstate Commerce 

Commission, which permits of fairly free loading of opentop 

cars going in the direction of coal mines. Mill operations 

outside of the Pittsburgh district have gained somewhat 

since a week ago. Both the Youngstown Sheet & Tube 

Co. and the Republic Iron & Steel Co., Youngstown, Ohio, 

have practically all of their pipe capacity in operation. 

The Lorain, Ellwood City and Wheeling plants of the 

National Tube Co. are running. The National Works of 

the latter company at McKeesport and the Pennsylvania 

Works in Pittsburgh, which suspended for the holiday week, 

have not yet resumed, and at the Continental and National 

Works of the company in Pittsburgh operations are very 

irregular. The explanation is entirely to be found in the 

A BIG CHANCE TO SECURE 

PROFITABLE CONTRACTS! 


opportunity to increase profits by recommending, 

selling and installing the Watrous Gravity Liquid 

Soap System. Industrial plants of all kinds, Factories, 

Railway Depots, Hospitals, Public Buildings, etc., are 

adopting this improved method of dispensing soap. 

The one large central container, easily refilled, is far 

more economical and more convenient in operation than 

the ordinary wasteful method of an individual container 

for every bowl. 

There are no moving parts to The Watrous System to 

get out of order. Operates wholly by gravity. The 

simple valve in the dispenser 

regulates an even. 

non-wasting supply of 

soap. A plumber's services 

are required to install 

the System. Therefore, 

every sale you make 

will carry with it a contract 

for installation. 

The Watrous Gravity 

Liquid Soap System is a 

new addition to the line 

of the celebrated Watrous 

Sanitary Plumbing Equipment, 

distinguished as 

representing the most advanced 

ideas in sanitary 

pumbing science. The line 

includes Watrous Duojet 

Closets, Self-Closing 

Cocks, Urinals, Drinking 

Fountains and up-to-date 

Specialties. 

I 

Free 1223 Information W. Harrison on St., Request 

Chicago, 111. 

The Imperial Brass Mfg. Co. 

shortage of cars, which has so congested the plants as to 

render operations extremely difficult. The Jones & Laughlin 

Steel Co. maintains full operations at its Woodlawn, Pa., 

pipe mills and is making a rather good showing on shipments 

because of its ability to ship by water. Practically 

none of the companies is able to take any business for 

definite deliverv in anything in tubular goods. 

Foundry Coke.—Conditions are pretty much as they have 

been for the past few weeks, with spot tonnage extremely 

scarce and readily saleable at stiff prices. Rumor has 

been current here lately of the possibility of a restoration 

of the Fuel Administration, and while such a development 

primarily would be for the purpose of a more equitable 

distribution of coal and an artificial reduction in prices, 

the coke market could not very well escape such regulations. 

The Lake requirements of coal between now and the close 

of navigation are estimated to be at least 24,000,000 tons. 

To supply this demand constitutes a real problem in view 

of the fact that the Lake interests believe that $7, mines, 

is a fair maximum price for coal and are disinclined to pay 

more. Unless the Government steps in, it is hard to figure 

how much coal can go to the Lakes, for, with the market 

left free and open, operators would ship where prices were 

hio-hest. At present as much as $11 per ton is obtainable 

onXoal. Some improvement is noted in placements of cars 

for coal, and steel companies operating by-product plants 

are not such heavy buyers of beehive oven coke as they 

were recently. Not much selected foundry coke is to be 

had below $18 per net ton, oven, and it is reported that 

$19, and in one or two cases a little more, has been paid 

for' small tonnages. Nothing recently has been done in 

contracting for foundry coke, and the actual market is 

rather indefinite.

96 








ALUMINUM- 


99% pure, in ingots for re 



July 16, 1920 


York City by merchants carrying stocks. =„fflrientlv heavy 

As there are many consumers whose requirements are not if««enuy neavy 


lots from mills, these prices are given for their convenience imDracticabie 



4.25 4.05 3.00 

4.90 4.50 3.50 

5.05 4.75 4.00 

6.50 7.50 

melting, 100-lb. lots—37 to 39c ELBOW AND SHOES— 

ANTIMONY— 


Chinese and Japanese, per lb. Plain Round and Corrugated— 

10c to 12c All sizes up to 6 in 50% 

BRASS, ROLL AND SHEET— Square— 

Base price Nominal Square 

BISMUTH— 

Per lb $4.00 to $4.50 

CONDUCTORS- 

Corrugated— 




Copper 10% 

Spiral Lock Seam Pipe— 




(See also Elbows and Shoes; 


Conductor.) 



COPPER— 

Lake ingot 21!_-22J_c 



COPPER SHEETS 



From stock 31c to 33c in 100 Ib. lots 

and over. 

For less than 100-lb. lots, 2c per lb. 

advance. 

Cold Rolled, 2c 14 and heavier 

per lb. advance over hot rolled. 

Polished— 48 in. 

long 48 in. 

and to 

less 96 in. 

sq. ft. sq. ft. 

10 in. wide and under 6c 7c 

10 in. to 36 in. wide... 5c 6c 

Over 36 in. wide 8c 9c 

Planished, l}_c per sq. ft. more than 

Polished. 

Bottom, Pitts and Flats, 24 oz. 

base and heavier, per lb 38c 

Tinning— 96 in. 

long 

and Over 

less 96 in. 



Over 20 in. to 48 in. wide 6c 7c 



Galvanized—Toncan or ingot, 25% 


Copper 10% 

EAVES TROUGH MITERS— 

Lap or Slip Joint, 10% above list. 


ELBOWS- 

No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 

4 in $4.00 $3.90 $2.75 

4i_ in. 4.10 3.95 2.8! 

40 ROSIN— 

SOLDER— 

Common to good strained (whole 

V, to J_ guaranteed 37^0 

sale), 280 lbs., per bbl $11.75 

No. 1 *& 

SHEETS— 

Refined •• ••• •••••• ••• • ""j"! 




Cents per lb. 

composition. 

No. 10, per lb _'|_1"92 SOLDERING FLUXES- 

No. 12, per lb 6.55-8.05 .aeger's Salts: 

No 14 per lb 6.60-8.10 

% 

1-lb. cans, each .60 

No. 16, per lb 6.70-8.20 

Copper- 

5-lb. cans, each $3-00 


All sizes Net List 


No. 18 to 20, 

Soft-Steel 

Furnace Pipe and Fittings— 

No. 22 to 24, 

.er lb 7.85- 9.85 Gallon " ftper 

lb 7.80- 9.80 

Standard list..Prices on application 

No. 26, per 

l6 7.90- 9.90 

LEAD— 

per 

No. 

lb 7.95- 9.95 

American Pig, per lb. ,.10!_c to lie 

per 

No. 

lb 8.00-10.00 

Bar, per lb 1154c to 12c 

per 

No. 

lb 8.05-10.05 

METAL LATH— 

per 

No. 

lb 8.25-10.25 

Under 100 sq. yd. per sq. yd. 40c 

and 

No. 

lighter, 36 wide, 


10c higher 

Leads— 


Lead, American White, in OO, 20 gauge 11.10c 

kegs less than 500 lbs., lS^c 22 and 24 gauge 11.20c 

Lead, White, in Oil, 25-lb. tin pails; 26 gauge 11.30c 

add to keg price J^c 

38 gauge 11.50c 

Lead, Red, in Oil, less than 500 lbs., Galvanized— 

15c 

Cents per lb 

Dry Colors- 

Nos. No 22 12 and 24 14 9.10-10.60 9.25-11.05 

Red Venetian, American, 

No. 26 

16 9.25-10.75 

9.70-11.20 

Per 100 lbs., 2_i to 5c 

No. 

Nos. 

27 

18 and 20 9.40-10.90 

9.85-11.35 


No. 2S 10.00-11.50 

Brown, per ton $32.00 to $36.00 

No. 30 10.50-12.50 

Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 


Oils- 

20c higher 

Linseed, City Raw ....$1.56 to $1.66 


Linseed, Boiled, advance, per 

2c/2 in. corrugations, 30c per 100 

gal lc 


Out of Town American Seed 

Corrugated Roofing—Paintedat 

$1 56 to $1.66 


Spirits Turpentine- 

ZVi-in. Corrugation 

In Machine Bbl $1.57J4 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

PUTTY— 

No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c 

No. 26, pr 100 sq. ft. 

In 1-lb. to 5-lb tins, 6.00 to 7.35c 

No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

REGISTERS— 


Cast Iron .-.10% 

F. O. B. cars, Quarry Station. 

Semi-Steel or Steel, in Black for 

Per Square 

White Japan or Electro plate 

According 

and Small Faces and Borders 20% 


Wall Frames 20% 


Large Faced, 14 x 14 in. and 

No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 

larger 40% 

Pen Argyl 7.75 to 8.25 

Base Board Registers 20% 


Base Board Intakes per ton, 20% 


White Enameled Goods $102.00 5% 

Vermont— 

Solid Brass or Bronze 

per 

•oil, Goods, 108 sq. exft. 

No. 1 Sea Green $5.00 to $8.50 

2-Ply 

cept 

Tarred 

Grilles 

Paper 

Net $1.60 


Grilles 

3-Ply Tarred 

in Black 

Paper 

and White Japan 2.00 

Red 22.00 

Rosin 

or Electroplate 

Sized Sheathing, 

in Cast Iron Plain 

Maine- 

Lattice, Design. 

Prices 

Smaller 

on application 

than 


Roofing 

14 x 14 

Pitch, 

in., 

per ton $30.00 No. 1 $14.00 

Open per lb 


15c Slaters felt, 30-lb. roll 2.00 


40-lb. roll 2.25 

1-Ply Tarred Paper 

25 

12-gal. Carboy ....90c per gallon 


Callahan. Non-Corrosive, per 

gal *'- 75 

SOLDERING COPPERS- 



per lb. . „„ .. . 

In lots of less than 100 lbs., advance 

4c per lb. 


2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 

Copper $2.80 $3.75 $5.75 $9.00 dt 

Galv. 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 dt 


Straits, pigs per lb. ..............Sic 

Straits, in bars, per lb 57c to o_c 


..Charcoal Plates—Bright— 

N B.—The price of 14 x 20 


IC, 14 x 20 $16-50 

IX, 14 x 20 18.75 

IXX, 14 x 20 20.50 

IXXX, 14x20 22.25 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 

"A"Charcoal Allaways Grade: 

IC, 14x20 $14.25 

IX, 14 x 20 16.25 

IXX, 14 x 20 18.00 

IXXX, 14 x 20 19.75 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 21.50 

Coke Plates, Bright- 


80-lb $11-80 

90-lb 11.90 

100-lb 12.00 

IC 13-25 

IX 13.25 

IXX 14.25 

IXXX 15.25 

IXXXX 16.25 

Terne Plate- 


100-lb., 14 x 20 $9.35 

IC, 14 x 20 9.50 

IX, 14 x 20 10.50 


squared: 


Walter's and Cooper's Metal Shingles 15-lb. Coating 11.7S 


The 

Shingles 

That Last 

30-lb. Coating 

35-lb. Coating The 

M. F. Grade 

40-lb Coating Shingles 


Per lb. That in 5-lb. Last bags 


13.50 

14.25 

13.50 

15.00 

22c 

The Most Complete Line of Designs The Best Material, Workmanship Western and Finish Slabs 10-llc 

Sheets No. 9 base casks 14!_c 

.Made in Painted Tin or Genuine Be-dipped Galvanized Tin 


National Sheet Metal Roofing Co. 


339-345 Grand Street 

JEBSEY CITY, N. J.

FLORAL PARK, N. Y., JULY 23, 1920. 



Simple Calculations That May Be Used On Small Work With 

Certainty of Pleasing Customer By Results 


Heating Guidance For Residence Work 

The man whose heating work is occasional will find here safe, simple methods for 

By Instructor 

calculating requirements and arranging piping that he can understand and use as 

they have been prepared for his needs. They are in seven parts and a man should 

(, get and read and save all seven. 

In Seven Parts —Part I, Computing Radiation 

T H E series of articles, of which this is the first, 

has been prepared especially for the fitter who 

has a good practical knowledge of the business 

from the mechanical standpoint but who wishes to 

learn how to lay out simple plants and compute the 

size of the various parts. While an effort has been 

made to present the material in suitable form for any 

young man taking up this line of work, it has been 

arranged particularly for those wishing to start in 

the contracting business for themselves or who may 

desire to take charge of a branch shop for some 

larger concern. Direct steam and hot-water heating 

will be considered, with special reference to the warming 

of dwelling houses, apartments, small stores, etc. 

The first step in laying out a system of heating is 

to compute the sizes of the radiators for the various 

rooms. There are a number of good rules for this 

purpose which seem at first sight rather 

Size of complicated, and there are also various 

Radiators "rules of thumb" which are all right 

when the user is experienced and 

knows what allowances to make under different conditions. 

The more complicated rules take into account 

different kinds of wall construction, quality 

of workmanship, location of building with reference 

to wind exposure and points of compass. 

Inside and outside temperatures are also taken into 

account and the general form and design of the radiators. 

Rules of thumb commonly base the square feet 

of radiation upon the cubic contents of the room, 

without reference to the other factors mentioned, and 

for the inexperienced this is always unsafe. Here 

will be worked out something between the two which 

will be simple to use, and still have a certain amount 

of leeway, so it may be adapted to the usual varia 

tions. 

The following rule is based on a room temperature 

of 70 deg., with zero outside, and is for a building 

of ordinary wood' stucco or brick construction. 

Divide the outside wall surface in square feet, by 

Fig. 1. 

Plan. 

F >es/ation. 

Typical Room as Example For Computing 

Radiator 

10- the glass surface by 25; add these quantities, and 

the result will be the square feet of direct cast-iron 

steam radiation required for a south room. 

For a north room, multiply the surface given by 

the rule, by 1.3; for an east room, multiply by 1.1;


and for a west room, multiply by 1.2. If hot water 

is to be used for heating, first compute the size for 

steam, by the above rule, and multiply the result by 

1.5, or in otlier words increase the amount one half. 

Example: What will be the required size of steam 

radiator for the room shown in Fig. 1 ? 

Solution: Total exposed outside surface = (12 -)- 

16) x 8.5 = 28 x 8.5 = 238 sq. ft. Area of a 

single window = 5 x 25 = 12.5 sq. ft.- or a total of 

12.5 x 4 = 50 sq. ft. Hence, there is: Wall = 238 

— 50 = 188 sq. ft; glass = 50 sq. t. 

188 

Applying the rule for radiating surface gives 

10 

-j 

50 

or 18.8 + 

2.5 

20 38.8 sq. ft. The room is on 

the northwest corner of the house, so the amount of 

surface on this account must be increased by the 

factors previously given. The factor for north is 1.3, 

and for west 1.2; hence, the average of these, or 

1.8 -f 1.2 2.5 

= — = 1.25 must be used for a north- 

2 2 

west exposure. 

Making this increase calls for 38.8 x 1.25 = 4c8.5 

sq. ft. of surface. If hot water heating was to be 

used, it would be necessary to provide 48.5 x 1.5 

72.7 sq. ft. of surface. 

= 

This increase in surface for hot-water heating is 

because the water has a lower temperature than steam 

and does not give out heat so fast. The rate of heat 

transfer from the radiating surface to the air varies 

with tlie difference in the temperature between the 

two, and for the ordinarv forms of direct cast-iron 

Fig. 2. A Two Column 

Radiator. 

Fig. 3. A Three 

Column Radiator 

radiation amounts to about 1.7 heat units per square 

foot of surface per hour per degree difference. Steam 

at 1 lb. pressure has a temperature of 216 deg. Assuming 

a room temperature of 70 deg. gives a difference 

of 216 —70 = 146 deg. 

With hot-water heating it is customary to assume 

that the water will leave the boiler at 180 deg. and 

return at 160 deg., thus giving an average tempera- 

180 + 160 

ture of =170 deg. to the radiators. This 

2 

gives a temperature difference of only 170 — 70 = 

100 deg. between the radiator and surrounding air 

as against 146 for steam. Hence the quantity of 

heat given off per square foot of surface per hour 

being in direct proportion to the temperature difference, 

it will be practically 1.5 times greater for 

steam than for hot water; and in order to get a given 

amount of heat per hour, there must be 1.5 times as 

much radiating surface for hot water as for steam. 

The rule given for computing radiating surface 

applies to what may be called regular work, that is, 

the ordinary rooms of a dwelling house or apartment. 

It will be noticed that only the outside 

Special walls and windows have been consid- 

Conditions ered, no allowance being made for the 

floors on the first story or the ceilings 

on the upper story. Under ordinary conditions the 

first of these will be taken care of by the heat radiated 

from the boiler and the basement piping, and the 

second by the additional heat which rises from the 

lower floor to the upper part of the building through 

open doors and stairways. 

Fig. 4. One Section of a Wall 

Radiator. 

Fig. 5. Another Type of Wall 

Radiator. 

Some of the basement heat also finds its way to the 

upper floors and is supplemented by that given off 

by uncovered risers. If, however, there is a room 

off by itself, as in the ell of a house, for example 

with a cold attic above, the square feet of radiation, 

as figured by the rule, should be multiplied by 1.1 

to care for the cold ceiling. This correction should 

also be made in the case of rooms on the first floor 

which come over an unheated basement, that is, over 

a basement room separated from that containing the 

boilera nd having but a very small amount of piping 

and that covered. 

In stores and similar buildings there is frequently 

a wall which comes against an unheated space, like 

a passage way or storeroom. In cases of this'kind 

1 sq. ft. of radiation should be provided for each 15 

to 20 sq. ft. of cold wall, the smaller figure being 

used for storerooms which are liable to be open more 

or less to the outside air, and the larger figure for 

closed corridors which never get very cold. 

Entrnce halls and vestibules also require special 

treatment- as the computed surface does not provide 

for the excessive leakage of cold air around and


through a door. In general, it will be safe to compute 

the size of radiator as for an ordinary room, and 

then double it. 

1. 

< 

1 

1 *— 

o ceam A\ 

Air \/al\/e -, 

»- -J 

•q , 

S 1 • 

•t, _ _ _ _____ 

6' team 

Return | 

/Air Vfl/ve 1 

. b 

'i — • s " 

H tJ 

Peturn • r ' 

Fig. 6 and 7 a Mitre Coil and a Trombone Coil 

If a tight vestibule or storm door is to be provided, 

it may be sufficient to multiply the size of the computed 

radiator by 1.7. The location of the door with 

reference to the points of compass and exposure to 

winds is an important factor in estimating the size 

of radiator for a hall or vestibule. 

The standard forms of sectional radiators shown 

in Figs. 2 and 3 are best adapted to dwelling houses 

and similar kinds of work. For ordinary conditions 

the two-column radiator shown in Fig 2 

Types of will be the most satisfactory. For the 

Radiators sizes required it will generally make up 

in the best proportion. It does not 

project into the room so far as the three-column pattern, 

shown in Fig. 3, and is fully as efficient. Where 

large surfaces are necessary or the space for length 

limited, the three-column radiator may be the most 

desirable. 

In general, radiators 30 to 32 in. in height give a 

better proportion for the sizes required, in steam heating, 

in rooms of small to moderate size. A radiator of 

three or four sections, 38 to 40 in. in height, gives an 

awkward appearance and should never be used unless 

necessary through lack of space for a suitable length. 

Hot-water radiators, being larger, are generally best 

made 36 to 38 in. in height for medium to large 

sizes. 

It is the custom of many fitters and contractors to 

use the same height and pattern for all radiators in 

the building, and obtain the proper amount of surface 

by varying the number of sections. This gives a 

number of small radiators of awkward proportion and 

is not to be recommended. It is much better to vary 

the height sufficiently to get good proportions in the 

different rooms. 

In general, two heights, 32 and 38 in., will cover 

all conditions with the two-column pattern, perhaps 

supplemented in some cases by a three-column radiator 

of large size. 

Wall radiators, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, are especially 

adapted to bathrooms, narrow hallways, entrance 

vestibules, etc., where floor space is limited and 

too much surface is not required. While this type of 

radiator is used in large groups in buildings of certain 

kinds, it is generally limited to units of two or 

three sections in dwelling-house work as the appearance 

of large radiators is not desirable in important 

rooms. 

Pipe coils are frequently used in place of cast-iron 

radiators in stores, shops, etc., where appearance is 

not of so much importance and where it is desired to 

keep the floor clear or distribute tlie heat along a wall 

under the windows. With pipe and wages at their 

present level wall coils are more expensive than wall 

radiators which are more effective and coming more 

generally into use. 

When wall coils are to be employed along the lower 

part of the room, first compute the radiating surface 

in square feet by the rule for cast-iron radiators, and 

multiply by 0.9. Heating surface in this form is 

slightly more effective and it is not necessary to use 

quite so much. Square feet of surface may be reduced 

to linear feet of pipe by use of the following 

factors: 

Diameter of pipe to be 

used in coil Factor 

1-inch 3 

IVi " ^-3 

iy, " _ 

2 " 1.6 

Example: Fifty sq. ft. of lieating surface are required; 

how many linear feet of 114-in. pipe must a 

coil contain to give this amount of surface? 

Solution: 50 x 2.3 = 115. 

Heating coils hung near the ceiling are not so effective 

as when placed on the wall near the floor, as 

the warm air stays at the upper part of the room 

while the lower part remains cool. They are never 

used on the ceiling except in special cases, as when 

it is desired to keep the floors and walls clear or when 

necessary to bring the radiating surface above the 

water line of the boiler. 

When coils are to be used overhead' as noted above, 

first compute the required surface for cast-iron radiation, 

by the rule, and multiply the result by 1.5. 

Whenever a coil is used, provision must be made for 

expansion, as the pipes are not uniformly filled with 

steam when first starting up the fires, and some become 

hot and expand while other are still cold. 

Unequal expansion is provided for in different 

ways, one of the best consisting in carrying the coil 

around the corner of the room, if space permits. When 

this is impossible, a mitre coil, as shown in Fig. 6, 

may often be used where appearance is not important 

as in shops, stores, etc. When the length does not 

exceed 25 or 30 ft. a return bend or "trombone" coil 

may be employed, of the general form shown in Fig. 

7. The length of the expansion effort—"A" Fig. 6— 

should be about one-eighth of the longer portion of 

the coil. This also applies to cases where a wall 

coil is carried around the corner of a room. 

In rooms of ordinary size in dwelling houses the 

radiators mav be placed where most convenient. It 

is always best to go over this matter with the owners 

or architect, as it is desirable to avoid 

Location of interfering with furniture, etc. While, 

Radiators theoretically, a radiator should be 

placed in the coldest part of a room, 

this is not usually necessary in those of small and

lil) METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 23, 1920 

medium size, as the heat will soon find its way 

throughout the entire space by means of diffusion and 

convection current. 

In general, radiation for the upper hall of a dwelling 

house is best located on the first floor' as the heat 

tends to rise and pass up the stairway, and better results 

will usually be obtained by placing the entire 

amount of heating surface called for. both upstairs 

and down, on the first floor. 

In making up the radiators from the computed sizes 

it will, of course, be necessary to use a whole number 

of sections, and this will not usually give a surface 

exactly equal to the computed one. 

In cases of this kind use the number of sections 

which comes the nearest above the computed surface, 

unless the difference is very slight. For example, 

suppose each section contains 4 sq. ft. and 30 ft. of 

surface are required; use 8 sections, giving 32 sq ft. 

instead of 7 which would give only 28 sq. ft. 

(To be continued) 

A New Combustion Recorder 

Gives Simultaneous Graphic Chart 

of CO2 and CO. 

T T has been stated by those in position to know 

that often only 5 to 10 per cent of the energy 

liberated by coal under combustion becomes available 

for useful work due to unintelligent, neglectful and 

wasteful methods of firing- Few users realize the 

vital importance of the proper operation of drafts and 

dampers in obtaining high heating efficiency from coal 

and therefore many large heating installations are 

equipped with a flue gas analyzing apparatus for determining 

the percentage of gas present. 

Fig. 1. An Instrument That Aims at Simultaneous Record 

of CO, and CO in Flue Gas. 

There are many devices on the market for recording 

CO= and CO in flue gases separately and the 

bonus systems usually in force in the boilerroom are 

usually based upon the percentages of CO: determined 

by such instruments. Yet often the object of 

the system has been defeated by the fireman soon 

learning how to so manipulate the dampers as to 

produce a high CO: reading, which is generally taken 

as an indication of complete combustion whereas this 

is only true where no CO is present. 

The Mono monoxide recorder shown in Fi


Improvement Needed in the Form of a Perfectly 

Tight, Flexible Closet Flange 

Are Plumbers To-day as Progressive as 

Twenty Years Ago? 

HAVING just rounded out 40 full and faithful 

years in the plumbing business, I must be getting 

old, for to-day I drifted into a day dream, 

a retrospect—a sure sign of approaching age. In 

imagination the years trooped before me, each with a 

banner inscribed with the practices then in vogue, and 

the improvements brought about. 

The first few years of my apprenticeship were lean 

indeed when it came to improvements. We were doing 

work then about as they did it in Nero's time back 

in ancient Rome. Lead and solder was the formula 

which expressed the state of the art at that time. It 

was a craft, a skilled trade, where to-day it is an engineering 

business. But the plumbers of that time 

were progressive; so were the manufacturers, otherwise 

there would have been no advancement in the 

craft. Zinc and copper-lined bath tubs were the best 

to be had. The carpenter got more out of setting the 

tub than the plumber did. 

But improvement was lurking near by. The porcelain 

lined iron and porcelain bath tub was offered the 

trade by the manufacturers and the plumbers adopted 

them with one accord. They were progressive in 

By Neal A. Egan 

A Practical Plumber 

those days. 

The marble top, or the onyx top lavatory was the 

last word in elegance 20 years ago. Then came the 

vitreous china and the porcelain lined lavatories, and 

in less than a year they had driven the old oil-staining 

marble out of business. 

Those were manufacturers' improvements one might 

say, and in a measure they were so. Manufacturers 

at'that time were looking for and offering the best, 

and plumbers were only "too glad to accept the best. 

Now it would seem the plumbers and the manufacturers 

are willing to drift along on the prestige of their 

past accomplishments. 

What have plumbers contributed to plumbing practice 

within the past twenty years? Shall I say 

NOTHING? 

Traps, systems of venting and back venting, standards 

of weight and size, fresh-air ilets and main drain 

traps, all these were introduced and adopted by those 

who have passed before us. I can 

The Water- 

Connection 

Closet Floor 

not think of one contribution to 

plumbing practice within the past 20 

years. The fresh-air inlet and main 

drain trap have outlived their use 

fulness but are still retained in practice. Why? 

The old-time plumbers perfected everything they 

could in the drainage system—perfected everything 

but the verv insanitary, unworkmanlike and unsatis- 

factory putty joint at the closet connection. They 

would have perfected that, but nothing was offered by 

the manufacturers. There were no flexible metal-tometal 

connections in those days. 

One lonesome little improvement was left for their 

successors, and neither plumber nor manufacturer has 

risen to the occasion. The manufacturers almost made 

a goal, almost but not quite. They shortened the outlet 

horn of closets, then stopped short of furnishing 

that closet with a perfectly tight and permanently 

tight flexible flange. 

That is not the spirit of the manufacturer which 

gave us our superior plumbing fixtures. It is lacking 

in foresight, knowledge of the needs of the trade, 

progressiveness and that element of service which 

made it easy for early plumbers to adopt improvements 

because backed up by the manufacturers of the 

fittings needed. 

It is hard to believe that the manufacturers, the 

potters, who shortened the outlet horn, neglected at 

the same time to complete their incomplete fixtures 

by providing them witli a flexible metal-to-metal connection. 

By neglecting to do so they 

Fixtures actually stood in the way and barred 

Were Left progress. A metal-to-metal flange can 

Incomplete be had only through potters. One member 

of the flange is attached to the 

earthenware. The short outlet horn is capped like a 

crown tooth. Tlie jobber or plumber cannot purchase 

and attach the flanges for they are not sold to the 

jobbers or plumbers. Consequently the action of the 

potters was equivalent to saying: 

Here, you take this closet as we offer it without 

a flange, or take nothing. 

What they should have#done was to offer the closets 

either with or without a flexible flange. Then the 

plumbers exercising that old-time spirit of progressiveness 

could soon wipe the putty joint out of ex- 

istence 

It is not too late now. Let the potters adopt the 

policy either of putting a flange on every closet 

turned out, or offering to the trade stock closets with 

or without a metal-to-metal flange. If it is not on 

the market, it cannot be used. Get it started and it is 

up to the plumbers to do the rest. 

And the plumbers? Just leave it to them. The 

spirit of the old-timers is there still even if they did 

not leave us much to do. They have left us one blot 

to wipe out, and if the potters will only do their 

part, we will do the rest.


How to Adjust Bunsen Burners to Get Efficiency 

Some Troubles Experienced in Automatic Heaters 

Letters of a Plumber to His Helper 

Improper Working of Gas Water Heaters and Portable 

Room Heaters Often The Result of Poor Gas Supply 

Through Service Pipes Being Stopped With Frost 

WANT to know something about gas appliances. 

I There are quite a few in use in this town and 

the gas company does not now fit or repair them, 

although most of the appliances were sold by them 

when they sold gas fixtures as well as gas. The 

result is, that the plumbers now have to do any 

repairing or fitting of such things and none of the 

local plumbers seem to know very much about them. 

Recently there seems to have been an epidemic of 

trouble with gas water lieaters and this shop has 

had its sliare of the work, which has been done in a 

more or less—generally less—satisfactory way. 

HARRY. 

DEAR HARRY: 

I am inclined to think that much of the trouble 

you speak of in connection with gas water heaters is 

due to the cold weather. You are not so far away 

from us but that your weather conditions are almost 

the same as ours and this year we had severe frost 

before there was much snow to prevent 

Gas Water it going deep into the ground. The re- 

Heater suit is that a number of gas service pipes 

Trouble as well as water service pipes have been 

frozen or partly frozen. Such moisture 

as there is in the gas gathers on the walls of the 

pipes in the form of minute crystals of ice and the 

pressure and supplv is reduced very much. So you 

can see that with a reduced supply and pressure the 

adjustment of air and gas at the burners is altered 

and trouble develops. 

When a complaint is received that a gas water 

heater or a gas room heater is not giving satisfactorv 

service the first thing to look for is the amount of 

gas that is available. If there appears to be an am 

By William Hutton 

needle valve which is provided on some burners or 

by reducing the size of the aperture in the nozzle. 

If the water heater is of the instantaneous type 

which is set at the end of the bathtub to deliver hot 

water directly into the fixture, the burners may have 

become coated with soot through the use of too rich 

a mixture, the gauzes in the mixing chamber may be 

filled with dust so that air cannot pass freely through, 

or the top of the burner may be filled with carbon. 

A thorough cleaning will make them more efficient 

anyhow, so it is a good plan to look into this. If 

the heater is of the type connecting to the side of a 

range boiler see that the copper coils are clean. 

Deposits of carbon and other matters on the coils 

reduce the heat transmission very much and the use 

of a stiff wire brush will improve it. The same 

treatment for the burners as is recommended for bath 

heaters applies. 

House heaters are of such great variety that I cannot 

give you advice which will apply to all. Most 

radiators and small round heaters use gas without 

any admixture of air. If the gas supply is insufficient 

the flame at the burners will be reduced and of necessity 

the heating will be lowered. If they have become 

stopped, clean out the burners or 

Be Assured fit new ones. If the heater is of the 

of Good newer type burning gas and air with a 

Flame blue flame, see that the mixture is right 

and the color of the the flame will be 

your guide as in the water heaters. Remember that 

there is a point at which the flame has the highest 

efficiency. If it is too "soft" even although it is not 

yellow or smoky, tlie heating efficiency will be low 

ered. So if you can get a snappy flame with a good 

ple supply the burner itself may be at fault, but first cone in the center of it, which will not "pop" when 

make sure that the supply is sufficient. If it is nob lighting or shutting off the supply, you will find that 

the flame probably will light back into the mixing the heater will give satisfaction. 

chamber of the burner. If there are lighting fixtures Then you have the automatic heaters which operate 

tlie reduced illumination is cut down by reason of by the pressure of water in the service pipes. Tliese 

freezing in the service pipes. 

are connected direct to the fixtures and a diaphragm 

When there is a proper mixture of gas and air, a valve operates the gas supply when the opening of a 

bunsen burner will produce a clear flame approach faucet reduces the water pressure and so allows the 

ing a violet color with a greenish cone in the center. gas valve to lift. 

If the whole flame is hard and blue there is too 

much air for the amount of gas passing through, 

In addition to the pressure operation, such lieaters 

often have a thermostatic control so that if the water 

and closing the air shutter will help it if the gas 

pressure is normal. 

should become overheated by slow drawing while the 

gas flame is in full operation, the thermostatic valve 

If the flame shows tinges of yellow there is too will shut off the gas until the temperature of the 

much gas being used and the air shutter should be water has been lowered to the point at which the 

opened more. If opening the air shutter to the limit heater has been designed to supply it. 

does not improve the flame and yellow still sliows, These, as you will find, are somewhat harder to ad 

the gas nozzle should be adjusted, either by the just as there are more things to go wrong with them.


Studv the makers' directions, which almost always are 

found hung near to the heater if the owner is ordinarily 

careful of his property. The by-pass or pilot 

light in the heater has to be cleaned from time to time 

as it becomes carbonized and it is well to see that this 

is working properly first. Then try out the burners 

to see that the flame is right. If the burners work 

properly when the valve allows the gas valve to open 

and a sufficient supply of hot water is not given, see 

if the heating surfaces are not foul. If the valves do 

not operate properly they may need new packings or 

cleaning of plungers with fine emery cloth. The relief 

hole in the plunger may be stopped if the gas 

keeps on burning after the water faucet has been 

shut off. 

If, after you have the heater working well, there 

is still a complaint that the water is not hot enough 

or that too much gas is required to provide the amount 

of hot water required, see if the heater 

Heater has been set correctly. There may be 

Should Be long runs of piping losing heat or stor- 

Properly Set ing up a large amount of water which 

must be drawn off before hot water 

comes at the faucets. If this is so, advise the changing 

of the piping so as to obviate this loss as much as 

possible. 

If you do not understand the working of the heater, 

get a diagram from the maker before you begin to 

make any adjustments requiring taking it apart. Then 

you will be able to understand the mechanism and 

appreciate when it is working as it ought to be. 

Sorry if this answer is somewhat sketchy. It cannot 

be otherwise when applied to heaters unless some 

particular type is referred to and then the working 

parts could be described. But at least it may serve 

to show you what.should be looked for when trouble 

is reported and, as I said before, you probably will 

find that insufficient gas supply is the reason for 

vour present "epidemic. ' 

LEN A. HAND. 

The Public Protected by Plumbing Law 

People realize the benefit they derive from the 

laws and regulations that have been procured by 

plumbers when they are shown so that they see and 

understand them. Then who should do the teaching 

To protect their own interests the plumbers 

must do it or their customers will support the contention 

of their builders, who say plumbing costs 

too much because it must be done in an unnecessary 

way as brought about by the plumber. If the people 

are told all about it, the bad influence now being 

exerted by the builders will fail. 

In Raleigh, N. C> the authorities are proceeding 

along correct lines for the public welfare as the 

following from a local paper indicates: 

In the future, all plumbers applying for license to follow 

their trade in the city must stand examination before a 

regular board of plumbing examiners. If they pass the 

required tests, they will be granted a license. They must 

qualify regardless of whether they hold a union card. 

The commissioners are preparing an ordinance governing 

the new plumbing plans, but Commissioner Bray has already 

submitted the names of John Thiem, Eric Hill and 

C A Bridgers as members of the examining board. 

In carrying out strict plumbing inspection in the future, 

Commissioner Bray has added an assistant plumbing inspector, 

who will aid Inspector John Thiem in seeing that 

every inch of plumbing in the city is properly installed. 

The new assistant is F. H. Howell, who receives a salary 

of $1,800 per annum. 

The new plans will be important to property owners and 

will insure high-grade plumbing at all times. 

Cleveland Storm Center for Sanitary 

Codes 

The labor relations committee of the Chamber of 

Commerce, in a report made on the plumbers' strike 

which began June 1, arraigns the whole system under 

which the plumbing trade operates in the Cleveland 

district. 

The committee declares: 

1. That the plumbing business virtually is 

dominated by the plumbers' union. 

2. That the plumbing code by requiring the 

licensing of journeymen plumbers makes it possible 

to limit the number of men in the trade 

here to a point far short of the demand. 

3. That the rules and regulations of the 

union contribute to the difficulties of employing 

men and add to the labor costs in construction. 

4. That the restriction of the number of 

men in the trade here has led to "abnormal and 

unjustifiable competition" among the employers 

to get men regardless of wage scale agreements. 

5. That there exists in the plumbing industry 

a condition which is a menace to all building 

operations in Cleveland and an example of the 

danger lurking in the closed shop plan. 

The committee declares the blame for the conditions 

which have made this situation possible rests as 

much with the contractors who made unwise agreements 

as with the unions. 

It does not enter into the merits of the present 

wage demands of the plumbers' union ($12 a day 

with all tools furnished), stating it prefers instead 

to show facts as to actual working conditions. 

It does condemn the plumbers' union for unwillingness 

to accept arbitration of its demands under the 

agreement of the Building Trades Council with the 

Building Trades Employers' Association. 

And, specifically, it recommends the immediate repeal 

of those sections of the present plumbing code 

in Cleveland which require the licensing of journey 

men plumbers. 

The committee submits statements of union officials 

and employers to show: 

1. That a journeyman plumber cannot get 

work in Cleveland until he has obtained the red 

card which shows he has passed the examination 

under the city code. 

2. That although the codes of suburban cities 

do not contain anv such restrictions, union regulations 

prevent the employment of such men 

anywhere in Greater Cleveland unless they have 

complied with the Cleveland requirements.

1(1. METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

3. That it takes two to three weeks in many 

cases to pass the examinations and get the cards 

and that therefore many plumbers have been 

unwilling to come to Cleveland even when offered 

jobs here. 

1. That despite the fact the city has had a 

July 23, 192. 

building boom for several years past the number 

of plumbers licensed has not increased sub- 

stan tially. 

The number of plumbers in the last four years, report 

says, has been as follows: 1917, 801; 1918, 

684; 1919, 719; 1920, 720. 

Self Confidence and Nerve 

Both of These Characteristics Very Apparent in The 

National Association of Master Plumbers 

M O S T people, who make a success of anything, 

arc possessed of two qualities that have more 

or les-, to do with their achievements. The 

same is true of a body of men, and in the National 

Master Plumbers' Association there are present the 

qualities that have made for the success of the American 

Army in France, the reason why Alvin York was 

acclaimed the war's most notable here, and a whole 

basketful of such things. 

One thing that adds to the success of anybody is 

a grain or two of self-confidence and a dash of nerve. 

One i.s hardly present without the otlier and evidently 

master plumbers are supplied with both. This is not 

a knock but a boost and a similar spirit in other organizations 

would add to the power of the association 

and go far toward the building of a courage that 

would not ebb when reverses come, sometimes all but 

too thick.' Both of the qualities are evident to those 

who have kept pace with the success of the National 

Master Plumbers' Association after passing through 

their recent crisis. 

Some of the people besides the members of the 

master plumbers' organization have a hunch that the 

National Bureau of Standardization of iilumbing materials 

and installation will attain results because of 

those same qualities. Great is the work contemplated. 

Standardization means economy and efficiency in both 

theory and practice. However, efficiency should not 

be sacrificed for false economy. 

It behooves each organization interested in standardization 

to give that active support and cooperation 

so necessary to secure the results demanded. Organizations 

are very much like trees, houses, cows 

and human beings, too, for we know that nothing in 

this world stands still and lives. If a tree is alive, 

or a boy is alive and kicking, there is constant growth. 

When a tree or boy or organization stands still and 

fails to grow or change, it dies. There are dead organizations 

just as every once in a while when we are 

out walking we come to a dead tree, but we don't want 

our American Society of Sanitary Engineering to 

stand still and become a dead one. 

At our last annual meeting we pledged the standardization 

bureau our support. Your committee is on 

the job and expects the support and cooperation of 

*President American Society of Sanitary Engineering. 

By Major William C. Groeniger* 

each individual member. The National Bureau of 

Standardization of Plumbing Materials has adopted 

the recommendation of the Sanitary Potters' Association, 

eliminating "the horn waste opening of closets." 

This action has brought forth considerable criticisms. 

None of the criticisms offered that have been 

brought to my attention warrant a reconsideration of 

this all-important question. In fact, most of the 

criticisms offered against the elimination of the "horn 

waste opening" emphasize the necessity and importance 

of a fool-proof closet connection, the isrojection 

horn of which has little or no bearing. Most of the 

criticisms and objections coming from the trade are 

mechanical and irrelevant to the elimination of the 

projection horn. We welcome your condemnations 

and commendations. 

O .MUAJJ JU> LrJ C-i4j 

Melt together equal parts of 

shellac, white resin and car 

bolic acid in crystals; add the 

ast after the others are melted.


Sheet Metal Used to Protect Moving Picture Films 

Fig. 1.—Fireproof Building with Sheet Metal Ceiling 

and Film Boxes Shown in Lett Foreground. 

Absolute Safety Assured When Surrounded by Sheet Metal 

and Other Fireproof Material 

T H E demand for fireproof building construction increases 

each year and, with the advent of new industries, 

new uses for it develop. The moving picture 

film producer has been one of the most recent to 

realize its advantages and utilize them. 

Sheet metal is recognized as one of the best fireproof 

materials and from the beginning films have 

been carried about in a metal receptacle. But now a 

film exchange, where numbers of these films must be 

constantlv stored, has gone even further and in addition 

to' occupying a fireproof building with sheet 

metal ceiling, as shown in Fig. 1, has had erected 

inside terra cotta brick vaults, concrete and covered 

and ventilated, where films still in their sheet metal 

boxes can be stored with absolute safety. Iheir extreme 

inflammability and value fully justify these apparently 

excessive precautions. 

This building is located on Vernon Avenue, just 

north of Webster Avenue in Long Island City, and 

will be occupied bv the Lloyd Film Storage Corporation. 

It is constructed of brick, measures 50 x 200 x 

I5I/2 ft. and has large sliding doors at both ends. 

Originallv designed for a garage, it still has the general 

outside earmarks of such, since the chief changes 

in the plans have been only the omission of a gasoline 

tank and the erection of storage vaults. 

On the five-plv tar and gravel roof, as shown in 

Fig 2 are twelve No. 24 galvanized iron wire glass 

skylights, 5 v 10 ft. each, with ridge vent. The two 

5-in. copper leaders running from roof to the ground. 

are trapped at the foot and connected to a common 

drain The sheet metal work throughout the building 

was done by the A. H. Jeter & Co., 35 Webster 

Avenue, Long Island City, N. Y. 

The 1-in. deep concrete floor has 5 in. of cinder 

as bedding and is provided with a 3-in. drain and 

trap, piped through an oil separator to the public 

sewer. The ceiling is made up of No. 26 gage "V" 

crimped galvanized iron sheets' laid on V_X n - wall 

board, nailed to the spruce roof beams. 

Along the south side of the building have been 

erected three sets of two vaults each. Fig. 2 shows 

them in the process of construction, one near the front 

being practically completed. Each set measures 

7V2 x 19V_ x 8 ft. and is constructed of fireproof terra 

cotta brick covered with concrete. A center wall 

equally divides the compartment and the resulting 

Fig. 

Strong and S'imply Installed Wall Radiator 

*> Hanger. 

vaults are back ventilated to the roof to reduce the 

danger of spontaneous combustion of the stored films. 

The films are all placed in sheet metal boxes such as 

are piled against the vault at the right of Fig. 2 and 

there is also a pile of the boxes on the floor at the left. 

In the rear south corner of the building is the office,

IOC METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 23, 1920 

Fig. Skylight Arrangement with Detail of Construction 

while the only excavated section is directly beneath. 

This basement is 16 x 18 ft.and contains the source of 

the building's heat. A steam heating system consisting 

of a Thatcher Progress No. 728 boiler, as shown 

in Fig 3, having triangular grates of 8.8 sq. ft. area 

and 14 wall radiators distributed about the building on 

two heating circuits, has been installed. Rising directly 

upward from the boiler to within a few feet of 

the ceiling of the main floor is the supply main which 

there divides into two 2-in. branches, one line continuing 

straight along one side of the building, as shown 

overhead at the right in Fig. 1. The other line, after 

a right angle turn around the office, crosses the building 

and runs along other wall, where at end it drops 

down and connects with the last radiator, as shown in 

Fig. 4. 

The fourteen wall radiators are 5 or 10-section 

units. Each section has 9 sq. ft. of radiating surface, 

so that they expose 45 and 90 sq. ft., respectively. 

Along the wall at the right in Fig. 1 are three 10-section 

and two 5-section radiators. At both the front 

and rear is a 10-section unit placed on opposite sides 

of the door, while the office requires only a 5-section 

radiator. Six 10-section units are located equi-distant 

along the other side wall. This arrangement gives a 

total radiating surface of 1,135 sq. ft. for the main 

floor, of which 45 sq. ft. are in the office. 

The office measures 16 sq. ft. and 15% ft. high. It 

has two exposed walls, or a total exposed surface of 

16 x 15^2 x2 = 496 sq. ft. There is a transom door 

3 x0y2 ft. and a transom double window 6x 10 ft., 

making a total glass surface of 88 sq. ft. If 4 sq. ft. 

of wall are equal to 1 sq. ft. of glass surface, then 

4,9g — 88 -f- 4 gives the total wall surface equal to 

102 sq. ft. of glass surface. Therefore the total E. G. 

S. equal^02 -f- 88 or 190jsq. ft. 

Assuming each square foot of E. G. S. loses 85 B. t. 

u. per hour, then the total loss would be 16,150 B. t. u. 

per hour. For 70 deg. temperature indoors against 

zero outdoors, wall radiators give off 250 B. t. u. per 

hour per sq. ft. of radiating surface. Then the total 

radiation in this room will be 45 X 250 = 11,250 B. t. 

u. per hour. The 4,900 B. t. u. difference between the 

heat losses (16,150, and the heat radiated (11,250), is 

made up by the heat radiated from the piping and 

boiler directly beneath this office. 

When conditions like this are present, it is good 

practice to take that source of heat into account and 

make a reasonable allowance. This will save on radi 

ator installation and prevent excessively 

high temperatures being produced in 

the room. 

The total radiating surface distributed 

about the rest of the building is 

sufficient to maintain the large main 

floor at the comfortable temperature of 

55 Fahr. in zero weather. 

The radiators are attached to the 

wall by the specially designed and effective 

hanger shown in Fig. 5, made of 

No. 12 gage wrought iron by A. H. 

Jeter & Co. It is cut out in a press and 

formed to a right angle with holes for 

lag screws to fasten on to the wall. 

The other end is cut in a semi-circle to 

fit under the connection between sections 

of the radiator. 

Tlie overhead drop feed system is used for connecting 

the radiators. Piping drops down from the overhead 

main and connects at the top of the radiator, as 

shown in Fig. 4, while the return from the opposite 

end connects with the dry return main laid in a covered 

ditch or trench along the side wall. Eaeh radiator 

has the usual steam supply and air valve and just 

before the return connects with the return main in the 

pit, a swinging check valve is set in place to prevent 

any back-up of the return. 

The 5 x 10-ft. skylights located on the roof are 

made of No. 24 galvanized iron. As shown in Fig. 2, 

Fig. 4. Showing Connections to a Wall Radiato r Hung 

on Two Jeter Hangers.

July 23, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUM 

they have a ridge vent, ^-in. thick wired glass, 2 2-in. 

gutter and a square leader. The sides are pivoted to 

swing open for ventilation and are controlled from inside 

of the building. 

As a final fire protection precaution a sprinkler system 

has been installed and since the vaults occupy 

only a small part of the available space on the main 

Fig. 3. Steam Boiler Showing Supply Main in Rear and 

Return in Foreground. 

floor, the remainder will be used as a workshop and 

quarters for the inspection and winding of the films. 

More Zinc Used in Government Paints 

Standard Paint Specifications, under which the 

Government is recommended hereafter to purchase 

paints for use of the Army, Navy and other departments, 

have been determined upon by the Inter-Departmental 

Committee for the Standardization of 

Paint Specifications. The decision which resulted 

from months of investigation and tests, is being 

brought to the attention of the trade by the New 

Jersey Zinc Co., 160 Front Street, New York City, 

includes the following: 

Two features are significant: First, the importance 

of zinc oxide in increasing proporfions is recognized 

by paint technologists on the committee; second, the 

latitude afforded by the specifications permits a large 

field of paint manufacturers to compete for Govern 

ment business. 

The pigment proportions of the specifications fol 

low: 

Minimum Maximum 

Percentage Percentage 

Zinc Oxide _ - - - - - 3° 55 

Lead (total, including either one or 

mixture of carbonate and sulphate) 45 70 

Inerts and colors - - 0 "* 

The purpose of these specifications is to provide 

for the purchase of prepared paints generally available 

in any section of the country without requiring 

paint manufacturers to make up special batches*. It is 

believed these specifications will include the formulae 

of the majority of high grade paints on the market. 

Of particular interest to paint manufacturers and 

ERANDSTEAMFITTER 107 

users is the high proportion of zinc oxide introduced 

into the Government formula. Tliis is regarded as one 

of the most sweeping official acknowledgments of this 

pigment's utility in paint yet recorded. Less than ten 

years ago, except in the Navy and lighthouse service, 

no zinc oxide was included in paints used by the 

Government. Zinc oxide now composes 60 per cent 

of the pigment of Battleship gray paint that covers 

battleships and other U. S. naval craft. 

American produced zinc oxide, however, has helped 

to paint the British navy for 50 years; while F"rance 

has been an exponent of zinc in paint for a long 

period, it was not until technical experts urged a mixture 

of zinc oxide in paint that Washington took official 

notice of it. 

Now, the Capitol Dome is covered with paint, containing 

zinc so that rust may be deterred; army cantonments 

are clothed with zinc paint, both inside and 

out, and during the war, zinc paint aided in camouflaging 

the big field guns in France as well as transports 

and battleships. 

Recognition of Zinc's efficiency has been a factor in 

the greatly increased popularity of ready-mixed 

paints. The durability of such paints make their use 

economical and they possess other advantageous qualities 

that commend them to users. 

High-grade, ready-mixed paints include varying 

proportions of zinc oxide which range from 30 to 55 

per cent. The liberal limits allowed by the Inter- 

Departmental Committee, however, insure the zinc 

portion being close to the higher figure inasmuch as 

zinc possesses great oil absorption properties and 

gives paint increased covering power. 

Zinc paint also possesses color constancy. It has a 

tough, hard film. 

Tools For Turning Radiator Valve Spuds 

By SKRAV 

TVT O man can be a first-class mechanic who stays in 

one shop all the time. He must get new ideas 

from other mechanics in his own line either by word 

of mouth or in print. There was a time when tinners 

served 7 years as apprentices and then were supposed 

to travel 3 years longer working under instructions 

before they could call themselves tradesmen or "journeymen." 

This journeying from one place to another 

is probably how the word "journeyman" came about. 

I often wonder what the boys of to-day would 

think of going through such a school. Luckily for 

them it is not necessary. They can cut their apprenticeship 

in two by a careful study of their trade papers 

because all they could learn on the road will be found 

sooner or later printed for their special benefit. 

Such knowledge generally comes in small packages, 

but mechanical ability consists of a lot of small things. 

Here is one: 

I watched a steam fitter trying to take the spud ot

108 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 23. 1920 

a radiator valve out of the radiator a short time ago. 

As you probably know, there are two projections opposite 

each other on the inside of each nipple spud 

for the purpose of turning it in and out. This man 

had a file, a chisel and a couple of nails stuck into 

the spud to make the file fit. He used a Trimo 

wrench (a bad thing for the wrench, by the way) on 

the file and monkeyed around until he broke the file. 

Then I left. 

Now in our shop we have two simple little tools 

that are just the thing for this purpose whicli we 

always carry with us on new or old work. The illustration 

shows about all that is necessary so that anyone 

can make them. However, it may be well to say 

that one is made 5js in. long and 1 15-16 in. wide 

© 

'__ 

\S\ 

Tools for Turning Radiator Valve Spuds. 

at one end and 1 7-16 in. at the other, and is used for 

2 and I'X-in. valves and the other is made 4^ in. 

long and 1 3-16 in. wide at one end and 1 5-16 in. 

at the other, and is used for \\'T, and 1-in. valves. 

They are made of steel. The holes are used to carry 

them on a rong. The thickness is Y% in. The other 

shape and dimensions are as shown. 

Sheet Metal for Fire Protection 

It will be a gratification to all in the sheet metal 

industry, certainly sheet metal workers, to note that 

the National Fire Protection Association in an illustrated 

circular has the following to say in behalf of 

sheet metal construction. One of the illustrations 

sliows a standard fire door under which is this caption: 

In a large paper warehouse in which everything in one 

section was destroyed by fire, a line of standard tin-clad 

fire doors effectively protected all stories of the adjoining 

section. The aceonipanying photograph shows one of the 

doors. Self-releasing timbers saved the walls from wreck, 

and the doors kept the fire in the burning section. Note 

the integrity of the standard hardware and the unwarped 

body of the door, due to its well-selected lumber and proper 

nailing. Nothing happened to it but the bite the fire took 

out of the core exposed in the little round gas-vent. 

Tlie following extracts are from the circular: 

We cannot be expected to tear down our cities and rebuild 

them of fire-resisting material; the cities must be protected 

a.s they stand. In the heart of nearly every city there are 

streets crossing at right angles, along which for a very 

considerable distance are buildings of brick, stone and concrete. 

This shows a more or less complete Maltese -;ross 

of buildings which are not wood and which operate to divide 

the wooden-built district into quarter sections, and which 

might hold a fire in any one of these sections if they were 

equipped to do so. These brick and stone buildings are 

ordinarily valueless as firestops, because their windows are 

of thin glass and tlieir window frames of wood. At Baltimore 

and San Francisco the conflagration attacked such 

buildings easily, breaking out the panes, consuming the 

frames, and converting every story of these structures into 

horizontal flues full of combustible contents. Brick and 

stone buildings are logical and capable firestops if the fire 

can be kept out of them. The small city that will trace out 

its Maltese cross of such buildings and equip them with 

metal window frames and wired glass or standard fire 

shutters will immediately possess the equivalent of substantial 

fire walls crossing at right angles in its center, 

dividing it into four sections. By such a simple, inexpensive, 

but yet strategic procedure, many a city may save 

itself from the destruction which now awaits only the right 

kind of a fire on the right kind of a night. 

We have referred in this plan merely to the smaller cities, 

but it is obvious that this form of protection is especially 

imperative in the brick, stone and concrete districts of all 

large cities where valuable goods are housed in close proximity. 

Fires in the large cities entail an enormous waste 

because of the great values assembled there. We must come 

eventually to the equipment of all commercial, factory and 

office buildings with metal window frames and wired glass. 

This will mean the abolition of the conflagration hazard in 

our cities. Fires will then be unit fires, extinguished easily 

by a competent fire department within the building in which 

they originate; for the protection of window openings not 

only prevents fire from entering, but prevents fire from 

issuing out of the burning building. We may expect an occasional 

exceedingly hot fire to break down the defense of 

an adjoining building, but it is obvious that a conflagration 

could not get under way among buildings of fire-resistive 

construction with properly protected window openings. 

Whether exposed to possible fire from adjacent buildings 

or not, there should be no wooden frames or trim about the 

windows, for under strong draught fire frequently creeps 

up outside from story to story by means of the windows, 

consuming the wood trim and igniting contents of the building 

on each floor. Metal window frames are now so constructed 

that they will stand very considerable exposure 

to fire without buckling or releasing the glass, and their 

liberal use in all varieties of buildings is greatly to be 

desired. The sashes may be operated as conveniently as 

those of any other window. It is of course possible for 

heat to radiate through tliose windows and sometimes ignite 

combustible goods inside, but where the exposure is especially 

severe a tin clad wooden shutter back of the window 

inside the building will afford almost perfect heat msulation 

from outside fire attack. 

As outside wall-opening protection may be afforded in 

this manner the spread of fire inside buildings may also be 

checked by proper equipment of inside wall openings with 

standard fire doors, of which there are several varieties, any 

of which if properly installed in a fire wall will confine "a 

fire to the burning section. 

The persistence of sweeping fires, inside and out, can 

only be due to the indifference of those who might stop 

them. The physical means of stopping them are simple and 

effective, and the citizen who by such means converts a 

building of horizontal flues into a fire barrier may at any 

moment prove the saviour of his city. 

"So she married a plumber?" 

Plumb Ridiculous 

"Yes, and he wears a plug instead of a cap. As a 

result of the union he buys nipples by the dozen and 

works like 'ell applying grease to his elbows at high 

pressure. He never fusses with tees on account of 

leaky check valves in his heart. He claims he fell 

into an ideal trap and hasn't been able to thread his 

way out. His marriage is no pipe, its a coupling, but 

his poeketbook hasn't leaked so fast since he made a 

tight joint with the union."


Thermometer and Sprinkler System Protest 

During Value Determination Test 

Inside Casings of Pipeless Furnaces 

T H E R E are a number of manufacturers who are 

The results found and conclusions arrived at 

are given in the report of E .C. Anderson, 

manager of furnace department, of Buck's. 

Stove & Range Co., St. Louis, Mo. 

selling pipeless furnaces without casings, simply 

shipping the castings and allowing the dealer to 

manufacture his own casing. We have felt sure that 

these manufacturers did not realize the importance 

of the proper construction of the inside casing on a 

pipeless furnace. We were convinced of this because 

of the large variation discovered in the circulation 

and in the efficiency of the different makes of 

furnaces that we tested when we brought out the 

present line of Buck's furnaces. 

Recently one of our travelers sent in an order for 

some pipeless furnaces without casing. In order to 

see whether we were fanatical or not in regard to our 

views we tested the matter out thoroughly as follows: 

The test started just after lunch. The paper that started 

the kindling was weighed, also the kindling and coal, and 

a record was made of the time and number of pounds of 

coal put on the fire as the test went along. Readings were 

taken every 15 min. on the velocity and the temperature 

of the air'coming from the register; also the temperature 

of the outside casing at a point half way between the 

register and the bottom of the furnace. This test continued 

all afternoon, and the fire was held over night to 

run the test all the next day. 

The furnace was then uncased and an inside casing was 

put on, made only of black iron, without any air space, 

without anv lining, or, in other words, the crudest inside 

casing that' could be conceived. In other words, the 16 in. 

asbestos board and the corrugated iron that is used on 

the construction of inside casing of Buck furnace, was removed. 

This iron used in latter furnace, it is interesting 

to note, is made up in a special machine which makes a 

sharp edge, making the point of the contact with mam 

easing the verv least that is possible to have. The asbestos 

board is placed between the flat casing sheet and the corrugated 

iron and is not pasted to the casing but is held in 

there loosely by means of the rivets going through between 

the two casings. 

After the poor inside casing had been put in place the 

firing tests of previous day were duplicated. The fire was 

built at exactly the same time with exactly the same amount 

of paper, kindling and coal. It was replenished at exactly 

the same time and exactly the same number of pounds of 

coal, or, in other words, the operation was duplicated so 

far as producing heat was concerned. 

All the 15-min. readings are not given but, the high points 

of the two tests will be given. The first is the test of furnace 

with good inside casing. 

With the furnace running at the highest possible speed 

the air velocity coming from the register was T95 ft. per 

minute. The hotter the furnace got the faster the air circulated, 

which was as it should be. The hottest temperature 

of the outside casing was 190 deg. The temperature of 

the air coming from the register was 410 deg. 

This test was a duplication of the firing method exactly 

and readings as in the first test were at same intervals. 

After 15 min and then at the end of the next 15 min. or 30 

min after the fire had been started it was found in both 

of these tests that tlie speed of the air was increasing. 

But at the end of 45 min., or at the time to take he third 

reading in the second test it was found that thc speed of 

the air had dropped down to the point 

Test of Fur- where it was between the readings taken 

. , p 

at the end of 15 and the end of 30 min. 

nace with foor F m m that tiftl(1 on the circulation 

Inside Casing dropped back until it became so low 

that when the furnace was running at a 

good rate of speed, it dropped down to only 160 ft. per 

minute. The outside casing raised to the extreme temperature 

of 375 deg. Not only did the air slow down and not 

only did the heat go out through the casings, but the circulation 

of the air was so slow and so poor it did not carry 

the heat away from the castings, and the furnace became 

so hot that it was feared that it would melt and run. The 

thermometer that was used at the register line only recorded 

up to 642 deg. and the circulation of the air was so 

slow through the furnace that it became so overheated it 

broke the thermometer because of the expansion of the 

mercury in the thermometer. 

A few minutes after the thermometer broke thc room 

became so hot that it melted off one of the heads of the 

sprinkling system and a flood of water came down which 

stopped the test and automatically turned in the fire alarm. 

It was very plain to see the difference between a 

good inside casing on a furnace and a poor one. 

About 3 years ago the furnace industry of the 

United States dropped to the lowest point on account 

of the poor installation of pipe furnaces. 

Along came the pipeless furnace which gave the 

us*er more heat for less money in the way of fuel, bet 

ter distribution of heat than was the case in many 

poorly installed pipe jobs. 

We do not say, by any means, that a pipe job can 

not be put in that is better than a pipeless job. But 

we do want to take things as they are and say frankly 

that the poor pipe jobs far outnumber the good ones. 

The public is only interested in results. They have 

come to a conclusion that pipe jobs are not satisfac 

tory and are demanding pipeless furnaces, so that the 

pipeless furnace industry has grown to large volume. 

We predict, if the manufacturer does not build a real 

inside lining and insists that this be used on each and 

every one of his pipeless furnaces, that we have 

reached the high point in the pipeless furnace busi 

ness and that it will begin to drop off and the business 

will depreciate the same as it did several years 

ago on account of poor installations of pipe jobs. 

Airplane Engine Silencer 

It has been announced from Geneva that a silencer 

for airplane engines, more highly developed than an 

automobile muffler, is announced by a Swiss airplane 

firm as the invention of its chief engineer.


American Expert Responds to Request 

of English Heating Contractor 


Inside Air Supply Avoids Dust and Dirt That Are 

Largely Due to Bad Work 

F'T is a pleasure to acknowledge one response from 

-*• American furnace engineers to the strictures made 

on furnace heating by an English house and fur 

ther suggestions will be gladly presented. The fol 

lowing is from John Lynch, representative of the 

Estate Stove Co. in the Southern territory: 

Messrs. F. A. NORRIS & Co., 

11-12 St. Andrews Hill, 

Queen Victoria Street, 

London. Eng. 

GENTLEMEN: , 

The editor of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER ANO 

STEAM FITTER invites replies to your recent communication 

presented in the issue of July 2 outlining 

past experiences with warm-air furnaces in England. 

Being located in a portion of the United States with 

climatic conditions similar to yours, the writer may 

perhaps bring out some of your possible troubles and 

remedies for them. 

The state of Mississippi, which is in my district, 

lies in the southern part of the United States and the 

lower Mississippi Valley. Parts of it are so moist 

that we have to install our furnaces above ground. 

All portions of it are quite humid. The state has 

very little snow and its average winter temperature 

is around freezing. There are no records of below 

zero weather. 

House heating in the past has largely been by open 

fires. As you probably know, the closed stove is almost 

universally used in the United States for heating 

where there are no furnaces, but this state follows 

your English fashion of using grates. We have 

made a great many warm-air installations in Mississippi, 

which give perfect satisfaction, many of them 

having replaced hot water and steam jobs. A preference 

is arising for air heat because it is more responsive 

to temperature changes, is more economical 

and is simpler to run. Price receives very little consideration. 

I believe it is an established fact that water and 

steam heating plants can only show economy with 

continuous operation. Warm air can be operated intermittently 

as economically as continuously. 

The complaints you make against the furnaces you 

installed were formerly made against similar systems 

in our district. But since we introduced the recirculation 

type of furnace, with an adequate humidifier, and 

have seen that our piping is tight, we have no complaints 

of dust and soot. 

The use of outside air is based on fallacious ideas 

Dust and dirt from the outside atmosphere is necessarily 

drawn into the house and deposited on the 

walls, draperies, furniture, etc. If inside air only is 

used, no dirt will be introduced, and if humidity conditions 

are kept right, less dust will be stirred up than 

by exposed water and steam radiators. 

Warm Air 

Leaks out thru 

Walks rops to RepJoc^ v\ I ' 

1 \C-p\a Air Drawn A, V ' 

into Furnace ) 

Cold'——-»T~»>* I50"F 

Air Pis placed ~\V70° F. t 

RECIRCULATING 

Outside 

rAir. Cf. 

With the Outside Air Supply at Zero Arranged as Shown 

in Upper Diagram an Additional 1% B. t. u. per 

Cubic Foot Is Required When Air Supply Is Arranged 

as in Lower Diagram. 

Decidedly less fuel is required for a recirculating 

system and a much better distribution of heat is obtained 

because of the natural circulation induced by 

the displacement of warmer and colder air currents. 

1 am presenting a drawing illustrating circulation in 

buildings heated with recirculating installation compared 

to one with outside air. You can plainly see 

that such a job has all the advantages in cleanliness


of a water job, with greater economy, more flexible 

operation and less likelihood of trouble. 

You make complaint that even though outside dirt 

is not carried in, dust may deposit in the air-ducts. 

It is our experience that less dust is deposited in airducts 

than around radiation required in same sized 

house. A register offers much less area for dust deposit 

than an 8-column, 38-in. radiator, and if the 

air is even approximately moist, is less likely to throw 

it out into the atmosphere. 

In Mississippi, owing to the low barometric pressure, 

our chimneys smoke oftener than they do in 

drier sections, and furnaces erected carelessly may 

throw smoke into the air. But inasmuch as smoking 

is due to shoddy workmanship and has no relationship 

with the method of heating, it can be dismissed by 

stating that any type of device burning any sort of 

fuel, and transmitting the heat in any way, will smoke 

if proper draft is not provided. 

From your reading of American publications you no 

doubt know of the wide popularity of the "Pipeless" 

furnace. Its success is largely due to its being a recirculating 

device. A pipeless furnace using outside 

air would be a failure. Obviously, then, any heating 

installation operated under the same basic physical 

laws is at a disadvantage unless supplied with an 

inside intake only. 

Without doubt you know the law regarding proper 

size cold-air intake and warm-air pipe. I give it here 

under the possibility you may not: 

The cold-air intake must equal or exceed the total areas 

of all heat pipes, and heat pipes must not exceed in total 

area the smallest free area within the furnace casing. 

The writer feels certain that if you install a good 

furnace with an adequate humidifier and use only inside 

air, you will find a reversal of opinion among 

your customers with regard to warm-air heat, as 

strong as we have achieved in this district. 

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER has 

had a number of discussions regarding to use of sidewall 

and baseboard registers, and their advantages 

over floor registers. It is difficult to make installations 

of wall or baseboard register in large halls, 

but in dwellings I prefer them where possible. I 

also prefer to take my cold air through a grill or 

register face set in the side wall, rather than in the 

floor, though theoretically, it is not so good. There 

is certainly an advantage from a standpoint of clean 

liness. — 

That warm-air heating is the ideal is readily shown 

by the increasing use of indirect systems where steam 

is used. If your trade likes the indirect steam system, 

they should readily take to the warm-air installation 

of the better sort. 

You will, no doubt, receive a number of replies 

from American furnacemen, who have nothing but 

praise for warm air, and I am sure will have many 

features presented to you that will clear away the 

causes of former complaints. 

I trust you may be able to develop your warm-air 

business to the popularity it deserves and reap the 

profit that comes to him who best serves bis fellow 

men - Yours sincerely 

JOHN LYNCH, 

Southern District, Estate Stove Co. 

Efficiency of Natural Gas Burners 

Robert F. Earhart, of the Ohio State University, 

read a paper before the recent meeting of the American 

Society of Mechanical Engineers in reference to 

which the Gas Record of Chicago presents the 

following: 

The paper describes a series of efficiency tests on natural 

gas made in the physics laboratory of Ohio State University. 

The operating conditions under which tne tests were 

made were similar to those which commonly obtain in domestic 

service. Eight pounds of water was heated in a 

granite-ware kettle, from the temperature of the tap to the 

boiling point. 

The tests show that under low pressure conditions an 

efficiency greater than 45 per cent, can be secured when the 

burner is close to the vessel and that an equal efficiency 

can be obtained with the flame up to a distance of two 

inches from the vessel, under high pressure conditions. 

It is further shown that with reasonable care in adjusting 

these distances the efficiency is independent of the rate of 

gas consumption and that under the varying pressure conditions 

which now exist it is advisable that the distance 

between burner and vessel should be between one and one 

and a half inches. This will render operation possible under 

low pressures with fair efficiency and will lie within 

the range of maximum efficiencies which may be secured at 

moderate pressures and without undue sacrifice of time. 

A final experiment shows that a slight increase in efficiency 

is obtained by using an aluminum instead of a 

granite-ware container. 

Lines by An Old Fogy 

I'm thankful that the sun and moon are both hung up 

so high 

That no presumptuous hand can stretch and pull 

them from the sky. 

If they were not, I have no doubt, but some reforming 

ass 

Would recommend to take them down and light 

the world with gas. 

One Reward for Our Good Work 

When experts pay tribute to the matter printed for 

the benefit of the trade in their field, it is evidence 

that it should be more widely read, and if read the 

troubles of some would disappear. It is a matter of 

gratification to have the value of the articles we 

print and the service we render appreciated by some 

even if the busy tradesman fails to learn where he 

could find good help. 

THE EXCELSIOR STEEL FURNACE CO. 

114-118 S. Clinton Street. Chicago, 111. 

June 15, 1920 


243 West Thirty-ninth Street, 

New York City. Attention Mr. Fred S. Sly 

Gentlemen:— 

We thank you for your enclosure, calling our attention 

to the article entitled "The Vital Question In The Furnace 

Industry," in your journal of May 21st. We greatly 

appreciate this article and feel confident that it will have 

an effect on the greater share of its readers. 

It is unfortunate that more people do not read these 

articles and I often think it would be wise to reprint them 

from time to time. 

I have frequently stated that the trade journals do not 

receive anywhere near enough recognition for the good 

work that they do. I believe, however, that theiT reward 

will continue to increase as the years fro by. 


THE EXCELSIOR STEEL FURNACE CO. 

(Signed) R. W. MENK, 

Furnace Department.


Qualifications for Leadership Quickened By Every Day 

Contact with Conditions Confronting Membership. 

The Trans- Mississippi Furnace President 

In response to a request for something of his experience in connection with the 

furnace industry, President F. L. Nesbit, of the Western Warm-Air Furnace and 

Supply Association, with headquarters in Omaha, has furnished what is given below. 

M Y early connection with the furnace business began 

with the installation of furnaces in a retail 

way in 1887 and I have made the heating business 

my main hobby since that time, with the exception 

of about 5 years. For 7 years I was a traveling 

salesman for one of the New York State manufacturers 

in this line of trade, my territory extending 

from the Great Lakes to the Pacific Coast. For 4 

years after that I had the title of sales manager, but 

refused to move East and looked after the general 

sales by making all the principal cities of the United 

States and working in connection with the other salesmen 

of the same house. 

On Jan. 1, 1911, I started in the furnace business 

for myself, having a line made for me and selling 

them principally in the territory west of Chicago. 

However, on June 1, 1911, I organized and helped to 

incorporate the Standard Furnace & Supply Co., 407- 

413 South Tenth Street, Omaha, Neb., and since carrying 

a full line of furnaces, together with registers, 

pipes, fittings and all supplies necessary for the installation 

of a warm-air furnace. 

We started in a building about 22 ft. wide, three 

stories high, and about 75 ft. deep. Our business grew 

very rapidly and within a year and a half we were 

forced to move twice, as the business expanded we 

were forced to increase our capital. 

At the present time our building comprises more 

than 40,000 sq. ft. of floor space and we believe we 

carry the largest and most complete stock of warmair 

furnaces, registers, pipe and fittings and supplies 

carried by any one house in the United States. We 

cover Northwestern Missouri, Western Iowa, North 

and South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming, 

Montana, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, Washington, Oregon 

and California. 

While we manufacture and sell some light furnaces. 

our principal business is on the better grades. We 

aim to educate our customers to properly install the 

heaters that we sell. We have an estimating department, 

which lays out, makes heating plans, detail 

drawings, figures on complete list of everything contained 

in a furnace heating plant, furnished to our 

customers, gratis. 

When we get a new customer, if we find he does not 

fully understand the warm-air heating game, our 

first work and duty to him is to try to help him do 

his work well, using the proper size heater-pipe and 

registers, and also in getting them placed in the proper 

locations. 

If we have an order for a heating plant and are not 

satisfied that it is going to be installed in such manner 

as to give the customer satisfaction, we take it up 

with the dealer and get him to change his plans and 

install it so that it will give satisfaction. In some 

cases where we have not been able to do this, we 

have refused to accept the order. By insisting that 

our customers install a furnace which covers their 

work they have not only increased our business, but 

have increased their own and have also elevated the 

President F. L. Nesbit 

warm-air lieating in tliis territory to a very much 

higher standard than it once had. We quite often get 

a letter from a customer asking where he can dispose 

of an old outfit so that a new furnace heating plant 

of the right character should be installed. 

The active duties which now engage me are those 

of president and general manager of the Standard 

Furnace & Supply Co., and as president of the Western 

Warm-Air Furnace and Supply Association, the 

main object of which is upbuilding the warm-air heating 

industry. Our association hopes that before a year 

from this time we will have on the statute book's of 

several of the Middle Western States at least laws 

governing the installation of warm-air furnaces that 

will not only protect the home owners and consumers, 

but will greatly help and increase the warm-air and 

heating industry. 

We are endeavoring to get co-opei ation from other 

organizations interested in warm-air heating business 

and to work with us in this matter. With" their cooperation, 

we believe that a great deal can be accomplished.

July 23, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

Would You Spend That Much Time to Prevent 

A Big Loss in Your Estimated Profits? 

Ten Minutes a Day-$4,000 a Year 

T E N minutes a day to save $4000 a year! That 

seems a fairly good return for that much time, 

does it not? Perhaps the amount will not apply 

to your business, but would you not be willing to spend 

that much time if you could keep a big part of the 

profit you figured to make in a year from slipping 

through your fingers ? 

Perhaps you are one of the many who list all the 

expenses they can think of, figure that the amount 

is, say, 18 per cent, of the business figured on, and 

call this their overhead. Then they add the percentage 

of profit desired, and believe that at the end 

of the year they will have this much profit. But when 

the year is over, bills are paid and all accounts settled, 

the profit does not amount to what was expected. 

What is wrong? they ask. 

This condition was met in the office of Richards & 

Jessup Co., of Stamford, Conn. The firm had included 

in its overhead expense all the items which 

were apparent. These included salaries, rent, cost 

of maintaining automobiles, stationery and postage, 

heat and light, telephone, interest on money invented, 

insurance, donations, advertising, cost of new tools, 

depreciation of old tools, depreciation of automobiles' 

non-chargeable purchases, bad debts, car fares nonchargeable, 

defective labor and material, replacements, 

non-chargeable expressage, etc., and unproductive 

labor. The total cost was taken as the firm's 

overhead, and the amount of profit desired was added. 

But the profit did not materialize. 

Then H. C. Richards, the office manager of the 

business, got busy. The next year he kept a careful 

record of the amount of gross profit figured on each 

contract, each piece of jobbing work and each sale. 

Tliis was added up each day, and at 

Method the close of the last day's business he 

Employed had immediately the exact total of 

hy One Firm gross profits figured on. Ten minutes 

a day, he said, covered the time spent 

in making these entries. After tlie inventory was 

taken and the amount of net profit determined, it was 

found that the difference between the net profit actually 

divided was several per cent, of the year's business. 

This, of course, was due to leakage that had 

not been found. This leakage exists in every shop. 

Next year this percentage was added to the estimated 

percentage of overhead, and at the end of the year's 

work, the net profits were approximately as figured. 

Now the percentage of leakage is carefully figured 

each year, so that the most nearly exact amount can 

be used to determine the total overhead. 

The volume of business done by this firm at tlie 

present time runs between $100,000 and $150,000 a 

year. For the year 1919, on a volume of $117,501.52. 

the overhead based on the items listed amounted to 

10.5 per cent. But the leakage on this volume was 

3.4 per cent. This means almost $4-000, which would 

have been lost under the old system. 

Alr. Richards described his method for readers of 

AIETAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM FITTER in the 

following way: 

The topic of overhead is one that has been so thoroughly 

and so many times discussed that it is rather a drug on 

the market and many of the trade are 

New 

tired of listening to any one talk about it. 

TJ. • 7,7 • But our firm has worked for several years 

nil . e in (in a s c) l e m e whcrcby we feel that we can 

Overhead determine quite accurately the amount of 

the leaks in our business. 

Wc all figure lots of work and think we put a good profit 

on it. hut at the end of the year, when we come to figure 

out how much we made, we find that it falls far short of 

what we though it would. Tliis is due to the fact that there 

are numerous leaks in every plumbing business, some of 

whicli we can stop and some of which we cannot. Many of 

these it is impossible to trace, while others, such as the 

cost of labor and material running higher than we estimated, 

it is easier to find. 

The system used by this lino in determining its leakage 

is ns follows: We have a Day Book in which all jobs for 

which we receive orders and all items of jobbing and store 

sales are entered. Opposite the entry is the amount of the 

contract or the charge we make to the persons for the articles 

wliich they have purchased or the jobbing whicli we 

have dune for them. At the bottom of each page we foot 

up the column and we carry the figure forward from page 

to page until at the end of the year we can tell just how 

much business in dollars and cents we booked. We go a 

little further than this, and try to determine just how much 

business we actually did in this certain year, which is accomplished 

by adding the amount whieh is carried from 

the previous year and deducting the amount carried over 

into the next year. 

All this i.s done probably by the majority of plumbers in 

the business, but the thing which we wish to emphasize is 

the following: If we made a charge of $2 on selling an 

article to a person in the store we figure that we made, say, 

7.5c. on the sale, and this amount is entered in the Day 

Book in a column opposite where Hie amount of the charge 

is made. If we did some jobbing to the amount of $7.88, 

we would say that possibly we figured to make $2.90 off 

the job. This last item would be entered in the column under 

the 7,5 cents. If we had a contract for $1,000, we 

probably would have figured to make $2.50, and this would 

be entered as above. The way they would look on the 

book is as follows: 

Figured to make- Charge to customer 

Footing $253.65 $0.75 $1,009.88 $2.00 

.'.no 7.ss 

Aflcr making the final computation of tlie amounts which 

250.00 1,000.00 

we figured to make, we determine the actual cost of the 

contracts, and then we can make an entry of the actual 

amount of prolit that was made. We have kept account 

of what we figured to to make, and at the end of the year 

we know, after taking inventory, just what we did make. 

It is assumed tliat the reader tries to determine each 

vear his overhead expense. Xow for a concrete illustration 

of the point I wish to make. We will assume that (1) 

a firm figures to make $100 in a year (2 ) that after taking 

inventory it finds that it only has $70 to divide; (3) that

114 METAL WOKKEK, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 23, 1920 

its overhead expense was $25. Adding these last items together 

makes $95, whereas it should make $100. In other 

words, there is a leakage of $5 or 5 per cent, of the $100. 

A plumber should always allow an additional percentage 

in his list of overhead for leaks and then he would come 

out better at the end of the year. 

Trade Conditions in Argentina and Bolivia 

Demand for American Sanitary Goods Increasing 

United States Sheet Metal and Heating Apparatus Popular 

M U C H valuable information for those desiring to separately has prevented them making inroads on 

develop or increase trade in slieet metal, plumb England's trade in tliese goods, since the Englishman 

ing and heating goods in South America is con sends 20 per cent, above the order to compensate the 

tained in a Government report up to 1919 entitled purchaser for breakage. 

"Construction Materials and Machinery in Argentina 

and Bolivia,'' which can be secured from Government 

Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 

A survey of the Argentina market at present shows 

that plain and corrugated galvanized sheets and plain 

black sheets are extensively used for the building of 

The following is a brief summary of the trade situ- warehouses and factories, for roofs of railroad cars 

tion as presented in this bulletin, and now that normal and for tlie manufacture of cheap sheet stoves for 

commercial conditions are returning and competition use in the interior. Thus the conditions are excellent 

is being resumed with the European countries, every for developing a large sheet metal trade and even in 

effort should be made by this country to not only retroducing the increasingly popular American metal 

tain the advantages gained during the World War but shingle. 

to develop closer trade relations between the conti Clay roofing tiles were used to a greater extent benents 

of the western hemisphere. 

fore the war than now and English roofing slate is 

Fifty yars ago Buenos Aires became interested in 

plumbing sanitation and although the drinking water 

supply and drainage system began construction then, 

have often had their plans modified to meet the needs 

of a rapidly increasing population and to follow modern 

successful practice, the interrupted work is now 

being completed under the Directorate of the Sanitary 

Work of the Nation. This department enforces fixed 

regulations governing the installation of house sewers 

and sanitary fixtures in all classes of buildings 

preferred over others. Roofing felt is popular and in 

the past year has taken the place of galvanized steel 

because of the extremely high cost and scarcity of the 

latter. 

Local factories are now making doors 40 per cent. 

cheaper than those from the United States but are not 

of as good workmanship while the Kalamein doors 

and trim furnished by American manufacturers are 

giving good satisfaction. The architraves, frieze and 

cornice of building fronts are worked up usually with 

throughout the nation, and in Buenos Aires alone there masonry material instead of sheet metal although cer 

is a market for practically 8,000 foreign bathtubs and tain mansards and cupolas with copper trimmings 

fixtures. With the exception of the trade in enameled may be seen. There is at present no market for sheet 

iron bathtubs' which the United States has acquired in metal moldings, as they are considered of such a na 

recent years, the United Kingdom continues to hold ture as not ready transported. 

the trade in the cheap grade of cast iron, enameled In Bolivia sanitation is in its infancy but by de 

ware and eathenware articles, lavatories and watergrees imported American sanitary goods are being incloset 

bowls. But if the Ameriean manufacturers stalled along hygienic lines and the United States has 

would study the subject, these fixtures could be made practically the entire trade. The slow development in 


the use of sanitary goods is due principally to the lack 

of up-to-date sewerage systems, but with the installa 

The L'nited States has the trade for nickeled brass 

bathroom goods and since lead pipe has been manufaction 

of the numerous sanitation and water supply 

tured in Argentina for years, its importation is out of 

projects so much required, there will be an increased 

the question. While vitrified sewer pipe is made in 

eall for the several lines of necessary material. There 

Argentina, much is imported and the United States' 

are no real plumbers in the country. The plumbing, 

share in this line should be greatly increased. 

such as it is, is done by tliose who have no professional 

knowledge of the trade. 

Low pressure steam heat is the most popular heat 

Corrugated sheets are by far the most popular roofing 

system, although hot water is used somewhat in 

ing, about half of the buildings of many of the towns 

dwellings and indirect systems to a limited extent in 

being covered with it, while the rest are usually cov 

theatres. Boilers, piping and valves are imported diered 

with locally made Spanish "V" type clay tiles. 

rect from England, France, Switzer- 

This indicates that there is opportunity for the intro 

Heating land, Germany, and the United States 

duction of the American metal shingles and tiles. 

Trade and the local contractors purchase the 

Most of the steel products imported are used for 

Opportunity pipe and fittings for this class of work 

railway construction, but galvanized steel sheets make 

from general importers of steel pipe 

an indispensable material for roofing and sidings on 

and fittings who stock the necessary materials. The 

account of the limited amount of wood necessary for 

practice of American manufacturers to box radiators 

its support, especially when used on roofs.


Why Do You Advertise When You Are 

Behind In Deliveries? 

THIS seems to be a very natural question, and the 

answer involves the discussion of a vital policy of 

this business—a policy that is fundamental. This 

discussion of the subject appeared in Graphite, issued 

by the Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J. 

If we were building a business for to-day our policy 

would vary from day to day with the temporary 

changes with which every business has to contend. 

But we are building for the time to come and we 

hope that this business will become many times greater 

than it is to-day. Without the proper foundation it 

would undergo violent changes dependent upon temporary 

national, local or even imaginary conditions. 

If we should permit ourselves to become inflated 

with self-confidence when business conditions are favorable, 

restricting our selling and advertising activities, 

and go down in the dumps when conditions are 

not so favorable, this business would not amount to 

any more than existing conditions would make of it. 

We say right now, without reservation, that we 

hope, regardless of how aggressive and efficient our 

manufacturing department may be, that it will never 

be able to catch up with our selling organization. 

If our efforts should be halted in the middle of the 

road in times of liberal buying to wait on the manufacturing 

department, there might come a time when 

the manufacturing department would have to suspend 

operations while waiting on the sales organization. 

With such a policy we would be running around in a 

circle, disorganizing one day and next re-organizing. 

The greater the demand for our product, the quicker 

the turnover for merchants, and the more frequent 

turnovers the larger is the volume of profit. 

In this business, advertising is a sales policy, the 

same as our policy maintaining a sales organization, 

and we might as well consider the elimination of one 

as the other. Neither will be eliminated, as this business 

needs both if we are building for the future. 

We hope the idea will never creep into this organization 

that there will be any let-up in aggressive 

methods, which might suggest that when business is 

good there is not occasion for work and when business 

is poor it is too hard to get. 

We constantly have in mind that the American people 

are much more concerned in their own affairs than 

in ours, and if we should restrict our selling and advertising 

activities they will begin to forget us and 

this would be our fault. 

We are going ahead with the idea of increasing the 

present momentum in favor of our goods, and if conditions 

should turn face about our dealers and ourselves 

will be in a better position to hurdle obstacles 

than if we originated a policy for each condition. 

Inadequacy of Immigrant Labor Supply 

The agricultural and industrial demands for unskilled 

labor, which are so evident throughout the 

country, have in no way been satisfied by the slight 

increase in immigration to the United States during 

the past few months—despite the fact that the total 

number of persons admitted is now, for the first time 

since we entered the Great War, greater than the total 

number departed. 

More than half of the total number admitted were 

women and children coming to join members of their 

families' while practically all of those who departed 

were adult male wage earners. 

During the first 5 months of 1920, the preliminary 

figures for the Port of New York, which usually handles 

about 80 per cent, of the total immigration and 

emigration for the country, show a net increase of 

38,288, as follows: 

Month Admitted Departed Increase Decrease 

January 25,051 24,529 522 

February 22,086 24,375 2,293 

March _ _ 29,908 18,714 10,384 

April _ 36,958 26,169 10,789 

May 40,048 21,162 18,886 

153,241 114,953 40,581 2,293 

Ask For Business Frequently to Get It 

Are you telling the people in your vicinity what 

you can do to increase their comfort, the service of 

their property and equipment and asking for their 

trade? 

Here is a house that has been established 68 years 

and of course it is well known. It is going out after 

business by personal calls and also by letters and post 

cards just as though it had just started in business. 

There is great need of just such enterprise for the 

success of those conducting shops and the makers of 

the products it uses. The most successful and prosperous 

it uses. The most successful and prosperous 

men are using similar methods. The question is have 

you formed the habit? As an aid the following letter 

is reproduced. 


243 West 39th Street, 

Xew York City. 

Gentlemen: 

Heating:—Have you ever considered the returns and 

profits on an investment in a Modern fuel-saving furnace? 

It will yield dividends payable every day in the year in 

life's happiness, comfort and health. We are heating experts 

and can properly install the heat you want, whether 

it be Hot Water, Steam, Hot Air or Pipeless Furnaces. 

Plumbing: The beautiful bathroom of today is the mirror 

of refinement and the center of home comfort. Why not 

make Your bathroom one that you'll be proud of by installing 

the latest plumbing fixtures? 

Roofing & Sheet Metal Work.—Those of us who are 

fortunate enough to keep a roof over our heads in these 

unsettled times, must see that it is kept in good repair 

How about Your roof, gutters and leaders? 

Repair Work: For 68 years this shop has made a 

specialty of giving its customers unexcelled service in 

repair work. The next time you need a plumber, furnace 

man, sheet metal worker or roofer, send for us. 


S, E. DIBBLE "& SON, INC. 

(Signed) ALBERT B. DIBBLE, 

President. 

BULLETIN No. 42 of the Trade and Industrial June 3j, Series 1920. 

No. 12, issued by the Federal Board of Vocational 

Education, Washington, D. C, is devoted to safety 

lamps, including plain safety lamps and improved 

electric lamps, from which those who make lanterns 

can procure much useful information.

116 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

The Path That Leads to 

Money in the Bank 

The Subject of the First Article 

for Several Months 

T H E R E is a strong feeling in the fields in which our people are 

engaged that the art of making sales has been neglected, while 

the art of doing work of all kinds has been perfected. Success 

in any commercial enterprise—plumbing, heating or sheet metal work 

—will be in proportion to the ability to go out after business that is 

waiting, and getting it. 

Whether or not new Iiuilding becomes active, there are years of 

prosperity in our field in bringing existing properties up-to-date in 

tlieir equipment. 

All that is needed is for all connected with these industries to realize 

this fact and adopt the methods that insure their participation in 

prosperity. 

To aid in starting thc movement, our first articles, beginning Friday, 

August 13, and running for some time, will be more pointedly 

inspiring to sales activity. Instead of presenting such articles without 

heralding them and the reason for them, as has been past custom. 

they are announced so that all connected with our industries Mill have' 

opportunity to know about them and take the necessary action to insure 

deriving the benefit they will give. 

There need be little Tear they will awaken too many men but 

rather that too many men will not learn of them. The purpose i.s 

worthy of your endorsement and mention to all the field with whom 

you come into contact. 

Our part will be done as effectively as it has been done in the past 

and we solicit your efforts in making them widely known and useful. 

1


This is the .lace to submit your per- 


plexine problems---the Place to 




SERVKITISlSRATIS 

FROM J. B., PENNSYLVANIA.—It is a pleasure to 

pass on to "A. B.' whose inquiry appeared in the 

issue of July 9, a method of connecting a range 

boiler with both the range and the furnace that 

I saw recommended in METAL 

Connecting WORKER' PLUMBER AND STEAM FIT- 

Boiler to TER 20 years ago, I have tried it 

Heat Bathroom out and know that it will work. I 

sumbit a sketch which shows that 

all the water will circulate through both the waterback 

in the range and the water heating coil in the 

furnace He can start at the coil in the furnace 

AAAAAAAAAAAAAA7ZÂW/A///A/A//////A 

Connecting Boiler to Heat Bathroom 

with his hot water pipe and run straight up to the 

boiler, placing a tee at a point where it will receive 

the hot water from the waterback and connecting 

the pipe at the side of the boiler in the usual 

way. Then he can drop the return water from the 

boiler down to the coil in the furnace, connecting 

at the bottom of the coil and at the point where 

tliere should be a return to the waterback, he can 

insert a tee and connect witli the waterback. In 

the winter time when their is plenty of heat in the 

furnace to heat all the water required, there will 

be no objection to running the water through the 

waterback if desirable, as the cooling effect will 

not be of enough account to cause any trouble. In 

the summer season, when the furnace is not in use, 

it will circulate through the waterback without much 

disturbance to the coil in the furnace. There is 

one other thing, however, that the man who i.s building 

the house should have pointed out to him' and 

that is, a kitchen range boiler full of hot water in 

the bathroom in the summer season is not the most 

desirable thing from tbe point of view of comfort that 

could be installed there. That is the time when a 

cake of ice or a refrigerator would be more acceptable 

than a reservoir of hot water. 

FROM J. C. M., CHICAGO.—In looking over the 

issue of June 11, I came across an article asking 

for information regarding copper-lined gutters. If 

"j. H. P." will be good enough to 

Proper Length 

of Sheet for 

Copper-Lined 

Gutters 

giye information on the following 

points, I shall endeavor to give him 

some help: The shape of the gutter; 

its length ; where the downspouts are 

located; whether it is a wooden gut 

ter li„ed—concrete or some other material; how the 

outer edge is fastened and how the inner edge is 

fastened; whether there are any nails in the cross 

seams, and if the outer edge is nailed and how far 

apart The same information in reference to the inner 

edo-e of the gutter is desirable. What character 

of roofing does the upper edge of the gutter extend 

under or connect to? 

The length of the sheets makes no difference in 

the expansion and contraction. It all depends on 

how the gutter is put in. whether or not it will stand. 

If this information is given. I shall try to give from 

mv experience something that will be of value in the 

future It would be a good idea to make a sketch 

showing the shape of the gutter and measurements, 

and describe condition', fully.



A Dissipation of Heating Mysteries 

SUCCESS is often hampered by a want of confi 

dence due to a lack of knowledge of the practice 

and principles in some line of work. Apparently 

there has been a large number of men who had the 

equipment to install steam and hot water heating 

plants but hesitated to take up the work. The reason 

for this was because they were mystified by the 

phrases, rules and calculations used and discussed 

wliich left an impression that it would be difficult to 

absorb and comprehend all that seemed necessary. 

That this is all wrong is demonstrated in their 

fellow tradesmen of no greater talent who are regu 

larly engaged in the line. This should encourage 

those not engaged in this class of heating to read the 

serial, that begins in another page, prepared by a 

competent engineer familiar with all phases of the 

work and with the intention of making it especially 

suited to their needs. 

It takes up the essential matters in detail and ex 

plains what is necessary, and how to make the nec 

essary calculations. Illustrations are freely used to 

make the ideas more clear and to show just how to 

accomplish a desired result or to avoid waste and 

complaint. The man who reads, whatever his exper 

ience, will feel that he has refreshed his resources and 

will be better able to meet the demands made upon 

him. 

Fire Prevention Day 

Under the circumstances, in the circulars and ad 

vertising matter used in the trade the fact should be 

set in red letters that throughout the country the 

house owner should look over the condition of his 

property before starting up the fire for the winter so 

as to remove any possibility of danger from fire. This 

is a good step to take as there is always the possi 

bility of its bringing in business. 

Will They Pay? 

THIS is a question that cannot be neglected by 

the man who is looking for orders for tin roofing, 

heating or plumbing. These are times in wliich 

the failure of a customer to pay his bill has a most 

distressing effect upon the enterprise. And in view 

of the fact that many who have never had their credit 

or paying capacity tested will be seeking the services 

of the trade for various equipment, there must be a 

most sound conservatism used before their orders 

are accepted. Here is where a considerable tact must 

be used to avoid driving trade away and as much 

sound judgment must be used to avoid accepting or 

ders on which the time of payment is so long de 

ferred as to bring about a loss, even if the whole is 

paid eventually. 

It is well to insert in the contract a clause provid 

ing that interest must be paid after a certain time. 

AS a result of the activities of the National Fire It is far better, however, to arrange for a date of set 

Protection Association, Oct. 9 will be made 

tlement at the time the order is placed. Payment is 

"Fire Prevention Day" throughout the United 

States. There is no question but what much work 

that is done by tlie heating contractor could be arranged 

to insure greater protection against the possibility 

of fire. 

made very much more certain if the bills are rendered 

immediately on the completion of the work. 

Too many in the trade are lax and negligent in this 

respect and do not get their bills out until a month 

after the work is completed. Then if the customer 

It is equally true that many exactions of the in takes a month to think the thing over and file comsurance 

companies are a burden that are wholly unplaints, 

it may be another month before any payment 

necessary for absolute safety against fire. However, is secured. 

property should not be exposed to fire danger, nor 

Such things a.s this must be avoided under the 

should people be inconvenienced by the destruction 

of homes and factories where a sliglit precaution 

would have prevented the trouble. 

present conditions and they will be avoided by those 

more succsseful business men or those who have for 

years conducted business on a sound basis. Their 

If some attention is devoted to Fire Prevention Day example is well worth studying and following. The 

by those engaged in the heating business, they may 

question will they pay must be asked by every busi 

find many eases where their services will be required 

ness man and, if he cannot be perfectly satisfied 

to put property in proper order to be absolutely safe 

that the answer is yes, it is far better to let the 

against any such possibility as destruction. 

other fellow do the work.


Suits Against Railroads 

for Freight Delays Due to Congestion 

H E R E is an echo of a condition which was quite 

frequent during the war, and which has borne 

fruit in the form of many lawsuits against railroad 

companies, a large number of which are just 

coming on to be tried: 


Troy, N. Y. 

I have a suit pending against the Railroad 

Company for damages for the loss of a shipment during the 

latter days of the war. The shipment was highly perishable, 

and was consigned from here to Chicago, 111. The company 

accepted the shipment and issued its usual hill of lading. 

About a week after that the consignee wired asking about 

the goods, which should have been delivered. I set on foot 

an investigation, and the railroad company seemed to know 

nothing about it. They had a record of the shipment leaving 

on a certain date, but had nothing after that. I had 

to do much persuading to get them to put a tracer out, but 

finally they did, and after a long delay the goods were found 

about fifty miles this side of Chicago, in a yard with several 

hundred other freight cars, and being perishable, were 

a total loss. I made demand on the railroad company to 

pay my damages, but got no satisfaction, and finally, after 

another long delay. I had my counsel start suit. They 

filed a defense that the loss was caused by congestion in 

freight brought on by the war, for which they were not 

responsible, and therefore I had" no right to damages. The 

case comes up for trial next month, and I would like to 

have your best opinion as to whether I have a led to stand 

on. Was it not the place of the company to tell me that the 

goods would be subject to delay? They said nothing whatever, 

just accepted the shipment as usual. Omit name if 

published. X Y Z 

As I intimated in the beginning, thousands of cases 

growing out of delays in freight shipments during the 

war have been brought against railroads in the last 

few months. In some of these cases the claimant has 

not any case at all, in others he has a very good case, 

and the railroads should not have compelled him to 

sue. Were the roads under private management, literally 

thousands of cases would have been settled 

which now have to be litigated. 

What I mean by saying that in some cases the 

claimant in these cases has no case is this: For the 

congestion caused by the war, a railroad is not responsible. 

Its plans were interfered with, and upset 

and defeated a hundred times a day by the complications 

caused by preferred Government shipments and 

a thousand and one other things. Therefore where 

loss has occurred solely by reason of that congestion, 

without any negligence on the railroad's part, the 

courts have uniformly held that the claimant could 

not recover anything. It w'as a loss caused by extraordinary 

conditions over which nobody had any control, 

and the victim must pocket his own loss, just as if it 

had been an ordinary accident for which nobody was 

to blame. 

•Copyright by Elton J. Buckley 

But in a few of these cases the courts have held that 

the railroads were negligent in not informing the shipper, 

before accepting the goods for shipment, that congestion 

existed along the line of the route, and that 

the sliipment might be subject to delays. The courts 

have particularly taken this position in cases where 

delays meant something special to the shipment, as 

where the goods were perishable or subject to deterioration. 

One of these cases was very recently decided. The 

court said that while the railroad was not responsible 

for freight congestion caused by the war, a duty 

rested upon it to inform the shipper of that congestion 

and to warn him against delays, particularly because 

the existence of the congestion, and the probable 

ensuing delay, was especially within the knowl 

edge of the railroad, whereas the shipper might not 

have known anything definite about it at all. This 

was the case of Meany and Saisselin vs. Erie R. R. 

Co., 173 N. Y., Supp. 96, in which the plaintiff got 

his damages. 

An astonishingly large percentage of these cases 

are thrown out of court when they come to trial beeause 

they were not begun within the time provided by 

the bills of lading. I find that this was because of a 

belief that you could not sue the Government, a delusion 

that has lost and will lose thousands of dollars 

to the firms holding it. The law covering the taking 

over of the railroads made it very clear that the railroads 

were just as liable in the hands of the Government 

for the results of their own negligence, as 

they were in the hands of their private owners. That 

being true, it followed that the provisions of the bill 

of lading, providing a time limit for making claims 

and bringing suit, were just as binding as they were 

before. 

Bins and Might-Have-Bins 

*By Forrest Crissey 

LIKE having twins, buying coal at the eleventh 

hour, the fag end of the fall season, is a bad 

habit to get into. 

It has become a fashion, a country-wide custom, a 

National Habit. It imposes an arbitrary and unnatural 

handicap upon a basis industry which is vital to 

the existence, comfort and happiness of millions of 

people. 

Besides, it's mighty poor business for the consumer. 

He has everything to gain and nothing to 

lose by putting in his coal for winter when the mer- 

*Copyrig_t, 192«, by The Retail Coalman. Inc.


cury is trying to break out at the top of the tube and 

the very thought of winter is a consolation. 

Did you ever see the Wheat Pit of the Chicago 

Board of Trade when every trader was trying to buy 

wheat at the same instant? That's a dramatic picture 

of what happens to prices in almost any instance 

where buying is highly concentrated. Invariably the 

result is the raising of prices. 

Stampedes are never safe or economical. They always 

spell danger and waste. 

A stampede of coal buying is no exception to the 

rule. It penalizes the consumer by a higher price 

and it lays him liable to being left without coal with 

which to warm his house. 

Possibly this larger proposition would not have 

sounded very plausible two years ago, but since the 

justly famous winter of 1919-20 it sounds almost like 

a platitude. 

More men will fill their coal bins this year than 

ever thought of doing so before. But if every man 

who is able to pay for his winter's coal in Dog Days 

were to call on his dealer for the earliest possible delivery 

there would be no fall stampede—for the number 

of those who must have the savings of all the 

summer and the early fall with which to finance their 

winter fuel is legion. 

Did it ever occur to you, Mr. Consumer, that putting 

in your coal at the last ragged minute is a rather 

shameful bit of shiftlessness? 

I once spent a few days in the cabin of a mountaineer. 

He and his sons very evidently held to the 

doctrine that it was showing a shocking lack of faith 

in Providence to provide a log for a fireplace before 

it was needed. They wouldn't go to the woods to fell 

a tree until the last log at the cabin was frying on 

the fire. 

If that mountaineer lived in a Mid-Western village 

his FUEL habits would not have to be altered to 

conform to the prevailing fashion. He'd put in his 

coal when his neighbors put in theirs in the fall when 

the teeth of the children began to chatter from the 

cold. 

There is one simple little scrap of business economics 

that the great buying public is prone to overlook—perhaps 

because it is so simple. 

It pays the Consumer to consider the convenience 

of the producer and the dealer, to say nothing of the 

railroads. 

W r hen your demands upon the dealer in any kind 

of goods are made at a time or in a way to put him 

at decided disadvantage in meeting them he's going 

to make you pay for that disadvantage, every time. 

And he has a right to—for you have put him to extra 

expense. 

On the other hand, when you make a point of 

shifting your demands so that he can handle your 

business at a distinct advantage he gives you a concession 

for that consideration. 

He does it beeause it's the law of Trade. 

United for Trade Purposes 

"Promote industry; prevent chaos" is a fundamental 

theory with the Federal of British Industries 

whicli, according to information furnished to the 

Bankers Trust Co., New York, by its London service, 

now has a total membership, direct and indirect, of 

18,000 manufacturing concerns in tlie United Kingdom. 

Their combined capital is estimated at $20,- 

000,000,000. 

The Federation, which was formed in 1916, disclaims 

any aim toward becoming a "capitalist octupus." 

A recent restatement of the purposes of the 

organization emphasizes "evolutionary progress and 

betterment of industry" as the chief objectives. It 

regards work and trade expansion as the antidotes 

for social unrest. The Federation assumes to speak 

with the general voice of British industry on all questions 

affecting the interests of its membership. 

F. B. I., as the Federation is popularly styled, has 

16 district offices in the United Kingdom and 14 commissioners 

and representatives in foreign countries 

to promote the demand for British goods in the overseas 

markets. These are the markets of the Near 

East, Spain, Portugal and Algiers, East Indies, South 

America- Scandinavia, South Africa, Italy, Holland 

and Australia. 

The head office in London is divided into sections 

which deal with various markets of the world. A 

system has been evolved whereby com- 

A Method mercial visitors to England are given 

Americans every assistance in making contact with 

Can Adopt the manufacturers of the particular products 

desired. 

Prospective foreign bu3 r ers are interviewed concerning 

their contemplated purchases by the F. B. I. 

officials at headquarters dealing with the countries 

from which the buyers come. The Federation has 

divided the industries of the country into 19 main 

groups, and about 100 sub-groups and sub-sections 

covering the various manufacturing lines. 

A foreign buyer's requirements are promptly circulated 

to all manufacturers of the specified goods, 

and the buyer's name is then furnished to those manufacturers 

who indicate that they are able to fill orders. 

This saves the buyer's time and gives him a 

contact with the entire range of available goods. 

In case of inquiry for a particular firm's goods, 

the buyer is given a letter of introduction wliich enables 

him to negotiate directly with the appropriate 

official of the company. 

In the overseas market the F. B. I. commissioners 

and correspondents are on the lookout for openings 

for British trade whieh are promptly 

Combing placed before the British manufacturers. 

the World The Federation reports that many milfor 

Trade lions of pounds' worth of trade openings 

have thereby been brought to the attention 

of its members, although the overseas organization 

is comparatively a new department. 

The Federation is producing a new "Export Register" 

in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese 

for the guidance of foreign buyers. It lists British 

manufactures and classifies tlieir products in a form 

that makes it possible for.buyers to locate easily the 

desired articles and their makers. 

An advertising section with illustrations in color of 

many British wares is included. The history and 

policy of the Federation, its home and foreign 

branches and directions how to make use of its facilities 

are also covered.


Battle Creek Entertains 

Michigan Slieet Metal Men 

Royal Good Time Enjoyed by All of the 250 Guests 

at 2 - Day Outing on July 16 and 17 

SOMETHING for everybody to do all of the time 

was the way the Battle Creek local entertained 

the 250 Michigan sheet metal contractors, their 

ladies and guests who came for the 2-day outing, July 

16-17. Every little detail was taken care of by members 

of the committee who met every train, had a 

garage for those who came in cars, had cigars for the 

men and candy for the ladies as they registered and 

a program to fill every hour while in Battle Creek. 

The spirit of good fellowship was everywhere in 

evidence and this largest outing will long be remembered. 

At 1.30 fifty automobiles took everybody from Post 

Tavern through the business and residential sections, 

around the world-famed Battle Creek Sanatarium and 

out for an inspection of Camp Custer, where the 85th 

Division trained. Then everyone saw how Kellog's 

Toasted Corn Flakes, Krumbles and Drinkit wer« 

made without a hand touching the corn and wheat 

during the process. When the party reached the 

auditorium, refreshments were waiting wliich were 

promptly put where they would do the most good. 

J. F. Kellogg explained some of the interesting details 

of food product manufacture and then introduced 

some musical talent, who gave song and dance numbers, 

which were heartly applauded. 

A rising vote of thanks was given to Mr. Kellogg 

and as everyone left an attractive souvenir package 

of the several Kellogg products was presented to 

them. 

Over 200 sat down to an excellent banquet served 

in the Post Tavern at 7 p. m., during which the 

Venetian and Yeoman Trios entertained. After some 

humorous remarks by Toastmaster H. E. Doherty, 

Detroit, he introduced John E. Wagner, who gave all 

a hearty welcome and expressed Mayor Ryan's regrets 

that he could not be present. 

Henry Jacobs, a well-known attorney, paid a tribute 

to F. M. Brockett and spoke on the meaning and 

benefits of organization. 

Honorable C. L. Glascow, candidate for governor, 

told of some of his early experiences as a sheet metal 

worker and then spoke of every citizen's duty to his 

state and country. 

Some elected to play cards, but most were brought 

to the "Bridge' where jazzy tunes kept the floor 

crowded until 12.30. 

Bright and early Saturday morning the scene of 

festivities was transferred to Gougac Lake, where a 

ball game between the employees of Kalamazoo and 

Battle Creek shops opened the program. Battle 

Creek trounced the visitors 13 to 6. 

The various park amusements were enjoyed until 

noon, when mess call was sounded and all were given 

a box luncheon and plenty of lemonade. 

A vaudeville show was given at 1.30 and then the 

various athletic events were staged, with WTlliam 

Lusk, William Fitzgerald and Frank Ederle in charge. 

In the labies' ball throwing contest, Mrs. H. P. Martin. 

Lansing, outclassed all of her competitors. 

George Lawder of Marshall was first in the sack 

race and Gus Landwehr of Battle Creek reached the 

tape first. The three-legged race found W. C. Lusk 

and George Lawder the best co-operators. In the 

50-yd. dash for traveling men, N. L. Pierson led to 

the finish line. A special running race for ladies and 

men found Mrs. Landwehr and Mr. McGuire the 

winners. 

A match foot race between Adam Schepper of Bay 

City and Harry Martin of Lansing was closely contested 

but Adams was the fleeter of foot. 

The Employers pulled a victory out of defeat 

in the tug-of-war. Sixteen men were on each side. 

The ball game between the upper cities, led by 

Lansing, and the lower cities, by Battle Creek, was a 

five-inning affair and kept the scorers on their toes 

to keep track of the tallies. The hitting was heavy, 

as was the cheering. Lang and Lewless were the 

Saginaw battery and Shouldice and Daly worked for 

Battle Creek. The teams jockeyed for the lead 

throughout and in the 5th inning Saginaw led 13 

to 11, but Battle Creek came through with a rally 

and won out 14-13, so they hold the silver cup. 

It was after 5.30 when the homeward trip was 

started and praises for Chairman William Lusk and 

Frank Ederle and the men whose work made the outing 

a big success were heard from everyone. There 

is no doubt that they accomplished their purpose of 

"we want everyone to have a good time." 

The Real Employer 

The Wallach sy.stem of stores in New York says 

to its clerks: 

"You are here on approval, just as the clothing 

furnishings and hats are sold on approval, whether 

paid for or not. So you can stay with us as long as 

you please our customers who are your real employers. 

That is vour first duty. 

"Selling merchandise is secondary. Remember, too, 

that pleasing a customer does not mean pleasing him 

only while he is in the store. He must never cease 

to be glad he came in. So tell him the truth always. 

Every man who comes into our stores is a customer, 

whether he buys or not. So be as particular, as 

cheerful in showing goods as in selling them."


News of the 


New England Plumbing Inspectors 

35 Members Attend Annual Outing and Enjoy a Splendid 

Time Despite Bad Weather 

Members of the New England Association of 

Plumbing Inspectors held their annual outing on July 

15, with an abundance of "eats" and "smokes," and 

a super-abundance of rain. But despite the downpour 

which started before the auto trip commenced 

to Canobie Lake Park, the members report the affair 

as one of the best ever hid. The rain kept them indoors 

and the program of sports had to be omitted 

but the members, in the interim, discussed their work 

from every angle in an informal manner and all felt 

well satisfied with the day's program. 

Tliere were 35 inspectors from all sections of New 

England in attendance and the business session was 

held at the Lawrence City Hall, Lawrence, Mass. 

Just as the party started from there for Canobie Lake 

the rain started. The storm put the car line out of 

commission and worked general havoc with everybody 

but the inspectors. The chicken dinner was served 

at the park and then came the informal session varied 

by a visit to the dance hall, where an excellent band 

furnished a program to the marooned pleasure-seekers 

at the park until trolley travel was restored. 

Oswald J. Cullington, plumbing inspector of Lawrence, 

acted as the day's host and Andrew J. Burnett, 

inspector at Melrose, Mass., as chairman of the ways 

and means committee, was in general charge. Mr. 

Cullington is also secretary of the association. 

Association Work By Auto Tour In Mass. 

Master Plumber OfBcer9 to Visit Wesern Part and Hold 

Executive Monthly Meeting En Route 

President G. Wilbur Thompson, Secretary W. H. 

Russell Goudey and members of the Executive Board 

of the Massachusetts Master Plumbers' Association 

will leave Boston July 27 by auto for a tour of western 

Massachusetts in the interest of association work. 

They will be guests of the locals at Fitchburg, Greenfield, 

Pittsfield and Westfield during the trip. 

They plan to arouse enthusiasm in the state organization 

and to strengthen the local associations and 

may aid in forming new locals. Inasmuch as distance 

prevents many of the members in the western part of 

the state from attending all meetings, the Executive 

Board has taken this method of keeping the members 

posted on the progress of events. 

A meetinge of the Executive Board, which would 

ordinarily be held at Boston this month, will be held 

en route. William Milne of Pittsfield is a member 

of the Executive Board and is arranging the program. 

Haverhill and Lowell, Mass., M.P. Association 

Outings are being planned by the Haverhill and 

Lowell, Mass., Master Plumbers Association, to take 

place early next month, but the dates have not yet 

been set. 

New Bedford, Mass., Master Plumbers 

Annual Mid-Summer Outing on August 4, to be a Clambake 

at Marion, Massachusetts 

The Master Plumbers' Association of New Bedford, 

Mass., and vicinity will hold their annual mid-summer 

outing Aug. 4 and the affair promises to surpass anything 

ever before held in Southern Massachusetts. 

They will have a New England clambake at Bayside 

Pines, Marion, Mass., making the trip over by 

auto, and those who have ever enjoyed a Buzzard's 

Bay clambake will be on hand to do this one full 

justice. The affair is in charge of the officers, president, 

Augustus Smith; vice-president, J. P. Reilly; 

treasurer, John D. Elliott, and secretary, W. L. 

Bason. 

Suffolk County Plumbing and Heating 

Contractors «••»>»-«. . ~r-- • • •-• 

President Issues Call to Annual Dinner and 'Urges" Members 

to Let Committee Know Their Intentions."^- ' 

Who could resist this invitation if a member of the 

Master Plumbers, Steam and Hot Water Fitters' Association 

of Suffolk County, N. Y., issued by President 

Fred B. Barker, Quogue, N. Y.: 

Fellow Members and Friends: 

At the last regular meeting of the Master Plumbers 

Steam and Hot Water Fitters' Association of Suffolk 

County, N. Y._ it was decided to hold our annual dinner 

on July 28, 1920. The committee in charge have selected 

the Gunning Point House, which is on the ocean front, about 

opposite Westhampton Beach, L. I. 

The way to get there is to go to Westhampton Beach 

cross the bridge to the Ocean Beach, turn west and follow 

the highway west, about a mile and a half 

The dinner is called for 1.30 p. m., and all are requested 

to be on hand in time. We expect to have a tip-top dinner 

and, as we all know, it tastes best when ready 

Charles H. Redfield, of Grimshaw & Redfield, Westhampton 

Beach, a hard-working member of this committee, has 

kindly offered to put up markers on the Main South Country 

Koad, what our brothers from the western part of the 

island would call the Merrick Road, soon to be known 

under its new name of the Montauk Highway 

Owing to the fact that the people who are to put up this 

dinner will furnish only as many as we order it is re 

quested that the members and others who wish to'come sign 

the enclosed card and send check to cover the number ol 

tickets required. 

Everybody interested ean understand that as the dinners 

_.*_. Th V X M Pa ^ !°V tWs 1S a nec «s ar y Part of this 

affair. The holders of tickets will have reservations that 

will he sure to make the trip enjoyable; others taking _ 

chance on pot luck may go hungry! 

"LEST WE FORGET!" 

Don't say you can't come. Take time—TOU will be dead 

a long time. Have a little recreation while yon are able 

to enjoy it. 

J 

The dinner bell! We will not guarantee accommodations 

and unless you positively mail acceptance not later than the 

24th instant. As stated, we have to contract for the re 

the year stretched ahead of us. The going to this "affair will 

freshments. and in fairness to the committee, who are 

make a better man of each one who attends It v.inlet 

working for your pleasure—do it now' 

you meet the other chap that you have heard of but never 

The object of this affair is to get the members together 

meet face to face, and yon very likely will find that he is 

3 give us an annual event that we can look back to for 

a real ikeable chap, interested in the advancement of hs 

profession at which he makes his living, and a man of 

sterling_avic: worth. Members of the plumbing craft have 

. t . th f ° . St " ff t0 Win ° Ut In »» trades fhe tendency 

is to think of a competitor as some wild man; this idea I 

all wrong. Meet with us and vou will find ihe members 

in this line of business in Suffolk County a brig !„! 

tlemanly class of people. ""gnt, gen-


To show that we were not thinking of ourselves alone, 

it was voted on at our last meeting to invite the ladies; 

so bring your good wife, if you are blessed with one, your 

daughter, or the lady whom you hope to have preside over 

your home. They will be welcome and it will give them 

a chance to see the class of people you associate with when 

away of an evening to one of our meetings in Bay Shore. 

PLEASE ! 

As a slight help to the committee which has a good deal 

to do for no other recompense than the desire to make the 

affair a success, send the enclosed card back at once with 

your check, so that we can know how many to expect and 

make the needed arrangements. 

Yours fraternally, 

FRED B. BARKER, 

President. 

DINNER AND OUTING COMMITTEE: 

Charles H. Redfield, Westhampton Beach. 

Muir C Smyth, Brookhaven. 

Harry Robinson, Southampton. 

Fred B. Barker, Quogue. 

IF You HAVE A BATHING SUIT, BRING IT ALONG. 

Tribute to Cleveland Members 

The Associated Plumbing Contractors of Cleveland, 

Ohio, at the meeting July 13, adopted the following 

resolutions on the death of two of its members: 

WHEREAS, the Associated Plumbing Contractors of Cleveland 

learn with regret the passing away of Henry J. Hunger, 

for many years a manufacturer of brass goods in this 

city; and 

WHEREAS, Mr. Hunger, by many acts of kindness and accommodation, 

made himself a friend to all in need of his 

kind attention, all in need of a special friend, found him 

ready with his skill and advice, we look upon his loss with 

sorrow and regret; 

Therefore, be it resolved that we, the Associated Plumbing 

Contractors of Cleveland extend to the family and relatives 

our condolence and sympathy. 

(Signed ) CHARLES H. MALLOTT, 

CHARLES F. SIEFRIED, 

EB ELLEN. 

WHEREAS, by the passing away of Frank A. Wadsworth 

we mourn the loss of the oldest Master Plumber doing 

business in Cleveland; and 

WHEREAS, Mr. Wadswoth has endeared himself to the 

trade by his engaging personality and his acts of kindness 

to one and all; as an employer he was considerate and just, 

a friend in need and a good competitor in his dealings witb 

business associations; 

A good husband and father, a citizen of honesty and 

repute; 

Therefore, be it resolved that we. the Associated Plumb 

ing Contractors of Cleveland, express our sincere and heartfelt 

condolence and sympathy with the family, assuring 

them that we also mourn his loss. 

(Signed) CHARLES H. MALLOTT, 

CHARLES F. SIEFRJED, 

EB ELLEN. 

The Two Sheet Organizations 

Some confusion exists as to the two organizations 

among the independent mills, the Western Sheet and 

Tin Plate Manufacturers' Association and the National 

Sheet and Tin Plate Association. The former 

is the organization whieh deals with the Amalgamated 

Association of Iron, Steel and Tin Workers at 

the annual wage conferences and at the bi-monthly 

examinations of sales sheets to determine the wage 

rate for the two-month periods. Ordinarily the next 

settlement, to fix the wage rate for the July-August 

period, would be held about July 10. Membership in 

this association is, of course, limited to makers who 

operate their mills on a union basis. A. N. Flora, 

vice-president of the Trumbull Steel Co., Warren, 

Ohio, is president of th organization and James H. 

Nutt is secretary. Mr. Nutt worked for many years 

in the puddling departments of Mahoning" Valley 

plants. Offices of the association are maintained in 

the Mahoning Bank Building, Youngstown, Ohio. 

The National Sheet and Tin Plate Association is an 

organization to further the interests of independent 

sheet and tin makers in a general way; to determine 

certain business policies and to enable the members to 

act in concert on matters of mutual interest. It is 

composed of independent makers who operate either 

on an open-shop basis or under the Amalgamated 

scale. It maintains offices in the Oliver Building, 

Pittsburgh, with George D. Mcllvaine as secretary. 

Bar iron manufacturers also have an association, 

known as the Western Bar Iron Association, which 

deals with the Amalgamated at the wage conferences 

and the bi-monthly settlements. Mr. Nutt is secretary 

of this organization. 

THE MILLIONAIRE GANG at the Annual Convention of thef 

National Association of Sheet Metal Contractors' at Peoria,. 

III., June 8-11. O. T. Ingledew, Chicago Scully Steel & Iron. 

Co.; Owen McGrath, Merchant & Evans, Chicago; J. D. 

Caldwell, Brier Hill Steel Co., Chicago; S. D. Burton, Inland 

Steel, Chicago. 

Metal Branch Meeting October 21 

To Be Held During Twenty-sixth Annual Convention. 

of National Hardware Association 

at Atlantic City 

Through the courtesy of Secretary T. James Fernley, 

we are informed that the twenty-sixth annual 

convention of the National Hardware Association 

of the United States will be held at the Marlborough- 

Blenheim Hotel in Atlantic City, N. J., Oct. 19-22. 

This meeting, as in previous years, will have the 

automobile accessories branch convene on Tuesday, 

Oct. 19. The whole sheet metal trade will be interested 

in the fact that the Metal Branch will hold its 

nieeting on Thursday afternoon, Oct. 21, when the 

distributors will discuss matters of interest to them 

and at their invitation representatives of the rolling 

mills will also be present and take part. 

Chairman W. H. Donlevy of the Metal Branch is 

already engaged with its secretary, T. George Fernley, 

in considering matters which will occupy the attention 

of the members at the meeting so that those 

which are of greatest interest will be discussed by 

those best qualified to do it.


T. E. B. Appreciates Trade Press 

A letter from H. E. Jones of the Sales-Help Service 

Department of the Trade Extension Bureau, 

Evansville, Ind., contains the following: 

You have doubtless noted in the past that on every appropriate 

occasion T. E. B. has emphasized the idea that 

the plumbing and heating contraetor should give more time 

than he does to the reading and digesting of the immensely 

valuable material that is supplied him in the trade press. 

It gives particular pleasure to assure the Trade Press 

that this policy is still active, and that in the published 

material in all talks before conventions and association 

meetings this point will receive attention. In fact, the plumbing 

and heating contractor who listens to T. E. B. gospel 

with any serious attention is bound to realize that the trade 

press supplies him with one of the most valuable aids for 

keeping his ideas and practices up to date. 



THE EVER-READY HEATER CO., Los Angeles, has been 

incorporated with a capital of $.500,000 by John B. 

Reeves, J. Oscar Smith and W. G. Duff, to manufacture 

heaters and lieating equipment. 

THE AMERICAN TANK & WELDING CO., 55 Isaac 

Street, Belleville, N. J., has been organized to 

manufacture tanks and similar products. George C. 

Lee heads the company. 

THE DURIRON CASTINGS CO., 90 West Street, New 

York, manufacturer of acid and rust-proof iron 

products, soil pipe, etc., has increased its capital to 

$600,000. 

THE ELECTRIC BOILER CORPORATION has been incoriiorated 

at Cambridge, Mass., with a capital of 

$50,000 for the manufacture of boilers and heaters. 

The incorporators are Frederick Bernard, Watertown; 

Andrew E. Colson, Cambridge, and Horatio 

Alden, Brookline, Mass. 

JOHN J. KANE has opened a plumbing and gas fitting 

shop at 533 High Street, Holyoke, Mass. 

A POSTAL CARD ANNOUNCING new discounts on the 

Pierce American and the Pierce down draft steam 

and hot water boilers was issued July 12 by the 

Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Co., New York City, 

and shows a necessary advance to keep pace with 

the advancing cost of production. 

THE GROWTH OF THE FACILITIES for producing the 

"Duro" water systems for farms and suburbn residences 

and factories is well portrayed in halftone 

engraving of the plant presented on the first page 

of The Duro Pressure Gauge for July, issued by the 

Burnett-Larsh Mfg. Co., Dayton, Ohio. The last 

page is entitled "A Farm's Wife Value," and by 

means of the pictures her equipment in the laundry, 

in the kitchen and in the bathroom are made clear, 

while the equipment for farm use at the barn and 

the stock yard is also shown, but the accent is put 

upon the conveniences for the woman. Then the 

two interior pages show displays that have been 

made at different centers to make people realize 

what can be enjoyed and pictures of the equipment 

which the firm can supply. The picture of the 

New York convention sliows those who accepted the 

invitation of the company for the plumbing establishments 

here in New York to come in and hear a 

real sales talk and how to go about getting the business 

that will make the plumber and heating contractor 

prosperous whether or not a new building 

is erected in the United States this year. 

ANOTHER ONE OF THE OPPORTUNITIES brought to the 

attention of the heating contractor by the Minneapolis 

Heat Regulator Co., Minneapolis, Minn., contains 

the assertion that even' new house in which a 

new heating apparatus is erected in your town this 

year should be provided with equipment to regulate 

draft and maintain an even temperature. The 

installation of the Minneapolis Heat Regulator, 

whether when the lieater is first installed or later 


on, is a matter of importance to the heating con 

CHARLES H. HILLS, formerly sales manager with the tractor because it carries with it the suggestion to 

Seattle branch, Worthington Pump & Machinery study up on tiie heat and temperature regulation, 

Corporation, is now in the marine department of the so as to make it clear that the cost is insignificant 

same company in the New York office. 

compared with the comfort and economy that attends 

its use. The Chicago branch is in the Insurance 

Exchange Building, and in New York City 

it is 1735 Grand Central Terminal Building. 

THE JULY NUMBER of the Sirocco Service issued by 

tbe American Blower Co., Detroit, gives information 

about the long service of the fan made by the 

conipany, calling particular attention to the fans 

installed in the Metropolitan Opera House 38 years 

ago, wliich are still in service. This fan is run 

in warm weather to aid in cooling and it is said to 

make a difference of 20 deg. in the temperature. 

Then there are more modern theatres shown using 

Service equipment as well as the model equipment 

used for ventilating the steamship St. Paul. 

New Branch Offices for U. S. 

Radiator Corporation 

The United States Radiator Corporation, Detroit, 

Mich., lias opened a branch on Martyr Street, Portland, 

Maine, where it is carrying a full line of the 

Capitol boilers, radiators, etc., for the state of Maine. 

It has 10,000 sq. ft. of floor space. Charles A. May- 

nard, who for the past 18 years has covered the state 

of Maine as salesman for the corporation, has been 

made branch manager in charge of the Portlnd office. 

The corporation will open another branch at Springfield, 

Mass., about Aug. 15, on Center Street, from 

which Western Massachusetts and parts of Vermont, 

New Hampshire and Northern New York will be 

covered. This branch will have about 15,000 sq ft 

of floor space and W. C. Brandeau, who for the past 

- years has been connected with the Boston office of 

the company, will be manager.

July 23, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMB ER AND STEAM FITTER 


THE KAHN-HOLT Co., Ill South Charles Street, Baltimore, 

Md., dealer in tin plate and metals, is now 

issuing a series of blotters. The first, bearing the 

picture of George Washington, states that by honorable 

and frank dealings he gained the confidence 

of his countrymen and pursuing the same policy 

combined with prompt shipments, this company has 

enjoyed the confidence of its patrons. Another 

blotter features Kahn-Holt Prince's metallic brown 

paint, ready for use and put up in 1-gal. cans, 5gal. 

kits and barrels. 

CLINTON PERFORATED METAL GRILLES are now being 

manufacturer by the Wickwire-Spencer Steel 

Co., Worcester' Mass., and 120 Broadway, New 

York City, successor to the Clinton Wright Wire 

Co., from steel, brass, copper, bronze, nickel, zinc, 

aluminum and monel, with either an electroplated' 

japanned, painted or buffed finish. Grilles up 

to 60 x 156 in. in size are made of one piece while 

larger sizes are made in two or more pieces joined 

together with hardly noticeable butt straps. Generally 

16, 14, 12, or 10 Birmingham gauge metal 

is used and the screw holes in the margin are 

either countersunk or plain. 

THE SHEET METAL CONTRACTOR will be interested in 

the July number of Graphite issued by the Joseph 

Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J., which is 

largely occupied with halftone engravings showing 

smokestacks which are being painted with the Silica-Graphite 

paint made by the company. It gives 

the suggestion that this i.s a good season of the year 

to go chasing around amongst those who use sheet 

metal smokestacks to see their condition and make 

memorandums to recommend those repairs which 

will be needed to enable the smokestacks to pass 

through another winter season. Now is the time to 

prepare for th inclement period of the year rather 

than to wait. 

FROM THE BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Washington, D. C, 

there are issued two publications, one by H. S. Rawdon 

and Samuel Epstein, No. 156, "Metallographic 

Features Revealed by the Deep Etching of Steel.'" 

The other is No. 376, by Howard Scott, entitled 

"Critical Ranges of Some Commercial Nickel 

Steels." These can be secured, respectively for 

10c. and 15c, from the Superintendent of Documents, 

Government Printing Office, Washington. 

CATALOG No. 25 issued by the Hess, Snyder Co., 

Massillon, Ohio, in addition to describing in detail 

the various sizes and styles of the Boomer warmair 

furnaces, stoves and fittings which it manufactures' 

contains a table of pipe and register capacities 

and a reliable method of laying out a 

system of hot-air heating in dwellings. It is a 

valuable booklet for the tradesman to have. 

Decision Approved at Youngstown 

Award of the Railway Labor Board should prove 

to be a big stabilizing factor in the transportation 

situation of the country, say leading iron and steel 

makers of Y'oungstown, Ohio, who anticipate a bet- 

i 

terment in rail movements generally. The decision 

is welcomed by 18,000 railroad workers in this district. 

Mattie Furnace of the A. M. Byers Co. at Girard 

has been banked. Sheet mills at the DeForest Works 

of the Republic Iron & Steel Co. are idle this week. 

Trumbull Steel Co. is operating all of its 44 sheet 

tin plate and jobbing mills. 

Half Century of Service to Consumers 

of Iron and Steel 

The Brown-Wales Co., Boston, Mass., i.s celebrating 

the fiftieth anniversary of its founding. Starting with 

limited facilities, it hardly seems possible that the developments 

were accomplshed in this length of time. 

It is now recognized as maintaining one of the leading 

warehouses in New England for all requirements of 

the machinists, iron workers, structural shops, sheet 

metal workers, tinners, roofers- etc., the stock requiring 

large warehouses in Boston and Dorchester 

district. 

It maintains a large fleet of heavy motor trucks to 

make local, freight house and boat deliveries. 

Wheeling Steel Corporation Officials 

The newly organized Wheeling Steel Corporation 

witli $100,000,000 capital stock and as a merger of 

the Wheeling Steel & Iron Co., the Whitaker-Glessner 

Co. and La Belle Iron Works, is a holding company 

and the three subsidiaries will maintain their 

identities. 

Isaac M. Scott, president Wheeling Steel & Iron 

Co., has been elected president of the new corporation, 

with Andrew Glass, D. A. Burt and W. H. Abbott, 

vice-presidents. D. A. Burt is treasurer and 

Walter Higgins secretary. Alexander Glass is chairman 

of the executive committee and A. H. Woodward 

vice-chairman. Members of the committee also include 

C. R. Hubbard, A. C. Whitaker, J. J. Holloway, 

E. C. Ewing, Isaac M. Scott and R. C. Kirk. 

Directors of the new organization are as follows: 

One-year term, 1921, Howard Hazlett, F. M. Work, 

E. VV. Oglebay, Isaac M. Scott, A. C. Whitaker and 

Joseph Coudon; two-year term 1922, Edward Hazlett, 

N. P. Whitaker." Andrew Glass, A. H. Woodward, 

D. A. Burt and E. C. Ewing; three-year term, 

1923, J. M. Clarke, Alexander Glass, William F. 

Stifel, W. H. Abbott, R. C. Kirk, C. R. Hubbard 

and J. J. Holloway. 

D. A. Burt, secretary La Belle Iron Works, has 

been elected president of the company, succeeding 

R. C. Kirk, who resigned, and G. B. Levin, of Steubenville, 

Ohio, has been elected vice-president. 

Active Sheet Demand 

While some jobbing interests in the Middle W r est 

report an easing up in sheet steel demand, it has not 

yet reached makers of Youngstown, Ohio, who are 

not only sold ahead in this branch of the industry for 

a long period, but report fresh and sustained inquiries. 

The price spread on one-pass black, average 

sizes, ranges from 6.5c. to 9c, on galvanized from 

7.50c to 10c and on blue annealed from 5.50c to


6.50c Rolling schedules of independent producers 

are still being maintained on a 75 per cent, basis, 

despite an accumulation of tonnage conservatively 

valued at $20,000,000. 

Iron ore receipts have fallen off greatly, one large 

consumer having received only about 60 per cent, of 

the tonnage usually stocked by the middle of July. 

While order No. 7, giving priority to coal movement, 

has been extended for 30 days, or to Aug. 20, the 

modification by the Interstate Commerce Commission, 

exempting flat bottom gondola cars with sides less 

than 36 in. in height, inside measurement, is expected 

to afford some relief from the acute car stringency. 

Carnegie Steel Co. has been more seriously affected 

than any of the independents and its operations have 

sagged as low as 40 pr cent. On July 17, all departments 

except blast furnaces suspended to permit employees 

to participate in their annual outing. 

With settlement of the wage scale for sheet workers 

on a 5.75c card for the July-August period, employees 

in this branch have received a net increase 

since Jan. 1, 1919, of 13.8 per cent. 

At Farrell, Pa., the sheet units of the American 

Sheet & Tin Plate Co. have suspended because of 

scarcity of steel. The Pennsylvania railroad has imposed 

an embargo on outbound shipments which manufacturers 

say will work a great hardship unless soon 

rescinded. There are thousands of tons of steel ready 

to go forward, but no cars to move them. Blast furnace 

operators in the Shenango Valley are evincing 

concern over failure of the carriers to move cargoes 

of iron ore from the Lake ports. Up to the present 

time the furnaces have received only a small percentage 

of the ore consigned to them. 

Action of the Interstate Commerce Commission in 

more fully defining coal ears is a clarifying factor 

in the local situation, as heretofore there has been 

much confusion as to the real interpretation that 

should be placed upon order No. 7. Railroads placed 

one construction, while the mills placed another, with 

the result that there was some lack of co-operation 

in utilizing what few cars were available for shipments. 

No. 11 tube mill, the new lapweld mill of the 

Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., is now approaching 

completion. It will have a capacity of 5,000 tons of 

lapweld pipe a month. 

Pipe makers report warehouse stocks and stock of 

jobbers have been greatly depleted and shipments of 

oil country goods destined to jobbers are frequently 

diverted to consumers. Demand from this source is 

strong. An inquiry for 10,000 tons of pipe for export 

went the rounds of makers, but was rejected. 

New Catalog Covers Fan System 

A piece of technical literature of more than ordinary 

value is the proper classification of the Fan 

system of lieating, ventilating and humidifying under 

the name Buffalo, and bearing the catalog number 

700. as issued by Buffalo Forge Co., Buffalo, N. Y. 

The foreword states that the company has always 

held that its engineering data and developments 

should not be hoarded as hidden treasures, but should 

be made available for the use of engineers in general. 

The work is divided into parts, and Part 1 is devoted 

to public buildings with all of the engineering 

data which will qualify engineers to approach the 

of designing the ventilation of any building for public 

use, whether a hospital, a workshop, a prison or a 

meeting hall with those tables, charts and other reliable 

data that will enable him to lay out what is 

required. 

Part 2 is in reference to industrial plants and contains 

similar information. Part 3 is devoted to the 

Buffalo apparatus, and in addition to showing pictures 

of various parts, making clear the value of the 

constructive details and of the different characters 

of apparatus which can be furnished for different 

needs, it also gives those tables, charts, capacities, 

etc., which will make it an invaluable reference book 

for the designing engineer. In reference to it, the 

company stated it is the most efficient catalog of its 

kind which it has ever published and is for all practical 

purposes a handbook on heating and yentilation. 

" Nokol" For Heating 

Every home owner wants to eliminate the ash 

carrying job so that he will "warm up" to "Nokol" 

when the heating man explains that it will also maintain 

an even temperature and is automatic in operation. 

"Nokol" is an oil burning apparatus for residence 

heating plants, put on the market by The Steam 

Corporation (division of Amalgamated Machinery 

Corporation), Chicago, 111. Its principal parts are a 

thermostat centrally located, and connected with an 

electrical control box attached to a blower or an atomizer, 

a combustion chamber housing a constantly 

rs 

The "Nokol" Installed in Heating System 

burning pilot light and an oil storage tank. The installation 

requirements are a heating plant in good 

condition, steam, hot-water, vapor vacuum or warmair 

type, 110 volt direct alternating current to run 

blower and gas supply line for pilot light. 

This apparatus burns kerosene, and some other oils 

depending upon the locality in which they are installed. 

The accompanying cut shows how it is installed 

in a heating boiler. 

In operation the oil flows from the storage tank 

through supply line to a float chamber where needle

uly 23, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMB 

•alve maintains proper level. When temperature 

roes down the thermostat acts, starting the blower, 

vhich creates a forced draft through a tube leading 

nto the combustion chamber and through atomizing 

fuel nozzle, located in air tube, close to combustion 

hamber. The suction draws kerosene from the float 

;hamher and feeds spray into combustion chamber 

where pilot light placed at point where fuel ignites it. 

The spray nozzle is so designed that the correct proportion 

of air and oil is mixed for complete combustion. 

When the heat regulator acts and starts the 

blower it is so connected with the pilot light gas valve 

that the supply is turned from low to full and back 

to low, so that for a short period the flame expands 

to light the oil. 

During the extremely severe winter just passed this 

apparatus, it is said, has been extremely satisfactory, 

as it is positive in operation, is automatically controlled 

so that supervision is unnecessary and by the 

elimination of smoke, soot and a.shes has been a great 

convenience to the home owner. It is offered as a 

highly efficient apparatus and eliminates waste, as it 

only operates when the temperature requires. 

Franklin Union Course In Heating 

One of the institutions in which master plumbers 

of New England are vitally interested is the heating 

and ventilating course of instruction in theory and 

practice given by the Franklin Union, Boston, Mass., 

from which, during its few years of existence, many 

of the leading younger men in the business have graduated. 

The course and the advantages which it offers 

to ambitious young men both in the business and 

those about to enter the business, may not be so widely 

known outside of Boston. But with several graduates 

of the course already successful salesmen for some of 

the big concerns, it is rapidly coming to the fore. 

On Saturday, July 10, the annual reunion of the 

alumni, known as the Franklin Union Heating and 

Ventilating Society, was held at Suntaug Lake Inn, 

Lynnfield, Mass., and of the 90 members of the society, 

53 were present. Considering that the course 

was established only 5 years ago and that of the whole 

number of graduates, 50 per cent, served overseas with 

the United States forces, the showing is remarkable. 

Many of the leading firms in Boston are picking their 

employees from the graduates, for the course is a 

complete one requiring two years to finish and turns 

out men who are able to figure obs and handle the detail 

of work required of the successful salesman of 

to-day. Engineering, draughting and other branches 

of the business are taught. Most of the students are 

actively employed by masters during their course, so 

that they get both the theoretical as well as the practical 

application of what they learn. Almost every 

large Boston concern now numbers one or more Franklin 

Pinion graduates on its payrolls and students are 

coming in larger numbers from other parts of the 

state. 

The members gathered at Boston and made the trip 

by autos. At the lake a shore dinner was served and 

was followed by a varied program of sports, the baseball 

game being won by the salesmen over the engineers 

14 to 13. The return trip was made in the early 

evening. 

R AND STEAM FITTER 127 

A drive is now under way for new members and is 

meeting with much success. Meetings of the alumni 

society are to be held each month at the various large 

Boston offices, where a lecture on some phase of the 

work will be given by some man prominent in the 

industry and will be followed by a trip of inspection 

through the offices and salesroom of the company entertaining 

the society. 

Harry E. Connell, assistant manager of the United 

Radiator Corporation of Massachuseets, is president 

of the society; Harr}' G. Dodge, Gurney Heater Co., 

secretary; Robert Crocker Massachuseets Heating & 

Ventilating Co., Boston, was chairman of the transportation 

committee, and J. R. Reardon, of Reardon 

Brothers, Lynn, Mass., was chairman of the outing 

committee. 

Reading Pipe and Pictures in Pittsburgh 

To make clear to the every-day workers in pipe 

tilings which are overlooked, the Reading Iron Co., 

Reading, Pa., utilized the opportunity afforded by the 

National Association of Master Plumbers in Pittsburgh 

to make a splendid exhibit of its wrought iron 

pipe at the Sanitary and Efficiency Show, picture of 

which is present herewith. 

It did not stop with the splendid exhibit, but utilized 

one of the evenings during the convention when 

a vaudeville entertainment was given to put on a 

moving picture film showing the process of making 

wrought iron pipe. 

Unfortunately, in our convention report this was 

mentioned as the film of another manufacturing concern 

and it is a gratification to set the matter straight. 

Doubtless those who saw the pictures with the signs 

were thoroughly interested and saw the name Reading 

Iron Co. But there were many throughout the country 

who read the notice of this feature of the evening's 

pleasure who got the wrong impression as to whose 

generosity afforded the entertainment. 

The display of the moving pictures was instructive 

to manv people who had never had the opportunity to 

go through a pipe mill and see all of the processes. 

The display of the pipe on the rack in the exhibit 

Pipe Display In Pittsburgh Sanitary and Efficiency Show 

at Motor Square Garden and the illustrated explanation 

given by the moving pictures was extremely in-


teresting. The entrance to the booth was made up 

of a special loop or arch similar to that which would 

be used as an expansion loop in a long underground 

heating main and the columns were made up of pipe 

showing what the Reading pipe will stand when it 

comes to forming it into a coil. This splendid exhibit 

was in cliarge of R. S. Donaldson, special representative 

of the Advertising Department; F. English, 

district sales manager, and H. M. Wentley. 

They gave each visitor a numbered card and at the 

close of the convention, under the auspices of S. A. 

Patton, chairman of the committee of Pittsburgh Master 

Plumbers Association, a rack pipe was awarded 

to H. Palmatier, of Palmatier & Robertson, East 

Orange, N. J. 

Every guest at the company's booth was invited to 

make a close investigation of the pipe he is using so 

as to be able to impress upon customers that the muchused 

and much-abused wrought pipe has features of 

excellence that are as worthy of notice and as safely 

adapted for peculiar needs as any of the articles that 

have not been on the market for more than half a 

century and consequently are not passed over in the 

same way that the familiar iron pipe is passed over. 

LATE NEWS OF TRADES 

JOSEPH A. NELSON CO., Boston, Mass., has been incorporated 

to carry on a sheet metal business, with 

a capital of .$15,000. The directors and officers 

are: President, William F. Nelson; treasurer, Mrs. 

Jean Smith Nelson, 20 Seymour Street, Winthrop, 

Mass., and clerk, John F. Drinan. 

THOMAS DOBSON, of East Port Chester, Conn., has 

started a new plumbing, tinning and heating business 

in tiie Weir Building Co.'s block, 76 Arch 

Street, Greenwich, Conn. Mr. Dobson has been 

connected with the concern of D. K. Allen on 

Greenwich Avenue for 20 years and for the past 

3 years has managed a part of the business. 

GEORGE CARR, of Carr Supply Co., Chicago, 111., was 

on the job at the Michigan Sheet Metal Contractors' 

outing after a pleasant vacation with his family 

in Wisconsin. 

CHARLES GLESSNER, of the Excelsior Steel Furnace 

Co., Chicago, leaves a week from -next Wednesday 

for a fishing trip in Canada. He will be away for 

the month of August. i 

"JIM" DOHERTY, Chicago manager for the International 

Heater Co., is spending his vacation in 

Michigan. 

THE COMBUSTION ENGINEERING CORPORATION announces 

the appointment of Henry Kreisinger, formerly 

of the United Bureau of Mines, as engineer 

of research. He compiled a large proportion of 

the Government pamphlets on fuel and combustion 

problems. Mr. Kreisinger will conduct investigations 

for the Combustion Engineering Corporation 

of a similar nature to those that he conducted for 

the Government; and the results of his work will 

not only be available to the clients of that corporation, 

but will also be supjilied to the Government. 

THE EAGLE PIPE SUPPLY Co., INC., 'Woolworth Building, 

New York, has acquired the plant of the Metal 

Products Co., Beaver, Pa., for about $85,000. The 

plant was used during the war for the manufacture 

of projectiles for the Government and will be 

converted by the new owner into a modern pipe 

mill. It consists of four one-story brick buildings 

on Fifth Street, 50 x 140 ft, 36 x 218 ft. 26 x 100 

ft. and 30 x 40 ft., respectively. 

THE C. A. DUNHAM CO., Fisher Building, Chicago, 

manufacturer of heating apparatus, is planning a 

two-story addition to its plant at Marshalltown, 

Iowa, 40 x 150 ft., to cost about $150,000. 

THE RELIANCE LIGHTING FIXTURE CORPORATION, 

New York, recently organized to manufacture metal 

gas and electric fixtures, attachments, etc., has 

taken over the business of the Reliance Electric 

Lamp & Supply Co., 317 Canal Street. 

THE PREST-O-LITE CO., 30 East Forty-second Street, 

New York, manufacturer of acetylene equipment, 

will take bids until about Aug. 5 for its proposed 

one-story plant at Philadelphia, to cost approximately 

$75,000. 

THE PENNSYLVANIA RANGE & BOILER CO., 2010 

North Tenth Street, Philadelphia, has filed plans 

for a one-story addition to its boiler shorj. 

THE FISCHER-SWEENY BRONZE CO., 1301 Grand 

Street, Hoboken, N. J., manufacturer of exhausters, 

pumps, castings, etc., has increased its capital 

from $100,000 to $200,000. 

THE IRON CITY PIPE & FITTINGS CO., Birmingham, 

Ala., has inaugurated operations at its new plant 

at North Birmingham for the manufacture of sanitary 

pipe and fittings. It is proposed to develop 

a capacity of about 30 tons a day and this will be 

increased at a later date. 

THE MILWAUKEE BOILER MFG. CO., Milwaukee, has 

filed articles of incorporation. The capital stock is 

$200,000 and the incorporators are I. M. Bean, 

Otto A. Ehbe and W. D. Johnson, principal stockholders 

and officers of the Milwaukee Boiler Co., 

220 Oregon Street. A statement concerning the' 

new organization will be issued shortly, according 

to W. D. Johnson. 

8 

THE URSCHEL-BATES VALVE MFG. CO., Summit 

Street, Toledo, Ohio, has broken ground for a fourstory 

plant at Oakmont, Pa., to cost about $250,000, 

including equipment. 

THE WESTCOTT RULE CO., Bayard Street, Seneca 

Falls, N. Y., manufacturer of rules, metal measuring 

tapes, etc, has increased its capital from $25,- 

000 to $400,000. 

THE EDWARD G. BUDD MFG. CO., Twenty-fifth Street 

and Hunting Park Avenue, Philadelphia, manufacturer 

of steel automobile bodies, steel stampings, 

etc, has filed plans for extensions and improvements 

in its machine and assembling shop to cost 

about $100,000 and for similar work in another 

building at the plant to cost $30,000.


THE VULCAN DETINNING CO., Sewaren, N. J., has 

acquired the assets and business of the Republic 

Chemical Co., Inc., with detinning works at Neville 

Island, Pittsburgh. This plant will be continued 

in operation, with Louis Muench, formerly presi 

dent of the Republic company, in charge. 

THE AREX CO., Conway Building, Chicago, manufac 

turer of ventilators and kindred metal products, has 

awarded a contract to J. Belch, 671 West Forty- 

third Street, Gary, Ind., for a one-story plant at 

4024-34 Broadway, Gary, 50 x 150 ft., to cost about 

$22,000. 

THE PREST-O-LITE Co., 30 East Forty-second Street, 

New York, manufacturer of acetylene apparatus, 

automobile lighting equipment, etc., will take bids 

up to early in August for a new one-story plant, 

25x100 ft., at Cambridge, Mass., to cost about 

$80,000. 

JOSEPH T. RYERSON & SON, West Side Avenue, Jer 

sey City, N. J., iron and steel products, have filed 

plans for a one-story steel addition to cost about 

$75,000. Headquarters of the company are at 

Chicago. 

THE FAMOUS STOVE Co., Piggot, Ark., has been in 

corporated at $20,000 by T. W. Johnson, A. B. Gal- 

legly and F. B. Sprague to manufacture stoves, 

ranges, etc. 

THE NEW HAVEN STOVE REPAIR Co., New Haven, 

Conn., has awarded a contract to Louis Winnik, 

New Haven, for a new one-story plant at 488 State 

Street, 24 x 100 ft., with extension, 12 x 24 ft., to 

cost about $15,000. 

Friends at The Michigan Outing 

Bruno Martin, of Saginaw, has had 76 birthdays 

yet was one of the most active men at the outing and 

took a lively part in the entertainment of every group 

he was in. Mr. Martin is one of the old-time crafts 

men and examples of his work have been shown by 

halftone engravings in our columns. 

The custom of entertaining is so strong w T ith the 

salesmen that these friends took part in the work even 

though they were supposed on this occasion to be 

entertained. R. W. Merck and Charles Glessner 

represented Excelsior Steel Furnace Co., Chicago; 

Thomas Peacock, R. J. Schwab & Sons Co., Mil 

waukee; T. H. Merriam, Raymond Lead Works, Chi 

cago; C. F. Nason, Milwaukee Corrugating Co., Grand 

Rapids; E. E. Behler, W. C. Hopson Co., Grand 

Rapids; N. L..* Pierson, Jr., American Rolling Mill 

Co., Detroit; George Carr, Carr Supplv Co., Chi 

cago; H. F. Brainard, J. I. & L. M. Osborn Co., 

Cleveland; the local force A. B. Stove Co.; R. W. 

Blanchard, Hart & Cooley Co., Chicago, and H. E. 

Doherty, Safety Furnace Pipe Co., Detroit. 

Efficient Management of First Importance 

Tlie assistant general manager of a metal-working 

specialty comiiany writes to The Iron Age in response 

to an inquiry about increasing production as follows: 

Our experience not only in thc present year but also 

in the past has indicated that employees generally are 

not prone to increase production without a stimulus of 

some kind. We do not believe the tendency to slack is 

very much greater now than it has been at any other time, 

except that men are receiving many more dollars in the 

pay envelope than they ever thought they would receive 

and, regardless of thc purchasing power' of that dollar, 

tlyy are taking more days off for rest, recreation or other 

purposes than formerly. 

To overcome the undesirable tendency just above mentioned, 

wc have found that increased efficiency in supervision 

and management was required. W'e have long believed 

that efficiency of management was of more importance 

than was efficiency of the workmen, and we have 

spent the greater part of our endeavor in developing real 

honest, efficient management before experimenting with the 

workmen. The results have been extremely gratifying, 

and we believe much more satisfactory than in the case 

where efficiency has been applied to workmen first and 

management last. 

By efficient management we mean efficient foremen and 

supervisors, efficient records and control, and have found 

that the worker is hound to respond more fully to the 

stimulus of efficient management than he i.s to his own personal 

efficiency. 

Also, we have found that the amount in the pay envelope 

has increased faster than our increase in production, 

yet we believe the increase in production which we have 

received is not disappointing, in spite of the fact that we 

have not entered into piece-work arrangements and largely 

rely upon a day-rate basis—a day rate, however, under 

which the output efficiency of every employee is carefully 

considered in establishing his proportion of pay envelope 

return. 

Prohibition, we believe, has helped output in that our 

workers are much more steady on their jobs, and in addition 

to this have been able to save more money than at any 

time in the past. 

Negro Inventions 

Few are better qualified to write of the achieve 

ment of the negro in the field of inventions than Em- 

mett J. Scott from his thorough familiarity with the 

work at both the Hampton Institute at Hampton, Va., 

and the Tuskogee Institute at Tuskogee, Ala. 

In a recent number of the Southern Workman, the 

magazine of the Hampton Institute, he presented the 

following: 

In the practical application of scientific principles as embodied 

in useful inventions, the negro has long held an 

important place. The publications of Henry E. Baker of 

tlie United States Patent Office set forth a record altogether 

and comparably favorable, 

These inventions run the whole gamut, from Banneker's 

clock in 1754 to Forten's invention of apparatus for managing 

sails, including Lewis's invention of a machine for 

picking oakum; Henry Blair's patents on a corn harvester; 

Williani B. Purvis's patents on electric railways, a fountain 

pen, magnetic car-balancing device, etc.; Dickinson's patents 

for playing the piano; Ferrell's patents for the improvement 

iii valves for steam engines; Benjamin F. J ack " 

son's inventions of different improvements in heating and 

lighting devices, and a controller for a trolley wheel; 

Charles A'. Richey's inventions, including a device for 

registering the calis on a telephone and detecting the unauthorized 

use of that instrument; Granville Wood's inventions; 

the Elijah McCoy inventions; and the inventions 

of John Ernest Matzeliger, including the first machine that 

performed automatically the operations involved in attaching 

soles to shoes. 

Then there are the latter-day and war-time inventions, 

including the war-bombs machine, and air-craft guns, explosive 

bullets, submarines and diving suits.

1.30 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 23, 1920 

To Teach Plumbing in Charlotte Schools 

A course of plumbing, in connection with the manual 

training courses, will be instituted as part of the 

curricula of the Alexander Graham High School and 

the Junior High School, Charlotte, N. C. H. P. 

Harding, superintendent of schools, has stated that 

the board of school commissioners has authorized the 

new course. 

The superintendent was instructed by the board 

to secure the proper man for the teaching of the fundamentals 

of plumbing in conjunction with the other 

vocational training. Steps were also taken looking 

toward the securing of additional equipment for the 

manual training departments of the schools. 

The Use of Open Top Cars 

A committee of the Scrap Iron Divisions of the 

National Association of Waste Material Dealers, Inc., 

made up of H. R. De Groate, Charles A. Barnes, Jacob 

Ciinsburg, together with the secretary of the association 

and traffic counsel, went to Washington to attend 

the hearing granted by the Interstate Commerce 

Commission in reference to Service Order No. 7, which 

provides that open-top equipment suitable for coal 

loading should only be used for such purposes unless 

the cars are moving in the direction of the mines. 

Plundreds of organizations were represented and 

very strong protests were made in reference to this 

order. The scrap iron interests were asked to consolidate 

with the Iron and steel interests and showed that 

even the American Railroad Association had wrongly 

interpreted the order in that they held that it applied 

to all open-top equipment. 

The chairman stated that shipments of scrap iron 

were being re-consigned sometimes as much as five 

and six times and in this connection it was desired to 

emphasize the importance of members making every 

possible effort to avoid re-consignment and not in any 

case more than twice on any shipment and that they 

do everything possible to load and unload cars 

promptly and to load them as heavily as possible. 

Death of Walter A. Mendell 

As the result of a complication of heart and kidney 

trouble, Walter A. Mendell died Tuesday, July 13, 

at his home, 707 Spruce Street, Camden, N. J., in 

the thirty-fifth year of his age. He became interested 

in the plumbing trade and after learning it went 

into business for himself and became an energetic 

and popular young business man. He was a member 

of Camden Lodge of Elks, Camden Lodge of Moose 

and the Fourth and Seventh Ward Republican Clubs. 

He was also a member of the Church of the Immaculate 

Conception, from which church his funeral took 

place. He is survived by his wife and three children. 


Market Sum mar y 

Black and Galvanized Sheets—Receipts regular with no 

lessening of demand. 

Tin Plate—Steady demand for prompt delivery. 

Tin—Demand is light. Prices firm. 

Copper—Continued improvement. Prices hold. 

Lend—Strong with upward price tendency. 

Zinc—Quiet but firm. 

Antimony—Unchanged and quiet. 

Foundry I'ig Iran—Improved interest, particularly' in 

next year delivery. 

Foundry Coke—Demand for spot tonnage. Shipment and 

production curtailed. 

Linseed Oil—Fair demand and prices unchanged. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Demand light. Stocks low. 

Transportation the Governing Factor 

#T| Freight cars are making less mileage now than 

31 they did in 1916 before Government control. 

Rates will have to be advanced and whether 1-3 or 

1-4 is not known. Industries are having trouble in 

netting needed materials and to distribute products. 

Notices have been issued of the advance in price of 

some goods, such as heating boilers and the probable 

advance of sanitary earthenware. Pipe continues 

scarce. Materials •with $46 basic pig iron and $18 

coke and wages high and labor inefficient give no 

immediate prospect that is pleasing to the buying 

•public. 

Roofing plates are scarce because of the demand 

for canners' stock. An indication of the merit of the 

higher cost of goods to-day is the notably better finish 

of galvanized sheets due to the greater vigilance of 

the makers rather than skill of the labor available. 

Collections are reported quite good under the circumstances 

and this should be an incentive to all 

tradesmen not to overlook arranging a date for settlement 

of all the rush work of the fall that will soon 

start. It is not a time to be sure of any position and 

there seems little probability that goods will be procured 

easily or at a lower price. 


New York The quotation of $4-6, furnace for the remainder 

of this year and the first half of next made by a 

leading . irginia interest received a rather chilly reception 

and a very limited tonnage was sold. The company has 

now withdrawn the quotation so far as this year is concerned, 

but is still willing to book for the first naif of next 

year. A slightly increased interest in the market for next 

year is being manifested, and some feelers have been sent 

out by melters. While furnances are; not anxious to contract 

b.r delivery after Jan. 1, several Pennsylvannia and 

at least one Buffalo furnace have named $46 as **>eir


price for the first half of 1921. Some furnaces, preferring 

a await market developments, are declining to quote at 

the present time for next year's delivery. The expected advance 

of about 18 per cent, in freight rates will make an additional 

heavy handicap on shipments from Southern points, 

particularly Tennessee and Alabama. 

We quote for deliverv in New York as follows: 

East. Pa., No. 1 fdy., sil. 2.75 to 3.25.$50.05 to $51.05 

East. Pa., No. 2X 1'dy., sil. 2.25 to 2.75 49.05 to 50.05 

East. Pa., No. 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 47.80 to 48.80 

No. 2X, Virginia, sil. 2.25 to 275... 50.85 

Chicago.— The market is noteworthy not only because 

of the appearance of considerable third quarter and last 

half tonnage, but because some 1921 business has been closed 

and more is before the trade. Two sales involving several 

thousand tons of foundry for shipment in the first half of 

next year have been closed at $16 base, Ohio furance. The 

demand for prompt and third quarter iron is steadily becoming 

more active, this being attributed to the desire of 

melters to secure deliveries before the anticipated freight 

advance takes effect. 

The following quotations are for iron delivered, at consumers' 

yards except those for Northern foundry and 

steel-making - irons, which are f.o.b. furnace and do not 


Northern coke No. 1, sil. 2.25 to 2.75, last half 47.25 

Northern coke No. 1 spot 47.25 

Northern coke foundry, No. 2, sil, 1.75 to 2.25 

last half 45.00 

Northern coke, No. 2. spot 45.00 

Northern high phos., last half . 45.00 

Southern coke. No. 1 foundry and No. 1 soft 

sil. 2.75 to 3.25 50.20 

Southern coke, No. 2 foundry sil. 2.25 to 2.75 48.70 

Southern foundry sil. 1.75 to 2.25 47.00 

Philadelphia.— In foundry iron there is some inquiry, 

but consumers are mainly concerned in getting shipments 

of iron already contracted for. The shipping situation 

shows little or no improvement, and some merchant furnaces 

in the East are piling iron. The coke shortage is crucial, 

and unless there is improvement soon, more furnaces will 

be banked. Up to $19 and $20 nave been obtained for 

furnace coke for prompt shipment, and like prices prevail 

on foundry coke. 

The following quotations are for iron delivered in consumers' 

yards in Philadelphia or vicinitv. 

East Pa. No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil.$46.90 to $49.10 

East. Pa. No. 2X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil.... 48.15 to 50.35 


Virginia No. 2X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil.... 50.35 to 51.35 

Cincinnati.—While the market cannot be termed active 

more inquires are being received than has been the case 

for many weeks. Most of these are for fill-in tonnages for 

prompt delivery and range all the way lrom carload lots 

to 500 tons. 

Based on freight rates of $3.60 from Birmingham ana 

$1.80 from Ironton. we quote f.o.b. Cincinnati: 

Southern coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (base price) . $45.60 

Southern coke, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 (No. 2 soft).. 46.85 

Southern Ohio coke. sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (No. 2). 46.80 

Cleveland.— A number of additional inquires have come 

out for foundry pig iron for delivery next year. Some of 

the producers report that they were unable to ship as much 

pig iron last week as during the few previous weeks owing 

to the scarcity of the car supply. A local furnace interest 

was able to ship only half of its make. Considerable Buffalo 

iron is being shipped east by barges. Many foundries 

are asking furnaces to anticipate shipments in order to 

get their iron in stock before the advance in freight rates. 

We quote delivered Cleveland as follows, based on 40c. 

switching charge for local iron, a $1.40 freight rate from 

Valley points, and $5 from Birmingham: 

Northern, No. 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 $45.40 

Southern foundry, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 48.70 

Ohio silvery, sil. 8 per cent 60.40 

Old Materials 

Scrap Iron, New Vork.—The market remains stagnant. 

One Xew York broker has raised buying prices slightly 

over a week ago. 


quoting to local foundries, per gross ton' 

No. i machinery cast ' $38.00 to $39.00 

No. 1 heavy cast (columns, huilding 

materials, etc.), cupola size 37.00 to 3S 00 

No. 1 heavy cast, not cupola size... 31.00 to 32 00 

No. 2 cast (radiators, cast boilers 

T etc > •• 31.00 to 32.00 

Iron and steel pipe (1 in. min. diam., 

not under 2 ft. long) 17.50 to 18.00 


Scrap Iron, Chicago.—The market is dull. Transportation 

remains a decided brake on business, but a slight 

improvement has been noted since the Commerce Commission 

order covering open-top cars was modified to the extent 

of permitting the unrestricted use of cars with sides up to 

36 in. Box cars, also_ are being used more extensively, 

particularly in shipments to foundries. One rolling mill 

has also agreed to accept shipments in that type of equipment. 



Per Net Ton 

No. 1 cast $36.00 to $37.00 


Locomotive tires, smooth 23.50 tp 24.00 




Grate bars 28.00 to 29.On 

Brake shoes 24.50 to 25.on 


Agricultural malleable 26.00 to 26.5U 


Scrap Iron, Pittsburgli.—N'o material change is observed 

in scrap iron and steel prices, but this fact finds 

its chief explanation in the fact that trading is much circumscribed 

by the railroad situation, which makes impossible 

the loading of open-top cars with sides of less than 

36 in. except in the direction, while the movement of loaded 

cars is entirely by permit. The railroads are issuing 

permits only when evidence i.s presented to show that the 

material is going to a point where it will be unloaded, and 

that the cars will not be shunted from one point to another 

in the effort of the shipper to find an outlet. Users of machine 

shop turnings have big stocks in their yards and are 

practically out of the market for fresh supplies at present. 

Sales of short shoveling turnings are noted at $18 per 

gross ton delivered. Cast scrap of all sorts remains scarce 

and prices are very firm. On account of the poor deliveries 

of pig iron, non-intergrated steel makers would pay up 

to $34, delivered, for heavy breakable cast. 

We quote for deliverv to consumers' mills in the Pittsburgh 

and other districts that take Pittsburgh freight 

rates as follows: 




Sheet bar crop ends (at origin) .... 26.00 to 27.011 

Heavv steel axle turnings 20.50 to 21.00 

Heavv malleable cast 33.00 to 34.00 

Cast iron borings 17.75 to IS.25 


Old Metals, New Vork—Inquiry has been better 

though actual business was not heavy. Holders of material 

are generally firm in their ideas of values. 

buying prices are as follows: 

Copper, heavy and crucible 16.00 

Dealers' 

Copper, heavy and crusible 16.00 

Copper, heavy and wire 15 00 

Copper, light and bottoms 13.00 

Brass, heavy WW, 

Brass, light 

Heavv machine composition 

1r .!• 

%'tn 

Nn. 1 vellow brass turnings 9.50 

No. 1 red brass or composition turning.. 12 25 

Lead, heavy "A"A 

Lead, tea A„" 

Zinc 

5 -° 

Old Metals, Chicago.—The market is quiet and lead 

pipe has advanced. Dealers' buying prices for less than 

carload lots are: 

Red, brass $1 2'nn 

Yellow- brass, heavy »•»« 

Yellow brass, borings W !• \ 

Heavy wire i-'-n 

Heavv conner io'cn 

Copper clips •. ]•'•:' 

Copper bottoms ii.ou

132 METAI. WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 23, 1920 


Tea lead 3.00 

Tin foil '...'." 30^00 

Block tin pipe 40.no 

Zinc 4 jr, 

Pewter, No. 1 \ 25.00 

Old Metals, Boston.— Continued dullness has resulted 

in few changes in the demand for old metals. With increasing 

demand for export more activity is expected. White 

metals are in demand. Dealers are nominally paving as 

follows: 


Heavy scrap copper 15.no to 15.50 


Heavy mch. comp., red brass 15.50 to 16.00 

Comp. turnings, No. 1 13.50 to 14.00 




Lead, solid 6 75 to 7 25 

zin c 5.00 to 5.25 

Pe-wter No. 1 36.00 to 38.00 

Clean cast aluminum 24.0.0 to 24.5n 

New aluminum clippings 25.00 to 26'on 


Old Rubber.— Market i.s very dull and some prices have 

declined on account of continued'absence of demand. AVholesale 

dealers' buying quotations are: 

Boots and shoes 6 to 6 : 4 

Trimmed arctics 434 to 5 

Auto tires 2 2-5 to 2 3-5 

Bicycle tires 11.. to 1% 

Solid tires ' 2 to _ 1/. 

No. 1 inner tubes Ill:, to 12 i. 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4 1 /, 

Mixed red scrap 314 to 4 ~ 

Mixed black scrap \A, to 2 

Cotton fire hose a4 to 114 

Garden hose 34 ^0 j 

OM Bags.—Seasonal dullness continues and lower prices 

have resulted through dealers' not being able to hold material. 

Wholesale dealers' prices are: 

No. 1 whites $10.50 to $11 00 

No. 2 whites : 5.75 to 6.00 

Thirds and blues 3.50 to 3 75 

Straight garments 2.10 to 2 20 

Hard back carp'ets 1.90 to 2.00 

Soft back carpets 4,25 to 4 50 

Paper Stock.—There is a good demand and the supply 

of pulp is still unable to satisfy consuming requirements, 

althought production has been increasing. Wholesale dealers' 

buying quotations for Xew York are: 




Black and Galvanized Sheets.—As a result of the 

cleaning up the freight congestion in the middle West, more 

carloads of sheets are arriving than usual but they are not 

sufficient to meet the demand since they were sold months 

ago. 

Tin I'late.— The mills have plenty of orders but car 

shortage prevents shipment of even the 70 percent production 

at which they are now running. 

Copper.—Lack of interest by domestic consumers in 

future prevails and those needing prompt metal are covered. 

covered. 

Tin.—Absence of demand and inquiries from consumers 

characterizes this market. 

Lead.—Producers have none to spare and continued 

stringency is bringing out more inquiry for later shipments. 

Zinc.—Consumers are not active. Stocks are admittedly 

declining and production is not heavy. Labor conditions 

are still bad with the producers. 

Antimony.—There is more inquiry for futures. 

Tin Plate, Pittsburgh.— This product is one where the 

pressure for supplies shows no material relaxation. Notwithstanding 

the preference granted in the matter of car 

supplies and cars are so scarce that early relief appears un- 

C'oinmerce Commission, for the movement of perishable 

food container plates, the can companies still are short of 

supplies and cars are so scarce that early relief apepars unlikely. 

Stocks at the various mills, though much lighter 

than they were recently, still are heavy, no less than 105 

Eliminating 

Vitiated Air 

'"PO be healthful, the air in any kind of building must 

be kept clean and fresh. A constant circulation of 

air and prompt elimination of vitiated air are secured by 

the use of the Burt Ventilator. 

Tbe Burt Glass-Topped Ventilator also serves as an auxiliary 

skylight, this feature in no way interfering with its 

functions as a ventilator. 

Further details will be supplied on request. 


300 Main Street, Akron, Ohio 

George W. Reed & Co., Montreal, Sole Manufacturer of Burt 

Ventilators for Canada

N. 


carloads being held at the Xew Kensington, Pa., plant of 

the American Sheet & Tin Plate Co. This company has 

about 60 per cent of its tin plate capacity in operation, but 

independent mills are more fully engaged, and the average 

for the entire industry is estimated at about 75 per cent. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh.— Business is quiet< not because of 

lack of demand, hut because makers generally have bookings 

sufficient to engage capacity well over tlie remainder 

of this year. Some of the independent makers are taking 

on a little third quarter tonnage for which they are obtaining 

extremely fancy prices, sales of black sheets, galvanized 

and blue annealed being rated at prices quoted in our 

current market. Some rather good-sized tonnages of the 

latter for delivery in tlie present quarter recently have been 

hooked at approximately the same prices. 


Linseed Oil Fair demand for spot oil has developed 

but indications are that lower prices are expected. In 

lots of 5bbl. and over, city raw American seed is quoted 

at $1.56 to $1.66, and out-of-town raw American seed is 

$1.56 to $1.66. In lots of less than 5 bbl. '3c more per gallon 

is asked. Boiled oil brings '2c more per gallon than raw 

oil. 

Spirits of Turpentine.— Demand is rather light but 

stocks are at low ebb. In machine barrels in yard, the wholesale 

price is quoted at $1.65%. 

Rosin.— Prices unchanged. Stocks fair. Demand moderate. 

On the basis of 280 lbs. to the barrel, the wholesale 

priee of common-to-good strained is $12.15. Grade D is 

$16.40. 

Iron and Steel Pipe.— Conditions still are extremelyacute 

as far as supplies are concerned, as all makers, 

especially the Xational Tube Co., still are suffering from 

the shortage of railroad cars. Jobbers in the Pittsburgh 

district have been able to get some material by motor truck, 

but beeause of the high cost have cut their basing discounts 

on both black and galvanized steel pipe five points, wdiich 

is equivalent to an "advance of $10 per ton. Discounts on 

the base charges now quoted by jobbers are 4ly2 per cent 

on black and 26% per cent on galvanized. 

Foundry Coke.— The market here has strengthened 

further since last reports, with sales of prompt furnace 

fuel now being done as high as $18.50 per net ton at oven. 

N'o recent prompt shipment business in foundry coke has 

been at less than $18 per net ton at oven and $19 has been 

the more common figure on such business. Tbe continued 

strength of the market may be explained by the fact that 

car placements still are inadequate for any material increase 

in production while the availability of coal cars and 

extremely attractive prices which prevail for that commodity 

cause' some operators to pay little attention to their coke 

obligations. One prominent producer, most of whose coke 

production had been sold on contract over the remainder of 

the year, at an extremely low price compared with contract 

prices in general is reported to be shipping practically nothing 

but coal at present. This devepopment forces customers 

of this producer into the market for spot tonnage and 

is one of the contributary causes of the present high prices. 

While it is by no means a general condition, a number of 

coke producers are making only feeble efforts to supply tonnages 

on contracts because of the much higher prices which 

can be obtained for spot tonnages. Virtually none of the 

contracts placed for last half furnace coke made at fixed 

prices call for a higher figure than $12 per net ton at oven, 

and in the scale contracts based on the prices of Valley 

basic pig iron, maximum prices of from $10 and $12 were 

named in most of them. The full range of prices on furnace 

eoke is from $17 to $18.50 per net ton at oven and on spot 

foundry grade, about $1 per ton higher. 

FROST-PROOF 

CLOSETS 

are helping plumbers to 

build bigger business 

from existing buildings 

Your customers who i re postponing 

new building operation will be glad 

to avail themselves of the convenience 

of the VOGEL in unheated places, 

such as the garage, back porch or 

yard. 

You can meet this demand 

with the VOGEL. 

It is simple to install. 

All ready assembled and 

tested when you get it. 

Xo pit needed. 

Ask your jobber or 

send to us for catalogue. 


Wilmington 

Delaware 

Our Convention Issue Splendid 

A following letter is received saying some nice 

things about the Convention Number of the METAL 

WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER. 

CENTRAL FOUNDRY COMPANY 

Manufacturers of Soil Pipe Fittings, Universal Pipe 

and General Castings 

Xew Vork, July 9, 1920. 

Metal Worker, Plumlier and Steam Fitter, 


Xew York. 

GENTLEMEN: 

This will acknowledge the receipt and thank you for 

your letter and the information it contained. We have 

noted the items referred to in what we consider a very 

splendid Convention issue of .METAL WORKEU, PLUMBEB AND 

STEAM FITTER. 

Wishing you continued success in your endeavors, and 

thanking you for the interest, we are, 

, ery truly, 

CENTRAL FOUNDRY COMPANY. 

By C. W. Presdee, 

Advertising Manager.

134 










July 23, 1920 








ALUMINUM- 

5 in 4.25 4.05 3.00 ROSIN— 

NO. 1 aluminum guaranteed over 5H in 4.90 4.50 3.50 Common to good strained (whole 

99'o pure, in ingots for remelt 6 in 5.05 4.75 4.00 sale), 280 lbs., per bbl $12.15 

ing, 1004b. lots—37 to 39c. 7 in 6.50 7.50 SHEETS— 

ANTIMONY— 

ELBOWS AND SHOES— 


Chinese and Japanese, per lb. Galvanized Steel- 

Cents per lb. 

10c to 12c Plain Round and Corrugated- No. 10, per lb 6.50-8.00 


All sizes up to 6 in 5C% No. 12, per lb 6.55-8.05 

Base price Nominal Square— 

No. 14, per lb 6.60-8.10 

BISMUTH— 

Square 40% No. 16, per lb 6.70-8.20 

Per lb $4.00 to $4.50 Copper- 


CONDUCTORS— 


Soft Steel 

Corrugated- 

Furnace Pipe and Fittings- No. 18 to 20, per lb 7.80- 9.80 


Standard list..Prices on application No. 22 to 24, per lb 7.85- 9.85 

Galvanized steel 30% LEAD— 

No. 26, per lb 7.90- 9.90 

Toncan or ingot 15% American Pig, per lb. ..10J_c to lie No. 27, per lb 7.95- 9.95 

Copper 10% Bar, per lb ll!_c to 12c No. 28, per lb 8.00-10.00 


METAL LATH— 

No. 29, per lb 8.05-10.05 

Galvanized 20% Under 100 sq. yd. per sq. yd. 40c No. 30, per lb 8.25-10.25 

Spiral Riveted— 



Galvanized On application Leads- 

10c higlier 

(See also elbows and shoes; Lead, American White, in Oil, Wellsville Polished— 

Eaves Trough Mitres; Strainers, kegs less than 500 lbs., 15}_c 20 gauge 11.10c 

Conductor.) 

Lead, White, in Oil, 25-lb. tin 22 and 24 gauge 11.20c 


pails; add to keg price J4c 26 gauge 11.30c 

(See Strainers, Conductor.) Lead, Red, in Oil, less than 500 28 gauge 11.50c 

COPPER— 

lbs., 15c 

Galvanized— 

Lake ingot 21J_-22J_c Dry Colors— 

Cents per lb. 


Nos. 12 and 14 9.10-10.60 

Casting 20-21C 

Per 100 lbs., 2)_ to 5c No. 16 9.25-10.75 

COPPER SHEETS 


Nos. 18 and 20 9.40-10.90 

Hot Rolled, 24-oz. base price, per Brown, per ton $32.00 to $36.00 Nos. 22 and 24 9.25-11.05 

lb., 29!_c mill. 

Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 No. 26 9.70-11.20 


No. 27 9.85-11.35 

and over. 

Linseed, City Raw $1.56 to $1.66 No. 28 10.00-11.50 

For less than 100-lb. lots, 2c per Ib. Linseed, Boiled, advance, per No. 30 10.S0-12.S0 

advance. 

gal 2c No. 28 and lighter, 36 in. wide, 

Colled Rolled, 2c 14 and heavier Out of Town American Seed 

20c higher 

per lb. advance over hot rolled. at $1.56 to $1.66 Corrugated Roofing—Galvanized— 


Spirits Turpentine— 

2J_ in. corrugations, 30 per 100 lbs. 

long 48 in. In Machine Bbl $1.65 over flat sheets. 

and to PUTTY— 

Corrugated Roofing—Paintedless 

96.in. Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c Prices quoted on application. 

sq. ft. sq. tt. In 1-lb to 5-lb. tins, 6.00 to 7.35c 2 

10 in. wide and under 6c 7c REGISTERS— 

10 in. to 36 in. wide... 5c 6c Cast Iron 10% 

Over 36 in. wide 8c 9c Semi-Steel or Steel, in Black for 

Planished, lj_c per sq. ft. more White Japan or Electro plate and 

than Polished. 

Small Faces and Borders 20% 

Bottom, Pitts and Flats, 24 oz. Wall Frames 20% 

base and heavier, per lb 38c Large Faced, 14 x 14 in. and 

Tinning— 96. in. 

larger 40% 

long 


and Over Base Board Intakes 20% 

less 96.in. White Enameled Goods 5% 

sq. ft. sq. ft. Solid Brass or Bronze Goods, ex 

20 in. wide and under 5c 6c cept Grilles Net 

Over 20 in. to 48 in. wide 6c 7c Grilles in Black and White Japan 

Over 48 in. wide .... 7c 8c or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain 


Lattice, Design. Smaller than 

Galvanized—Toncan or ingot, 25% 14 x 14 in., 



Copper 10% ROOFING MATERIAL— 




$102.00 



ELBOWS— 


Xo. 1 No. 2 No. 3 3-Ply Tarred Paper 2.00 

4 in $4.00 $3.90$ 2.75 Rosin Sized Sheathing, 

4*7i in 4.10 3.95 2.85 


Roofing Pitch, per ton $30.00 

Open per lb ' 15c 

r Prices of Solder indicated by 

private brands very according to 

composition. 



1-lb. cans, each 60 

5-!b. cans, each $3.00 


Gallon $1.25 




gal $1.75 




per Ib. 


4c per Ib. 

STRAINERS, CONDUCTOR— 

2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 

Copper $2.80 $3.75 $5.75 $9.00 dz. 

Galv 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 dz. 



Straits, in bars, per lb—57c to 62c 


Charcoal Plates—Bright— 



IC, 14 x 20 $16.50 

IX, 14 x 20 18.75 

IXX, 14 x 20 20.50 

IXXX, 14 x 20 22.25 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 

"A" Charcoal Allaways Grade: 

IC, 14x20 $14.25 

IX, 14 x 20 16.25 

IXX. 14 x 20 18.00 

IXXX, 14 x 20 19.75 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 21.50 



_-in. Corrugation 

80-lb $11.80 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

90-lb 11.90 

No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

100-lb? 12.00 

No. 26, per 100 sq. ft. 

IC 13.25 

No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

IX 13.25 


IXX 14.25 

F. O. B. cars, Quarry Station. IXXX 15.25 

Per Square IXXXX 16.25 

According Terne Plate- 

Pennsylvania— to size Small lots, 8-lb. Coating: 

Best Bangor $8.00 to $11.00 100-lb., 14 x 20 $9.35 

No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 IC. 14 x 20 9.50 

Pen Argyl 7.75 to 8.25 IX, 14 x 20 10.50 

Peach Bottom 10.50 to 12.50 IC, 14 x 20 Stamped and Re 

No. 1 Chapman 7.75 to 8.75 squared: 

Vermont- 


No. 1 Sea Green $5.00 to $8.50 15-lb. Coating 11.75 

STORM-PROOF 

Unfading Green 6.50 to 13.50 20-lb. Coating 12.25 

Red 22.00 30-lb. Coating 13.50 

Maine— 



M. F. Grade 13.50 

No. 1 $14.00 40-lb Coating 15.00 

Slaters felt, 30-lb roll 2 00 WASTE COTTON— 

is the Ventilator with 40-lb. a roll constant 2.25 Per lb. in 5-lb. bags 22c 

SOLDER— 


J_ STRONG, to J_ guaranteed STEADY 37'_c Western PULL Slabs 10-llc 

No- 1 outward of impure 34'_c air, Sheets etc. No. 9 base casks W/2C 

ROYALS Refined VENTILATE FROM 30c THE GROUND UP 

quickly removing all foul air, gases, etc., supplying instead Pure, 



The ROYAL, is built for DURABILITY and HIGHEST efficiency. 

Made to any size, round or rectangular metal or glass 


Send for Catalogue explaining why ROYALS should be placed 

Patented 


THE ROYAL 

Please quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBER ROYAL AND STEA.I VENTILATOR FITTER 

COMPANY 

420 LOCUST STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Metal 

Plumber & St earn Fitter 

FLORAL PARK, X. Y„ JULY 30, 19-0. 



m m 



VOLUME 94, Xo. 

Art Work For Craftsman's Spare Hours 

FIG. _. SHOWING. METHOD OF 

FILLING UPPER TANK 

FIG. 5. DOOR IN BASE FOR 

EMPTYING LOWER TANK 

Sheet Bronze Aquarium and Stand With Fountain Operated By Two Tanks 

By IV. H. Gruening 

A N aquarium very much different from any found 

on the market is shown by the accompanying 

pictures and drawing. Although the principle 

of operating a fountain by producing an air pressure 

in two tanks through a column of water is well known, 

especially abroad, the application of same to an 

aquarium as introduced here and as will be explained 

in this article, as well as the design and construction 

of aquarium and stand, is entirely new. 

A fountain in connection with an aquarium, particularly 

if operated independent of any outside source, 

adds to the natural beauty of aquaria life and makes 

a novelty of this kind more interesting. Stone grottos 

and running water have always been considered 

desirable additions. 

The outstanding features here are the two tanks 

concealed in a part of its makeup and the height of 

lhe colunin of water also arranged inconspicuously 

by which is created a fountain spray which reaches 

a height of 18 in. at first and lasts about 5 hr. 

The unusual height of the column of water, as will 

be seen by inspection of the section in the drawing, 

Fig. 1, was made possible by placing the fountain 

reservoir in the shape of a hammered flower design 

above the aquarium proper. Fig. 2 shows that this 

reservoir may be used as a fern holder when the 

fountain is not operated by nesting a zinc lining of 

a similar shape into same. 

In planning work of this character the sheet metal 

mechanic will find the principal difficulty in keeping 

tlie design well balanced, viz.. not to have it top or 

bottom heavy. It is not an uncommon thing for a 

designer to have one or another part out of proportion, 

as drawings .are often very deceiving. This as 

sertion will be found correct when the drawing and 

the pictures are compared with one another. 

Certain parts and members in the photograph, it 

will be observed, appear more graceful than they do 

in the drawing. The difficulty will be greatly minimized 

if the projection of the various parts and their 

relative position to the eye of the observer are borne 

in mind when designing such work. 

Before a word is said about the construction and

136 M E T A L \Y ORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 30, 1920 

the working principles of the fountain, it should be 

mentioned that the work was carried out by a number 

of advanced students of the Sheet Metal Department 

of the Baron de Hirsch Trade School, New York 

Citv. The finishing was also down by the boys. 

The stand was painted white and when finished 

with marble dust it resembled stone. The rich color 

of the polished bronze aquarium added very much 

to the effect. 

Besides the experience gained by this work, as a 

novelty feature in the exhibition of tlie students' work, 

properly displayed witli plant and fish life and illuminated 

by well-placed electric lights of subdued 

color, it served to draw the crowd—the crowd which 

prefers the flash of an electric sign in the Flectrical 

Department and the machine in the Auto Mechanic 

Shop to the blowpipe or any other kind of a system 

in the Sheet Metal Department. 

The working principles of the fountain will readily 

be understood by the reader if he will look over the 

drawing first and study the layout of tanks and piping. 

It will be noticed tbat the aquarium 

tank proper is not connected with 

the tanks but that all the piping is 

carried tlirougli a 1-in. diameter tinned 

brass tube whicli i.s soldered water-tight 

to the tinned copper bottom and reinforced 

by a conical boss made of the 

same metal. Anotlier tube, 1 in. diameter, 

was soldered into the upper tank 

in the stand to permit the passing 

through of the %-in. brass tube whieli 

is connected water-tight to the bottom 

of the ornamental fountain reservoir by 

means of leather washers. This tube, 

which extends down to within X's in. 

from the bottom of the lower tank, having 

been soldered air-tight at the point 

where it enters the tank, furnishes tiie 

water column upon the height of which 

depends the height of the fountain 

spray. 

It is known that it is not the diameter 

but the height which creates the 

pressure, which is 1 lb. per square inch 

when the column of water is a little over 

27 in. high. In otlier words, a column 

27 in. high will create a pressure sufficient 

to raise 1 lb. 1 in. per square inch. 

The higlier the colunin, the greater the 

pressure, and it is this pressure which 

compresses the air locked in, therebyforcing 

out thc waler out of the upper 

tank by way of a tube leading from 

within y8 in. from the bottom of that 

tank to the nozzle, whieh has a very 

fine hole. A close study of the drawing- 

Mill explain the rest, or rather enable 

the reader to solve the problem and understand 

the means to the end. 

In order to operate fountain the upper 

tank in thc stand is filled and closed 

tight by means of a screw cap, n_ sliowi 

at the right in the section. Then the 

reservoir and tube is filled, which will 

start the fountain at once. The sj^ray of the fountain 

keeps the reservoir filled and as the lower tank 

gradually fills the upper tank is being emptied. After 

5 hr. it is necessary to draw off the water and refill 

the upper tank. 

It might be well to state that the water which falls 

over the edge and drips from the edge of the reservoir 

is well aerated which is so vital to the growth of the 

inmates and replenishes the amount of water which 

evaporates. 

The stand was made of various gages of galvanized 

iron as strength and rigidity is an important factor on 

account of the weight of water in the tanks. For the 

base for instance and all the flat parts of the shaft 

No. 22 iron was used also for the table part while 

lighter material answered for all the non-supporting 

parts. The aquarium proper was made of No. 24 and 

No. 22 soft bronze. 

For the bezel on the inside of the cap molding No. 

9 zinc was used, which was finished in white enamel. 

The fountain reservoir was hammered up from a 14 

•SHEET BRONZE AQUARIUM AND STAND 

;WITH FOUNTAIN OPERATED BY TTO^TANKS". 

FIG. 1. DETAILS FOR CONSTRUCTING FOUNTAIN AQUARIUS AND STAND

JULY 30, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

FIG. 2. SHOWING 

AQUARIUM AND STAND, 

FERNS PLANTED IN A 

ZINC LINING ARE 

PLACED IN RESERVIOR 

WHEN FOUNTAIN Is 

XOT OPERATED. 

inch diameter 24 oz. soft copper bottom and was 

nickel plated. For the inside tanks 18 oz. cold rolled 

copper was used. 

The Woodworking Department was called upon to 

furnish the wooden bottom for the aquarium which 

was cross veneered, and made in two parts. Cross 

cleats held them in position. The wooden bottom for 

the stand is shown in Fig. 3. Both bottoms were 

painted to keep from warping. 

Noteworthy features in the construction are the 

manner of fastening the base and cap molding to the 

corner-posts by means of brass screws. The nuts 

were soldered in the ends of the posts which eliminated 

the soldering and scraping to a considerable extent. 

The gored soffit of the stand is reinforced and 

kept level by a set of band iron braces whieh are 

FIG. 6, AT LEFT. SHOWING DOOR IN BACK 

PAKEL 

FIG. 7, IN CENTER. SHOWING FOUNTAIN IN 

OPERATION- 

FIG. 8, AT RIGHT. SHOWING FERN IN PLACE 

OF FOUNTAIN 

fastened to a centre ring and to the top edge of the 

shaft by means of machine screws and thus also furnish 

the support for the aquarium. 

It should also be noted that the construction permits 

the removal of the table as well as the base part of 

the stand so that the tanks may be taken out if it 

ever becomes necessary. 

The height of the stand is 36 inch not including 

the rollers and the width is 29 inch diameter measuring 

the extreme width of the cirular molding. Thc 

aquarium is I6V2 '»• across the flats between the 

glass and lOlA in. from bottom of base to top of cap. 

The capacity of the tanks is 2.5 gal. 

In explanation of Fig. -1, attention is called to the 

arrangement of the faucet in the square tank facilitating 

the filling of the upper tank. The capacity 

of the tanks is equal. A flat tank low enough to be 

placed under the stand for emptying the lower tank 

may be seen in Fig. 5. The space in the shaft was 

made available for the storing of utensils such as are 

used in connection with the maintenance of an aquarium 

by changing one panel into a door as shown by 

big. 6. In Fig. 7 and 8 two other views are presented 

with fountain in operation and the other when 

flower is used as a fern holder respectively. 

As a summary exposition of Drawing in many of 

its branches Shop Mathematics as applied to the 

figuring of circumferences, capacities of tanks and 

weights, etc., and Practical Sheet Metal Work, this 

novelty aquarium stands alone. 

With reference to drawing the student mav be afforded 

an opportunity to test his knowledge and abilitv 

in sketching freehand, mechnical, geometrical and 

architectural drawing, priniples of projection, intersections 

and developments which all together sum up 

in the efficiency of pattern drafting. 

For an example in applied mathematics the student 

may give himself the following problems to solve: 

Figure the contents in gallons of a square tank 12 

x 12x1 in., as shown in Fig. 4. What should be tbe 

height of a cylindrical tank of the same capacity, the 

diameter of which is 12 in. What is the weight of 

thc water in an hexagonal tank which measures 16 x /2 

inch high and soforth. 

As to the practical work, such exercises may be 

mentioned as the forming and double seaming round 

tanks, cutting out forming up and assembling panels, 

brackets ornaments, plant pots etc., using raising 

hammer and lead block for circular molding. The 

working in the different metals should also be men-


tioned. The practice afforded on the various machines 

and bench tools as well as the extensive use 

of hand tools among which may not only be found 

lianimer and snips but also hand drill tap wrench 

hand champs and trammels, etc., add considerably to 

the satisfaction of doing work of this class. 

Considering the variety of practical jobs that must 

be dene to complete the whole and the training they 

afford, it certainly is astonishing to find comparatively 

few who grasp the opportunities which were 

FIG. 3. SHOWING WOODEN BOTTOM FOR BASE OF STAND 

never offered to older mechanics, having the many 

evening schools with their splendid equipment in 

mind. How much greater is the advantage of the 

city boy over his cousin of the countrv. 

Outside tlie fact that undertakings in the direction 

as exemplified here in this article may bring fourth 

new ideas, such work has no commercial value and 

hence does not interfere with outside economic conditions. 

It is tlierefore by far more profitable than 

the production work as is practiced in some of the 

industrial schools in the country. 

Annual Vacations for Workers 

Commended 

The wage earner in the works is made of the same 

stuff as thc salaried employee in the office. Office employees 

everywhere are now granted annual vacations 

with pav. But how many concerns arrange annual 

vacations for their wage earners, with or without pay? 

Labor has been demanding so many liberties and privileges 

during the last two or three years that a great 

manv people have lost patience with the union leaders 

who have been the champions of such demands. The 

feeling is now widspread that hours of work have been 

cut down too much and that strongly organized bodies 

of workmen are giving less than they get. 

Admitting that there is room for complaint on this 

score, nevertheless this question of annual vacations 

1' :r wage earners is one which ought to be taken up 

;\:\d maturely considered. Human nature being a.s it 

i ,. not many of those who perform more or less monotonous 

tasks day-in, day-out. and year-in, year-out 

i an go on doing good work without a respite. The 

effect of being compelled to toil on every week and 

every year is bad. In time those condemned to such 

a grind feel dissatisfied, discontented, irritable, ready 

to listen to radical, not to say revolutionary, suggestions 

for overturning the whole scheme of things. Vacations 

are desirable also in the interest of home life 

—particularly now that we have prohibition. 

The advisability of instituting annual vacations for 

wage earners is not to be considered from purely the 

sentimental point of view. It is less a question of 

philanthropy than of good business and sound public 

policy. Of course, we all know that many alien workmen 

want to work long hours every day without a 

breathing spell. But the running of the industry in 

this country should not be lowered to the level of these 

transients who come here only with the thought of 

making money quickly .and returning home. The plane 

on whieh industry is conducted has so much to do with 

the plane of life .and living in America that the constant 

aim must be not to lower it but raise it.—Forbes 

Magazine ( N. Y.) 

Recipes From an Old Scrap Book


Radically Different Treatment of Existing Fuel, 

Heating Surface and Air Travel Principles Needed 

The Warm Air Furnace of the Future 

It Will Be a Much Changed Article 

By R. W. Menk* 

T O speak of the future without at least some reference 

to the past would be to ignore all that 

has paved the way to our present state of civilization. 

In early days manufacturers were not interested in 

the subject of economy; things were too new; industrial 

development was too rapid; competition was not 

intense. Resources seemed inexhaustible—we stupidly 

blundered on while all around us waste of every 

description held royal carnival. The soil was half 

cultivated and less than half cared for. Our great 

forests of splendid pine were ruthlessly destroyed. 

The sky was red with flaming gas wells in Indiana 

and Ohio. 

No one seemed to think that our rich soil would 

ever become impoverished—that the time might arrive 

when we could not live in wooden houses because 

there would be no suitable wood with which to build 

them, and that our great stores of natural gas would 

ever become exhausted. We went blindly forward 

from year to year wasting enough to feed and clothe 

one-half of Europe. The time has come to pay the 

piper and it is a mighty long bill. 

This refers to the general trend of the present 

efficiency movement because of its compelling importance 

and in order that what is to follow may gain 

some emphasis. 

The past has done its part; the work and the effort 

has all been necessary. Each generation has 

contributed its part to the development of our existence 

and this is also true of the warm-air furnace. 

The increase in the efficiencv of the house heating 

in the last 25 years has not kept pace with many 

other lines. We have added a few features here and 

there, but not very radical changes have been introduced. 

This is not so in the power world. There 

are systems today wherein you may take a power 

boiler of standard construction and can develop 200 

or 300 per cent above its normal rating. 

A veteran furnace manufacturer stated some ,time 

ago that there had been a woeful lack of progress 

exhibited by furnace manufacturers during the past 

40 years. A reason for this may be 

Performance found in the ease with which it has 

Guarantee a been possible to market year after year 

Future De- the same type of heater with which 

mand the trade has been familiar for decades 

and which has rendered in most cases 

satisfaction to the user simply because of his lack 

of knowledge of what a heater should do. What was 

satisfactory a few years ago in the matter of fuel con- 

* Paper presented at meeting of Western Warm Air 

Manufacturers and Supply Association, Peoria. 

t Manager, .Furnace Dept. Excelsior Steel Furnace 

Co., Chicago. 

sumption will no longer fill the bill. With the cost 

of living mounting constantly the time is at hand when 

the house owner will demand of the dealer a guaranty 

of the number of tons of coal to be burned by the 

apparatus which he proposes to install and the dealer 

will demand of the maker a bond covering the 

performance of the heater which the dealer is handling. 

This will bring about a decided change in the manner 

of conducting the warm air furnace business as 

well as to cause greater attention to building construction. 

It will cause the manufacturer to study 

construction and the laws of heating. It will no longer 

be possible for the maufacturer to melt a given 

quantity of pig iron into the furnaces and sell them at 

so many cents per pound without reference to the 

distribution of the metal or the results to be obtained 

therefrom. He will have to get down to brass tacks 

and know just what his apparatus will do and stand 

back erf it. He cannot take the formulas of others 

which may have been worked out by theorists who 

have made money from the foundry end of the business 

and who have had no practical experience in the 

installation of furnaces or whose experience with the 

same has been confined to a small section of the 

country. 

It has been the custom on the part of furnace 

manufacturers to market their product through the 

dealer using salesmen in locating agencies. In but 

few instances are these salesmen practical furnacemen. 

In many cases they are stove salesmen, whose 

employers have added a furnace to their line, and 

agencies are established on account of the reputation 

of the stove end of the business. Very naturally the 

results have not been satisfactory to dealer or user 

in a majority of installations and the furnace industry 

has suffered in consequence. 

Many furnaces in the past have fairly good results 

and previous to the recent large advances in the price 

of fuel the difference of a ton or two of coal did not 

materially affect the average consumer provided he 

kept his house warm. But with the present high fuel 

prices greater attention must be given towards conservation. 

The most imperative improvement is in the installation 

end and the quicker we can obtain action the 

better. Ask any owner of a warm-air furnace, particularly 

a woman, what is the chief ob- 

Installation jection to the same and the answer will 

Must Be be the dirt and smoke. What will be 

More the next objection? That certain rooms 

Intelligent cannot be heated satisfactorily on 

windy days and that the drafts on the 

floors are too cold. Another objection and a serious 

one too, is that the air is too dry. Does that not


about cover every kick? And isn't it about time that 

these conditions were corrected? 

In alluding to installations of this character, do 

not get the impression that tliere are no good installations. 

There are thousands of them and I believe the 

average installer does better work to-day than ever 

before. But I do think the manufacturer or jobber 

is greatly in error who sells his furnace to any one, 

regardless of his ability and ideas are still so varied 

that with all that has been said and done we are still 

very far apart. 

So much for the past but what of the future ? 

Greater progress will positively have to be made. This 

is true of all methods of lieating. The day of cheap 

fuel is past and a day is dawning when 

Positive Pro- we will not only be more careful how 

gress Essen- and into what we throw our black diatial 

monds but the day is near when the 

cheap or carelessly installed furnace 

will go to the discard. A day will come when you 

cannot afford to supply a pound more iron or steel 

than is needed to secure efficient results. With pig 

iron selling at the $50 mark, it is a crime against conservation 

to be wasteful of that article. 

There are lieating engineers who are constantly 

studying the problem of obtaining better and better 

results in the burning of the cheaper grades of fuel 

and the number of these engineers engaged in this 

task should be trebled. The laws of heating are such 

that if failure results in any installation, the violation 

of correct lieating principles should be easily determined 

and corrected. 

With hard coal selling at $15 per ton in cities like 

Chicago and with bituminous coal commanding a 

price more than double that of the past, the heating 

engineer is brought face to face with the problem of 

designing heating apparatus which will reduce materially 

the consumption of fuel and in addition secure 

the installation of heaters in such manner as to deliver 

the largest possible proportion of heat units generated 

by the fuel to the rooms to be heated. 

In designing the future furnace there are many 

fudamental considerations: First, the kinds of fuel 

and their various combustive abilities; second, the 

ratio between grate and heating sur- 

Items Govern- faces; third, the heating surfaces— 

ing Design their thickness, shape, design and location, 

and lastly the travel of the air 

between the casings and the furnace itself. We have 

long realized the necessity of better combustion of 

fuels—What will be developed in the furture is at 

this time pretty much a problem. The possibilities 

are so great that the more we study the question the 

more we realize the crudness of our methods. The 

combustion of each kind of fuel is a problem in itself 

and to design a heating apparatus for each is perhaps 

out of the question at this time. 

Perhaps it will interest you to know at this time 

that there is a new svstem known as "surface combustion 

and flameless heat." This new process is applicable 

to all kinds of gaseous or vaporized fuels. The 

temperatures attained are not only very much higher 

but the fuel consumed is onh' about one half that required 

in similar furnaces fired in the ordinary 

way by flame contact. It is our judgment, however, 

that it will require many years before this 

new system will come into common practice. 

The process of combustion in the ordinary heating 

furnace to-day does not meet the conditions required 

The ordinary round pot cannot develop the maximum 

of combustion. Consider for a moment that a fire is 

started with a clear grate and that every condition as 

to draft, air supply and depth of fuel bed is ideal. 

This condition cannot last long for the burning of a 

few pounds of coal will immediately change the air 

supply or the sudden raising of the velocity of the 

wind will upset the combustion. 

The line between poor and perfect combustion is 

very thin and one has only to consider what happens 

to a gas lighting mantle when the pressure of the gas 

supply is changed. If the pressure rises, excess air 

is supplied causing a reduction in light. If the pressure 

falls, the lack of air causes the gases to condense 

and consequently, the mantle becomes coated with soot 

or carbon and this same condition exists when burning 

coal. 

We, of course, realize the necessity of excess air 

above the fuel bed when burning soft coal, especially, 

but this excess of air is a detriment after a certain 

stage in the fuel bed has been reached. Many fuels 

swell during the coking process, frequently wedging 

themselves so firmly against the sides of the pot as 

to almost entirely stop all possibility of the air passing 

through the bed of fuel. 

The foregoing should be sufficient evidence to warrant 

greater attention to combustion and that the 

kinds of fuel that will be consumed have a logical 

bearing on the entire design of the furnace. 

Knowing, therefore, what will happen in the ordinary 

fire pot, a radical change in design will be necessary. 

Slotted pots are very much of. a question 

for they eitlier deliver an excess of air or 

Fire Pot the slots become closed, making same no 

Change better than an ordinary straight side pot 

Needed and what is true of the pot is also true of 

the grate. My experience has demonstrated 

that no air should pass through the center of the fuel 

bed and that combustion should take place at outer 

edges of the pot as the gases driven off when air passes 

through the center are too rich in carbon for proper 

combustion. 

With such conditions existing in the fire pot, it is 

in my judgement essential to give it further consideration. 

Let us assume that 1 in. is the proper thickness 

for durability and efficiency. Then, every added 

amount of iron will produce latent heat which for 

illustration will be the same as the latent heat in a 

quantity of water below the boiling point in a steam 

boiler or to give another illustration, the amount of 

aditional heat required to bring a wash boiler full of 

water to a steam point as against the required heat to 

bring the water to a steam point in a tea-kettle. 

Therefore, if you add wings and flanges suflicient 

to equal in weight a fire pot 2 in. thick, you increase in 

proportion the latent heat which lowers the temperature 

of the pot and naturally reduces the velocity of 

the air. However, if you extend flues on the sides of 

the heater of a tubular type, up to a certain 

temperature wherein the rays of heat are not 

excessively strong the air within the casing will increase 

in temperature and naturally in velocitv and 

in this case heavy castings prove satisfactory.

JULY 30. 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER III 

but from the point of economy in construction 

as well as efficiency, if the fire pot was 

54 in. thick and a sufficient number of wingers were 

added to bring same up to the standard pot of 1 in. 

thick. We believe this construction most efficient as 

well as economical as the same will serve as a safety 

valve or governor to the pot. This same system will 

also apply to all radiating surfaces coming in direct 

contact with the fire. 

The proportion of radiating surface to grate surface 

is one of vital importance. After careful consideration 

of tests in the past we have concluded that approximately 

65 to 70 per cent of the 

Grate and heating surfaces should be direct heat- 

Badiating ing surfaces and 30 to 35 per cent flue 

Surface surface. But we still know compara- 

Proportion. tively little about the amount of heat 

transmitted. Some engineers have assumed 

a heat transmission of 1800 B. t. u's. per square 

foot of direct radiating surface per hour under full 

load. Therefore, the ratio of grate surface to heating 

surface is still a question for there is another 

factor that has not been given consideration, namely, 

the shape or design of the direct heating surfaces. 

Heat rays and their effects have had very little 

consideration in the past and as you know that heat 

rays travel at right angles to the casting, can you 

imagine what happens when the shape of the heating 

surface is such as to have the heat rays cross one 

another? Is there not a possibility of compounding 

the heat energy thereby ? 

A professor in one of our universities made the 

statement recently that he believed that the heat radiated 

from the casings was the only reason that many 

furnaces gave any results at all. The ordinary top 

radiator ljas shown itself somewhat of a question in 

past tests and from what we can determine, if it were 

not for the heat rays from the combustion dome being 

thrown upon the radiator, it is questionable if the 

surface of the radiator is worth the cost of the iron 

as we all know that the bottom of the radiator as well 

as the sides becomes covered with soot and ashes to 

such extent as to insulate iron to a marked degree. 

In order that you may judge these statements, take 

off the upper section of the radiator of any furnace 

of such type leaving lower section covered with soot 

and ashes, project a pipe 4 to 6 in. into the dome and 

attach smoke pipe to it; recase the furnace, fire it, and 

I am sure you will have a surprise coming. 

Casing areas are also a big factor. One feature 

that often helps out a heating plant, i.e., when the 

resistance of the plant is high, then the air passes 

through very slowly and enters the rooms at a high 

temperature. On the other hand if the resistance is 

low, the air passes through easily not receiving as 

much heat and therefore, entering the rooms at a 

very low temperature. 

It would be no trouble to keep you here for another 

hour for there are still many other features that re 

Give him a free hand in his work and, while he should 

not look for large immediate results, I am sure the returns 

therefrom will be well worth the cost. 

The University of Illinois at Urbana, under the 

able leadership of Professor A. C, Williard and in 

co-operation with the National Warm Air Heating 

and Ventilating Association, has been carrying on a 

series of tests of warm air furnaces. The work it has 

done and the discoveries that have been made are in 

many instances startling and the data that will result 

from these tests will have much to do with the standardization 

of the warm air furnace of the future. 

Tliere is a standing invitation to everyone to visit 

the laboratory and those who do not avail themselves 

of the privilege are loosing much. The inspiration 

one gets is well worth the trip. 

Let's quit condemning, quit throwing stones, fight 

for better installations, go to praising and adopt the 

slogan— 

"Heat with Vaporized Warm Air." 

Can Lighter Air Displace the Heavier? 

The writer has been studying the pipeless furnace 

question for several years and has made a number of 

installations' all of them successful. He has had 

occasion to read a number of pieces of literature 

issued by various manufacturers, including some of the 

most prominent making this device, and he has yet to 

find one that did not state in words to the same effect 

that, "the heated air penetrates to even the most remote 

corners of the house, displacing the cooled air 

and forcing it downward until it is drawn into the 

furnace." 

This is an exact quotation from one manufacturers 

advertising matter, having been used in four different 

booklets printed for him. 

I asked a representative of the house making the 

furnace I am now installing why his company persisted 

in printing such nonsense, knowing it was absurd. 

He explained it by saying that everybody 

thought that was the way it worked, and it was not up 

to his house to educate them up to the real facts with 

the possibility of confusing them. 

This I believe is a mistaken attitude. Surely there 

are those among his prospective customers who realize 

that warm air cannot shove cold air downward, that in 

reality it is the cold air that displaces the warm, and 

shoves it up. The reason the cold air descends is the 

same as that which caused the apple to drop on 

Newtons head, thus inducing the discovery of that law 

of gravity which our friends the manufacturers so 

blithely disregard in their advertising because "everybody 

thinks it doesn't apply to warm air." 

It is my opinion that the basic principles of warmair 

heating are very simple and that manufacturers, 

installers, salesmen and others who attempt to make 

a mystery of it are working an injury to themselves 

quire much thought, such as humidity, automatic regu and to their profession. 

lation, ratings, air circulation, fan systems, forced Certainly the pipeless furnace is a simple proposi 

draft and installations in general. 

tion, yet those covering the most intricate mechanical 

I am sure you will agree with me that the furnace system, and is difficult to make work satisfactory if 

of the future will be a much changed article. There complaints are made. I prefer the type with separate 

«»e, allow me to recommend to the furnace cold air intakes outside of the casing, as I can then 

manufacturer that he engage a competent engineer. take off a heat run to a poorly heated room if I wish.


Warm Weather Plumbing Practice 

Interesting Installation of Sanitary Equipment in Warm Climate of Florida 

PLUMBING practice in the arrangement and connection 

of waste and vent pipes differs in the 

various States and a typical job in Florida would 

be impracticable in Maine. Outside piping is used 

very often in Florida cities where the weather is never 

•—well, hardly ever—a menace to its continuance in 

good condition, and C. O. Langston, inspector of 

plumbing of Duval County, Jacksonville, Fla., sends 

an example of work done in his locality. 

The accompanying elevation shows the north side 

of a two-story frame residence, which was built before 

sewer connections were available with the water and 

soil pipes exposed to the weather as would be the 

cause of certain trouble in the North. The projecting 

room shown in the reproduced photograph provides a 

spacious, well-ventilated and lighted bathroom, for 

it has three windows. The three fixtures, a watercloset, 

lavatory and bathtub, are properlv connected 

to the main stack, fitting for toilet first, then the tub 

and above the quarter bend a four by two tee for the 

lavatory. 

The lead trap for the tub can be seen just under 

the ceiling exposed as well as the hot and cold water 

pipes. At the bottom a combination fitting and clean- 

ELEVATIOX SHOWING PLUMBING OUTFIT 

out are placed close to the sill and easily opened in 

case of stoppage. The pipe is thus kept up owing to 

the lack of fall to the only available sewer a block 

distant, into which four others similar to this liouse 

connect. This layout is typical of many jobs that are 

installed in Florida, and would perhaps be a curiosity 

in cold States because of the freezing danger. 

About every 15 or 16 years these places get a good 

freeze-up, specially if the water is not turned off as 

stop and waste are provided, but used so seldom that 

people do not know how, or rather forget, to turn off 

the water, and a freeze-up is the result. 

Where houses are out of the sewer district, a septic 

tank is used, and the elevation diagram presented 

shows â bungalow with this system of waste disposal. 

The outlet from the tank is through a terra cotta 

REPRODUCED PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING BATHROOM PIPING 

IN FLORIDA 

drain laid with open joints, which enable the effluent 

to soak away in the sandy soil. Attention is particularly 

called to the arrangement of the stop and waste 

cock, as shown at the right side of the illustration, 

which is generally used in the northern part of Florida. 

It will be noted that after passing the stop the

j, ,.v 30. 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 143 

service has a branch to a sill cock and a tee continues 

the main service pipe to the other fixtures in the house. 

This has been found the most desirable method of 

niacin"- this important cut-off. There is no box to 

rot away or to become broken as in the case of terra 

cotta. Neither will there be a chance of its location 

being lost, as occurs in many instances by the rain 

and sand causing it to become leveled with the yard, 

beino' only 2 or 3 inches above the ground. On a dark 

and cold night one can quickly cut off the water 

without getting a fire shovel and a crowbar, which 

many people use in a crisis. These particular cutoffs 

are not often needed here, being out of the ground 

thev rarely freeze, give satisfaction and can be seen 

at all times. 

The plumbing law in Duval County requires that 

in every residence a toilet and sink must be installed. 

These are the safety-first sanitary methods. When 

plumbing is installed, it must be done right and efforts 

are now being made to have every plumbing job 

installed correctly. To this end it is likely that at 

the next session of the State Legislature a law will 

be passed covering every home in Florida. 

Frost-proofing the Water Supply 

By W. B. G. 

A N unique piece of frost-proofing put in last year 

has proved its worthiness by standing much 

weather far below zero last winter during which 

time the water was never turned off for any purpose. 

l'UUS'l-1 ROOFING THE WATER SUPPLY 

The pipe rises to the kitchen from the ground 

through space more or less open to the outer air, and 

even more likely to freeze the pipe than many neigh 

borhood jobs that did freeze, whatever their protection 

of the usual type. 

In the junk at the shop was a broken length of 

flanged pipe that had belonged to a frost-proof hopper 

outfit. This was cut off to reach from some 

inches in the ground to the bottom of the floor, as 

shown by the accompanying sketch. 

A board was placed on two trestles and the vertical 

piece of supply stuck through a hole so as to project 

up the distance needed to reach above the floor. Halfinch 

felt was then wrapped on to the length the flange 

pipe would cover it. 

The flanged pipe was set over the supply concentric 

with it and the space between the felt and pipe 

filled with asphalt. When the asphalt had solidified 

the whole business was handled as one chunk. An 

ell was put on the bottom end and the supply caught 

from the outside through a drill hole under the 

foundation. 

The frost-proofing was made a feature of this job, 

and while it was more work and more costly than the 

usual slipshod way in which work is too often done, 

there is no danger of the covering slipping down and 

exposing the pipe at the top, as one often finds the 

case when repairing. 

Better Production in Prospect 

The efficiency of labor is increasing, according to 

reports from 49 manufacturers operating in 40 different 

lines of industry in New York City. This testimony 

is submitted to the Industrial Bureau of the 

Merchants' Association by the same manufacturers 

who reported in September, 1919, that in general labor 

was not more than 70 per cent, efficient, judged by 

normal standards. 

The following statements are made by manufacturers 

in the jewelry, automobile accessories and candy 

business: 

The fact that there has been a slight increase in the productivity 

of labor i.s in no sense, in our opinion, due to the 

conscience-stricken feeling that may have pervaded labor, 

but rather to the prevalent dullness through which all industries 

are now passing. This condition has finally been 

driven home to labor, which realizes that its intolerant attitude 

will no longer prevail. The reason to which we attribute 

the slight increase in production is because of the 

fact that we have changed from week work to piece work 

in several of our departments, and from a manufacturing 

point of view week work encourages soldiering, while piece 

work prevents it. 

Piece Work System 

From reports of members to Merchants' Association 

of New York these extracts are taken: 

"In all departments that we have inaugurated the 

piece work system the output is entirely satisfactory 

but the output on time labor is fully 30 per cent, below 

normal." 

"In so far as our skilled piece work labor is concerned, 

we are pleased to report that normal efficiency 

now prevails. . . . We find that indifference exists 

among the ordinary time Yvorkers, who, while they 

are receiving what we believe is good pay in our plant 

and perhaps better than paid in some others, are, 

nevertheless, inclined to be indolent."

144 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 30. 1920 

Short Horn Outlets Make Permanent Sanitary Connection 

and Permits Big Saving in Manufacturing Expense 

Connecting Closets to Drains 

By Overheard 

AY I have the floor to make a few observations? 

I am constrained to put the question in that 

way by the difficulties which some of the members 

had in securing the floor to speak at the recent 

convention of the National Association of Master 

Plumbers. 

I was quite impressed with the way the report of 

the Standardization Bureau was received. Unfortunately, 

the real important part of the report was not 

reached until the hearers had been worried with a long 

list of names that should not have been read, nor did 

the" get to the final discussion of the report in letters 

from men who had had time to consider and comment 

upon it. 

That is always one of the disadvantages of a gathering 

which must give consideration to a matter when 

the members have neither multigraphed nor printed 

copies in their hands to follow the reader as the 

niatter is presented. This lack of information and 

opportunity to digest the recommendations may have 

been accountable for the somewhat reactionary and 

Bourbonistic spirit shown. 

The suspicion that seemed manifest was that the 

Bureau was trying to secure support to which it was 

not entitled; that it was doing things for the manufacturer 

instead of for the whole trade. That idea is 

wholly erroneous. And, when some of the speakers 

expressed the opinion that it would be accomplished 

with or without the aid of those who seemed to obstruct 

favorable action on the report it was unfortunate. 

But it was referred to the officers, subject to 

their powers and there is destined to better consideration. 

I am more interested in the views expressed on the 

short horn water-closet outlet that the manufacturers 

have started in to make. It will force a better floor 

connection than has heretofore been used in connection 

with closets and I have been in- 

Short Outlet formed that some manufacturers of 

Horn Here special lines have made their closets in 

to Stay this way for a long time back. And yet 

broken from the insecure base that was the result of 

the extended horn than should have been. And this 

expense was borne alike by the plumbers, the jobber, 

the manufacturer and, of course, the public. 

The manufacturer has one large expense that justifies 

the step on his part. It was practically necessary 

for him to have a separate drying room for his 

closets because the shelves on which they were dried 

were specially constructed. The 

New Construe- closets could not be put on the same 

tion Affords shelves that would be used for lava- 

Fast Saving tories and other sanitary earthenware 

made in the pottery. This entailed 

more building, more warehouse space, more investment 

of capital and all of that sort of thing, which 

in a large measure can be eliminated when a closet 

is used that will set flat and be safe. The plumber 

may as well think that over first as last. He has 

claimed to be progressive and responsible for all of 

the advances made, but at the present time the reactionary 

element seems to be disposed to impede progress 

by hanging onto the old thing which was never 

good. 

A putty joint is an improper thing in connection 

with a water-closet, unless it is so made that it cannot 

possibly be broken. The short horn closet will certainly 

force the provision of some sort of a mechanical 

contrivance of metal that will firmly 

A Truly and securely connect the water-closet 

Sanitary with the drainage system and in a man- 

Connection ner that will be workmanlike, making 

it both water and gas tight, whoever 

does the work. In the end the man who lives in the 

liouse or the woman who brings up a family in the 

home will have a better connection between the watercloset 

and the drainage system than the men who 

"buiided better than they knew" have ever provided 

in the past. 

It is fortunate that there is a large number of 

plumbers who are progressive, who are deeply studious 

of conditions and who reconize in the present 

there did not seem to be anybody who • step a movement in the right direction. 

forced consideration of this fact upon those who were, There is nothing that had been done by the Stan 

it seemed, opposed to it at the convention. The short dardization Bureau, whether recommended by the 

horn closet seems to be here to stay. It is time for plumber, the jobber or the manufacturer, which has 

the plumber, who is not as progressive as he should not had to stand the test of the shrewd, capable, ex 

be, and who forms the large majority of the plumbing perienced members of the committee. A far more 

trade, to come up-to-date with his ideas. He should intelligent recommendation will come from these men 

learn how to connect the short horn water-closets to than the comments that may be made on their work 

the plumbing systems and to get the price for such in so large a gathering as was present at the Pitts 

equipment that will insure to his customer a far betburgh convention. 

ter connection than he has ever made before in his Fortunately there are already several different 

life. 

water-closet floor flange inventions on the market 

The question as to whether or not the step is justi some of which will enable a closet to be replaced with 

fiable mav well be answered. More closets were


one with a short outlet horn, with a slight additional 

cost for the new fittings that will make 

New Connec- the building in whicli it is placed santions 

Already itary at the floor connection for the 

Available first time. This is a decided step in 

advance and a gain for sanitation that 

the plumber can worthily take pride in. If tliere are 

some who have not looked at this from the viewpoint 

that has been taken here, it will not be strange. Nor 

is there a disposition to censure them, but rather to 

most cordially invite them to study the connection in 

the interest of the final purchaser and of permanancy. 

Then they can see that the small cost, whether included 

in the price of the closet by the manufacturer 

or an additional price that must be paid for the special 

fittings, is well worth the expenditure. 

It is fortunate that closet construction is so nearly 

standardized that any one of the new inventions may 

be used in connection with the closets. The plumber 

can select the one in which he earnestly believes and 

use it to his customers' advantage. 

This is a question that has been receiving attention 

on the part of those who, interested in bringing 

plumbing codes up-to-date and, inasmuch as in many 

instances the journeymen plumbers have been as active 

in this work as have their employers, they are as well 

informed on what the short outlet horn water-closet 

entails. They are willing to do their part and many 

are quite enthusiastically in favor of the movement so 

well under way that nothing can retard it. 

It has much to recommend it in great saving in cost 

to the manufacturers and in the final certainty of an 

absolutely sanitary connection in the building wherever 

a water-closet is used. 

Shall Tool Equipment be Sold on 

the Installment Plan? 

A PLUMBER, who is W. E. Storm, Jr., Lakewood, 

N. J., rented a store to a shoemaker. He noted 

the up-to-date methods with which the young 

Russian with no education started to success. 

The first thing he did was to buy an up-to-date machine 

for finishing his work and save labor for himself. 

The shoemaker stated that he can make with this machine 

from $65 to $95 per day at an expense of from 

$4 to $6 per month for electric power. The patent 

more up-to-date pattern. If he can't pav for the machine 

as the Russian shoemaker did, it is his fault, or 

his family is too large, or he is too big a sport and 

plays too much pinnochle and never wins. 

Here is a thought for any one of the concerns who 

make pipe-threading machines. Any one of the firms 

who make farm water systems can put on the market 

a pipe-threading machine on the same terms as the 

shoemaker buys his machine. If the plumbing and 

steam work is going behind in business methods, it is 

time for them to take, for example, what is going 

on in the shoemaking line. 

Quaint Rites of the Bath 

Back in Bible times came the idea of a swimming 

pool, and in Solomon's temple there was built the 

most wonderful one the world has known. It would 

hold 3,000 bathers and was used by the high priests. 

Bathing is for the Finn a rite for which the first 

building on his farm is erected. It has a main room 

with a huge fireplace and a smaller room leading off 

this. On tub day the stones which surround the fireplace 

are superheated, then raked out and immersed 

in many pails of water, which causes enough steam 

to envelop the wliole family in their steam bath. 

Into the anteroom then they go one by one and are 

rinsed off with a pail of water, finally finishing the 

process with a vigorous roll in the snow. 

As the great oven in which the baking has been 

done is cooling, in crawls the Russian peasant and 

after a good sweating has his wife throw a pail of 

water over him, but his peculiarity is that he puts 

back on the same clothing and therefore is looked 

upon a.s not clean. Saturday is the day for his bath 

since an immaculate Sunday is a part of his creed. 

It was once customary in some parts of France 

for the whole family to use the same tub of water in 

succession, although for the guest there was a special 

arrangement whereby the tub was skimmed. 

One can rent a full bathing outfit from traveling 

vendors of the bath who heat the water while you 

wait and charge but a modest sum. 

Time is not much of a factor in the life of the 

West African Bantu, who prepares for his soaking 

by first digging a hole in the ground into which are 

placed seven herbs, peppers, seeds and bushes, and 

finally covered by boiling hot water. Then in jumps 

the Bantu, to steam and steam and steam for hours. 

finishing machine cost $285 on easy payments of $50 

down and $15 per month on the contract until paid A professional kneader then takes him in hand and 

for, the correctness being assured by having the op after an hour he is considered fit to be called clean. 

portunity of reading over the contract as a witness to Public baths are characteristic of the Japanese, 

it when it was signed. 

who bathe quietly and without any concern for those 

Now the question is: Where can a plumber starting about. The attendant keeps the water at an even 

in business buy a pipe-threading machine on such 110 degrees Fahrenheit. 

terms or as good terms as were offered by the manu Great occasions call forth the concession of the 

facturers of the shoemaking machine to the shoe Ainu whereby he will wash his face and hands. The 

maker? It has an up-to-date motor of the best make, man of the Thibet claims that the oil of the body 

is of first-class construction and much more difficult gives him the needed warmth and will once in a 

and expensive to make than a pipe-threading machine. while wash away the dust from face and finger tips. 

What the plumber and the journeyman want is a People who live in hot climates naturally spend 

pipe machine run by electric power and to be pur much time in the water, but do not use soap often. 

chased on the same terms as the shoe machine which As for the Esquimau, he gets quite wet during the 

was sold to the shoemaker. If it should wear out, it fishing season when he wades out for the nets, but 

shows that the piping contractor has made money and his wife knows how water feels when she disen 

can afford to buy a new one of a later date and a tangles the nets for him.—Valve World.

146 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 30. 1920 





__ty Eduoard E. Parker 

PART XI 

W A T E R boils in an open vessel at 212 deg. Fahr. without going through it. In that case there should 

the boiling point in an ordinary open tank always be a bypass with a swing check valve in it 

heating system is somewhat greater than that leading from the bottom of the expansion tank back 

owing to the fact that the height of the into the expansion pipe below the saftety valve in 

Pressure water in the system increases the pres- order to run the water which goes through the safety 

Devices sure on the water in the system at the valve when it expands, back into the system again 

point where the heat is applied. In when it contracts. 

ordinary residences the height at which the expansion A better method where it can be done is to use 

tank can be put is so limited that 220 deg. is about as the reservoir of the municipal water works for an ex 

hot as the water in the heater can be raised. In actual pansion tank by connecting the heating plant in the 

practice the temperature must be kept considerably be liouse directly to the street main. This should not 

low that. For this reason it is usual to make hot-water be done if the water pressure at the cellar exceeds 40 

radiators 60 per cent larger than steam radiators de lb. as that is about the limit at which radiator manusigned 

to do the same work. This is one of the prinfacturers will guarantee their goods. 

cipal objections urged against hot-water heating. A pressure of 40 lbs at the heater means that the 

No housekeeper wants more ironmongery set up in expansion tank has been elevated to about 90 ft., and 

her principal rooms than is necessary, and in many the water will not boil until it reaches a temperature 

modern homes there is so little blank wall space that of 286 deg. This allows the water in extreme weather 

sometimes it is puzzling to find room for the furniture, to be circulated through the radiators at about 240 

to say nothing of radiator space. This causes a de deg. or hotter than steam would be likely to be in an 

mand to cut down the size of radiators as much as ordinary steam heating system, hence radiators figured 

upon a steam basis would be big enough. 

In erecting a street pressure system of hot water 

heating, care should be taken that no valve should be 

used, so that by closing it the system will be sealed. 

The connection between the water supply and the 

heating system should be made in the attic and not 

in the cellar. Fig. 26 shows the type of valve which 

FIG. 2G. A THREE-WAY should always be used and Fig. 27 the method of 

VALVE FOR USE ON MAINS connection. 

WITH RADIATORS BELOW. It will be seen that this valve has two seats. If 

cxÔ 

the disc is shut hard against the upper seat, the handle 

always is at the bottom. Then the water can come 

in freely through the opening on the left hand side 

of the valve and go into the heating plant through 

the opening on the right. The pressure on the inside 

tr~rf 

of the heater will always be the same as that produced 

by a column of water as high as that in the reser 

possible. Where this condition prevails, the only way 

to do it, and at the same time heat the house comfortably, 

is to add some sort of a device to prevent 

the water from boiling until it reaches a temperature 

much hotter than the normal boiling point. 

Numerous schemes for this purpose have been tried 

with more or less success. The Perkins system already 

described, represents the limit of endeavor in 

this direction, since it makes no provision for letting 

any of the pressure escape except by the remote contingency 

of an explosion. 

Sometimes the desired pressure is put upon the 

water by installing a safety valve below the expansion 

tank so that no water can get into the expansion tank 

voir at the water works. If the water is heated it 

expands perhaps 4 per cent when the fire is first built, 

but only a trifling amount after that. This water of 

expansion is pushed back into the pipe coming from 

the cellar. 

The length of the pipe between the point where 

the water supply enters the cellar and the place where 

it joins the heating apparatus in the upper part of 

the house is big enough to prevent any considerable 

amount of the expansion water from getting into the 

house supply. This atic connection serves another 

good purpose. It prevents the system from being 

emptied if the street main should be shut off or 

broken, as no water can be drained out except what


is in the pipe between the double disc valve and the 

street main. 

If repairs become necessary, or if it is desirable to 

use an open tank system, all that is needed to make 

it one is to turn the handle of the valve until the disc 

comes down solid on the bottom seat. This cuts off 

the water from the street supply and opens the gate 

between the heater and the expansion tank. 

If the water supply is metered a bypass as shown 

in Fig. 28, must be put around the meter so that any 

water" that may be expanded can be pushed into the 

street without going through the meter. Local ordinances, 

not always logical, sometimes forbid this arrangement, 

in which case some other form of pressure 

device must be used. 

Where the street water pressure is too great or too 

small to be used as a pressure device in heating work 

there are mercurial devices for accomplishing the same 

purpose. The Honeywell system is probably the best 

known of these and is typical of all. 

Mercurial 

Devices 

When the water in a plant to wliich one 

of these devices is attached, begins to 

heat, the expansion causes it to lift a 

column of mercury. When the pressure reaches a 

certain point about 10 lbs. it is relieved by the surplus 

water being forced up through the mercury into 

the expansion tank. Care should be taken, when 

such a device is used, the the water in the expansion 

tank has sufficient head to enable it to flow back into 

the system through the mercury seal when the pressure 

is removed. 

There is little opportunity for the fitter to make 

mistakes in installing these devices. He will always 

have on hand the very minute directions issued by 

the people who manufacture them. Action and re- 

Cooling Co/1 

Overf/oW 

Expansion 7ank^* 

Three • wai/ Valve - X 

_>J3 

._> .i 

Fio. 27. METHOD OF CONNECTING THREE-WAY VALVE 

action are always equal. Therefore too much faith 

should not be given to the claim that putting a little 

pressure on the water in a hot-water heating plant 

will cause it to circulate with great velocity, or that 

"Sick, waterlogged jobs which would never circulate 

the water before, will begin to work satisfactorily as 

soon as one of these arrangements is attached." The 

time and money which the people making these devices 

have expended in educating the trade to better 

_. 

methods of piping in connection with their devices, 

has been well spent. 

It is quite common to find places where it is desirable 

to have a hot-water lieating plant so arranged 

that boiling, not simply hot, water can be had at 

times if needed. This often liappens on farms, where 

milk cans need cleaning, etc. No attempt should be 

made to take this water out of the lieating plant itself, 

But, if some sort of a pressure scheme be 

adopted so that the water may be heated 20 deg. or 

Check IALVIT 

FIG. 28. BYPASS 

-Meter 

-Shut Off Cock 

From Street 

3 

AVOID DANGEROUS PRESSURE WHERE 

METER IS L T SED 

so above the normal boiling point, a jacket kettle 

may be attached to the system in the same manner as 

a radiator, in which the required water may be quickly 

brought to the boiling point. 

In arranging the apparatus for this use care should 

be taken to run the vent pipe as directly as possible 

to the pressure valve below the expansion tank so that 

if any steam collects, it will not tend to push the water 

out of the system. Then a gate valve should be put 

in the return main so that no water except that going 

through the jacket kettle can return to the heater. 

This generally involves putting in a separate return 

from the kettle. 

To Be Continued 

Fire Protection Measures For 

Installing Heating Equipment 

HFATING equipment is the cause of over 20 per 

cent, of the fires occurring in institutional 

buildings and is responsible for more fires than 

any otlier one cause, says the National Fire Protection 

Association. 

Furnaces and boilers should be installed in a separate 

fire-resisting room, or at least set on non-combustible 

bases and the proper clearance provided between 

them and all woodwork. The same precautions 

apply to coal ranges which do not stand on legs. 

All chimneys should have at least 8-in. brick walls 

and flue linings except in one-story buildings where 

an ordinary stove is operated, a 4-in. chimney wall 

and lined 'flue may be used. Chimneys and stove 

pipes should be thoroughly cleaned each fall before 

the fires are started and the plumber and furnace 

man could greatly increase his business by emphasizing 

this necessity. Woodwork should in no case be 

bedded in chimney walls and proper clearance should 

be provided about all stacks, stoves and steam pipes. 

It is not generally realized that the heat from steam

148 METAL WORKER, PLUMRERANDSTEAMFITTER JULY 30, 1920 

pipes will convert wood into charcoal, which takes 

fire spontaneously and therefore wood floors and walls 

are often in contact with the hot metal when safety 

demands the proper air space between them. 

Stove pipe should never pass through closets, attics 

or other concealed spaces, but they should be set 

away from the surrounding woodwork. Also they 

should be properly supported and the joints securely 

riveted. 

Woodwork or clothing in contact with hot steam 

pipes of dryers in laundries have started fires. The 

dryers should be of metal throughout and the steam 

pipes protected by wire screening. The flame of 

gas mantles also should be carefully guarded. 

Flexible gas tubing is likely to develop leaks or 

become loose and therefore should be prohibited, with 

rigid pipe connection recommended in its place. Noncombustible 

brackets are essential for properly supporting 

gas meters and the pipes above meters should 

be bridged with wire or metal bars to conduct electrical 

current to the ground without passing through 

the meter itself. The use of lead pipe should be condoned 

and suflicient valves provided on the meter 

connection to enable immediately shutting off the 

supply of gas in case of fire. 

One or more 2V_:~g a l- soda acid fire extinguishers 

should be available for use in specially hazardous 

places in institutions, such as workshops, sorter rooms, 

laundries or kitchens. This hand extinguishing appliance 

is verv effective and operates by the action of 

sulphuric acid upon bicarbonate of soda. The pump 

type of extinguisher of 2 or 3-pt. capacity is extremely 

valuable for use on oil or electrical fires and 

can usually be operated by any person, but are not 

recommended for general use upon fires in wood, 

paper and similar material. 

Wife's Thimble the Mother of Gas 

Burners 

In the old days of Redruth when making gas in his 

backyard and burning it in his office, to the wonderment 

of the rustics of the neighborhood, who could 

not understand there being the possibility of a flame 

without a wick—they had been brought up from their 

childhood to the tallow dip and the oil lamp—Murdock 

first burned his gas simply as a flame from the 

end of the gas pipe and when he wanted to cut off 

the gas, his method was extremely simple. 

Taking a small plug of clay, Murdock rammed it 

into the end of the pipe. You must remember that he 

had only just begun to experiment, and he was not at 

all sure what would happen if the small holder in 

the backyard was to ground and the pressure of the 

weight of the holder was to be taken off the gas. 

Murdock had some sort of dim fear that there might 

be trouble, and at one of his exhibitions he suddenly 

saw his flame beginning to grow gradually small, and 

he realized his holder in the yard was getting low. 

He looked for his plug of clay to cut off the light, 

but unfortunately that plug of clay got knocked onto 

the floor and had rolled under the table. Unable to 

find the plug, Murdock hurriedly looked around for 

something else, and found his wife's thimble. Seizing 

the thimble, Murdock rammed it over the end of the 

pipe—a thoughtless sort of thing a brutal man would 

do—but, smelling the gas, Murdock applied a light 

and saw that the thimble was in the condition that 

every good housewife's thimble should be. It was 

full of small holes drilled by the unsympathetic heads 

of darning needles, and the gas escaping through 

these small holes ignited and to his astonishment 

Murdock saw two or three small jets of flame give 

greater illumination than before had been given from 

the great flare of the pipe. 

Working on that idea, Murdock introduced the 

Cockspur burner. Murdock thought that three jets, 

which to his mind rather represented the Prince of 

Wales' feather, and which he called the Fleur-de-lis 

burner, would be an improvement, and so he welded 

together the end of his gas pipe and drilled out small 

holes, and obtained what was known as the Coxcomb 

burner, a great improvement over the Cockspur. The 

Bats wing burner followed, but flung out the gas too 

far on each side and prevented the use of a globe. 

French Insist on Beauty in Bebuilding 

True "Cities Beautiful" will arise from the wrecks 

of towns which are now struggling to rebuild themselves 

in northern France. The cheap, checkerboard 

appearance which disfigures many otherwise beautiful 

suburbs in America is being carefully avoided by the 

three sets of commissioners which must approve all 

town plans before work of rebuilding may start. Real 

estate "sharks" who came along with schemes for 

selling property and throwing up cheap buildings to 

meet the urgent demands at high rental rates were 

promptly squelched by the French Government. 

These protective methods will delay reconstruction, 

but will undoubtedly make for beautiful, artistic cities 

when the general work of rebuilding finally begins. 

Out of 3,000 towns which must be entirely rebuilt, 

Bethune, in the western sector of the old French 

front, was the first to submit plans for reconstruction. 

As soon as the refugees began to return to Bethune, 

all architects, contractors and builders formed an organization 

for immediate work. The city was divided 

into districts and an experienced contractor voluntarily 

assumed charge of each district. In this way 

the work of clearing away debris progressed rapidly. 

In the meantime architects were at work on plans 

for public buildings, at the same time making estimates 

of the cost of buildings that were destroyed. 

The new plans included the most modern ideas in 

city building known in France and to these were added 

the suggestions of George B. Ford of New York, formerly 

with the American Red Cross and now a representative 

of the French Government. 

The Bethune plan was adopted also by Peronne, 

Lens and Rheims, and it is likely that authorization 

for rebuilding these cities will soon be granted by the 

French Government. 

Mr. Ford recently appeared before American Red 

Cross officials, urging them to impress upon the people 

in their districts the necessity of working out their 

construction along modern lines. The Red Cross has 

supplied Mr. Ford with a list of French towns that 

are applying for adoption by American towns. A 

number of American towns have declared themselves 

willing to adopt French towns.


How Much Is Spasmodic Advertising to Blame 

for Spasmodic Business? 

Peaks and Valleys in Advertising and Sale 

IN the old days of advertising many a great success 

was built up primarily by continuity. When 

I say "old days of advertising," I go back a 

good way, farther even than the memory of the oldest 

copy writer—to the time when Carthage was destroyed 

by the consistent and continuous repetition of 

a slogan, not by big space spasmodically used. 

There was nothing very entrancing or gripping 

about the consistent, year in and year out advertising 

of Dr. Pierce's Medical Discovery or some of the 

famous patent medicine successes of the old days. In 

those days also, probably 75 out of 100 successful 

advertisers were built up, not through clever copy, 

not through tremendous dominating, once in a while 

display, but through consistency, continuity and everlasting 

plugging. 

Advertising history is silent upon with what individual 

advertiser, or at just what particular period 

in development, the sound old practice of continuity 

was exchanged for another, newer, practice. Somewhere 

around 6 or 7 years ago lots of advertisers 

started to shelve the sound old doctrine for a newer 

idea. It seemed to be based upon the slogan, "Whenever 

you appear, be a star." 

To continue a simile stolen from the theatrical profession, 

it was as if James, the butler, who had a 

mighty good opportunity to make himself a real actor 

by playing continuously, and to the best of his 

ability, his modest part in the play, would refuse to 

go on the stage at all unless in every scene and every 

act he could be a star and dominate the performance. 

A very great number of national advertisers gave up 

the old idea of continuity in favor of the dominating 

plan. A mass attack in great force took the place 

of the old idea of keeping continually at it, and continuity 

was passed over in favor of power, seized 

quickly by spasmodic splurges. 

Big, dominating space in the spring and again in 

the fall gradually took the place in many lines of advertising 

of the old-fashioned continual year in and 

year out plugging. It may be perfectly true that 

many successes were made by this method, and yet a 

list of the leading advertisers of the country would 

probably show that the great majority of those who 

occupy a dominant position in their field secured that 

position in the industry by continual year-round advertising. 

Production, sales charts and the wellknown 

graph line may be as old as Archimedes, but 

within the last few years they have been getting more 

and more into general use in industries which before 

rather looked down upon them. 

As publishers came to keep these charts in reference 

to their volume of advertising, and as thev compared 

them with the manufacturers' charts on production 

and sales, it was gradually seen that there 

were many points of similarity between them. Those 

manufacturers who had decided to abandon the old 

idea of continuity in favor of the spring and fall cam- 

* Extracts from an article in Printer's Ink. 

paign were found to be in the position of men who 

are accentuating tlieir own difficulties in many cases. 

Moreover thoughts about advertising were changing 

at the same time in this development. It became 

a proved fact that advertising is far more than the 

mere force to put behind a bunch of merchandise to 

move it at a certain time. It became evident, and it 

was proved by consistent long-time advertisers that 

the force of advertising could put a man at the top 

of his line in the industry. Good will and institutional 

advertising came in for more attention. 

It can be demonstrated that in almost every industry 

the places of leadership have been obtained 

through some form of consistent advertising. A list 

of fifty leading advertisers compiled from thirty-six 

publications, most of them leaders in tlieir fields, 

shows that places of leadership are secured by the 

old standby, all-year-round consistent advertising. 

Continuity was the original principle of advertising, 

and apparently the leading advertisers have been 

getting back to it. In.stead of concentrating all the 

force of advertising to move a big bunch 

A Return of merchandise at peak seasons of the 

to Former year, thus putting an extra strain upon 

Principles labor, transportation and finance, firms 

that obtained a place of leadership 

through consistent advertising got preferential markets 

in all three of these fundamentals. 

Consistent year-round advertising can undoubtedly 

help in stabilizing production, and at the same time 

stabilizing employment of labor. 

Proper use of consistent advertising with modern 

marketing methods in the iron and steel industry 

would make possible the full and complete use of the 

full capacity of these industries, and an increased 

production of commodities at lower cost. Periodic 

depressions follow periodic peaks. Spasmodic efforts 

bring spasmodic results. 

Basic industries need consistent year-round advertising 

and modern marketing methods. Is it not just 

as true that the advertising business and manufacturers 

as a whole need fewer peaks and valleys in 

their sales and production charts and more straight 

lines ? Cannot it also be said with equal truth that 

the way to secure a straight production line is through 

year-round consistent advertising, rather than a tremendous 

boom in advertising at certain periods of the 

year, when labor, transportation and finance are already 

overcrowded by the demands made upon them 

by nature? 

Electric power plants, the telephone companies 

and many others found that real advertising and selling 

instead of simply allowing users to buy whenever 

they felt like it would enable them to sell current 

or service every hour of the twenty-four instead of 

just a few hours during the day. 

Some day one of the great services of advertising 

will be to persuade the basic industries—iron, coal


and steel—to use modern marketing and advertising 

methods to regulate their demands by means of advertising 

so that both production and jirices can be 

maintained uniform. If advertising is ever to perform 

this great service for the American people, it 

should, in the first place, put its own house in order, 

and cut out the peaks and valleys by urging the old, 

half-forgotten virtue of consistency, instead of clever 

ness, continuity instead of domination. 

The extension of the use of advertising in an in 

telligent manner to our basic, as well as all our in 

dustries, should be one of the developments of the 

future. Is it not true that the leaders in their field 

have built their leadership through consistent, 

straightforward, year-round advertising rather than 

by piling up the peaks at certain seasons of the year? 

If this is true, is it not a good time to preach con 

tinuity in advertising for the sake of business as a 

whole, as well as the advertising business in par 

ticular? 

The Relation o± the Public to the Worker 

Principles Submitted by United States Chamber of Commerce, 

to its Membership for an Expression of Opinion 

T W E L V E principles of industrial relations, pre 

pared by a special committee of the United States 

Chamber of Commerce have been sent out to a 

vote of the more than thirteen hundred industrial and 

commercial organizations comprising the membership. 

The principles are intended to include the fundamentals 

of employment relations, and were drawn up 

by members of the Chamber's board of directors after 

the close of the First Industrial Conference to con 

sider the principles presented by the employers' group 

in the conference. 

The committee's report, containing the proposals 

submitted for a vote, is given as follows: 

Employers' relations in Ameriean industry should accord 

uith and express those ideals of justice, equality and individual 

liberty which constitute the fundamentals of our 

national institutions. The terms of employment should conform 

to the essential requirements of economic law and 

sound business practice. They should, through intelligent 

eo-operation, based on a recognition of mutuality of interest 

conduce to high productive efficiency. They should reflect 

in ever-increasing degree an effort to realize broad ideals 

of individual and social betterment. In government and 

public service employment the orderly administration of 

government must be assured, and the paramount interest 

of the public protected. 

With these essential purposes in view, and conscious 

of the obligation of management to insure their ob 

servance and practical operation in industrial affairs, 

the Committee on Industrial Relations of the Cham 

ber of Commerce of the United States of America, 

states its belief in the following principles: 

I. Any person possesses the right to engage in any lawful 

business or occupation, and to enter, individually' or collectively 

into any lawful contract, either as employer or 

employee. These rights are subject to limitation only through 

a valid exercise of public authority. 

II. The right of open-shop operation, that is, the right 

of employer and employee to enter into and determine the 

conditions of employment relations with each other, is an 

essential part of the individual right of contract possessed 

by each of the parties. 

II. All men possess the equal right to associate voluntarily 

for the accomplishment of lawful purposes by lawful 

means. The association of men, whether employers, employees 

or others, for collective action or dealing, confers 

no authority over, and must not deny any right of, those 

who do not desire to act or deal with them. 

IV. The public welfare, the protection of the individual 

and employment relations require that associations or combinations 

of employers or employees, or both, must equally 

be subject to the authority of the State and legally responsible 

to others and that of their agents. 

V. To develop with due regard for the health, safety 

and well-being of the individual, the required output of 

industry is the common social obligation of all engaged 

therein. The restriction of production effort or of output 

by either employer or employee for the purpose of creating 

an artificial scarcity of the product or of labor is an 

injury to society. 

VI. The wage of labor must come out of the product of 

industry and must be earned and measured by its contribution 

thereto. In order that the worker in his own and the 

general interest, may develop his full productive capacity, 

and may thereby earn at least a wage sufficient to sustain 

him upon a proper standard of living, it is the duty of 

management to co-operate with him to secure continuous 

employment suited to his abilities, to furnish incentive and 

opportunity for improvement, to provide proper safeguards 

for his health and safety and to encourage him in all practicable 

and reasonable ways to incre'ase the value of his 

productive effort. 

VII. The number of hours in the work-day or week in 

which the maximum output, consistent with the health and 

well-being of the individual ean be maintained in a given 

industry should be ascertained by careful study and should 

never be exceeded except in case of emergency, and one 

day of rest in seven, or its equivalent, should be provided. 

The reduction in working hours below such economic limit 

in order to secure greater leisure for the individual, should 

lie made only with full understanding and acceptance of the 

fact that it involves a commensurate loss in the earning 

power of the workers, a limitation and a shortage of the 

output of the industry and an increase in the cost of the 

product, with all the necessary effect of these things upon 

the interests of the community and the nation. 

VIII. Adequate means, satisfactory both to the employer 

and his employees and voluntarily agreed to bv them, should 

be provided for the discussion and adjustment of employment 

relations and the just anu prompt settlement of all 

disputes that arise in the course of industrial operation 

IX. When, in the establishment or adjustment of empiovment 

relations, the employer and his employees do not deal 

individually but by mutual consent such dealing is conducted 

by either party through representatives, it is proper for the 

other party to ask that these representatives shall not be 

chosen or controlled by, or in such dealing in any degree ren- 

" T X'u y ° Utskle grou P or interes t in the questions at issue. 

A. lhe greatest measure of reward and well-being for 

both employer and employee and the full social value of 

their service must be sought in the successful conduct and 

full development of the particular industrial establishment 

in which they are associated. Intelligent and practical co-


operation based upon a mutual recognition of this community 

of interest constitutes the true basis of sound industrila 

relations. 

XI. The state is sovereign and cannot tolerate a divided 

allegiance on the part of its servants. While the right of 

government employees—national, state, or municipal—to be 

heard and to secure consideration and just treatment must 

be amply safeguarded, the community welfare demands that 

no combination to prevent or impair the operation of the 

government, or of any government function shall be permitted. 

XII. In publie service activities, the public interest and 

well-being must be the paramount and controlling consid 

eration. The power of regulation and protection exercised 

by the state over the corporation should properly extend to 

the employees in so far as may be necessary to insure the 

adequate, continuous and unimpaired operation of public 

utility service. 

This is the thirty-first referendum submitted since 

the Chamber was organized more than 8 years ago. 

The policies of the Chamber are declared only after 

referendum vote, or on action of annual meetings. 

The voting will close at the expiration of forty-five 

days. A two-thirds majority is necessary to carry. 

Non-Union Agreement Signers Protected 

Cincinnati Court Holds That Unions Must Not Attempt 

to Persuade Employees to Break Their Contracts 

A V E R Y important decision was handed down by that they would not join the union while in plaintiff's 

Judge Hickenlooper in the Superior Court at employ, or, if they decided to join the union, that they 

Cincinnati on July 12. The legality of the non would at once withdraw from such employment. 

union agreement under which some metal working "The exact question in this case," said Judge Hick 

plants are operating was upheld, and a permanent inenlooper, "is whether after the plaintiff's shop had 

junction restraining members of labor unions from in 

been run as a non-union shop for more than four 

vears, the defendants had a right to so conduct tlieir 

terfering, in any way whatsoever, with persons signing 

campaign for membership, by the maintenance of 

those agreements was issued. The decision is expected 

pickets and a solicitation of plaintiff's 

to have far-reaching consequences, as at the present 

The Exact employees, as to injure the plaintiff's 

time a strike of machinists is in progress in some of Question business and deprive him of the services 

the machine tool establishments, and the claim is made Involved of his present employees, and this at a 

that many employees are being kept away from work 

time when there was no strike in prog 

by interference from strikers. The decision referred to ress at plaintiff's shop, and no disagreement between 

two cases, that of C. J. Shafer, doing business as the plaintiff and his employees as to wages or working 

C. J. Shafer Pattern Works vs. International Pattern conditions, and when all of plaintiff's employees are 

Makers' League of North America, et al., and that of employed upon the understanding and agreement that 

John Douglas Co. vs. the Metal Polishers' Interna they would not join the union while in plaintiff's emtional 

Union, Local No. 63, et al. 

ploy, and if it be decided that the defendants were 

In the case of the Shafer Pattern Works, it appears within tlieir rights in approacliing any of the plain 

that plaintiff had run an open shop until about five tiff's employees, will an injunction issue against so 

years ago when he ceased to employ any union men. liciting such employees as haves igned the non-union 

A number of plaintiff's employees, although not all, agreement above referred to. 

signed separate so-called non-union agreements where "It is our opinion that, in the absence of contract 

by it was agreed that, in accepting employment with for a definite term of employment, the advantages to 

the plaintiff, the employee did so upon the understand society which are claimed for unionism furnish the 

ing that the employer did not recognize and would not just cause or excuse for the intentional injury occa 

have any dealings with a labor union, and that the 

sioned by a strike. If, therefore, the ememployee 

would not become a member of any such When ployment be at will and the advantages 

labor union while in the employ of the plaintiff and Picketing of organization constitute just cause and 

would have no dealings, communications or interview's Is Legal excuse for persuading others to join the 

with officers, agents or members of any labor union in 

labor movement, it follows that picketing 

relation to membership by the employee in such labor is not per se illegal and it further follows that the 

union or in relation to the employee's employment. court must reject as unsound the dictume of the Hitch- 

It was shown in the Shafer case that in the early part man case (245 U. S. 2-19) that inducing a servant to 

of September, 1919, the defendants commenced a cam quit his employment, which is at will, may be enjoined 

paign of organization through which it was sought to where there is no contract restricting the employee's 

increase the membership in the local pattern makers' right to enter into the attending negotiations. We do 

league or union; that as a step in the accomplishment not consider, therefore, that it is unlawful for the 

of this purpose the plaintiff's place of business was union to use peaceful persuasion for the purpose of 

picketed by the union employees of other shops, and inducing those of the plaintiff's employees who have 

plaintiff's workmen were accosted, principally upon not signed the non-union agreement or verbally 

leaving work, and asked to quit plaintiff's employment agreed to its terms, to quit their employment and join 

and join the union. Defendants had notice that many the labor movement. 

of the plaintiff's employees had signed the non-union "But to induce another to breach his contract has 

agreement and that all of plaintiff's employees were never been held to be justified by either social or indi 

employed upon either a verbal or written agreement vidual advantage. No guaranteed right of free speech

152 METAL WORKER, PLUMRER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 30. 1920 

or liberty of action has ever been held to authorize or 

justifv one man in inducing another to break his contract. 

Nor is the alleged non-union contract illegal or 

contrary to public policy. Any employee has the right 

to agree with his employer that he not only vvill refrain 

from joining a union during the term of employment, 

but he may also lawfully agree, as was done in 

these cases, that he will not have any negotiations or 

communications with others as to such employment 

during the period that he is so employed. Inducing 

such employee to enter into negotiations, or to participate 

in discussions as to the advantages of the union 

or as to his then employment, is inducing a breach of 

the contract into which he has entered; and such negotiations, 

conferences or discussions cannot be initiated 

or started by defendants without liability for 

inducing such breach of contract. As has been said 

before, the advantages to the union cannot be held to 

be a justification of such act. The most that could be 

said to those who are employed under the non-union 

agreement in question, is that, if and when their employment 

has terminated, the union representatives 

would be glad to discuss with them the advantages of 

the union. This is a meager and unsatisfactory right 

for which even the union does not contend. 

"It follows that as to the Shafer case the injunction 

must be made perpetual as to initiating or commencing 

negotiations, dealings, communications or interviews 

with any employee who has signed the non 

union agreement, either in relation to the 

Injunction membership by said employee in the 

Made union or in relation to said employee's 

Perpetual employment. As to those who have not 

signed or entered into said non-union 

agreement, prohibiting such communications and interviews, 

such employees may be approached upon the 

subject of terminating their employment and thereafter 

joining the union. Since the court finds that 

there was no coercion or intimidation, either actual or 

threatened, there is no necessity for a restraining order 

upon these points. It is further ordered that each 

party pay their own costs herein incurred. 

"A somewhat different state of facts exists in the 

case of the John Douglas Co. In that case the polishing 

and buffing department of the plaintiff was run as 

an 'open shop' until October, 1919, Yvhen an agreement 

for a 'closed union shop' was presented to the superintendent 

of plaintiff, closely followed bv the demand on 

the part of some of the employees for an increase in 

wages. Several of the increases demanded were given, 

but the demand for a 'closed union shop' being rejected, 

a strike was called by the local union on Oct. 

28, and has been in progress since that date. Subsequent 

to the calling of the strike the plaintiff declared 

its intention of running a 'closed union shop,' and all 

of plaintiff's present employees have signed the nonunion 

agreement above mentioned. Notice of this fact 

was brought home to the defendants. 

(Continued on Page 165) 

The Path That Leads to 

Money in the Bank 

Will be Opened for You in Our First 

Article Every Week 

TO MAKE them as skillful in merchandising as our competent mechanics are in 

their work is all that is needed to make every man of them enjoy business 

prosperity. We have taken up the task of showing how it is done by men who 

are on the shady side of Easy Street. 

That none may fail to catch the merchandising germ, they are here told something 

of what is to come, instead of sending it out unheralded, as the duck lays her 

Pfrfr - ' 

c e>6- 

The first article in each issue of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

beginning Friday, August 23 and running for some time to come, will deal with 

some phase of placing what you can do for their comfort, convenience and the permanence 

of their property, before people so that they have to get you to do it. 

The course to be followed will be indicated by direct instruction and by suggestion 

so that no man who follows the path can wind up at any other place than where 

the profits may be safely deposited. 

Ideas on all phases of winning the people and serving them will be presented so 

that every man's need will be supplied. 

Onlv read and practice to prosper.


This is the Place to submit your perplexing 

problems — the Place to 


From I. E. S. Blue Hill, Maine.—I have taken 

SERVKEWGRATIS 

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER for a 

long time and have received much assistance from it, 

now want to ask a question about I 

Water Pipes trouble I am experiencing and request a 

Sweat remedy to stop it. I have installed a 

pressure tank and an electric pump in 

a garage The water comes from the spring and is 

very cold. The trouble is the tank, pump and all the 

pipes sweat so much that it is keeping the floor very 

wet. Now, what I want to know is, how to stop the 

sweating, and information will prove a great favor. 

ANSWER: TO solve the problem and apply a remedy 

for the trouble is to understand its source. At this 

season of the year when air is warm it carries a 

great deal of moisture, and on a hot humid day, the 

air may be as much as 90 per cent saturated. When 

warm saturated air comes in contact with a cool surface, 

as is exposed in the equipment mentioned, there 

is a certainty that the moist air will condense on 

that surface. The only way to avoid the copious condensation 

under such conditions is to cover the objects 

as to prevent their cold condition exerting its influence 

on the moist warm air. It is common practice to 

cover pipes with 1 in. of hair felt and cover this with 

canvas, to keep pipes that are exposed to the air from 

sweating. In all probability an installation of a similar 

nature will be all that is required here. 

At this season such an experience is not uncommon 

and the only way to overcome it is to prevent warm 

moist air coming in contact with cold surface. 

FROM JOHN TROLAND, NORWICH, CONN.—In relation 

to the question of "G. P. H." in the" issue of 

June 11 who wants an opinion on the 

Proper Length proper length of sheets for copperof 

Sheets for lined gutters, I wish to say that the 

Copper-Lined length of the sheets forming a gutter 

Gutters of any metal has nothing to do with 

the expansion and contraction of the 

same and furnishes no preventive against buckling, 

which is the result of expansion and contraction. 

A gutter composed of many pieces when locked and 

soldered forms a complete whole and is just the same 

as if it were all of one piece, without a seam from 

end to end. If it were so that there was a giving 

way at each joint, the gutter would be worthless. 

Architects get theoretical notions on points like this 

which are sometimes not so practical as theoretical. 

We used to have one in our city who advocated a 

theory that all flat tin roofing should be done with 




sheets of a size 10 x 14 in. This was the old size and 

so, when the larger size, 20x11 in. came on the market, 

to please this architect we had to cut the sheets 

in tYvo. Our argument against him was that the lesser 

the number of seams in the roof, the less was the liability 

to leaks because the leak is always at the seams. 

His argument was the same as this one in Newark, 

that the seams provided for expansion and so the 

more seams the better. This was his proof and illustration. 

He said, that in laying a roof if wide boards 

are laid, Yvhen the wood contracts by seasoning, it 

produces wide gaping seams, hence narrow boards 

are used, the number of seams increased and their 

width lessens as a result of contraction. 

Any mechanic can see the fallacy of his claim. A 

roof or a gutter is not supposed to give at the seams 

at all, but as I have said, forms a complete whole and 

a gutter constructed of 4-ft. pieces or of 8-ft. pieces 

will contract and expand no more and no less than if 

it did not have a seam at all but was of one continuous 

strip. As a matter of fact, this is an objection to 

gutters of copper or zinc. In my experience I have 

taken out copper gutters and replaced them with tin 

of good quality and made a much better job. The 

copper will buckle by the sun's heat and breaks itself. 

The tin is less affected in this way and, if kept 

painted, will last for years where copper will prove 

useless in the same period. 

The old copper in a useless gutter, however, is of 

more market value than an old bad tin one. The suggestion 

of cleating at the seams, whieh would be impossible 

in this case, goes for nothing. A gutter has 

to be formed from a strip which is already seamed 

and soldered before being laid in place. The contractor, 

however, should have done the job as directed 

by the architect, although he did know better. 

NOTE: It is not strange that the experience described 

has been incurred during the recent weather, 

which has been hot and the air has carried a large 

percentage of humidity, or moisture, which would 

condense as soon as the warm, moisture-laden air came 

in contact with a cold surface. Under such circumstances 

there is nothing to do but to prevent the air 

from having contact with the surface. This is frequently 

accomplished by covering the pipes with one 

or two layers of hair felt and enclosing it in a canvas 

covering and thus avoiding the contact of the warm, 

moist air with the cold piping. It is possible that it 

may be satisfactorv to hang a metal trough beneath 

the piping and lead the condensation which it catches 

to where it can be discharged without annoyance.



Humidity Twice Conspicuous 

T H E R E are two periods of the year when humidity 

is conspicuous. In the winter season in many 

heated homes it is conspicuous by its absence and 

at this season of the year when the air is hot and 

humid its presence is noted in the sweating of walls 

or any other object in which the hot humid air come- 

in contact to cause condensation. Because of it many 

questions are asked as to how to prevent it, and it 

means to cover the whole surface with some insulating 

material to prevent the hot humid air getting into con 

tact with the cold surfaces. To provide the humidity 

in the dry season is something more difficult and there 

is need of more attention to its provision and devices 

for the purpose than they have as yet had at 

the hands of those who are engaged in this field of 

industry. 

The Rush Season 

THE possession of a list of everything a man has 

in stock at this season of the year will qualify 

him to work off many things that have been on 

his hands for some time and turn them into cash. It 

will enable him to use them to supply the urgent needs 

of customers where otlier supplies may be more ex 

acting. He does a double service in supplying his 

customers' needs promptly and in turning his dead 

stock into live capital. 

The delay in shipments because of conditions of 

the railroad will make it necessary for a man to have 

all his resources at his tongue's end so to speak, so 

that whatever needs his customer may have, they can 

be satisfied promptly from what he already has on 

hand. 

It is the season of long evening. Instead of spend 

ing them in recreation it would be far better for thc 

tradesman, after the day's work is done, to wash up 

and rest a half hour or so after the evening meal 

and then go into it again. Then things that are out 

of sight and out of the way could be put into a con 

venient place for immediate use, and at the same time 

a list made of them for reference. A man who knows 

his stock in this way has something that is equal to 

money in the bank. 

Can Business Men Show Sportsmanship? 

M A Y the best boat win, said Sir Thomas Lip- 

ton—and it did. How everv American heart 

thrilled at the news, "The Resolute Wins—the 

cup stays in America." But not one who felt proud 

of our boat who did not add, "But Sir Thomas is certainly 

a fine sport." It is well for not only sportsmen 

but also business men to pause and take a lesson from 

this race—a lesson in persistence and good sports 

manship. When a competitor carries off a contract, 

secured through the merit of salesmanship, not price, 

the average tradesman is prone to lay the blame to 

luck or some other underlying cause. He does not 

say, "The best man wins," and congratulate his competitor 

on his work. How well this spirit of sportsmanship, 

demonstrated in the race, could be utilized 

in business. 

For years Sir Thomas Lipton has dreamed of carrying 

the Cup back to Europe. Four times has his 

Shamrock traveled across the ocean and four times 

returned Yvithout the Cup. But is he discouraged? 

Nay, it has only made him more eager to try again. 

If the tradesman on the next block carried off a 

fourth contract on which the other bid, would the 

latter be discouraged or would persistence characterize 

his methods? If he will adapt the latter course 

and endeavor to discover what makes the other the 

better salesman, eventually his efforts will be rewarded. 

For he will find that not onh' the best boat, 

but the best man wins. 

Reminding Customers 

IT is not expected that the average house owner 

will anticipate his needs Ky having the smoke pipe 

to his heating apparatus put in good order, his 

range cleaned and the repairs of the fire-box made, so 

that he vvill be ready for the winter season. He will 

not think of it in the midst of hot weather unless it 

is brought to his attention by the tradesman. Under 

the circumstances, what greater favor can a tradesman 

do to the people of his community than to insert 

his card in the local paper or to have cards printed 

and mailed to those for whom he has done work, and 

all prospective customers ? 

Many a house owner is grateful for receiving just 

such a reminder so as to procure what is needed while 

there is time and not to put it off for the last minute, 

causing him'annoyance by delays at a time when 

his needs are urgent. 

It may be that a man cannot charge for this service. 

Nevertheless, it is a valuable service and he gets 

his reward for it in the orders which such a reminder 

at this season is sure to bring in.


Provision to Protect Other Interests of Paramount 

Importance Prepared by Chamber of Commerce 

of the United States 

Interest of the Public in Strikes 

ORGANIZATION niembers of the Chamber of 

Commerce of the United States have been asked 

to vote on two recommendations submitted by 

the Chamber's Committee on Public Utilities, as 

follows: 

Strikes by employees of all public service corpora 

tions performing public service essential to the lives, 

health, well-being and comfort of the people should 

be explicitly prohibited by law. 

Suitable tribunals should be created by the law to 

adjudicate differences between employees of public 

service corporations and their employers, and the decisions 

of such tribunals should be final and binding 

upon both parties. 

The subject came before the Chamber from the Mer 

chants' Association of New York and the presidents 

of the principal business organizations of New York 

Citv througn the following statement: 

I'or several weeks past the economic and social life of 

this nation has been crippled and in part paralyzed by 

the enforced cessation of the function of transportation. 

Whatever may be said regarding the rights of the employees 

in ordinary industrial operation, we are strongly 

of the convicition that the arbitrary cessation of labor by 

the employees of public utilities is a wrongful attack on the 

rights of the entire people, and that such arbitrary cessation 

should be made impossible by the enactment of proper 

restrictive laws. 

The undersigned chief executive officials of the principal 

business organizations of the City of New York, respectfully 

request that the Chamber of Commerce of the United 

States give immediate consideration to this subject with a 

view to formulating and declaring the rights of the public 

and to promoting legislation suitable to protect the public, 

and to prevent further destructive invasion of its rights. 

The communication was signed by Alfred E. Mar 

ling, president of the Chamber of Commerce of the 

State of New York; William Fellows Morgan, presi 

dent, and Lewis E. Pierson, vice-president of the 

Merchants' Association; J. Sherlock Davis, president 

of the Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce; H Pushae 

Williams, president of the Chamber of Commerce of 

Queens, and James Breckenbridge, president of tht 

Bronx Board of Trade. 

The referendum is the thirty-second put to a vote 

of the Chamber's membership and will go to more 

than 1,300 commercial and trade organizations. 

In recommending the proposals for a referendum, 

the committee expressed its belief in the following set 

of principles: 

No corporation or person, individually or collectively may 

lawfully or rightfully obstruct or impede the performance 

of any duty or obligation of the State or of any agency by 

the State for the performance of a public service. 

The State is sovereign. Its will is expressed through the 

government created by it. That will cannot be given effect 

if the servants of the government refuse to obey its behests. 

Therefore, no servant of the government has either moral 

or legal right to obstruct the lawful processes of the government. 

If such assumed right were successfully asserted, 

the will of the servant would override the will of the people, 

the government would be subverted and the servants would 

become the masters. 

It is the obligation of the State to protect the lives, 

health, security, rights and property of all its people. 

These depend upon the uninterrupted operation of the 

agencies which provide transportation, water, light, heat, 

power, and means of communication. It is therefore the 

right of the people that such uninterrupted operation be 

guaranteed by the power of the State. 

These agencies are created by the State for the performance 

of services of a public character; they are devoted 

exclusively to the service of the people; they operate by 

virtue of public powers delegated to them by the State; 

and they are thereby public agencies by the State to perform 

public services, indispensable to the well-being, comfort, 

security and often to the health and lives of all the 

people. The State is, therefore, bound so to exert its 

powers as to enable these agencies and instrumentalities 

fully and effectively to perform the public purposes which 

have been delegated to them. 

The immediate result of a strike is to compel the suspension 

of the industry against which the strike is directed. 

When directed against a public utility it is an invasion of 

that which is indispensable to the community. 

The effect of a strike against the public utility is to 

inflict great harm upon the community. It often entnils 

widespread suffering, seriously endangers the public health, 

deprives large populations of a sufficiency of food, fuel and 

other necessities of life. It deprives the, people of the instrumentality 

of commerce, thereby causing widespread suspension 

of industry and taking from many tne means of 

livelihood; and in many ways inflicts great distress upon all. 

We believe it is the duty of the State, by suitable legislation 

to protect the people against these dire consequences. 

Strikes by employees of public service corporations should 

be prohibited by law as conspiracies against the paramount 

rights of the public. It is obvious, nowever, that the great 

class of employees thus deprived of the power of self-protection 

by means of the strike should be otherwise protected 

against unjust relations with their employers through 

suitable tribunals empowered equitably to adjust differences, 

whose findings should be final and supported by due 

provision for enforcement. 

Tbe recently pending Cummins bill against regulating 

railroad transportation contained a provision (adopted by 

the Senate, but discarded by the House) which made it 

unlawful for any two or more persons, being employed of 

any common carrier or carriers, "to enter into any combination 

or agreement with the intent substantially to hinder 

restrain or prevent the operation of trains or other 

facilities of transportation for the movement of commodi. 

ties or persons in interstate commerce, or, in pursuance 

of any such combination or agreement and with like purpose, 

substantially to hinder, restrain or prevent the operation 

of trains or other facilities of transportation, etc, 

under penalty of a fine of $500 or six months' imprisonment, 

or both A similar inhibition was laid against aiding, abbetting 

or procuring such interference. The Cummins bill also 

contained a provision whereby the employees were protected 

against imposition of unjust conditions of labor. 

The purpose of these provisions was to prevent the interruption 

of service by strikes and compel resor by both 

parties to settlement by the legal boards proposed fnr that 

PU AVe° S believe that these, or similar provisions should be 

made law, not only as to railroads, but as to all public 

utilities.


%- . w 

Ilk. 

_»t : 4) 

rA • '" 

fi'-f.'- 

1&_J. j[ca^:; 

r i 

i • _- i »- J ^^S^_^^-_r^. *. »-HP . 

OHIO MASTER SHEET METAL CONTRACTORS IN CONVENTION 

Meeting in Toledo The Largest in History 

Business and Pleasure Delightfully Mixed 

^•B^^3fct.;: ii^; |!-~~" 

Ohio Sheet Metal Plan Membership Dr 

Munkel New President - J. G. Gerken Honored 

BUSINESS and pleasure were delightfully mixed 

at the annual convention of the Master Slieet 

Metal Contractors' Association of Ohio, held in 

Hotel Secor, Toledo. July 20-22. Over 200 were 

present. 

Conditions were found to be similar in various parts 

of the State, labor troubles in few, some shortage, 

difficulty in getting material and a good volume of 

work. 

William J. Martin, president of the Toledo local, 

introduced Mr. Duer of the city legal department, 

who expressed Mayor Schreiber's regrets at being unable 

to attend. He welcomed the delegates and told 

something of the city's history. 

Warren J. Griffith, ex-president of the Toledo 

Chamber of Commerce, said that business has been go 

ing through a constructive era that will be of lasting 

benefit. Getting together makes solution of problems 

easier and men learn through mutual counsel and ad 

vice. Business success is largely due to the directing 

personality and the personal touch more than any- 

thnig will help overcome the great lethargy whicli has 

come over labor. Real business men manage their 

business with fairness, always remembering that there 

are two sides to a contract. He asked that every man 

use the lessons learned at the meeting. 

President John Weigel responded in a few words 

and then asked Secretary William J. Kaiser to read a 

letter from National Secretary Seabrook regretting his 

inability to attend and extending best wishes to the 

membership. 

At the suggestions of National President A. P. 

Lamneck delegates from the different cities were 

asked to tell (if business, labor and general conditions 

in their districts. 

PRESIDENT MARTIN, TOLEDO—New building is of small volume 

but we have been kept busy with repair and remodeling 

work. Our labor problem is to get good men. Tbe cause 

of building inactivity has been blamed to the cement shortage, 

high prices of materials and difficulty of getting loans 

from banks. 

MR. HENSLEE, ZANESVILLE—Labor is our worst difficulty. 

Our Chamber of Commerce and Rotary Club have adopted 

the open-shop plan, but we do not know yet how it will 

work "Mt. The city has been very tight on closed shop 

principle especially in building trades. I would like to hear 

an expression of opinion on this subject. 

II. G. MCGRATH, CLEVELAND—Our Chamber of Commerce 

and Builders' Exchange are great boosters and we are doing 

a great deal of building, though not quite as much as in the 

past two years. We have some very big work and require 

a large number of mechanics. However, we have quite a 

large number of vacant houses because they were built to 

sell and the owners will not rent them. We have had a 

plumbers' strike for six weeks and steam fitters are out in 

sympathy, demanding $1.50 per hour. My shop is open 

plan and it always has been my policv to give a square deal 

and so far have had no trouble. 

MR. MILLER, DAYTON—There i.s not much new building 

and volume of repair work seems to be declining. Material 

prices continue high but we have no labor trouble. 

MR. DIETZ. CINCINNATI—Everybody is busy going after 

neglected repair business. 

MR. HOFFMAN, AKRON—Our city is so close to Cleveland 

that conditions are the same. We'are a new local and meet 

once a week. We have a great many "over night" contractors 

and are planning an educational and membership campaign. 

MR. MYERS, DOVER—We are short of labor in our city. A 

housing plan now under way gives all local contractors a 

chance to figure on work and all material possible is bought 

in Dover. ° 

MR. MUNKEL, COLUMBUS—We are doing more work this 

year than last. We keep up our organization and have no 

labor troubles. We have monthly meetings of employees 

and find that by raising ig wages voluntarily oluntarily a much more 

cordial relation is established 

MR. UUHL, ALLIANCE— All in our city are busy, though 

there is no new building. 

MR. ARMSTRONG, LONDON—We need a lot of homes, though 

nigh material and labor costs are delaying this. 

President Weigel appointed an auditing committee 

of Mr. Shaw, Zanesville; Mr. Martin, Toledo; Mr. 

Dietz, Cincinnati, and then announced a board of 

directors' meeting for 8.30 Wednesday morning. 

President Weigel made his report the first matter 

.

JULY 30, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMRER AND STEAM FITTER 157 

of business Wednesday morning. A good increase in register wliile in steam or hot water job there is no 

membership was sliown in the report of argument. By tact they can exert sufficient influence 

Wednesday Secretary William J. Kaiser. It is now to place the furnace and the register in places where 

Morning 253. The association is in good financial thy will give the most efficient service. Furnace men 

Session condition. Treasurer W. J. Birming should realize in planning and selling jobs that inham 

reported a good balance in hand stallation is of greatest importance and data now be 

and the report was accepted- 

ing developed at University of Illinois will be great 

W. E. Lamneck said that no important matters est benefit when applied practically and accurately. 

came before the legislative committee during the year A rising vote of thanks was given to Mr. Lamneck 

so reported progress. He also reported for the mem and Mr. Taylorbership 

committee that its campaign had increased the The question box was opened and variety of topics 

individual membership from 9 to 37. 

discussed. 

The auditing committee reported it had the books A motion on the advisability of having a paid sec 

correct. 

retary was referred to the board of directors for neces 

A. E. Munkel, Columbus, spoke on shop cards to sary action. 

keep track of all orders to avoid financial loss. A The following officers were unanimously elected: 

standard system will be of great assistance and elim A. E. Munkel, Columbus, Ohio, President; j. D. Gerinate 

much bookkeeping. 

kin, Toledo, Ohio, Vice-President; W. J. Kaiser, Co 

A card system applicable to any business was lumbus, Ohio, Secretary; W. J- Birmingham, Cleve 

adopted on motion. 

land, Ohio, Treasurer; Directors for year—L. W. 

National President A- P. Lamneck spoke on or Henslee, Zanesville; George Teshmacher, Cleveland; 

ganization and suggested that the solution for increas W. E. Lamneck, Columbus; M. B. Armstrong, Loning 

membership was consistant effort. Choose a man don; William Stechow, Cincinnati, and William Miller, 

with ability, who knows the business, pay him com- Dayton. 

mensurately and let him devote all his time to organ Dayton will be the meeting place next year. 

ization work. After organization is built up the The Toledo local association and the ladies were 

secretary might publish a bulletin to aid in counteract given a rising vote of thanks for the splendid hosing 

any detrimental propaganda whicli was against pitality. Votes of thanks were given to the local and 

the business and public good. He explained a system trade press, to the hotel management and to all who 

of overhead figuring, illustrating it as used with a worked for the success of the conventionfurnace 

job. 

Mrs. W. E. Miller, Dayton, thanked the local ladies 

J. C. Greenberg, Peoria, 111., told what was neces on behalf of the visitors and invited all to Dayton 

sary to be a good salesman and business man. Every in 1921. 

one has something to sell—a thing, an idea or a serv The meeting adjourned with tliree cheers for Retirice. 

He demonstrated that a business has four parts ing President John Weigel. 

—executive, financial, productive and sales—and that Every day had a new pleasure for the visitors, for 

many men of trade tried to be the whole works. He the energetic committee headed by John Gerken, was 

said that the buying public must be appealed to with right on the job at all times. Tuesday afternoon at 

quality ond reliability and explained how its con 

4.30 o'clock 30 automobiles took the 

fidence could be built up and what bearing proper Entertainment visitors on a 25-mile drive through 

business conduct had on the success of the businessthe 

city. At the art museum the con 

When confidence has been established, interest is the vention picture was taken and then all returned for 

next thing to be created. When the person is made to 

an excellent banquet and entertainment in the rooms 

appreciate the article a desire has been established. 

of the Chamber of Commerce. At 10 o'clock Mrs. 

Then comes action and the order. He pointed out 

Gerken and Mrs. Schmidlin escorted the ladies on a 

that the more a man knows about his business, the 

shoping tour and then to a luncheon at La Salle & 

greater will be his success. 

Koch's. 

In the afternoon the entire party boarded the 

The Thursday morning session was opened with an 

Steamer Greyhound for a sail to Sugar Island. Cards 

address on Workmen's Compensation by J. H. Lam 

and dancing and the breeze were enjoyed. The reneck 

of Industrial Commission of Ohio. He gave a 

turn was made on the City of Toledo, on which supper 

brief outline of the history of compensation laws, 

explained Ohio's law and cited cases of its applica 

was served. 

tion to industrial plants and contracting businesses. 

The firm of Orton & Ault, Wadsworth, was announced 

as a new individual member. 

The topic of Furnace Installation was discussed by 

R- E. Taylor, who pointed out that the biggest item in 

success of furnace heating was proper installation. 

The furnace is only about 25 per cent, of the plant. 

He told of the air movement and the proper placing 

of registers to have adequate circulation. He said 

that return ducts must be placed to drain house so 

heated air can come in and urged members to talk 

service of installation and not too much on just the 

furnace. Furnace men run into difficulty with people 

who do not always like the position selected for the 

Convention Notes 

Dayton delegates made everybody boosters for their 

city for the convention in 1921 and decorated the 

meeting room with Dayton banners. 

Cleveland came down with a flock of automobiles 

and 25 members, the largest delegation. 

Columbus came in force headed by National President 

A. P. Lamneck. Cincinnati was on the job and 

Zanesville had a 100 per cent, attendance. 

Frank Ederle, Grand Rapids, secretary of the Michigan 

association, was an interested visitor. 

A knife sharpener was a handy souvenir given by

158 METAL WORKER, PLUMRER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 30. 1920 

J. Heartley, the Heartley Machine, Variety Iron & 

Tool Works, Toledo. 

George Meyers, Perfection Furnace Pipe Co., Toledo, 

says see Professor Willard about double wall 

stack. 

Frank Hoersting, Dayton, his wife and daughter 

and Mr. and Mrs. Holtman left for a visit to Niagara 

Falls, N. Y.j and Cedar Point, Ohio. 

A straw vote taken showed Harding most popular, 

Cox second and one vote for Frank Hoersting of Dayton. 

Ohioans all. 

R. C. Dean, International Heater Co., Cleveland, 

attended the Ohio convention and then started for a 

vacation in Michigan accompanied by his wife and 

daughter. 

E. N. Rowley, Follensbee Bros. Co., came down 

from Detroit to see his Ohio friends. 

A. W. Howe and J. G. Heninger, J. M. & L. A. Osborn, 

Cleveland, Ohio, had ballons for everybody on 

the trip to Sugar Island. 

W. M. Huffman, Canton Art Metal Co., Canton, 

saw many new and old friends. 

A. L. Nebel, Nebel Mfg. Co., Cleveland, Ohio, entertained 

the ladies at all times. 

Jhon Vogeli, John Gerken, M. B. Armstrong and 

B. Brazier were the dancing masters on the good 

ship Greyhound. 

O. E. Jennings and J. Pietre, Michigan Stove Co., 

found many friends at the meetings. 

A handy key ring and holder was given to all by 

W. E. Lamneck Co., Columbus. 

George Auer, the Auer Register Co., had his nephew 

with him. 

Louis Kahn, 6th City Sheet Metal Works, Cleveland, 

drove over with his wife and two daughters. 

R. E. Taylor, Fox Furnace Co., Elyria, Ohio, talked 

on proper furnace installation at the Thursday session. 

Thomas I. Peacock, Grand Rapids, R. J. Schwab & 

Sons Co., had a "Giltedge" time. 

A most enjoyable luncheon was given by the Lamneck 

brothers, A. P. and W. E., at the close of the 

convention. Twenty-one sat down, including Mr. and 

Mrs. Munkell, Mr. and Mrs. Taylor, Mr. and Mrs. 

Brazier, Mr. and Mrs. Vogeli, Mr. and Mrs. Christian, 

Mr. and Mrs. Armstrong, Frank Hiller, J. Kinsner,' 

J. H. Lamneck, J. C. Greenberg, and the trade press 

representatives, Miss E. Cohen, The American Artisan 

and A. V. Hutchinson, METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

STEAM FITTER. 

enced difficulties in securing plumbing and heating material, 

asking him to secure necessary relief, we believe it 

will bring productive results; on the other hand, if this office 

can be of assistance to you in any special instance, please 

command us. 

News of the 


The New Executive Clerk 

T 1 HE first step taken by D. F. Durkin, Jr., on his 

election to the presidency of the National Association 

of Master Plumbers was to find a young man to 

serve the association as its executive clerk. His purpose 

was to find the man of the right qualifications 

who might well look forward to familiarizing himself 

with every detail of service required and learning 

under Mr. Durkin the policy of the association. Then 

he would know the course that must be pursued for a 

period of years to keep it abreast of the times and to 

render it of greatest value to the membership and thus 

be prepared to continue the service. 

Mr. Durkin was fortunate in securing John F. Whitaker, 

who, after graduating from the high school at 

Shenandoah, Pa., also gradu- [ 

ated from the Pierce Business 

College and spent one 

year at the Villa Nova College. 

After his education, Mr. 

Whitaker spent three years 

with the Philadelphia Electric 

Co. as a bookkeeper and 

two years and a half with 

the Government in tbe capacity 

of Deputy Collector of 

Internal Revenue. 

In the practical field he 

spent three years with the 

Philadelphia" & Reading 

Coal & Ir ron engineering corps 

THE 

JOHN 

NEW EXECUTIVE- 

CLERK. 

1-'. Win TAKER 

These are the qualifications and this is the experience 

which Mr. Whitaker brings to the National Association 

in taking up the work of executive clerk, 

New York Freight Shipments 

which is exacting both as to keeping its financial accounts 

with the different associations and members 

The interests of the members of the Eastern Supplv and in the correspondence covering a wide variety of 

Association on New York Shipments have been cared interest as well as subjects. 

for as is made clear in the following letter from Secretary 

Frank S. Hanley to the members: 

Mr. Durkin is fortunate in having as his secretary 

Mr. J. C. Lincoln, manager, traffic bureau, of the Mer George F. Uber, who has had previous experience in 

chants' Association of New York, 233 Broadway, New York the same capacity. Under these two men Mr. Whit 

City, was written to in reference to the expediting of plumbing 

New 

and 

York. 

heating material to, from and through the Port of 

aker will be developed so that should he and the next 

administration desire, there is no reason why he should 

Mr. Lincoln oln suggests that we get in touch with B. C. Craig, not develop valuable qualifications to serve several fu 

chairman of the Special Terminal Committee, appointed ture administrations in the same capacity. 

by the Interstate Commerce Commission, to expedite the 

movement of freight in this vicinity. 

Mr. Craig's committee is located at 49 Lafayette Street, 

New York City. If you will get in touch with Mr, Craig 

direct, citing specific instances in which you have experi 

Mr. Whittaker will be found in the headquarters of 

the association at 108 South Twentieth Street, Philadelphia, 

ever ready to respond to the requirements of 

the general membership.


H. M. ALGEO, 

WILLIAM THOMPSON 

AND H. E. HARPER 

Third Tournament of Western Golfers 

L 11 ER PICTURE—FRANK KAULHACK, M. 

CZARNIECKI AND T. WHITNEY 

I OWER PICTURE—L. C HUCKINS. M. J. CZAR 

NIECKI, PETER MUNN, HAROLD CROSS, 

HARRY BOOTH AND T. WHITNEY 

T. WHITNEY, DUBUQUE. 

BRUCE FULTON, CHICAGO. 

LEW JENKS, CHICAGO 

PETER FRYE. MINNEAPOLIS. 


M. J. Czarniecki 44 

Barbecue and Golf Meet of the Western Trade Golf Asso C. H. Bishop 

T. J. Cusack 

ciation, July 20, at Harlem, 111. 

S. L. Wright 

G. Shutcroft 

The Western Trade Golf Association staged the H. N. Booth 

third tournament of the year at Harlem Golf Club, A. S. Lindeblad 

Harlem, 111, on Tuesday, July 20, with ideal weather 

Peter Munn 

W. Wickersham 

and a record-breaking attendance. 

E. W. Sanborn 

The tournament was under the personal manage C. C. Todd 

L. B. Fulton 

ment of Bill Bvrd and attracted no doubt by the an H. B. Whitney 

nouncement of'a barbecue 80 members and guests C. R. Elliott 

came out to participate in this unusual and enjoyable H. A. Cross 

F. S. Crumley 

feature. Even then not all in attendance took part m 

Wm. Thompson 

the golf tournament, which kept Captain E. W. San F. S. Kaulback 

born busy. 

H. Craig 

T. P. Wade 

The large number of sixteen foursomes competed Henrv O'Callaghan 

for the flight prizes, special prizes of the officers, the Charles Herbert 

season trophies of the Plumbers' Trade Journal, Do John Keeley 

H. M. Hurd 

mestic Engineering and METAL WORKER, PLUMBER 

A. H. Lorenger 

AND STEAM FITTER, and also for the new Association L. R. Taylor 

46 

54 

55 

' 58 

' 54 

' -g 

' 46 

' 4g 

' 4- 

54 

' 47 

' 47 

' 5? 

' 47 

' 69 

43 

45 

\7 

44 

' 42 

' ' " ' 46 

48 

59 

38 

" ' ' 47 

Cup. 

Tom Barnes of Mansfield, Ohio,was first to have the 

D. E. McCabe 

J. P. Dugger 

Harry Algeo 

' ' ' ' 54 

" 59 

' 55 

honor of having his name inscribed on this trophy. H. E. Harper ' 52 

Tom had won the cup at the meet of the association at 

Olympia Fields Country Club on June 30. 

G. J. Meyer 

R. A. Griffin 

P. J. Frey ' 

' 70 

55 

47 

There were many close contenders for the association 

prize on the fast course, and the honor was divided 

between E. J. Ewing and Thomas P. Wade of 


Dr. Roberts 

L. C. Huckins 

H. Shaw 

' ' ' 47 

' ' ' 51 

'45 

;' 52 

Chicago, who each made a score of 63 net for the 18 

holes. With a 16 handicap, Mr. Ewing shot an excellent 

game. His gross was 79 or just 8 above par 

R. Collins 

H. M. Hart 

D. Cleveland 

O. Agricola 

47 

44 

' 74 

''".'.'. . 43 

for the course. Tom Wade made the lowest score he W. J. Raymer go 

has ever made on any course, with a handicap of 25 ; 

had an 88 gross for the 18 holes. The next meet will 

W. E. McCollum 

H. E. Keeler 

Roy Andrews 

' 51 

' ' ' ' 47 

' 55 

see the tie played off. 

H. Evans .60 

The best of some exceptionally good scores were 

S. A. Witt 

L. E. Wallace 

48 

51 

C. J. Swan 43 

D. M. Forgan 

R. C. Flinder 

M. Weil 

4S 

'.'..'.'. 56 

' .76 

B. E. Weil L. C. Garrity Murray 

' ..56 48


made in the morning was that of L. R. Taylor, who 

shot a 3cS. How that boy can drive! Charles P. 

Herbert with a 12 and Frank S. Kaulback, W. J. 

Rayiner and D. M. Morgan each made a fine •__. 

Fifty-five members and guests took part in the 

morning qualifying round and 6-1 in the afternoon 

play. 

The guest prize, a silver medal fob of the association, 

was won by D. Cleveland with a net of 61. The 

Duffer's Cup was won by W. M. Thompson with a 

net score of 105. 

AFTERNOON FLIGHT IN FOURSOMES 

First Flight Gross H'dicap Net 

F. S. Crumley (winnerl 99 UO 69 

F. J. Cusack 101 30 71 

L. R. Taylor S6 12 74 

C. C. Todd 

Second Flight 

107 30 77 

M. J. Czarniecki (winner) SS 19 69 

H. E. Whitney 94 28 66 

C. H. Bishop 91 22 69 

F. S\ Kaulback 

Third Flight 

96 20 76 

I>. E. McCabe (winner) 93 21 72 

Lir. Roberts 96 22 74 

Paul Blatchford H4 19 75 

L. M. Butler 96 20 76 

W. Wickersham 

Fourth Flight 

(winner) 90 15 75 

J. P. Dugger 103 25 7S 

A. S. Lindeblad 108 30 7S 

G J. Meyer 112 30 82 

Fifth Flight 

L. P. Fulton (winner) 102 28 73 

P. J. Frey 105 30 75 

G. Shutcroft 115 30 S5 

S. L. Wright 

Sixth F'ight 

112 26 iO 

H \Y Booth (winner) 108 S» 73 

L. L. Huckins 9d 21 75 

II. A. Cross 10b SO 76 

Peter Munn 10. 30 79 

W. E. McColltn 

Seventh Flight 

(winner) ^ 30 s° 

H. M. Algeo 

H. E. Harper 

:j4 

]30 

30 

30 

S4 

100 

\\ m. Thompson 

Eighth Flight 

135 30 105 

E. J. Ewing (winner) 7!) 16 6? 

C. M. Shell-ill H16 ::,, 7J; 

F. I'. Keeney 

J. F. Carroll 

Ninth Flight 

116 

10" 

30 

16 

86 

S6 

H. M. Hart (winner) 95 °6 69 

D. Cleveland 85 24 61 

W. J. Raymer 96 is 77 

C. I:. Elliott 

Tenth Flight 

ior, 96 At 

H. Craig (winner) 87 js gr, 

H. E. Keeler 95 -,, -, 

H. Shaw SS 12 7B 

H. M. Hurd 

Eleventh Flight 

96 18 7s 

C. S\ Stringer (winner) 

A. E. Stringer 

94 

99 

09 

3^ 

6- 

-,„ 

A. Collins 

A. H. Lorenger 

Twelfth Flight 

94 

116 

,0 

3n 

2j 

A 

L. E. Wallace (winner! 89 22 67 

I). M. Forgan gg ^ g 7., 

A. (_'. Flinder 

C. J. Swan 

\ 97 

106 

Thirteenth Flight 

:1 

25 

75 

Sl 

T. I'. Wade (winner) SS 25 63 

John Keelev 

H. MV-d lag-nan '" 

91 

90 

.fi 

on 

A 

S 

C. P. Herbert A AAA. 

Fourteenth Flight 

92 16 76 

E. J. Claffey (winncri 96 "5 71 

K. L. Bortner ' 90 .„ A„ 

R. L. Ottke .'A. 85 12 73 

•I. R. Andrews 93 ,.Q A 

Fifteenth Flight 

H. \\ . Rvans (winner) 

S. A. Witt 

101 

04 

•« 

ll 

71 

l\ 

J- A. Cook n5 g° H 

O. Agricola 13] 30 »? 

B. I;. Weil L. Murray (winner) Sixteenth Flight ;;• „fi 87 A 01 l e The for which The M. E- C Weil members the lamb Bill r occasion .rritv and Byrd who pig .. had enjoyed which worked been had the preparing up been barbecue a good roasted all . appetite HJ [ after afternoon. 7 under the \l jjj a play \l f . 

slow fire was cut up and served with some Mexican 

pepper and a combination salad and made a delicious 

meal. Joe Carroll furnished home-made beer and 

proved a very popular thirst quencher. An exciting 

African golf game was in progress before and after 

the meal. 

The barbecue and golf tournament was a great success, 

and as an evidence of their appreciation the members 

unanimousl}' extended a vote of thanks to Bill 

Byrd and also to Joe Carroll for their able assistance 

in rendering the day one of the most enjoyable in the 

history of the Western Trade Golf Association. 

Sanitary Engineering Society for 

Standardization 

Members Urged to Be Present at Meeting in 

St. Louis. Sept. 7. 8 and 9 

Members of the American Society of Sanitary Engineering. 

8 East Chestnut Street, Columbus, Ohio, are 

receiving under the date of July 16 the following 

letter: 

You are interested in standardization. You know that the 

standardization of plunibing and plumbing materials will be 

beneficial to your city. You can assist a movement that requires 

service, self-sacrifice and co-operation. We know 

that thousands of dollars can be saved through the standardization 

of plumbing and plumbing materials without destroying 

thc efficiency of the system. 

Standardization will aid production. Standaraization will 

assist in solving the housing problem. Standardization will 

divert temporary into permanent labor production. Standardization 

will stimulate building operations. Standardization 

will eliminate waste. Standardization will minimize 

repairs. Standardization will simplify installation. Standardization 

will assist in fair competition. Standardization 

will give opportunity for uniform and equal application 

and enforcement of sanitary laws. Standardization will 

help make tlie world sanitary for humanity. 

If you believe in standardization vou should be present 

at our St. Louis meeting, Sept. 7, . and 9, to advise, assist 

and give constructive criticisms upon the work contemplated 

\ou realize how important a task we have undertaken and 

how much wc need your support. Every state and city are 

equally concerned. Write us by return mail so we may 


ADEN E. SMITH, 

,,. _ „ A. E. Smith, Secretary. 

\\ ILLIAM C. GROENIGER, President, 

8 East Chestnut Street, 

Columbus. Ohio. 

Toledo Plumbers' and Steam Fitters' Outing 

The Toledo Plumbers and Steam Fitters'Âssociahon 

will hold its annual outing at Sugar Island Aug. 

r-t . V 1 ,* .T_ be a " all " da - 

Lity of loledo has been chartered. 

Bayonne Plumbers' Outing 

To Be Held at Midland Park on Aug. 21 

The Bayonne Master Plumbers' annual outing and 

games will be held at Midland Park, Grant City, 

Staten Island, on Saturday, Aug. 21, 1920. The fol- 

Tu.L_.isT SCnt ,. the members and *he trade: 

Automobiles to assemble at 9 a. m. corner Thirty first 

a Pietr' U,e tf' The 3Ut T 0biIe dde t0 *he P-k is 

W wan. f,l nery a '° n e the famous Hudson. 

vve want you to meet the men who are givine their time 

suppo °_U a n nd thC '"H'^ 5 : ° f a "' 3nd ° f the ê s ha 

the work Pe *° gain y0Ur interest a "d labor In 

We want especially all master plumbers to have the op- 

v affai


portunity which we expect to be afforded at this outing, 

of meeting and knowing our newly elected State officers of 

the Master Plumbers' Assoeiation of New Jersey. 

The day promises to be a profitable and pleasant one for 

all who attend, and we trust that you will be with us. 

Kindly make returns payable to E. Meade, Treasurer, 

156 Humphrey Avenue, Bayonne, N. J. 

Remember the date, Saturday, Aug. 21, 1920. 

JAMES LOOMIS, 

Secretary of Committee. 

N. B.—To the Supply Houses: Our association would 

greatly appreciate a gift from you, which will be donated 

to the lucky winners of the various games. 

Maine Master Plumbers' Association 

Annual Outing and Field Day to Be Held at Riverton Park, 

Aug. 16 

At a recent meeting of the executive committee of 

his Maine Association of Master Plumbers association 

presided over by Vice-president E. A. Wheeler, Port 

land, Me., it was decided to hold the annual field 

day and outing of the association at Riverton Park. 

Monday, Aug. 16. 

Riverton is one of Portland's suburban trolley 

resorts located on the Presumpscott River and parti 

cularly well situated for the entertainment .and en 

joyment of men, women and children. 

Researcb Work For the Trade 

Brief Descriptions of Certain Trade Staffs, Work and Equip 

ment 

There is great value in the facts discovered by pa 

tient search by liighly trained experts and all the 

trades benefit. Few who are engaged in construction 

work in our fields realize that scienists are continually 

at work for benefit to tliese industries and much that 

tiie average man has to make a guess on what has 

been determined so no risk is necessary. All that many 

men could use to advantage may be had by simply 

asking for it. In the Bulletin of the National Re 

search Council there is a classified list of some three 

hundred laboratories in industrial establishments in 

the United States from which the following of direct 

interest to our readers have been taken: 

AMERICAN SHEET & TIN PLATE Co., 210 Semple Street, 

Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Research staff: R. E. Zimmerman, 9 chemical engineers, 

2 chemists, 1 physicist, 1 metallurgist. 

Research work: Full time of 14 on chemical engineering 

problems relating to the manufacture of sheet steel, tin 

plate and galvanized sheets; metallurgy, metallography and 

pyrometry as applied to these manufacturing processes. 

INLAND STEEL CO., Indiana Harbor, Ind. 

Research staff: J. C. Dickson, 29 chemists and .5 chemical 

engineers. 

Research work: Full time of _ and part time of 30 on 

problems connected with steel industry. 

Unusual equipment: FUectric and gas furnaces, physical 

testing machines. 

XATIONAL TUBE Co., Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Manufactures 

steel and iron tubes and pipes. 

Research staff: F. N. Speller and 6 to 8 men. 

Research work: Full time of staff on corrosion of iron 

and steel under water. 

Unusual equipment: Metallographic apparatus and physical 

testing machines of (dl kinds. 

XEW JERSEY ZINC Co., 160 Front Street, New York, N. Y. 

Research staff: J. A. Singmaster, 25 chemists, 5 physicists 

and 50 assistants. 

Research work: Full time of 81 on chemical investigations 

connected with metallurgy of zinc manufacture and utilization 

of sulphuric acid and production and properties of 

worked metallic zinc in shape of sheets, rods, tubes, etc.; also 

manufacture and use of zinc oxidei n rubber and paint industries. 

PREST-O-LITI: Co., INC., Indianapolis, Ind. Manufactures 

storage battaries; deep drawn seamless steel shells and cylinders; 

dissolved acetylene for lighting, welding and cutting. 

Research staff: ,T. H. Naiden, 2 trained research workers 

and 10 laboratory workers. 

Research work: Practically full time of 3 on problems 

connected with the industry, chiefly relating to storage 

batteries. 

Unusual equipment: Motor generator set; alternating 

current equipment for testing electrical machinery; well 

equipped with portable electrical apparatus; battery experimental 

room; 2-ton ice machine fore ooling box 20x10 

ft at 60 deg. Fahr. continuously; storage battery research 

room. 

The headquarters of the Council are at 1201 Six 

teenth Street, Washington, D. C, and any concern 

wliich is not listed is requested to inform the Council. 



SHEET METAL AND FURNACE IN 

DUSTRY 

JOHN D. GREEN, vice-president of Rathbone-Sard Co., 

in a letter states that he is in Aurora, 111., looking 

after the interests of the Acorn line of stoves and 

ranges and in all probability will be in Aurora for 

some time to come. 

ANNOUNCEMENT Is MAOE BY THE BROWN-WALES CO., 

Boston, Mass., that a new edition of its steel hand 

brakes has just come in and they are ready for 

distribution. If any sheet metal tradesman has 

not received a copy in the near future, he should 

apprise the company of the fact. 

THOSE WHO DESIRE TO CHANGE the style of their 

automobile body will be interested in the statement 

that the Kuempel Co. Guttenberg, Iowa, can fur 

nish the Red-I-Kut, large size printed paper pat 

tern of parts of the body with simple instructions 

covering the production of a body. Three types of 

sport bodies have been standardized for the Ford 

machine. Correspondence with the company will 

secure instructive circulars bearing on this matter. 

MEN WHO MAKE A SPECIALTY of furnace work are 

receiving from R. J. Schwab & Sons Co. a form let 

ter to be used urging people to have tlieir furnaces 

cleaned and put in first-class shape for the winter 

at the earliest possible moment. They are also fur 

nishing a sign for hanging in front of establish 

ments: "Now is the time to clean and repair your 

furnace. Let us do it."


Angle and Pipe Bending Machines 

The angle bending machine shown in the accompanying 

illustration is manufactured by the Wallace 

Supplies Mfg. Co., 412 Orleans Street, Chicago, and 

is for bending angles, channels, tees, rounds, square, 

square twisted, special section and flat bars on edge. 

A machine similar in appearance is for bending pipe 

or tubing up to 2-in. size (2.375 in. outside diameter.) 

The material to be bent is clamped to the head or 

form, the form being machined to suit the section of 

material. Angels can be bent either with the web of 

angles on the inside or the outside of the circle. A 

follower bar operates between the rollers and the material 

and is machined to suit the section of the material. 

The roller bracket for the follower bar is adjustable 

to and from the center, with a range to admit 

of the use of forms as large as 50 in. in diameter. Machines 

with greater adjustment can be furnished when 

ANGLE BENDING MACHINE 

required. A U-shaped clamping plate holds angles to 

the follower bar and prevents distortion of the angle 

iron. It is explained that the clamp can be quickly 

applied and removed. 

The machine is operated by a lever engaging a friction 

clutch pulley for forward and reverse and is 

equipped with adjustable stops to automatically disengage 

the clutch when the bend is completed; also, 

to disengage the clutch from reverse when rollers have 

returned to the starting position. The stops are ad 

justable to suit any degree of angle required. The 

heads or forms are not standard but are made to suit 

the customers' requirements. 

The illustration shows the machine equipped with 

dies suitable for bending angle iron, with the web of 

angle which is in the horizontal plane to be bent to the 

inside of the circle. Samples of work bent up are also 

shown. 

Four forming heads are furnished with the pipe 

bending machine for bending pipe to a radius of 90 

deg. or less as follows: 1 in. iron pipe to 6 in. radius, 

ll/4 in. pipe to 9 in. radius, ll/2 in. pipe to 12 in. 

radius and 2 in. pipe to 14 in. radius. The bends can 

be made cold and without the use of an inside follower 

or floating mandrel. Special forms and inside follower 

bars can be supplied to suit special requirements. 

The pipe is secured to the form by a strap and both 

the outside follower and the form are grooved with the 

proper clearance to secure the best results. It is explained 

that the outside follower bar operates between 

the tube and roller instead of the roller working di 

rectly on the tube thus to support the tube for a 

greater distance and eliminate the depression which 

sometimes shows on the tube when the roller operates 

directly on the material. 

England Depends Upon America for Zinc 

According to H. M. Ridge, of London, an authority 

on the European zinc industry, Great Britain will be 

dependent upon American zinc for some time to come. 

He pointed out that the world's slab zinc production 

last year was 520,000 tons, including 410,000 tons in 

the United States, but only about 20,000 tons in 

Great Britain, where output has been limited by ore 

shortage and labor troubles. Production in America 

is satisfactory, but Belgium is producing only 6,500 

tons a month, or 39 per cent, of the pre-war output; 

Germany, 3,500 tons, or 14 per cent., and Great 

Britain, 2,000 tons, or 40 per cent. 

Owing to the necessity of preference being given 

to the shipment of foodstuffs, wool and other essential 

commodities, zinc ore is being shut out, and there 

seems no prospect of the British on Belgium works 

being able to run their furnaces at full capacity in 

the near future. 

If we are to become independent of foreign supplies 

of slab zinc, the extension of existing plans and 

the erection of new works are necessary. During the 

war zinc smelting was classified as one of the important 

key industries, but no steps have yet been taken 

to make the country self-supporting, even though ample 

supplies for ore are available within the empire. 


THE BASTIAN-MORLEY CO., Laporte, Ind., has for 

distribution by high grade plumbers a very forceful 

and well gotten up folder illustrating and explaining 

the B-M Combined Range Boiler and Tank 

Heater. For plumbers, who will push this line, 

they are imprinting them free of charge. The 

folder is designed for counter distribution in the 

plumbing shops, and when opened out forms a 

catchy wall hanger. This interest and co-operation 

with the plumber deserves the support of the 

trade as it means better business for all. 

THE JULY PRICE GUIOE of plumbing, heating and 

goods, and slieet metal issued by Brown-Wales 

Co., Boston, Mass., shows a universal discount 

on all the goods except soil pipe and fittings which 

carries an extra 10 per cent. The catalog shows 

an extensive variety of the things which the plumbing 

and heating contractor is daily using and the 

line of sheet metal is equally far reaching in its 

extent. 

Cause of Explosion 

The explosion of a motorboat tank he was soldering 

rendered Frank W. Miller, a Saranac Lake 

plumber and tinsmith, unconscious, badly cut him 

about the face and head and knocked out nearly 

every tooth. An investigation of the accident gives 

the belief that there was a small quantity of gasoline 

left in the motorboat tank, or at least some 

fumes still remained. These became ignited from 

the heat of the soldering torch and resulted in the 

explosion.


New Collapsible Forge 

The Wright Bros. Boiler & Machine Co., Ranger, 

Texas, has developed a new collapsible or "breakdown" 

forge that is coming into extensive use in the 

Southwestern oil fields. The forge is designed for 

oil field tool workers, who find portable equipment 

very desirable owing to its compactness and the ease 

with which it can be set up wherever and whenever 

needed. 

The new forge is being built on a production basis 

in the shops of this company as a side issue to its 

regular business. The entire manufacturing operation, 

which consists simply of cutting metal sheets to 

pattern and welding of the points, is done with the 

oxy-acetelyne flame, and the equipment required is 

almost as simple and compact as the forge itself. Besides 

material and operators the only requisites are 

the Oxweld cutting and welding blowpipes, Prest-O- 

Lite dissolved acetelyne and Linde oxygen, the gases 

being supplied in portable cylinders. 

M0DERNS1NK 

In "four K't'hi'i^ . 

ikrmn Pre?'. 

A PATRIOTIC WINDOW DISPLAY 

APPROPRIATE FOE THE MONTH OF JULY. BACHMAN BROS., LA 

PORTE, IND._ MADE THE DISPLAY SHOWN ABOVE AND 

REPRODUCED HERE DURING THE WHOLE MONTH. IT 

RECEIVED MANY COMPLIMENTS. THE FIRM MADE 

THE FURTHER STATEMENT: "IT PAYS TO 

DUPLICATE THE SHOW WINDOW DIS 

PLAY IN THE T. A. B. MONTHLY 

BULLETIN" 

New Circular Shows Company's Plant 

A splendid example of selling enterprise is afforded 

in the copy of a 1-page circular, issued by the 

N. D. Holmes & Sons Co., corner of Portland and 

Myrtle Streets, Worcester, Mass. 

The first page shows the company's up-to-theminute 

heating, ventilating, sheet metal and plumbing 

plant, which consists of a handsome 4-story and basement 

building in whicli the engineers have been serving 

the people of Worcester and adjacent countries for 

more than 20 years. Many of the finest homes, factories 

and business places in the territory have been 

equipped by the company. Nine halftone engravings 

show the general reception room, the private offices, 

the engineering draughting room, then the showroom 

with bathtubs, closets, lavatories, the storehouse with 

racks for galvanized, copper and zinc sheets, bins for 

valves and fittings. Other halftone engravings show 

the pipe cutting and threading shops with the storehouse 

of all sizes of pipe, and still another view shows 

the sheet metal shop in which all branches of sheet 

metal work is made. 

Such a circular laid before architects, builders, 

heads of factories or private citizens makes a very 

impressive presentation of the qualifications of the 

concerns who serve almost any need in this particular 

field. 

Maine Notes 

THE SKOWHEGAN BRANCH of Steward & Marston, 

Waterville, Maine, has been purchased by William 

D. Sargent and Chester Nutting, former employees, 

and will be conducted under the firm name of William 

D. Sargent & Co. This firm does a general 

plumbing, heating and sheet metal business and 

has been conducted under various firm names for 

about 35 years. 

LONGLEY & BUTTS, who have been associated in the 

hardware, plumbing, heating and sheet metal business 

at Norway, have recently dissolved partnership. 

L. M. Longley will conduct the business 

under the same firm 'name, while his former associate. 

R. R. Butts, will be located at South Paris, 

in the same lines except the hardware lines. 

THE PARIS MACHINE CO., South Paris, recently 

managed by M. A. Prescott, who in addition to the 

machine business carried on a plumbing and heating 

department, has been purchased by J. N. 

Oswell. Mr. Oswell will conduct the business 

under his own name but discontinuing the latter 

lines. 

A. H. BICKFORD, for many years with Steward & 

Marston, Waterville, Maine., has recently purchased 

the plumbing, heating and sheet metal business 

of Wiliam G. Gagne, Temple Street, Waterville 

which he will conduct under his own name. 

New Boston Boiler Warehouse 

The William H. Page Boiler Co., desirous of rendering 

the verv best delivery service to its New England 

customers and appreciating this service is a vital 

factor under existing conditions has leased and 

stocked a large Boston warehouse at 379 Commercial


Street, at the Battery Station of the Boston Elevated 

Railroad, and known as Battery Wharf, formerly occupied 

by the Merchants & Miners Transportation Co. 

The new warehouse will be equipped for handling 

many carloads of Page boilers. The company is fortunate 

in securing a warehouse so centrally located, it being 

adjacent to all steamship lines covering the entire 

coast and near all express offices and freight terminals. 

This new warehouse will enable the Page company 

to land its boilers in Boston by boat and rail from its 

factory at Meadville, Pa., and its general distributing 

warehouse at Bush Terminal, New York. Railroad 

sidings provide for unloading of cars on one side of 

the warehouse and the boats unload on the other. Ten 

large shipping doors allow delivery trucks to be 

loaded without waiting their turn. 

The company proposes to carry a large and complete 

stock of both round and sectional Volunteer and 

Monarch boilers in Boston and the advantageous location 

of their new warehouse will render very prompt 

service to the trade. The company's sales office will 

remain at 100 High Street. 

Late Trade News 

A. J. MADSON has just returned from a vacation and 

as assistant manager of the Chicago branch, 2547 

Arlington Street, of the Whittaker-Glessner Co., is 

prepared to give careful attention to the needs of 

the trade for the "Corco" sheets and products. 

THE LARGE DEMAND for Reliance hot water storage 

tanks has made it necessary for the Milwaukee Reliance 

Boiler Works, Milwaukee, Wis., to double 

the capacity of its manufacturing facilities, as well 

as making an addition 75 x 100 ft. to its plant. 

The company makes welded and riveted steel tanks 

for every purpose, as well as feed water heaters 

and vertical boilers. 

THE CHANDLER HEATER CO., Cedar Rapids. Iowa, 

has recently completed a fireproof pattern room, 

and a large amount of machinery for the manufacture 

of a line of Chandler steam and hot water 

boilers and warm-air furnaees. The company was 

formerly known as the Iowa Radiator Co., which 

was changed about the first of the year when its 

capital stock was increased from $50,000 to 

$150,000. 

THE JULY NUMBER of the Valve World, issued by 

Crane Co., Chicago, 111., is devoted to the celebration 

of the sixty-fifth anniversary of the establishment 

of Crane Co. Particularly is presented the 

resolution made by the founder of Crane Co. on 

July 4, 1855: "I am resolved to conduct my business 

in the strictest honesty and fairness, to avoid 

all deception and trickery, to deal fairly with both 

customers and competitors, to be liberal and just 

toward employees and to put my whole mind upon 

the business." It is stated that the essence of this 

resolution is the business policy of Crane Co. to-day. 

THOSE WHO ARE INTERESTED in Americanization work 

will be interested in a pamphlet of 25 pages, entitled 

"Visualizing Citizenship." by Ina Clement. 

This can be secured from the Municipal Reference 

Library, City of New York, R. B. Rankin, Li 

brarian, for 15c. It is known as Special Report No. 

4, and is interesting from the several pages listing 

the various kind of moving picture films which can 

be rented to make some Americans acquainted with 

what other American people are doing in the manufacture 

of goods, introducing new methods, educating 

the blind' and similar things. Those industries 

which are running films occasionally for the 

entertainment of their workmen will be interested in 

procuring a copy for reference. 

Delaware Valley Golf Meet 

Ideal Weather Conditions Favor Guests at Lu Lu Country 

Club, Edge Hill, on July 20 

The July meeting of the Delaware Valley Trade 

Golf Association was held at the Lu Lu Country Club, 

Edge Hill, Pa., on July 20, with 28 members and 3 

guests in attendance. 

The first prize for the morning event was awarded 

to R. C. Bolsinger and the second prize to Thomas 

W. Cooper. 

Afternoon event, best ball foursome prizes were 

awarded as follows: First prize, Howard Murray 

and Fred Allen; second prize, John Bitzer; third 

prize, W. P. Kerr and J. B. Strausner. 

R. C. Bolsinger also played with John Bitzer in 

the afternoon match and was entitled to the afternoon 

prize, but owing to the fact that he had won the morning 

prize and the rule of the club being that not more 

than one prize should be awarded to any one member 

in a day's play, tliere was only one afternoon prize 

to Mr. Bitzer. 

Weather conditions for the day were ideal and those 

present voted that the meeting was a success from 

every point of view. 

The next meeting will be held on Tuesday, Aug. 

17, at the White Marsh Valley Country Club, Chestnut 

Hill Philadelphia. 

Outing for Plumbing and Steam Trade 

Saturday, Aug. 8, Date Set for Trip to Karatsonyi's 

Hotel, Glenwood-on-tbe-Sound 

It is the growing realization that there is a positive 

advantage in having a personal acquaintance with men 

in your own line of business that has led to the preparation 

for the first annual outing and games of the 

Greater New York Association of Jobbers of Plumbing 

and Steam Heating Supplies. 

All arrangements have been made to leave New 

York City at 9 o'clock on Saturday morning, Aug. 7, 

for Karatsonyi's Hotel at Glenwood-on-the-Sound, the 

railroad station being at Glen Head. The officers of 

the assoeiation are: President, J. G. Kelly; vicepresident, 

M. Weinsier; treasurer, Henry Schumacher; 

secretary, Frank S. Hanley, 261 Broadway, 

New York City; executive committee, the officers and 

M. Behrer, F. H. Boardman, C. V. Driggs, H. D. 

Gasner, H. Greenberg, C. O. Ketchum, E. A. London 

and Robert Smolka. The past-presidents are A. K. 

Sage and Edward Smolka. I. O. Koven is the honorary 

member. 

Saturday is a half holiday and the trade in connection 

with these houses is invited to make it a whole 

holiday in enjoyment of the sports that will be pre-


sented and in the making of new acquaintances. A 

strange story about a man you know, you give little 

credence and all of the fellows in this trade should 

be proof against a story and will be to those who know 

each other intimately. 

Death of Henry J. Whitcomb 

On Friday, July 9, Henry J. Whitcomb, 306 Belmont 

Avenue, Springfield, Mass, died in the seventythird 

year of his age. Mr. Whitcomb had been associated 

with the stove business the major portion of 

his life and was connected with the Whitcomb Stove 

Co.*until his retirement in 1913. He was a pastmaster 

of Hampden Masonic Lodge and a member of 

the Trinity Episcopal Church. 

Saving The Tin 

After trying many other processes of recovering 

tin from old cans, there is now, according to La 

Nature (Paris), a return to the old-fashioned method 

of boiling the scraps (well cleaned) in a solution containing 

an excess of free alkali and saltpeter. The 

tin is recovered as crystals of stannate of soda and 

the alkali and saltpeter can be used over and over 

again. 

Signer's of Non-Union Agreements 

(Continued from page 152) 

"The court finds as a matter of fact that the picketing 

of plaintiff's shop has been attended with frequent 

acts of violence, threats, abusive language 

Picketing and other coercive and intimidating acts 

and and the part of the defendants, culminat- 

Violence ing m a brutal assault upon two of plaintiff's 

employees on April 9, 1920, by four 

niembers of the defendant union. 

"As to prospective employees of the plaintiff, the 

union may use peaceful persuasion in order to induce 

them to abstain from accepting employment. This it 

would seem, would be the only legitimate function'of 

pickets at or about the plaintiff's works, but because 

of past acts of violence and abuse an injunction may 

be issued restraining the defendants from abusive language, 

threats, violence, coercion and intimidation 

against or toward present employees and prospective 

employees alike." 

Hence, in the case of the John Douglas Co., the 

injunction was perpetual as to all threats, violence, 

abusive language, coercion and intimidation toward 

employees or prospective employees; restraining the 

defendants from accosting or from commencing interviews, 

communications, dealings or negotiations with 

any of the present employees relative to membership 

in the union or relative to their employment. 



Black and Oalvanized Sheets—Receipts good. Demand 

diminishing. 

Tin Plate—Shortage of prompt continues. 

Tin—Quiet and little demand. 

Copper—Good demand. Prices firm. 

Lead—Pronounced strength with higher prices. 

Zinc—Demand light. Prices steady. 

Antimony—Quiet and slightly lower prices. 

Foundry Pig Iron—Interest centers in present and next 

year deliveries. 

Foundry Coke—Supply inadequate. Shipment and production 

slightly increased. Prices higher. 

Linseed Oil—Fair demand and prices unchanged. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Demand light. Stocks low. 

more plentiful to move steel for the industries or coal 

for warming homes this winter and the price is 

stronger than people feel they can bear. 

Pig iron is still strong with blast furnaces going out 

and buyers willing to pay the price to insure supplies 

for the first half of 1921. Savings banks are willing 

to pay 4 per cent, on sums up to $5,000 where heretofore 

$3,000 was the limit. The advise to all may 

well be work as hard as you know how with head and 

hands and try to excel the Scotch in thrift. 


New York.— There is a decided scarcity of spot foundry 

iron, and brokers who have orders from foundries are finding 

it impossible to make purchases. The tendency of 

Wait Till the Clouds Roll By 

prices continues upward. The quotation of $46, furnace 

made by a leading Virginia interest for the first half of 

next year, has been withdrawn and the company is now 

£j[ The Shamrock signalled Saturday's weather too asking $47, although it is understood the tonnage sold has 

-il stiff for her and the Resolute had to wait for not been large. This action indicates the conservative pol 

light air to show that /Lmerican genius can meet any 

icy of furnaces as to bookings for delivery next year. It 

seems certain that on account of transportation troubles, 

conditions. Keep up your courage and qualifications. 

large tonnages for this year's delivery will be carried over 

It is unfortunate for the Interchurch World Move into 1921. Iron is now being purchased by many melters 

ment investigation of the steel industry that it cast from very unusual sources, and shipments are made long 

reflections on the enterprise in that it shows very distances, entailing heavy freight charges. The coke situa 

clearly that the investigators knew what they wanted tion continues extremely unsatisfactory to the furnaees, 

to find and found it. Doubtless Judge Gary's vacation 

will not have its pleasure marred by it. Cars are no 

and as high as $23.75, delivered, has been paid for furnace 

eoke. There seems to be no prospect of early improvement 

in transportation conditions and still higher pig iron prices 

are predicted.


We quote for deliverv in New York as follows: 

East Pa., No. 1 fdy., sil. 275 to 3.25 51.SO 

East Pa., No. 2X fdy., sil. 2.25 to 2.75 50.05 

East Pa., No. 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 48.80 

No. 2X, Virginia, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 50.40 

Chicago.—Several large sales of foundry for both last 

half and 1921 delivery have been negotiated within the past 

week and at the same time numerous smaller orders for 

both prompt and more extended shipment have been closed. 

Merchant iron production in this district is still satisfactory, 

but coke output has shown only slight improvement, 

the operations of the local by-products plant being about 

80 per cent, of normal. 

Scrap Iron, Chicago.—Prices have advanced on a number 

of grades and sentiment among dealers is more optimistic, 

but nevertheless the market is rather spotty, indicating 

that current developments in transportation, coal supply 

and mill and foundry operation are confusing. Foundries 

have bought a fair amount of railroad malleable during 

the past week. A slight improvement is to be noted 

in transportation, the supply of low side gondolas and 

box cars being somewhat more liberal. 

We quote delivery in consumers' yards, Chicago and vicinity, 

all freight and transfer charges paid, as follows: 

Per Net Ton 

No. 1 cast $36.00 to $37.00 

The following quotations are for iron delivered, at con 


sumers' yards except those for Northern foundry, and steel-mak Locomotive tires, .mooth 24.00 to 24.50 

ing irons, which are f.o.b. furnace and do not include a switch Machine shop turnings 9.50 to 10.00 

ing charge averaging 50c. per ton. 


Northern coke No. 1, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 last half $48 25 Stove plate 28.00 to 28.50 

Northern coke. No. ], spot 48.25 


Northern coke foundry, No. 2, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 last half.. 46.00 

Brake shoes 25.00 to 25."50 



Northern high phos., last half 45.00 


Southern coke, No. 1 foundrv and No. 1. soft, sil. 2.25 to 


3.25 ,. 50.20 Scrap Iron, Pittsburgh.— The past week has seen a 

Southern coke, No. 2 foundry, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 48.70 

considerable expansion in the demand for open-hearth 


grades of scrap iron and steel, and prices have braced 

Philadelphia.—There is more demand for spot iron, 

sharply as a result of this development and the fact that 

particularly of foundry iron. Two more furnaces blew in 

dealers are indifferent about taking orders on account of 

this week in this district, one has blown out, though some 

the shortage of cars and the possibility of materially higher 

are running from hand to mouth on coke, the scarcity of 

freight rates, which they will have to absorb, before de 

which is more pronounced. 

The following quotations are for iron delivered in consumliveries 

can be completed. Not only are dealers unable to 

ers' yards in Philadelphia or vicinity. 

secure a sufficient number of cars for shipments, but on 

East. Pa. No. 2 plain. 1.75 to 2.25 sil $47.90 to $50.10 

account of embargoes, shipments are possible only by per 

East. Pa, No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 49.15 to 51.35 

mits, and these are being issued for such brief periods that 

Virginia No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil 49.10 to 50.10 

they frequently expire before they can be utilized. The 

Virginia No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 50.35 to 51.35 market has further stiffened on all kinas of cast scrap 

Cincinnati.— Some good sized sales of Southern pig iron which is wanted to take the place of pig iron, shipments 

were made in this territory during the past week. Some of which on contracts are extremely limited. As high as 

inquiries for foundry iron are being received but these are $35 now is being offered by an Allegheny valley sheet maker 

mostly for tonnages up to 500 tons from melters who are for heavy breakable cast and the market on cast iron bor 

not receiving shipments on contracts. Transportation conings, which recently was around $18, has stiffened 50c to 

ditions in this district and in the South are showing no im $1 per ton. 

provement, and the traffic manager of one railroad held a 

meeting with representatives of several Southern furnaces 

We quote for delivery to consumers' mills in the Pittsburgh 

and other districts that takes Pittsburgh freight rates as follows: 

in Cincinnati to explain the situation. In tne absence of Cast iron wheels $42.00 to $43.00 

open-top cars, furnaces had asked to be supplied with box Rolled steel wheels 29 00 to 30.00 

cars, but the railroad's claim was that all available cars of 

this type had been sent to the West to handle the crops. 

Some furnaces in southern Ohio are piling part of their 

make, and several in the South are similarly affected. 

Machine shop turnings 

Sheet bar crop ends (at origin) 

Heavy steel axle turnings 

Short shoveling turnings 

Heavy breakable cast 

13.50 to 14.00 

28.00 to 28.50 

21.50 to 22.00 

18.50 to 19.00 

34.50 to 35.00 

Based on freight rates of $3.60 from Birmingham and $1.80 


from Ironton, we quote f.o.b. Cincinnati: 

Cast iron borings 18.50 to 19.00 

Southern coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (base price) $45.60 


Southern coke, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 (No. 2 soft) 46.85 

Southern Ohio coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (No. 2) 46.80 

Cleveland.—One selling agency booked orders during 

the week for 4300 tons of foundry pig iron for agricultural 

implement, machinery and stove manufacturers. There 

Old Metals, New York— The market has been quiet 

with few inquiries. Although prices are generally unchanged, 

there has been a tendency toward softening. Dealers' 

buying prices are as follows: 

Copper, heavy and crucible $16.00 

Is some demand for prompt shipment foundry iron, but the Copper, heavy and wire 15 00 

supply is very scarce. Iron recently placed on the market Copper, light and bottoms 13.00 

by the Ford Motor Co. has apparently all been sold, as this 

company has no iron to offer at present. 

Brass, heavy 

Brass, light 

Heavy machine composition 

10.25 

7.50 

15.25 

We quote delivered Cleveland as follows, based on 40c. switch No. 1 yellow brass turnings 9.50 

ing charge for local iron, a $1.40 freight rate from Valley points, No. 1 red brass or composition turnings 12.25 

and $5 from Birmingham: 

Lead heavy 7.00 

Northern, No 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 $45.40 


Southern foundry, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 

Ohio silvery, sil. 8 per cent 

48.70 

60.40 

Zinc 5.25 

Old Metals, Chicago.— A quiet market prevails with 

block tin pipe and zinc lower. Dealers' buying prices for 

less than carload lots are: 

Old Materials 



Scrap Iron, New York.— Improvement is noted in the 

scrap market, due to two chief reasons: The inroads made 

into the supply because of the quantities exported and the 

Yellow brass, borings 

Heavy wire 

Heavy copper 

Copper clips 

10.00 

15.50 

15.50 

13.50 

demand from Pittsburgh consumers. 


Prices which dealers in New York and Brooklyn are quoting 

to local foundries, per gross ton: , 


No. 1 heavy cast (columns, building materials, 

etc.), cupola size 37.00 to 38.00 

No. 1 heavy cast, not cupola size 31.00 to 32.00 

No. 2 cast (radiators, cast boiler, etc.) 29.00 to 30.00 

Iron and steel pipe (1 in. min. diam., not under 

2 ft. long) 18.00 to 18.50 



Tea lead 3.00 



Zinc 4.00 

Pewter, No.l 25.00 

Old Rubber.— Absence of demand makes market stagnant 

and prices remain unchanged. Wholesale dealers' buying 

quotations are: 

Boots and shoes 6 to 6 Vi

JULY 30, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FIT 

OE-50« 

WELDING AND CUTTING OUTFITS 

Formerly 3/f&AWtQJ£fe Apparatus 

%3S3SSSS 

A New Name for Good Apparatus Made Better 

1DACK of Evereacy improved Equipment are the experience and 

•U definite knowledge of the world's largest producers of oxy-acety- oxy-a 

lene welding and cutting apparatus. 

EVEREADY b OX WELD-BUILT. Designed especially for use 

with compressed acetylene in cylinders. It is easily portable, economical, 

convenient, dependable—proved in service, ready to use anywhere, 

any time. 

EVEREADY BLOWPIPES can be dismantled and reassembled 

in the field—no soldered joints, every fitting metal-to-metal, accurately 

gauged. 

Eveready apparatus and supplies are sold in your locality. Use 

coupon to secure new descriptive catalog and the name and address of 

your distributor. 

OXWELD ACETYLENE COMPANY 

(Eveready Apparatus Dept.) 

3644 Jasper Place Chicago, III. 

World's Largest Makers of Oxy-Acetylene 

Welding and Cutting Outfits 


Eveready Apparatus Department 

3644 Jasper Place. Chicago, lil. 

Please mail me Free of Charge your new Eveready 

catalog and address of your distributor in my locality. 

Name 

P. 0. Address 

Please quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBEB AXD STEAM FITTER when writing to advertisers 

167


Trimmed artics 4% to 5 


Bicycle tires 1V_ to 1% 

Solid tires 2 to 2J_ 

No. 1. inner tubes lli_ to 12% 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4.1 

Mixed red scrap 3^ to 4 

Mixed black scrap \V2 to 2 

Cotton fire hose ;4 to \% 


Old Rags.—Another dull week has passed. Prices hold 

except in No. 1 whites and straight garments. Wholesale 

dealers' prices are: 

No. 1 whites $11.00 to $11 50 

No. 2 whites 5.75 to 6.00 





Paper Stock.—Continued activity prevailed and prices 

hold firm. Wholesale dealers' buying quotations for New 

York are: 



New York, July 30, 1920. 


Black and Galvanized Sheets.— Receipts continue to 

come in and jobbers are filling contracted orders. Future 

demand not so strong. 

Tin Plate.—Due to car shortage shipments are not keeping 

pace with bookings and early tonnage outlook not promising. 

Copper Tone continues strong and improvement in 

railroad situation has enabled refineries to increase shipments. 

Tin.— Market continues exceedingly quiet with practically 

no buying by consumers. 

Lead.— Tne continued good demand and reduced supply 

holds up prices. 

Notice sliding sleeve damper 

(patented). Can be closed 

witiiout shutting off light. 

Zinc.— Producers are not looking for any future business 

and demand from galvanizers and brass makers is confined 

to immediate needs. 

Antimony.—This market is quiet with prices slightly 

lower. 

Tin Plate, Pittsburgh.— Makers still are having difficulty 

in catching up with their obligations and the shortage 

of prompt tonnages is quite as acute as it has been. Shipments 

against contracts are much restricted by the car 

shortage and since bookings will engage capacity well over 

the remainder of the year it is difficult to cover early tonnages 

except from stock items. The latter are in small 

supply because of the comparatively low rate of mill operations. 

Stock plates constitute the prompt market. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh.—A few small cancellations or orders 

are reported from the automobile builders, but in general 

the demand from this source is reported to be holding 

up well. Much difficulty is still being experienced by 

buyers in placing early tonnages, for the reason that tne 

mills already have obligations that will tax capacity over 

the remainder of the year. With shipment and mill operations 

much restricted by the railroad situation, few makers 

are inclined to entertain inquiries. Unfilled tonnages of 

the independent makers are reported to be over 800,000 

tons. Prices show no change. 


Linseed Oil Spot prices are holding up well but the 

market for futures is decidedly weak. In lots of 5 bbl. and 

over, city raw American seed is quoted at $1.56 to $1.66, 

and out-of-town raw American seed is quoted at $1.56 to 

$1.66. In lots of less than 5 bbl. 3c more per gallon is 

asked. Boiled oil brings 2c more per gallon than raw oil. 

Spirits of Turpentine.— Stocks are very low and demand 

continues unabated. In machine barrels in yard, the 

wholesale price is quoted at $1.68 per gallon. 

Rosin.— Demand is steady with not an abundance of 

stock. On the basis of 280 lbs. to the barrel, the wholesale 

Constant Air Circnlation 

Nothing is more insidious in undermining the health 

of human beings than foul, exhausted air breathed 

over and over again in any kind of building. 

Where ordinary ventilators fail to carry off this 

deadly air Burt Ventilators, by their unusual draw 

ing power and large capacity, eliminate it con 

stantly, keeping the atmosphere in the building clean 

and healthful with a continuous supply of fresh air. 

Send for 128-page catalogue. 


300 MAIN STREET AKRON, OHIO 

George W. Reed & Co., Montreal, Sole Manufacturer of Burt 



price of common-to-good strained is $12.25. Grade D is 

$16.25. 

Iron and Steel Pipe.— It is doubtful whether pipemaking 

capacity in this part of the country now is more 

than 50 per cent engaged and makers consequently are 

daily getting further behind in their obligations. Although 

the National and Pennsylvania works of the National Tube 

Co., which suspended July 3, resumed yesterday, only one 

of the six furnaces at the latter plant is in operation, while 

at the National works only the boiler tube furnaces are 

working. The Mahoning Valley plants have succeeded in 

moving considerable tonnages into the Pittsburgh district, 

owing to the availability of open-top cars moving in the 

direction of the coal mines. Wheeling district plants have 

been operating about 75 per cent and shipping about 50 per 

cent of production. Shipments by water and truck have 

enabled the Jones & Laughlin Steel Co. to maintain a comparatively 

high rate of operations. Jobbers still are pressing 

hard for deliveries and oil country goods are eagerly 

sought. 

Foundry Coke.— A further advance has been established 

in prices of spot furnace and foundry coke from beehive 

ovens. Lately, no furnace fuel has been sold at less 

than $18 per net ton oven, for prompt shipment and as 

high as $19 has been done. Those producers who have any 

surplus supplies generally are holding at $19. On selected 

72-hr. fuel, the market for spot tonnage is quotable at $19 

to $20 per net ton oven, and both figures have found basis 

in recent sales. The larger producers are not a factor in 

the present spot market, for the reason that they are applying 

practically all their production against contracts. 

The ca- supply has improved since a week ago, and production 

by the smaller oven operators has increased, but 

despite these developments the open market offerings remain 

exceedingly scant and very inadequate. 

The Man Who Putteth His House 

in Order, Liveth 

In the trade are many men who insure church activity 

by putting some energy into it. A picture taken 

of the Business Men's Bible Class of the First Baptist 

Church of Kansas City, Mo., showed 1,000 men 

present. So large a class has need of a means of announcement 

and intercourse and has a publication, the 

Business Men's Bible Class, from which the following 

advertisement by a member is taken. From reading 

the publication it is clear that "Safed the Sage" is a 

frequent contributor and presents good stuff, as per 

sample: 

And it came to pass in the days of the month of May 

that I lifted up my voice in great rejoicing because of delivery 

from slavery from mine enemy whose name is furnace 

and short was my rejoicing, for yet he remaineth in 

my basement—and also had he triumphed over the King, 

Boreas. Then spoke to me, in a Ruthless manner the voice 

of Prudence, saying: Verily in the winter which is yet to 

come he will dwell where thou dwellest, when he is cold 

thou also shall be cold, and when he has the dumps so will 

thou be likewise in the dumps. 

And I said: Thou art right. Then tackeled I mine unfaithful 

servants the telephones and implored that they give 

unto me Benton 418 or 419 on the Home contraption or 

Clifton 590 on the Bell thereof and they gave me many 

other numbers—but none of these other numbers are in the 

office of the Security Stove & Mfg. Co., and also there 

dwelleth in that office' a man surnamed Millis and he loveth 

the Furnace. And he said—Why curseth thou thy Furlace? 

For he is not thy Enemy but thy Friend. Then 

hung I mine heau in shame. 

But this man Millis showed me that it could be worse 

and also he told me that he had many men wandering in 

Fords and that they knew well the heart of the Furnace 

wd the ways thereof and that he would send to my house, 

"en unto the basement thereof and would, with loving 

ca re, examine the grates and the pots, yea also the smoke 

t 

/pATENT Ô 

PLUMBING 

FIXTURES 

*tiBmet 3 






plants of all kinds, Factories, Railway Depots, Hospitals, 



The one large central container, easily refiled, is far more 

economical and more convenient in operation than the ordi 

nary wasteful method of an individual container for every bowl. 





valve in the 



non-wasting 

supply of 

soap. A 

plumber's 

services are 

required to 

install the 

System. 

Therefore, 

every sale 

you make 

will carry 

with it a 

installation. 

contract for 

The Watrous 

Gravity Liquid Soap System 

is a new addition to the 

line of the celebrated Watrous 

Sanitary Plumbing 

Equipment, 

distinquished 

as representing 

the most 

advanced 

ideas in 

sanitary 

plumbing 

science. The 

Watrous 

Line also includes 

Watrous 


5elf-Closing 

Cocks, Uri 

Free Information on Request nals, Drinking Fountains 



1223 W. Harrison St. 

Chicago, HI. 

pipe thereof and many other parts of which I wot not, 

and that for this examination he would charge me not. 

And I said, Be it so. Now have I the bum Furnace and 

likewise the promise of this man Millis. 

Then cursed I not the Furnace but went straightway into 

my basement and removed the ashes and papers, and also 

trash from the Furnace that the man sent by Millis might 

do a good job. 

Go then, Oh, fellow furnace owner, and do likewise and 

live in hope. 

Safed the Sage. 

Oxweld Wins Distinguished Service Award 

The Oxweld Acetylene Co., of Newark, N. J., Chicago 

and San Francisco, is justly proud of the distinguished 

service award tendered the Company by 

the War Department of the United States. The 

award reads: "The War Department of the United 

States recognizes in this award for distinguished service 

the loyalty, energy and efficiency in the performance 

of "the war work by which the Oxweld Acetylene 

Co. aided materially in obtaining victory for the 

arms of the United States of America in the war with 

the Imperial German Government and the Royal Austro-Hungarian 

Government." 

The award is signed by the Secretary of War and 

the Assistant Secretary of War, Director of Munitions.










The quotations given below are for small lots, as sold from stores in Neil 


As there are many consumers whose requirements are not sufficiently heavj 



On a number of articles the base price only is given, it being impractical).; 


ALUMINUM- 

4.25 4.05 3.00 ROSIN— 


4.90 4.50 3.50 Common to good strained (whole 

99% pure, in ingots for remelt 

5.05 4.75 4.00 sale), 280 lbs., per bbl $12.25 

ing, 100-lb. lots—37 to 39c. 

6.50 7.50 SHEETS— 


ANTIMONY— 


Galvanized Steel— 


Cents per lb. 

Plain Round and Corrugated— 

10c to 12c 

No. 10, per lb 6.50-8.00 

All sizes up to 6 in 5C% 


No. 12, per lb 6.55-8.05 

Square— 


No. 14, per lb 6.60-8.10 

Square 40% 

BISMUTH— 

No. 16, per lb 6.70-8.20 

Copper- 

Per lb $4.00 to $4.50 



CONDUCTORS— 

Soft Steel 


Corrugated- 

No. 18 to 20, per Ib 7.80- 9.80 



No. 22 to 24, per lb 7.85- 9.85 

LEAD— 


No. 26, per lb 7.90- 9.90 

American Pig, per lb. ..10_zC to lie 


No. 27, per lb 7.95-9.95 

Bar, per lb llj/_c to 12c 

Copper 10% 

No. 28, per lb 8.00-10.00 

METAL LATH— 


No. 29, per lb 8.05-10.05 



No. 30, per lb 8.25-10.25 




Leads— 


10c higher 

Lead, American White, In Oil, 

(See also elbows and shoes; 


kegs less than 500 lbs., 15_ic 


20 gauge 11.10c 

Lead, White, in Oil, 25-lb. tin 

Conductor.) 

22 and 24 gauge 11.20c 

pails; add to keg price J4c 


26 gauge 11.30c 

Lead, Red, in Oil, less than 500 


28 gauge 11.50c 

lbs., 15c 

COPPER— 

Galvanized— 

Dry Colors- 

Lake ingot 21'/i-22}ie 

Cents per lb. 



Nos. 12 and 14 9.10-10.60 

Per 100 lbs., iy2 to 5c 


No. 16 9.25-10.75 


COPPER SHEETS 

Nos. 18 and 20 9.40-10.90 



Nos. 22 and 24 9.25-11.05 

Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 


No. 26 9.70-11.20 

Oils- 

From stock 31c to 33c in 100 lb. lots 

No. 27 9.85-11.35 

Linseed, City Raw $1.56 to $1.66 

and over. 

No. 28 10.00-11.50 



No. 30 10.50-12.50 

gal 2c 

advance. 



Colled Rolled, 2c 14 and heavier 

20c higher 

at $1.56 to $1.66 





2.2 in. corrugations, 30 per 100 lbs. 

In Machine Bbl $1.68 

long 48 in. 

over flat sheets. 

PUTTY— 

and to 

Corrugated Roofing—Painted— 

Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c 

less 96-in. 


In 1-lb to 5-lb. tins, 6.00 to 7.35c 

sq. ft. sq. tt. 

2 

REGISTERS— 


Cast Iron 10% 

10 in. to 36 in. wide... 5c 6c 



White Japan or Electro plate and 

Planished, lj_c per sq. ft. more 

Small Faces and Borders ....20% 






larger 40% 



long 

Base Board Intakes 20% 

and Over 

White Enameled Goods 5% 

less 96.in. 

Solid Brass or Bronze Goods, ex 


cept Grilles Net 


Grilles in Black and White Japan 


or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain 

Over 48 in. wide .... 7c 8c 



14 x 14 in., 





Copper 10% 



$102.00 




2-Ply Tarred Paper $160 

ELBOWS- 


NO. 1 No. 2 No. 3 Rosin Sized Sheathing, 

4 in $4.00 $3.90$ 2.75 


4". in 4.10 3.95 2.85 Roofing Pitch, per ton $30.00 

Open per lb. 15c 

r Prices of Solder indicated b; 

private brands very according t' 

composition. 

SOLDERING FLUXES- 


1-lb. cans, each (j 

5-lb. cans, each $3.0^- 

A. S. P. Fluid: § 

Gallon %\2^ 

12-gal. Carboy 90c per gallo 


Callahan's Non-Corrosive, pc 

gal #.?_?• 


Per lb. in 300-lb. lots 5C 

In 100 to 300-lb. lots advance i'i 

per lb. nni 

In lots of less than 100 lbs., at'cjl 

vance 4c per lb. •* 


2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 

Copper $2.80 $3.75 $5.75 $9.00 d 

Galv 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 d 


Straits, pigs per lb 5: 

Straits, in bars, per lb—57c to & 



N. B.—The price of 14 it 


IC, 14x20 $16. 

IX, 14 x 20 18. 

IXX, 14 x 20 20. 

IXXX, 14x20 22. 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 23. 


IC, 14 x 20 $14. 

IX, 14 x 20 16. 

IXX, 14 x 20 18. 

IXXX, 14 x 20 19. 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 21. 



_-in. Corrugation 

80-lb $11- 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

90-lb H. 

No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

100-lb 12. 

No. 26, per 100 sq. ft. 

IC 13. 

No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

IX 13. 


IXX 14. 

F. O. B. cars, Quarry Station. IXXX 15. 

Per Square IXXXX 16. 



Best Bangor $8.00 to $11.00 100-lb., 14 x 20 $9. 

No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 IC. 14 x 20 9. 

Pen Argyl 7.75 to 8.25 IX, 14 x 20 10. 



Vermont— 

12-lb. Coating $11,11, 

No. 1 Sea Green $5.00 to $8.50 15-lb. Coating It It: 

Unfading Green 6.50 to 13.50 20-lb. Coating 12.12., 

Red 22.00 30-lb. Coating 13.13. 

Maine— 

35-lb. Coating 14 14 

Walter's and Cooper's Brownsville, Metal Unfading Shingles 

Black, 

M. F. Grade 13 I 13 I 

No. 1 $14.00 40-lb Coating 15:15: 

Slaters felt, 30-lb roll 2.00 WASTE COTTON— 

The 

40-lb. roll 2.25 Per lb. in 5-lb. bags '••'• 

SOLDER— 

ZINC SHEETS— The 

Shingles 

'/_ to '/2 guaranteed 37J_c Western Shingles 

Slabs 10-1 0-11 

N°-, 1 34J_c Sheets No. 9 base casks ....14J.4J. 

That Last 

Kenned 30c That Last I 

The Most Complete Line of Designs The Best Material, Workmanship and Finish 

Made in Painted Tin or Genuine Re-dipped G alvanized Tin 


National Sheet Metal Roofing Co. 339-345 Grand Street 

JERSEY CITY, N. J. 

w \ \ 

i





T?rm.»T P H I N Y ATIC. fi 1920 Copyright 1920 by the Archi- 

. LORAL _-ABK, _.. I „ ALG. 0, l.„U. tectural and Building Press, Inc 

VOLUME 9-t, No. 6 

Sanitation in English Farm Buildings 

3TAt_U_. FL_"=R. 

FIO. i v.lTI-1 SonK STABLE 

FIG. 2 STEMCM 

TRAP 

Fie 3 sexTion 

Or A STABLE. 7PAP 

Utility the Governing Feature in Design of Stables 

and Cow Houses on British Country Estates 

By John Y. Dunlop 

IN no country so much as in Britain is the horse at 

once the friend and companion of man. The arrangement 

and construction of the stable are of 

an importance second only to that of the dwelling 

house itself. 

Considering the importance of this department it 

would seem proper to give it a fair amount of architectural 

embellishment, always bearing in mind the 

sound maxim that utility is the cardinal principle in 

all buildings and that the truest architecture is the 

artistic treatment of the useful. 

In the general arrangements of these buildings 

there are many points to be considered. The animal 

is like the modern man, his master, and is easily affected 

by healthy surroundings or the reverse. There 

•ire few principles of modern sanitation which have 

been set forth that do not apply to the stable department. 

A dry and well-drained site, air, light and ventilation 

without draft are all indispensable for healthy 

living quarters for animals. 

The principal accommodation required, of course, 

varies much according to the extent of the home farm. 

In a complete stable range the accommodation may 

consist of stalls and loose boxes, one or more sick or 

isolation boxes, a washing shed, a harness room, a 

cleaning and saddle room and coach house. 

The cleaning and saddle room may be made available 

for a heating apparatus for the hot water pipes 

to the coach house, which should be near the stable, 

as they would tend to keep the latter at an even 

temperature. 

There is no need to enter into a detailed description 

of the materials used in the construction of stables. 

For the walls there is no special material, stone or 

wood being the most commonly used. The lower parts 

of stable walls are best lined with boarding, as the 

wood prevents the horse from coming in contact with 

the rough surface of the wall. 

It is indispensable that the stable floor should be 

impervious to moisture, capable of being easily 

cleaned, with as few places for the lodgment of dirt 

as possible. Channels should be laid down the center 

of each stall and along the passage behind. The under 

part of the channel should be semi-circular, of

172 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 6, 1920 

cast iron with a perforated flat top, made to slide so 

that by removing one of them, the other pieces may 

be slid along and the whole of the channel cleaned out. 

By discharging the waste water from the drinking 

pots the flushing of the channel is rendered easy. 

Some people prefer an entirely open channel, as 

shown in Fig. 1, as being less liable to choke up from 

neglect. The chief objection to open gutters is that 

they allow the liquid to be absorbed by the bedding, 

retaining them within the stable, thus vitiating the 

air. 

The underground drains taken from the stable 

should be made of glazed fire-clay pipes laid upon 

concrete and jointed in the best modern manner. The 

idea used to be that on account of the great percentage 

of solid matter contained in the drain of such 

departments a very large diameter of pipe was necessary. 

The theory of large pipes for house drainage 

is now exploded and there is no reason why it should 

be retained in the case of stables or cow houses. The 

contrary rather should be the case, for a small pipe 

running nearly full will be better flushed and there 

will be a less deposit of sediment than with a large 

one. 

In every case where channels are used in the stalls 

of a stable and behind, they should discharge into a 

stench trap as shown in Fig. 1, 2 and 3. 

The stable trap should be very strong, should offer 

a good foothold for the horse and the attendant should 

be able to get his hand into every part. Then if by 

accident it were left open, the horse should not be 

likelv to be injured if he put his foot into it. The 

trap should also provide as easy a flow for the liquid 

as is compatible with a sufficient water seal. 

The stench trap shown in Fig. 2 fulfills these conditions 

and, if any objection can be taken to it, it is 

on the score that the outgo is rectangular and that 

it delivers the sewerage into the drain at right angles 

to the flow. 

A very good and novel stable trap is shown in section 

in Pig. 3, which is well suited for the close channel 

sy.stem as the trap receives the stable waste from 

the end over and above from the grating on the top. 

Some corporations do not allow anv connections between 

stable drains and public sewers and in that case 

an intercepting tank, as shown in Fig. 4, is required. 

This tank should not be too large. It should be impervious 

both at the sides and the bottom. The top 

should be closed with air-tight cover. 

Such a tank must be viewed with more or less suspicion. 

Perhaps the safest place to put it is in a spot 

as little frequented as possible, with a ventilation grid 

made to lift easily and it would be well to have it 

cleaned out as often as possible. 

Where the stable drains are connected up to a 

sewer, an inspection manhole at every change of direction 

or important junction and a disconnecting inspection 

manhole just about the point it enters the 

sewer are to be recommended. These chambers obviate 

as far as possible any necessity for lifting the 

drains and breaking up the yard and pavement in a 

case of choking. 

The ventilation of the stable is of supreme importance 

as probably half of the diseases from which 

horses suffer may be traced directly or indirectly to 

defective ventilation. 

The method found most satisfactory is by introducing 

a small glazed ventilator in the stable wall as 

high above the horse's head as possible. The fresh 

air being thrown upward toward the ceiling carries 

the air heated and contaminated by the horse's breath 

towards the back of the stable. From this one or 

more exhaust metal shafts should be provided, according 

to the size of the stable. But at least one to every 

three or four horses should be carried through the loft 

and discharged at the ridge through a suitable ventilation 

cowl. 

The system of ventilation is shown in Fig. 4, as is 

also the system of drainage. 

As suggested above, the heating installation might 

be put in the cleaning and saddle room. Another alternative 

would be to put the hot water boiler in the 

coal house, used for the barrows and other tools which 

form the necessary outfit of a stable yard. 

A slow combustion stove, made with a boiler sufficient 

to supply a few radiators for the coach house 

and harness room would be ample. 

Convenient but not too close to the coach house 

should be located the washing stance, arranged with 

a cement floor properly graded and with sufficient fall 

to a gully trap. The washing place for the horse 

should be quite close at hand so horse and attachment 

for washing the one may be used for the other. Besides 

the hose attachment, there should be a trap at 

the proper height for filling buckets. 

i. SECTION OF STABLE SHOWING DRAINAGE 

AND VENTILATION 

In arranging the water supply, much depends upon 

the site. Town and suburban stables will generally 

avail themselves of the local supply for which much 

storage will scarcely be needed and the pressure will 

be sufficient for hose and other purposes.

AUGUST 6, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 173 

In the country, however, a special supply will generally 

have to be provided. Rain water is often valuable 

for this purpose, and, if collected from the stable 

roof, the cistern will have to be fixed at a suitable 

level below the eaves. The higher the position the 

greater will be the pressure for hose uses. 

The tank, when not too large, may be of galvanized 

iron, but slate forms a very clean and durable material. 

Where the rain water is used for drinking, it 

should preferably be filtered. This filtering apparatus 

need not be an elaborate affair. 

.IT-in^s 

FIG. 5. GALVANIZED STORAGE TANK AND RAIN WATER FILTER 

It should be borne in mind that the mechanical or 

straining part of filtration is not recognized as being 

the least efficient part of the process. The purification 

of water is in the main due to the biological work 

effected by microbes and the most efficient filtering 

material is that which furnishes for these the most 

favorable habitat. 

A very efficient filter for stable purposes is shown 

in Fig. 5. It may be formed by dividing a storage 

tank into two sections by a diaphragm reaching to 

within a few inches of the bottom and placing a false 

bottom of perforated wood or galvanized iron grating 

about 6 in. above the real bottom. This grating should 

have a layer of not less than 6 in. of crushed coke. 

The water should enter the tank on one side, pass 

through the layer of coke and under the diaphragm 

and ascend again through the layer of coke on the 

other side. A filter of this kind does not become 

thoroughly effective until it has been in use for several 

days and the microbes have become fully established. 

' It will then remain in order for a long period 

and when it shows signs of clogging a slight scraping 

of the surface of the coke will re-establish its ef 

ficiency. 

The housing of one or two cows which supply milk 

to the family is a matter of such simplicity that little 

need be said about it. But the construction of large 

types upon the great milk-raising farms which surround 

large towns is now recognized as a matter of 

vital importance. In its relation, indeed, to the health 

of the community it is of infinitely greater moment 

than the construction of any stable can be. 

In construction the fabric of the cow house is much 

the same as that already described. In some types 

the stalls are arranged with the cattle facing each 

other and a feeding passage between. 

The fittings consist of cast-iron stall divisions for 

two cows in each stall with a cast-iron feeding trough 

and water tub and a wrought-iron hay rack above. 

The water is led into each water tub and arranged to 

overflow onto the feeding trough, so that it can be 

filled and flushed with water which, when discharged, 

will in turn serve to flush out the drain or cleaning 

channel immediately behind the cattle. 

Ample ventilation is indispensable. A simple air inlet 

grating opposite each cow's head answers well and 

a sheet metal outlet ventilator on the roof is perhaps 

as simple and efficacious as can be devised. 

In everything pertaining to the accommodation of 

cows, it may be reiterated that in the future consideration 

of cleanliness and health will become more 

and more paramount and the regulating sanitary laws 

and their enforcement will become increasingly 

stringent. 

Co-operation 

Running a business is not so very much different 

from runing a show. The theatrical manager can't 

get anywhere unless he can get his players to work 

together harmoniously, each one trying his or her 

best to make the production a success. There has 

to be teamwork from the rise of the curtain to its 

fall. In the same way a business manager can't 

make a good showing unless he can get his force to 

exercise teamwork all along the line. If you don't 

treat your people right, what business have you to 

expect them to treat you right? If you do treat 

them right, you have some grounds for expecting them 

to treat you right—and my experience is that the 

majority of American workmen will treat right the 

boss who treats them right. That's all there is to it. 

—Forbes Magazine (N. Y.) 

ft 24 

Recipes from an Old Scrap Book 

C/fc \XJUUtJ \cWtLrJ IJOMJU 

Pack the waste in a tin cylinder 

with a perforated false 

bottom and put a stop-cock at 

bottom. Pour on the waste bisulphide 

of carbon sufficient to 

cover, and allow to soak for a 

few minutes, then add more bisulphide, 

and so on for a time 

or two, and then squeeze out. 

By simple distillation the whole 

of the bisulphide, or nearly all, 

can easily be recovered and so 

be used over again. This will 

free the Cotton completely from


Simple Calculations That May Be Used On Small Work With 

Certainty of Pleasing Customer By Results 

Heating Guidance For Residence Work 

By Instructor 

In Seven Parts—Part II, Two Steam Systems 

A F T E R the radiator sizes for the different rooms 

have been completed, locate them on the 

plans, in pencil, using either blue-prints of the 

builder's plans, or simple tracings made from these. 

Next locate the risers for reaching the radiators, both 

for supply and return, and carry them to the basement 

plan. Especial care should be taken to keep 

these in the corners of rooms, in dark hallways, 

closets, etc., or wherever they will be least conspicuous 

and still answer their purpose satisfactorily. 

Ordinarily, it is best to keep risers to the upper 

floors outside of partitions, but if it is impossible to 

reach a certain radiator without carrying a pipe in an 

objectonable location through some important room. 

it may be run inside of a partition provided it is 

properly protected and tested before closing in. 

Pipes for this purpose should be extra heavy and 

without coupled joints Great care should be used in 

making up work of this kind and the joints should 

be made tight under hydrostatic pressure. This may 

be done by capping the risers and connecting the 

piping with city or town water pressure, if that is 

available. If not, a hydraulic hand pump may be 

used. 

There are three systems of piping commonly used 

for direct steam heating, known as the "two-pipe'' 

system, the "one-pipe relief" system and the "onepipe 

circuit" system, with various modi- 

System* fications and combinations. The first of 

of Piping these is the older form, but is not employed 

to any great extent at the present 

time in dwelling-house work, except in connection 

with some of the vapor or vacuum systems. It is 

necessary where 

coils are used instead 

of radiators, 

and sometimes for 

an especially large 

cast-iron radiator, 

thus limiting its use 

largely to shops, 

stores, etc. 

The general arrangement 

of a system 

of piping of this 

kind is shown diagrammatically 

in 

Fig. 1. The steam 

main leads from the 

top of the boiler and 

branches are carried 

along near the base- 

/?' 

Rad 

m//////M^^ 

Rad 

ff 

X 

R- 

Rad 

Rad. 

Steam 

W 

ment ceiling; risers are taken off from the supply 

branches and carried up to the radiators on the different 

floors, and return pipes are brought down to 

the horizontal return mains in the basement. 

It is a comparatively easy matter to install a system 

of piping of this kind which will supply the 

radiators with steam and carry away the water of 

condensation, but to provide a system which will do 

this quietly, without snapping or water-hammer requires 

a thorough knowledge of the principles involved. 

Water-hammer is caused by steam coming in 

contact with water at a slightly lower temperature, 

and resulting in the sudden condensation of a certain 

volume of steam. This produces a vacuum which is 

instantly filled by steam and water rushing in to fill 

the vacant space, and the coming together of these 

causes the noise and shock known as water-hammer. 

The remedy, or rather prevention, of this condition 

is evidently to keep the steam from coming in 

contact with condensation of a lower temperature, 

especially in allowing them to meet over extended 

areas. One of the most effective plans is that shown 

at the left in Fig. 1, and known as a "wet" or 

"sealed" return. This consists in carrying the main 

return near the basement floor, below the water-line 

of the boiler, and bringing the return from each radiator 

down separately and connecting with it. 

With this arrangement the areas of contact between 

steam and cooler water are very small, being 

the sectional areas of the return pipes at the points 

"A," "A." Of course steam and water are in contact 

in all of the pipes above the water level, but unless 

there are pockets where the water can collect and 

Steam jj 

dotter 

Rad. 

/%>£ 

flat 

Return 

Siphon \- • 

~* Seated Pet urn 

i7lW7W'//7'/''77''/W'/'m7W'''//7'///l/'/WM'>/>''''/>/>7/>7/mm7//7>m/7/7//77W/)/7l///l///7//////7/7/7///7/77/7//7/77/7//7/777/7///7/7///7 

FIG. 1. ELEVATION SHOWING DIFFERENT RETURN CONNECTIONS 

cool slightly, there 

will be no trouble, 

as the thin films of 

water flowing along 

the sides of the pipe 

are at practically 

the same temperature 

as the steam 

and cannot therefore 

produce a sudden 

condensation in 

sufficient volume to 

cause water-hammer. 

While the ideal 

way is to seal thc 

return from each 

radiator, as in Fig. 

1, it is not always


possible or necessary, and two returns, which are 

under practically the same pressure, may be brought 

together in a single vertical return, as shown in 

Fig. 2, and carried down to the sealed main in the 

basement. 

The "dry" or "overhead" return is shown at the 

right in Fig. 1 and requires great care in its design 

and installation to prevent water-hammer, which is 

due primarily in this case to "short-circuiting" or 

"backing up." For example, in Fig. 3, the return 

water from radiator No. 2, and those beyond, is met 

at "A" by steam at a slightly higher temperature, 

from radiator No. 1, which is at once condensed to 

some extent, and snapping in the return pipe is produced 

at this point. Furthermore, radiator No. 2 is 

under a slightly lower pressure than No. 1, due to its 

greater distance from the boiler, and steam tends to 

Rad 

Return 

_f_ » 

. \ 


Supply 

Rad 

FIG. 2. RETURNS FROM TWO RADIATORS CONNECTED TOGETHER 

pass through the return from No. 1, into the return 

from No. 2, and to hold back the condensation 

to some extent, causing surging in addition to the 

__. 

snapping. 

Conditions of this kind may be prevented by the 

use of individual seals or siphon loops, as shown in 

Fig. 4. This limits the areas of contact between the 

steam and cooler water as already described and also 

prevents steam at a higher pressure from passing 

through into the return. Any difference in pressure 

on the two sides of the loop is balanced by the water 

standing higher in one leg than in the other, as shown 

in the cut. 

A simple arrangement, illustrating the principles 

to be carried out in using dry returns, is shown at 

the right in Fig. 1. The condensation from the end 

of the steam supply line is dripped through a siphon 

to prevent short-circuiting. It will be noticed that 

the return from the first-floor radiator No. 1 is 

brought into the main return beyond that from the 

upper-floor radiator No. 2. This is because No. 1 

is at a slightly higher pressure, being nearer the 

boiler, and by connecting its return beyond that of 

No. 2 it tends to force the condensation toward the 

boiler instead of holding it back, as would be the case 

if the connections from the two radiators were reversed. 

If there were very much difference between 

the relative locations of radiators 1 and 2, with reference 

to the boiler, it would be best to insert a 

siphon loop in the return from No. 1. 

The illustrations given are of the simplest, but they 

serve to show conditions to be overcome and the general 

methods of doing it. A careful study of the 

diagrams in connection with the description given in 

the text should enable one to apply the same prin 

ciple to any building of ordinary size, as it is simply 

a repetition of the same methods, carried out on a 

larger scale. 

Another advantage of the wet return in two-pipe 

work is that each radiator is sealed against the entrance 

of steam through the return end, and neither 

is it possible for air to become caught or pocketed in 

the middle sections. This often happens with a dry 

return, when the return water is opened before the 

radiator is entirely filled with steam. 

When it is necessary to use dry returns on account 

of the pipes crossing doorways, etc., they should be 

of ample size and have a downward pitch of at least 

1 in. in 10 ft. toward the boiler. As a matter of fact, 

it is possible to use a wet return in most buildings 

of the class under consideration, at least for the main 

part, and employ overhead lines simply as special 

branches to overcome local obstacles as noted above. 

For the lengths of run and other conditions found 

in connection with dwelling houses and similar buildings 

the following pipe sizes will be 

Pipe Sizes found to give satisfaction. They 

for Two- are based on the square feet of di- 

Pipe Systems rect radiation to be supplied, and 

are suitable for distances up to 150 

ft. with a steam pressure of 1 lb. 

Square feet Diameter of Diameter of Diameter of 

of radiation Steam Pipe Dry Return Wet Return 

60 1 1 A* 

120 Vi 1 J 

160 1_= 154 ,\. 

450 2 VA VA 

750 2/2 2 1_ 

1,200 3 2V, 2 

1.800 3

176 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCUST 6, 1920 

expand in length about l 1 /. in- P er 100 ft. when lowpressure 

steam is turned into them, so it is evident 

this elongation must be taken into account when the 

system is laid out on the plans. For the sizes of pipe 

used in dwelling houses and similar buildings, and 

the lengths of run encountered, it is customary to take 

care of this by means of bends and offsets which 

cause any lengthening of a pipe to be taken up by the 

spring in another pipe at right angles to it, as shown 

in Fig. 5. 

Pad. 

f?eturn. 

Siphi 

on 

Loop. 

.o. ^•sit/on of pipe FT hen cold. 

Wafer 

Line in this 

WStde of Loop 

place in the same direction. At the end each line 

should be dripped into the return, a siphon loop being 

used if the return is above the water-line of the 

boiler. 

In determining the pipe sizes, start at the end of 

each branch and mark in pencil on the plan the number 

of square feet of radiation each is to supply, 

working back toward the boiler, and adding the sums 

as the branches unite. After the amount of radiation 

to be carried by each portion of the supply and return 

system has been noted in this way, the proper 

size may be taken at once from the tables given for 

this purpose. 


Why Money Is Scarce 

The following is an extract from an article by Paul 

Clay in Forbes Magazine on the cause of money be* 

ing scarce: 

The shortage of funds in the hands of the people, funds 

with which to pay the excessive prices, may best be seen by 

observing the approximate income and expenditure of the 

whole people. Some of the items are estimated as follows: 

Present annual wages and salaries... _ $51,937,200,000 

Aggregate corporation dividends and interest 3,212,700,000 

Interest income of private lenders- _ _ 1,070,900,000 

4-4 

Total income of American people 

Cost of living at pre-war standard 

$56,220,800,000 

44,956,800,000 

FIG. 4. RETURN SEALED TO AVOID SHORT CIRCUIT 

Balance - $11,264,000,000 

A typical piping layout for a small building is shown This balance over and above the estimated cost of living 

in plan in Fig. 6, and among other things illustrates 

the matter of flexibility just mentioned. If any one 

section of pipe is examined, it will be seen that any 

at the pre-war standard looks at first to be very liberal 

indeed; but the following items have to be paid out of it or 

charged against it: 

Approximate 1920 war taxes _ $5,000,000,000 

change in length will be taken care of by the trans Increase in consumption of luxuries (estimated) 5,000,000,000 

verse or sidewise spring of the sections with which it 

Personal savings at pre-war rate of 9 per cent. 5,059,800,000 

connects. 

All pipes and branches should be free to move in 

Total _ $15,059,800,000 

Just at the time when merchants and producers were 

their hangers or supports in order to adjust them forced to hasten the sale of their products because they 

selves to the movements caused by expansion and 

contraction. All supply mains and branches should 

grade down slightly from a high point over the boiler, 

could not borrow more money at the banks, the spending 

monty in the hands of the people ran short. According to 

estimates, the shortage was at the rate of about $4,000,000,- 

000 per annum, or $333,000,000 per month. Hence, it re 

so that the flow of steam and condensation may take quired extra persuasion to sell goods, and there was nothing 

to do but cut prices. The question of overproduction or 

Position of pipe rthen hot. 

underproduction was immaterial, for our business concerns 

as a whole had to have funds to meet pressing obligations, 

and could not get these funds except by hastening sales. 

1 

I 

I 

Q Anchor 

FIG. 5. THE EFFECT OF EXPANSION 

V///////////A7>'77777777>7/W/7/h. 

FIG. 6. BASEMENT PLAN OF PIPING ARRANGEMENT

AUGUST 6, 1920 ÊTAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

Saving Time in Rolling 12 inch Pieces 

Calculated -- Means Greater Output 

Economy in Use of Wider Sheet Bars 

THERE is perhaps no individual branch of the 

iron and steel industry in the United States 

that presents such an expanding field as the 

manufacture of sheets. In roofing sheets the gages 

and sizes have a tendency to run heavier and larger 

than the staple roofing sheets of the past. Automobile 

stock runs in larger sizes and heavier gages 

than the 22 and 20 gage sheets which used to form 

the bulk of the roofing requirements. 

The use of sheets for other purposes than roofing 

is growing by leaps and bounds. Car siding for passenger 

cars and trim for interior of passenger cars 

must in the future be of sheet metal, as the supply of 

suitable timber is being exhausted and its replacement 

by means of the slow natural growth of the 

harder ornamental woods need not be counted on as a 

practical future supply except in exceptional cases 

such as private cars and the like where considerations 

of expense are neglected. The same applies 

to office furniture and office sash, trim, etc. Equally, 

ship's cabin trim and fixtures, berths, etc., will 

largely be of sheet metal in the future for the same 

reason, shortage of ornamental timber. 

All of these comparatively new and growing uses 

for sheets of iron and steel run to the heavier gages. 

The fiat sheet, 27 or 28 gage requirements, will always 

be with us, with a tendency to increase in 

Heavier volume rather than decrease; but the sizes 

Gages of 6 to 8 ft. long and 24, 30 and 36 in. 

wide will probably remain unaltered. These 

lighter sheets can well be efficiently and economically 

rolled from 8-in. bars of varying thickness, seldom, 

however, exceeding % in., on jump roughing mills. 

The bars come from the steel works in about 30-ft. 

lengths, and it has become customary to roll these in 

widths of 6, 7 and 8 in. in varying thicknesses. They 

are sheared at the sheet mill into sheet lengths. The 

length of the sheared bar constitutes the width of the 

sheet, there being little or no elongation of the bar 

in the direction of its length in the process of conversion 

from bar to sheet, the reduction of area and consequent 

elongation of the sheet taking place in the 

direction of the width of the bar. 

There are many advantages in the use of jump 

roughing stands, whether these are used on the socalled 

Welsh system, roughing and finishing on the 

same stand, or whether a stand of sand roughing rolls 

is installed for two stands of chilled finishing rolls, 

as has been the usual American practice. The outstanding 

gain is the elimination of the pinion stand, 

and minor advantages consist of the cheaper type of 

housing required, as the balancing rigging is not 

necessary in the case of a jump rougher. 

This brings up the question of why pinion stands 

•Reprinted from the Iron Age. 

By Clement R. Poppleton 

177 

and balanced roughing stands have been considered 

necessary in the past. In sheets the thickness of the 

bar is the direct factor governing the 

Thickness of size of the finished sheet, as this is 

Bar Governs function of weight. Assuming a fin- 

Sneet Size ished sheet is to be 6 ft. x 30 in., 24 

gage, the sheared sheet would weigh 

1.02 lb. per sq. ft, or 1,5.3 lb. A good percentage of 

waste can be taken at 10 per .cent, and as two sheets 

come from one bar (they are doubled before reheating) 

the bar would be 31 x 8 about 15-32 in., or 33.66 

lb. in weight. 

This bar will easily enter the pass of a jump 

rougher, the top roll of wliich is driven by friction 

alone, so that for this and similar size and weight 

sheets the Welsh system is economically applicable. 

There is, however, a limit to the size sheet that 

can be rolled on a jump rougher. A thicker bar 

than 114 in. is very difficult to get into the pass 

of the jump rougher, as the top roll is not balanced 

(this roll rests on the bottom driven roll) and the 

gap has to be forced by the bar itself, making the 

rollers work very laboriously. Of course the top roll 

may be balanced although it is not driven. This 

balancing renders the work of the roller in the first 

pass much easier but increases the initial cost of the 

housing and rigging. 

From this it will be seen that the size of sheet 

that it is possible to roll on the Welsh system is 

limited to 6 ft. x 30 in. x 16 gage, or 12 ft. 10 in. x 36 

in. wide in 24 gage. It is to be observed, however 

than in actual commercial practice 12 ft. by 36 in. 

wide would be the limit rolled in 24 gage, for which 

a slightly lighter bar than H/4 in. thick would be 

required. For large sheets in 28 gage, the limit is 

8 ft. x 36 in. wide, and again a lighter bar is used. 

Assuming that sheets 10 ft. long x 36 in. wide and 

of 16 gage are required, the bar would have to weigh 

84.15 lb., or be over 2 in. thick. This thickness of 

bar would necessitate the use of a balanced top roll 

for the roughing pass, and to grip the thickness this 

top roll would have to be driven, necessitating the use 

of a pair of pinions. Thus it appears that the main 

reason for using the pinions is the fact that the practice 

of the trade has been to confine the width of the 

sheet bar to 8 in. 

If the bar were 12 in. wide by 37 in. long, the 

square area would become 444 sq. in. and taking 1 

cu. in. of steel as weighing 0.283 lb., the thickness 

of the bar to give the required weight of bar, 168.80 

lb., would be 1.339 in., which it is just possible to 

rough through a balanced jump rougher. It must 

be remembered, however, that a sheet 10 ft. long x 

36 in. wide x 16 gage is an extreme out size and 

would be rolled verv seldom or never in actual com-

178 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 6. 1920 

mercial practice, and as a consequence all the com With the first pass on an 8-in. bar and the rollmercially 

used sheets would come well within the ing time of 0.242 sec, and with 10 sec. interval for 

l^-in. limit of thickness, and for a mill whose prod the catcher to take the bar and pass it over the top 

uct would be mainly used for automobile or car siding 

roll back to the roller, 10.242 sec. elapses 

stock it would be well to have all the roughing stands More Time until the bar reaches the roller for the 

balanced, although the expense of the extra balancing for 8-in. second pass. The area after the second 

rigging could well be spared in the ordinary mill Bar pass is 8.82 sq. in., and allowing 30 per 

designed for the usual run of commercial products 

cent, reduction of area, the area after 

in the way of sheets. 

the third pass would be 6.17 sq. in. and the length 

It seems to the writer that there is nn reason why of embryo sheet would be 23.32 in. 

the bars should not be taken off the bar mill 12 in. The comparison then would be: 

wide, at least no reason that is prohibitive. In fact, 

this would make for a bar mill economy, as it would 

First pass, 12 in. bar __ 

increase the output of the bar mill. It is 

Economy obvious that the larger the sectional area 

Second pass, 12-in. bar 

in 12-in.- of the finished bar the shorter time it 

wide Bars will take to produce a given tonnage, and 

Length, 

_ 0.363 sec. 17.14 in. 

Interval, 10 sec. 10.363 sec. 

Length, 

0.519 sec. 24.48 in. 

Total time, 10.882 sec. 

Length, 

the wider bar would necessarily mean a First pass, 8-in. bar - 0.242 sec. 11.428 in. 

decreased amount of duty for the roughing pass in the 

Interval, 10 sec. 10.242 sec 

sheet mill for the reason that the reduction of area 

Length, 

and consequent elongation of the embryo sheet is already 

50 per cent, from 8 in. wide to 12 in. wide 

before the first pass. The elongation from bar to 

sheet is always in the direction of the width of the 

bar. 

Second pass, 8-in. bar 0.346 sec. 16.31 in. 

Interval, 10 sec. 20.588 sec 

Length, 

Third pass, 8-in. bar 0.494 sec. 23.32 in. 

Total time, 21.082 sec 

Or, in other words, the length of the embryo sheet 

Thus running on an 18-in. finishing mill at 40 from the 12-in. bar would be greater after the sec 

r.p.m., 5 ft. in length of 12 x y2-in. bar would weigh ond pass than the length of the embryo sheet from 

1,320 lb. and would take 1.59 sec. in the finishing the 8-in. bar after the third pass. 

pass. 

The corresponding weight of 8-in. bar would be 

S^-in. thick if 5 ft. long, and would take up the 

same amount of time on the bar mill, but to reduce 

the work of the roughing pass in the sheet mill to 

The time comparison would be for the 12-in. 

bar 10.882 sec. from bar to the 24.48 in. embryo 

sheet. For the 8-in. bar 21.082 sec. to the 23.32in. 

embryo sheet. This saving of time must necessarily 

increase the output per stand. 

An added economy is due to the fact that the 

the equivalent of the 12 x l/2-in. bar would be im heat is dissipated in direct ratio to the time elapsed 

possible on account of the weight of the bar being from the taking of the bars out of the furnace, and, 

too light. 

of course, it is obvious that the more passes on the 

Thus we see that taking 30 per cent, reduction roughing stand before the heat is dissipated, the 

of area on a 12 x l/2-in. bar 24 in. long, weight 40.80 better results will be obtained both in! finish of 

lb., cubical contents, 144 cu. in., the first pass would sheets and reduction of the number of passes re 

give an embryo sheet 17.14 in. long, 24 in. wide and quired to get down to gage in the finishing pass and 

about 23-64 in. thick, having, a cubical content of the corollary of saving in fuel. 

144 cu. in., and would be 0.363 sec. in the pass, the The economies to be effected in capital outlay are 

diameter of the rolls being 30 in. and the speed of obvious. First, the outstanding feature is the entire 

the mill train 30 r.p.m. 

elimination of the pinions and their housings. It 

To get this length from an 8 x 3/4-in. bar at the is very risky to assume even an approximate cost 

same amount of reduction of area, namely, 30 per 

for rolling mill equipment in the 

cent., and with the same diameter of rolls, 30 in., Obvious Econ- present market, but a pair of 30-in. 

and the same speed of mill train, 30 r.p.m., would omy in Capital pinions with tlieir housings and caps 

require three passes. The first reduction would be Outlay and the extra spindle for driving the 

from the 8 x S^-in. bar, 24 in. long, of 40.80 lb. 

top roll of the roughing stand would 

weight, and 144 cu. in. contents. The area to be cost at least $15,750 assembled on the shoe plates, to 

reduced, 24ix% in., or 18 sq. in., would at 30 per which must be added the extra cost of the balancing 

cent, reduction become, after the first pass, 12.60 rigging, approximately $3,000. There would be a 

sq. in., and the length of the embryo sheets 11.428 small offset to this in the shape of the extra cost of 

in., the cubical contents being 144 cu. in. The time spindle and one extra spindle carrier approximately 

in the first pass would be 0.242 sec. 

$4,000, leaving the net saving 14,750 for each stand 

Carrying the same reduction of area to the second of pinions eliminated. 

pass, viz., 30 per cent., we have this condition: Em The item of lubrication for the pinions would, of 

bryo sheet 11.428 in. long x 24 in. wide x about course, be eliminated, thus effecting a very consid 

33-64 in., having an area to be reduced of 12.60 erable annual saving in operating costs, and to this 

sq. in. and a cubical content of 144 cu. in. The area annual saving must be added the expense of upkeep 

after the second pass would thus become 8.82 sq. in., and renewals of pinions and brasses. 

which would mean an embryo sheet 16.31 in. long x 24 It is not economy to roll heavier sheets than 16 

in. wide x about 23-64 in. thick, having a cubical con gage on a sheet mill. These sheets should be rolled 

tent of 144 cu. in., and the time in the second pass on a jobbing mill where it is possible to utilize a 

being 0.346 sec. 

much heavier slab and roll sheets to a very consider-

AUGUST 6, 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 179 

able length, shearing to the required size afterward. 

In fact, a well-proportioned steel works, doing a 

large business in sheets for the modern requirements, 

should always have a sheet mill and jobbing mill 

run in conjunction with each other. There is, in 

fact, a double economy to be effected by this. 

A jobbing mill has its economical range between 

16 gage and 3-16 in. thick and thus would be a great 

relief to the plate mill, as rolling 3-16-in. plate on 

a lare plate mill is very uneconomical. 

Shop Method for Laying Out a 

Twisted Offset 

By Practical 

AF EW weeks ago we were putting up some heat 

pipe and, when we got to the connection between 

the ceiling of the first floor and the floor line 

of the second floor, we found a fitting was missing. 

The partition on the second floor ran at right angles 

to the partition on the first floor and a fitting was 

needed with a 12-in. slant height, with a twist indi- 

g ALLOW LARS 

SHOP METHOD OF GETTING PATTERN FOR TWISTED OFFSET 

cated in Fig. 1, both openings being made for 4 in. 

x 10 in. pipe. 

If the sheet metal worker will follow me, he will 

find how easy this was to lay out direct on the sheet 

metal. First a line was marked 5 in. (or one-half of 

10) from the end of the sheet, as shown by A-B in 

Fig. 2. At right angles to A-B the line B-D was 

drawn and the height B-A made equal to the slant 

height desired or in this case 12-in., indicated by 

A in Fig. 1. Through A in Fig. 2, the line A-C 

was drawn parallel to B-D. As the size of pipe used 

was 4 x 10 in, 5-in. was laid off each side of B and 

2-in. on each side of A, all as shown, and lines were 

drawn from these points as indicated. 

Now alternately at top and bottom of the pattern 

the distances 10-4-10 (at top) and 4-10-4, (at bottom) 

were laid off in inches, and lines drawn as shown 

which resulted in perfectly straight lines. Collars 

indicated by F and E were added, and notched out 

—as shown by R-S and T. 

The net pattern shape was the result of the operation, 

to which laps were allowed for double seaming 

•or riveting the corner. The collars were bent as indicated 

in the section to which the straight pipes were 

connected. 

The offset in question was placed central; that is 

one pipe directly in the center over the other. When 

this offset is not central, that is, when it projects 

more one way than another, a different method is 

•employed in getting the pattern, and will form the 

subject of another article in the near future. 

Nickel Plating Rolled Zinc 

TTSERS of rolled zinc frequently desire to nickelplate 

either the original strips and sheets of zinc 

or the articles made of it as nickel-plating on zinc is 

a regular process in a number of manufacturing plants. 

In some cases there has been diffculty in obtaining 

adherent deposits and good color. The plater who 

has had no experience in plating zinc is likely to obtain 

streaky, non-adherent deposits but the causes of 

these difficulties and remedies are given as follows by 

the New Jersey Zinc Co., 160 Front Street, New York: 

First, the surface to be plated is absolutely clean, 

yet zinc is readily attacked by strong solutions of 

caustic alkalis such as caustic soda with the attendant 

formation of various compounds on the surface of the 

zinc. Even such a mild alkali as soda ash (sodium 

carbonate) reacts under certain conditions with the 

zinc to form a thin surface film of basic carbonate. 

If it is attempted to clean the zinc in solutions 

containing much caustic alkali or if the action of 

cleaners composed essentially of sodium carbonate is 

not carefully watched and controlled, the deposit of 

of nickel will be separated from the zinc by a thin 

imperceptible layer of these basic compounds. Such a 

deposit will inevitably appear, no matter how good the 

solution may be. 

An alkali of some sort is necessary to remove the 

grease and oil left on the surface from the bottom 

operations. A cleaner composed of sodium carbonate 

with only a small amount of caustic soda may be successfully 

used if care is taken that the zinc is left in 

the solution no longer than needed to remove grease. 

There is always the tendency toward the formation 

of a surface film with the resulting pealing when 

using this type of cleaner, and it is desirable to avoid 

this danger. If zinc is used as the cathode in an electric 

cleaner, the evolution of hydrogen gas at the surface 

of the zinc effectively prevents the formation of 

an interfering film of basic compound. Moreover, 

the formation of bubbles assists mechanically in the 

emulsification of the oil or grease in the alkali solution. 

For these reasons the use of an electric cleaner 

with zinc as the cathode is recommended for cleaning 

zinc preparatory to plating of any kind. A solution 

containing four ounces of sodium carbonate per gallon 

gives good results. 

After the zinc has remained in the cleaner the necessary 

length of time, it should be removed from the 

bath, rinsed in clean water and placed in the plating 

tank without delay. The surface of the zinc should 

not be allowed to become dry as slight oxidation would 

result and this in turn would cause a non-adherent 

coating. At this stage of the operation the thoroughness 

of the cleaning may be judged; if the rinsing 

water covers the entire surface when removed momentarily 

the surface is properly cleaned, but if there is a 

tendency for the water to collect in drops or streaks 

instead of remaining in an even sheet over the surface 

the cleaning has not been carried on long enough and 

should be continued a while longer. 

Nickel may be deposited upon zinc by simply immersing 

the zinc article in a nickel solution, but such a 

deposit is always black and non-adherent. When de- 



The Five Components of Cost 

Is It Covered in the Estimate?* _ 

Neglecting Any of the Elements of Construction Expense 

Means Service Without Payment—Analysis Shows Items 

Which the Estimator Sometimes Omits—The Contractor 

Is Entitled to Salary — Profit Is the Return on His 

Capital Investment 

T H E subject, "Cost Estimating," is of unusually 

wide scope as practically each type of contract 

work has to be analyzed on its own merits and is 

subject to special considerations. In all cases, however, 

the following elements enter and must be given 

consideration: 

Financial Credit. 

Constructive Skill. 

Use of Plant. 

Hazard. 

Profit. 

The contractor should make a carefully prepared 

schedule of the amount of money which will have to 

be invested in the proposed work from the time he 

signs the contract until his final estimate 

Financial is rendered. From such schedule he must 

Credit determine the amount of interest this 

money will cost and this amount is a 

proper charge against the work. If this is not done, 

the contractor is merely contributing to the owner 

this amount. 

Furthermore, a careful analysis along these lines 

will often disclose the fact that a certain piece of 

work requires a larger amount of money to handle it 

than is apparent at first glance. Such a condition 

might work a hardship if not disaster on the contractor 

in spite of the fact that all other considerations 

had been taken care of. It is a notorious fact 

that on certain types of contracts, pay for preliminary 

work, which may be a large item, cannot be 

secured through the medium of the regular unit prices 

until the work has progressed well along to completion. 

Contractors engaged in business are entitled to 

receive compensation in the shape of an annual salary 

for personal services rendered. It is our belief that 

any computations of cost should include 

Constructive suflicient amount to cover such salary 

Skill whether it be that of a single individual 

or various members of a partnership or 

corporation. If this is not done, the contractor is 

contributing his services to the owner without remuneration, 

because by no stretch of the imagination can 

there be any rightly considered profit except as ovei 

and above a reasonable salary allowance to the contractor 

himself. 

•Report of Committee on Cost Estimate ot the Northwestern 

Association of General Contractors. 

Regarding the use of plant, this item justifies an 

independent discussion by itself and we suggest that 

the association appoint a committee to deal directly 

with it. 

Many specifications include clauses which contemplate 

making the contractor assume risks which should 

properly be borne by the site, or in other words, 

should be at the owners' risk. In making a 

Hazard proposal on such work the contractor has 

two alternatives—one to protect himself in 

his proposal against such risks by special provision 

in his proposal, or secondly, to put a large value on 

any possible risk which he is asked to stand. 

It mav be well to add in this connection that while 

it ordinarily behooves a contractor to be somewhat of 

an optimist he can well afford to be a confirmed pessimist 

when figuring this portion of a contract. It is 

possible this fact more than any other has caused 

good firms to have to go out of the contracting business. 

As to the necessity of a profit we can all be agreed. 

As to the amount which must be added as a percentage 

on the cost, differences of opinion will exist, but it 

must be remembered that the contracting bus- 

Profit iness is a particularly hazardous one; that 

it is irregular in volume and that every contract 

will not necessarily be profitable. 

Furthermore, it must be remembered that the average 

merchant sells goods from his shelves at a profit 

with a definitely established cost for the goods themselves. 

The manufacturer sells on short-term contracts—his 

overhead, plant installation and plant 

maintenance costs are established and regular, and 

while he may not in all cases be willing to admit it, 

the manufacturer is practically working on a cost 

plus basis to day. The only difference in most cases 

between his method of fixing prices and that of a cost 

plus construction contract is that the manufacturer 

can and does add a larger profit for the use of his 

organization, brains and energy. The contractor must 

provide his plant, must guess at the cost of it, in 

fact, must guess at the operating cost, must guess 

successfully if he is to stay in the business as to what 

the labor market will be, and if he is willing to do 

this he is surely entitled to a fair margin of profit. 

The following items also enter into most work and 

must be considered in detail before the preliminary 

cost of a piece of work can be considered as complete:

AUGUST 6, 1920 

Interest. 

Overhead Expense. 

Bonds. 

Insurance: 

Employers' Liability. 

Public Liability. 

Fire Insurance. 

Special Risks. 

Freight on Outfit to and 

from Work. 

Moving In and Out. 

Land Damages. 

Toolhouse and Other Buildings. 

Preliminary W r .ork. 

Cost of Materials Plus 

METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

Freight. 

Hauling Materials. 

Supervision. 

Labor. 

Loss on Board. 

Transportation of Labor. 

Tools. 

Plant Rental. 

Supplies. 

Running Repairs. 

General Repairs. 

Special. 

Machinery. 

Fuel and Power. 

Water. 

Taking up these items in order we will comment 

briefly on each: 

INTEREST—This is covered in our discussion of financial 

credits. 

OVERHEAD—A contractor should establish the proper cost 

of the overhead charges in his business. This should include 

the charges salary allowance for members of the 

firm, traveling expenses, etc. Provision should also be 

made here for the maintenance of an equipment storage 

yard. 

BONDS—No comment should be necessary on this item. 

INSURANCE—It is not necessary to make a discussion of 

the ordinary items, but we wish to call attention to the 

fact that prudence would require that any combustible 

material, together with camps, storehouses, etc., should 

be insured and such insurance is, of course, a proper item 

of cost to the work. There are often special risks which 

occur upon a job which may be protected by insurance, and 

such insurance is also part of the cost. 

FREIGHT ON OUTFIT—This is possibly a portion of the 

item following, but we have listed it separately because we 

believe that many contractors under-estimate the amount 

of freight that they will be required to pay on their outfits 

in such cases. 

MOVING IN AND OUT EXPENSE—This is an item frequently 

overlooked by contractors, but one which requires 

careful consideration. First, there is expense of loading 

outfit at the shop; second, the unloading of it at point of 

destination; third, the moving of it; fourth, the setting up 

and getting plant ready to operate, and the reverse of all 

these operations until the plant is again delivered in the 

contractor's yard. 

LAND DAMAGES—This is an item which we believe many 

contractors neglect entirely and still it is one which costs 

considerable sums of money. This seems particularly true 

in connection with county road work. Land damages accrue 

from the use of property, from moving outfits across 

property, and for storage yard and other construction 

layout. 

TOOLHOUSE AND OTHER BUILDINGS—This is another fruitful 

source of under-estimating by contractors. 

PRELIMINARY WORK—This is an item which should not 

only be considered in cost estimating, but we believe that 

we should digress from the subject for a moment and 

call attention to the fact that it is probably a duty which 

every contractor owes to himself to work out a definite 

scheme of handling a piece of work before he proceeds 

with an estimate. This does not mean that he must detail 

the laying out of an entire piece of work but that he must 

see clearly that a certain general line of procedure can be 

followed with expectation of proper results therefrom. 

COST OF MATERIALS—Mention is made of this particularly 

to emphasize the fact that a cost estimate is usually based 

on certain material quotations, and it is very necessary 

in these times that a prospective bidder should be careful 

to be properly covered with material quotations when 

making a bid and to close up promptly with the material 

dealers after the award of the contract. 

In connection with this comes a question of freight which 

must not be overlooked but in case of the present railway 

situation it would seem necessary for every bidder to make 

special provision in his proposal to protect against a 

change in freight rates during the time of the work. 

HAULING MATERIALS—All hauling costs should be verv 

carefully analyzed, as they are often a fruitful source of 

tinder-estimation. 

SOTERVISION—Care should be taken to see that any computation 

of labor also includes any supervision which is 

not covered in the item of overhead. This would usually 

mean general foremen, timekeepers, labor agents 

LABOR—Labor is perhaps the most difficult item in the 

computing of cost which a contractor has to deal with 

Kates have been rising for several years and it is apparent 

hat wages have not reached their peak. Provision must 

he made somewhere to protect against what the bidder 

considers the maximum rate which will accrue during- the 

life of the contract. 

6 

i L O S S ,°N B OARD—In most cases there is a definite board 

loss. While this may not be true with large jobs, working 

through a considerable period of time, the small crew usually 

contributes a constant loss. 

TRANSPORTATION OF LABOR—This is an item very often 

neglected, yet it is very common to have to advance railroad 

fares to laborers with the resulting increase in the cost of 

the work. 

TOOLS—Contractors often fail to make the proper allowance 

for tools. Careful analysis of work done will show that 

a tool item is a very appreciable one in every contract and 

will also indicate that tools do not carry any too well 

from job to job, but that there is a definite and* heavy loss 

on every job in connection with this item. 

SUPPLIES—This is an item which is often neglected as 

being a minor consideration. On certain classes of work it 

is really, instead, a very happy item, and should be given 

careful consideration. The contractor will save himself 

money by checking up his past work and arriving at a clear 

understanding of what such costs really are. 

RUNNING AND GENERAL REPAIRS—These should be discussed 

in connection with the use of plant, of plant rental, 

but in any case the contractor must understand that they 

are necessary parts of the cost of doing a piece of work. 

SPECIAL MACHINERY—On many contracts it is necessary 

to employ in addition to an ordinary contractor's plant some 

special form of machinery either purchased from a manufacturer 

or built by the contractor for the work. In either 

case plant rental is not a proper charge for this class of 

equipment. The entire cost of it less its scrap value must 

be charged to the one job on which it is useu, otnerwise a 

contractor may complete a large amount of work and find 

the entire profits tied up in machinery which has little value 

other than scrap. 

FUEL AND POWER—The cost of power especially varies 

so much in different localities that the bidder should 

acquaint himself carefully with the local conditions. If a 

large amount of fuel is involved careful allowance must be 

made for the hauling and handling of same. 

WATER—This item often becomes a serious obstacle to 

the proper handling of work and is one that requires a great 

deal of attention. It sometimes adds very materially to the 

cost. In addition to this, we wish to impress all contractors 

with the desirability of investigating the available water 

supply in connection with a given piece of work before 

making their figures. 

We cannot close the discussion of cost estimating 

without dwelling for a moment on the question of 

cost keeping. The fact that so many contracting 

concerns are closed out of business each year is a 

strong indication that something is not 

Conclusion correct with the way construction work 

is figured. A good deal of it comes from 

neglecting a number of items which we have men 

tioned above and which do not appeal to some men 

as being of enough moment to give direct considera 

tion to when making figures. Other trouble comes 

from not keeping careful cost data of work done and 

analyzing such costs. 

It is not the purpose of this report to go into de 

tail regarding such things, but we believe that a con 

tractor should avoid using manufacturers' statements 

of operating costs as well as any other stop-watch 

(Continued on page 193) 

181

182 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 6. 1920 

Successful Heating Attends the Practice That in Every 

Way Conforms to Natures Laws 

The Common Sense of Furnace Heatin 

Friction and restriction create trouble; ample capacity 

everywhere prevents complaints; if you tell the customer 

the why of it you will have the way of it 

T H E best aid to giving customers satisfaction from 

the furnaces which you install is your experience 

and common sense. Use them to the limit. They 

are your biggest and best asset in applying all the 

rules and aids you get from books, engineers, manufacturers 

and salesmen. Do not become overwhelmed 

or confused if you get a lot of conflicting information. 

Your job is to sort it all over and use it in accordance 

with common sense on the job in hand. All of it will 

be of use at some time, so remember it but keep your 

head. You are the one who is responsible, who will 

get the praise or the blame, so use what is most needed 

in all enterprises, just plain, every-day common sense. 

Now to consider the application. You have found a 

house, the owner of which can well afford the comfort 

of a good heating outfit. It is common sense to hunt 

such customers. They are yours and generally without 

competition, for certainly you are the first in the 

customer's memory and have shown him something of 

benefit to him. You have shown your interest and 

have made clear the necessity of doing the job right. 

But the house is to be the scene of your success in 

heating it, in making a profit and extending your 

prestige, so study it. 

There is no auestion but what wind has an effect 

on furnace heating outfits, so see from what direction 

the wintry blasts will strike the house. The location 

of trees, a hill or some other building will deflect the 

north wind and make it strike the house on the east 

side, while it may be sheltered on the west. Take your 

air supply accordingly and locate the furnace so the 

pipes will be short running to the cold side. 

It may be that your customer wants a really firstclass 

job and the best you know how to do. Then 

make the air supply duct big enough, fully equal in 

area to the total area of all the warm-air pipes. If 

possible enclose the window from which 

Make the the air supply is taken and make it a 

Air Supply room or chamber big enough to have 

.Imple three or four times the capacity of the 

air duct you intend to run from it 

through the furnace. This will make it a settling 

chamber so that dust and dirt will collect and not be 

carried into the furnace. It will also serve as a 

cushion to break up the force of the wind that will 

enter through the opening to this chamber. 

It may be that the house will be so located that 

winds will drive against it sometimes from one side 

and sometimes from the other side. This may necessitate 

the use of a cold air duct from each side of the 

house, to be operated by closing the damper on one 

side and opening it on the other as requirements may 

indicate. 

It may be better to take the air supply from within 

the liouse, from the hall or from one or two of the 

large rooms on the first floor. There will then be no 

zero air to come in contact with the fur- 

Inside Air nace to use coal to heat it up to 70 deg. 

Supply Has before it commences to absorb extra 

Advantages heat lost through the walls and windows 

while maintaining a comfortable 

temperature in the various rooms heated. 

Inside air supply has been quite commonly used all 

across the northern border of the United States for 

many years and it is now being more generally used 

wherever furnace heating systems are installed. Apparently 

the results have not been detrimental to the 

health of those occupying the homes, even if theoretically 

there is something hygienically in favor of the 

outdoor air supply. The main thing about the air 

supply is that it shall be adequate and continuous 

whether it comes from indoors or outdoors, whether 

from the point of intake it runs in a duct under the 

floor to a pit over which the furnace is placed, having 

a pier in the center to support the weight, or whether 

it runs on top of the floor and connect with the casing 

of the furnace. 

It has already been indicated that the location of 

the furnace is of great importance. The point of location 

is not governed by the loca- 

You Must tion of the coal bin, where the cellar 

Select Location stairs come down, or some other simfor 

Furnace ilar seemingly important thing. The 

point of location is governed by the 

ease with which the air heated by the furnace can flow 

through the pipes to the rooms to be heated. 

The location must insure to the greatest possible extent 

that the little force that actuates the flow of air 

will overcome the vagaries of the wind on the outside. 

The wind has an effect through forcing its way 

through the pores of the building material and in 

around the cracks of doors and windows on the windward 

side and it flows out freely through the same 

openings on the other side of the building. 

Consequently, within the building there is a movement 

of air toward the side where it can escape the 

easiest. This, in a large measure, governs the flow 

of air and if the air is taken from the inside of the 

building, this is very largely overcome. So it can be 

readily seen that the location of the furnace is most 

.mportant. It means that it must be so that the pipes 

are shortest and with the sharpest pitch which lead to

AUCUST 6, 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 183 

the rooms most exposed to the wind and weather and 

which naturally will require the most heat. 

A man will naturally cuss some if he has to carry 

the coal around the furnace, but he will cuss more if 

he can't heat the house. A woman may not cuss, but 

she will say other things if she has to come down the 

cellar stairs and walk around the furnace to get to the 

storeroom or some other supplies kept in the cellar. 

But she would be uncomfortable and complain all winter 

if the furnace were so located that it could not 

do its work. 

In this it is implied that everything must be done 

to avoid friction. Too many people do not make their 

furnace bonnets in a way that will let the air flow to 

the best advantage through the pipes, do 

Friction an not connect their pipes so that there is 

Expensive the best possible flow of air from the fur- 

Enemy nace into them to send the warm current 

to the register. Then at the other end 

of the pipe away from the furnace, it must be connected 

with the wall stack or register in such a way 

that the right-angled turn upward is made with the 

least possible friction or resistance. 

A round pipe cannot be attached to the flat side 

of a wall stack and good results expected. There 

must be a transition piece which will enable the air 

to flow from one to the other with greater facility 

than an abrupt turn. 

No labor or expense for a fitting is too great to be 

borne if it will insure the elimination of friction, 

more satisfactory heating and consequently a lesser 

consumption of fuel to do the work. Friction at points 

where air flow through the pipes and through the registers 

is only overcome by forcing the furnace, burning 

coal, wearing the furnace out and yet often interfering 

with the proper heating of the building on 

severely cold days. 

It is the cold day with a high wind which the plant 

must be designed to meet and maintain a comfortable 

temperature in the building. So when you are called 

upon to make an estimate and lay out a plant in the 

summer-time, do not overlook the be- 

Outfit Must low zero blizzard that the furnace 

Heat on will have to offset. If all these 

Coldest Days things are explained to the customer 

with the reasons why the recommendations 

must be granted, he will not complain about 

an expensive coal consumption, or cold house on cold 

days, but rather will be a rooter for your methods of 

installing a furnace heating system. 

Now a word about the furnace. A furnace with an 

ample firepot is essential for on the amount of coal 

burned depends the amount of heat generated and 

which the furnace can transmit to the air passing 

through it for the warming of the 

Use Furnace building. Bv overcoming the loss of 

of Ample heat through the walls and windows 

Capacity and by leakage, a small furnace that 

has to be run hard means high temperature 

for the air. This means excessive dryness and 

is to be avoided. It is better to have a furnace with 

a large firepot so that the fire can be run more economically 

on the slow combustion plan and the fire 

would not need to be replenished so often or require 

such frequent attention. This all counts for the operator 

and should be pointed out. 

A furnace with a large firepot naturally has a large 

casing and has lots of space for air to pass through 

and be warmed in the passing and thus fill all of the 

pipes with warm air. The furnace should be of such 

a construction that the draft will have a long passage 

through the flues in the radiator and down so as to' 

make the heat impinge strongly against the surfaces. 

Such a furnace will expose a large amount of surface 

in the firepot, combustion chamber and the drums or 

radiators through which the gas passes so that the air 

will not be able to go through the furnace without 

coming in contact with a hot surface at some point so 

as to absorb the heat and take it where it is needed. 

Furnaces are made specially adapted for hard coal 

and for soft coal and should be selected in accordance 

with the character of fuel that is to be used. 

Now a word about the effect of the water pan. It 

should be located in the furnace at a point where the 

water is sure to be evaporated and the vapor given 

to the air passing through the furnace. A water pan 

that does not have to be replenished 

Humidity for a week is not a humidifier at all. 

Makes Heating Any furnace installed for a custo- 

Easier mer in a home should certainly be 

provided with an evaporating outfit 

that will be effective. It has been demonstrated that 

at least half a gallon of water for 1,000 cu. ft. of 

space must be evaporated every 24 hr. when the air 

supply is taken from outdoors. When an indoor air 

supply is used, a very much less evaporation will be 

all that is required, because the moisture does not pass 

out of the air when it returns to the furnace, but the 

air simply expands and has capacity for more moisture 

and it carries with it the moisture it requires. 

Now, possibly a word as to the size of the warmair 

pipes or how the size is determined, might be desirable. 

There have been many rules 

Size of Pipes given in a period of years. To recapitulate, 

if 1 sq. in. of warm-air pipe 

area is provided for every 20 cu. ft. of air space in 

first-floor rooms, there is a reasonable certainty that 

the room will be heated on the blizzard zero day. 

Another way of figuring is to provide 1 sq. in. of 

warm-air pipe area for every square foot of glass 

surface or equivalent glass surface, counting 4 sq. ft. 

of wall the equivalent in heat-loosing capacity to 

1 sq. ft. of glass. Then so far as the furnace is 

concerned, if 1 sq. in. of grate area to about 2 sq. 

ft. of equivalent glass surface when inside air is used, 

a correspondingly larger amount of grate surface 

must be provided in proportion to the glass surface 

when outside air is used. 

There is presented in the issue of April 30, pages 

549-551, some interesting proportions of an actual 

working system with inside air supply, which may be 

studied with advantage. 

However, the main point here has been to make 

it clear to the furnaceman that he must hunt for the 

class of business that will enable him to do the best 

he knows because invariably the better 

The Kind the job, the less coal required for the 

of Trade house. If the cost of the installation 

to Seek amounts to something more, the interest 

on the investment will well be repaid in 

the amount of coal saved by the better outfit. In a 

few vears it will be enough to pay the cost of the

184 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCUST 6. 1920 

whole installation, so that a plant of ample capacity 

instead of being expensive is really the most economical 

one to be installed. 

There should be no difficulty on the part of the 

man who is thoroughly qualified to make this perfectly 

clear to his customers and to walk off with 

the orders even when competitors have a look-in and 

quote lower figures. 

American Manufacturers Discuss Fundamentals 

That Bear on the Successful Heating of Homes 

More Furnace Trade Abroad 

Favors Constructions That Eliminate Cause for 

Objections Raised by English Heating Contractor 

A GREAT educational work can be done for the 

benefit of the furnace industry if all qualified 

will give from their experience to show how the 

questions raised by an English heating contractor in 

the issue of July 2 can be satisfied with a full explanation 

of the methods of doing. The trade at 

home will be immensely helped if some effort is expended 

in making first-class constructions and methods 

more widely known. Another contribution to 

that end is given below: 

F. A. NORRIS & Co., 

11-12 St. Andrews Hill, 

Queen Victoria Street, 

London, England. 

GENTLEMEN: 

In your communication of May 27, 1920, which 

appeared in the July 2 issue of METAL WORKER, 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER, you requested the views 

of some manufacturers on the subject of warm-air 

cheating. 

Mass-psychology and precedent you will find interfere 

greatly with real progress and what we must 

do to reach the ideal is to teach individualism to the 

individual so that each of us can think and act for 

ourselves and do something to benefit humanity. 

A number of things we believe enter into the matter 

of hygienic heating, which often are not given 

consideration in this connection. It is particularly 

important to select an apparatus within the financial 

means of a very large percentage of the home owners, 

thereby rendering a service to a great majority of 

the people. 

The absolute elimination of carbon monoxide gas, 

a product of combustion, from the circulation. These 

gases or fire poisons attack the "haemoglobin,'' the 

substance of the half-mature cells in the process of 

forming the new tissues, tliereby re- 

Some of ducing its strength. The result is a 

Things to Be degeneration that eventually leads to 

Considered a "break-down" and many serious 

nervous disorders that soon prove 

fatal. The air must be of uniform temperature night 

and day without noticeable variation and in most 

cases with once a day firing. Irregular temperatures 

are not conducive to good health and it is most 

annoying to make frequent trips to the basement, 

when these trips mean unnecessary fuel consumption. 

The air must be only mildly lieated, as super 

heated air has proven to be as harmful as stagnant 

air. Overheating devitalizes the air the same as 

stagnation. Both produce the same depressing effects, 

greatly lowering our powers of resistance. 

The air should be completely changed in each 

room every 10 or 15 minutes, thereby giving you a 

standard of ventilation which insures that at no time 

will there be more than 6 parts of CO2 to breathe 

to 10,000 parts air. Failure to do so is a failure to 

restore vitality as required. 

The difference in temperature between ceiling and 

floor must be reduced to the minimum and noticeable 

drafts must be avoided as they are dangerous 

to the old, to the young and to the invalid. 

If we could only realize that the lack of pure air 

combined with ventilation is what makes winter the 

doctor's harvest season, it being the period in which 

the dreaded house diseases, such as tuberculosis, 

pneumonia, influenza, grippe, colds, etc., are prevalent, 

such diseases being especially violent where 

some systems of heating are used, then we would recognize 

that the supplying of a certain amount of heat 

units is not the most important thing in a heating 

plant. 

Naturally we all know that we can live three weeks 

without food, but we take care in seeing that it is 

safe-guarded from contamination to the fullest extent. 

We can live three days without water but would not 

consider drinking impure or stagnant 

Importance water. We ean live only 3 minutes 

of Fresh Air without air and scarcely any attention 

is given to its purity during the greater 

half of the year, probably because it cannot be seen. 

The comparison of the outdoor and indoor life will 

convince you that we are stating facts. If you knew 

that 90 per cent, of the so-called preventable diseases 

could be eliminated and that the mortality in the home 

could be lessened 50 per cent, during the winter 

months would then the subject of a proper atmosphere 

in the home be worthy of consideration ? 

Utmost economy in fuel consumption must be kept 

in mind, which means a heater of scientific design, 

without rivets or seams, but with large grate areas, 

ample air passages, positive automatic control, complete 

down draft and use of entire radiating surfaces. 

Warm-air heating plants are being manufactured 

in America that will positively insure above benefits 

that mean so much to the comfort and health of the 



FROM T. R. M., OHIO.—Having seen the inquiry 

of "A. B." in the issue of July 9 and the answer of 

"J. B." in the issue of July 23, I want to follow "J. 

B.'s" example and call the attention to the method of 

heating a bathroom from the range 

Connecting boiler that was recommended in 

Boiler to Heat METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

Bathroom STEAM FITTER a good many years 

ago and which I have tried out with 

satisfaction. The method will be clearly understood 

from the drawing which is reproduced here. It will 

be noted that a galvanized sheet iron jacket with a 

space l 1 /^ in. between it and the boiler all around 

envelopes the boiler. At the bottom a space of about 

6 in. below the bottom of the boiler is provided, the 

rr o o rt Return 

Air 

AA//A///AAAAA///////////AAAAAAA/7 

CONNECTING BOILER TO HEAT BATHROOM 

shell being cut to go over the pipes and the bottom 

being made with openings to suit the boiler stand and 

to enclose the bottom of the boiler as near tight as 

possible. From the top of this shell a 6-in. pipe is 

carried to an 8-in. round register in the bathroom 

floor. Then along side of it is another 8-in. round 

register with a 6-in. pipe leading from this to the 

bottom of the shell around the boiler so that the cold 

air from the bathroom can drop down this pipe, come 

in contact with the boiler and be heated and discharged 

through the 6-in. opening. A 6-in. opening 

will heat the bathroom very nicely under these circumstances. 

I assume that here is a boiler 5 ft. in 

height and 12 in. in diameter at least. This will provide 

about 17 sq. ft. of heating surface for the air to 

come in contact with in passing between the shell and 

the boiler and then the shell will get reasonably warm 

so that it will help somewhat in the heating. Here 

then is something over 17 sq. ft. of heating surface 

and the 6-in. round pipe has an area of 28 sq. ft., so 

that the inlet and outlet area has a proportion of a 

little over l 1 /^ sq. in. to the square foot of surface 

exposed and this is not a bad proportion when the air 

is taken from out-of-doors at zero and used in connection 

with an indirect hot-water radiator. I simply 

bring attention to this so that "A. B." can see that 

the bathroom can be heated in the winter-time with 

the range boiler in the kitchen, where it belongs, and 

without the bathroom uncomfortable in the summer 

season because both registers can be shut or tight 

dampers can be placed in the pipe. Like "A. B.," I 

am waiting for other fellows to tell their methods of 

accomplishing the results desired by "A. B.'s" 

customer. 

FROM H. J., ROUND LAKE, III.—A rather unusual 

question is asked by "J. W. & S.," Glencoc Ontario, 

in the issue of June 25. In ordinary household use 

it is unusual to have a stove reservoir 

Stove sweat, and the only time when this i.s 

Reservoir liable to happen is when all the water is 

Sweats taken out and the tank refilled with cold 

water, or when a fresh fire is started and 

the water is cold. Sometimes a reservoir will sweat 

on a cold night when the flap check damper in the 

stove pipe has been left open, and the draft has cooled 

the water down below the usual temperature. 

When a water supply is exceptionally cold, it is 

often customary to preheat it by means of some piping 

arrangement in the back of the stove. If this is 

done, a sheet of heavy asbestos paper should be used 

to cover the pipes so as to absorb the condensation. 

and it should be wrapped tight and fastened with 

heavy twine, spaced y2 in. apart, as a wire would rust 

unless it were enameled copper. 

It seems strange that such things should happen 

on the Fourth of July, and- confidentially, just between 

us, it is quite possible that the reservoir may 

leak. 

I don't want to hurt anybody's feelings, but if all 

would study cause and effect more, the reason and 

remedy for many troubles could be easily discarded. 

Most men are up against a wall when something don't 

work, instead of thinking this effect is produced by 

some cause. What is it? How can I locate it? They 

would then go over the job and note the material and 

conditions and soon master the problem.

186 METAL WORKER, P LU M BE R AN D STE A M FI TT ER AUGUST 6, 1920 


The Pay Envelope 

A N absolutely square deal insures complete sat 

isfaction with the pay envelope. One of the 

presidential candidates has said that he has 

viewed the contents of the pay envelope from the 

point of the earner as well as the employer and also 

added: "I wish the higher wages continue on the con 

dition that the wage earner shall give full return for 

the wage received." 

It is very clear that the wage earner in best stand 

ing does not receive his entire pay in the envelope. 

In many instances those who provide the money to 

pay the men neither see the envelope nor know the 

men. But there are plenty of other instances when 

the man counting out the money to put in the en 

velopes knows every man and the work which he does 

To watch his face while the process is going on will 

be to discover frown in some instances, perplexity in 

others and good sound satisfaction in others. If the 

amount placed in the envelope could be seen, it would 

be noted that it was practically the same in each in 

stance. Then why the difference in the feeling re 

flected on the countenance? Can it be that in one 

instance the man was a shirk, in another that he was 

indifferent and in the third that the man was taking 

as much interest in the business as if he owned it 

himself. 

In the fields in which our efforts are engaged the 

man who fills the pay envelope is very apt to have a 

personal acquaintance with every man who receives 

one and that in too many instances the commendation 

that the loyal worker is entitled to is neglected is a 

matter of fact. On the other hand, there are a host 

of men receiving their pay who are indifferent to the 

feelings of those who pass the money along. That is 

a condition which can best be changed by a loyal 

service of the worker, not to his employer, but to the 

final purchaser of his labor. Some of the pay a 

worker gets is consideration in slack times, of having 

the best work given him, in saving him from the la 

borious work in a manifestation of respect, in his 

recommendation to customers and in favors whenever 

they can be shown, all of wliich amounts to something 

both in cash and comfort to the soul of that noblest 

work of God—the honest man. Such wage earners 

seldom go astray in the pains they take to maintain 

their honor by giving an honest day's work for a day's 

pay. 

Collections 

FROM concerns which are somewhat careful in the 

extension of credit, the reports are that the money 

is coming in from the trade quite satisfactorily. 

This is encouragement that the average tradesman is 

also getting an early settlement from his customers. 

That is as it should be. Too many neglect to send 

the bill to the customer as soon as the work is done. 

Those whose books are not up-to-date and whose bills 

have not been sent out should use some of these long 

evenings to see that all charges are carefully made and 

everything is in readiness to send the customer a bill 

for work that has been done. Then they should see 

to it that it is paid with reasonable promptness. 

The volume of business some men are doing will not 

permit them to give a customer an unlimited time in 

which to pay. They need their money so as to keep 

turning it over, and this fall with the railroad ship 

ments delayed, the goods in various lines scarce, it is 

an assured fact that the man who pays promptly will 

receive preference in the consideration for his order, 

and the man who has not paid will find it difficult to 

get the goods he needs. There is one, and only one 

recommendation—that is, to collect up and pay up. 

Factory Inspection 

T H E R E has been need for great vigilance on the 

part of all who have inspected the work done in 

many factories. It has had a beneficial effect in 

the many places which have employed those who have 

less skill than would be desired for the work. Never 

theless, the critical inspection has had a great deal to 

do with training these people to do their work cor 

rectly and also this vigilance has prevented the usual 

percentage of defects to be discovered by the cus 

tomer. They are rather discovered in the factory and 

made good so that shipment in many instances brings 

nothing which causes annoyance to the buyer. 

Too little attention is paid to this fact and to the 

fact that whatever a man spends his money for at 

the present time, he gets a big value for it. 

Those who complain about prices, should have 

brought to their attention the material, the finish and 

the mechanical design of what is used. Seldom has 

there been any better product in proportion to the 

period than is now available and being widely used.

AUCUST 6, 1920 METALWORKER, PLUMBER AND STE AM FITTER 187 

When'New York's Transportation Facilitie 

Were Blocked 

Transportation Discrimination Met by Vigorous Action 

THROUGHOUT the United States there will be 

interest in a little history of what has been transpiring 

with transportation facilities in New York 

and how some loyal citizens went to work to protect 

the public from the course being pursued by some 

misguided citizens who made trouble. 

of Citizen's Committee 

"The Perils of the Port and the People's Defense" 

is the title of a little pamphlet issued by the Citizens' 

Transportation Committee 233 Broadway, New York 

City, from which the following is taken: 

Earlv in May the city was suffering acutely from a 

collapse of transportation facilities, due largely to 

labor difficulties, so that an informal committee was 

organized including the presidents of some large city 

organizations to deal with the situa- 

Discrimination tion. It took up its work of inves- 

Shoicn tigation without opposition to any 

class or group with the determination 

to furnish the people of New York with such 

transportation service as the different agencies of 

employers and employees refused or failed to furnish. 

The Transportation Trade Council of the Port of 

New York, with a membership of a little over 100,- 

000, adopted resolutions not to transport any nonunion 

merchandise and not to serve any connecting 

transportation facilities unless manned by union men 

exclusively. Transportation facilities instead of serving 

the public impartially, were being turned into 

instruments of class aggression. 

In a case before the New York Supreme Court the 

conclusion contained the following: This seems to be 

a combination to gain control over transportation and 

to blockade the channels of trade against all nonunion 

merchandise and against concerns which do not 

make union contracts. Such a combination to exclude 

open-shop merchandise from the channels of trade 

and commerce and the markets of the nation is a 

conspiracy against public welfare and deprives the 

public of their sovereign rights of choice to purchase 

such goods as they want because by artificial methods 

it keeps such goods out of the market. 

It does not lie with union leaders to lay down the 

proposition that the last word in deciding what merchandise 

shall or shall not be transported should rest 

exclusively in them. While it is indisputable that a 

man may enter any vocation that he chooses yet if he 

sees fit to select a field indissolubly linked with the 

rights of the public such as that of a common carrier 

he must defer his own rights to that of public welfare 

and must at all times stand ready and willing to assume 

all of the exacting duties which he knows are 

due to the public. When he enters the public service 

he impliedly acquiesces in assuming all of these obli 

gations. He must either get out of the transportation 

business or serve all people alike. 

This was part of the opinion of Justice Fawcett in 

a case tried before him. To meet the crisis the Citizens' 

Transportation Committee was formed to take 

up the work of defense. It held public meetings, developed 

public opinion, passed resolutions, 

Definite raised money, conducted independent ship- 

Action ping operations and established the funda- 

Taken mental principles in a lawsuit. At one of 

the meetings it was stated: We are going 

to do the job ourselves and do it thoroughly. Anyone 

here who is not in the frame of mind where he will be 

prepared to do his full duty and who cannot be 

counted upon for loyalty and determination had best 

quietly and promptly leave this meeting. Men of 

business, we are trustees for the people of this great 

city and there is obligation whicli rests on each and 

every one of us to help protect those many thousands 

of our citizens who, less fortunate than ourselves, are 

unable to defend themselves. 

Among the accomplishments that are grouped under 

three headings is the statement that public opinion 

has been aroused to the danger of permitting any 

class to dominate and control transportation facilities 

for selfish class purposes. Another statement is that 

the moral effect of the courageous example of those 

employed by the Citizens' Trucking Co. in serving 

steamships here where pickets were stationed, has resulted 

in other trucking establishments following this 

lead and performing a service which they formerly 

were afraid to perform, while the ruling from the 

Supreme Court of the State of New York to the effect 

that common carriers and their employees have 

no right to discriminate against non-union merchandise 

or merchandise delivered to them by non-union truckmen 

has given legal endorsement. 

The pamphlet states that subscriptions for the 

work are needed and that a large reserve underwriting 

is essential to the work of defense. It has sent the 

following letter to different manufacturers, jobbers 

and others interested in the matter to secure the 

needed funds for further work for the protection of 

the interests of the citizen: 

CNDER WHITING AGREEMENT WITH CITIZENS' TRANSPORTATION 

COMMITTEE 

Whereas, Certain combinations existing in this community 

are attempting, by unfair discrimination, to deprive the 

public of adequate transportation facilities and the distribution 

of foodstuffs, material and merchandise is thereby 

impeded; and 

Whereas, The merchants of New York assembled in convention 

on May 5, 1020, resolved that a committee be ap- 

"•>inted with authority to establish independent trucking 

facilities and to provide for adequate police protection and 


188 METALWORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCUST 6. 1920 

Interest of the Public in Strikes 

Over 1600 Commercial and Trade Organizations Vote 

T H E R E was presented on page 155 of the issue of 

July 30 an announcement that the Chamber of 

Commerce of the United States had sent out a 

referendum vote on twelve principles of industrial re 

lation. There has just been received from the Cham 

ber the report of the special committee to the board 

showing how the vote came in on the twelve different 

items and they are given as follows: 

1. Every person possesses the right to engage in any lawful 

business or occupation and to enter, individually or collectively, 

into any lawful contract of employment, "either as 

employer or employee. These rights are subject to limitation 

only through a valid exercise of public authority. The 

vote was, in favor, 1,675; opposed, 2. 

in Favor of a Strike Prohibition Law 

-2. The right of open-shop operation, that is, the right of 

employer and employee to enter into and determine the conditions 

of employment relations with each other, is an essential 

part of the individual right of contract possessed by 

each of the parties. The vote was, in favor, 1,665; opposed, 4. 

3. All men possess the equal right to associate voluntarily 

for the accomplishment of lawful purposes by lawful means. 

The association of men, whether of employers, employees or 

others, for collective action or dealing, confers no authority 

over, and must not deny any right of, those who do not desire 

to act or deal with them. The vote was, in favor, 1,677; 

opposed, 4. 

4. The public welfare, the protection of the individual, 

and sound employment relations require that associations or 

combinations of employers or employees, or both, must 

equally be subject to the authority of the State and legally 

responsible to others for their conduct and that of their 

agents. The vote was, in favor, 1,671; opposed 4. 

5. To develop, with due regard for the health, safety and 

well-being of the individual, the required output of industry 

is the common social obligation of all engaged therein. The 

restriction of productive effort or of output by either employer 

or employee for the purpose of creating' an artificial 

scarcity of the product or of labor is an injury to society. 

The vote was, in favor, 1,675; opposed, 3. 

6. The wage of labor must come out of the product of industry 

and must be earned and measured by its contribution 

thereto. In order that-the worker, in his own and the general 

interest, may develop his full productive capacity, and 

may thereby earn at least a wage sufficient to sustain him 

upon a proper standard of living, it is the duty of management 

to co-operate with him to secure continuous employment 

suited to his abilities, to furnish incentive and opportunity 

for improvement, to provide proper safeguards for 

his health and safety and to encourage him in all practicable 

and reasonable ways to increase the value of his,productive 

effort. The vote was, in favor, 1,679; opposed, 2. 

7. Thc number of hours in the work day or week in which 

tin- maximum output, consistent with the health and wellbeing 

of the individual, can be maintained in a given industry 

should be ascertained by careful study and never should 

be exceeded except in case of emergency, and one day rest 

in seven, or its equivalent, should be provided. The reduction 

in working hours below such economic limit, in order to 

secure greater leisure for the individual, should be made 

only with full understanding and acceptance of the fact that 

it involves a commensurate loss in the earning power of the 

workers, a limitation and a shortage of the output of the 

industry and an increase in the cost of the product, with all 

the necessary effect of these things upon the interests of the 

community and the nation. The vote was, in favor, 1,677; 

opposed, 3. 

8. Adequate means satisfactory both to the employer and 

his employees, and voluntarily agreed to by them, should be 

provided for the discussion and adjustment of employment 

relations and the just and prompt settlement of all disputes 

that arise in the course of industrial operation. The vote 

was, in favor, 1,668; opposed, 8. 

9. When, in the establishment or adjustment of employment 

relations, the employer and his employees do not deal 

individually, but by mutual consent, such dealing ls conducted 

by either party through representatives, it is proper 

for the other party to ask that these representatives shall 

not be chosen or controlled by, or in such dealing in any 

degree represent, any outside group or interest in the questions 

at issue. In favor, 1,568; opposed, 54. 

10. The greatest measure of reward and well-being for 

both employer and employee and the full social value of 

their service must be sought in the successful conduct and 

full development of the particular industrial establishment 

in which they are associated. Intelligent and practical cooperation 

based upon a mutual recognition of this community 

of interest constitutes the true basis of sound industrial 

relations. The vote was, in favor, 1,664; opposed, 2. 

11. The State is sovereign and cannot tolerate a divided 

allegiance on the part of its servants. While the right of 

government employees, national, state or municipal, to be 

heard and to secure consideration and just treatment must 

be amply safeguarded, the community welfare demands that 

no combination to prevent or impair the operation of government 

or of any government function shall be permitted. 

The vote was, in favor, 1,663; opposed, 4. 

12. In public service activities the public interest and 

well-being must be the paramount and controlling consideration. 

The power of regulation and protection exercised by 

the State over the corporation should properly extend to the 

employees in so far as may be necessary to assure the adequate 

continuous and unimpaired operation of public utility 

service. The vote was, in favor, 1,649; opposed, 18. 

The referendum on public utilities employment car 

ried the Veconinieiidatioiis of the Chamber's committee 

on public utilities. These were two in number and 

are given as follows with the vote on each: 

The committee recommends that strikes by employees of 

all public service corporations performing publie service essential 

to the lives, health, security, comfort and well-being 

of the people should by law be explicitly prohibited. For, 

1,564; against, 97. 

The committee recommends that suitable tribunals should 

be created by law to adjudicate differences between the employees 

of public service corporations and their employees 

and that the decisions of such tribunals should be final and 

binding upon both parties. For, 1,571; against, 100. 

Thoughts on Life and Business 

Conquer in the battles with yourself and the battle 

of life will become easier. 

Notice that "ideas' starts with I. 

The way to carry a stiff load is to have a stiff upper 

lip. 

Don't be switched. 

Look in and look up. 

Sourness spoils men as well as milk. 

Prosperity stays only with tliose it does not spoil. 

Forbes Magazine (N. Y.)

AUGUST 6, 1920 [ E T A L WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 189 

Technology of Sheet Metal Enameling 

The Bureau of Standards is issuing a general treatise 

dealing with the technology of enameling slieet 

iron and steel. It has been compiled by J. B. Shaw 

in response to the demand for a general treatise dealing 

with the technology of the manufacture of vitreous 

enamels for these metals. 

F_om the standpoint of mechanical equipment, says 

the booklet, the sheet iron and enameling industry has 

been probably, the most progressive of all ceramic industries 

in the United States. The presses and machinery 

used for working the steel and forming the 

shapes are unsurpassed in ingenuity by those used in 

any otlier industry, and are constantly being improved. 

In this respect the sheet metal enameling industry of 

this country has led the world. In the strictly ceramic 

lines of industry having to do with the preparation 

and application of the enamels, progress has been less 

rapid. Up to a few years ago there was very little 

work carried on, and this little was seldom published. 

Recently there has been a decided change in this respect. 

Representatives of the enameling industry have 

been joining the ceramic technical societies, have been 

contributing rather liberally to the journals of these 

organizations and have been showing a decided interest 

in developing the technology of sheet metal enameling. 

The leading manufacturers of the country are realizing 

that the sheet-iron enameling industry has reached 

the limit of development possible so long as it depends 

upon formulas rather than upon men with technical 

training which will enable them to improve and manipulate 

these formulas to meet the varying conditions. 

"In collecting the data for this paper," declares the 

announcement of the Bureau of Standards, "an effort 

has been made to obtain reliable and authentic information 

wherever available and correlate it in such a 

manner as to shed some light on the problems encountered 

by enamelers. The treatise is a compilation 

of data dealing with the subject of enameling from 

various publications from the note book of the author, 

from the files of the Bureau, and from the experience 

of men engaged in the enameling industry in this 

country. 

"Among the subjects dealt with in connection with 

the properties and preparation of steel for enameling 

are physical and chemical requirements, sand blasting 

treatment preliminary to pickling and methods of pickling. 

A chapter is devoted to the properties of the raw 

materials used in compounding enamels. The relations 

between chemical composition and physical properties 

of enamels are discussed fully. The procedure used in 

the preparation, applying and firing enamels are described 

in detail. The calculation of enamel formulas 

is fully explained and examples are given. The physical 

properties of enamels are dealt with in some detail 

and resistance of enamels to chemical action is fully 

discussed." 

The head of every large department of a business 

has repeatedly had the experience of going to his chief 

for direction and advice on some vital matter involving 

large expenditure and of being told: "That's your 

job, not mine." There are two kinds of men who 

never amount to anything—one kind cannot do as they 

are told and the other cannot do anything else. 

THE VENT 

Money Making Ideas 

Ignored 

Because They Are Kept under Cover 

Remove the Wrapper from 

Your Trade Papers 

Get the Habit 

M Y WORK brings me into hundreds 

of plumbing, heating and sheet 

metal contractors' offices. And I 

see piles of trade papers in their 

original wrappers. As dust catchers they 

are great but that isn't their purpose. 

They are the little gold mines that come 

every week or month and the contractors 

subscribe to them because they know it is 

good business and then pass them up for 

some trivial excuse like, "I don't have time 

to read them." 

Several men of my acquaintance who do 

big business set aside a specified time each 

week to look over all the papers that they 

subscribe to. Some clip them and file what 

they think they can use. They are in the 

minority. 

Another has a fine plan. All his trade 

papers are sent to his home where he has 

more time to give them the attention they 

deserve. 

It's a good idea and more could profit 

from it. 

A. V. H.

190 METALWORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCUST 6, 1920 

Suffolk County Trade Outing 

Wonderful Clambake and Big Dinner With Much 

Gaiety and Good Fellowship 

A L L of the delightful affairs of the trades throughout 

the country are beyond the possibilities of 

the staff so when President Fred B. Barker 

sent word that the heating and plumbing contractors 

would hold an outing he was requested to appoint a 

member to serve a.s scribe to report what transpired 

and here is the way the affair looked to Lewis C. Austin 

of Riverhead who rose to the occasion. 

With the Atlantic ocean roaring a cordial welcome 

on one side of the veranda where the diners were 

seated and a placid arm of the Great South Bay 

smiling an equally cordial greeting on the other side 

of the veranda, the annual outing of the Master 

Plumbers, Steam and Hot Water Fitters' Association 

of Suffolk County at Gunning Point, Westhampton, 

on Wednesday, July 28, was ushered in in a way that 

spelled success, and successful it was from every angle. 

In fact, it was called the most successful outing 

this live-wire organization has yet held. 

The day was ideal and everyone seemed to be in the 

best of spirits. Over 100 men and ladies, representing 

all parts of Suffolk County, and a sprinkling of manufacturers 

and salesmen representing big houses in 

distant places attended—and the menu! No one 

there will ever forget that big dinner, served as onlv 

Al. Rose of East Quogue can serve a real Long Island 

menu, with everything fresh from the sea or the nearby 

farms. "Fit for a king" was a tribute that gave 

way to this: "Yes, and fit for a plumber, too." 

Preceding the dinner, former Supervisor Charles H. 

Redfield of Westhampton Beach, also chairman of the 

committee of arrangements, personally presided at a 

real Long Island clambake. That he is a past-master 

of the art as well as a master plumber was the verdict 

of all and was amply proved in the way the five 

bushels of clams dug from the nearby bay disappeared 

when Charlie told the crowd to fall in for rations. 

He built this bake to a scientific nicety, and he proved 

that one doesn't need pipe, tongs, pliers nor any other 

tool of the craft to get the hot clams out of the bake. 

He showed 'era how to turn the trick with two simple 

sticks. Then, in addition, Mr. Redfield, together with 

Fred Barker, tlie popular and genial president of the 

association ; his brother, George, both prominent residents 

of Quogue; and a lot of the other men who are 

large around the waistline, showed how to make those 

clams disappear. That bake was one of the jolly 

parts of the prelude to dinner—an appetizer, as it 

was. 

There are two things that seem certain. Either the 

plumbers have been so busy buying overalls to work 

in that they didn't have time to buy a nifty bathing 

suit, or else a majority of the craft takes to some other 

things in the liquid line better than they take to water, 

for it was observed that only a few thought the ocean 

looked good to them. Tliose few did take a dip, and 

they declared the water wonderful. And when they 

came out they had wonderful appetites. Some went 

twice around everything from lobsters to ice cream, 

and escaped indigestion, so what might have happened 

to the caterer if all hands had taken to the ocean may 

be imagined. 

The members of the big crowd present were nearly 

everyone of them representative citizens in their home 

villages, showing that the plumbing trade has lately 

attracted the best there is in citizenship in the old and 

conservative county of Suffolk. Formal shop talk was 

tabooed ; there were no set speeches; everyone forgot 

their business cares and worries for the dav, and it 

did them a lot of good. They just laid aside their 

overalls and tools and made a picnic day of it, as only 

Long Island people of a warm-hearted turn of mind 

know how. Many old friends met each other for the 

first time in months; many fine reminiscences were 

swapped; and many hints helpful to one another were 

gleaned from the rubbing of minds and exchange of 

ideas. 

Withal, it was a simple outing, exceedingly well 

planned and carried out, but splendidly successful, 

nevertheless, in every-way. In fact, it is hard to see 

how such an affair could have been improved on. 

Wisconsin Plumbers' Examinations 

The plumbers of Wisconsin are receiving the following 

letter under date of July 27 from State Health 

Officer C. A. Harper, Madison, Wis., in reference to 

examinations: 

This is to notify you to appear for examination at 8 a. m. 

on August 5, at either Janesville, Milwaukee or Superior. 

The examination at Janesville will be held in the High 

School, which is one block south of the Grand Hotel. 

The examination at Milwaukee will be held at the School 

of Trades, Plumbing Department, 331 Virginia Street. 

The examination at Superior will be held at the Blaine 

School, Fourteenth Street and Hughitt Avenue. 

Do not fail to advise this board by return mail, using the 

enclosed postal, in whieh city you will appear for examination, 

or if for any valid reason you are unable to come. 

It is necessary that those now' holding temporary permits 

bring these with them, as the permits are collected before 

the examination begins. 

All candidates, both master and journeymen, MUST provide 

themselves with plumber's furnace, solder pot, wiping 

solder and the necessary tools for preparing and wiping 

joints and tools for bending 1%-in. lead pipe. Gasoline, 

lead pipe, brass ferrules, paper, pencils, rules and erasers 

will be furnished by the board, but nothing else. 

We suggest a very careful study of the provisions of the 

State Plumbing Code, as familiarity with the same will be 

of great help to you in the examination. 

Kindly bring this letter with you as your notice to appear 

for examination. 

St. Louis Plumbers Step Out 

Master plumbers in St. Louis have been notified to 

have no dates for Aug. 1_, when the association will 

have its outing. Normandy Grove is the place and 

S. A. Kiernan, chairman of the entertainment committee, 

is hard at work planning a good time for all.

AUCUST 6, 1920 METALWORKER, PLUMBERANDSTEAMFITTER 191 

News of the 


Pig Iron Association Expects to See 

Higher Prices 

The consensus of opinion at the annual mid-summer 

meeting of the American Pig Iron Association in July, 

in Youngstown, Ohio, was that the price of pig iron 

is likely to go higher, rather than to recede. This is 

attributed to the high price of coke, the impending 

freight rate advance and sustained heavy demand for 

iron. It is cited that a ton of blast furnace coke is 

now selling in the spot market for more than a ton 

of iron brought several years ago. It requires fully 

a ton of coke to produce a ton of pig iron. 

This was the first gathering of the association ever 

held in Youngstown, and was a tribute to its chairman 

and first president, Joseph G. Butler, Jr., veteran 

manufacturer of the Mahoning Valley. The organization 

has about 100 merchant pig iron producers 

in its membership. It is the successor of the Bessemer 

Pig Iron Association. Mr. Butler was identified 

with both organizations for a period of 40 years. 

He was president of the Bessemer Pig Iron Association 

at the time it went out of existence and has 

been chairman of the American Pig Iron Association 

for 20 years. 

Members were guests of the A. M. Byers Co., 

Pittsburgh, at the Youngstown gatherings. Following 

luncheon and business sessions at the Youngstown 

Country Club, members enjoyed golf. 

Those attending were Joseph G. Butler, chairman; 

T. W. Friend, president of the Clinton Iron & Steel 

Co.; Pittsburgh, president; John A. Penton, Cleveland, 

secretary; S. K. Hine, L. M. Johnson and 

Thomas Pritchard, representing the A. M. Byers Co.; 

Fayette Brown, Stewart Iron Co., Ltd., Cleveland; 

Stanley Meacham, Rogers, Brown Co., Cincinnati; 

C. B. Ferree, E. W. Mudge & Co., Pittsburgh; David 

D. Croxton, Otis Steel Co., Cleveland; Harwood Wilson, 

Rogers, Brown Co., Buffalo; R. S. Fox, Cleveland-Cliffs 

Iron Co., Cleveland; W. B. Topping, Republic 

Iron & Steel Co., Youngstown; W. F. Gruss 

and Jay McLauchlan, Pickands, Mather & Co., Cleveland; 

Seymour Wheeler and Leslie Wheeler, Pickands, 

Brown & Co., Chicago; B. S. Stephenson, M. A. Hanna 

& Co.; W. A. Thomas, Brier Hill Steel Co., 

Youngstown, and C. H. Emerick, Punxsutawney, Pa. 

Chicago Plumbers' Outing Plans 

August 12 is the day when the master plumbers of 

Chicago will set sail on the steamship Florida for an 

all-day outing. The boat will leave at 9.45 and the 

fun will begin at once. On arrival at Michigan City 

games, athletics and swimming will be in order. E. 

C. Wagner is developing an entertainment program 

and has for his assistants Frank Dillenbury, Robert 

Murphy, Chas. A. Drier, George Kearney, L. Nelson, 

Paul Jacoby, William Gaura, L. Christiansen, A. W. 

Bahn, Fred Groesch, William Arnold, Robert Hilton, 

W. Blyth, Peter Feltman, C. W. Alcock, F. Seip, C. 

D. Harris, D. J. Berry, F. E. Pearson, J. J. Cahill, 

George Schey and George Leabody 

It is expected that the party will return to Chicago 

by 7.00 p. m. 

Seattle Chapter Engineers 

Members of Heating Engineers' Society of Western 

Coast Urged to Organize 

There are a number of members of The American 

Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers on the 

Pacific Coast and those who are in Seattle at the 

present time include some who have been niembers of 

some of the Eastern chapters. These men feel the 

desirability of meeting with their fellows for discussing 

matters of common interest. 

Some who have gone from the east recently have 

carried the cordial urge to induce the men in Seattle 

to form a chapter of the society at that point. The 

report is that some of the best and most advanced 

work in the heating and ventilating line that is being 

done in the LTnited States is in that territory and that 

the men can well afford to discuss their work and give 

such description of it as will make most interesting 

papers for the annual meeting of the Society. 

Spirit of Labor Improves 

The following are some of the responses to the Industrial 

Bureau of the Merchants' Association of New 

York City to inquiry about the general situation in 

reference to production: 

"We have noticed a decided improvement in the 

frame of mind of our labor in the past few weeks. 

Exactly how this will develop we cannot state at the 

moment." 

"I believe I can sense a sentiment among the men 

which I am in hopes will lead to a greater production." 

"Our works superintendents have the feeling that 

there is a better spirit of loyalty and attention to 

work in our plants at the present time than existed 

some months ago. At one of the works the superintendent 

reports that the improvement is noticeable. 

We have not, however, figured any improvement in 

output in per cent., but we are inclined to hope our 

works employees are beginning to feel less restless 

and more disposed to look upon regularity of work 

and reasonable efficiency as something which should 

have their consideration." 

"We have not got available figures at hand on the 

subject, but estimate that labor is about 75 per cent. 

efficient at the present time, with conditions gradually 

improving." 

Nu-Dura-Tin Rattlings 

A roofer in old Manayunk 

Said this talk of good tin is all bunk! 

An owner came in, 

Wanted "Nu-Dura-Tin"; 

And left in one h—1 of a funk ! 

R. M. & H. E. Bulletin.

192 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCUST 6. 1920 




W. E. MANNING, general sales manager of the 

Youngtown Sheet & Tube Co., has been elected 

president of the board of trustees governing the 

Y. M. C. A. at Youngstown, Ohio. 

IN POINTING OUT ONE of the ways in whicli natural 

R. C. TRIG, formerlv with the Berger Mfg. Co., Can gas which is failing in the Kansas district, is wastton, 

Ohio, has associated himself with the National ed tlie Empire Gas & Fuel Pipeline Co., Ottawa, 

Pressed Steel Co., Massillon, Ohio, as chief engi Kan., calls attention to a method of heating the 

neer of the sales promotion department. He has water for a bath in an enameled iron tub. On the 

been intimately associated with the development of tile floor of a bathroom under the tub is placed a 

steel lumber sections since they were first intro %-in. pipe perforated so that the flame plays on 

duced to the building industry in 1905. 

tlie bottom of the tub. It was only necessary to 

run water in the tub, there being no hot water 

CHARLES T. BYRNE, past-secretary of the National Association 

of Master Plumbers, 25 East Jackson 

faucet, and to start the gas burner going and in due 

season the water in the tub would be warm enough 

Boulevard, Chicago, 111., in a letter states: "I am 

getting ready for a trip to Europe and leave Chi 

for the bath. The pipe was not placed close enough 

cago August 2 and sail from New York August 5." 

to the tub so that the heat would be most effective 

Bon voyage Mr. Byrne. 

and certainly was a very wasteful way of warming 

the water for the bath. 


COLEMAN SANITARY SPECIALTIES for homes, hotels, 

hospitals and other large buildings are shown and 

explained in a new catalog in colors issued by 

Allan J. Coleman, 208 North Wabash Avenue, 

Chicago, 111. Pumps for removing obstructions 

in plumbing fixtures, closet cleaners of flexible coil 

wire, sewer augers and rods, Coleman's chemical 

compound pipe opener, brushes of various shapes, 

window cleaners, tank and fuller balls, gaskets, 

washers and tank balls are fully covered. Six reasons 

are given why Coleman specialties please. 

the last of which being "there is quality in all and 

a profit in all for you." The company invites investigation 

of its lines. 

Tin: MILWAUKEE CIRCULATING PUMP CO., Milwaukee. 

Wis., has been incorporated at $100,000 to manufacture 

and deal in circulating water and oil pumps 

and other similar equipment. The prime mover in 

the enterprise is Gothard G. Hein, 5511/0 Wentworth 

Avenue. 

THE WALKER & PRATT CO., 33 Union Street, Boston, 

Mass, manufacturer of boilers for liouse heating, 

stoves, etc., with plant at Watertown, Mass., is 

having plans prepared for a one-story foundry at 

tin- Watertown works, 200 x 230 ft. Lockwood, 

Greene & Co., 60 Federal Street, are architects and 

engineers. 

THE MAISANO AUTOMATIC FLUSHING VALVE & NOVEL 

TY Co., Wilmington, Del., has been incorporated at 

•+100.000 by Ignatius Maisano, Guy and Frederick 

Piunto, all of Wilmington, to manufacture valves 

.ind other metal products. 

THE NATIONAL CHEMICAL CO. will erect a plant in 

San Antonio, Tex., for the manufacture of sanitary 

and chemical appliances. F. M. Robinson, Jr., manager 

of the company, has charge of the project. 

THE LIBBY WELDING CO., 113 Frelinghuysen Avenue, 

Newark, N. J., has been incorporated at $50,000 by 

Clifford S. Libby, Louis K. Schwarz and Frank 

P. Russell, to manufacture welding equipment and 

other mechanical apparatus. 

THE HOPPES MFG. CO., Springfield, Ohio, manufacturer 

of heaters and steam specialties, is contemplating 

the erection of an extension. 

FOR THE HEATING AND PLUMBING TRADE handling 

power plant and large building installations the 

three booklets issued by the Wright-Austin Co., 

Detroit, Mich., dealing with its steam and air traps, 

oil and steam separators, strainers, safety alarms, 

boiler water columns, Murray automatic boiler feed 

regulators and Murray automatic pump governors, 

should have more than passing interest since the 

principle and construction of these products is described 

in detail. 

New Boiler Heater Manufacturing Plant 

The new modern plant of the Bastian-Morley Co., 

at Hampton Street and Hillingdon Avenue, Toronto, 

Canada, is fast nearing completion. The machinery 

is now being set in place and heavy production is expected 

within the next few weeks/ and thorough distribution 

connection throughout the Dominion is rapidly 

being organized. 

Tliis new establishment is to be executively manned 

by L. A. Havesly, Laporte, Ind., office manager; R. 

Ernest Young, Toronto, sales manager; J. M. Godfrey 

and Brigadier-General Gunn, directors. F. W. 

Birtch, engineer in charge of experimental work at 

tlie company's main plant at Laporte, Ind., is superintending 

the installation of the equipment and 

O. A. Ludlow, secretary and treasurer "of the parent 

company, is also on the job looking after the details 

of the new organization. 

This new plant will be one of the most modern and 

complete in Canada and a full line of combination 

range boilers and gas water heaters, including the 

B-M Superior, Marvel and Royal Automatic will be 

manufactured for the Canadian trade.


SHEET METAL AND FURNACE IN 

DUSTRY 

THE W. B. BERTELS & SON CO., 421 North Pennsylvania 

Avenue, Wilkes-Barre, Pa., manufacturer 

of tin specialties, stamped wares, etc., has awarded 

a contract to Herman Mallander, 167 Barney 

Street, for a two-story plant addition, 70 x 75 ft., 

to cost about $25,000." 

THE NATIONAL ENAMELING & STAMPING, 1901 Light 

Street, Baltimore, Md., will build a three-story 

plant addition. William H. Matthai is manager. 

THE H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE Co., manufacturer of 

roofings, packings, electrical goods, insulating materials, 

etc., Milwaukee, has commenced the construction 

of the first unit of a plant at Waukegan, 

111., comprising five buildings, each 250 x 1,000 ft., 

to be followed by a unit of the same proportions. 

THE KEYSTONE SHEET METAL WORKS, INC., Newark, 

N. J., have been incorporated at $10,000 by Samuel 

Kibbel and Paul Kalin to manufacture sheet 

metal specialties of various kinds. 

THE APOLLO STEEL Co.. Apollo, Pa., is planning for 

the early occupancy of the new addition now in 

course of construction, consisting of three one-story 

structures, 185 x 350 ft., to be used in general steel 

working; 78x412 ft., to be equipped for annealing, 

and 44 x 74 ft., to be used for general works 

service. The additions, with machinery, are esti 

mated to cost about $1,000,000. 

THE E. W. BLISS CO., Brooklyn, N. Y., manufacturer 

of presses, dies, sheet metal working machinery, 

etc., has closed negotiations for the purchase of substantially 

the entire plants and equipment of the 

Cleveland Machine & Mfg. Co., Cleveland, and the 

Buckeye Engine Co., Salem, Ohio. The first operates 

a plant on Hamilton Avenue for the manufacture 

of power presses and other similar machinery 

to that produced by the Bliss company; the Buckeye 

company specializes in the manufacture of steam 

and gas engines. It is proposed to issue 300,000 

shares of common stock without par value, as well 

as 30,000 shares of first preferred stock, par $50, 

and 40,000 shares of second preferred, same par 

value, with addition of certain special stock to allow 

for an additional fund of $500,000. This 

amount will be used for an immediate partial payment 

for the plans noted. James W. Lane is 

president. 

A NEW EDITION OF TIN, Sheet Iron and Copper Plate 

Worker is announced by Henry Cary Baird & Co., 

Inc., New York City. It consists of 334 pages with 

207 figures and illustrations and includes a wellarranged 

index. The price of the book is $3 per 

copy. It is stated that the work is thoroughly revised. 

The contents are divided under the heads 

of: Rules for Describing Patterns, Practical Geometry. 

Mensuration of Surfaces. Tables of Weight, 

Practical Recipes, Lacquers, Varnishes, Cement, 

Alloys, Strength of Materials and a supplementary 

section of 50 pages dealing with more advanced 

pattern problems. 

THE HART & COOLEY CO., INC., New Britain, 

Conn., has gotten out a wall hanger, entitled, "Soaring 

Still Higher Above All Others," which very 

clearly illustrates its modern line of registers, ventilators 

and base plates. This should prove a very 

valuable selling aid to sheet metal and furnacemen 

and can be had upon request. 

New Maker of New Skylights 

The sheet metal trade are receiving the following 

announcement from the Bologh Skylight & Gravity 

Ventilator Corp., 494 Hudson Street, New York City, 

signed by President Bologh, who is the inventor and 

patentee of the skylight shown in METAL WORKER, 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER of April 23, 1920: 

This corporation is engaged in the manufacture and 

erection of skylights, especially appropriate for installation 

over theatre stages, and is'the only authorized body to 

manufacture the Bologh skylight, Philip Bologh, patentee. 

As you are frequently invited to submit bids upon 

theatre stage skylights, we consider it would be to our 

mutual advantage if you would permit us to co-operate 

with you in all such instances, because we make the only 

skylight that measures up fully to the requirements of the 

various insurance and city departments having jurisdiction 

over their construction and erection, and our skylight has 

tbeir approval. Furthermore, we are in no way competing 

witb the trade in any of its branches outside of the skylight 

field, and positively guarantee protection to the trade. 

Wc would be pleased to consult with you on any plans 

you may have, or you may be called to figure on in the futo 

the end that your bid may prove attractive. 

We desire to emphasize the fact that we guarantee trade 

protection and are not to be considered competitors in the 

roofing and sheet metal trade. 

Is It In The Estimate 


methods, as they usually spell loss if not disaster. A 

certain amount of work done per day with a crew 

operating at a certain expense per day never means 

that the division of that daily cost by that daily output 

is the unit cost of the item in question. Tliere are 

delays and other things which so affect this price 

tliat it may be over 100 per cent out from the actual 

cost when all tilings are taken into consideration. 

Good Service Receives Commendation 

Readers prefer the publications which they know 

have the attention of the successful men in their line 

and it is our purpose to give some of the letters which 

come in bearing evidence that our publication is 

worthy of the support of the men in the field. The 

following letter is pertinent: 

W. H. MOORE 

Contracting and Engineering, 

Plunibing, Heating, Metal Work, Tiling, 

268 West Ridgewood Avenue, 

Ridgewood, X. J. 

July 28, 1920. 



Xew York City. 

Gentlemen: 

With reference to your letter of July 26, I will be pleased 

to give you my experience and observation in regard to 

progressive plumbers and other matters just as soon as the 

present volume of business decreases to such an extent that 

I will be enabled to devote a portion of my time to same. 

1 appreciate tin- work that METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

STEAM FITTER has been doing for the craft at large and it 

will be as little as anyone could do to aid you in every way 

possible. 

Yours verv truly. 

(Signed) W. H. MOORE.

194 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER ALICUST 6, 1920 

The Origin of the Semi-Centenarian 

Josiah Bacon started in the iron and steel business 

on Fulton Street, Boston, Mass., in 1869. In 1870 

John G. Brown, who was traveling for Gay Manson 

& Co., became associated with him. They continued 

business for about 7 years when Mr. Brown bought 

out Mr. Bacon and continued the business alone for a 

short time, after which Manley McClure, who was 

in the iron and steel business, became associated with 

Mr. Brown under the firm name of Brown, McClure 

& Co. 

This partnership continued in business until 1890 

when William Q. Wales, who was in the sheet metal 

business, became associated with Brown, McClure & 

Co., under the firm name of Brown, McClure & Wales, 

and continued business for about 2 years when Mr. 

McClure was forced to retire on account of poor 

health, after wliich the name was changed to Brown 

& Wales. This partnership continued until 1903 at 

whicli time they incorporated under the name of 

Brown-Wales Co. In 1908 John G. Brown, who was 

then president of the firm of Brown-Wales Co., 

passed away. Since that time the business has been 

conducted under practically the same management. 

The present officers are: President, William Q. 

Wales; assistant treasurer. Quincv W. Wales; secretary, 

William H. Shurtleff. 



occupants of the home and there undoubtedly is going 

to be a great world movement in this direction. There 

is no reason why we cannot have as healthful an atmosphere 

in the winter as on an ideal day in June 

if the proper warm air equipment is installed. Pure 

air with ventilation cannot be ignored if you do not 

expect to have vitiated air in the home and this will 

eliminate all plants from residence heating, including 

direct systems if they do not make provision to supply 

these essentials to longevity. 

Lnder separate cover you will receive a copy of a 

booklet, "The Science of House Heating," which explains 

fully the necessity of a much more modern 

method of lieating. 

In conclusion, we want to join you in a united 

effort for improved hygienic conditions which means 

better health and increased happiness in the home. 

Very truly yours, 

THE FARQUHAR FURNACE CO., 

R. B. Mon fort, 

Secretary and General Manager. 

Majestic Company Entertains Furnacemen 

T. E. B. Tells of Best Aid to Tradesmen 

Taking care of the neighbors who sell the Majestic 

line of furnaces, duplex registers, coal chutes and mail 

boxes was the pleasant occupation of the Majestic Co., 

Huntington, Ind., on Tuesday, when 90 dealers of the 

It is a pleasure to reiterate the statement that has 

city and adjacent territory were guests. The program 

often been made in these columns that the readers are 

included a trip tlirougli the plant and a list of enter 

leaders and the lenders are readers. Through the 

tainments with addresses on furnaces, installation, 

courtesy of H. E. Jones of the National Trade Ex 

pipeless and duplex register outfits and discussions in 

tension Bureau, Evansville. Ind., we are permitted to 

wliich all took part as tliere was knife and fork par 

present the following extract from a letter to one of 

ticipation which excluded none. Then there was a 

the plumbers who was receiving monthly assistance 

very important factor that cropped up and that was 

from the sales help service department: 

the establishment of friendly acquaintance among the 

Regarding your request that we send you more news from 

guests and a confidence that will soften competition 

this office, would say that we will be glad indeed to see 

that you get copies of everything that is sent out from here. 

and eliminate cut-price strife. 

Your remark about being in a small town and not getting Entertainment of this character gives the dealer an 

much news causes US to wonder if you are making the mis opportunity to become acquainted with the method of 

take of failing to subscribe for and read good trade papers. 

In our judgment a plumbing and heating contractor will 

manufacturing the goods he handles. 

find it hard to spend money more profitably than by paying 

out the small amount of money necessary to secure two W. L. Bronaugh Dies Suddenly 

or three good trade papers. Also we firmly believe that tlie 

time that the plumbing and heating contractor may spend 

W. L. Bronaugh, a prominent heating and venti 

in reading them and studying the business material that is lating engineer and well known in the sheet metal 

supplied to him in the trade paper is likely to prove the contracting circles, died suddenly in the Marshallmost 

profitably spent time that he uses in his business. Field Annex on July 26, aged 50 years. He had 

been suffering from stomach trouble and was said 

Appreciate Convention Courtesies to be on his way to see his physician when the fatal 

attack overtook him. 

At the Sanitarv and Efficiency Show in Pittsburgh, 

Mr. Bronaugh was active in association affairs, 

under the auspices of the National Association of 

being a member of the Chicago Athletic Association, 

Master Plumbers, METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

the Chicago Engineers' Club and the American So 

STEAM FITTER made a fine exhibit and devoted pages 

ciety of Heating and Ventilating Engineers. He 

of space to fostering and reporting it. In return it has 

received the following: 

served as secretary of the Illinois Chapter of the 

latter society. 

The officers and members of the Master Plumbers' Asso 

He is survived by his wife and a daughter. His 

ciation of Pittsburgh and vicinity extends thanks and appreciation 

for the hearty co-operation given by you in making 

funeral was held from his late residence, 2635 Prairie 

the Thirty-eighth Annual Convention and Exhibit in Pitts Avenue, Evanston, 111., Wednesday, July 28, and 

burgh a success. 

interment was made in Memorial Park.

AUGUST .. 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 195 

Bernard Gause Dead 

Bernard Gause died at his home in Jacksonville, 

111, on July 19 at the age of 50 years. He was prominent 

in association affairs, 

serving as president 

of the Illinois State 

Association of Master 

i'lumbers and being a 

member of the American 

Society of Heating and 

Ventilating Engineers. 

He was a man of genial 

personality imbued with 

the idea that those who 

profited from the teachings 

of older men should 

pass along the information 

to enable the 

younger to qualify for 

service to the world. 

He was a successful 

business man with executive 

ability and completed 

considerable plumbing 

and heating work in 

many of the public build- 

, , ings in the state of II- 

,i/;;/ tjause . ° . 

'nois. 

' : '-'cp his last illness was very brief many friends in 

the trade will be shocked to learn of his death. 

Nickel Plating Rolled Zinc 


positing nickel electrolytically the same difficulty is 

experienced at low current densities. By raising the 

current density, however, a rate of deposition can be 

found at which the deposit will adhere to the metal. 

This is true of even a plain nickel sulphate solution, 

but if only nickel sulphate is used the deposit will not 

be of good color. In order to obtain a good color 

boric acid is added, and solutions containing only tliese 

two constituents give very good results in actual practice. 

For example, for plating on zinc one manufacturer 

uses a solution containing 12 oz. of single nickel 

sulphate and 3 oz. of boric acid per gallon. 

Such a solution has rather narrow working limits 

and, in the case of articles having deep recesses 

streaky deposits might result. This can be overcome 

to a large extent by the addition of sodium citrate, 

and increasing the concentration of the nickel salt in 

the solution will also be an advantage. The use of a 

small amount of nickel chloride is also advisable to 

insure good anode corrosion. 

For general use in directly nickel-plating zinc articles 

the following solution will give excellent results: 

Xickel sulphate _ _ 32 oz. 

Xickel chloride 2 oz. 

Boric acid _ 4 oz. 

Sodium citrate _ 22 oz. 

Water _ 1 gal. 

This solution may be operated at very high current 

densities and thus aid in speeding up production. For 

general purposes a current density of between 10 and 

30 amperes per square foot will be found all right. 



Black and Galvanized Sheets—Demand still ahead of 

supply. 

Tin Plate—Spot tonnage continues scarce. 

Tin—Dull and disinteresting. 

Copper—Quiet and prices firm. 

Lear—Recent good demand gone. 

Zinc—Light demand for prompt. 

Antimony—Inactive. 

Foundry Coke—Spot scarce. Production and shipment 

improved. 

Linseed Oil—Depressed and prices lower. 

There have been advances in boilers and radiators 

and an advance in stoves and furnaces is expected 

before the fall gets old. In all lines scarcity of product 

and delayed shipments are noted with buyers making 

no cancellations but rather taking in stock when they 

can get it. 


Xew Yoi-k.—A large interest in Xew Jersey is in the 

market for about 13,000 tons of foundry iron for the first 

Spirits of Turpentine—Prices higher. Stocks unincreased. half of 1921. In general very little is being done about next 

year's iron. Furnacemen want to see what the freight ad 

Transportation and Freight Advance vances actually add to their costs. What immediately con 

Influences 

cerns nearly all foundrymen is getting hold of iron they 

have bought for this year. There are considerable furnace 

#j[ Whatever the line of industry, fuel and freight stocks, particularly in the Buffalo district—all sold, but 

Tji control. Buyers are not exacting as to prices but impossible of delivery except in relatively scant amounts. 

want the goods. Foundry coke at $18 to $20 and pig Predictions of higher prices later in the year are still made 

iron at $_6 strong gives little hope of price concession by furnacemen, all based on the fact of small stocks at 

foundries, the very small fraction of estimated make of iron 

on goods made with' present labor cost and skill. 

in tbe remainder of the year that is now unsold, the high 

Plants cannot run full nor can shipment of product 

price of coke, and the higher costs that will be due to freight 

be made. The advance in freight rates conceded by the increases. Nevertheless, some Northern iron has been of 

Government cannot bring in the money for needed fered for 1921 at present prices. One factor which is hard 

new equipment for railroads in time to afford relief to gage is the relation between the iron under contract for 

now and conditions must be met by other means and thisXear and the amount of iron foundries will need to take 

by reduced business all along the line. Tin plate is them through the year. 

We auote for delivery in the New York district as follows: 

at the mills but carriers are hunting spot stock where East Pa., No. 1 fdv., sil. 275 to 3.25 $51.80 to $52.80 

it can be found at sellers' prices. 

East' Pa N'o. 2X fdv.. sil. 2.25 to 2.75 50.05 to 51.05 

East! Pa. No. 2 fdy.', sil. 1.75 to 2.25 48.80 to 49.30 

No. 2X, Virginia sil. 2.25 to 2.75 59.40 to 51.40


Chicago.—A sale of 1,200 tons of foundry for first half 

delivery has been made at $42 base, Birmingham. While a 

few Southern furnaces are quoting higher than $42 on that 

delivery, the principal factors in this market are adhering 

to the old prices. A fair sized tonnage of Northern foundry 

for first half shipment has been contracted for at $46 base 

furnace, although the leading furnaces are not anxious to 

book business so far ahead. There has been little improvement 

in by-product coke production in this district and beehive 

coke is still difficult to obtain. 


yards except those for Northern foundry, and steel-making irons, 

which are f. o. b. furnace and do not include a switching charge 

averaging 50c per ton. 

Northern coke. No. 1, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 last half $48.25 

Northern coke. No. 1 spot 48.25 

Northern coke foundry. No. 2 sil. 1.75 to 2.25 last half 46 00 


Northern high phos., last half 45.00 

Southern coke, No. 1 foundry and No. 1 soft, sil. 2.75 

to 3.25 50.20 

Southern coke No 2 foundrv, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 48.70 


Philadelphia.—The scarcity of prompt iron is more 

marked than ever, particularly of 2.25 to 2.75 silicon iron, 

because of the difficulty in securing good coke for making 

the higher silicon grades. Sellers do not know where they 

can secure even single carloads direct from furnaces. The 

only spot sales are of resale material. Only two producers 

have sold for 1921—the leading Virginia company which 

has disposed of several thousand tons and a Buffalo furnace. 

Most are wary of quoting for this period because 

of the uncertain future. Tlie new freight rates will increase 

the cost of making pig iron $1.85 to $5 a ton, it has been 

variously estimated by furnace representatives, due to the 

increased costs of hauling raw materials to the furnaces. 


yards in Philadelphia or vicinity: 

East. Pa. No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil $47.90 to $50 10 

East. Pa., No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 49.15 to 51.35 

Virginia No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.75 sil 49.10 to 50.10 

Virginia No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2 75 sil 50.35 to 51.35 

Cincinnati.—Inquiries for prompt iron have fallen off 

to some extent though some sales for early shipment are 

noted. Much of the interest shown in the market is from 

consumers who feel that this is as good a time as any to 

cover for future requirements and the bulk of the sales are 

being made for last and first quarters. Announcement that 

the Interstate Commerce Commission had granted the request 

of the railroads for increased rates was received with 

interest. One interest in close touch with a Southern furnace 

estimates that it will add anywhere from $2 to $5 a 

ton to the cost. The new schedules will mean that the freight 

rates from Birmingham to Cincinnati will be increased by 

90c. a ton and from Ironton to Cincinnati by 72c. a ton. 

Based on freight rates of $3.60 from Birmingham and $1.80 from 

Ironton. quote f. o. b. Cincinnati: 

Southern coke, sil. 175 to 2.25 (base price) $45.60 

Southern cnke, sil. 2.25 tn 2.75 (No. 2 soft) 46.S5 

Southern Ohio coke. sil. 1.75 to 2 25 (Xo. 2) 46.8(1 

Cleveland.— Only one local interest has taken any pigiron 

contracts for next year. There is a limited amount of 

activity in foundry iron for this year. Two sellers have 

advanced their price on foundry grades for this year to $46 

for shipment from a Lake and Valley furnace and from 

Erie and Detroit. Furnace companies were able to ship 

about as much iron as they made in July, but shipments 

were very unevenly distributed because of the railroad 

situation. 

We quote delivered Cleveland as follows, based on 40c switching 

charge for local iron, a $1.40 freight rate from Valley points, and 

$5 from Birmingham: 

Northern, Xo. 2 fdv., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 $45.40 

Southern foundry, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 48 70 


Old Materials 

Scrap Iron, Xew Vork.— Prices have taken a rise on 

several items, there being demand both from the Pittsburgh 

district and export, one influence bidding against the 

other. Stove plate and cast scrap have taken the most 

marked price advance. Scrap dealers are complaining about 

the situation caused by the embargoes against the use of 

hopper cars for scrap, which will not be lifted until Aug. 

21, with an increase in freight 10 days later. 

Prices with dealers in New York and Brooklyn are quoting to 

local foundries per gross ton: 



etc.) cupola size 39.00 to 40.00 

X T o. 1 heavy cast, not cupola size 32.00 to 33.00 

No. 2 cast(radiators, cast boilers, etc.) 29.00 to 30.00 

Iron and steel pipe (1 in. in diam., not under 

2 ft. long) 18.50 to 19.00 


Scrap Iron, Chicago.—The coal strike dampened market 

activity the latter part of last week, but interest has 

since revived. The prices are firmer, although there have 

heen few advances. Rolling mill grades are dull owing to 

the suspension of operation by one bar iron mill and expected 

curtailment by others. Transportation conditions are 

steadily improving. 

We quote delivery in consumers' yards. Chicago and vicinity, 


Per Net Ton 

No. 1 cast 36.00 to 37.00 







Brake shoes 25 50 to 26.00 




Scrap Iron, Pittsburgh.—The market still exhibits a 

very strong tone, partly because of the increased interest 

of a number of melters in the market, but chiefly because 

of the increased reluctance of dealers to take on orders 

delivery of which cannot be made before Sept. 1, except at 

prices which cover the higher freight charges. The market 

bas moved up quite sharply on machine shop turnings, at 

prices ranging from $13.50 to $15. This grade is not obtainable 

now in quantity at much below $15. Cast iron borings 

is noted at $19, delivered, and $35 has been done on a 

round tonnage of heavy breakable cast. Shipping conditions 

in this district are unimproved and permits issued by tbe 

Pennsylvania Railroad are for only limited periods. 

We quote for delivery to consumers' mills in the Pittsburgh and 

other districts that take Pittsburgh freight rates as follows: 


Rolled steel wheels 29 00 to 30.00 




Short shoveling turnings 18.50 to 19.00 


Sove plate 31.50 to 32.00 


Xo. 1 railroad wrought 31.00 to 32.00 

Old Metals, Xew York—The week has been a slow 

one, dealers recording business light. Prices are easing off 

a little with the exception of lead, which remains firm. 


Copper, heavy and crucible $15 75 

Copper, heavy and wire 15.00 

Copper, light and bottoms 13*00 

Brass, heavy IQ 00 

Brass, ligbt 750 

LT„.,,-V machine composition 15.25 


Xo. 1 red brass or composition turnings 12.25 

Lead, heavy 7 50 

Lead tea [[ s!oO 

Zinc s.25 

Old Metals, Chicago.—Market quiet and prices un- 

> hanged. Dealers' buying prices for less than carload lots 

a re: 

Red brass ' 13.50 

Yellow brass, heavy 9,00 

Vellow brass, borings 10.00 






Tea lead 3.00 



Zmc 4.00 

Pewter, No. 1 25.00

_ 

1 

1 

EVEREADY 


Formerly &/jgA{-QJl[(> Apparatus 

Built by Oxweld—On Sale Everywhere 

AN extremely efficient, economical and easily portable 

JLAL. welding and cutting outfit,—inexpensive and simple, 

yet sturdy. 

Only apparatus of its kind that can be readily dismantled 

and reassembled in the field—all joints ground to precision, all 

parts interchangeable. 

Designed for use with compressed acetylene in cylinders— 

a proved tool, years in service in metal-working trades, improved 

and refined by the world's foremost manufacturers of 

oxy-acetylene welding and cutting apparatus. 

Full line of apparatus and supplies. Use coupon to obtain 

your copy of New Eveready Catalog and name and address 

of distributor in your locality. 



3644 Jasper Place Chicago, 111. 

World's Largest Makers of Oxy-Acetylene 

Welding and Cutting Outfits 

A 


Evereadv Apparatus Department 

3644 Jasper Place. Chicago. III. 

Please mail me Free of Charge your New Eveready 

Catalog and address of your distributor in my locality. 

Name 

P. O. Address 

Please quote METAL WOUKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER when writing to advertisers

198 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCUST 6, 1920 

Old Rubber.— Xo demand apparent Prices hold. 


Boots and shoes 6 to 6J4 

Trimmed artics 4^4 to 5 


Bicycle tires lj-a to 1 .4 

Solid tires 2 to 2J_ 

No. 1. inner tubes 

Mixed white scrap 

U]72 to 12J_ 

4 to . *>_ 

Mixed red scrap 3 r _ to 4 

Mixed black scrap l_i to 2 

Lead.—Former good demand has disappeared and only 

a small supply is available. 

Zinc.— Demand is very light and confined to prompt and 

early delivery. Producers are not looking for future delivery 

claiming there is no profit at the present levels. 

Antimony.— Inactivity predominates this market. 

Cotton fire hose 

3 A to IA 

Garden hose 3 Tin Plate, Pittsburgh.—Shortage of box cars is an ex 

A to 1 tremely restrictive factor. Some of the big can makers, who 

Old Rags.— Dullness predominates the market, with are not getting shipments against contracts, are canvassing 

prices unchanged. Wholesale dealers' prices are: the market for spot tonnages and finding little available 

No. 1 whites $11.00 to $11.50 

except stock items for which they are paying independent 

No. 2 whites 5.75 to 6.00 makers from $9 to $10 per base box, Pittsburgh. Tin plate 

Thirds and blues 

Straight garments 

Hard back carpets 

Soft back carpets 

3.50 to 3.75 

2.00 to 2.10 

1.90 to 2.00 

4.25 to 4.50 

operations are on a relatively high rate but the independent 

mills are more fully engaged than are those of the American 

Sheet & tin Plate Co., which is having difficulty in securing 

Paper Stock.— Demand good and prices steady with up 

supplies of steel. The Western plants of the company are 

ward tendency. Wholesale dealers' liuying quotations for doing fairly well in the matter of shipments, as the Western 

New York are: 

roads are permitting the loading of box cars in the direction 



of the grain-producing areas, a privilege which is being 

denied by the Eastern roads. Hundreds of empty'cars daily 

are passing through Pittsburgh on their way West. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh.— Operations of the mills of the 


American Sheet & Tin Plate Co. the past week have been 

considerably less than 50 per cent, of capacity, due to the 

fact that on account of the railroad congestion the company 

Black and Galvanized Sheets.—Back orders still use has had much trouble in securing sheet bars from its regular 

up receipts as fast as they come in. New demands are not sources. As a result of this condition and in an effort to 

as strong as formerly. 

maintain mill organizations, the company again has opened 

Tin Plate.—Prompt delivery is still in demand but car its books for conversion business and in the past week or 

shortage has greatly delayed shipment. 

ten days have taken about 20,000 tons of this character. Not 

a little of this tonnage has been placed by automobile com 

Copper.—Sellers are not pressing forward delivery 

panies,be 

and this development has tendered to relieve the 

cause of expected higher prices in the fall due to freight 

fear which recently existed about the conditions in that 

advances. 

industry. Independent sheet makers seem to be getting 

Tin.—Thc market is dull almost to stagnation, consumers ample supplies of sheet bars and for that reason have been 

being still uninterested and only liglit offerings of the metal averaging higher than 70 per cent, operations in the past 

noted. 

month. Shortages of cars, however, is restricting shipments 

by all makers. It is just as hard and quite as costly as it 

has been any time recently to place early shipment business. 

sms. mW' ! - -"-A* 

Ltai_______.-c%V . -BB 

KHHa 

^^^>!___fci_______r 

^L_* ; ^__H_i 

\ W 

BURT VENTILATORS 

Plenty of Light and Fresh Air 

r 1 .HEIR unusually large capacity, scientific de- 

J_ sign and generous proportions assure a constant 

flow of clean air to replace the vitiated 

atmosphere they carry away. 

The Burt Glass Top feature provides a clear, 

well-diffused light which means increased comfort 

and economy. 

Burt Ventilators embody many other exclusive 

sales points. They enable you to convince the 

most skeptical customer. 

turther information means money in your pocket. 

Write for it today. 



GEO. W. REED & CO.. Montreal 

Sole Manufacturers of Burt Ventilators for Canada. 

Please quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER wl


Notes and Prices 

linseed Oil Market suffered a setback this week and 

further reductions expected. In lots of 5 bbl. and over, city 

raw American seed is quoted at ,1.36 to $1.58, and out-oftown 

raw American seed is quoted at $1.36 to $1.58. In lots 

of less than 5 bbl. 3c more per gallon is asked. Boiled oil 

brings 2c more per gallon than raw oil. 

Spirits of Turpentine.— Demand continues with prices 

higher. In machine barrels in yard, the wholesale price is 

quoted at $1.70 per gallon. 

Rosin,— Dealers report a heavy demand for medium 

grades, with indications of further price advances. On the 

basis of 280 lbs. to the barrel, the wholesale price of common-to-good 

strained is $12.50. Grade D is $16.00. 

Iron and Steel Pipe.—The supply situation continues 

quite acute, for while there has been some improvement in 

railroad operation, there has been no increase in the supply 

of railroad equipment, and this has seriously restricted the 

movement to and from the mills. The Xational Tube Co. 

is merely hobbling along at its National and Pennsylvania 

works, having less than 50 per cent, of its pipe furnaces in 

operation at the former plant and only one out of six furnaces 

at the Pennsylvania works. The Ellwood City, Pa., 

and Wheeling, Ohio, plants of this company also are more 

or less curtailed, but comparatively full operations are maintained 

at the Lorain, Ohio, works, where ample storage 

facilities exist. Independent pipe manufacturers are operating 

on the average of about 75 per cent, of their capacity, 

and are having only a fair measure of success in making 

shipments. Demands show no relaxation in any direction. 

The Ford Motor Co. has put out an inquiry for 10 to 12 

miles of 16-in. line pipe, presumably for piping gas. 

Foundry Coke.— Spot supplies of bee-hive oven coke remain 

extremelv scant, in spite of the fact that there has 

been some improvement in the car placements in the Connellsville 

region, which has been attended by an increase in 

production. Oven output remains wofully inadequate to 

meet the requirements of both those covered by contracts, 

who are getting shipments only in keeping with the car 

supply, and those without contracted supplies, who are 

anxious to keep in operation. We note a sale of 200 cars 

of furnace coke for shipment to a Buffalo melter at $18.7o 

per net ton, oven, while on smaller lots $19 is being done. 

Some business also is heard of at $18 in furnace fuel, but in 

general $18.50 measures the minimum. Foundry grade takes 

a range of from $19 to $20. 

Niagara Conoidal Fan Catalog 

Niagara conoidal fans, with the word Buffalo 

beneath, is embossed on the front cover of an 8V2 x 

11-in. catalog of 52 pages, issued by the Buffalo 

Forge Co., Buffalo, N. Y., to enable engineers and 

architects to select the fans required to meet any demand 

for ordinary heating and ventilation. Its text 

is illustrated with cuts and makes clear the method 

of taking in the air and forcing it forward in the 

construction that is offered under the name Conoidal. 

The fan wheel as displayed, is arranged with the 

blades attached to wheels smaller in diameter at one 

end than the other, and forming the frustrum of a 

cone so that when the air enters it must go forward 

and out, whether the fan is of the top, bottom or side 

discharge. The fans are arranged to be driven by 

engines, or direct connected motors. After the text 

has been read there are illustrations of the fans complete, 

parts, bearings, etc. With the diagrams giving 

the dimensions at different points and the capacity of 

the different styles and sizes, the reader has a comprehensive 

idea of the fans. 

Catalog No. 421 is especially a book of reference 

indispensable to the man who must give a large quanti- 


SATISFACTION 

300,000 

Vogel Frost-Proof 




Closets. 












part of closet when not 

in operation. 


your jobber. 


Wilmington 

Delaware 

ty of air, whether for connection with a duct system 

leading to many different rooms, or to a large room 

in which the air is distributed as in a garage or large 

meeting hall, or is kept in circulation. 

When New York's Transportation 

Facilities Were Blocked 


appropriate legal proceedings; and 

Whereas, In pursuance of said resolution a Citizens' 

Transportation Committee has been established and has 

found that the existing obstructions to transportation in 

this community now present an urgent occasion for action 

along the lines aforesaid: 

Now therefore the undersigned, each for himself or itself, 

in consideration of the subscriptions made by the other subscribers 

hereto, and in consideration of the undertaking of 

said Citizens' Transportation Committee to endeavor to 

carry out the purposes for which it has been created, does 

hereby agree to contribute to said committee the sum of 

money set opposite his or its name; the proceeds of such 

subscriptions to be expended by said committee for the 

purposes aforesaid without liability on the part of the said 

committee or any member thereof. 

Subscriptions shall be payable to the order of the Citizens' 

Transportation Committee in installments of not more 

than 10 per cent, each, at intervals of not less than thirty 

days each, as called for by the cominittee. 

Balance of subscription not called before July 1, 192A 

shall be deemed cancelled unless the subscribed extends it. 

Unused balance of funds in hands of the committee, when 

it terminates its work, shall be repaid to subscribers in 

proportion to their respective subscriptions.

















ALUMINUM- 

5 in 4.25 4.05 3.00 

NO. 1 aluminum guaranteed over 5'/2 in 4.90 4.50 3.50 

99% pure, in ingots for remelt 6 in 5.05 4.75 4.00 

ing, 100-lb. lots—37 to 39c. 7 in 6.50 7.50 

ANTIMONY— 



10c to 12c Plain Round and Corrugated- 



Base price Nominal Square- 

BISMUTH— 

Square 40% 


CONDUCTORS— 


Corrugated- 


Round or Square- 



Toncan or ingot 15% American Pig, per lb. ..10J_c to lie 

Copper 10% Bar, per Ib llj_c to 12c 


METAL LATH— 

Galvanized 20% Under 100 sq. yd. per sq. yd. 40c 



Galvanized On application Leads— 

(See also elbows and shoes; Lead, American White, in Oil, 

Eaves Trough Mitres; Strainers, kegs less than 500 lbs., 15}_c 

Conductor.) 



pails; add to keg price %c 



COPPER— 

lbs., 15c 

Lake ingot 21J_-22}_c Dry Colors- 



Per 100 lbs., 2 

COPPER SHEETS 




and over. 


advance. 




long 48 in. 

and to 

less 96.in. 



10 in. to 36 in. wide... 5c 6c 


Planished, iy2c per sq. ft. more 





long 

and Over 

less 96.in. 








Copper 10% 


Lap or Slip Joint, 10% alcove list. 


ELBOWS- 

NO. 1 No. 2 No. 3 

4 in $4.00 $3.90$ 2.75 

4V2 in 4.10 3.95 2.85 

! ROSIN- 


Common to good strained (whole private brands very according to 

sale), 280 lbs., per bbl $12.50 composition. 

SHEETS— 




Cents per lb. 1-lb. cans, each 60 

No. 10, per Ib 6.50-8.00 5-lb. cans, each 13.00 

No. 12, per lb 6.55-8.05 A. S. P. Fluid: 

No. 14, per lb 6.60-8.10 Gallon $1.25 

No. 16, per lb 6.70-8.20 12-gal. Carboy ...,90c per gallon 

Black— One Pass. C. R. (Jug and carboy extra) 

Soft Steel Callahan's Non-Corrosive, per 

No. 18 to 20, per lb 7.80- 9.80 gal $1.75 

No. 22 to 24, per lb 7.85- 9.85 SOLDERING COPPERS— 

No. 26, per lb 7.90- 9.90 Per lb. in 300-lb. lots 50c 

No. 27, per lb 7.95- 9.95 In 100 to 300-lb. lots advance 2c 

No. 28, per lb 8.00-10.00 per lb. 

No. 29, per lb 8.05-10.05 In lots of less than 100 lbs., ad 

No. 30, per lb 8.25-10.25 vance 4c per lb. 

No. 28 and lighter, 36 wide, STRAINERS, CONDUCTOR— 

10c higher 

2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 


Copper $2.80 $3.75 $5.75 $9.00 dz. 

20 gauge 11.10c 

Galv 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 dz. 

22 and 24 gauge 11.20c TIN PIGS AND BARS— 

26 gauge 11.30c Straits, pigs per lb 52c 

28 gauge 11.50c Straits, in bars, per lb—57c to 62c 

Galvanized— 


Cents per lb. Charcoal Plates—Bright— 

Nos. 12 and 14 9.10-11.10 N. B.—The price of 14 x 20 

/2 to 5c No. 16 9.25-11.25 "AAA" Charcoal Melyn Grade: 


Nos. 18 and 20 9.40-11.40 IC, 14x20 $16.50 

Brown, per ton $32.00 to $36.00 Nos. 22 and 24 9.25-11.55 IX, 14 x 20 18.75 

Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 No. 26 9.70-11.70 IXX, 14 x 20 20.50 

Oils- 

No. 27 9.85-11.85 IXXX, 14x20 22.25 

Linseed, City Raw ....$1.36 to $1.58 No. 28 10.00-12.00 IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 

Linseed, Boiled, advance, per No. 30 10.50-13.00 "A" Charcoal Allaways Grade: 

gal 2c No. 28 and lighter, 36 in. wide, IC, 14x20 $14.25 


20c higher IX, 14 x 20 16.25 

at $1.36 to $1.58 Corrugated Roofing—Galvanized— IXX, 14 x 20 18.00 


2._ in. corrugations, 30 per 100 lbs. IXXX, 14 x 20 19.75 

In Machine Bbl $1.70 over flat sheets. 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 21.50 

PUTTY— 

Corrugated Roofing—Painted- Coke Plates, Bright- 

Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c Prices quoted on application. Prime, 14 x 20 in.: 

In 1-lb to 5-lb. tins, 6.00 to 7.35c 25_-in. Corrugation 

80-lb $11.80 

REGISTERS— 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

90-lb 11.90 

Cast Iron 10% No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

100-lb 12.00 

Semi-Steel or Steel, in Black for No. 26, per 100 sq. ft. 

IC 13.25 

White Japan or Electro plate and No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

IX 13.25 

Small Faces and Borders 20% SLATE ROOFING— 

IXX 14.25 

Wall Frames 20% F. O. B. cars, Quarry Station. IXXX 15.25 



larger 40% 

According Terne Plate— 

Base Board Registers 20% Pennsylvania— to size Small lots, 8-lb. Coating: 

Base Board Intakes 20% Best Bangor $8.00 to $11.00 100-lb., 14 x 20 $9.35 

White Enameled Goods 5% No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9 00 IC. 14 x 20 9.50 

Solid Brass or Bronze Goods, ex Pen Argyl 7.75 to 8.25 IX, 14 x 20 10.50 

cept Grilles Net Peach Bottom 10.50 to 12.50 IC, 14 x 20 Stamped and Re 

Grilles in Black and White Japan No. 1 Chapman 7.75 to 8.75 squared: 

or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain Vermont— 


Lattice, Design. Smaller than No. 1 Sea Green $5.00 to $8.50 15-lb. Coating 11.75 

14 x 14 in., 


STORM-PROOF 

Prices on application Red 22.00 30-lb. Coating 13.50 


Maine- 


1-Ply Tarred Paper, per ton, Brownsville, Unfading Black, 

M. F. Grade 13.50 

$102.00 No. 1 $14.00 40-lb Coating 15.00 

per roll, 108 sq. ft. Slaters felt, 30-lb roll 2 00 WASTE COTTON— 

2-Ply Tarred Paper $1.60 is the 40-lb. Ventilator roll with 2.25 a constant Per lb. in 5-lb. bags 22c 

3-Ply Tarred Paper 2.00 SOLDER— 



'A STRONG, to y2 guaranteed STEADY 37y_c Western PULL Slabs. 10-llc 

Prices on application No-, 1 outward of impure 34'/2c air, Sheets etc. No. 9 base casks 14J_c 

Roofing Pitch, per ton $30.00 Kenned 3QC 

Open per lb 15c ROYALS VENTILATE FROM THE GROUND UP 

Patented 

THE ROYAL 

quickly removing all foul air, gases, etc., supplying instead Pure, 



The ROYAL is built for DURABILITY and HIGHEST efficiency. 





ROYAL 420 LOCUST VENTILATOR STE____T„ ;.'_.;...___• COMPANY 

'-,:•-•-'



FLORAL PARK, X. Y., Arc. 13, 1920. 





On the Job After Forty Years 

VO_CME 91, No. 7 

Veteran Warm-Air Furnace Tells How It Feels to Get into Service after 

a Long Rest in Hardware Man's Warehouse 

..CJAY, young man, you seem to be mighty interim 

ested?" 

"Yes, old-timer, I am. I have never seen any 

furnace just like you before. I heard a fellow talking 

about you last week, and came out to see you and get 

you to tell me something about yourself. 

"First, if you will look pleasant I'll take your 

picture, and then we can talk. 

ON THE JOB AFTER FORTY YEARS 

"All right!—That's fine! All finished; now let's 

go-" 

"You see I viewed the world from a warehouse 

for years and years, but I am a hale and hearty old 

chap and just as good as when I came out of the 

foundry. I was made by Beecher & Parker of Chicago, 

under patents of Aug. 27, 1861, and came out 

• By The-Man-Who-Watched 

to Aurora nearly 10 years ago, and have been in 

storage ever since. 

"Last winter, Mr. Tanner brought me downstairs 

and said, 'We're going to give you a chance now !' So 

I was shined up and put in here to heat the store. 

Believe me. I was glad to get into action, and from the 

pep I have shown I guess there's no kick coming. You 

see, my casing was partly removed, and this wire 

netting put around me so that the heat would radiate 

on all sides. 

"I was meant to be used with pipes, but on this 

job they just wanted me to warm the air. That cap 

effect that you see up there is new and is intended to 

keep the air down here where it is warmer. 

"As you see. my base is octagonal, and my fire-pot 

is cast iron and nearly 3 in. thick. I have flat grates 

and my radiator has ten 4-in. slieet metal tubes for 

the air to pass on its way to the bonnet. 

"The air supply enters at my back low down, and 

passes against the hot pot fire surfaces, then through 

the sheet metal tubes. 

"Now, if you will look into the fire-box you will 

see a sort oi pear-shaped casting, which everybody 

says is my most unique feature, and has been the 

cause of much comment by those who have seen me. 

This runs from directly over the cold air entrance, 

through the fire chamber and combustion chamber 

and discharges through the top drum head. It is 

intended to stimulate the flow of air and get a quicker 

circulation. 

"I burn both soft and hard coal, and have warmed 

this large store to Mr. Tanner's satisfaction during 

the severe weather of the past winter. 

"I am glad to be doing service, and feel fine. Come 

in and see me again." 

Furnacemen who have heard about this interesting 

old specimen have come to see it from many widely 

separated sections. Since it was brought from obscurity 

by H. R. Tanner, Aurora, 111., who has conducted 

ahardware business on the same spot for 54


Items Which Indicate Higher Levels 

Furnace and Stove Price Predictions 

In line with its record as the most reliable source of information 

in the stove and furnace field, METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER has secured the following forecast of conditions in the field, 

so that its readers who handle furnaces and cooking apparatus 

mav be guided in anticipating their requirements for the balance 

of the year, and advise the public accordingly. 

TRUE statement of facts as to the present and 

A future outlook in the furnace and stove trade 

will be of interest to all dealers and installers 

of this apparatus. Manufacturers are in hearty accord 

that no misleading hopes be entertained regarding 

price reductions, and are making special efforts 

to inform their customers concerning the outlook for 

the balance of 1920. This information is being given 

by mail as salesmen are now off the road. 

Furnaces and stoves are staple articles, and price 

advances have been moderate and infrequent as compared 

with other lines, such as clothing, fuel and 

food. Increases have followed and been in proportion 

to rising costs of production, and as there has been 

no profiteering prices, there are no unreasonable profit 

margins whicli can be eliminated. In view of the 

close ratio between production costs and current quotations, 

manufacturers generally are earning onlv a 

modest percentage on the capital invested. 

The reasons given for a forecast of prices higher 

than those existing* are based on the following: 

1. Production is below normal and will continue 

so for the balance of the year, with a demand 

greater than the present capacity. 

2. Supplies of all kinds are short, and extra ex 

Had You Believed This? 

pense is necessary to secure it. Pig iron 

and coke are scarce, and labor is high and 

advancing. 

3. Transportation facilities are bad. the car 

shortage will evidently continue and an increased 

freight rate will be effective on or 

about Aug. 25 next. 

4. Furnaces and stoves have not advanced in 

proportion to cost anywhere near to the extent 

of commodities that have recently shown 

a decline. 

The item of freight must be given special attention. 

for its importance cannot be overlooked. All of the 

materials used in the manufacture of furnaces and 

stoves belong to the heavy class, and many are transported 

a considerable distance. 

In the ease of pig iron, the price is steadily going 

up, and such contracts as have been made for delivery 

beyond Jan. 1, 1921, have been made at a considerable 

advance over prices at which contracts during 

the last half of 1920 have been entered. 

With the above factors existing, manufacturers can 

see no possible reduction in prices for their goods. 

and both dealer and user can expect no decline for 

manv months to come. 

THERE is a cheap and easy way to keep up to date on what is doing in the shops 

in our fields. Subscribe for METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

then read it and study it from the angle that applies to your particular situa 

tion. Don't neglect lhe advertisements. Read all of them and examine the pictures 

contained in them. Has it never occurred to you that an '"ad" may furnish just 

the idea you are looking for to apply to some vexing problem? Have not the cuts 

in an advertisement ever shown to you just the things vou wanted-to know? Don't 

you get a lot of useful information from reading the "ads"? If not, then it must 

be that you do not read the "ads" rightly. They should be read as one would read 

the news items of the trade paper for they are the newsiest kind of news items. All 

of the new discoveries, new inventions, new supplies are in the advertisements. They 

offer a wealth of practical suggestions for improving your own methods. You will 

find that the fellow that is forging ahead is reading the advertisements as much as 

any part of the paper.

AUGUST 13. 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 203 

THE PATH THAT LEADS 

To MONEY IN THE BANK 

Will Be Open to Our Readers 

for Travel September 3rd 

SERVICE of such a valuable character as that which has 

been heralded as showing THE PATH TftfiT LEADS * s to & ain 

substantially by starting Friday, TO MONEY IN THE BANK September 

3rd instead of on the date originally announced. 

It will give more time for all to realize that somethng of 

real advantage is in store for them and will come strong and 

c nvincing so that it is well worth waiting for. 

It is to be the first article of every issue and will make 

every reader know how to sell. Selling successfully means a 

larger business and at a better profit and those wh^ keep 

reading every issue the rest of this year will be in a class that 

fear no competition. That is the purpose of showing 

WE PMT. WAT LEADS and it is one that every tradesmsn can 

TO MONEY (N THE BANK readily follow. 

The art of selling is more profitable than any of the other 

arts tradesmen practice. 

It is the one that is most neglected by competent 

mechanics. It needs cultivation. The articles give the in 

centive and instruction. You know the money made on labor 

is scant but that the most money is made on the goods sold 

and the better salesman the tradesman is the more goods he 

sells and the more money he makes. The sale of goods involves 

the sale of labor in our fields and qualifications to do 

the selling will be ecquired by all who read and reflect.

204. METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 13, 1920 

Pertinent Information On Details to Insure Correct Construction and 

Good Appearances and To Avoid Error 

Instructive Directions On Elbow Making 

T H E following is the substance of a talk on laving 

out the rivet holes in a four-piece elbow pattern 

given to tlie writer's helper, Willie, a short time 

ago. 

You may not think that the variation of so little as 

1-16 in. in rivet holes is of much practical importance 

and it would not be if vou were onlv going to use a 

FIG. 1. ELBOW OB FISH PATTERN—WHICH? 

pattern once. But you may think differently when 

you remember that an untrue pattern makes untrue 

work, besides generally taking more time to do the 

work and also that a pattern may be used for 40 

years. 

Let me put it another way. Suppose you could 

have a minute of time and do a better job on one 

elbow by having a true pattern, 

how much would you save if you 

made a thousand? Perhaps I can 

make the point more clear by the 

following: 

S. F. B. Morse, the inventor of 

the telegraph, was a painter, but he 

had a mechanical mind of the highest 

order. When he was translating 

the alphabet into dots and dashes, 

being a scholar as well as a painter, 

he knew that the letter E was used 

more than any other letter. Now 

what would you do in a case like 

that? If you were a mechanic who 

realized that attention to details 

makes up the sum of perfection, you 

would do just the easiest, the most 

simple and the best thing. Mr. Morse 

realized that the letter that was used 

the most should be the shortest when 

translated, so lie made just one dot 

stand for the letter E. Try to imagine 

how much time would have been 

wasted since then if he had been a*slipshod 

workman and had made five 

dots stand for E as it does for I. 

A four-piece elbow is smaller at one end than it is 

at the other and therefore, as generally laid out, is 

a series of cones, which is wrong. It should be a 

series of cylinders, one a trifle smaller than the other- 

By Skrap 

it' vou will look in any good pattern book you will 

see the profile of a four-piece elbow giving the diameter 

angles, one of which is used to get the circumference 

stretch-out. 

Now this profile is a cylinder and not a cone and 

all the other operations up to the finished elbow should 

be done with this fact in mind. The principle is the 

same, that is, you .-ire still working on a cylinder 

whether you stretch out from A to B, as in Fig. 1, or 

continue so as to make what is called a fish pattern 

shown at CD. 

I do not find many shops tliat have taken the 

trouble to make a pattern for marking out a complete 

elbow at one operation such as is shown by Fig. 2. 

Most all of them content themselves with marking 

out an elbow piecemeal, using CD, Fig. 1, as a templet 

for the angles. In doing this, they almost invariably 

turn the cylinders into a cone by making the 

lines for the rivets wrong, as you will see by looking 

at Fig. 3. The distance from D to E is ordinarily 

about i/4 in. less than it is from F to G. This is done. 

of course, so that one end will go into a length of pipe 

and the other go onto the outside. 

Here i.s where the trouble begins. If this distance 

FI6.2 

. 2. ELBOW PATTERNS FASTENED TOGETHER 

from D to E were the same as F G, you would still 

have a cylinder and your elbow would be true, but 

since you have made it a cone all four pieces will be 

cones and when formed will be out of true, as shown


by Fig. 4. The dotted lines H I are straight. Notice 

the hollow at J and the hump at K. This is caused 

by the section being a cone, that is, the diameter at J 

is a little less than it is at" K and the elbow will go 

together staggered, as shown by Fig. 5. 

If the pattern were made up of a series of cylinders 

instead of cones, the lines at LN and MO, Fig. 4, 

would be straight and therefore true because each section 

of the elbow would be the same diameter at both 

ends. 

I have tried to show in the foregoing the defects of 

most of the patterns I have met with in my round 

through the town and quite a number of other towns 

besides. If you will follow me closely I will now try 

to show you how I make a pattern for a four-piece 

elbow. 

Referring to Fig. 2 again, I show a pattern for a 7in. 

elbow, each section of which is a cylinder, that is, 

both ends are the same in diameter because the rivet 

holes PQ are the same distance apart as RS and so on 

On the center line L T mark holes as at Y to match 

both ends of all four sections, these holes to be used 

when making elbows of small pieces of iron. Punch 

the holes and the pattern is practically perfect, first, 

because it is also a pattern for a half length of 7-in. 

pipe, using lock for seam, second, there is no waste of 

material as the elbow can be made in four pieces or 

eight, and third, three different angles can be made 

with the same pattern. For instance, four pieces or 

sections makes another angle and two pieces or sections 

makes still another, some one of which will fit 

almost any job. 

Let me throw in these two pointers on making up 

the elbow. Always roll the sections up with the punch 

burr on the inside. FJse a set on all rivets except on 

VV, section 4, flatten this one down so it will not be 

in the way when fitted inside another joint. Put 

seams opposite each other, as shown in Fig. 5. Lastly, 

when I have a furnace job out of town or a good way 

from the shop I make up two or three elbows that are 

in long sections so that by cutting the elbow apart I 

can always get an angle that will do. 

Sheet Production in Youngstown 

Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. is operating all departments 

on a curtailed basis of about 75 per cent of 

normal; Republic Iron & Steel Co. and Sharon Steel 

Hoop Co. report 85 per cent; Trumbull Steel Co., 75 

per cent; Brier Hill Steel Co., 70 per cent; Carnegie 

Steel Co., 75 per cent in Sharon, Farrell and New 

Castle plants and 55 per cent for Youngstown works. 

Newton Steel Co. has 10 mills in commission, producing 

one-pass black and highly finished sheets for 

the automobile industry at the yearly rate of 60,000 

tons, in the proportion of 60 per cent of highly finished 

output and 40 per cent of black sheets. Because 

of the exceptional demand for the best grade sheets, 

the company anticipates entering such production on 

W FIG.4 0 j 

FIG. 3. GETTING LINE FOR RIVET HOLES 

FIG. 4. THE EFFECT OF WRONG LINE RIVETS 

FIG. 5. THE APPEARANCE OF CARELESSLY MADE ELBOW 

throughout the rest of the pattern. As our galvanized 

iron is generally 28 in. wide, the pattern is cut so as 

to use half of the width or 14 in. The extreme length 

is just long enough to make a half length of pipe 

when locked together in the folder when the lock takes 

up 114 in- Now look sharp and I will lay it out over 

again. 

From any determinate base line as T er.ect center 

line U. On each side of this line mark for large end 

11 1-16 in. and for small end 11 9-16 in. Then for 

rivet marks for larger end 11 1-16 in. and for small 

end 10 15-16 in. This leaves % in. outside of rivets 

for a \ x a larger scale. 

At Farrell, Pa., the hot mill department of the 

American Sheet & Tin Plate Co. resumed in full Sunday 

evening, after an idleness of two weeks. 

The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. has started its 

new lapweld tube mill, giving it seven of that type 

and four buttweld. The new unit has a daily production 

approaching 200 tons. 

Makers report no tendency toward cancellation of 

orders, but sustained insistence on the part of consumers 

for deliveries. Effect of the prolonged interruption 

of normal rail service is discouraging some 

heavy steel consumers from going forward with 

planned enterprises. Producers, however, are optimistic, 

in view of strong export demand and outlook 

for bumper harvests, which ordinarily react beneficiallv 

on the basic industries. 

On" one dav reeentlv, 97 trucks were waiting their 

turn in a department of a local mill to get material. 

/± in. lock and the taper is equal on both ends. _t another plant, 50 trucks were standing m line. 

Now mark for rivet holes RSVVVVVV, then laysquare 

on line RS and mark PQ at right angles to RS 

and so on with the next two sections, No. 2 and 3. 

No dealer finds success in life. 

On section 4, the small end, lay square on VV and 

mark holes W W at right angles to VV. Cut pattern 

apart and spread enough to mark between the sections 

and fasten together as shown at X. 

Nor ever can, until 

He sells the goods that don't come back 

To customers who will. 

R. M. & H. E. Bulletin.

206 METALWORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCUST 13, 1920 

United Effort by Manufacturers, Jobbers and Sheet Metal 

Contractors Will Win Good Business Now. Open 

More Metal Roofs By Joint Merchandising 

By A. V. Hutchinson'' 

B O O M sheet metal for roofs—NOW—because 

people more than ever before are looking for 

material that will give the greatest service. The 

lasting qualities of good tin plate, zinc and copper 

are so well known to those in the business that they 

think, as a matter of course, that everybody knows 

about them. It is like the native of Buffalo who 

wonders at his guests' anxiety to see Niagara Falls. 

Roofs of galvanized iron and tin plate have served 

from 30 to 75 years, and in Europe zinc has given 

equal service. A copper roof with 125 years to its 

credit is on Christ Church, Philadelphia. With facts 

like these to present there is no argument but that 

metal offers the best roof covering. 

Prices for metal suitable for roofing have not advanced 

as rapidly as other materials whicli are not as 

good, so that there is a good opportunity to push a 

campaign for good roofs of metal. To do this successfully 

two things are required: First, the ability 

of manufacturers to supply the metal promptly in a 

larger tonnage than is now available for this purpose. 

Second, the co-operation of manufacturers, jobbers 

and sheet metal contractors. 

For some time demand for rolling mill products 

has far exceeded the supply, and the eagerness of 

buyers has had as much to Act with price advance as 

strikes and car shortages. However, 

Supply Has with the curtailment of production from 

Exceeded labor, fuel and transportation difficul- 

Demand ties and approaching hot weather, the 

situation should be carefully considered 

before definite action is taken. 

The manufacturer must be able to make enough 

sheets, the jobber must be able to deliver them to the 

sheet metal contractor and the latter must by doing 

the very highest grade of workmanship put metal in 

its rightful place as a roofing material. The public is 

in a receptive mood, and the only thing to do is to 

deliver the goods. 

It would be fitting for manufacturers through their 

association to suggest the best method of applying the 

various kinds of metal roofing now on the market, 

which include tin plate, zinc, copper and metal 

shingles. If a standardized specification for roofers 

were drawn up embodying the correct practice for 

the application of these materials under varying conditions, 

it would insure good service of the roofs. 

Another very important point is the weight or 

gage of metal used, and the recommendation of a minimum 

weight would prevent a recurrence of the bad 

name that was once given to tin roofs on which poor 

material and worse workmanship were used. When 

the cheapest material is used there will always be 

complaints. But if the best possible material is 

chosen there is absolute certainty that its service will 

•Presented at Metal Branch meeting, Cleveland, May 21-22. 

+ Western Editor, Metal Work, Plumber and Steam Fitter. 

be good, and will be of general satisfaction to all 

concerned. 

Sheet metal men have worked with tin plate and 

know how to use it, but they do not like to take a 

chance with the zinc or copper because of its greater 

properties of expansion and contraction. This attitude 

can only be corrected by education. When these 

metals are better understood and worked under proper 

conditions, they will give splendid service, and 

more information must be given to practical men in a 

way that they will understand. Instructions and 

detailed drawings to show each step for applying 

these metals in different ways should be so clear that 

the men cannot fail to grasp the technique from the 

drawing and explanation given. 

In telling the public the advantages of metal roofs 

photographs of what can be done with the various 

kinds with standing seam, flat seam, battened, sheet 

metal tiles and shingles are invaluable, 

Photographs and should be used freely. A picture 

of Advantage will always get attention, where a 

printed page will be passed up. 

The manufacturer and jobber must give from their 

experience in merchandising so that the contractor 

will learn that the only way to get business is to go 

out after it. The hearty co-operation of all factors 

in the business will bring a greater development of 

the industry, and be of great public service by making 

more metal roofs. 

Invaluable Articles Published 

B. F. JOHN Co. 

Architectural Sheet Metal Work, Skylight- Roofing, 

Heating and Ranges 

1003 Race Street, 

Philadelphia, Pa., July 8, 1920 

Mr. Frank K. Chew, 

243 West 39th St., 


Dear Sir: 

Allow me to congratulate you on the two very interesting 

articles in the last two weeks' paper entitled 

"Furnacemen Can Aid in Solving Housing Problem," 

and "Will Sheet Metal Men Drive Their Industry." 

There are a number of other good papers that make 

the last two issues very interesting indeed, and your 

suggestion of a press committee is already working in 

our organization. 

There will be quite a discussion on several papers 

at our September meeting, which is our quarterly 

dinner and I think Secretary Knecht is preparing 

something real for that evening. 

Hoping you are well, I am, 


BENJAMIN F. JOHN Co. 

(Signed) B. F. John.

AUCUST 13, 1920 METALWORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 207 

Water Never Missed 

Until Everything Was Dry 

Information on the Method of Repairing Pumps with 

Special Reference to Leather Valve Replacement 

PROBABLY there is no domestic appliance more 

generally used outside of the cities than the common 

pitcher pump. I should like to say a few 

words on the subject of repairing pumps in general 

but with special reference to replacing the leather 

valves. 

«__•___. 

Fu 

FIG. 1. COMMON PITCHER PUMP 

FIG. 2. LOWER VALVE LEATHER 

PLUNGER VALVE LEATHER FORMED 

FIG. 4. 

VALVE LEATHER READY TO BE FORMED 

FIG. 5. 

Many years' experience has enabled me to perfect 

a method of procedure which always gives good results, 

and I am glad of the chance of passing it along 

for the benefit of those to whom the work may be new. 

A pump should be handled pretty carefully for, although 

it is made of iron, the castings are thin and 

thin castings are almost always brittle. Besides, if 

you should break a customer's pump you could not 

satisfy some of them with a silver-plated one. 

An ordinary kitchen pump is shown in Fig. 1. Suppose 

we take it apart and put in new leathers. The 

bolts AA and set screw B are liable to be rusted so 

badly that no chance may be taken of twisting the 

heads off. Put a little kerosene on them and heat the 

metal with a torch, tapping the heads with a hammer 

until they start with a 6-in. wrench. When the pump 

is taken apart the lower valve leather, Fig. 2, will be 

found to have a weight or flapper fastened to it with 

a brass screw. Don't try to take this screw out until 

you have put the flapper and leather into a fire and 

burned the leather all off. Then throw it into water 

and, when cold, the screw will come out easily. 

A cross section of the plunger is shown in Fig. 3, 

in which CC is the leather, also shown in Fig. 4. 

Burn the leather out of the plunger and immerse the 

holder DD in cold water about !/_ in. and it will come 

out without danger of breaking. In putting in a new 

lower valve leather some favor putting the grain side 

By F. N. Parks 

down and others argue for the flesh side. I do not 

think it makes much difference beeause, while the 

flesh side being softer might take care of small particles 

of sand and thus preserve the seal, the grain 

side being smoother is less liable to catch sand or dirt. 

Soak both leathers thoroughly in water. 

If the valve seat is pitted with rust or worn, file 

it down until it is true. Fasten the flapper to the 

leather and put in place. Set the barrel on and adjust 

bolts AA, Fig. 1. In screwing these bolts home 

be sure that it is done evenly so that each side will 

be the same distance from the base. 

If you have plunger leathers already made as 

shown in Fig. 4 and 5, you may or may not have the 

size required so it will be necessary to cut one out, 

using harness or soft sole leather. If the leather is 

spongy be sure and cut the hole somewhat smaller and 

stretch it over holder DD, Fig. 3. When the holder 

is tightened up the leathers must be crimped, as shown 

in Fig. 4. This is done by a little tool shown in Fig. 

6 made in the shop of No. 24 galvanized iron 8 in. 

long, 2*4 in. in diameter at the small end and 8% in. 

at the other, with the seam closely riveted for strength. 

This size cone crimps leathers for pumps from No. 1 

to No. 4 size. The plunger is put into the large 

end of the cone and forced down until the right size 

is reached. 

FIG. 3. CROSS SECTION 

OF PLUNGER 

FIG. 0. SHEET METAL FORMER 

FOR VALVE LEATHERS 

Look down the inside of the pump barrel or cylinder 

and note that it is worn smooth only up to within 

about % in. of the top opening. This is generally 

crusted over with rust. This should be cleaned off.

•208 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 13, 1920 

It is better to leave the plunger in crimping cone until 

the leather partially dries but, when it is taken out, 

rub on some soap before it is forced into barrel of 

pump. Now put on the handle and handle frame and 

be very careful not to turn the set screw B, Fig. 1, 

too tight, for the weakest part of the whole pump 

is right under that screw. Oil all bearings on liandle 

and the pump ought to be in first-class order. 

In setting a pump in a wooden shelf, especially if 

lead pipe is connected to the pump, never fasten it 

T H E labors of many a farmer's wife have been 

lessened by bringing the pump into the kitchen. 

Then another step that has had her approval was 

piping to supply hot water without having to lift and 

carry water from the pump to the stove. In view of 

these facts and that all do not go right out and get 

the best there is to be had on hearing about it though 

the}' need to be relieved of burdens, I submit a 

drawing of a pump and its connections, with tank and 

waterback in the stove, that I have arranged for many 

people in the South and whieli are still in service. 

There are many places where the first step will 

have to be taken before they will take the long step 

to the modern outfit. I believe that the trade in the 

smaller centers in the farming com- 

Prepare People munities will do well to study the 

by Getting drawing I submit and bring it to 

Their Attention the attention of people who could afford 

to pay the price and would pay 

the price to have the necessary changes made to help 

the woman on the farm. It will be noted in the first 

place that the pump has been brought into the kitchen 

and has been placed alongside of the sink so that the 

woman can pump water directly into the dish-pan or 

any other utensil she may be using. This is a great 

step in advance over going outside to the well with 

a bucket, bringing it in, setting it on a bench and 

then dipping out the water required for different 

purposes. 

The sink pump is a great comfort and convenience. 

*Memphis representative Estate Stove Co. 

with screws; use bolts, for screws are bound to work 

loose from the constant working of the pump and this 

is what breaks the lead apart just below the joint. 

If a pump fails to hold up water, there is a leak 

in the pipe or the trouble is in the lower valve, Fig. 2. 

The plunger valve has nothing to do with it. 

If, when the pump is in good order, it fails to throw 

water, look lower down. I once knew of three different 

mechanics (?) who tried to make a pump work 

when there was not a drop of water in the cistern. 

Simple Hot Water Supply for Farm House 

Type of Outfit That Was Used With Satisfaction 

Before Modern Systems Were Known 

By John Lynch'' 

The pump, however, does not procure cold water only 

if it is piped as shown in the sketch. It will be 

noted that the pipe running from the pump delivers 

immediately to the storage tank F, when the valve C 

is opened and the valve E is closed. This fills the 

tank and with a little care it never overflows. Then 

from the bottom of this tank F a pipe is carried to 

the waterback where a pipe is carried from the waterback 

to the same connection on the side of the tank 

that received the cold water. 

Now in service if hot water is desired all the housewife 

has to do is to close the valve D, open the valve 

E and pump the water direct through the pipe G. If 

she wants cold water she closes the valve E and valve 

C and pumps directly through the faucet B. If the 

hot water is needed in the bathroom on the floor 

above, she closes the valves C and D, opens E and 

starts the pump going and pumps the water from the 

tank up to the bathroom where the bath is taken in the 

modern tub for the washtub is carried up for the purpose. 

In this way whether or not she has a reservoir 

on the range as shown, she has a supply of water 

which she can manipulate with advantage. And then, 

too, there is enough of it so that if she wants to do 

laundry work on Mondays it will keep heating without 

any special effort on her part beyond the operation 

of the pump, which she will have to work in any case 

where the water supply is not under pressure. 

Doubtless some of the readers have installed equipments 

of a similar nature or better and they mav be 

willing to bring to the attention of the readers something 

of what they have installed.

AUCUST 13, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FI 

Place These Red Cross Facts Before People in Small 

Towns and on Farms Needing Plumhing and 

Extend Health by Installing Sanitary Equipment 

Plumbing and Epidemic Prevention 

in Europe 

The plumber is the right man to take a Health Protection Message 

throughout the United States as the American Red Cross took it 

abroad and make the home water supply and waste disposal svstems 

safe in places where it is now a menace. 

T H E place of plumbing in the public welfare has 

been more clearly defined by the conditions arising 

out of, or laid bare because of the world war 

than ever before. Plumbing as an all-important factor 

in city sanitation and hygienic homes bids fair to 

achieve in the next decade as momentous a place as 

has proper understanding of dietetics and food values 

in the decade now passing. 

Wherever the American Red Cross relief units have 

been established in the stricken countries overseas, 

there plumbing conditions have undergone a grilling 

examination, with a resultant introduction of modern 

methods and improved health. The further East the 

investigation has taken its course, the more urgent, as 

a rule, has been the need of instruction in modern 

plumbing. 

Open wells, open sewers, contaminated water supplies 

and undrained streets—tliese have been pointed 

out wherever the symbol of the American Red Cross 

has flown, as the indices of a community's intelligence 

and progress or the lack thereof. And while 

the incalculable effects to be expected from the enlightenment 

of the public mind when these now bankrupt 

nations recover their economic balance will undoubtedly 

create a market for plumbing supplies and 

workers unprecedented in the history of Europe. 

Notable instances of how far behind our New 

World standards, even the acknowledged center of 

culture and art of the Old have fallen, have pointed 

out in the ease of modern Greece. In historic Athens, 

clustered at the foot of the renowned Acropolis, and 

the other classic ruins that mutely testify to the glory 

of the past, are hundreds of families living in filth 

and misery. Dooryard wells—fountains of disease 

—furnished the drinking water for dozens of households. 

Throughout the Balkans similar conditions 

obtained until the American Red Cross began spreading 

its propaganda of better health and modern standards 

of sanitation. 

In fact, but one case stands out in shining contrast, 

the city of Vienna. The vital statistics of the Austrian 

capital abundantly prove, by the absence of 

certain communicable diseases always prevalent in 

the other countries, that the plumbing of a munici 

209 

pality is the health thermometer that indicates that 

city's sanitary condition. Vienna furnishes an illustrious 

example of what can be done in conserving a 

people's health by properly piping in a pure water 

supplv and by constructing adequate sewers. For 

though Vienna, through famine and the pestilences 

spread by other causes, is to-day the "sick city of 

Europe," she nevertheless still remains comparatively 

immune from such scourges as cholera, typhoid and 

the kindred ills spread by open sewers. 

Vienna, long prior to the war, had achieved two 

municipal undertakings of first rank from the health 

standpoint. Sewage canals and a pure water supply. 

In the latter part of the 19th century, the city determined 

to discontinue the practice of using the Danube 

Canal and the Vienna River for sewage and constructed 

450 miles of "main gatherers," or overvaulted 

sewers, which joined the Danube in an uninhabited 

region some distance below the city. Thereafter 

typhus was brought under control and in 25 

years preceding the war it never caused higher than 

95 deaths per year out of the city's population of 

more than two million. These 95 cases may be 

ascribed to the fact that Vienna, a trade center of 

Europe, had always been a meeting place for the 

odds and ends of humanity from all the world. 

In addition to the sewage system the municipality 

purchased the watersheds of two mountain torrents 

in the region of Schneeberg. 100 miles to the southwest. 

P'rom these Alpine springs, with an elevation 

of 6.000 ft., the water flows under great pressure and 

is abundant, pure and cold. No citv has more delicious 

drinking water; cool enough to dispense with 

ice and of a flavor to make mineral water unnecessary. 

Thus, because of the excellence of her sewage disposal 

and the water supply, Vienna has not only safeguarded 

herself against typhoid, but also against the 

two other dreaded diseases formerly introduced from 

the Orient and spread in epidemic waves across Middle 

Europe, dysentery and Asiatic cholera. Since the 

installation of the new systems of sewage and water 

these two scourges have never gained a foothold in 

the citv.


Successful Combination 

Direct and Indirect Heating System 

FIG. 1. WATER SEAL BALL CHECK UNION ELBOW 

USED ON RADIATORS 

Vapor-Vacuum-Pressure Installation Comfortably 

Warms Large Mansion of 48 Rooms and Halls 

W H E N the heating system to be installed in a the additional advantage of complete control over the 

house is under discussion, usually only three amount of heat entering each radiator. It operates 

methods of heating are considered—steam, hot without pressure and most of the time under a par 

water and warm air. Occasionally, liowever, where 

the building is large, ease of management of the heating 

plant and range in temperature of the heating 

medium are desired, and it is realized that some systems 

have advantages, a vapor or vacuum system is 

investigated. 

The residence of Edward F. Leroy, Bernardsville, 

tial vacuum. 

Since this system depends for success upon the 

circulation of vapor or steam through the pipes and 

radiators and the presence of air is an obstructing 

force, the air must first be removed. The radiators 

have no air valves, but the air and the steam conden 

N. J., after considerable study of available outfits, sation are both carried off through a water seal ball 

was equipped with the Richardson vapor-vacuum sys check valve, as shown in Fig. 1, on the return connectem 

of heating by M. J. Doherty, Berna/dsville, N. J., tion at the bottom of each radiator and joined with the 

for which the necessary appliances are made by the main air pipe line which runs to the cellar. There 

Richardson & Boynton Co., 260 Fifth Avenue, New- fore, a return pipe line is required. 

York City. Vapor-vacuum systems have the quick The building in this case, which is "L" shape, is 

and positive heating effect of the gravity steam sys constructed of brick veneer on wood and topped with 

tem, with the mild low temperature of hot water and a slate roof. In the cellar a Richardson end feed sec- 

FIG. 3. AIR EXPELLER THAT PREVENTS 

RE-ENTRY OF AIR INTO SYSTEM 

f IG. I. PLAN OF LOWER FLOOR OF HOUSE, SHOWING 

LOCATION OF RADIATORS AND REGISTERS


iltism. 

hSoiSAAj *J; tomato Smog 

Water tine /*->j 

rf Boiler 

eradtcfsaertom? Check Voir, 

DETAIL V 

Method of Retajmg Air Return Lin 

and Connecting Air Expeller 

' bee 

DETAIL A 

L 

J",fi..». 

'"-/"/riser 

FIG. 2. LAY-OUT OF THE STEAM MAIN AND RETURN AIR LINES AND AIR CONNECTIONS TO INDIRECT RADIATORS 

tional steam boiler No. 369 is in service. This boiler 

has a capacity rating of 3,600 sq. ft. per 8 hr. and 

a grate area of 15.65 sq. ft. 

From a study of the piping shown in Fig. 2 it will 

be seen that the 5-in. main leading from the steam 

dome of the boiler runs to the right for a short distance, 

where it divides into 4% and 3-in. branches, 

thereby producing two circuits. The 4 1 /2" ul - line continues 

in the same general direction as the main, eventually 

encircling the entire right wing of the building 

and finally reduced in size to 2^ in. The 3-in. 

branch, after going directly back to the rear of the 

left section of the house, proceeds along the back and 

then forward on the further left side until nearly a 

complete round has been made. It ends a short distance 

from the boiler in a 2V-in. pipe. 

Note should be taken that each air and steam line 

return main starts as a 1-in. pipe where the first 

radiator is taken off the supply main, extends through, 

parallel with, and at the same pitch as the steam 

main and increases in size to take care of the added 

connections. The pitch of the piping in this installation 

is from a high point at the boiler 1 in. in 20 ft. 

for the main and for lateral and horizontal pipe 

branches 1 in. in 2 ft. 

|/fW 

Just beyond the last radiator of each circuit a 

horizontal swing cheek valve is located on the 2-in. 

return line and at a point between this check valve 

and the radiator a 1-in. air line is relayed to the 

high point and carried back to a Richardson air expeller 

and vacuum valve, as shown in detail A of Fig. 

2. This latter device, shown in Fig. 3, placed in 

the cellar at the end of the line, automatically releases 

the air from the system and closes by expansion 

as soon as steam or vapor reaches it, thus 

preventing waste of heat. Also the vacuum attachment 

prevents air re-entering through the air expeller 

when the svstem cools off. Finally the return 

main enlarges to 2^> in. before entering the 

boiler and is fitted with a horizontal swing check 

valve and a gate valve at this point. 

In the table i.s given the data by which the heating 

of this house was planned and particular note 

should be taken of the three rooms having indirect 

radiation. 

In room 101, Fig. 4, located in the extreme rightwing 

of the first floor a 14 x 18-in. floor register in 

each of the 4 corners discharges warm air supplied. 

from below through a 5 x 18-in. duct and stack. A 

5 x 36-in. fresh air inlet admits air from the outside

21: METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 13. 1920 

to supplv the two registers in the rear and a duplicate E. G. S. loses 85 B. t. u. per hour with a difference 

arrangement supplies two in the front of the room. of 70 deg. between indoor and outdoor temperatures, 

This 5 x 36-in. duct is so divided that half the enter then the total hourly losses for the room will be 

ing air is conveyed over the 90 sq. ft. of indirect 85 x 58 = 4,930 B. t. u. 

radiator surface placed beneath each register, as Sice this liouse has a vapor lieating system it may 

shown in Figs. 2 and 5. 

be safely assumed that each square foot of radiation 

Rooms 102 and 106, shown in Fig. 4, on each side surface gives off 230 B. t. u. per hour. Then to replace 

of the central hall, also indirectlv heated, have fresh the heat losses there would be required 22 sq. ft. of 

radiator surface. This figure is obtained by dividing 

SPECIAL RICHARDSON RETURH FITTINGS 4.930 B. t. u. by 230, the number of B. t. u. given off 

per hour by 1 sq. ft. of radiation surfaee. Allowing 

10 per cent additional radiation for the weather exposure, 

the total amount required to keep this room 

STEAM comiECTIOKat 70 deg. Fahr. in zero weather would be 24 sq. ft. 

The heating contractor has, however, allotted 32 

sq. ft. radiation for this room and similar generous 

allowances throughout the building to insure comfortable 

lieating during below zero weather and when 

high winds prevail. To control the supply of the 

lieating medium each radiator is equipped with a 

graduated supplv valve, as shown in Fig. 6. 

Room 102, which is indirectly heated, would require 

by the above method of calculation, 43 sq. ft. of direct 

radiation or with a 10 per cent, additional allowance 

for weather exposure, a total of 48 sq. ft. is obtained. 

A common rule for determining the amount of indirect 

radiation is to increase the computed direct radiation 

FIG. 5. TYPICAL CONNECTIONS FOR INDIRECT RADIATORS 

air inlet 5 x 30 in. and in the former, after passing 

over 150 sq. ft. of indirect radiator surface the warm 

air is conducted through 8 x 15-in. ducts and 5 x 24-in. 

stacks and discharged through two 9 x 24-in. registers 

placed in the rear exposed wall beneath the windows. 

For room 106, on the left of the hall, the fresh air, 

after passing over 150 sq. ft. of indirect radiator surface, 

enters a 7 x 18-in. duct and is discharged through 

two 12 x 18-in. floor registers located in the rear 

corners. All fresh air inlets mentioned are equipped 

with quadrant dampers for regulation of the inflow 

of outside air. 

The total cubic contents of the house is 70,225 cu. 

ft. with 5,905 sq. ft. exposed wall surface and 1,487 

sq. ft. of glass surface. Assuming 4 sq. ft. of wall 

surface equivalent to 1 sq. ft. of glass, the amount 

of wall surface can be expressed in terms of glass 

surface and when added to the actual glass surface 

gives the equivalent glass surface, or E. G. S. column 

of the table. Thus the total E. G. S. is 2.968 sq ft., 

thc total amount of direct radiator 1,339 sq. ft. and 

660 sq. ft. of indirect radiation. 

Examining the proportions found in the table it 

will be noted that the radiation-to-cubic-content column 

shows an extremely high ratio for the halls. This 

is quite permissible considering the small exposed wall 

surfaee and that the number of rooms connecting with 

the hall is large and therefore a large amount of heat 

finds its way from them across these corridors. 

As a typical illustration of the method pursued in 

calculating the direct radiation required for the different 

rooms, consider room 118. By reference to the 

table of radiation it will be noted that this room 

contains 2.860 cu. ft. of air and has 110 sq. ft. of 

exposed wall .-ind 30 sq. ft. of glass surface. The 

two last items converted to same thing give the 58 

sq. ft. E. G. S. recorded. If each square foot of 

by 50 per cent.. Applying it to this case, the indirect 

radiation should be 72 sq. ft., but it will be noticed 

from the accompanying table that 150 sq. ft. has been 

used. The reason for more than doubling the required 

amount of radiation was the desire of the owner 

to be assured of a warm home, the exposed position 

of the liouse, whicli is located on a high hill, with an 

open countrv surrounding it and the high winds and 

the severe cold weather which often prevails in the 

locality. 

1-IG. 6. RADIATORS EQUIPPED WITH GRADUATED SUPPLY- VALVE 

At first glance it would seem that a larger boiler 

than necessary was installed as at present only 2.000 

sq. ft. of radiation are in service, but allowing the 

usual specification of 50 per cent, above required 

radiation, for the boiler rating, then a boiler maintaining 

3.000 sq. ft. of radiation would be needed.


However, to take care of any over-rating on the part 

of the boiler manufacturer and some proposed future 

radiators a boiler having a rating of 3,600 sq. ft. was 

decided upon. 

This heating installation cannot be cited as an example 

of the rigid application of the general heating 

rules, but illustrates how when combined with common 

SCHEDULE OF RADIATION FOR LeROY RESIDENCE AT 

BERNARDSVILLE, N. J. 

Ratio of Rad. to 

|j fi? h! « fi." u w 

Rooms Dimensions M O J> &£ ^ Aa - 


Include Overhead Expense in Wage Charge 

Overhead Cost Should Be Added to the Cost of the Production Labor in Order 

By W. H. J. 

to Have It Included in the Total Cost of the Contract 

T H E R E is no easy road that leads to the end of 

the cost estimates of the manufacture of any commercial 

article, so to obtain easy and quick methods 

of calculating costs, one has to travel the hard road 

of experience and items and either of them are great 

obstructors. 

In estimating a contract the cost of material is the 

first element to be considered and calculated. Care 

should be used in proceeding with this element, for 

although not different, it is the cause of much loss by 

reason of a loose inspection of the items that enter 

into the work. The next element of cost is the cost 

of productive labor, also called direct labor and experienced 

labor, in other words, the tradesman. An 

impersonal estimator should not be allowed to make 

this estimate, for even under the most favorable circumstances 

it is more or less of a guess, based upon 

past experience in the length of time it took to do 

similar work. In large contracts this element of guess 

is fraught with great danger of a possible loss. Unusual 

care should be given to this element of production 

when determining its cost in a contract. The 

third element of cost in the contract is the cost of 

indirect labor, better known as overhead. This one 

element is a much-discussed one and its solution is 

about as far away as when the pro and con of it 

started. The reason for this is that while the solution 

is suitable for one kind of business it is not at all suitable 

for another kind. The solution given in this article 

is dependent upon the overhead cost being an addition 

to the cost of the productive labor. Before this 

may be done, what the sum of this element of cost is 

must first be found. To find it is not a difficult task 

but it is a tedious one and few care to go into it, 

though it would well repay them to do so. A few of 

the expense items which enter into the element of cost 

is given as follows and any items of expense that is 

not mentioned should be added, for one firm may have 

a certain expense that another firm may not have. 

Rent. Truck drivers' salaries. 

Insurance. Telephone and Telegraph ex- 

Light, penses. 

Freight, "inward." Stationery. 

Truck repairs. Taxes. 

Postage. Water rent. 

Miscellaneous expense. Heat. 

Salaries of officers. Auto truck, 10 per cent, for 

Bookkeepers' salaries. depreciation. 

Stenographers' salaries. Gasoline, oil and grease. 

Inside salesmen's salaries. Advertising and printing. 

Outside salesmen's salaries. Additional expenses not 

Errand boys' salaries. listed. 

Porters' salaries. 

The sum of the totals of all these items divided 

by the number of working days gives the daily sum 

of the expense and this sum divided by the number 

of productive men at work is the amount to be added 

to the wage of each per day. If desired the overhead 

may be subdivided into that of the hourly basis of 

wages. 

To illustrate the method: It is assumed the total 

of the items of expense are $2,700 per year and the 

number of working days are 300. Then the calculation 

is $2,700 divided by 300 equals $9 as the daily 

overhead expense and as there are 10 skilled men 

working every day each of them will have added to 

his wages for overhead expense $9 divided by 10 

equals 90 cents. A slight increase in this is permissible 

for loss of time on the part of the skilled 

workmen. 

Once this is determined as the daily overhead it is. 

added to the cost of the wage of the direct labor and 

the contractor makes the changes to suit the varying 

changes in the expense account. He need not worry 

over his expense burden not being taken care of and 

he need not be afraid of it being too great a sum. 

Bidding on contracts should not be done hastily nor 

in a haphazard manner. Every item should be "given 

a thorough going over as to its cost and the cost of 

placing it in its position. This method of quickly applying 

this element of cost to any line of business is 

done by merely determining the labor that shall be the 

productive labor. Each contract or repair job of any 

kind bears its proportion of the overhead burden or 

overhead expense. The small contractor may apply it 

equally successfully as the big one for his overhead 

expense will be in the proportion to the business done. 

Use of the Metric System in Norway 

A memorandum prepared bv the Norwegian Foreign 

Office, according to Consul-General Marion 

Letcher, Christiania, on the subject of the use of the 

metric system of weights and measures in Norway 

reads in part as follows: 

The international metric system is the onlv svstem accord- 

££._____} v e ' ghtS and measur « «n be adjusted in the 

Kingdom of Norway. 

The "fisketonne (fish barrel), a measure which has been 

m use for many years, contains 116 liters (liter=1.05 liquid 

quarts). The use of this measure is permitted in the sale 

offish and various other products, such as salt, tar, and 

spirits and other liquids. In the sale of cod roe for domestic 

consumption, measures of any size mav be used. In "ales 

of cod-liver oil, measures of any size under 46.4 liters may 

adjusTment meaSUr£S "* h ° WeVer ' not Sub ect to 

J 

The tendency seems to be in the direction of making the 

international metric system the only svstem of weights and 

measures used in the country. 

s ' 

In the retail trade the "pund" is used as the equivalent 

of half a liter.




plexing problems---the Place to 




SERVK__riS"GKATIS 

FROM P. M. G., ST. JOHN, N. B.—Near St. John. 

I have a job changing a dirt and shaving system. We 

are placing the receiver just over the boiler and while 

the pressure from a double blower is about right to 

clean the discharge pipe, the amount 

How Can of air entering the boiler is far too 

Volume of Air much. It eats up the coal, makes it 

Be Decreased? very hard to keep up steam. I would 

appreciate it if you would let me 

know as soon .as possible if the receiver is too small 

GIVES Too MUCH Am 

IT-O" To 

toiler Top^ 

to allow the shaving and dirt to drop into the fire 

with as little wind as possible and what the proper 

size of receiver should be. 

NOTE—The volume of air entering fire-box of boilers 

through discharge pipe (C) in this job seems to 

ta too great, indicating excessive pressure in chamber 

(B), which'can be released by enlarging vent tube 

(A), however, we present this to our readers for such 

information as their experience suggests. 

FROM A. V. B., DAKOTA.—When I stated that I 

had a customer who wanted to place his hot water 

storage tank or kitchen range boiler in the bathroom 

it is possible I did not make myself clear, as the 

answers given do not touch the point on which I 

sought aid. He does not care how much 

Connecting heat he gets. " I am sending a sketch 

Heater with and I would like to know what changes 

Range Boiler to make, if any are necessary, to inin 

Bathroom sure satisfactory service to my customer. 

I want the arrangement of piping 

so as to get hot water at the kitchen sink, the 

bathtub, the lavatory and the laundry tubs, practically 

as soon as the faucets are opened. If the furnace 

and laundry stove piping is so arranged that 

either or both will heat the water in the range boiler, 

it will be satisfactory. Will there be any difficulty 

in setting the hot water down to the kitchen sink and 

laundry tubs, which seems to be a long distance to 

travel. I generally put the range boiler near the 

RANGE 

Note.- Kanqe t__ed for 

heating water in summer 

BOILER IX BATHROOM 

heater and think it is a better arrangement. But I 

would be glad to hear from those who have had experience 

in connecting range boilers under unusual 

conditions as to what changes I should make in the 

diagram shown to insure giving my customer satis 

faction.

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAMFITTER AUGUST 13, 1920 


Managing a Rush Business 

N O more important matter can engage the atten 

tion of the business man at the present time 

than reflecting over the changes in the manage 

ment of the rush of business that will come in this 

fall whicli his past experience has demonstrated nec 

essary to him. It is the most natural thing in the 

world to follow the old trend whieh has invariably led 

him to a congestion and an explosion when the pa 

tience of both the customer and tliose who serve him 

have been tried to the limit. Everv indication this 

fall points to a shortage of goods, a delay in their de 

livery when ordered from the manufacturer and fewer 

men to do the work than required to handle it with 

the dispatch that would please everybody who has a 

job to do. 

Better Methods Needed 

the fellow who does work for the customer has annoy 

Under the circumstances, it is most natural to expect 

the old method to break down. The man who 

ances in the form of dull tools, a shortage of supply 

thinks this over and arranges some sy.stem whereby and apparently little consideration to his needs. 

lie can keep track of the things required for various Everybody must be kept in a good humor, no matter 

customers ordered from different houses and arriv 

ing at different times and the goods required for 

partly completed jobs will be ready when goods come 

in to place them so that the job is complete. There 

must not be too much clerical work for those called 

on to do it. They will neglect it in the rush for their 

services, or the customer will take his departure be 

fore the record is correctly made. However, there 

must be records and probably in triplicate form, and 

some method must be devised for keeping track of 

the multiplicity of things whieh several orders from 

customers is sure to bring with them. 

An Old Head Is Better 

other work is concerned, and it requires patience and 

vigilance to prevent their method bringing an exces 

sive burden as the result. 

These things are pointed out so as to show the 

tradesmen that he must make preparations if he 

wishes to avoid friction among his help and friction 

with his customers, and to insure that handling of the 

business which requires the least expense and there 

fore adds accordingly to the profit. 

Be Sure of a Profit 

No customer should be served without bringing in 

a profit, because the business is conducted for the 

purpose of making a profit as well as for giving satis^ 

faction to those served. The best possible service is 

rendered when capable satisfied employees are so 

handled that their burdens are reduced, because even 

what the strain upon the man who sits in a private 

office in the armchair. 

Insulating Material 

T H E R E will be just as great need for using insu 

lating material on heating apparatus as there was 

before the experiments at the University of Il 

linois demonstrated that one thickness of asbestos 

paper wrapped around a warm-air furnace pipe trans 

mitted more heat than the bare pipe. This is no new 

thought to those who have had experience in earlier 

days. It simply means that a better material or a 

material better adapted to the purpose must be se 

This i.s hardly the job for an impatient youngster 

lected, and for such cases an air cell covering, as it 

unless there is some care in handling him so that the 

is commonly ealled in the trade, removes all cause 

pressure will not appear unreasonable to him. There 

for criticism. It means that the lieating contractor 

must be that discipline among the workers which will 

must explain the difference to his customers and se 

induce every one to give proper consideration to their 

cure the price that will enable him to use the charac 

co-operators. Sometimes the most efficient men in 

ter of insulation which will render the service that 

some lines of work are the most negligent so far as the insulation is expected to give.

AUGUST 13, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

Intention at the National Trade Extension Bureau to Secure 

Equitable Adjustment of Premium Rates 

Collecting Compensation Insurance Facts 

IT is the desire of the National Trade Extension 

Bureau to secure from plumbing and heating contractors 

all over the country facts drawn from the 

contractor's own experience as to the cost of premiums 

for workmen's compensation insurance. The purpose 

is for T. E. B. to summarize and compare the 

facts so secured, with a view to making a definite 

effort to secure a reduction of rates, to make this 

insurance less expensive, and to get the cost more 

fairly proportioned to the risk involved to the insurance 

companies. 

The effectiveness of this T. E. B. campaign will 

depend entirely upon the amount of intelligent cooperation 

that T. E. B. receives in the matter from 

the plumbing and lieating contractor. On the one 

hand, if the contractor says to himself: "Oh, I don't 

need to send in my figures, there will be thousands of 

ethers that they will get, and they won't need mine," 

the result is going to be that the number of facts and 

figures placed at the disposal of T. E. B. will be 

pitifully small compared to the needs of the situation; 

and the results in favor of the plumbing and heating 

contractor will be just as pitifully small. 

On the other hand, if every plumbing and lieating 

contractor takes an intelligent and progressive view 

of this matter such as it deserves, a great majority 

of them will send the necessary facts and figures, ana 

the possibilities of favorable results of the campaign 

will be very largely increased. 

What are you, Mr. Contractor, going to do about 

it? Yes, we mean you, yourself, Mr. Contractor— 

you, not your competitor or neighbor, but YOU! Are 

you going to sit down and take the few minutes 

necessary to send in the facts and figures which will 

be asked for, or are you going to "Let George do it," 

with the inevitable result that George will "pass the 

buck," just the same as you have done? 

If you and George and all of the other Georges 

"pass the buck" frequently enough, the result will be 

"nothing doing." Contrarywise, if you and George 

and all of the other Georges "ante up" properly, sit 

into the game, draws cards, and then play your hand. 

the pot is going to be big enough to make everybody 

a winner. 

Every plumbing and heating contractor on the mailing 

list of T. E. B. will receive a very attractive 

card which will embody a list of questions on this subject 

and T. E. B. wants these questions answered by 

every plumbing and heating contractor who receives 

tliem. The questions will be perfectly plain and 

easily answered. The reverse side of the card will 

carry a worth-while message to every man in the industry—one 

which will be worthy of being made a 

permanent part of your office or shop decorations. 

For the information of any contractor who reads 

this article, and who may happen not to be on the 

National Trade Extension Bureau's mailing list, the 

questionnaire whieh is to be sent out by T. E. B. 

concerning this matter is printed here as follows: 

First. How many men in your employment 

were injured last fall? 

Second. What was the nature of the injury? 

Third. Were they injured in or out of the 

shop ? 

Fourth. State amount each workman drew 

from an insurance company as compensation. 

Fifth. Give the amount you paid the insurance 

company as a premium on your policy. 

Sixth. Were the injured men journeymen, 

helpers, laborers, sewer men or other help? 

Seventh. State the rate you are paying as 

premiums to the insurance company for each 

$100 of payroll. 

Proper answers to these questions from every 

plumbing and heating contractor in the United States 

will put T. E. B. in a position of discovering whether 

or not the insurance companies have been profiteering 

in their rates for this compensation insurance. With 

the information thus supplied T. E. B. ean furnish 

the National Associations with ammunition to attack 

excessive rates by intelligent appeals to state and 

national governments. 

And by the wa;—if you are not on the mailing list 

cf the National Trade Extension Bureau, although 

you are legitimately engaged in either the plumbing 

and heating game, vou ought to get your name on that 

list without delav. To do this it is only necessary to 

drop a postal card or letter to the National Trade 

Extension Bureau, 407 Mercantile Bank Building, 

Evansville, Ind., giving them your proper firm name 

and address, including street address, and the names 

of two or more supply houses from whom you buy 

material, and stating whether you do plumbing only,, 

heating only, or both. 

Not of That Trade 

A well-known buver in a Philadelphia department 

store, who is also a book lover with a considerable 

library was lending a valuable volume to a friend of 

his and being a victim of those who borrow books and 

never return them, he thought he would request his 

friend not to forget to return the book. "Now, said 

the buver, "I am going to lend you this book, and 1 

hope vou do not forget to return it, because so many 

people, through carelessness, keep the books I loan 

them." , 

"Oh don't worrv about that, answered the borrower." 

"You see", I'm not a bookkeeper, I'm a 

plumber."


Heating and Plumbing Trade Outing 

"*JH 

MvH 

_____?' J 1^'fiH 

JOHN G. KELLY 

PRESIDENT 

•P_#V__J" t__HI' _B r\ I 

t*4 _>__f_/l H 

HABRY L. COHEN 

CHAIRMAN 

SAUL RENDELSTEIN 

JULIUS COHEN 

Greater New York Association of Jobbers Spend 

Joyus Day at Glenwood-on-the-Sound. Eek and 

Beefsteak Breakfast, Shore Dinner, Baseball Game 

Sports and African Golf Featured the Gathering 

T H E size of a man's heart is only determined by 

mental perception and this is particularly true 

of Harry L. Cohen, who had a great deal to do 

with uniting the jobbers of New York City and 

Brooklyn into an organization that is beneficial alike 

to the welfare of the manufacturer and the distributors 

of products in the plumbing and lieating line. It 

was through his good offices that the Greater New 

York Association of Jobbers of Plumbing and Steam 

Heating Supplies became a fixed fact. 

Its past presidents include A. K. Sage, of W. A. 

Case & Son Mfg. Co., Brooklyn, and Edward Smolka, 

of E. Smolka Plumbing Supply Co., New York City; 

and its honorary member is L. O. Koven, of L. O. 

Koven & Brother, Jersey City. The present officers 

are: President, J. G. Kelly, of Pierce, Butler & 

Pierce Mfg. Corp., New York City; vice-president, 

M. W T einsier, of Saltser & Weinsier, Brooklyn; treasurer. 

Henry Schumacher, of McElraevy & Hauck 

Co., Brooklyn; secretary, Frank S. Hanley, 261 

Broadway, New York City. The executive committee 

includes the officers and M. Behrer, of Behrer & 

Co., New York; F. H. Boardman, of J. D. Johnson 

Co., Brooklyn; C. V. Driggs, of C. V. Driggs, Inc., 

New York; H. D. Gasner, of Simon Gasner & Sons 

Co., Brooklvn; H. Greenberg, of Louis Greenberg, 

New York;C, O. Ketcham, of The F. N. Dubois Co., 

Inc., New York; E. A. London, of United Plumbers' 

Supply Co., New York, and Robert Smolka, of Sam 

S. Glauber, Inc., New York. 

At a meeting some time since President Kelly appointed 

Harry L. Cohen chairman of the outing committee 

with power to increase the size as required. 

Mr. Cohen is one of those happy mortals who though 

born without the use of his legs, has nevertheless the 

spirit, the courage and the intelligence to serve a most 

useful purpose, and yet he traveled about considerably 

on Cohen legs as Julius Cohen, one of the members 

of his committee, took him on his back and carried 

him to different points of the outing where the 

chairman should naturally be. Saul Rendelstein was 

treasurer of the committee and other members were 

Henry Gassner, E. Smolka, J. H. Willis and Frank 

S. Hanley. The last notice for the outing was to the 

effect that the party would congregate at the J. D. 

Johnson's plant at the end of the Queensboro Bridge, 

in Long Island City, where automobiles would take 

the party to Karatsonyi's Hotel, Glenwood-on-the- 

Sound. 

About 10 o'clock, in spite of unhappy weather conditions, 

the party started and before the day was 

over there was plenty of sunshine in the air as well 

as in the countenances of those who participated. 

There was a big turnout with plenty of automobiles 

to take the entire party. On the arrival the breakfast 

coupons were torn off from the ticket and after 

doing full justice to some splendidly served and prepared 

eels and fine beefsteak the party was ready for 

the baseball games and the athletic sports. President 

John G. Kelly acted as umpire in a game between the 

manufacturers and the jobbers, which finally resulted 

in a win for the manufacturers with a score of 12 to 7. 

It was a tie until the last inning, when Henry W. 

Letcher was sent in to bat with three men on the 

bases and a home run in the right field cleared the 

bases and added to the score and still another run 

was made which made the final score 12 to 7. Strange 

to say. nobody was dissatisfied. Mr. Letcher was 

given hearty applause.


At the close of the ball game Julius Cohen, aided 

by Saul Rendelstein and Henry Gassner, took care 

of the athletic sports and Arthur Berger, of George 

P. Jacobs, showed considerable speed for a fat man 

and was awarded a safety razor for his velocity in 

locomotion. Charles Shannon won the 100-yd. dash 

with something to spare and was awarded a pipe. 

The shot-put showed that George Potter had had 

considerable experience and practice as he almost 

doubled the distance by the otlier amateurs and as 

result was given an ash tray. The baseball team and 

Henry W. Letcher were all given fountain pens for 

winning their game. Then the party went back to 

Karatsonyi's and sat down to clams, chicken and 

everything that makes up a first-class shore dinner, 

and there was plenty of sociability and good spirit. 

No man expressed a wish for anything that was not 

served promptly by some one of his fellow members 

and at the close of the dinner Frank Hanley asked 

for some quietness and got a merry ha-ha! Yet when 

he said that Harry L. Cohen wanted to award the 

prizes, immediately the good-will and the respect for 

Mr. Cohen was manifested in quietness and afforded 

him the opportunity to award the prizes. 

This closed the festivities, although some mention 

should be made of the fact that some splendid prizes 

were secured by those who indulged in African golf 

and there was another great American game which 

left some lighter and some heavier in the pocket, so 

that the day was well spent by everybody and the 

parting was made with good feeling all around. 

Milwaukee Sheet Metal Contractors 

President O. A. Hoffman was in the chair at the 

regular August meeting of the Master Sheet Metal 

Contractors' Association of Milwaukee, Wis., and announced 

the election of Eugene Stachowiak, Charles 

Mueller and Kehm & Burbach as new members. The 

members were informed that John Bogenberger, chairman 

of the Trade Development Committee, was desirous 

of having reports to that committee, including the 

drawings and specifications, in his hands in November. 

It was also ordered that the secretary call attention 

in the notice of the next meeting to the advertising 

being done in the Sentinel's Trade Review. On motion 

of John Bogenberger, seconded by E. B. Tonnsen, 

the committee was authorized to investigate the advisability 

of insuring with the Hardware Mutual Association. 

The committee appointed for the work was 

Paul L. Biersaeh, chairman, and Edward Hoffman. 

The picnic committee reported that everything was 

ready for the annual outing at Mequon on Aug. 11. 

Trenton Plumbers' Outing August 17 

Announcement is made by the outing committee of 

the Trenton Master Plumbers' Association, consisting 

of W. S. Dignan, Daniel Sisti and Herman Westphal, 

that the annual outing will be held in Springdale Park 

on Tuesday, Aug. 17, and that the dinner will be 

served at 1:00 P. M. daylight saving time and the 

purpose of the committee is to have every one amply 

provided for. It is the intention to have everybody 

on the grounds as early as possible so as to make it a 

219 

real day of pleasure with no shop talk allowed. At 

3 :00 o'clock there will be a baseball match between the 

salesmen and the master plumbers. There is the further 

statement: "If you can break blue rocks, bring 

your gun along." This i.s the character of a sporting 

event whicli has not had the attention at outings that 

might well be given it. Those who arrive in Trenton 

are advised to take the Yardville trolley at State and 

Broad Streets and to be at the grounds on time The 

tickets are $5 each and can be secured on payment 

from W. S. Dignan, 256 Spring Street. Trenton, 

N. J. 

S 

Activities for Maryland Plumbers and Friends 

"On our way down the bay, don't forget the outing 

day, Tuesday, Aug. 17," is the way the invitation is 

being sent to the members of the Master Plumbers' 

Association of the State of Marvland. 

THIS will be the day of all days". It's the annual outing 

of the Association of Master Plumbers at Altoona Beach, 

Stony Creek. 

This is the outing vou voted for, to be given to all members 

of our association complimentary—absolutely free of 

cost to you. 

SPECIAL—Bring your wives, sweethearts and friends. Let 

them enjoy this pleasure with you beeause Plumbei-dom 

always does things right. Just recall the good time we 

had at our last outing. This is going to be better than the 

last one. 

This will cost your family and friends one dollar and 

twenty-five cents per capita. 

FUN FOR ALL BY OUR PEP COMMITTEE—Our "jazz band" 

will be tnere in all its glory. Dancing on boat and grounds. 

Special entertainment feature for ladies will exceed that 

of last year. Come and be a prize winner. 

Men, we like to see you race and do other stunts for 

that box of cigars. 

ALL IN ALL IT'S GOING TO BE SOME DAY—Buffet 

luncheon. 

Let's go—The way to go is on the steamer leaving the 

Stonv Creek Steamboat Co. wharf on the west side of the 

Recreation Pier, foot of Broadway, Baltimore, Md., at 2 

p. m., returning, leave Altoona Beach at 8:30 p. m. Tickets 

can be had from the chairman of the outing committee. 

Get them at once at his place of business or at our next 

regular meeting on Aug. 12. This is very important, we 

can't make a success unless you act promptly. 

Hip Hip Hurray—Root for the success of this occasion. 

Peanuts in abundance. 

Arrangements have been made for the care and parking 

of autos. 

SUPPORT YOUR COMMITTEE. 

Yours for success, 

WM. F. MYERS, Chairman, 

'Phone Madison 7299. 238 Wilson Street. 

ALLEN W. BEAM, THEO. BUNNECKE, SAM E. HOUCK. CHAS. 

Unfilled T. KING, L. Tonnage B. MARSHALL, of Sheet WM. F. Producers 

MYLANDER. 

AUG. V. EIDMAN. 

Independent sheet producers identified with the 

National Association of Sheet and Tin Plate Manufacturers 

are booked ahead for the rest of the year, it 

was stated at the monthly meeting in Youngstown. 

Ao-gregate unfilled tonnage on books of affiliated makersis 

in excess of 800,000 tons, wliich compares with 

a monthly production capacity of 150,000 tons. Unshipped 

output is about 100,000 tons. Production is 

averaging 70 per cent. Walter W. Lower, of Pittsburgh, 

secretary-treasurer, was in charge of the convention 

in the absence of President W. S. Horner.

220 METALWORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCUST 13. 1920 

THE GLOBE METAL PRODUCTS CORPORATION, Sheboy 


gan, Wis., has increased its capital stock from 

$200,000 to $300,000 to finance extensions now being 

completed and accommodate its increasing 


business. 

THE EDWARDS MFG. Co., Third and Eggleston Avenues, 

Cincinnati, metal products for building construction, 

is having plans prepared for a four-story 


building. 95 x 305 ft. 

THE CANADIAN INCINERATOR & FURNACE CO., LTD., 

E. F. HAYDEN, who travels through Maine in the inToronto. 

Ont.. has been awarded the contract for 

terest of the plumbing and heating supply lines car an oil-burning plate furnace to be erected in the 

ried by the Smith & Abbott Co.. Portland, Me., an boiler shop of the E. Leonard & Sons. Ltd.. Lonnounces 

that he finds it impossible this year to atdon, Ont. The conipany is adding up-to-date equiptend 

the annual field day of the Maine Master ment to its plant for stamping boiler heads, etc. 

Plumbers' Association, which will occur on Aug. 16. 

The question naturally arises: How can it be successful, 

and the answer is that the Maine Sales New England Foundries Short of Coke 

men's Association will exert themselves to prevent 

In former years some of the largest foundries in 

any shortage of good spirit and an effort to develop 

New England always carried large coke reserve stocks. 

more real enjoyment with so popular a member of 

To-day there is no such thing. A great majority of 

the force awav. Mr. Ha3'den says business con 

the foundries have not more than one month's supply 

tinues good but the conditions under which it is 

on hand, and in some instances not more than a week's. 

handled are distressing, alike to the man who takes 

The latter are simply struggling along on the edge 

the order and the man who gives it. It is also clear 

of an enforced shutdown. The situation is not spotty, 

that he is one of the America First men in his ob 

but general throughout New England. 

servations in reference to the coming election. 

Present indications are the coke supply situation 

H. A. ERKKSON has engaged with the American Heat 

will continue strained for several months. The New 

ing Supply Co.. Rockford. 111., and is in cliarge of 

England Coal & Coke Co., during and since the war, 

the construction department which, he writes, has 

has supplied the bulk of foundry coke consumed. To 

all the work it can handle. 

day it is operating but 260 of its -t00 ovens and pro 

S. GREENBAUM, president of the Ideal Sheet Metal 

ducing not more than 1,400 tons average per day. Of 

Works, 217 North Morgan Street. Chicago, 111., 

this 1,400 tons, between 500 and 600 tons are shipped 

took an auto trip in Michigan last week, combin 

to foundries, the rest being consigned to public utiliing 

business with pleasure. 

ties that must be kept operating notwithstanding the 

D. HANDELAN, who conducts a combination shop in 

Aberdeen, S. D., was a visitor to Chicago last 

shortage of bituminous. 

The New England Coal & Coke Co. could operate 

week in the interest of a new warm-air furnace 

more ovens provided it could secure coking coals. Re 

system that he has designed and patented. 

cently it paid $20.90 per ton for coal alongside Ever 

E. H. TEMPLETON, of Buck Stove & Range Co.. St. 

ett, Mass., as compared with $20.90 per ton, its de 

Louis, Mo., has been enjoying a short vacation at 

Troutsville, Colo., in connection with a Western 

livered price on foundry coke where the freight does 

business trip. 

not exceed $2.40 per ton. With bituminous selling at 

$17 to $18 per ton f. o. b. Hampton Roads, which 

SHEET METAL AND FURNACE IN means $21 to $22 alongside Boston, it does not look 

as though coke will be more plentiful and cheaper in 

DUSTRY 

the near future. 

THE ROHN FURNACE WORKS, INC., Portland, has The Providence Gas Co. is having its difficulties in 

been incorporated for $10,000 by C. A. Rohn, W. securing coking coals even at going market prices and 

D. Richards and others. It will manufacture fur recently was obliged to cut its production 40 per cent. 

naces and machinery. 

Some Connellsville coke is selling to and finding its 

way into New England, but general transportation 

conditions are such that the uncertainties attending 

the purchase of such coke are so great as to discourage 

any pronounced buving movement. 

THE FORT PAYNE STOVE & FOUNDRY CO., Fort Pavne, 

Ala., is planning to immediately rebuild its plant, 

recently destroyed by fire. 

THE M. & S. RADIATOR CO.. Albany. N. Y., has been 

organized by (J. E. and A. N. Sperry to manufacture 

radiators for automobiles and other sheet metal 

products. 

THE PLANT AND BUSINESS of the Maryland Pressed 

Steel Co., Hagerstown, Md.. a subsidiary of the 

Poole Engineering & Machine Co., Woodberry, Baltimore, 

has been acquired by new interests. The 

purchasers will continue operations as heretofore, 

specializing in the manufacture of pressed steel 

parts. A new department will be added for the 

manufacture of electrical machinery and parts. 

New Classification Lists Available 

The National Association of Waste Material Dealers, 

with office in the Times Building, New York City, 

has prepared two classifications covering old metals 

and scrap rubber, which can be secured by addressing 

the secretary, Charles M. Haskins. Tliose who deal 

in old metals and old rubber and other material may 

be interested as these classifications are expected to 

be effective until July 1. 1921.


Furnace Makers' 

Proceedings Issued 

The bound volume of the proceedings of the seventh 

annual convention of the National Warm-Air 

Heating and Ventilating Association, held in Cleveland 

April 21, has been sent to the members by Secretary 

Allen W. Williams. It gives a list of those 

who were in attendance and also a list of trade names 

on furnaces and asks for additional names and corrections. 

It contains interesting matter brought to 

attention by President W. G. Wise, communications 

which include an editorial from METAL WORKER, 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER, the report of the secretary 

and the executive committee with its budget 

of expense. Then follow the addresses made by 

Professor A. C. Kratz and V. S. Day. who conducted 

the research work at the Engineering Experimental 

Station of the L'niversity of Illinois, Urbana, 111., and 

this part of the book contains much valuable information. 

There are also papers on "Keresone as a Fuel 

for Home Heating'' by A. B. Frenier of the Steam 

Corporation of Chicago; on "The General Proposition 

of Credits" by B. G. Watson, the association 

counsel; "The Commercial Side of Our Industry" 

by Edward Norris of the Utica Heater Co., and matters 

on testing the pipeless furnace by Professor 

Willard. Other papers are "The Industrial Side of 

Our Industry" bv W. D. Cover of Schill Bros. Co., 

Crestline, Ohio, and the presentation and discussion 

of the contract with the University of Illinois. 

Probable Increased Cost of Iron and Steel 

No verv clear line vet is to be had on the probable 

increase in costs which is entailed in the new railroad 

freight rates which become effective probably on September 

1. Some of the independent steel companies 

figure that the new tariffs will mean increases in the 

cost of producing steel of $2 to $5 per ton, but such 

estimates are based upon the rather incomplete data 

that as yet are available. When the actual rates are 

made up, it may prove tbat such estimates, particularly 

of $5 per "ton. are too high, for attention is being'drawn 

to the fact that the increases do not weigh 

heavily upon ore or coal. The freight rate on ore 

from the mines to the upper lake docks is not to be 

changed and coal freight rates are not given a straight 

percentage boost, but are to be increased in groups 

though the increase may be sufficient to yield the same 

aggregate increase in revenue that would accrue to a 

flat percentage increase applicable to all fields. 

Figuring on the 40 per cent increase granted the 

railroads in the Eastern group, it is calculated that 

Valley pipe-iron producers are confronted with an 

increase in costs of about $1.50 per ton, varying with 

the age and average producing costs of the different 

stacks. Good practice in a modern furnace making 

basic iron would entail the use of 1.8 tons of ore, 

about 1 ton of coke and about 1,400 lb. of limestone. 

A 40 per cent increase on the present rates for these 

quantities would add 58 cents to the cost of the ore 

required, 72 cents in the cost of getting a ton of coke 

to the Valley furnaces and 24 cents to the charge for 

transporting the limestone. This makes a total of 

$1.54 and applies only to basic iron, where costs are 

lowest. On Bessemer and foundry grades the costs 

would be higher because of the greater amount of fuel 

required in making these grades. 

In view of the fact that most steel company blast 

furnaces are fairly modern and capable of low costs 

through good practice, it would seem as if $1.50 amply 

would cover the increase in freight costs, and with 

allowance for losses in the conversion of the iron into 

steel that an advance in the latter cost of $5 per ton 

is somewhat larger than necessary to cover the increased 

rates. 

It may be stated that some of the independent 

companies already are figuring the increased freight 

rates in their quotations, but the course of the United 

States Steel Corporation in the matter is not clear, 

although the impression is gained that it will continue 

to quote the March 21, 1919. prices and absorb the 

rise in the cost of production. 

Excelsior Salesmen Meet 

An important conference of salesmen of the Excelsior 

Steel Furnace Co. was held in Chicago last 

week for the purpose of considering ways and means 

of marketing the Excelsior monopipe pedestal 

register. 

This heating device has been sold in large numbers 

during the past two years in connection with Excelsior 

furnaces, but will, in future, be furnished separately 

and as soon as a sufficient number can be 

accumulated a campaign of publicity will be launched 

whicli will bring the attention of dealers and the 

public to the merits claimed for it by tbe makers. 

It is asserted that due to the almost complete ab 

sence of friction the circulation obtained with this 

register is so rapid that great economy in the consumption 

of fuel is secured. 

The warm air is discharged at a point 12 in. above 

the floor and tliere is no conflict between the warm 

and return air currents. 

The apparatus is not only a heating device but an 

artistic piece of furniture which will ornament any 

room. It is made wholly of metal. 

Those participating in the conference, which lasted 

three days, were C, L. Pontius, A. Kuntz; S. E. Colby, 

F E. Woollev, C. L. Burch, Joseph Goldberg, \. . K 

Lawson, Leonard Snowden. J. P. Brooks. R. W. 

Menk. F. E. Ford, A. G. Scherer, C. E. Glessner and 

A. W. Glessner. 

Owing to vacations and other matters, several salesmen 

of the company were unable to be present, but 

will be called together at a later date. 

Excelsior representatives who have been oft the 

road for some time will resume traveling at once. 

Mathematics 

Add the good features 

Subtract the bad ones 

Divide by tbe price 

Multiply by tlie demand 

Total—Satisfied customers 

Increased profits.

METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTEl! AUGUST 13, 1920 


THE JULV NUMBER of the Monthly Service Bulletin 

of the National Trade Extension Bureau is, as 

usual, full of suggestions and instructions from 

which the plumbing and heating contractor can derive 

a profit if he will utilize them. There is something 

on bookkeeping, methods of selling, use of 

telephone to make sales, samples of advertisements. 

and it is accompanied with an article which gives 

the experience of a salesman who was in need of a 

job that salesmen may read with advantage. It 

seems to serve all who are identified with the industry 

in any way. 

THE SIPHON-VALVE FLUSH CO., Allentown, Pa., has 

been organized to manufacture valves, flush tanks 

and kindred specialties. It is headed by Charles 

L. Lehnert, Catasauqua, and Joseph P. Seeds, Allentown. 

THE MILWAUKEE BOILER Co., 220 Oregon Street. 

Milwaukee, established 30 years ago, is succeeded 

by the Milwaukee Boiler Mfg. Co., capitalized at 

$200,000, organized to further develop the industry. 

It is negotiating for a site for a new plant, 

the present works having been outgrown and not 

being capable of adequate enlargement. Construction 

work probably will be undertaken before the 

end of the year. Officers of the new corporation 

are: President and general manager, W. D. Johnson; 

vice-president. Otto A. Ehbe; secretary-treasurer. 

Walter F. Mueller, all of whom have been 

associated with the old concern for many years. 

The conipany will continue to specialize in the manufacture 

of large boilers, tanks and heavy plate 

work. 

THE AMERICAN BLOWER CO. has purchased the foundry 

of the Lane & Bodley Co. at Tennessee Avenue 

and the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad in the Bond 

Hill section of Cincinnati. It is stated that it contemplates 

the removal of its foundry department 

from Detroit to this city. Labor conditions in Detroit 

are said to have had a great deal to do with 

the decision of the company to locate in Cincinnati. 

The property purchased includes 21 acres, with 

buildings containing about 90.000 sq. ft. of floor 

space. It is the intention to take immediate possession 

of the property and by the first of the year 

500 men will be employed. 

THE VAPOR STOVE Co., Lima. Ohio, is planning for a 

one-s'tory plant. 100 x 200 ft., for the nianufacture 

of oil-burning equipment. W. DeKalb Holland 

Block, is engineer. 

FOR THE BENEFIT OF LSERS of Eveready welding and 

cutting apparatus who desire special information on 

any particular phase of the industry, tlie Oxweld 

Acetylene Co., 3610 Jasper Place. Chicago. 111.. 

announces a series of small printed pamphlets containing 

matter excerpted from the Eveready instruction 

book and catalog. Among the subjects 

readv for distribution are: Directions for Operating 

Lead Burning Equipment, 12 pages; for 

Welding. 12 pages, and for Cutting. S pages. Each 

pamphlet contains a detailed list of parts comprising 

the equipment treated. 

THE ABRAM Cox STOVE CO., 736-738 West Monroe 

Street, Chicago, 111., is issuing a new catalog under 

the number 73, which comprehensively illustrates 

its line of Novelty warm air pipeless and combination 

furnaces, room lieaters, coal and combination 

ranges, heating stoves, hot water supply and laundry 

boilers, round, side seam sectional and smokeless 

steam and hot water boilers, Fortune gas ranges 

and gas water heaters. These products form a remarkably 

complete line from whicli the dealer can 

make his selection, no matter what type of apparatus 

is called for. The Novelty cooking and heating 

appliances are all made from flex-o-tuf iron, 

which is made under an exclusive process developed 

by the company's engineers and in which the highest 

grades of pig iron are so blended that the castings 

possess a remarkable degree of toughness and 

flexibility. As the dealer is freely assisted by the 

advertising service and engineering department, 

these goods present an interesting proposition for 

the trade. 

THE ESDA MFG. Co., 280 Madison Avenue, New York 

City, manufacturers of hot water heaters, gas appliances, 

etc., has leased a plant at Garwood, N. J., 

formerly occupied by the Powers & Robinson Co.. 

for new works. 

FROELICH BROTHERS, INC., 147 North Seventh Street. 

Philadelphia, manufacturer of pipe, plumbing 

equipment, fittings, etc., has awarded contract to 

Potts Brothers & Cooperson, 129 North Eleventh 

Street, for a one-story building on Tenth Street. 

near Erie Avenue, 30 x 113 ft. 

THE IDEAL HEAT & DRAFT REGULATOR CO., 419 East 

Twenty-second Street. New York City, manufacturer 

of heating equipment, has filed notice of dissolution 

under its New York charter. 

THE LANGE BOILER CO., Elyria, Ohio, has been incorporated 

with a capital stock of $100,000 by H. 

J. Lange, Lorain; J. A. Lucas, Elyria, and others. 

It contemplates the erection of a plant for the 

manufacture of steam and hot water boilers. 

THE RUXD MANUFACTURING CO., Pittsburgh, manufacturer 

of water heaters, has purchased for $20.- 

000 two properties in Smallman and Mulberry 

Streets, near the company's plant for later use for 

manufacturing purpo.ses. The properties are improved 

with eight brick buildings. 

THE WILLIAM E. WILLIAMS VALVE CORPORATION has 

been incorporated with a capital of $100,000 by 

William E. Williams of 62 Front Street, New York. 

for the purpose of manufacturing valves and other 

products of a similar nature. 

A COPY OF THE NEW CATALOG of the Andrews Heating 

Co., Minneapolis. Minn., illustrating the Andrews 

sy.stem of heating, plumbing, water supply 

and sewage disposal which includes its vertical and 

locomotive types of boilers, thermostats, furnaces, 

air pressure water supply equipment, eleanouts, 

heating systems, septic tanks, plumbing fixtures 

and gas tanks, should be obtained bv everv plumbing 

and heating contractor.

AUGUST 13, 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

THE DAYTON PUMP & MFG. CO., Dayton, Ohio, will 

increase its capitalization from $1,300,000 to $1,- 

500,000 to complete several new buildings now under 

construction, made necessary by expanding 

business. 

THE PETROLEUM HEAT & POWER CO., New York, has 

been incorporated with a capital of $500,000 by 

F. M. Forbes, S. Whitaker and R. Adamson, 511 

Fifth Avenue, to manufacture oil-burning appliances. 

It has a plant at Stamford, Conn., and will 

build a one-story foundry addition at an early date. 

THE GROWTH OF THE ECONOMY SCALE REMOVER CO., 

Chicago Heights, 111., has made it necessary to 

have larger quarters. To accomplish this, it has 

purchased a large fireproof building at Twentythird 

Street and C. & E. I. tracks, in that city, and 

is having the structure remodelled to suits its requirements. 

THE JOSAM MFG. CO., Michigan City, Ind., is bringing 

to the attention of the trade using floor drains 

and traps in cement floors the fact that in a suit 

against an infringer on the patents covering its 

trap, it is found that it is entitled to have the 

profits and recover them from the infringer and 

the infringer is enjoined from further production 

of the devices which are an infringement on the 

patent owned by the company. 

New^Merger in Earthenware Field 

On Aug. 2 the American Sanitary Works of Washington, 

N. J., and the Bellmark Co., of Trenton, N. 

J., merged into one company and will be known in 

the future as the B. O. T. Mfg. Co., with office and 

showroom at Trenton, N. J. 

The Bellmark plant of the B. O. T. Mfg. Co. is a 

modern pottery, fully equipped with new devices to 

methodically manufacture and handle vitreous china 

water-closet outfits. The American Sanitary Works' 

plant of the B. O. T. Mfg. Co. is arranged to manufacture 

high-grade plumbers' woodwork and brass 

fittings for water-closets. 

The trade is requested to address all communications 

to the Trenton office, where every request will 

receive prompt and careful attention, and with new 

arrangements for efficiency and service, further patronise 

ean be handled to the satisfaction of the customers. 

The B. O. T. Mfg. Co. is exclusive manufacturer 

of "B. O. T." and staple water-closet outfits, and as 

all its efforts are in the interest of water-closet construction, 

and its officers and managers all practical, 

experienced men, the company believes it can serve 

the trade to mutual advantage and profit. The officers 

are: B. O. Tilden, president; H. O. Mayo, 

vice-president and assistant treasurer, and H. W. 

Keen, treasurer. 

Eastern Golfers to Play at Yountakah 

Through the courtesy of L. H. Rothwell, the members 

of the Eastern Trade Golf Association will hold 

the second meet of the year on the course of the Yountakah 

Golf Club near Nutley, N. J., which can be 

readily reached by a trolley from Newark and it is 

not far from one of the stations on the Erie Railroad. 

Several years ago the association played over this 

course under different conditions because there were 

some players who had high ball at every hole, which 

seems to be an impossible thing under'present conditions. 

The men will be followed by caddies in all 

probability, but there is doubt that 'there will be a 

waiter with the necessary bottle, the siphon and the 

ice. However, enthusiasts of the association will find 

this no hardship and will be out after the generous 

prizes that are up to be played for with all of the 

earnestness that has enabled the association to maintain 

the leading position among the trade golf associations. 

Outlook on Prices in Heating Field 

The trade is receiving the following letter from F. 

Meyer & Bro. Co., Peoria, 111.: 

The railroad workers of the country got .$600,000,000 

slipped to them recently—and they are peeved that it 

wasn't twice that much. 

As this is being written, a lot of people are getting 

nervous about next winter's coal and the price it will cost 

because the miners don't like the wage awards and are on 

strike again for another raise. 

The railroads insist that they must have a raise in freight 

and passenger rates to cover the six hundred million (gosh, 

that's "sum" money!) and the coal operators will magnanimously 

allow General Public to dig up the increase the 

miners will get. O yes—they'll get it; don't worry about 

that! 

A wholesale grocer told us the other day that the food 

prices for next fall and winter would make to-day's regular 

prices look like fire-sale bargains; and automobiles and 

gasoline are still going up the price "hills" ''on high." In 

fact, most things, including business in general, are "looking 

up." 

Materials are still hard to get, orders are still hard to 

fill, freight cars are still few and far between, and a lot of 

factories, including our own, are still working overtime 

trying to keep up with orders. (Pardon so many "stills" 

in drv weather.) 

The above is all a preamble to this: September and cool 

weather will soon be here; prices will not come down and 

can be expected to advance; you will have to have "Handy" 

pipe and other installation materials and the safest assurance 

of getting them is to send us your orders just as far 

in advance as possible. We are taking all possible care 

of all orders, but in self-interest you'd better "play safe." 

An Acknowledgment of Value 

JOHN J. SCAXNELL 

Sheet Metal Worker, Plumber and Lead Burner 

12 Center Street, Franklin, Pa. 

July 31, 19-20. 

Mr. Frank K. Chew, Editor, 

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER, 



DEAR SIR: , „ , .. . 

Enclosed I am sending a check for my subscription to 

MET\L WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER and am glad 

to add that I always look forward to its coming. 

In the last 20 or 25 vears I have been reading it I have 

gained a lot of knowledge from it. A.s the result of some 

advertising I found in it I took up a course of instruction 

hi Gray's School in sheet metai pattern drafting and now 

bave nearly completed the course, with a great deal ot 

Iexpect to he in Xew York some time soon and intend 

to make vou a visit. 


(Signed) JOHN J. SCANNELL.

224 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER ACCL-ST 13, 1920 

The Warm Air Furnace of the Future 

The paper by R. W. Menk presented in the issue 

of July 30 interested us greatly and prompted me to 

write, says a letter from Howard Miller, president 

of Frederick Sabin & Co., 239 Broad Street, Philadelphia, 

Pa. He sent other matter, suggestive that 

one solution for the problem of combustion may be 

found in bringing warmed or heated air into contact 

with the gases rising from the incandescent fuel. 

The company makes what is called the King Koal 

Karburetor and gives the results of tests made by 

Professor W. A. Sloan of the Experimental Engineering 

Department of the University of Pennsylvania, 

wliich showed that during a test of 9 hr. a 

saving of I 2-3 lb. of coal per hr. was effected by 

the use of the King Koal Karburetor in the accomplishment 

of the same amount of work and also a 

reduction in the amount of carbon monoxide found 

in the flue gas. With coal both scarce and very much 

higher in price than in former times, more interest is 

being shown, by the men who sell heating apparatus 

and their customers, in the consumption of fuel in a 

way that will effect a saving. 

Steel to be Shipped in American Bottoms 

Export shipments of iron and steel products are 

likely to be sent more freely abroad in American 

vessels as the result of a provision in the new merchant 

marine act specifying that export railroad rates 

to ports whieh are lower than domestic rates do not 

apply on shipments transported in foreign bottoms. 

The act defines foreign bottoms as vessels in which 

less than 50 per cent of the ownership is held by 

citizens of the L'nited States. 

Announcement of the changes made in the export 

situation by the provisions of the act was made by H. 

D. Rhodehouse, manager of the traffic bureau of the 

Youngstown Chamber of Commerce, Youngstown, O., 

who said that only Pacific coast ports are affected at 

present by the rate clause. The war resulted in 

changes of rates to Atlantic ports wliich made domestic 

and export rates uniform, but export business is 

still given preferential rates to Pacific ports. 

Although preferential rates for export prevailed to 

Atlantic ports previous to the war the railroads have 

made no effort to re-establish them since the signing 

of the armistice. 

Salesmen Convene 

The Western salesmen of Rathbone-Sard & Co., 

makers of "Acorn" stoves and ranges, met in Aurora, 

111., Aug. _ to 6, preparatory to going back on the 

road. The conferences were presided over by John 

D. Green, vice-president and general manager, and 

valuable ideas were brought out by the manufacturing 

side to aid the sales force in their coming work, the 

salesmen reported what they had found in their calls 

on the trade. The cooking results of a demonstration 

of a range were consumed by those present, which 

proved the "Acorn's" ability to make satisfying and 

tasty dishes. 

OBITUARY 

Death of Frank C. Jennings 

In the death of Frank C. Jennings at the home of 

his brother, Henry Jennings, Bloomfield, N. J., there 

passed away the last relative of the founders actively 

participating in the management of the old tin plate 

and metal house established in New York over a century 

ago by Bruce & Cook. Mr. Jennings was stricken 

by apoplexy last November and was confined to the 

liouse until his death on Friday, Aug. 6. Like his 

brothers, Spencer and Philander R. Jennings, who at 

one time managed the business, he had passed his 60th 

year but a short time. He was the younger of the 

tliree brothers who, after 

completing their education, 

entered the employ 

of the firm and later became 

members of it. The 

early activities of Frank 

C. Jennings were in the 

accounting department 

and naturallv his later 

activities were largely in 

the financial management. 

The house was one 

of the largest importers 

of tin plate and pig tin, 

previous to the establishment 

of the American tin 

plate industry, its headquarters 

being at 190 

Water Street, where John 

M. Bruce first started the 

FRANK C. JENNINGS 

business. He was well 

known among the manufacturers and distributors of 

tin plate, sheet.s, metals and supplies. 

A man of genial, kindly disposition and well qualified 

for his responsible duties, he continued the custom 

of the house of taking care of the interests of the 

smaller trade and particularlv during the exacting 

conditions caused by the recent war. There are many 

successful tradesmen who got their start with the 

credit given by Bruce & Cook, some of whom have 

traded with the house more tban a half century. A 

mail's character was held as sound a basis for. credit 

as his possessions and it is this side of the firm that 

many hold in highest esteem. 

He gave his active support to church work and was 

a Presbyterian. He was an enthusiastic golfer and a 

winner of many cups. He was a charter member of 

the Eastern Trade Golf Association and took an active 

interest in its activities. He belonged to several 

clubs and advocated friendly relations in the trade. 

The funeral was private. Mrs. Jennings and his 

brother, Henry Jennings, survive him. 

Death Edwin A. Eichel 

Edwin A. Eichel, a member of the firm of Eichel & 

Co., sales agents for plumbing goods in Richmond, 

Va., died on July 31. Mr. Eichel had been associated 

with his brother. Mann C. Eichel, and made 

specialties of the output of the National Pipe & 

Foundry Co.. The Grabler Mfg. Co., Mark Mfg. 

Co. and M. S. Little Mfg. Co. He was well known 

in the trade as a genial, whole-souled man and his 

death will be learned of with sorrow by many friends.

AUGUST 13. 1.20 


Wakeman B. Henion Dead 

Wakeman B. Henion. president and founder of 

Henion & Hubbell, Chicago, died at his home, 1839 

Kenwood Avenue, on Aug. 3, aged 77. He was born 

in Seneca Falls, N. Y., and had spent his entire business 

life in the pump industry. For 15 years he was. 

identified with the Goulds Manufacturing Co. and 

later with the Silver & Deming Mfg. Co., Salem, Ohio. 

for about 10 years. In 1887, when this organization 

broke up, he organized the Henion & Hubbell Co., 

which was incorporated in 1901. He was the first and 

only president of the company, which is a charter 

member of the Central Supply Association and the 

National Pipe and Supplies Association. Mr. Henion 

was a veteran of the Civil W r ar, a life member of the 

Union League Club, Chicago, a charter member of the 

Flossmoor Country Club and a member of the Kenwood 

Club. 

Funeral services were conducted at his late residence 

Aug. -1 and interment was at Seneca Falls, N. Y. 

Death of Isham Randolph 

Isham Randolph, widelv known in Chicago engineering 

circles, died on Aug. 2 at his home at the 

age of 72 years. While chief engineer of the sanitary 

district of Chicago, he directed the building of the 

drainage canal. He served in this capacity from 

1893 to 1907, and has been identified since with many 

national and civic engineering projects. Another of 

his important works was the Obelisk Dam above the 

225 

Horse Shoe Falls at Niagara, which revolutionized 

dam construction in this country. 

Funeral services were held at St. Paul's Episcopal 

Church. Fiftieth Street and Dorchester Avenue, 

Aug. 1, and interment was at Old Chapel, Virginia, 

Mr. Randolph's boyhood home. He is survived by his 

widow and a son. Robert I. Randolph 

Courage 

Where is your record of yesterday ? 

Is it near the top, or low? 

Well, what does it matter anyway. 

If you've watched the score and know? 

The biggest men in the world today 

Began—and some jobs were mean— 

But they won because they were willing to 

The game out fair and clean. 

They cared not a whit that the odds were long 

For their faith in themselves was fine; 

They faced the mark with a courage strong 

And headed straight for the line. 

It's playing the big game right that pays, 

It's not what you win, but how. 

So forget to regard the wasted days. 

Start right on a new one NOW. 

—JANE BATES, in Forbes Magazine (N. Y.) 



the now discountenanced report by the church folks. 

Pipe, tin plate and sheets are still awaiting shipment. 

Black and Galvanized Sheets—Supply picking up on demand. 

The advance in stove and furnace prices seems certain 

Tin Plate—Demand exceeds receipts. 

to come, though no amount or date has been set. 

Tin—Stagnant. 

It is common for buyers to visit the market to see 

Copper—Inactive and unchanged. 

if needed goods can be procured and not to get quota 

Lead—Quiet and prices strong. 

tions as formerly. The man xcho has stock is regarded 

Zinc—No new inquiries. Prices firmer. 

as fortunate and shipments are taken in without ob 

Antimony—Dull. 

jection. Yet there is no attempt to charge more than 

Foundry Coke—Spot demand decreased. Continued pro- 

the safe and customary percentage of profit by any 

rluci' < • c. .in . i imrovement. 

Linseed Oil—Quiet and prices irregular. 

of the factors in the trade. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Lighter demand. 

Goods Scarce antl Distribution Execrable 


New York.—A development in the Eastern market was 

fllThere is nothing in the present market condithe 

advance in the price of Virginia iron by the leading 

Jl tions that adds to the pleasure of doing busi 

producers there from $17 to $50 base at furnace. Producers 

ness. Increased freight rates will be reflected in are all not a unit a.s to thc policy of advancing prices, some of 

prices and better railroad service will be much delayed. them taking a conservative view and feeling that it would 

In consequence, those who distribute sanitary equip be better if prices did not go higher. So little iron can be 

ment are having increased troubles and only through had for this year's delivery that the prices made on tin- 

friendly relations and helping one another are custosmall 

amounts that are sold are chiefly significant of what 

mer's needs supplied after some delay and expense. i.s in store as the basis of 1921 purchases. Some re-sale 

iron is still being sold in spite of recent statements that 

The prospect that coke prices may soften has not de 

most of that which was made in Buffalo furnaces had been 

terred blast furnaces from advancing pig Aon prices 

taken off the market. There is still some unsatisfied demand 

$2. In the steel centers labor conditions are tranquil for this year's iron but very little is offered. Considerable 

regardless of new propaganda by the extremists and variation in prices is reported, foundries that have long 

bought from particular fi»rnaees being given lower prices

226 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 13, 1920 

than buyers who come into the market to piece out their supply. 

Some important sellers are not inclined to do business 

for next vear owing to the uncertainty as to coke prices. 

Sales of foundry coke have been made at $19 to $20 at ovens 

and furnace coke is sold at $18 and $19, a basis that wipes 

out all ordinary calculations. That such prices can long be 

made the basis of contracts for eastings is doubted and yet 

relief from the inordinate prices for fuel is not in evidence. 

We quote for deliverv in the New York district as follows: 

East. Pa., Nn. 1 fdv. sil. 275 to 3.25 $52.80 

East. Pa., No. 2X fdv., sil. 2.25 to 2.75 51.05 to 52.05 

East Pa.. No. 2 fdv., 1.75 to 2 25 49.80 to 50.80 

No. 2, Virginia sil. 1.75 to 2.25 51.40 to 53.40 

Chicago- The market is not nearly so active as it was 

a week or two ago, yet the demand for prompt and fourthquarter 

tonnages of foundry and malleable is of fair proportions. 

The Virginia company has advanced its quotation 

on foundry to $50 base, furnace, on first quarter shipments, 

but thus far has taken no business at that price in this territory. 

Several furnaces in the Birmingham district have 

withdrawn from the market after taking moderate tonnages 

for 1921. Two of the leading producers continue to quote 

$12 base. The Red River furnace has withdrawn from tne 

market to determine the effect of the rate advance on its 

costs. 

The following quotations are for iron delivered at consumers' 




Northern coke. No. 1, 2.25 to 2.75 last half $48.25 

Northern coke, No. 1 spot 48.25 

Northern coke foundry, No. 2 sil. 1.75 to 2.25 last half 46.00 


Southern coke No. 1 foundry and No. 1 soft, sil. 2.75 

to 3.25 50.20 

Southern coke No. 2 foundry, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 48.70 

Southern foundry sil. 1.75 to 2.25 ! 47.00 

Philadelphia.—Pronounced scarcity of all grades of pig 

iron, with a continuing upward trend of prices, characterizes 

the market. Many of the eastern Pennsylvania furnaces 

are out of the market for the remainder of this year, 

and such as have any iron to sell are asking prices above 

those quoted a week or so ago. Unless there should be a 

marked contraction in manufacturing operations which require 

foundry iron, all indications point to an acute scarcity 

of this grade during the fall and winter. The scarcity of 

basic pig iron is almost as acute. 


vards in Philadelphia or vicnity: 

East. Pa., No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil $48.90 to $50.10 

East. Pa.. No. 2X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 50.90 to 51.35 

Virginia No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2 75 sil 54.10 

Virginia No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 55.35 

Cincinnati.—The buving movement of the past two 

weeks has petered out and this market has resumed a very 

quiet aspect. Car supply in southern Ohio and the South 

shows some betterment and the movement of iron from 

furnaces is reported to be somewhat freer. 

Based on freight rates of $3 60 from Birmingham and $1.80 from 

Ironton, quote f. o. b. Cincinnati: 

Southern coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (base price) $45.60 

Southern coke, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 (No. 2 soft) 46.85 

Southern Ohio coke, sil. $1.75 to 2.25 (No. 2) 46.80 

Cleveland.—The sales of the past week have been of 

small volume, and the conservative selling agencies of 

Cleveland are not disposed to advance prices rapidly on 

either steel making or foundrv grades. Some furnaces report 

decided improvement in the railroad situation, while 

others say it is as bad as ever. At Detroit, a large part 

of the tonnage is being handled by trucks. 

We quote delivered Cleveland as follows, based on 40c switching 

charge for local iron, a $1.40 freight rate from Valley points, and 


Northern, No. 2 fdv. sil. 1.75 to 2.25 $45.40 to $46.40 



Old Materials 

Scrap Iron, New York.—Prices on several items have 

advanced. There is a little better inquiry from rolling mills 

for pipe and turnings. The demand for cast scrap is much 

better because of the scarcity of pig iron. Brokers who 

contracted to deliver scrap in' the future at a certain price 

will be injured by the increase in freight rates which the 

consumers will not absorb on their present contracts. To 

compensate, these brokers will more carefully shop around 

amvng dealers to secure the scrap at the lowest price 

possible. 

Prices which dealers in New York and Brooklyn are quoting to 






No. 2 cast (radiators, cast boilers, etc.) 29.00 to 30.00 


2 ft. long) 19.00 to 19.50 

Stove plate '. 27.00 to 28.00 

Scrap Iron, Chicago.— Owing to operating difficulties 

induced by uncertain car supply and the coal situation, 

may consumers have lost interest. As a result, the market 

i.s noticeably dull and prices have undergone few changes. 

This may be due in part to the expectation on the part of 

some buyers that large railroad offerings will be made 

following the expiration of the Government guarantee of 

earnings on Sept. 1. Dealers are much concerned over tne 

effect of the advance in freight rates on undelivered contracts. 

It is their opinion that inasmuch as most buyers 

and the mills in particular will be able to pass on the advance, 

they should bear the increase in the delivered price 

of scrap rather than the dealers. It is felt that the proper 

course of the consumers is especially clear where they have 

lield up shipments on contracts. Unless buyers assume 

the advance, dealers state that their profits will be more 

than wiped out. 



Per Net Ton 

No. 1 cast $36.00 to $37.00 







Brake shoes 26 50 to 27.00 


Agricultural malleable 2S.00 to 2S.50 

Country mixed 17.00 to 18.00c 

Scrap Iron, Pittsburgh.—rhe tendency of scrap iron 

and steel prices in this market still is upward, due to the 

fact that melters still are anxious to secure supplies, while 

dealers, on account of the transportation situation and the 

prospective increase of freight rates, are not inclined to sell 

except at well above the prices which they recently would 

have accepted. Shipment of scrap over the Pennsylvania 

Railroad is by permit, while the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 

is not only declining to place cars for scrap originating on 

its own lines, but is refusing shipments from connecting 

railroads. One Pittsburgh district steel company is insisting 

upon a strict observance by dealers of its specifications, 

and as a result has rejected about 250 cars of material in 

the past three or four weeks, most of which are lying on 

the tracks in the plant of this company. Some dealers are 

attempting to have their contracts adjusted in price with the 

idea of covering the higher freight rates, but this is meeting 

with strong opposition on the part of melters, who claim 

that they are not at fault beeause the dealers have failed to 

make deliveries within specified time. 


other districts that take Pittsburgh freight rates as follows: 






Short shoveling turnings 19.50 to 20 00 



Cast iron boring= 19.50 to 20.50 


Old Metals, Xew York.— The market Is still unsettled, 

and business is slow. Dealers' buying prices are as follows! 



Copper, light and bottoms 13 00 

Brass, heavy 10.00 

Rrass light 750 

Heavy machine composition 15 ,s

AUGUST I_, iy_u METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FI T T E R 227 

This Crew Is Inefficient 

It averages the same as 

that above, but the little 

fellow cannot finish the 

big man's job. 

This Crew Is 100 c 'o Efficient 

The men are of uniform 

strength. Any one of 

them can finish a job 

begun by any other. 

These Two Crews Show 

the Importance of Linde Uniformity 

Any one of the millions of cylinders filled with Linde Oxygen 

must be interchangeable with any other produced by Linde. 

For uniformity of oxygen is just as important to welders and 

cutters as is a high standard of quality. 

Expert chemists are constantly at work in Linde laboratories 

to prevent the slightest deviation from the extreme high purity 

of Linde Oxygen. 

Seventy-one Linde Distributing Stations make it possible to 

promptly supply welders and cutters everywhere with Linde 

Oxygen. 

THE LINDE AIR PRODUCTS CO. 

30 East 42nd Street, New York 


The Largest Producers of Oxygen in the World 

Please quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STUM FITTER "hen writing to advertisers 

L-511

228 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCI-ST 13. 1920 


No. 1 red brass or composition turnings 12.25 


Lead tea • 5.00 

Zinc 5.25 

Old Metals, Chicago.— Market is inactive and prices 

hold. Dealers' buying prices for less than carload lots are: 

Red brass 15.50 

Vellow brass, heavy 9.00 

Vellow brass, borings 10.(X) 






Tea lead 3.00 



Zinc .' 4.00 

Pewter. No. 1 25.00 

Old Rubber.— Inactive and prices only nominal. Wholesale 

dealers' buying quotations are: 

Boots and shoes 6 to 6A 

Trimmed artics 4_i to 5 


Bicycle tires IJ. to Wi 

Solid tires 2 to 2'/. 

No. 1 inner tubes 11 _ to 12J4 

Mixed White scrap 4 to 4 1 . 

Mixed red scrap 3 r ._ to 4 

Mixed black scrap 1J_ to 2 

Cotton fire hose _ to 114 

Garden hose ....- -_ to 1 

Old Rags.— Little business is being done and prices 

have fallen. Wholesale dealers' prices are: 

No. 1 whites $10.50 to $11.00 

No. 2 whites 5.50 to 5.75 



Hard back carpets 1.75 to 185 


NOTICE SLIDING 

DAMLRU 

Burt Ventilators are made 

in round, square, rectangu 

lar and special shapes, a 

full variety of types and to 

meet every requiremenl of 

buildings of all kinds. They 

are adjustable and storm 

proof. 

SLEEVE 

(Patented) 

Paper Stock.— Strong demand continues and higher 

prices predicted. Wholesale dealers' buying quotations for 

New York are: 

(Iver issue magazines $5.15 to $3.25 

( rumpled news 1.90 to 2.00 


Black and Galvanized Sheets.—Deliveries continue to 

be received and an impression is being made upon back orders. 

Xew demands are not heavy. 

Tin I'late.—Demand exceeds available supply, due to 

accumulation at the mills. 

Copper.— Inquiry is very light, consumers taking little 

interest in future buying. The talked-of price advance will 

probably not take place during the present inactive condition 

of the market. 

Tin.—This market is extremely dull with no interest 

shown by sellers or buyers. 

Lead.— While a quiet market prevails, prices continue 

strong. 

Zinc.— Producers are giving attention to shipments of 

metal already under contract and there is little inquiry for 

future requirements. 

Antimony.— Unchanged conditions characterize this 

market. 

Tin Plate, Pittsburgli.— Xo relaxation in the demand 

is observed, and a much larger business than is doing could 

be done if makers were in a position to accept. Transportation 

difficulties still hamper the manufacturers and one 

BURTS SELL FAST 

You have only to mention a few of the 

many exclusive features of Burt design and 

construction to win over the most stubborn 

purchaser. 

It will prove a pleasant surprise to you 

to find how easy it is to land big orders 

one after another when you liandle the 

Burt line. 

Write for the Burt Proposition Today 


3()(i MAIN STREET AKRON, OHIO 

George W. Reed & Co., Montreil, Sole Manufacturer of "Burt" 


AUGUST 13. 1910 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

large interest, in an effort to secure tin plate for oil cans, 

has bought a tonnage of sheet bars for conversion. Stock 

items are carefully looked over by buyers in need of early 

supplies, and are fetching fancy prices, sales being noted 

anywhere from $8.50 to $1(1. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh.— In spite of the lower rate of activity 

in the automobile industry, it cannot be said that the 

demand for sheets is any less urgent than it has been and 

while the market has a quiet appearance, this may be 

ascribed chiefly to the indifference of makers to new orders. 

It is improbable that there will be any formal opening of 

hooks by independents for fourth-quarter Inisiness as the 

unfilled tonnages amount to more than 800,000 tons, and thev 

have fully 100,000 tons piled awaiting shipment. This condition 

would seem to preclude taking on additional business 

for delivery this year except to the extent of suspended 

shipments. The American Sheet & Tin Plate Co. continues 

to have considerable difficulty in getting steel from its 

regular sources of supply, and in an effort to meet its obligations 

has taken on a large amount of conversion business 

for buyers who have tonnages due them. This company has 

almost as much capacity on conversion orders as it has on 

its regular business. 


Iiinseed Oil.— Market is quiet with prices irregular. 

In lots of 5 bbl. and over, city raw American seed is quoted 

at $1.36 to $1.51, and out-of-town raw Ameriean seed is 

quoted at $1.36 to $1.51. In lots of less than 5 bill. 3c more 

per gallon is asked. Boiled oil brings 2c more per gallon 

than raw oil. 

Spirits of Turpentine.— Demand is light but improvement 

expected. In machine barrels in yard, the wholesale 

price is quoted at $1.70 per gallon. 

Rosin.— Both pale and medium grades in good demand 

and local stocks show improvement. On the basis of 280 lbs. 

to the barrel, the wholesale price of common-to-good strained 

is $12.50. Grade D is $15.75. 

Iron and Steel Pino.— Interest centers chiefly about 

the effect which the increased freight rate will have on 

prices. Oil country goods are sold on a delivered base, ifnd, 

of course, will take higher prices in keeping with that fact. 

'(u-iors are current that independent makers will revise 

their prices upward to cover the higher freight rates, although 

their prices already are higher than those of tbe 

Xational Tube Co. No indication of the course of the latter 

company on prices is available. Activity of speculators in 

the market has dwindled considerably in the past two weeks. 

.Makers who ean ship by water have made a fairly good 

showing in the matter of getting oil country pipe to destination. 

Bookings, however, are still sufficient to engage capacity 

of all makers all over the remainder of the year. 

Foundry Coke.— A somewhat more liberal supply of 

cars in the Connellsville region in the past week has resulted 

in a freer movement of coke against contracts and to 

a considerable extent this has lessened the demand for spot 

tonnages. The consequence is that prices are slightly softer 

than they have been, and while occasional sales of furnace 

grade are being made up to $19 per net ton, at oven, $18.50 

measures the more general maximum, and a considerable 

amount of recent business has been done at the flat price 

of $18. The spot market on foundry coke also is weaker 

and hardly is quotable above $19, although a few sales recently 

have been done at about 50 cents higher than that 

price. The spot market to-day is quotable at $18 to $18.50 

on furnace and $18.50 to $19 on foundry grade. The East 

seems to he most badly off in many of the consuming sect'ons 

for prompt tonnages and it is on sales in that direction 

that prices are highest. Some interest is beginning to 

n .elop ii contracts for the fourth quarter of the year and 

also for the first quarter of 1921. It is reported that one 

Contract for last quarter delivery, involving- about 500 cars 

a month, was closed on the basis of $14 per net ton, at 

uven, and it is stilted that two large tonnages are pending 

•it the same price for delivery through the last quarter of 

the year and the first quarter of 1921. On the other hand, 

it is reported that last quarter coke has been offered at 

A BIG CHANCE TO SECURE 

PROFITABLE CONTRACTS! 


opportunity to increase profits by recommending, 

selling and installing the Watrous Gravity Liquid 

Soap System. Industrial plants of all kinds, Factories, 

Railway Depots, Hospitals, Public Buildings, etc., are 

adopting this improved method of dispensing soap. 

The one large central container, easily refilled, is far 

more economical and more convenient in operation than 

the ordinary wasteful method of an individual container 

for every bowl. 

There are no moving parts to The Watrous System to 

get out of order. Operates wholly by gravity. The 

simple valve in the dispenser 

regulates an even, 

non-wasting supply of 

soap. A plumber's services 

are required to install 

the System. Therefore, 

every sale you make 

The Watrous Gravity 

xjt| WSBEM^WA'' 

• 

i • 

fm 

IL' • 

will carry with it a contract 

for installation. 

Liquid Soap System is a 

new addition to the line 

of the celebrated Watrous 

Sanitary Plumbing Equip 

ment, distinguished as 

"^ x ,-^j 

representing the most advanced 

ideas in sanitary 

pumbing science. The line 

includes Watrous Duojet 

Closets, Self-Closing 

Cocks, Urinals, Drinking 

Free Information Fountains on Request and up-to-date 

Specialties. 


1S_3 W. Harrison St., Chicago, 111 

S13 li'- so' '" produces. Practically no contracts in foundry 

coke for the remainder of the year have been done recently 

• - nr"ducers of this grade are sold through to the end of 

the year, and regard the situation as being unfavorable to 

arrive at any real idea of the value of 1921 fuel. 

An Exhibit of Boiler Room Instruments 

In view of the present great scarcity of fuel and the 

unusual public interest in the economical utilization 

of it, the L T ehIing Instrument Co., 71 Broadway, New 

York City, has decided to exhibit their fuel-saving de 

vices at two of the leading expositions of the vear, 

namely, the Chemical Show, Grand Central Palace, 

New York, Sept. 20-2.5, and the National Association # 

of Stationary Engineers' Convention, Milwaukee. 

Wis., Sept. 13-17. 

The principal products to be displayed will be the 

"ew "Stvle U" COs recording equipment. This in 

strument keeps tabs continuously on by far the larg 

est item of waste in the hoiler room, namely, the heat 

discharged up the chimney, thus enabling the opera 

tors to make adjustments that will reduce this loss to 

the minimum. A gauge on the front of each boiler 

serves as a working guide for the firemen and a re 

corder in the office of the engineer or superintendent 

simultaneously makes a permanent record of the per 

formance of each boiler furnace. Other hoiler room 

instruments, including L'chling pyrometers and draft 

gauges will also be exhibited.

230 METAL WORKER. PL U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER 









AUGUST 13. 1920 






On a number of articles the base price only is given, it being impracticablfto 

name every size. 

ALUMINUM- 



100-lb. lots—37 to 39c. 

ANTIMONY— 


10c to 12c 

BRASS, ROLL ANL SHEET— 


BISMUTH— 

Per lb $4.00 to $4.50 

CONDUCTORS— 

Corrugated— 




Copper 10% 





(.See also elbows and shoes; 


Conductor.) 



COPPER— 

Lake ingot 21!,_-22!_c 


Casting 20-21C 

COPPER SHEETS 


lb., 295.C mill. 


and over. 


advance. 




long 48 in. 

and to 

less 96 in. 

sq. ft. sq. tt. 


10 in. to 36 in. wide... 5c 6c 


Planished. V/2c per sq. ft. more 




Tinning— 96 in. 

long 

and Over 

less 96.in. 








Copper 10% 




ELBOWS— 

N.j. 1 Xo. 2 X". 3 

4 in $4.00 $3 9 r 4.25 4.05 3.00 ROSIN- 


5J,2 in 

4.90 4.50 3 50 Common to good strained (whole private brands very according to 

5.05 

4 00 

6.50 

4.75 

sale). 280 lbs., per bbl $12.50 composition. 

7.50 SHEETS— 




Vaeger's Salts: 



Plain Round and Corrugated- No. 10, per lb 6.50-8.00 5-lb. cans, each $3.00 

All sizes up to 6 in 5C% No. 12, per lb 6.55-8.05 A. S. P. Fluid: 

Square— 

No. 14, per lb 6.60-8.10 Gallon $1.25 

Square 40% No. 16, per lb 6.70-8.20 12-gal. Carboy 90c per gallon 

Copper- 

Black— One Pass. C R. 




Furnace Pipe and Fittings- No. 18 to 20, per lb 7.80- 9.80 gal $1.75 

Standard list..Prices on application No. 22 to 24, per lb 7.85- 9.85 SOLDERING COPPERS— 

LEAD— 

No. 26, per lb 7.90- 9.90 Per lb. in 300-lb. lots 5Uc 

American Pig, per lb. . .10J_c to lie No. 27, per lb 7.95- 9.95 In 100 to 300-lb. lots advance 2c 

Bar, per lb llj_c to 12c No. 28, per lb 8.00-10.00 per lb. 

METAL LATH— 


Under 100 sq. yd. per sq. yd. 40c No. 30, per lb 8.25-10.25 vance 4c per lb. 


No. 2S and lighter, 36 wide, STRAINERS, CONDUCTOR— 

Leads- 

10c higlier 

2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 

Lead, American White, in Oil, Wellsville Polished— 

Copper $2.80 $3 75 $5.75 $9.00 dz. 

kegs less than 500 lbs., 15.ic 20 gauge 11.10c 

Galv 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 dz. 

Lead, White, in Oil, 25-lb. tin 22 and 24 gauge 11.20c TIN PIGS AND BARS— 

pails; add to keg price 14 c 26 gauge 1130c Straits, pigs per lb 52c 

Lead, Red, in Oil, less than 500 28 gauge 11.50c Straits, in bars, per lb....57c to 62c 

lbs., 15c 

Galvanized— 


Dry Colors- 



Nos. 12 and 14 9.1(1-11.10 N. B.—The price of 14 x 20 

Per 100 lbs., 2/j to 5c \*o 16 9.25-11.25 "AAA" Charcoal Melyn Grade: 


Xos. 18 and 20 9.4J-U.40 IC, 14 x 20 $16.50 


Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 Xo. 26 0.70-11.70 IXX, 14 x 20 20.50 

Oils- 

Xo 27 9.85-11.85 IXXX, 14 x 20 22.25 

Linseed City Raw ....$1.36 to 51.51 Xo. 28 1 I.OU-1-.IO IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 

Linseed, Boiled, advance, per Xo. 30 10.50-13.00 "A" Charcoal Allaways Grade: 

gal 2c No. 28 and lighter, 36 in. wide, IC, 14 x 20 $14.25 


20c higher IX. 14 x 20 16.25 

at $1.36 to $1.51 Corrugated Roofing—Galvanized— IXX, 14 x 20 18 00 


2y2 in. corrugations, 30 per 100 lbs. IXXX, 14 x 20 19.75 

In Machine Bbl $1.70 over flat sheets. 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 21.50 

PUTTY— 


Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c Prices quoted on application. Prime, 14 x 20 in.: 

In 1-lb to S-lb. tins, 6.00 to 7 35c 2'_-in. Corrugation 

80-lb $11.80' 

REGISTERS— 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

90-lb 11.90 

Cast Iron 10% Xo. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

100-lb 12.W 

Semi-Steel or Steel, in Black for No. 26, per 100 sq. ft. 

IC 13.25 

White Japan or Electro plate and No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

IX 13 23 

Small Faces and Borders ....20% SLATE ROOFING— 

IXX 1. JS 

Wall Frames 20% F. O. B. cars, Quarry Station. IXXX 1- 25 


Per Square IXXXX lo.25 

larger 40% 


Base Board Registers 20% Pennsylvania— to size Small lots, 8-lb. Coating: 

Base Board Intakes 20% Best Bangor $8.00 to $11.00 100-lb., 14 x 20 $9.35 

White Enameled Goods 5% No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 IC, 14 x 20 9 50 

Solid Brass or Bronze Goods, ex Pen Argyl 7 75 to 8.25 IX, 14 x 20 10.50 

cept Grilles Net Peach Bottom 10.50 to 12.50 IC, 14 x 20 Stamped and Re 

Grilles in Black and White Japan No. 1 Chapman 7.75 to 8.75 squared: 

or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain Vermont— 


Lattice, Design. Smaller than No. 1 Sea Green $5.00 to $8.50 15-lb. Coating 11.75 

14 x 14 in., 

Unfading Green 6.50 to 13 50 20-lb. Coating 12.25 

Prices on application Red 22.00 30-lb. Coating 13 50 


Maine- 


1-Ply Walter's Tarred Paper, and per ton, Cooper's Brownsville, Metal Unfading Shingles 

Black, 

M. F. Grade 13.50 

$102.00 No. 1 $14.00 40-lb Coating 15.00 

per roll, 108 sq. ft. Slaters felt, 30-lb roll 2.00 WASTE COTTON— 

, 

2-Ply Tarred Paper $160 

40-lb. roll 2.25 Per lb. in 5-lb. bags 22c 

3-Ply Tarred Paper 2.00 SOLDER— 



i72 '$ 2.75 

to */2 guaranteed 37v2c Western Slabs 10-llc 


4V_ in 41" 3.95 2.85 

Xo. 1 34J_c Sheets No. 9 base casks 14J_c 

Roofing Pitch, per ton $30.00 Refined 30c 


The The 

KT 

Shingles 

That Last 

Shingles 

That Tbe Last Most Complete Line of Designs The Best Material, AVorkmanship and Finisb 

Made in Painted Tin or Genuine He-dipped Oalvanized Tin 

Sold at the right price .May we send you full-size samples and prices? 



JERSEY CITY, N. J.





I'LORAL PARK, N. Y., AUG. 20, 1920. 



English Ideas in Drain Piping 

1 Ei license with Outside Soil and Vent Pipes. 

VOLUME 94, Ko. 8 

Cast Iron and Lead Used Exclusively for Carrying Away Waste and Rain 

Water Made to Harmonize with Style of Architecture as Internal 

Soil Pipes Are Generally Prohibited 

By John Y. Dunlop 

T H E position and construction of a soil pipe in 

the home drainage system is a matter of great 

importance from the standpoint of the health of 

the occupants. In the early days, of water-closets 

io England the soil pipes were invariably built into 

the wall or let into a chase formed in the wall. 

But the danger of the internal pipe soon became 

manifest as the joints were often scamped and because 

inspection was difficult or impossible, sewer gas 

generated in the soil pipe itself, escaped through the 

joints and pervaded the closet and the liouse. Repairs 

were difficult, troublesome and costly. 

Even if the soil pipe was perfect when fixed, it 

might eventually corrode, when the sewer gas would 

escape and lead to illness in the family before attention 

was drawn to the danger in which they lived. 

To-day internal soil pipes are forbidden almost 

throughout the lengtli and breadth of the land. Although 

thc multiplication of pipes on the outside of 

the Iiuilding is no doubt an architectural misfortune, 

hy skillful planning they can be placed in retired 

positions so that they will not obtrude themselves upon 

the sight. 

Soil pipes should be carried above the caves of I lie 

roof or in thc case of an attic roof should be t.i km 

above the ridge of the building and terminated not 

less than 8 ft. from every window and skylight. 

The size of a soil pipe for a single closet or lor 

two closets fixed one over thc other should 1"- :\\/.. 

in. if of lead and 1 in. if of heavy cast iron. A J-in. 

lead soil pipe is large enough for connection with six

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 20, 19 

water-closets, but in no case is it necessary to go 

beyond -l 1 /^ hi., although it might be advisable in the 

case of cast iron to increase the size according to 

the circumstances. 

Soil pipe above the highest closet connection need 

not be carried up full bore to the roof. There is a 

small saving- in material if a 3-in. pipe is placed on 

the top of a 1-in. one, as used on the residence shown 

in Fig. 1. 

Bends in soil pipes should be avoided wherever 

practical. In this illustration a 2%-in. offset bend 

is sliown at thc base of the building. 

The soil terminal is formed with a lead piece to 

prevent as little as possible the free supply of air 

to the trap at the closet. There is no trap at the 

foot of the soil, the passage from thc back of the 

closet trap being unobstructed forward to the disconnecting 

trap at the sewer connection. 

In I'ig. 1, D is a rain-water pipe; E is the 4-in. 

soil pipe with 3-in. vent pipe carried through the. 

eaves of thc roof; CC is a waste and rain-water pipe 

taking the waste water from the bathroom on thc 

first floor and the waste, water from the pantry sink 

on the ground floor. The vent shaft at the end of 

the drain is marked B. 

All of these pipes are of cast iron, which has many 

advantages over other materials. One thing is that 

nails cannot be driven into them and that they are not 

bulged by light blows. Hot water does not affect 

them to the same extent as lead and, of course, they 

are cheaper and do not require the same amount of 

skill in fixing. 

The thickness of cast iron soil pipes should be, at 

least Heavy iron soil pipes allow making a 

/_ 

good, strong joint, as shown in Fig. 2. 

70IMT KTWEm IROM 

SOLLPIPE /v.d. FiqfXLUW 

DRAir 

EARTHENWARE 

IICPN 

TOIMTIMq MATERIAL,-. 

POTTY. PORTLAND CEMENT 

or PLUM 6E CIS CEMEINT 

TOIP1T 5_TwCO. W.C. 

OOTqo And IRON PIPE: 

Two rings of spun yarn arc calked down first 

prevent the lead from running througb into the pif 

and the remainder of the socket is filled up wi) 

molten lead and calked while warm. Several join 

are also shown of the soil pipe with other materii 

and also the connection at the closet. 

A good joint should be air and watertight. Tt 

full bore of the pipe should be maintained at the job 

and care should be taken that none of the jointin 

material protrudes inside the pipe. Between an iro 

soil pipe or waste pipe and a fire clay drain the joii 

is usually made with Portland cement. 

Between lead and fire clay pipes, as well as betwee 

lead and iron pipe, the most satisfactory method is 

brass ferrule connection. Sometimes there is no fei 

rule between lead and fire clay. The lead pipe i 

simply slipped into the faucet of the fire clay pip 

and the joint made tight with cement. 

The most important joint in the soil pipe is tha 

at the water-closet outgo, but it is often the weakest 

If the eathenware outgo is directly connected wit 

the iron soil pipe, as shown in Fig. 2, the joint i 

usually made with putty or Portland cement, but th 

most saisfactory jointing material is that known a 

plumber's cement—a mixture of two parts of tallo. 

and one part rosin. 

If the basin outgo is connected with a lead brand 

the joint is commonly made with red lead putty 

This connection is rendered more reliable if securei 

with two iron glands, bolts and nuts, as shown ii 

Fig. 2. 

Most external waste water pipes in England ar 

made of cast iron and until recently the waste pip 

from fittings on the upper floors forward to the out 

side were made sheet lead weighing 6 and 7 11 

LEAD nre. 

WIPED TOIMT _ 

BRA55 FERROLtr 

CEMEJNT 

TACIJEP s 

JOINTS BETWEEN 

AMD LEADPI PEL 

X/lt 

II.SIDE 

PIPES 

I0II.TED 

WITH —• 

LEAP 

DOTS.IDE ' 

PIPE'S 

WITH VtXIT 

TOIMT BCTWCLM 

LEAD &- 

ROM _—. 

CEMENT 

BRASS &OCKET 

TOINT 

w. c . ocrrqo 

Fill. 2—Common Methods uf Joining Two Different Pipes and Making Water Closet Connc 

t-ihetaL 

CAbT IBJli 

Rftll. WATU 

A.VASTL PIP!

l'l ll METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM F1TTE: 

to the square foot. The sheet lead was made up by 

hand into the various sizes required by uniting the 

pieces with soldered copper bit seams. 

At the present time drawn lead pipes are generally 

used. Tliese seamless pipes are manufactured in 

lengths of 10. 12 and 14 ft. 

Fig. 3—O u t s i d e 

Kain Water Pipes 

and V o n t e d 

Waste Pipes. 

To the outsider drawn pipes appear to be much 

superior to the hand-made seamed pipe, but experience 

proves that this is not true, for the drawn pipe 

yields to the action of hot water much more rapidly 

than hand-made seamed pipes of the same strength. 

It is customary to denounce hand-made pipes and 

traps chiefly because the sewer gas attacks and cor- 

rotles the seams. 

The usual diameter of the waste pipe from the 

bathroom is l'A in. .-md where there is no flushing 

tank at the head of the system of drainage, the waste 

pipe from the bathroom may be employed for that 

purpose. The weight of waste pipe vary with tin- 

size and nature of the fittings. Seamed pipes made 

of sheet lead are IV4 in. dia. and weigh 9 lb. per 

square foot. lV_ in. 12 lb. and 2 in. 18 lb. Drawn 

pipi- is equal in thickness to sheet lead weighing 8 to 

'0 lh. per square foot. 

The ordinarv pressed pipe made in rolls is much 

superior to the seamed and drawn pipes and is also 

much cheaper as it can be bent to almost any shape 

by a skilled plumber, there being no need to cut and 

work the bends or to make joints. Fxternal cast iron 

waste pipes are required to be 3-16 in. in thickness. 

The waste pipe from a slop sink should be treated 

in every way like a soil pipe- It should not be connected 

with "the waste pipe from the bath or sink, but 

c »n be connected with the soil pipe from the water- 

closet if the traps of both are properly ventilated. 

TV _,o_t_ -niter nine in all cases is carried un to 

tin- roof and is finished with a perforated cover or 

connected to the cast iron caves gutter. 

The bend connecting (he waste pipe J in Fig. 3 

is a lead piece, and in this case the pipe also serves 

for the rain water. A cast iron rain-water pipe 3 in. 

in diameter and having faucet joints is shown by K. 

Rain-water pipes arc seldom made of wood now. al 

though there is in outlying places a prejudice for this 

material. Cast iron pipes are made circular and rect 

angular, the former being the strongest and most 

durable. 

Rain-water pipes arc fixed with ear hands and 

holdfasts and should be set slightly clear of the wall 

to allow for painting and so that in thc ease of a leak 

the wall will not suffer from being saturated with 

water. 

Solid drawn lead pipes have recently come into 

use. They are expensive Imt on the otlier hand they 

do not need painting nor do thev rust. The thickness 

of the metal is about ' g in. and is about 7 lb. per 

square foot. This material is secured to the wall with 

lead tacks or hands not more than 3'A ft. apart. 

It is a mistake to use small rain-water pipes. The 

smallest size allowed is 2 in., hut 3 and 31/2 in. are 

more suitable for general work. 

Undoubtedly rapid advances have been made during 

the last 20 years in this small part of the sanitary 

plumber's work. Rut though much has been done, 

much remains to he done, particularly among the rank 

.and file of the craft in the smaller towns and villages. 

Chicago Section American Welding 

Society Organized 

At a meeting of members of the welding trade in 

Chicago, held in the rooms of the Western Society of 

Fngineers, on Tuesday evening, Aug. 3, a Chicago 

section of the American Welding Society was organ 

ized. There were about 7-5 in attendance, representing 

many railroads terminating in Chicago and also 

many of the larger local industries, - .. 

The following officers and directors were elected: 

Chairman—M. B. Osburn, Ass't Supt. Pullman Car Works. 

Vice-Chairman—O. T. Xelson, Pres. General Boilers Co. 

Sec'y-Treas.—I.. 15. Mackenzie, Pres. The Welding Engineer, 

(ins South Dearborn Street, Chicago. 

DIRECTORS 

A Years 

K. Wanamaker, Electrical Eng., Rock Island Ry. 

H. B. Bentlv, Supt. Motive Power & Mach., C. & X. W. Ry. 

Andrew Oliver. Welding Supervisor, Standard Oil Co. 

W. M. B. Brady. Commercial Eng., Genera] Elec. Co. 

2 Years 

Harold Cook. Managing Editor, Acetylene Journal. 

W. A. Slack. Pres. Torchweld Equipment Co. 

K R. Hare, District Mgr. Transportation Eng. Co. 

,1. M. Jardine, Partner. Western Welding & Equipment Co. 

1 Year 

W H Bleecker, Jr., District Mgr. Page Steel & Wire Co. 

Oliver' Mitchell. Partner. X. F. Mitchell & Son. 

Walter L. Senhert, Pres. Welded Products Co. 

Don B. McCloud, Sec'y-Treas. Gas Products Ass'n. 

Meetings will be held on the second Tuesday of 

each month in the rooms of the Western Society of 

Engineers and those interested in the subject of auto 

genous welding, by all methods, are invited to attend.


Progressiveness Brings Power and Prosperity 

Self Content Means Stagnation 

Originality a Factor of Success 

By J. C. Bixby 

T H E R E is no royal patent or class inheritance of 

results in this easy road to success. To originate 

a departure in method from a generally accepted 

condition in any line gives you the limelight and 

rating in the market for buyers. 

It is in many cases the overlooked and commonplace 

conditions out of which originality of thought 

and closer analysis bring the staring and successful 

results that were held dormant and unseen by the 

multitude, and thereby accrued much silver and gold 

for the man of new thought. 

Managers soon overlook the ordinary employee who 

does nothing to attract notice in his service. But 

even T is in high speed and what may be new to-day, may 

be old to-morrow; and we are in school at all times. 

When organization ceases to be the means and becomes 

the end, it has reached the limit of its usefulness. 

Organization must stand not only for Unity, 

but for Efficiency. This condition, however, gives the 

original and studious mind the greatest opportunity 

against the earlier day, when plumbing and living 

customs changed only once in half-century epochs; 

and the pan closet, or German helmet reversed, had 

a pull, and the lavatory" was just outside the kitclien 

door. Evoluting from these crude earlier conditions 

and sanitary appliances, we now have not only the 

manager and proprietor is looking for promis most successful in operation, but the most artistic and 

ing material and when they note anything out of the graceful in design until the beautiful bathroom of 

ordinary routine—one who is always on the alert for to-day sells the house, camouflaging all its other de 

better ways, determined to stamp his individuality fects in the eyes of the prospective buyer. 

upon whatever he does—that employee is marked for We to-day .are taking a large space in the world's 

promotion at once. The public and capital has us work, and let us remember that originality is power 

and our works as well as other merchandising and .and success. Imitation i.s death. This is an age of 

inventive and resourceful people under scrutiny also, experts and no one who does not specialize and go 

to see if peradventure there is some new thing in the above the average need hope for a career. 

world, or surprising rsults brought out of the old, Ambition is the gas motor of life, but remember it 

that thev mav recognize and enrich the originator to 

is easier to rebuild a business than to reconstruct a 

tlieir own advantage and to his benefit. 

reputation, and strict honesty is the corner-stone of 

To be original is to be progressive. Do not try to lasting success. 

be a copy of your grandfather, your father or your 

Let us now for a moment diverge from the subject 

neighbor, but from the crucible of 

.and speak of courtesy in business. It is the inspira 

Originality your own brain originate. Build 

tion that extends the welcoming hand, bids you come 

Means better than they knew. An originside 

the rail and open the gates of opportunity, a 

Pror/ressiveness inal and constructive mind is 

trait to be carefully cultivated, whose return comes in 

greater than an army of millions 

the pay cheek and more pleasant relations with cus 

whose safety and achievement depend largely on that 

tomer and employee. The gruff person is like an 

invisible power housed in the leader's brain. 

underrated radiator I It heats up all right under 

How many in our profession have achieved suc 

discussion or steam, but people look on that and him as 

cess in bringing out new and successful sanitary 

being not entirely finished and out of harmony with 

appliances? Starting out in originality of thought to his surroundings. 

delve along roads that lead to Cod knows where, they 

Remember, motors do their knocking going up hill; 

dug over the old and new ground, discovering nug 

men do theirs going down. As designers, creators and 

gets here and there until they struck the mother lode 

sellers, we should always pilot prospective customers 

and Nature showed them her secrets. And we can 

into an easy flowing current that takes them in the 

buy their discovery f"om thc jobbing house—at the 

direction they wish to go, with a lasting friendship 

list price, plus. 

at the destination and your name the first to be 

With the 10,000 human dynamos concentrated in 

looked for in the directory on further occasion 

this association, switches thrown in and all purring 

Therefore, with the greater experience that each 

togetlier gathering energy, what would the harvest 

year gives us and the broadening view of increasing 

be if that power were all turned on in our business 

niembers. this organization shall attain and reflect 

endeavors? The Great White Way would be a dark 

the best and latest ideas and results in construction 

alley bv comparison, and the publie would be wait and business methods that a rapidly advancing and 

ing for us to open up in the morning. However, we improving world demands. 

mav not sit down and say it is finished, for the world May we not take back a message from this con 

*Paper at National Association of Master Plumliers' Association vention to those we represent that shall increase their 

Convention, Pittsburgli, June 15-17. 

;nthusiasm for association work and our numbers?

AUGUST 20. 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 





tyy Edisuard E. Parker 

PART XII 

T H E growing of fruit, vegetables and flowers 

under glass has become a great industry and 

is still growing rapidly. As all greenhouses must 

be artificially heated, the question as to the best way of 

doing it is one of great importance. All greenhouses 

are now heated either by steam or by hot water, and 

each method has its advocates. 

Steam seems to be the favored medium with the 

owners of the more extended plants, while hot water is 

the choice of most owners whose houses are of moderate 

size. The first cost of a large 

Greenhouse steam plant is less than for hot water 

Heating and, as all the water of condensation is 

automatically pumped back into the 

boiler, giving the steam ready access to all coils, it 

heats the building verv quickly. In such a plant a fireman 

must be kept on duty at all times and so tbe item 

Fig. 

-Connected 

Return 

Circulat 

Fire. 

Through Boiler without 

of being able to leave the fire for a considerable time 

without attention becomes of slight importance. 

Even in installations of the largest size it would 

probably be better, where cheap electrical power is 

available, to use hot water under pressure and circula e 

it through the coils, when necessary, by means of an 

electrically driven pump, but for any greenhouse plane 

of such dimensions 

as not to require the constant .it- 

tention of a fireman, 

there can be no question of tbe 

superiority of hot-water heating. 

In a steam plant the moment the steam pressure 

beeins to run down, the pipe coils begin to cool off at 

the return ends and this chill keeps extending toward 

the boiler For this reason there is often a consider 

able difference in the temperature of the two ends of 

the house and plants are sometimes injured by being 

chilled, when they would not have been harmed had 

the heat in the liouse been more evenly distributed, as 

it would had the heating medium been hot water. 

A big greenhouse is larger than a small one mostly 

in length and widtli, but only slightly in height. 

Hence, the head of water in a greenhouse is small 

and comparatively smaller the more extended the 

plant. Therefore considerable skill is necessary 

to design a system that will circulate the water rapidly 

without putting the heater into a cellar. 

The radiation, however, should be figured upon the 

same basis as that of any other building, except that 

the amount of movable glass being small, and practi 

cally none of it facing the point from which the cold 

winds blow, 10 per cent added to the glass area will be 

a sufficient allowance for leakage unless the liouse is 

covered with movable sash. Pipe coils, such as are 

usually used in greenhouse work, can be relied upon to 

emit 2 B. t. u. for each degree of difference between 

the temperature of the water and that of the surrounding 

air. 

In laying out the piping, the flow main should rise 

as high as possible immediately on leaving the lieater 

and the pipe leading to the expansion tank be taken 

off the top of that. From this point the piping should 

grade down until it reaches the heater again. 

The first thing necessary is to find the probable heat 

losses in tlie house in extreme weather, then the amount 

of radiating surface which will be required to make 

good that loss. Divide this by 275 and you have the 

area, in square inches, of the cross section of the flow 

main, or mains. The total outside area of the flowmains 

should be deducted from thc total number of 

feet of radiation required and the remainder distributed 

in the coils on the return. 

Suppose a house 200 x 30 ft. with 7,500 ft. of glass, 

1.600 ft. of north wall and leakage equal to 10 per cent 

of the glass. Thc beat losses for each degree of difference 

between inside .and outside temperature will 

be as follows: 7,500 +(1.600 X .25)+ (7.500 X -10 

= 7_500 + 400 X 750 = 8.650 B. t. u., the difference 

for each degree between thc inside and the outside 

temperature. If the house is to be kept at 60 deg. in 

zero weather, multiply by 60. This gives the total 

heat loss in the coldest weather, 123,500 B. t. u. per 

hour. 

If the water was leaving the heater at 180 deg. and 

returning to it at 150 deg. the water would average 

165 deg°or 105 deg. hotter than the surrounding air.


and hence each square foot of piping would put 210 

B. t. n. into the greenhouse every hour. 123.500 -rr 

210 = 2,017, the total square feet of radiation required 

in the house. Divide 2.017 by 275. gives 7.5 

sq. in., practically the cross section area of a 3-in. 

pipe. It would be better, however, to put up two 2 : j/oin. 

flow mains, because extra radiating surface at that 

elevation, has great effect in accelerating the circulation. 

The surface area of -100 lin. ft. of 21/o-in. pipe 

would be 300 sq. ft. This deducted from the total 

radiating surface required. 2.017 ft., leaves 1.717 sq. 

ft., or about 3.919 lin. ft. of l^-in. pipe. 

The selection of a heater is a matter of the greatest 

importance. There is no line of goods where the 

dictum, "Tbe best is the cheapest.'' applies with 

greater force than in thc selection of a 

Heaters heater. The worst heater on the market 

and will heat water, and will, for a time, if 

Radiators conditions are favorable, give reasonable 

satisfaction. "The Best' lieater is, of 

course, the one that the manufacturer or his agent is 

exploiting, and so it seems diflicult sometimes to decide 

the proper lieater to use, but if the contractor 

will hear in mind the essential requirements he cannot 

go far wrong. 

The heater should have a deep fire-pot. so that it 

will hold a thick body of fuel. It should have a 

reasonable amount of fire surface; too much is often 

as bad as too little, as it checks the draft without 

doing much compensating good. The grate should 

be round or nearly square and never long and narrow. 

A grate that operates easih' at all times and is easy 

to repair in case of accident is essential. 

It is essential that the lieater should be easy to 

clean out. Cleanliness, in regard to the fire surface 

of a heater, is a matter likely to be neglected. But. 

as it is absolutely necessary in order to insure satisfactory 

results, the work of removing deposits from 

the inside of the lieater should be made as easy as 

possible. 

In selecting the size of the heater for any particular 

job. it is usual to find the amount of radiation 

to which it is to be attached. Then add 20 or 25 

per cent for the radiating surface of the mains, then 

add something for the manufacturer's optimism, it 

being unwise to take most published rating's too seriously. 

Then select the heater which is rated nearest 

to the total result from the manufacturer's catalog. 

Even then the heater selected is generally too small 

to give the most satisfactory results. 

The primary cause of this trouble is that each manufacturer 

feels that if he does not make as big a claim 

for his heater as another manufacturer does for one 

of similar size and construction the buyer will feel 

tie is getting inferior goods, and so the fellow with 

the most elastic conscience sets the pace whieh the 

others follow. In his turn, the contractor, haunted 

by the spectre of ignorant and unrestrained competition, 

fears that if he makes a bid based upon the size 

of lieater which he really thinks best adapted to do 

the work, he will not only lose the job and the timespent 

in figuring upon it. hut will get the reputationof 

being, in a business sense, "out of it." Consequently. 

A is very r.are to find in actual use a heater too la, 

to W( rk for economy in fuel and attention. 

if the radiating surface of an open tank system. 

extreme weather, be computed by the rule before 

given, each sq. ft. of radiation will give off 192.5 

B. t. u. an hour and the loss from the heater and 

piping will amount to. perhaps, 20 per cent of the 

loss from the radiators. Thus, if there is 400 ft. of 

direct radiation, add 80 ft. more for the piping, etc., 

making the total radiating surface 480 ft. Then 

480 X 192.5—92,400 B. t. u. per hour the total 

heat loss to be made good by the heater. 

To furnish this amount of heat, assuming the coal 

to have an effective value of 8,750 B. t. u. per pound, 

would require 92,400 -r- 8,750 = 10.0 lb. of coal per 

hour. If burned at the rate of 4 lb. for each square 

foot of grate, would require a grate area of 2.8 sq. ft., 

or 403 sq. in., which is the approximate area of a 

grate 23 in. in diameter. 

A short and safe rule in residence work, where the 

firing is done but two or three times a day, is to choose 

a heater with 1 sq. in. of grate area for each foot of 

direct radiation, if thc radiation is figured by the rule 

already given. Direct-indirect and indirect radiators 

should be reckoned as direct radiation 100 per cent 

larger. Estimating a heater by this rule allows something 

for possible additions and the lack of attention 

to which house heaters are subject, and the size may 

be cut down proportionately where there is a regular 

attendant and the quantity of coal burned per square 

foot of grate is larger. 

It should be remembered that heaters in greenhouses 

are called upon to meet the demands of sudden 

and extreme changes in the weather and therefore a 

more liberal reserve power is demanded. 

When twin heaters are used, one to do the work in 

comparativelv mild weather and the other to be fired 

only when the cold is extreme, valves are not only unnecessary 

but actually may be dangerous in making 

the connections so that one or both can be run as 

demanded by the weather conditions. If the risers 

from each heater, both flow and return, are connected 

directly up into their proper main, as shown in Fig. 

29, the water will circulate only through the heater 

with fire in it. 

{To Be Continued) 

How the Koreans Heat Their Homes 

Our fuel resources are still so ample, despite these 

times, that we find it hard to conceive of a country 

so poorly supplied with fuel as Korea is. 

The land bears very little timber, and although 

good deposits of bituminous and anthracite coal have 

been found, occupation .-it least, would give no concessions 

for mining, states the Los Angeles Times. The 

natives dig the surface coal out in a crude way, and 

let the debris and rain water fill up the shafts. Accordingly, 

the coal, when they finally get it, is usually 

well rotted from dampness. This poor stuff is sold 

for as much as $9 a ton, a price that makes it inaccessible 

for thc majority of the natives. Korean ingenuity, 

however, has found a way of combating these 

unfavorable conditions. 

When a Korean starts to build his house he first 

lays down a system of flues where the floor is to be. 

These flues begin at a fireplace, usually built in 

outer shed or in a closed alleyway connected with 

the house. From the fireplace the" flues branch out.

AUGUST 20, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMCEIi AND STEAM FITTER 

like the ribs of a fan, and end in a trench at the back 

of tbe floor space. This trench, in turn, opens into 

a chimney, usually built at some distance from the 

house. 

When the flues are completed the builder carefully 

covers them with flagstones; he then cements the 

whole floor, and covers it with a sort of thick oiled 

paper for which Korea is famous. The rest of the 

house is then built around the completed floor. 

The lieating system works in this way: when it is 

time to cook the rice for the morning meal, the housewife 

lights a little straw or brushwood in the fireplace 

in the outer shed. While the rice is cooking. 

the heat from the fireplace passes through the flues, 

lieating the stone flags of the floor and diffusing a 

pleasant warmth that lasts until it is time to prepare 

the next meal. Two heatings a day generally suffice 

to keep the floor warm. On the floor the people sit 

by day and sleep by night. The heavy oiled paper 

that covers the floor prevents any smoke from entering 

the room. Since the occupants always leave their 

shoes at the door, the paper wears a long time and 

gradually takes on a rich brown color. So here tbe 

Koreans sit through the severe winter in their snug 

little houses ; there is no smoke to bother them and no 

ashes to litter up the house; and all this comfort is 

brought about by a few handfuls of stray or brushwood. 

Oxy-Acetylene Application in Foundries 

The oxy-acetylene department in the modern foundry 

is now as much a matter of course as the pattern 

shop or finishing room. The blowpipe is the accepted 

tool for cutting off steel risers because of its economy 

and speed, and in all welding operations, such as filling 

in of blowholes and building up of defective castings 

it is indispensable as a source of saving and especially 

because the oxy-acetylene weld which, being 

free from hard spots, contributes to ease and finish in 

machining. 

Repair of broken castings, while not so important 

in the foundry as elsewhere, because patterns are 

usually available for making new castings and because 

the material costs are not so high as in completed machinery, 

is nevertheless quite common wherever castings 

can be welded more cheaply than they can be 

replaced. This is frequently the case and has led to 

provision being made in most foundries for preheating 

whenever the welding is to be done in places where the 

application of a welding heat will set up stresses in 

casting. 

The modern foundry lends itself admirably to the 

production of quality acetylene welding. As a rule 

annealing ovens are ready to hand for the initial preheating; 

brick and coke are present for the building 

of ovens to provide final heating and annealing; and 

men who are experienced in the control of expansion 

and contraction are always at hand to supervise the 

work. .„ c 

In manv foundries special spaces are set ott tor 

the welding and cutting operations. An ideal procedure, 

where ample floor space is available, is to remove 

the castings from the molds, take them to a regular 

place for rough cleaning, next to a separate space 

fcr cutting off of risers, and finally to the grinders 

for finishing, where the defective castings are sorted 

out for removal to the welding division. 

Founders generally are accepting the conclusion 

that the manufacturers of equipment and supplies 

whose business is old-established and national in scope 

are best qualified to advise the consumer and best 

equipped to render him dependable service. 

The many ways of handling oxy-acetylene applications 

in the foundry illustrate the wonderful flexibility 

and adaptability of the process. Mention has been 

made of the cutting of steel risers. This may be done 

on the foundry floor where the castings are poured, or 

the work may be done at a specially assigned place. 

Filling in of blowholes, building up defective castings 

and repair of broken castings have also been, noted. 

There are numerous other things that can he done with 

oxy-acetylene or oxygen, such as scaling castings, 

cleaning ladles, burning salamanders, welding pipes, 

tools, structural shapes, machinery, guards, etc. 

In scaling castings a welding flame is applied to 

the refractory silica scale, wliich has a different expansion 

from that of the iron and cracks very readily, 

just as does the enamel of a bathtub when lieated. 

making it very easy to remove. This application 

does away with hammering and is a great time-saver. 

It also tends to make easier labor conditions in the 

foundry. 

Worn out or broken steel parts can be replaced or 

repaired by welding. Excellent pipe joints can be 

made and should always be welded where vibration 

is very pronounced. Machinery guards, safety rails, 

etc., are being made constantly by welding. The 

value of oxy-acetylene for tinkering around any plant 

having a machinist is such that a separate portable 

outfit "should be kept for the repair or emergency gang. 

The machinist who is assigned to this kind of work 

should be provided with literature on welding and cutting. 

What is said to be one of the best treatises available 

is the Oxweld Manual, which is published and 

distributed free bv the Oxweld Acetylene Co. of Newark, 

N. J., Chicago and San Francisco. 

Manv foundries assign production welders to do odd 

jobs. It is much better to have a regular shop master 

mechanic look after the shop work. For most of the 

work which requires expert manipulation competent 

men are now generally available. 

It should be borne in mind that while repairs to 

broken castings, even those of moderate size, occupy 

e nsiderable time and floor space, they are, in a great 

many instances, sources of savings that more than 

justifv the practice. The use of oxy-acetylene in 

'the foundry is susceptible of further profitable de 

velopment. 

THE ANNUAL REPORT of the Minister of Mines in 

the Province of British Columbia gives an account 

of the mining operations for gold, coal and similar 

materials. It is issued from the office of Minister 

of Mines Williani Sloan, Victoria, B. C. It consists 

of nearly 400 pages, includes a map of British 

Columbia, and then gives a report of what has been 

discovered and transpired and produced by the different 

mines in different sections.

METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 20. 1920 

Fig. 1—General View in Shop. 

Shop Well Equipped for Big Output 

A Sheet Metal Shop Which Through Efficient and Practical 

Arrangement Turns Out Regular and Special Work, 

Puttyless Skylights and Many Radiator Hangers 

IN the manufacturing section of Long Island City, uate engineer of Cooper Union, is in charge of the 

in the vicinity of the Queensboro Bridge and East estimating department. 

River water front, at 95 Webster Avenue, is lo Tiie one-story brick building occupied by this concated 

the busy sheet metal shop of A. H. Jeter & Co. cern sets on a corner plot of ground, 75 x 100 ft, 

This is where the Jeter wall radiator hangers and and faces the south. One half of the front of the 

Jeter's puttyless steel skylights and an extensive line structure is given over to the office, whieh is divided 

of architectural sheet metal work and special construction 

are produced. 

by the entrance hall, and to the drafting room. The 

rest of the frontage has been converted into a street- 

The managing personnel of this organization is comlevel garage, large enough to shelter a motor truck 

posed of three experienced tinsmiths and a graduate and runabout. Directly back of the garage are the 

engineer. A. H. Jeter, president, served his apprenticeship 

in Rueben Burton's shop at Richmond, Va., and 

stock or store room and the hardware or miscellaneous 

stock room. 

then for 5 years was journeyman tinsmith with M. F. In the space back of the office and drafting room 

Westergren. Inc.. Xew York City. L. Parehefeld. Sr., is located the 48 x 75-ft. shop, which is commodious 

who is mechanical su 

ind well ventilated 

perintendent, learned 

and skylighted. A 

his trade in Germany 

general view in the 

and spent his first 14 

shop is given in Fig. 

years in the L'nited 

1 from the point and 

States as foreman of 

in the direction indi 

Kerven Co., N e w 

cated by the arrow A 

York. C. A. Taylor, 

in the plan of the 

secretary .-ind treas 

shop given in Fig. 2. 

urer of the company, 

From the floor plan 

was tutored in tin 

it will be noted that 

smithing by George 

at the southwest and 

de Mott. Englewood, 

northeast corners are 

N. J., and terminated 

shipping platforms 

12 years of service 

and, since the floor of 

with the New York 

the shop, as well as 

Central et Hudson 

that of the storeroom, 

River Railroad as su 

is 3 ft. higher than 

perintendent of heat 

the street level, it is 

ing, sheet metal and 

very convenient for 

plumbing of the Hud 

trucks to back up 

son. Harlem and Put 

to these exits and 

nam divisions. L. 

then to load or unload 

Parehefeld. Jr., gradmaterial. 

Fig. 

l of Shop Showing Location of Benches and Equipment.

AUCUST 20. 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 23. 

Entering the shop from the entrance hall on the 

left is seen two 30-ft. work benches, while back of 

them, close to the wall, is the power-driven Frevert 

drill, followed by the Bliss power press, made by E. 

W. Bliss & Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.. shown in Fig. 3, 

from a point and in the direction indicated by the 

arrow B. This machine, with an angle iron stand 

on the left having rollers for facilitating the move- 

The Jeter Hanger for Wall Radiators. 

ment of the bars, can be fitted with different sizes 

of dies and is used to punch out the semi-circular 

ends and holes of the radiator hanger, such as that 

shown in Fig. 4. 

The hanger is made of VXin. thick wrought steel 

bars specially selected for the purpose. This endows 

it with a strength that insures holding the largest 

radiators without sagging to interfere with steam or 

hot water circulation. It is bent into final form, 

after being cut and punched in the press, in the 10-ft. 

Loy & Nawrath power brake shown in the background 

of Fig. 5 from a point and in the direction indicated 

by the arrow C. 

Along the remaining west side wall space beyond 

the Bliss press are placed more work benches and 

overhead is suspended a 10-h. p. electric motor, wliich, 

tlirougli pulleys and belting, supplies all the motive 

power that is required for the diffefent machines in 

the shop. 

Thc 10-ft. power brake shown in Fig. 5 is also 

used for bending molding and skylight parts and in 

thc foreground oi the same picture can be noticed 

the power-driven 10-ft. shears upon whicli all large 

sheets of metal are cut. Between these two machines 

is placed a convenient revolving bench. 

Fig. 5—View Showing 

Power Shears, Cornice 

Brake and Rolling Work 

Tables. 

East of these shears is a belt-driven 3-ft. crimping 

machine, while in the rear northeast corner is a 20-ft. 

rack of shelves, as shown in Fig. 1, for storing sheets 

of metal. Also along the east wall can be seen a 

Dreis & Krump 10-ft. hand brake and a Keene 4-ft. 

hand brake, while in close proximity to tliese may be 

discerned a Queen City and a Niagara 3-ft. squaring 

shears. 

In the center portion of the shop is mounted a 

power-driven mitre machine, shown in Fig. 6 from 

the point .and in the direction indicated by arrow D. 

This machine proves most useful in cutting mitres in 

bars and the other cutting operations required in making 

skylights. Note the rolling work bench in the 

foreground, the 3-ft. forming rolls to the left and at 

the extreme left in the background the Stiles foot 

punch mounted on a work bench. Finally two emery 

wheels and a grindstone complete the power-driven 

apparatus. 

Along the west wall of the storeroom i.s a steel bar 

rack for storing angles and bar iron, while the remaining 

wall space is utilized for similar orderly pur- 

Fig, j—The General Service Bliss Press and Racks Used in 

Making Raditor Hangers


Fig. 7—Smoke House For Virginia Cured Hams 

poses. In the hardware stockroom are shelves and 

small bins for the convenient storage of bolts, screws, 

nuts and miscellaneous supplies. 

A small part of the hardware stockroom has been 

commandeered for domestic purposes, since a sheet 

metal smokehouse for hams, as shown in Fio;. 7 bv 

Fig. 6—View Showing Miter Cutting Pres: Forming Rolls and Shop 

the arrow E on the plan, has been put up. And there 

the process is carried out under a smoldering sawdust 

or wood shavings fire, without anv inconvenience 

to and little attention from the workmen and thus 

-Mr. Jeter has introduced into Brooklyn Virginiacured 

hams. 

The many work benches shown in the illustrations 

and on the plans so facilitate the handling of the 

various operations required in the manufacture of the 

wall radiator hanger and the puttyless steel skylight 

that a relatively small force produces this entire output 

and enables the shop also to complete many advantageous 

contracts for special sheet metal work. 

Who Is on the Note? 

W H E N you loan money, it makes a lot of difference 

whose signature i.s on the back of the 

note as security. Tlie maker of the note may 

be perfectly solvent but every careful man wants a 

good endorser's signature on the back in case of 

.accident. 

Some years ago, Dan Feeny, a prospector and 

miner, came into a Western mining camp to raise a 

little money to develop a claim he had discovered and 

located. He sought the president of the local bank 

whom we will call McCaskell and told him that he 

was confident he could make the property a profitable 

producer if he could borrow $2,000 to develop it. 

"Do you know Hugh Wallace?" asked the banker, 

naming a mining engineer whom he knew was familiar 

with the district where Feeny's property was located. 

"Well, you go down to the Red Onion and you'll find 

Hugh out in front. You tell him about the property 

and say that if he'll endorse your note I'll lend vou 

the $2,000." 

Feeny departed and returned in half an hour with 

a face as long as the distance between Schenectady 

and Troy. 

"Did you see Hugh?" asked the banker. Feeny 

nodded. "What did he say?" 

Feeny hesitated a moment and then burst out: "He 

said: 'You go back and tell that old 6 per cent, nickel 

cuddler that if he'll endorse vour note, I'll lend vou 

$2,000 on it.' " 

You occupy exactly the same position as Wallace 

and McCaskell. When you invest money you want to 

be guaranteed that you will be paid in full. If you 

invest in Government obligations, such as Government 

Savings Stamps. Treasury Savings Certificates, and 

Liberty Bonds, you secure the best endorsement in the 

world, that of the American people. Every citizen, 

and every resource that they and country possess is 

back of that obligation to insure that it will be paid in 

full when due. While the above is for savers of money 

there is in it too good a point to be lost for the plumbing, 

sheet metal and heating contractor. It is that 

order tor work is not worth taking or having unless 

you know the customer will pay.


Increase in Demand for Zinc Probable 

From Low Cost and Wide Adaptability 

Zinc a Metal of Many Valuable Properties 

Arthur D. Terrili 

Z I N C from our tri-state mines is having a farreaching 

effect upon the world's industry. A 

train of high-grade zinc concentrate seventy 

miles long cannot be put upon the market in one year 

at pre-war prices without greatly influencing mankinds 

of manufacture and the trend of inventive 

thought. This district is shipping twice as much zinc 

as ever before at the present price. An over-supply 

of any commodity as useful as zinc creates wider markets 

and new uses. Slowly yet surely the world is 

awakening to the fact that an enormous supply of 

zinc for many years to come may be depended upon 

at a very attractive price. Such knowledge will soon 

bring a readjustment in industry whereby increased 

production can be absorbed. 

This present year will see a big demand for zinc in 

England. With almost prohibitive fuel prices and 

damaged smelting works, the rest of Europe can 

scarcely supply itself. Since only two-thirds of the 

American retorts are now in operation, our zinc output 

can be much increased. 

So vast is the present demand of copper, lead and 

zinc that it takes more than a million tons of each of 

these metals to supply the world's markets. 

Zinc will always rank high among the indispensable 

metals. Each of the metals has properties peculiar to 

itself. Zinc has many. Each also has properties in 

common with other metals, and the question of supply 

and price determine the choice for each particular use. 

In both quantity and price zinc has such a decided advantage 

that it is steadily replacing several other 

metals in many of their uses, e. g., copper, nickel, tin 

and aluminum. The encouragement to use zinc with 

such a price advantage is very great. 

There are a thousand articles of hardware in which 

"General Manager 

Mineral Point Zinc Co , Depue, 111. 

By Arthur D. Terrili 

Use Zinc—You'll Find It Never Fails- 

For shitij ;les, sheathing, roofing, nails 

For flashings, ceilings, gutteis, rails; 

For brasses, bronzes, batteries, bails. 

l 7r T lioilers, wash boards, dinner pails: 

For rubber, barbed wire, foils flails: 

For glues, and dyes, and drugs for ails; 

I se Zinc—-You'll Find It Never Fails! 

For galvanizing, tubs, and pails; 

For sherardizing, coins, and nails; 

Desilvering, paints, and scales; 

Electrotyping, tires, and sails; 

Preserving wood, and saving jails; 

F T se Zinc—You'll Find It Never Fails! 

—Arthur D. Terrili 

zinc could be used to a greater extent tban at present. 

We must learn to use zinc. In Europe zinc finds its 

Roofing Among 

the Many 

Uses for Zinc 

greatest use in roofs, whereas in 

America zinc roofs have been practically 

unknown until the last few 

month.s. Research laboratories, advertising 

campaigns, "make it of 

zinc" buttons, zinc utensil exhibits and special films 

are all helping. However, knowledge of the fact that 

an abundance of zinc is going to keep the country supplied 

for years at a low price, will be one of the greatest 

incentives to the increased use of zinc. 

If a steady stream of metal is kept entering the 

markets of the world at a price which is only a fraction 

of the price of competing metals, it will be better 

for the tri-state district than boosting the price to 

new levels. Reduced cost by improved mining methods 

and increased milling efficiency are urgent needs. 

The United States Bureau of Mines and the experimental 

laboratory which we have reason to believe will 

materialize, is going to help. We would hail a price of 

$100 per ton for zinc concentrate as a great blessing. 

Pig Iron Shortage in Scotland 

Shortage of pig iron is seriously affecting the iron 

and steel trades in Scotland, according to Trade Commissioner 

Wilbur J. Page. 

"The astonishing statement that manufacturers in 

the iron and steel trades in Scotland could, with the 

orders that are on their books at the present time, use 

10 to 50 per cent more of finished and semi-finished 

steel and foundry iron is corroborated by leading firms 

in the industry," says Mr. Page. "The cause of this 

shortage in Scotland is the extreme scarcity of Scotch 

and Cleveland pig iron. '


Information Prepared by Pratt Institute at Request 

of International Molders' Union Tbat Will 

Be Widely Instructive 

A Study in Cupola Operation 

The announcement of a new course in Foundrv Practice at the 

Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y., in the International Molders' Journal 

brought manv letters to present it where practical men everywhere 

could benefit from it. The following is the first article to be presented 

in the Journal as compiled bv Richard M. Van Gaasbeek, head of 

Pratt foundry, and James M. Nichol of Local No. 22. who is in 

charge of the classes. This article was arranged from the writings of 

various authors by the instructors. 

IN preparing this study of cupola operation, thc 

text is intended to be used in conjunction with the 

practical operation of the cupola in the foundry. 

These questions and condensed answers are arranged 

Cupula 

to assist the student in understanding 

,A ,• t' le 5. With what material is the cupola lined? 

Fire brick and clay. 

(>. How many thicknesses of brick are generally 

used? 

Two. 

principles involved, to help him ex- 

Uperatton ,. ., , . ., ., . 

' press Ins ideas and to aid the instructor 

in knowing how thoroughly the subject is understood. 

1. What is a cupola? 

A vertical hollow shaft furnace usually of cylindrical 

section, in which pig iron is remolded for tiie pur 

7. How are they placed in the cupola? 

The lining is usually made of two thicknesses of 

arch brick placed on end with the flat sides in radial 

planes. The outer lining is kept about 'A in. away 

from the shell to provide for expansion and the interval 

is filled in loosely with sand and broken brick. 

pose of casting. 

8. Why should the lining be dried before meltinq 

2. A arne two examples or types of furnaces used in iron? 

foundry work? State wherein they differ. 

To prevent the excessive burning out of the lining 

The cupola where the metal and fuel are in intimate during a heat. Also prevents the great difference in 

contact. The reverberatory furnace where the metal is the expansion of the inner and outer parts of the cu 

melttd by a flame passing over it. which tends to minpola. The brick are laid with very close joints in 

imize the amount of oxidation in the metal. 

mortar composed of fire clay and sand. 

9. What is meant by daubing up? 

3. Into how many zones or divisions is the cupola 

divided? 

The cupola is divided into five zones, viz.: 

Thc crucible zone extending from the sand bottom to 

the tuyeres. 

The tuyere zone extending from the crucible zone to 

the melting zone. 

The melting zone reaching from the tuyere zone to a 

point about 20 in. above the tuyeres. 

The charging zone extending from the melting zoneto 

charging door. 

The stack extending from charging door to top of 

furnace. 

t. ll hat are the functions uf each zone? 

The object of the crucible zone is to hold the melted 

iron and slag. 

The tuyere zone is where thc blast enters in contact 

with tin fuel. Here combustion begins. 

The melting zone is where the melting occurs, no 

metal being melted above or below it. The melting 

occurs through the upper 1 to (i in. of this zone. 

The charging zone is tliat part containing the 

charges of iron and coke. 

The stack is the continuation of the cupola from 

charging door through the roof. Contracting tlle stack 

above the charging door has no influence upon the efficiency 

of the cupola. 

The process of repairing the lining of a cupola. 

10. With what mi.rture is the lining daubed? 

A mixture of y4 fire clay and % sharp sand for a 

thickness of : A in. Any joints are well filled. 

11. Why is daubing necessary? 

To restore the defective parts of the cupola lining 

.after a heat to the original lines as nearly as possible. 

12. What is the liottom or base plate used for. 

lor emptying the cupola at the end of a heat. The 

bottom is made in two or four sections according to the 

size of the cupola. It should have a dozen or more 

%-in. holes drilled through to allow any moisture in 

the bottom to escape. The doors are held in place by 

an iron post under the center which can readily be 

knocked out to drop the bottom. 

13. What is the sand liottom? 

The Layer of sand rammed upon the bottom doors 

ot the cupola to form a sloping hearth or crucible 

bottom. 

11. How is the sand bottom formed? 

The plates or doors are brushed over with clay 

water. The sand spread on them and evenly rammed. 

The best plan is to ram in courses 2 in. deep and tuck 

the sand into the empty spaces between the fire brick 

lining and the doors by means of the fingers. The


whole of the bottom must be perfectly solid without 

being dead hard. If too hard or wet the molten iron 

will Blister or scab the sand, thereby leading to leakage. 

The bottom should slope in all directions toward 

the tapping hole, the slope being 1 in. in 1 ft. and it 

should reach the tapping hole exactly on a level with 

its lower surface. The bottom is then black washed. 

15. What is thc shell of the cupola? 

The riveted steel-plate structure forming the cylindrical 

container for refractory material used as a furnace 

lining. 

16. What is the wind box or air chamber? 

The chamber surrounding the cupola at the tuyere 

level to equalize the volume and pressure of the air 

delivered to the tuyeres. 

17. What relation exists between the area of the 

30. What determines the height of the tuyeres? 

The amount of iron to be melted at one tap. 

31. What height should the tuyeres be above the 

sand bottom? 

From 10 to 20 in. above the sand bottom, depending 

upon thc quantity of melted iron to be collected before 

tapping. Where the iron is allowed to run continuously 

from the spout and in foundries doing light work 

the tuyeres may be even lower than 10 in. 

32. What relation exists between the area of the 

tuyeres and the area of the cupola? 

Roughly, the tuyere area should be one-tenth the 

cross section of the cupola in small and one-seventh in 

large exemplars. 

33. What functions do the tuyeres perform? 

They are the governors. It is through them tliat life 

wind bo.r and the area of the tuyeres? 

and combustion is given to the fuel by rapidly sup- 

The area of the wind box should be three or four 

times the combined area of the tuyeres. 

p.ving air. 

31. What are the sight covers? 

18. Why should the area of the wind bo.r be Openings in the wind chambers covered by hinged 

greater than the area of the tuyeres? 

doors with windows made of mica to enable the at 

In order that there should be sufficient air reservoir tendant to inspect conditions inside the cupola during 

to permit a steady pressure. 

melting. If necessary a bar can be inserted to clean 

19. What is the blast pipe? 

the tuyers. 

The conductor through whicli air under pressure is 35. What is the breast? 

carried from the blower to the air chamber (wind box) The lining of the opening through wliich molten iron 


20. What is the blast? 

A strong artificial current of air. 

is drawn from a cupola. 

36. Ho-w is the breast formed? 

The breast is made by taking a mixture of one-half 

21. What is the function of the blast? 

molding sand and one-half fire clay, thoroughly mixed 

To help combustion. 

22. How is the air for the blast supplied? 

and just moist enough to be kneaded. A quantity of 

this is placed around a bar of the required diameter 

The air for the blast is supplied by centrifugal to form the tap hole. This is put on the bottom in 

blowers of the Sturtevant style or by positive pressure exact line with the slope and little pieces of coke cov 

blowers of the Root type. 

ered with clay placed about it and pressed togetlier 

23. For successful melting what pressure of air is tightly. The entire opening may be filled this way, the 

required? 

coke and clay being rammed into place. The idea is 

For successful melting a large volume of air at low to have a material that will resist heat and pressure 

pressure is required. From 8 to 10 ounces will usually as well as withstand the cutting- action of the molten 

be found sufficient, in no case should be allowed to exceed 

14 ounces. 

24. How many cubic feet of air per ton of iron 

metal. 

37. What is the tap hole? 

The opening in the breast of a furnace or cupola 

should be allowed? 

through which the molten metal is allowed to run out 

As a rule 30,000 cu. ft. of air per ton of iron is 

allowed. This is somewhat small, especially if the air 

over the spout. 

38. What is the spout? 

contains much moisture. 35,000 cu. ft. per ton is bet A channel casting bolted to the cupola. When lined 

ter practice. 

with refractory material, it forms the continuation of 

2.5. What effect does the pressure of tjie blast have the bottom and carried the metal from the ta]) hole to 

upon the castings? 

The castings produced by low blast pressure are 

the ladles. 

39. What is meant by slag? 

softer and stronger, the loss by oxidation is less, there A mineral refuse from the melting of metals, consist 

is less lag, less expenditure or power and less injury ing of earthy or mineral impurities. 

to the lining of the cupola. 

10. What is meant by slag hole? 

26. Does coke require less pressure than coal? 

An opening in the cupola slightly above the top level 

Coke requires less pressure than coal and more vol 

of thc molten metal to he held in it, through which the 

ume of air as well as greater tuyere area. 

slag is drawn off. 

27. What effect does too much blast have upon the 

•II. What is the charging door? 

mcial? 

An opening in the cupola through which the charges 

Too much air must be avoided as it reduces the temiierature 

of the cupola and may produce dull iron. are introduced. 

28. Should the maximum blast be applied at the 12. In preparing the cupola for melting how is the 

commencement of a heat? 

At the commencement the blast should be low and 

bed prepared for starting the fire? 

A bed of shavings is spread evenly over the bottom, 

gradually increased to the maximum 

cn this a layer of kindling wood, then enough cord 

29. Jrhat is a tuyere? 

wood in short lengths to come well .above the tuyeres. 

An opening in the body of the cupola through which 

the blast is forced into the fuel bed. 

The doors in the wind box or two or more of those


coverin the tuyeres should be left open to admit air blast is put on. to allow the charges in the stack to 

to the fire. 

become well lieated. The openings in the wind box 

43. How much wood should be used in starting the are closed immediately after starting the blast. 

fire? 

55. How soon will the molten iron appear at the 

Suflicient wood to set the coke burning rapidly. Any epont after the commencement of the blast? 

more than this only fills up the cupola with ashes and The molten iron will appear at the spout in from 

prevents the coke settling down in such a manner as 8 to 10 min. after the commencement of the blast. 

to give proper support to the iron when it is charged. 56. How much melted iron should the cupola fur 

1-1. How much coke should be used on the bed? nish ? 

The wood should be covered with coke from a depth In general, the cupola should furnish 20 lb. of 

of from 12 to 15 in. 

melted iron per niinute per square foot of area of the 

15. How is the fire lighted? 

melting zone. 

A torch or match is applied through the tap hole. 57. Hozc can two mixtures of metal in the same 

46. After the fire is lighted how much coke should heat he separated? 

be added to complete bed? 

If it is desired to change the mixture during a heat 

After the fire is lighted and the top of the coke bed an extra amount of coke put between the two kinds of 

becomes red, enough coke is added to bring the top of metal retards the heat sufficiently to insure the melt 

the bed 20 in. above the tuyeres when the wood has ing of the first mixture and its removal from the cu 

burned out. 

pola before the other mixture starts to melt, or, the 

47. What would be the effect of using too little iron in the cupola should be melted and tapped out. 

coke on the bed? 

The blast stopped and the bed renewed with coke. 

The iron, after commencement of heat, would be Another grade of iron is then charged up and all 

come dull, the cupola bunged up and the bottom may melted down. 

have to be dropped. 

58. For a long heat zAiat precautions should be 

48. What would be the effect of using too much matte in lining the cupola. 

coke on the bed? 

If the cupola is operated continuously during the 

The melting would be slow and dull. 

day it is necessary to line down to a smaller internal 

49. Horc is the necessary amount of coke on the diameter and use a correspondingly lower volume of 

bed determined? 

blast. Arrange for a smaller melting area per hour 

The necessarv amount of coke is determined by gag in order to have a thicker lining to fall back upon on 

ing the charging door. 

account of the demands made upon this by so long a 

50. What determines the subsequent charqes of heat. 

coke? 

59. JVhat is meant by melting losses? 

The subsequent charges of coke should be sufficient The melting loss in the cupola is the reduction in 

to locate the top of the melting zone about 20 in. above weight of the metal incident to the melting operation. 

the tuyeres. 

In a well-managed cupola it should not exceed 4 per 

51. What proportion of coke and iron between cent of the annual average. 

charges is considered good practice? 

60. What records should be kept by the melter or 

The amount of coke between each charge of the iron foreman? 

and the preceding one should be 10 per cent of the The cupola records should show the amount of fuel 

iron. It is not the best policy to run the risk of mak and metal charged and the analysis of the same. The 

ing a poor heat by cutting down the coke. 

hour and minute when charging began, when the first 

52. How often should the charges be continued? blast we put on and when the first iron ran over the 

The charges should be continued until the cupola spout and when the bottom was dropped. The num 

is filled to the charging door. 

ber of castings poured, the number of castings in re 

53. Should the coke and iron be distributed uniturns, scrap made, percentage of metal in castings, 

formly? Why? 

percentage of metal in returns and the percentage of 

In charging care must be taken to distribute both melting losses. 

iron and coke uniformly. The pig iron (broken) should 61. If hy are such records necessary? 

be charged first, beginning at the lining and proceeding 

toward the center, pigs should be placed sidewise 

They give the necessary information allowing a 

calculation of the melting rate, the melting ratio and 

to the lining. Next comes the scrap, if there are large 

pieces they should he placed in the center of the cu 

show whether the bed was right and form a basis for 

preparing charges for future heats. 

pola with the pigs surrounding them. The iron must 62. What is a foundry flux? 

be kept well around the lining and care exercised to 

avoid cavities. If the scrap is fine it must not he 

charged so closely as to impede the blast. After the 

iron comes the coke, which must be evenly distributed 

Any substance which promotes the melting of another 

is called a flux. It is added to the cupola 

charges to unite with sand, ash and dirt during the 

melting to form a slag. 

throughout. With irregular charging very unsatisfac 63. Why are fluxes used? 

tory results may be expected. It may not only cause When the molten iron is tapped away there re 

dull iron but also result in clogging up the cupola to mains within the cupola whatever sand and clav may 

such an extent as to stop the process of melting en have adhered to the metal and the ash of the fuel. 

tirely. 

When melting has progressed for some time, this 

54. How long after the fire is started is the blast refuse begins to give trouble in obstructing the proper 

put on? 

passage of the blast and eventually bungs up the 

The fire should be started about 2 hr. before the cupola. Hence it is necessary to get this material into


a fluid form in order to remove it during the heat if 

it accumulates to an annoying extent. 

64. What is the principal fluxing agent used in 

the foundry? 

Limestone, it is the cheapest and best. It may be 

marble, soft limestone, hard limestone, oyster shells, 

muscle shells, but it must be good. There should be 

at least 51 per cent of lime present. 

65. What quantity of fluxing materials should be 

used? 

The qauntity of limestone used need not exceed 1 

per cent in ordinary cases, that is, with scrap not over 

30 per cent, of the mixture. Where the scrap is dirty 

and in great excess the quantity may have to be increased 

to 2 per cent. 

66. What is the bod? 

A cone-shape lump of clay attached to the end of 

an iron or wooden bod stick, used to close the tap bole 


67. What is the bod stick? 

The bod stick is an iron bar about 1 in. in diameter 

having at one end a flat disc of 2V2 in. in diameter. 

To this disc is attached the clay bod used in stopping 

up the tap hole. 

68. How is the tap hole closed? 

In stopping the stream of molten metal, the bod is 

placed above thc stream at the tap hole, i.s forced 

downward into the hole, squeezing off the stream. 

69. What is the tapping bar? 

A long steel rod with a wedge or pointed end used 

to remove the bod. 

Sheet Shortage in Canada 

The famine in black and galvanized sheets which 

has been under way in Canada for the past three or 

four month.s continues to hold the market in its grip. 

Some dealers say that new material is being received 

from time to time, but this is by no means sufficient 

to take care of the heavy orders they have on their 

books, and is being doled out in small quantities to 

consumers whose needs appear to be the most urgent, 

and by the time a few of these have been taken care 

of the supply on hand is exhausted and there are still 

a large number of customers who are forced to wait 

until another supply arrives. The shortage has now 

become so acute that manufacturers are unable to get 

anything like enough sheets to keep their plants going 

at full time and some are complaining that they have 

been forced to cease the production of certain articles 


To MONEY IN THE BANK 

ATTENTION cannot be drawn tc a good thing too often and 

opportunity is afforded for more tradesmen to become 

aware that the first article in every issue for several months 

will be devoted to ma 1 ing tradesmen masters of the art of 

selling and that the opening of the serial will be made in the 

issue of Friday, Sept. 3, instead of the date originally set. 

More money is made by the tradesman who has watched 

salesmen and found THE PATH THAT LEADS by adopting the same 

method. TO MONEY IN THE BANK 

Tradesmen have all the information to induce a man to 

buy except the art of salesmanship and once acquired they can 

keep a corps of men busy carrying out the contracts they make. 

This means the use of an immense quantity of goods 

where the most profit lies. 

You can readily find and follow THE PATH THAT gg* 

•_• -ii 4. i . ., ii> . ,.t1 TO MONEY IN THE BflNK 

lf you will not let a single selling artitle 

pass unread and if you have your employees study and 

observe what they teach, the people in your community will 

be better served and they will sing your praises. 

You have the information and all you want is activity 

and the sales art to wear a deep rut in THE PATH THAT LEADS 

TO MONEY (N THE BANK

216 METAL WOP, KER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 20. 1920 

Business Profits Reduced When Truck Is Idle 

Important to 

Maintain Motor Truck Efficiency 

Regular Inspection of Storage Battery and Other Parts Essential 

T H E motor vehicle is a vital link in the successful 

development of a slieet metal or heating and 

plumbing business since goods must be taken from 

the transportation terminals and delivered to the job 

or shop and supplies, materials and tools carried 

from the shop to the job. Yet it is surprising to note 

how few managers and tradesmen have a regular and 

systematic inspection of their motor trucks or maintain 

a record of their performance. 

For efficient operation of the car or truck the electrical 

system must be in perfect working order and, 

since tlie storage battery is the heart of this system, 

of course it has to be taken proper care of. 

A storage battery is simply a device for storing 

energy at one time for use at another. Energy to 

m!,ny may be considered synonymous with electricity, 

but as electricity is not concrete mat- 

The Storage ter it cannot be stored. Therefore, 

Batteru electricity causes a chemical change to 

take place in certain substances when 

it is caused to now through them and these substances 

in endeavoring to return to their original state produce 

electricity. The process of putting energy into 

the battery is termed "charging" and when it is delivering 

energy it is "discharging." 

The storage battery, like the primary dry cell battery 

used for ringing door bells, consist of two kinds 

of plates covered by a solution which acts upon the 

plate in such a way as to give to one of them a tendency 

to deliver a current of electricity and to the 

other the tendency to draw in current. When a circuit 

between the plates is made like connecting them 

together witli a wire, there is a flow of electrical current 

through the wire due to the action between the 

plates and the solution. 

The storage battery, however, differs from the primary 

battery in that after the action of discharge 

has "taken place the plates and solution can be restored 

to their original or charged condition by sending 

a current of electricity through the batteries in a 

direction opposite to that of discharge. Thus a storage 

battery may be described as a "restorable" 

battery. 

There are two general types of storage batteries. 

The first is the lead-acid cell, such as the Exide, made 

by the Electric Storage Battery Co., Philadelphia: 

the Gould, the Gould Storage Battery Co., 30 East 

l-'ortv-second Street, New York City, and the Willard. 

the Willard Storage Battery Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 

The other type is the nickel-iron-alkaline cell, like 

the Edison, made by the Edison Storage Battery Co.. 

Orange, N. J. 

The hrst tvpe uses lead plates ad a sulphuric acid 

solution, while the Edison battery has nickel iron 

plates immersed in an alkaline electrolyte. 

On automobiles with an electric starter the battery 

is used as a reservoir from which energy is supplied 

to crank the engine, light the lamps and supplv sparks 

for ignition. The energy so used is automatically 

restored by the car's generator when the engine is 

running faster than a certain speed. On cars without 

starters the battery serves the same purposes except 

cranking the engine, but the energy must be 

restored by disconnecting the battery from the system 

and giving it a bench charge. 

Here is what liappens when starting a car: By 

pressing the starting button a switch is closed so that 

current ean flow from battery to starting motor. The 

starting motor begins to turn, spinning the 

To Start engine and, if the ignition switch is closed; 

the Car the current flows to the coil and distribtor 

and finally to the spark plugs. The 

engine now turns under its own power and the starting 

motor is automatically disengaged. Current from 

the generator is being supplied to the battery so that 

it will be there available for lighting, ignition and 

restarting. 

No battery works alone, but when in service it is 

only part of the electrical circuit. Other parts are 

the generator, the starting motor, the distributor, the 

coil and the connecting wires. Every moving part 

has to be working properly or the battery suffers. 

There are three prime causes of trouble in the electric 

system: Loose connections, dirt and wear. Dirt 

or water in the distributor, worn motor or generator 

brushes, dirty spark plugs and a broken or short circuit 

in the wiring are all conditions to be guarded 

against. 

Just because the storage battery is snugly tucked 

away out of sight is no reason that it be out of mind. 

It requires very little attention but that 

Regular little is absolutely necessary and vital. 

Attention The importance of regular attention*can- 

Esscntial not be too strongly emphasized. Neglect 

and abuse to-day may not show up for 

weeks or months, but eventually the penalty is paid. 

These simple rules, if followed, should forestall 

most battery trouble: 

1. Keep plates just covered with solution 

and add only distilled water. 

2. Take hydrometer readings even' two 

weeks in the winter and weekly in summer and 

if thev are less than 1.150, recharge of battery 

is necessary. A reading between 1.150 and 

1.200 indicates half charged battery and, if there 

is no charging generator on the car. the battery 

must be recharged. Readings above 1,225 show 

battery is in working condition.

AUGUST 20. 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 247 

3. Keep connections tight .'ind covered with 

vaseline. 

1. Keep filling plugs tight and battery dry 

and clean. 

5. Watch for overheating, particularlv in 

summer. Danger point near at 100 deg. Fahr. 

In the winter time the tax on the battery is the 

heaviest. The days are short and often stormy. The 

nights are long and dark and the car lights are used 

more frequently. The engine is cold, the oil stiff and 

carburetion is slow. Therefore, it is harder to crank 

the motor and it requires more time. Generally the 

car is run at slower speed and for shorter distances so 

that the battery gets less current from the generator 

although it must give out more current to lights and 

starter. 

If the motor car is kept during the winter in an 

unheated garage, there is always the danger of the 

battery freezing. Therefore, frequent hydrometer 

readings should be taken and the battery kept charged 

to capacity. A temperature of 60 deg. below zero is 

required to freeze a fully charged battery of 1.260 

specific gravity, but a half-charged battery of specificgravity 

of 1.210 freezes at 20 deg. below zero, while 

a battery further discharged is in danger around zero 

weather. 

The institution of a regular and systematic inspection 

of all parts of the motor truck and the making 

of a record of its performance not only adds to the 

length of service received hut prevents the profits of 

the business being curtailed through truck breakdowns 

or forced idleness. 

Requirements for a Sanitary and Healthful Shop 

Efficiency of Workers Increased by Provision of 

Good Clean Air and Proper Ventilation 

W I T H each passing year results are more forcibly 

impressing employers with the necessity of 

having safeguarded, healthful and comfortable 

conditions prevail in offices and workrooms in order to 

operate business at highest efficiency. In addition to 

general cleanliness and orderliness, pure air, freedom 

from dust and gas, adequate light, good drinking water, 

proper toilet rooms, wash rooms and lockers are 

essential, and they all have an influence on efficiency, 

says Bulletin No. -17, issued by the Federal Board for 

Vocational Education. 

In some places where there is no g_s or smoke good 

ventilation can be obtained by opening every window 

in the room at the top and bottom, thereby producing 

a circulation of air in and out and to avoid drafts, a 

12-in. board may be so attached at the top of the sash 

alt an angle of* 45 deg. as to extend 1 in. above it, 

wliile a similar board should be placed vertically on 

the window sill about 2 in. back from the sash. 

Each room should be provided with a thermometer 

and a temperature of 60 to 65 deg. should be maintained 

where active work is being done, while for 

sedentary work 68 deg. is advisable. 

In the' average foundry or forge shop good ventilation 

can be secured if the roof is sufficiently high and 

there is adequate window space on the sides and a 

spacious monitor extending through the center of the 

building. 

• ust ur o-as condition in a shop, no matter how bad, 

can be eliminated by a properly designed exhaust system, 

which catches the fumes as near the place of 

origin as possible by a suitably de- 

To Eliminate signed enclosure or hood and prevents 

Bust and Gas them from becoming disseminated in 

the air. For buffing and polishing 

wheels the sides of the hood should cover at least the 

back half of the wheel, as determined by a vertical 

.ine drawn through the axis. The top should be so 

constructed tbat it comes as close to the wheel as possible 

when the latter is new and be provided with an 

adiustable guard or slide wliich can be lowered as the 

surface of tlie wheel wears down. 

A hood without a catch basin is recommended as 

more efficient. The outlet pipe of the nood should be 

attached at an angle of 45 deg. to the vertical and an 

adjustable apron should be attached at the mouth of 

tiie hood witli its farthest point not closer than 4 in. 

to the nearest point of the wheel. 

On buffing and polishing wheels 4 in. or less in 

width, the hood should be 6 in. wide, while on wheels 

larger the hood should be not less than 2 in. or more 

than 3 in. wider than the wheel. 

The general construction of a hood for grinding 

wheels is the same as for buffing wheels, except that 

it must be made sufficiently strong to sustain the shock 

of an explosion and the top should extend forward not 

Vss than 25 deg. beyond a vertical line drawn through 

the axis of the wheel. Where heavy grinding is done 

a h -od with a catch basin is desirable. 

The following sizes of inlet pipes are recommended 

for hoods on grinding, buffing and polishing wheels: 

Diameter of Wheel Diameter of Pipe 

0 to 10 in. 3 to 4 in. 

HI to IS in. 4 to 5 in. 

IS to _4 in. .5 to 6 in. 

Over 24 in. 6 in. 

The smaller sizes of pipes specified above are for 

light work and where the hood covers two-thirds of 

the wheel. The inlet pipe should be attached to the 

main pipe at an angle of 15 deg. The area of the 

main pipe should equal the combined area of the inlet 

pipe plus 20 per cent. The main pipe should be 

placed below the hood and as close to the wheels as 

possible. A cut-out gate should be provided in each 

inlet pipe. 

A sanitary toilet room is a prime necessity and 

should be so Incited as to open to the outside light 

and air. Four square feet of window space should be 

provided for one water-closet or urinal and 2 sq. ft. 

for each additional fixture. Individual water-closets 

with howls made of vitreous china are the best and 

one closet should be provided for every twenty emiiloyees. 

It is desirable to have the partitions between

METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 2D, 1920 

closets 5 to 6 ft. high with 6 to 12 in. open space at 

the bottom and a dwarf door provided for each compartment. 

Many toilet rooms are made insanitary by 

poor urinals. The full-length ruinal made of earthenware 

proves quite satisfactorv and one should be provided 

for every forty men employed. 

Every plant should be provided with adequate washing 

facilities and one outlet for every six employees 

is a good standard. Common towels should be provided. 

Clothing lockers should occupy a separate room 

and the ventilated steel type is the most sanitary. 

Pure drinking- water with faucets placed conveniently 

for the workmen is essential to efficiency in a 

shop. The common drinking cup should be prohibited, 

while sanitarv bubbling fountains should be provided 

and the cup should be so constructed as not to 

serve as a container, thus compelling the employees 

to "bite the bubble." The jet or discharge stream 

of water should be at a small angle with the vertical. 

Keeping all parts of the building and the surrounding 

grounds clear of rubbisli and dirt is not only an 

aid to health, accident and fire prevention, but sets a 

good example for the employees to follow, particularly 

when waste receivers are plentifully supplied. 

Reviving an Old Maxim 

'By Edward Hautt ' 

THERE apparently occurs every so often a time 

when the community or the individual must submerge 

personal issues and consider the effect 

which their acts will have upon society as a whole. 

The present time calls for a most liberal application 

of the Golden Rule not only in the building business, 

but in the business of the world. 

Nations should pause in their greedy scramble for 

new territory while the getting is good to ask themselves: 

"Is it wise to take advantage of what is apparentlv 

an opportunity to profit by the inability of 

our opponents to resist?" Similarly in our own particular 

business, should not contractors ask themselves: 

"If I were compelled by necessity to build to-day, 

would I feel fairly treated if I had to pay the prices 

demanded?" Should not material producers and dealers 

say to themselves: "Is it right for me to ask the 

public under the stress of emergency produced by war 

conditions to pay the prices I am asking?" And the 

building mechanic ask himself: "If I were compelled 

to build would I wish to give the rate of pay for the 

service which I am giving.'''' 

In each case tlie answer probably would be "No." 

But until the various interests throughout the world, 

whether national, state, municipal, group or individual 

employer or employee, so order their demands upon 

the rest of humanity, that they ask no more than they 

would voluntarily give in the same case, we shall have 

strife and turmoil in every department of society. In 

other words, if the individual will lay aside self-interest, 

and work for the community as a whole, conditions 

will soon become normal. 

There is nothing new in the problem of human existence. 

To-day's problems are only a recurrence of 

what has gone before. Disputes have always been 

*Strobel Steel Construction Co., Chicago. 

adjusted by one side or the other wielding to either 

force or persuasion. Therefore, why not clarify the 

present unsettled condition by anticipating what is 

surely coming to pass, by giving up untenable demands 

for intolerable conditions and by going ahead 

cn the principle that what is objectively good for the 

other fellow is subjectively good for us? Some one 

must make the start. Why not do it now? Stabilize 

our own industry, and if possible, set an example to 

the rest of the world?—Bulletin of Associated General 

Contractors. 

Must Solve Our Own Problems 

First 

MEMBERS of the engineering professions were 

recently told by Herbert C. Hoover that if 

America is to contribute to the cause of civilization, 

it must first solve its own problems. He declared 

that both national and world problems were 

predominately economic. "We are swamped with 

debt," he said, "and burdened with taxation. Credit 

is woefully inflated and speculation and waste are 

rampant." 

Every economist agrees that the solution of these 

economic problems, important and so pressing in the 

affairs of the nation, depends on thrift, wise buying, 

elimination of waste and extravagance and on saving 

and safe investment, preferably in Government savings 

cpr-n-itjps. 

Yet the same papers which reported Mr. Hoover's 

conclusions carried news that $1,600,000 worth of furs 

had been sold that same dav at prices showing an average 

of over 50 per cent, over tliose recorded last fall. 

The manufacturers and those who receive these extraordinary 

puce, a.,._: "Weil, what are you going to 

do about it?" 

There is but one thing for the public to do about 

high prices. That is. for eaeh individual to buy no 

more than actual necessity demands until such prices 

have been abolished. The reduction in demand for 

luxuries and non-necessities thus secured will mean 

an increase in production of real necessities with a 

consequent price reduction right down the line. 

If the money thus conserved is put into Government 

savings securities, such as Government Savings 

Stamps and Treasury Savings Certificates until prices 

fall, the money will be kept safe, it will yield a profit 

and will be ready for use when the purchasing power 

ot the dollar has returned to normal. 

Profits come to the man who takes advantage of 

sure opportunities. Buy Liberty Bonds NOW, while 

market prices are favorable. They are "backed by the 

nation's strength." 

You CAN'T LOSE the handsome profits due you if 

you buy Liberty Bonds at present market prices and 

keep them until maturity. The wealth and credit 

of the nation are pledged to their redemption at par. 

'Aery well." said Mohammed to the Liberty Bond. 

"If I can't sell you at par I will buy some of you at 

present bargain prices !" Whereupon he went and did 

thus, and eventually took profits accordingly. And 

his action became a tradition among men.



problems— the place to 

gather and to scatter Information. 

SEK 

FROM L. A. W., Los ANGELES, CAL.—On looking 

over the article on page 27 of METAL WORKER, PLUM 

BER AND STEAM FITTER of July 

Patterns for 9, 1920, for a pattern for spiral 

Spiral Chute chute, I am surprised at Fig. 3. 

Around Cylinder The pattern as given is impos- 

.: sible, as I have shown in one 

corner of my sketch. I have developed this pattern 

by triangulation without twist. 

ANSWER: The sketch sent in by our correspondent 

shows the two ends of the pattern shape in Fig. 3 

joined together, making an abrupt break, thus indicating 

that our correspondent traced the pattern as it 

appears on page 29, and joined the two ends together, 

but failed to read in the text the cause of this exaggerated 

taper along the lines J-E and H-F. For his 

benefit as well as for others, who only look at the cuts 

and do not read the text, the following will clear up 

any misunderstanding. The problem is one where the 

elbow sections are to be made from heavy metal and 

one end had to fit inside of the other, thus requiring 

a slight taper at the ends of the pattern shape, greatly 

exaggerated in Fig. 3. In so small a drawing as 

shown on page 29 this taper could not be shown and 

it was for this reason that the difference was exaggerated 

in diameters between the neutral diameter 

of the small end and the neutral diameter of the large 

end, as shown respectively by the profiles h and i 

above the pattern shape in Fig. 3. The girth of the 

small diameter was placed on the line C-l) and the 

girth of the large diameter on the line T-G, causing 

the exaggerated taper from J to E and II to 1 m 

the pattern. Knowing that this exaggerated taper 

might cause misunderstanding, there was mentioned 

in the text on page 29, second column, tenth line from 

the bottom the following caution: "Note the taper 

from J to E and H to F whicli is greatly exaggerated. 

so as to show the principles involved." Instead of 

our correspondent reading the text, he simply traced 

the pattern, as shown in Fig. 3, joined the two ends 

J-E and H-F and of course had an irregular break. 

As before-mentioned, this exaggerated taper was put 

in to show the principles involved in allowing for 

the lapped joint for No. 10 or 9-64-in. thick metal. 

FROM F. R., VERMONT—While in the home of one 

of my customers the owner's wife was complaining of 

the excessive heat, most of which was caused by the 

kitchen range and, as they had an oil stove for the 

cooking, the range fire was necessary only because of 

the need of hot water. 

This furnished lead for me to suggest that if she 




-ma_AHS 

would have a kerosene water heater installed it would 

eliminate the need of thc fire in the range and supply 

all the hot water wanted. I suppose the wiseacres 

would say that I took advantage of 

Hot JVater With- the psychological moment, but I 

out the Heat of would go a little further than that 

a Kitchen Fire and say that 1 read the METAL 

WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER and therefore knew of the things needed for 

my customer's wants. I got the job and installed a 

two-burner Perfection water lieater, as shown by the 

accompanying illustration. 

Arrangement .7 

Two-Burner Perfection 

Water 

Heater. 

I took off the drain faucet and put a nipple and 

tic in the line at that point and put the faucet back 

in the end of the tee. From the other outlet I ran 

%-in. galvanized pipe to bottom connection of water 

heater. From tin top of the water lieater I ran flow 

pipe up to and connected with the hot water line just 

as it left the boiler. 

I put the heater up higher than I wanted to, as my 

customer wanted the oil burners up away from the 

floor draft. While this makes it heat a little slower, 

the water, on leaving the heater, is some hotter on 

account of the slower circulation. It is working to 

the satisfaction of my customer and she has recommended 

her friends to have the same kind installed by 

me. It is just one more case where I have found it 

{Continued on pnije 262)

METAL WORKER, PLUMRER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 20. 1920 


Outings in thc Trade The Buyer Becoming Careful 

T H E R E is room for only one opinion about trade 

outings, and that is, that they arc a good thing 

for the tradesmen and their customers. A custo 

mer has a great deal more respect for the man who 

shuts up his establishment once a year and takes a 

day off with his fellow tradesmen to make their ac 

quaintances, to establish more firm friendships and to 

exchange information from whicli the customer will 

benefit. This impression is more deep and lasting on 

the man who may come to the establishment for some 

thing to be done and go to another and another and 

then find that in all the windows there is a notice of 

the outing of the association of which the tradesman 

is a member. That man will realize then that these 

notices have been banging in front of him for some 

time and he should have timed his visit to suit the con 

veniences better. One of the gifeat difficulties or 

drawbacks to a general smooth running of a trade 

and the cause of friction and unnecessary competition 

and price cutting is the lack of personal acquaintance 

and sound confidence among the tradesmen in the 

same line. The great need all through life as it is 

lived under the present conditions is more mingling 

with the fellowman. The feeling of brotherly interest 

interferes with the narrow-minded criticism that some 

times is offered of the man with whom you are com 

peting for the business. If you know him well and 

have a kindly interest in his welfare, when somebody 

comes along and says his prices are very much below 

yours, your very knowledge of his every-day life en 

ables a serene feeling in spite of the reported cause 

for exasperation. You know that the man is incapable 

of the things which are reported about him. A sound 

friendship will insure your being able to go to his 

shop and get the things you want when you are in 

special need. You will know also that he will send 

you a good workman under certain stress if you have 

to have one. It will also prepare you to make like 

sacrifices for his benefit. This is the reported result 

from all sections of the country of thc friendships 

formed at many outings and is the reason that outings 

occur every year and are encouraged by the sounder 

members of tin- trade because they know there will 

be benefits for .ill. particularly when there is a feeling 

of unrest .'ind suspicion abroad in the world which 

may creep in among those in the same field. 

E V E N in repairs it is becoming customary for 

those who need the services of the plumber, the 

heating contractor or the sheet metal worker to 

ask for a bid on the work tliat is needed. Prices 

have advanced so much in the labor and in many ma 

terials that those who do not take precautions in 

knowing cost in advance have felt that they have been 

bitten. Therefore, as the result of their talk with 

others and their previous experiences, they are insist 

ing on knowing in advance what will be the expense 

for necessary repairs. In many instances after the 

price is given as correctly as it is possible under the 

circumstances, the price has been considered too high 

and the order has been withheld for the needed work. 

This situation is being quite widelv reported. It en 

tails upon contractors in this field the necessity of do 

ing needed publicity work to make it clear to buyers 

why it is impossible to quote anything like the old 

prices under present conditions. They should fa 

miliarize themselves with the governing factors so as 

to be able to make it clear that a wait or delay will 

bring little relief and may entail further expense to 

put the property in proper condition to withstand the 

ravages of time and weather. 

Too little educational work has been done in our 

field by those engaged in it. In consequence, the pub 

lic entertains feelings of suspicion for which there 

are no grounds, except the neglect to make everybody 

familiar with the situation. While first-class skilled 

workmen were formerly employed from $4 to $6 a day, 

now $10 to $12 a day is nearer the wage for much 

less skillful and efficient workmen. The prices of 

many materials show as much as a 50 per cent ad 

vance and some very much more. 

The man who lias kept his trade papers and can 

turn to the markets of a year ago and the present time 

can make it very clear to his customers that his prices, 

while very burdensome to those who must have work 

done, are nevertheless absolutely fair and give prom 

ise of holding for some time yet to come. Those who 

neglect to do such educational work naturally run 

into some disagreeable experiences and an occasional 

loss of a customer.


News of the 


Western Trade Golfers Meet at Kenilworth 

Good Scores and Close Competition Mark Thc Day 

Next Meet At Riverside, 111., Aug. 31 

A day of real sport was enjoyed by forty-four 

members and guests of the Western Trade Golf Association 

at the North Shore Golf Club, Kenilworth, 

111., on Tuesday, Aug. 10. liven though Old Sol did 

not make his appearance until late in the morning, and 

little showers dampened the turf during the qualifying 

round, the enthusiasts did not let it interfere with their 

pleasure and were finally rewarded with an ideal day. 

Some excellent scores were turned in at the end of 

the morning round, E. J. Ewing shooting a 37, which 

is only 2 above par for the 9 holes, while "Sandys'' 

guest, J. G. Miller, shot the 9 in par. 

All did justice to an excellent luncheon, served in 

the club house at noon, after which the foursomes were 

made up for afternoon play. The rivalry was keen 

and some good scores were made for the association 

cup and flight prizes. 

Bill Byrd did the 18 holes with a gross of 95, and 

his handicap of 29 gave him a net of 66; so that the 

association cup was his. Two incidents during the 


Gross Handicap net 

C. E. Hastings 46 9 37 

F. D. Keeler -II 3 38 

It. E. Keeler 51 12 39 

1. G. Miller (Guest) 37 2 35 

"H. E. Harper 61 15 49 

II. M. Algeo • 61 15 46 

F. Curtis (Guest) 61 15 46 

E. W. Sanborn 46 10 36 

L. B. Fulton _ 14 34 

H. W. Booth 55 15 4f) 

W. W. Wickersham 43 7 .'6 

J. E. Sharp 53 9 44 

C. C. Choate 55 IS .40 

A. S. Lindeblad 57 15 42 

los. Carroll 52 8 44 

H. II. Shaw 46 6 40 

Wm. Byrd 50 14 36 

K. Collings •• 46 10 , 38 

G. \V. Christopher 48 10 38 

F. S. Crumley .48 15 33 

C. R. Elliott 53 13 40 

A. L Ewing 42 6 36 

C. M. Sherrill 53 13 40 

.E. C. Garritv 60 15 45 

K. C. FHndef 47 10 37 

W. E. McCullem 65 15 50 

Hugh Witney 47 10 37 

G. J. Meyer 55 15 40 

D. E. McCabe 46 10 36 

I. P. Dugger 53 15 38 

F. P. Keeney 45 9 36 

C. P. Herbert 45 " 9 3s 

H. Evans 55 . 15 , 40 

M. T. Czarnccki 44 8 36 

... H. Blatchford -.. 44 8 36 

Paul Blatchford 48 9. 38 

VV. B. Dale 46 14 39 

I,. R. Taylor 45 6 39 

Martin Weil 61 15 46 

water hazard on the course. 

A fine dinner was enjoyed in the. evening, and 

Vice-President Wickersham served as master of ceremonies 

in the absence of President Little. When it 

was announcd that Bill Byrd had won the association 

cup, he "arose to the occasion and launched the trophy 

appropriately." The winners of flight prizes were as 

Left Top—M. J. Czarniecki Driving: Off. Right—Shtir- 

Tite Curtis at the Tee. Below—H. Evans, B. C. Garrity. 

H. B. Sherrill and A. S. Lindeblad. 

follows: F. S. Crumley, C. P. Flerbert, H. E. Keeler. 

F. D. Keeler, M. J. Czarniecki, C. Elliott, J. P. Dugger, 

P. M. Munn, F. P. Keeney and A-. J. Ewing. 

The host of the day, C. E. Hastings, with a net 

score of 70, was presented with the gue.st prize, a 

silver metal fob of the association, and the board of 

directors of the North Shore Golf Club was given an 

unanimous vote of thanks for the courtesy extended 

the association. 

Both E. C. Garrity and H. M-. Algeo had a gross 

score of 129 for the 18 holes, so were tied for the 

Duffers' Cup.' This tie will be played off at the next 

meet. 

Six new members were elected and-arc J. E. Sharp. 

Milwaukee; Henry O'Callaghan, O. C. Steen, Albert 

day's play besides thc winning of the cup will serve Webb, Paul Johnson and A. T Marten. • _,.-. 

to make it a memorable day. For one thing, he has The next tournament of the association' will be :oti 

been promised that an ojieration will be performed Aiigust-31 at Riverside. 111., and at this meet-"Dick" 

on that handicap. Then at the fourth hole his ball Collings will donate a- non-electric vacuum cleaner-to 

bit the tee marker and landed in the water pail at the 

tee box, so that Bill put a new (and the only one)

METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER Ana sr 20. 1920 

be played for in blind bogy between 70 and 100. 

J. E. Sharp invited the association to play at the 

AFTERNOON PLAY IN FOURSOMES 

Gross Handicap net 

Frank S. Crumlev (winner) 98 30 65 

I.. B. Fulton 98 28 70 

I. G. Miller 79 5 74 

\V. B. Dale 100 28 78 

Wm. Bvrd (cup winner) 95 29 66 

C. P. Herbert (winner) 87 18 69 

D E. McCabe 100 21 79 

E. W. Sanborn 100 30 80 

H. E. Keeler (winner) 98 24 74 

R. C. Flinder % 21 75 

II. E. Whitney 97 20 77 

(.. E. Hastings 88 18 -0 

F. D. Keeler (winner) 81 6 75 

L. R. Taylor «5 12 i3 

Paul Blatchford 93 18 75 

Richard Collings Did Not Finish 

M. 1. Czarniecki (winner) 87 16 71 

X. H. Blatchford 96 25 71 

C. C. Choate 112 30 82 

H. W. Booth 113 30 83 

C. Elliott (winner) 90 24 72 

II. W. Evans 102 36 72 

C. M. Sherrill 101 26 75 

C. J. Meyer 113 30 82 

I. P. Dugger (winner) 98 24 74 

1. E. Sharp 90 24 72 

A. S. Lindeblad 106 30 76 

los. Carroll 106 16 90 

P. M. Munn (winner) 104 30 74 

II. E. Harper Ill 30 81 

Frank Curtis 112 30 82 

RH. M. Algeo 129 30 99 

V P. Keeney (winner) 114 30 84 

Martin Weil 118 30 88 

W. E. McCollum 123 30 90 

E. C. Garrity 129 30 99 

A. I. Ewing (winner) 80 13 67 

H. 'Shaw 84 12 72 

W. W. Wickersham 91 15 76 

G. W. Christopher 101 18 83 

Wm. T. Brace 101 30 7 

U. L. Ottke 83 12 7 

T. Martin 112 30 82 

exhibition of material or to make room reservations 

for those who intend to attend the meeting. It is 

expected that it will be a large meeting because the 

officers of some 300 cities have receiv id from President 

Groeniger a letter explaining the i bject and purpose 

of the meeting and the desirab ity of having 

their plumbing inspector or city sai itary engineer 

attend the meeting. 

Chicago Plumbers Enjoy Outing 

Large Attendance at Enjoyable Gathering at 

Michigan City, Ind. 

F'our hundred master plumbers, their ladies, children 

and guests heeded the call of President C. W. 

Alcock to see what Ernie Wagner and his staff had 

in store for them at the outing of the Chicago Master 

Plumbers' Assoeiation at Michigan City, Ind., on 

Aug. 12. 

The crowd gathered early and found points of vantage 

to enjoy the sail. The committee lined the dock 

and were solicitous for everyone's comfort. There 

was a capacity crowd aboard and when the steamer 

Florida shored off Secretary Peter Munn, Charley 

Drier and about 25 others were not on board. It was 

a great disappointment and as National Vice-President 

Joe Cannon said, "All the regular fellows were 

left behind." But were the "R. F." downhearted? 

Nix. They waved good-by and trotted down to the 

railroad station, climbed on the "rattler" and arrived 

just as the steamer was warped into her berth at 

Michigan City. Some connection and reunion. 

Past National President Pat. Murphy expressed 

great concern for Ernie Wagner's safety and said that 

Blue Mound Golf Club, Milwaukee, some time in Sep he'd try the case promptly. 

tember, and Frank D. Keeler asked the club to play 

On the boat the older folks enjoyed the breeze or 

on the Rockford Country Club course. Both invi 

played cards while the younger ones danced to sharpen 

tations were accepted. 

Sanitary Engineers" Program 

their appetites. Another group forward sang popular 

as well as old-time songs with "Bill" Gawne con 

Interesting Papers To Be Read At Annual Meeting 

ducting. 

In St. Louis 

The first thought on landing was "let's eat," so 

Through the courtesy of President William C. lunches were quickly spread out under trees in the 

Groeniger of the American Society of Sanitary En park beside the lake and the good things disappeared 

gineers, a look-in is enjoyed on the program for its in short order. The beach attracted many, who found 

meeting in St. Louis Sept. 7. 8 and 9. Papers or the water fine and the sun hot—a 'most enjoyable 

addresses will be read or made by William J. Woolley and satisfying combination. 

of the Trade Extension Bureau, Evansville, Ind.; Ed. Benning, state president, was admiring the 

W. W. Hughes, a prominent plumber of Minneapolis, sand dunes in company with W. C. Haviland, state 

Minn.; Frank R. King, state plumbing inspector for secretary, who absented himself from his new office in 

Wisconsin ; Aden F_. Smith, state plumbing inspector Aurora for a day's fun with the Chicago boys. He 

for Ohio; Professor W. S. Dibble, of the Carnegie said that he had witnessed a marvelous sight-—Presi 

Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Thomas J. dent Benning tackling a beef steak and marveled at 

Claffy, assistant chief of the Bureau of Sanitation, his capacity and continuing slim figure. Judgment 

Chicago. 111.; A. C. Shaver, building and plumbing- was asked of C. H. Bishop, Domestic Engineering, 

inspector of Pasadena, Cal.; and Harvey A. Call, and A. V. Hutchinson, METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

associate editor of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

STEAM FITTER, a paper entitled "The Value of the 

Trade Press to the Sanitary Engineers." 

STEAM FITTER, and they decided the president carried 

it well and looked comfortable. 

The warning whistle interrupted Chas. Taffe's last 

While the president is doing this work from head root beer, but he said he was satisfied. Four o'clock 

quarters, 8 East Chestnut Street, Columbus, Ohio, found the 400 on their homeward way, including the 

arrangements are also being made for the meeting iu "lost" 25. 

St. Louis by Stephen H. Gilmore, who has already Quoits and other games amused many, wliile the 

planned for the headquarters to be the American An children had great sport with Charley Bishop's 

nex Hotel, southeast corner Sixth and Market Streets, balloons. 

St. I.ouis. and is prepared to make arrangements for Dancing was resumed and the wind shipped up a

AUGUST 20, 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMRER AND STEAM FITTER 253 

little choppy sea that brought out new dance steps for mittee announcement that the annual outing for tlie 

their first public appearance, causing as much fun for families of the members will be held in Maywood 

the spectators as the participators. 

Grove, Fairwood, N. J., on Saturday, Aug. 21. Tlie 

Old acquaintances were improved and new friends committee in charge consists of A. C. Krieger, C. 

made and the dav was a great success from every Steller, C. Zimmerman, P. Geist, F. Dresher and W. 

standpoint. 

T. J. Orriss, 309 Kerrigan Avenue, West Hoboken, 

N. J., who is the treasurer of the committee and from 

whom tickets can be procured. The watchword of the 

Newark's Plumbers Annual Field Day trade to-day is "co-operation" and this is prominently 

presented in the notice for the meeting and in which 

Twenty-sixth Outing to Be Held at Hollywood Park Sept. 11 

all are invited to participate and insured a good time. 

It is pointed out that close alliance is a further step 

It will be our pleasure to enjoy tbe hospitality of 

the Master Plumbers' Association of Newark, N. J., at 

the annual outing, of which members are appraised 

as follows: 

Wednesday, Aug. 14, 1920. 

Master Plumbers and Their Friends. 

Gentlemen: 

Another yenr lias rolled around and we are again anticipating 

a day of pleasure in the great outdoors amidst the 

attractiveness of nature. That day this year will be Saturday, 

Sept. 11, 1920. 

An early morning ride into the country is delightful at 

any time. Hut at this particular season and in company with 

our friends of the plumbing craft it will be even more so. 

Our destination will be Hollywood Park, located on 

Springfield Avenue, Maplewood. Springfield cars marked 

"Maplewood" pass the park. On arriving there, the good 

chef will greet you with a generous portion of ham and 

eggs, French fried potatoes and sizzling hot Java. 

You will then have laid a foundation for a real big day 

in the country. An hour or so whiled away in nature's 

scented atmosphere will act as a tonic and you will need 

no second invitation to partake of some delicious Rhode 

Island clam chowder, steamed clams, little necks on the 

half-sheel and clam broth. 

Then a baseball game and let me say on the side that 

this annual game has always been a dandy and well worth 

seeing and laughing over. Along about now the dinner bell 

will ring for porterhouse steak, boiled potatoes, sliced 

tomatoes, radishes, olives, and then, just to keep you awake, 

a few athletic games and stunts will be run off, including 

a tug-of-war, sack race, sprint and running races. Those 

who have indulged in running for jitneys and trolleys will 

not regret the practice, for they will go strong in these 

events. , , . 

At three o'clock hot sausages and rolls, roast beef sandwiches 

will be passed around and Trefz "taste tells will 

he on tap all day. There will be time "greeting old friends 

and making new* friends" and out there in the country you 

may throw'the "bull" to your heart's content. 

For supper a half broiled chicken will be served with all 

the trimmings, and when this meal is finished you will sure 

sav "One real day!" . .... 

We want you 'to be with us, and are enclosing tickets, 

which we know you will accept. Don't disappoint us. 

Come out and enjoy yourself and help us to make our big 

day a real success. 

Sincerely yours, 

ENTERTAINMENT COMMITTEE, 

S. F. WII_OK. Chairman, A. TAAFFE, 

1'. J, STURN, B. COHEN, 

.1. SHERIDAN, E. STERNKOCI, 

\V. SPATCHER, 

M - BRADY, Ex-Officio. 

\nte I —Prizes for games may be sent to Andrew Taaffe, 

',! Eagles Street. 

Xote °—All returns for tickets must be made on or before 

Wednesday, Sept. 8, 1920. Make checks payable to 

Edwin Sternkopf, Treasurer, 45 Pacific Street, Newark. 

N. J. 

North Hudson Master Plumbers' Association 

Annual Outing at Maywood Grove, Fairwood 

on Saturday, Aug. 21 

Members of the North Hudson Master Plumbers' 

Association are receiving from the entertainment com 

in trade extension. 

Pleasure Club Picnic at Kolze 

Entertaining Program of Sports for the North 

and Northwest Plumbers 

A good time for everybody is promised by the 

North and Northwest Master Plumbers' Pleasure 

Club, which will hold its outing and basket picnic 

on Saturday. Aug. 21, at White House Grove, Kolze, 

111. President Perry Russell and Secretary F. Groesch 

have sent out the call to master plumbers in Chicago, 

inviting them to bring their families and friends. 

There will be a program of races and games, a 

baseball game and dancing, with suitable prizes for 

the various events. The grove is 17 miles from Chicago 

and can be reached by taking the Irving Park 

surface car to the end of the line and then an auto bus. 

Those desiring to go by automobile will find good 

roads over the following routes: Grand Avenue to 

River Road, north to Irving Park Boulevard and one 

block west to grove at Kolze, 111. 

Milwaukee Avenue to Higgins Road to 72nd Street, 

south to Irving Park Boulevard and west to the grove. 

Information Spreading Campaign of T. E. B. 

Letter Accompanied by Application Blank Being Sent 

to Heating and Plumbing Contractors 

The National Trade Extension Bureau, 107 Mercantile 

Bank Building, Evansville, Ind., is now actively 

engaged in preparing material for a thoroughly 

practical and easily worked scheme for widespread 

knowledge among heating and plumbing contractors 

on subjects which vitally effect the prosperity 

of the individual and of the trade. 

' It is a known fact that, in the case of most of us, 

it is difficult to remember a great deal that we read 

that would be of genuine value to us. Recognizing 

this fact, the National Trade Extension Bureau will 

place at the disposal of every local association of 

master plumbers and steam fitters a well-worked-out 

and comprehensive course of easy study of those matters 

which are basically of value to the heating and 

plumbing contractor in his efforts to run and manage 

a profitable business. 

The first step in this campaign is in the form of a 

letter to be sent to everv heating and plumbing contractor 

on the mailing list of the National Trade Extension 

Bureau. This letter will probably have gone 

out in advance of the publication of this article, but

METAL WOKKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM EITTER Awns r 20. 1920 

for the information of all concerned it is here repro 

duced. Any contractor who may not have received 

one of these letters from the Trade Extension Bureau 

is entirely at liberty to take advantage of its publi 

cation here and fill out and send in to the National 

Trade Extension Bureau, 407 Mercantile Bank Build 

ing, Evansville, Ind., any one of the application 

blanks which will go out with the letter. These 

application blanks are also printed here. 

The wording of the letter itself will give a rea 

sonably clear idea of the methods whereby this in 

formation-spreading campaign will be worked out. 

Here follows the letter in full with its accompanying 

application blanks: 

Dear Sir: 

For you—like all nf us—knowledge is power! In Inisiness 

it i.s money-making power! Here's an opportunity tc 

• »l tu your knowledge and money-making power. It is 

gratis, free! 

The Xational Trade Extension Bureau will soon start a 

nation-wide campaign of knowledge. It will offer every 

lieating and plumbing contractor tlie means of reaching 

and owning for himself tlie fruits of a vast field of successful 

business experience. Take note of that word "experience." 

Xone of it will lie theory, it will all be moneymaking, 

practical methods. 

The foundation for this campaign was laid during the 

last year by publishing and sending out the 1st, Snd, 3rd 

and 4th Steps in Business Efficiency for the heating and 

plumbing contractor," and the T. E. B. Monthly Service 

Bulletin. These have all been filled chock-full of'live business-building 

ideas and methods. 

In conference with contractors at conventions, and battle 

visits of many to'T. E. B. offices, we have learned that 

a detailed study is needed for the contractor to secure the 

full benefits of these things. Most of us have about the 

same experience in matters of this sort. We read over a 

lot of good stuff and then fail to get the "meat" out of it 

because nothing occurs to firmly fix it in our minds. T. 

E. "B. is going to start something that will enable every 

heating, and plumbing contractor in the countrv, who i's 

willing to take a reasonable amount of personal interest, 

to make.all of this valuable information a fixed part of 

his .own knowledge. 

Vou may feel that you don't need this, yourself, and 

we will grant that you may be right. Yet we know, and 

you know, too, that your presence and infiuence at these 

meetings will have a big effect in getting your competitors 

and co-workers going right; that no one man ever yet knew 

all there was to know about any subject as big as the 

plumbing and heating business, and that the only, way to 

get anything big across is for somebody to take hold and 

push. 

Here's the plan and it only requires the assistance of 

the local associations of master plumbers and steam fitters 

to. put it across, BIG. The business-building information 

at the command of T. E. B. will be arranged and subdivided 

into a series of short, "meaty" lessons or lectures. 

This series of lessons will be offered to and placed at the 

disposal of every local association in the United States. 

They, will he prepared in language and put together in a 

shape that anyone can understand. They will be supplied 

with suggestions and material that will make clear every 

point covered. All necessary printed material will be furnished. 

Everything will be worked out along practical 

lines. . 

A.t.regular periodical "get-together" meetings offhe local 

associations these lessons will be made possible for every 

contractor to have the material for the next lesson in advance 

of the meeting. The discussion at meetings is bound 

to bring out additional inforination of distinctively local 

value that would take years to pick up in anv other way. 

See that the secretary of your local gets in touch with 

this bureau about this campaign, if he has not already done 

so. In any event, gel on the fioor at your meetings and 

talk about the proposition, (let over a motion to the effect 

that the secretary should take up the matter with the bu 

reau. Do all that may be done lo get every contractor in 

your locality interested. .Stir up all thc activity you can, 

in every way possible. The fellow who tries to crack the 

stone wall of trade problems with his own little tack hammer 

can look forward to a lot of long, hard work. On 

the other hand, with the sledge hammer of combined interest 

it will take only a few blows to break through. 

If you-are not a member of the local association, or if 

there is no local in your town, fill out properly and return 

the enclosed blank and we shall endeavor to arrange matters 

so that you will be welcome at the meetings of the 

nearest local on these special occasions. If that is impractical, 

get all the contractors in your locality together, 

form an educational local, and T. E. B. will furnish you 

the necessary material direct. 

All aboard! The business-building idea special leaves 

for real prosperity land at once. If you're left behind 

it's your own fault. 

Yours for bigger and better business, 

THE XATIONAL TRADE EXTENSION BCREAU. 

Read this whole sheet first. Then fill out and sign the section 

of this blank that fits your case. Be careful to cross out the 

i .oc-er words to clearly indicate vour conditions. Then mail to 

T. E. B. 

The National Trade Extension Bureau. 

4 17 Mercantile Bank Bldg., 

Evansville, Ind. 

I desire to get in on the ground floor of the T. E. B. nationwide 

information spreading campaign and am willing to do all 

1 'an to make it a success. 

There is a master plumber's association in this city. I am 

'/cr am not) a member and (but) will attend meetings to be held 

' cr discussion and study of this business building information. 

Signature 

Address 

City State 

There is no master plumber's association in this city, but I would 

like to attend the meetings at City 

Slate a nearby city where there is 

an association. 

Send us a list of names of all local contractors. 

Signature 

Address 

City State 

There is no master plumber's association in this city, but there 

are enough master plumbers here to hold meetings for this purpose. 

I will personally call on all of them, get them interested in the 

movement and call the required meetings when this work is 

started. California Appreciates T. E. 

Send us a list of all local contractors. 

Signature 

Address 

City State 

r B. Wooley 

At the headquarters of the National Trade Extension 

Bureau, Mercantile Bank Bldg., Evansville, Ind., 

the following letter has been received from the large 

number of friends he has in California as the result 

of his attendance at the state convention: 

Mr. Wolley, Mgr. 

Trade Extension Bureau, 

Evansville, Ind. 

Berkeley, Cat, June 2.5, 1!)20. 

Our dear Woolley, for by that name we of the convention 

committee feel we can address you, and say you are one of 

our adopted native sons: 

The committee wishes to thank you for your part in making 

our 19th state convention of Master Plumbers the greatest 

convention ever held in this state. 

Our members are only sorry that we did not have another 

day, for you alone, so that we may have absorbed more of 

that which we need. 

I hope the bureau continues the good work, with you still 

at the wheel, which you so nobly have undertaken. 

Well, Bill, just remember, and'keep a warm spot for Alameda 

County, and always know that there is a light in the 

window and a place at our table. 

Wishing you and your work all the success. 

We beg to remain, 


L. W. BLAKE, GEO. STODDARD 

H. G. NEWMAN. W. H. PICARD. ' 

CHAS. NAYLOR.

AUGUST 20. 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTEl! 255 

Committee on Trade Relations Appointed 

President of Heating and I'iping Contractors' National 

Association Selects Members 

President J. E. Rutzler has appointed the following 

to act as members of the committee of Trade Relations: 

Chairman, George Mehring, Chicago, 111.; 

Eastern zone, Horace W. Jones, Rochester, N. Y.; 

chairman, Frank W. Howard, Boston Mass.; central 

zone, George Mehring, Chicago, 111.; chairman, Walter 

Klie, Cleveland, Ohio; V. L. Sheldon, St. Louis, 

Mo.; Western zone, George L. Bradbury, Denver, 

Colo.; chairman, Archie E. Ayers, Seattle, Wash.; 

Jesse Coogan, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Liability Insurance for Sheet Metal Trade 

Wisconsin Association Appoints Committee To Collect 

Imformation 

At a recent meeting the Master Sheet Metal Contractors' 

Association of Wisconsin held in Milwaukee, 

Wis., Paul L. Biersaeh, 661 Hubbard Street, Milwaukee, 

was appointed chairman of a committee to 

collect information from members to be used in showing 

that a lower rate was due this branch of trade. 

He is sending the following letter to members, but 

will be glad to get such information from the members 

of any association or the trade. There are three 

questions for which answers giving fullest particulars 

will be helpful: 

To Our Members: 

At our meeting last night a discussion was brought up 

by Brother Adolph Schuman as to the feasibility of collective 

bargaining not only on our workmen's compensation, 

public liability, auto trucks and automobiles, but also lire 

insurance, with the mutual companies writing these kind 

of policies, and it was the consensus of opinion of all present 

that this might accrue beneficial to all our members, 

therefore vour president has appointed a committee composed 

of the writer, Edward Hoffman and Adolph Schumann, 

to get in touch with the various companies, obtain 

the data and submit the same for discussion at some ensuing 

meeting. 

In order that your committee may be in a position to 

handle this entire niatter intelligently, it suggests that you 

submit immediately the following information, thus: 

1. Number of autos and trucks (for business and private 

use). 

2. Liability compensation insurance. Number of men 

and approximate amount of wages, separately for shop 

and erection, per year. 

3. Aggregate amount of fire insurance desired. 

the committee believes that they have quite a task before 

them and it will take some time to get the necessary information 

and if vou will threfore co-operate immediately 

on the information desired, this will enable them to submit 

their findings for your perusal as quickly as possible. 

Fraternally yours, 

PAUL L. BIERSACH, 

Chairman. 

THE ATLAS SHEET .METAL WORKS, Providence, R. I., 

has been organized by Gustaf T. Kollen, 996 Eddy 

Street and Charles Skogland to manufacture metal 

automobile products and other specialties. 



FRANK CURTIS, president of the Shur-Tite Mfg. Co.. 

Cleveland, Ohio, wliile on his way through seven 

states to make more boilers "Shur-Tite,'' dropped 

off in Chicago long enough to call on man}' of his 

friends in the trade and to bang the little white 

ball with the Western Trade Golfers on Aug. 10. 

W. T. MORGAN, vice-president Raymond Lead Co., 

Chicago, 111., is again at his office after a month in 

the hospital, convalescing from a serious operation. 

JOHN DUNCAN, who was elected president of the 

Wheeling Steel & Iron Co., Wheeling, W. Va., at a 

meeting of the company held in that city July 28, to 

succeed Isaac M. Scott, who on July 3 was elected 

president of the recently organized Wheeling Steel 

Corporation, takes into his new position an experience 

of more than 30 years in the steel business. 

His first connection with the industry was in the 

capacity of bill clerk for the National Tube Co. in 

St. Louis in 1889. Later he became identified with 

the Haxtun Steam Heater Co., Kewanee, 111., thc 

name of which subsequently was changed to tin- 

Western Tube Co. In 1903, he was made vicepresident 

and general manager of sales of that company 

and when it was absorbed by the National 

Tube Co. in 1908, he was transferred to Pittsburgh, 

becoming assistant general manager of sales 

of the latter company. Late in 1909, he joined the 

Wheeling Steel & Iron Co. as general manager of 

sales and in 1914, when the company was consolidated 

with another Wheeling company, he was 

elected vice-president and retained in the office of 

general manager of sales of the consolidated 

company. 


LYON CONKLIN & Co., INC., 19 B.alderston Street, 

Baltimore, Md., manufacturer of sheet metal products, 

has taken title to property at Donaldson and 

Race Streets, 160 x 200 ft., for a consideration said 

to be about $13,000. The site will be used for a 

new plant. 

THE CLAYTON LAMBERT AUTO PARTS CO.. 1380 Beaubien 

Street, Detroit, Mich., expects to occupy its 

new plant on the line of the Detroit Terminal Railroad 

at an earlv date. Erection of steel work is 

under way, and as soon as the structure is completed, 

machinery installation will be made. The 

factory will be 210x300 ft., and is estimated to 

cost about $400,000 with equipment. Herbert Owen 

is manager.

METAL WOKKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 20. 1920 

THE A. WOLFF IRON & METAL CO., St. Louis, Mo., 

announce the change of tlieir title to The A. Wolff 

Corporation, First and Branch Streets, St. Louis, 

Mo. No change has been made in the management 

and it expresses thanks to its clients for past courtesies 

and trust for a continuance of their trade in 

old metals, etc. 

Hack Saws and Hand Frames 

It is a matter of common knowledge that more hack 

saws .ire ruined by abuse than arc worn out througb 

use. This means a direct loss to thc shop owner caused 

through ignorance or carelessness of employees, a 

large part of which could be avoided. 

The following instructions taken from the Starrett 

Hack Saw Chart, issued by the L. S. Starrett Co., 

Athol. Mass., if conspicuously posted in the shop, 

should eliminate all loss due to ignorance. When hack 

saws are used in hand frames strain the blade well in 

the frame with the rake of teeth forward. Bear down 

on forward stroke so that the blade will not slip and 

case the pressure on the return stroke. Do not bend 

sidewise. Use at about -50 strokes per minute. 

Copper Alloy Hardened for Manufacturing 

Cutlery 

American industry in developing .and rendering 

usable new and rare metal compounds or alloys has 

received an enormous impetus recently, it is said, by 

the addition of what seems to be the re-discovery of 

the lost art of the ancients of tempering copper, according 

to JVorld's Business. 

On the fourteenth floor of the Putnam Building, on 

Forty-fifth Street, just off Fifth Avenue, New York 

City, is a modest sign reading, "Dawson Metals Company. 

' That is the name of a man now 73 years of 

age, whose brain and a safety deposit box of a New 

York trust company alone hold the secret. 

For many months men have been experimenting 

with this epochal method. Thev are still experimenting, 

but long since the stage of mere experiment was 

passed and commercial practicability attained, and 

now the furnaces under their control discharge streams 

of molten copper and tin, to which is added the secret 

compound, wliich, on cooling, assumes the sheen of 

yellow gold and qualities at total variance with the 

ductile copper as now in use. 

For one thing, it is so hard that not even a carborundum 

wheel will perceptibly abrade it. Many exacting 

tests have been made, some of them under supervision 

of the L'nited States Bureau of Standards. 

and where ordinary bearings, such as babbitt metal. 

are completely worn out, and those of steel or ordinary 

phosphor bronze totally unfit for use. bearings 

of tin's metal show little wear whatever. 

It also offers resistance to acids of everv kind in 

natural form or the high potential distillations ot 

commerce. It is an advance in methods of metallurgy 

and unit a detailed examination of the technical tests 

to which il lias been subjected can give anv approximate 

idea ot its tremendous efficiencv. 

A New England lirm is said lo have taken the 

major part of the output for Hie manufacture of 

scissors. 


THE IDEAL FURNACE CO., which recently took over 

the plant and property of the Homer Furnace Co., 

Homer, Mich., is building an addition. 

THE O-RIB-O MFG. CO., Winnipeg, has started work 

on the erection of a new factory, 40 x 200 ft., brick 

and concrete, to cost about $40,000. It will be 

rushed to completion and equipped with new machinery. 

One of the products will be hot-air furnace 

fittings. J. Brockest is president. 

THE WORCESTER ABRASIVE CO., Worcester, Mass., has 

moved its executive offices to 1662 Broadway, New 

York. 

THE FERRO ENAMEL SUPPLY CO., Cleveland, Ohio. 

has opened an office at 1101 Swetiand Building in 

that city and will carry a complete line of supplies 

for the porcelain enameling industry, catering particularly 

to stove manufacturers, and will also build 

enameling ovens. R. A. Weaver is president, John 

M. Tuthill. secretary, and Edward Southworth. 

treasurer. 

THE REGISTER-USING TRADE is receiving from thc 

Rock Island Register Co. announcement of its removal 

into its new offices and factory building 

located at 2135 Fifth Avenue, Rock Island, 111. 

The new plant, it is stated, gives the company 

practically three times the floor area which it previously 

had at its disposal and the new plant is in 

every way modern and up to date. This will enable 

it to increase its manufacturing output and 

carry a larger stock for the jobbing trade. Thc 

building has been constructed on modern engineering 

lines and adapted to the methods which the 

company use in the production of goods and in 

handling the orders placed with it. 

The Gilt Edge Picnic of R. J. Schwab 

& Sons Co. 

The picnic of the R. J. Schwab & Sons Company, 

manufacturers of Gilt Edge furnaces and boilers. 

Milwaukee, Wis., was held at Mequon Grove on the 

Cedarburg Road, Saturday, July 31. Everybody wore 

a badge with the Gilt Edge trade mark on one side 

and "Smile, Smile, Smile" on the other. 

The Gilt Edge dealers of Milwaukee and vicinity 

were also invited and one of the features of the day 

was a baseball game between the dealers of Milwaukee 

and the company's team, the latter team winning. 

Henry Winter, the elongated tinsmith from American 

Avenue, was the star of the dealers' team, having 

numerous double plays. Tom Johnson, superintendent 

of the foundry, starred for the company's team making 

numerous heavy verbal onslaughts on the umpire 

—said umpire being our noble, virtuous bookkeeper, 

Sam Lewinsky. The program of events carried popular 

songs, which were rendered with a fervor that was 

inspiring to the contestants. 

At noon the tug-of-war between the strong and weak 

men of the factory was held, the strong men winning

AUGUST 20. 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

two out of tliree pulls. During the day there were 

various events for men, women and children and a 

fine lot of prizes. From 4 to 7 p. m. a dancing party 

was held in the dancing pavillion. 

Otto Butenhoff was chief "Bally Hoo" for the 

square dance. R. J. Schwab captured first prize in 

this and all admitted Mr. Schwab is sure some dancer. 

The dealers present at the picnic were Henry Winter 

and family, Otto Butenhoff and family, Jos. Rettela 

and family, John Scholtz and family, Fred Witzel 

and family, Otto Kringel and family, Lauterbach and 

Schwichtenberg from Cedarburg and Mr. Wilke from 

White Fish Bay. All expressed the satisfaction of 

having a Gilt Edge time of enjoyment. 

Novelty Semi-Annual Sales Conference 

There was held in the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel, 

Philadelphia, Pa., on Aug. 2 and 3, the semi-annual 

sales conference of the Eastern representatives of the 

Abram Cox Stove Co., of Philadelphia, under the direction 

of general manager of sales, E. F. Glore. The 

sales conference was devoted primarily to Sales Methods 

and covered all branches of the business from 

heating with steam and hot water, hot air and pipeless 

furnaces to the line of gas, coal and coal and gas combination 

ranges, water heaters and laundry stoves. 

The opening address was made by President Robert 

A. Patton and after the session on sales methods there 

was in the evening a discussion of advertising and 

sales promotion. Again on the second day sales 

methods were taken up and after a luncheon the party 

adjourned to the auditorium of The Curtis Publishing 

Co. to hear an address by Charles Coolidge Parlin. of 

The Curtis Publishing Co., followed by an open discussion 

on sales methods by tbe different representatives 

of the Abram Cox Stove Co. In the evening 

there was a banquet at the roof garden. The next 

day was devoted by the representatives to a study ot 

the plant with the idea of becoming more familiar witb 

the methods of handling the orders that are sent in so 

that they may be confident that the information which 

they give to customers about shipments is perfectly 

correct. 

King Koal Karburetor Booklet 

The simplicity of the operation of the device and 

the substantial benefit derived from the use of the 

King Koal Karburetor are becoming widely recognized 

is the claim made by the manufacturers, Frederick 

Sabin & Co., Inc., 237-241 Broad Street, Philadelphia, 

Pa. While the splendid service is somewhat 

surprising even to those identified with the use of ill 

kinds of heating and cooking apparatus, nevertheless 

President Howard Miller, of the company, has come 

to the conclusion that the sale can be advanced by the 

presentation of a booklet giving the facts in reference 

to it. The booklet which President Miller has 

prepared will give the facts as discovered in the development 

of the outfit for improving combustion and 

efficiency and will also give something of the service 

that it iias rendered under various conditions. 

Then in order to give that character of informa- 

tion which engineers will desire, tlicrc is a complete 

account of two tests made by W. A. Sloan, in charge 

of the Experimental Engineering Department of the 

Randal Morgan Laboratory of Physics at the University 

of Pennsylvania. These tests were made under 

as nearly exactly the same conditions as possible and 

one with the carburetor and one without it, each burning 

coal at a high rate so that in an 18-in. fire pot 

as much as 50 lb. of coal per square foot of grate 

surface were consumed. Then there was another test 

run under practically the same conditions as would 

obtain in tbe home of the average citizen. In both 

instances a higlier efficiency and a greater economy 

was shown when the Karburetor was used. It is to 

make the information developed in experience and in 

the tests available for those who are investigating 

means of conserving fuel under the present economic 

conditions, that the pamphlet has been prepared. The 

Karburetor it is said, is already being sold from Portland, 

Ore., to Portland, Me., and apiilieations have 

been made by those who desire rights for its sale in 

Germany and New Zealand, and letters have come 

from Paris and from Canada from men wanting 

territory for its sale. 

A Baseboard Register 

Illustrated in the accompanying picture is the 3 in 

baseboard register class No. 100, manufactured by 

Hart & Cooley Co., New Britain, Conn. The register 

is so constructed that the floor can be cut out 3 in. 

from the wall line, permitting the use of a large supply 

pipe from the lieater. The manufacturers furnish 

with these registers a gage for setting. By using 

the gage, the installer can practically complete tlu- 

NO. 1 |lf i BASEBOAIlti KEGIS. TEI! 

installation when putting in the rough work and all 

that is afterward necessary is to slip the register in 

place This is done after the completion of the room 

and leaves the finish of the register unimpaired. 

There is a distinct advantage in this to the furnace 

man as it allows of practically completing the work 

while he has his men and tools on the job. saving 

the necessity of making several operations in completing 

the work. The registers present a very neat 

and workmanlike appearance and are practical and 

positive in their operation. Various other styles of 

the same tvpe are illustrated tn the Hart & Coolej 

Co. catalog, wliich can be had upon request.

258 METAL WOKKER, I'LUMBER AND STEAM EITTER AUGUST 20. 192(1 


THE INSTANTANEOUS ELECTRIC HEATER OF CANADA, 

LTD., Toronto, has been incorporated with a capital 

stock of $250,000 by James E. Day, Joseph P. 

Walsh, Frederick R. Marshall and others to manufacture 

electric stoves, heaters, machinery, motors, 

etc. 

THE BACKUS FOUNDRY, INC., Boston, Mass., and 

Brandon, Vt., capitalized for $25,000, divided into 

250 shares, par $100, all of which are issued, lias 

incorporated under Massachusetts laws. Frederick 

E. Backus, Brandon, Vt., is president and treasurer. 

The company's property includes three and 

a half acres. 

THE GREENFIELD TAP & DIE CORPORATION, Greenfield. 

Yt.. will defer the erection of the proposed 

five-story addition to its plant. Harris & Richards. 

Drexel Building. Philadelphia, are the architects. 

'I'm: AMERICAN SANITARY WORKS, Washington, N. J.. 

inanufacturer of plumbers' tanks and kindred products, 

has increased its capital from $200,000 to 

$350,000. 

THAT THE SERVICE of Kroeschell greenhouse heating 

boilers is recognized far from Chicago, is evidenced 

by the tact that Kroeschell Bros., 480 West Erie 

Street, Chicago, 111., recently shipped a No. 14 

type to London, England. It weighed 14,000 lb. 

and lias a capacity to heat 48,000 sq. ft. of glass 

surface to 50 deg. at zero outside. The plant is 

now equipped with ten large boilers made by the 

company. 

'I'm: WALKER & PRATT Co., 33 Union Street, Boston. 

Mass, manufacturer of boilers for house heating, 

stoves, etc., has awarded contract to the H. Nawn 

Construction Co., 82 Savin Street, Roxbury, Mass., 

for a one-story foundry at its plant, Watertown, 

200 x 230 ft., to cost "about $200,000, including 

equipment. 

'I'm: MILWAUKEE RELIANCE BOILER WORKS, Thirtysecond 

and Hadley Streets, i.s completing a brick 

and steel shop addition, 00x300 ft., and is contracting 

for additional equipment. It manufactures 

gas producers, hot water storage tanks, pneumatic 

pressure tanks, and other boiler and plate work. 

John E. Sharp is president and general manager. 

THE ROMORT MFG. CO., Oakfield, Wis., has increased 

its capita] stock from $50,000 to $150,000 to accommodate 

the increase of its business of manufacturing 

combination air and water service systems 

for garages. It intends to add several new lines, 

including air valves in various sizes and types. F. 

E. Willard is secretary. 

I'HE W. & B. DOUGLAS Co., Middletown, Conn., is issuing 

a bulletin, No. 19, illustrating the newest 

production of its plant, the Douglas "Pneu" Tank 

complete water system and also in connection with 

this bulletin a booklet of instructions for installing 

and operating this water system, which will be a 

great aid to those plumbers installing or maintaining 

this line of equipment. 

THE AUGUST NUMBER of thc Walworth Fog, issued 

by thc Walworth -Mfg. Co., Boston, Mass., in the 

interests of its extensive line of heating and plumbing 

supplies, particularly pipe valves and fittings, 

might well be termed a summer number. It gives 

the splendid story of the real vacation of a woman, 

a two-page cartoon of some of the most important 

company men and some pictures in reference to the 

300th anniversary of the land grant in Maine that 

included the site of Portland. Also something in 

reference to copper mining. There are, as usual, 

pictures of piping systems in which the company'products 

are used. 

Now Make Own Electric Motor 

The Burnett-Larsh Mfg. Co., Dayton, Ohio, has 

added a new dejiartment to its factory and now manufactures 

its own electric motors. There is a distinct 

advantage in this to owners or distributors of its 

water systems as it insures a certain type of motor 

universally used in connection with the Duro water 

systems, thus facilitating getting needed repairs and 

allowing of the motor being constructed in accordance 

with a special regard for the work which it is to do. 

New Freight Rates in Illinois 

The Public Utilities Commission of Illinois has 

denied an application of the railroads for an advance 

of 40 per cent on intrastate freight rates and has 

granted a temporary increase of 33 1-3 per cent on 

condition that railroad service is improved. The application 

will be finally disposed of at new hearings 

to be held in October. The adjustment of rates in 

Illinois is a problem as tiie boundaries of the territories 

covered by the interstate rate advances intersect 

in the state, the advances for Eastern, Southern 

and Western districts being 40, 25 and 35 per cent 

respectively. 

New Pipe Working Machinery 

New pipe thread dies, ranging in size from 1 in. 

to 12 in. and designed after the Columbus dies, are 

now being made by the Columbus Machine Works, 

310 Fifth Street, Columbus, Ind. These machines 

have five chasers and a cut-off tool in the head and 

come in four distinct sizes, 1 to 4 in. right and left, 

I to 6 in. right and left, 2l/o to 8 in. and 4 to 12 in. 

A portable machine, mounted on wheels so that it 

can be moved to the job or any building and small 

enough to go tlirougli the ordinary doorway has also 

been provided. Any die of the above-mentioned heads 

can be used on it or it will drive any of the hand dies. 

A quick-acting vise, built to stand the knocks, wear 

and tear of the steam fitter's handling, is claimed to be 

75 per cent quicker, stronger and more durable than 

others. 

For steam fitting and plumbing work this company 

manufactures a self-feeding reamer capable of catching 

!/2 to 4-in. pipe. Then there is a large collapsible 

work bench, strong enough even when the steam fitter

Aucusr 20, 1920 METAL WORKER, I'LUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 25') 

is handling 3 to 6-in. pipe. 

Tlie trade is invited to send for copy of catalog on 

these products. 

Catalogs for Rough Usage 

Catalogs issued by manufacturers of machinery, 

plumbing supplies, automobile parts, etc., are frequently 

handled by mechanics whose hands are soiled 

by grime and dirt. The covers soon become so soiled 

that anyone having clean hands or dressed in "good" 

clothes dislikes to handle the book. 

For a permanent catalog of this type, a cleanable 

cover material is highly desirable. For many years 

such a thing was unknown, but since the art of stamping 

and pasting the edges of pyroxylin coated book 

cover materials was perfected a few years ago, it is 

now possible, says E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 

Inc., for any manufacturer to have a catalog cover 

from which grimy spots can be washed with soap and 

water without injuring it, for the goods are waterproof. 

The leather substitute is very durable and will 

generally remain sound throughout the life of the 

catalog. 

Of course the cost is higher than for paper or 

cheap cloth covers, but is not so high as to be prohibitive 

if a manufacturer desires a really permanent 

catalog, one that will last and remain in good condition 

for several months. 

Product of Bicalky Fan Company Improved 

A new catalog describing Lehigh fans, blowers, air 

washers, roof fan ventilators and dust collectors, has 

just been issued bv Herseh Bros. & Co., Allentown, 

Pa. 

About one year ago the Herseh Bros. Co. purchased 

the interests of the Bicalky Fan Co. and has subjected 

the product of that company to the severest 

possible tests with the result that by making clianges 

in both wheels and housing but retaining their valuable 

structural features, greatly increased efficiency 

has been attained. 

The characteristic curves of the Lehigh multi-blade 

fans, single inlet, single width, are also shown and the 

efficiency correction percentage of the various fan 

sizes. The company believes that the tables in the 

catalog reflecting these corrections are based on the 

fundamentally correct procedure rather than to take 

an efficiency size of the fan and claim the same efficiency 

throughout the entire line. 

The sales organization is being developed under 

G. W. Barr, sales manager. Territory is being allotted 

under a sales policy which is very attractive 

and should appeal to the trade. 

Speco Solid Sal Ammoniac for Soldering 

Every man who does soldering in his business will 

be interested in Speco solid sal ammoniac put up in 

convenient cakes by the Special Chemicals Co., Highland 

Park. 111. Its economy and convenience are mentioned 

as its most prominent features which will appeal 

to practical sheet metal contractors and plumbers. 

It is a purified form of sal ammoniac, the crys- 

Liis being metamorphosed, so that it is extremely hard 

and will not melt, crumble or dirty the bench. It 

volatilizes rapidly under the hot soldering copper and 

quickly removes any oxide that forms. There is no 

waste, a.s only the amount needed in the soldering 

operation is used, and the company points out that 

Speco will not corrode the tool or work as it contains 

no acid. 

It is a practical product for soldering work in tin 

A BAT, OF SOLID SAL AMMONIAC 

or plumbing shops and comes in convenient half and 

one pound cakes, which can be easily taken on the job. 

Shops which do auto radiator repair, washing machine 

and electrical work find it a great convenience and 

one user says that "There seems to be no wear out 

to it." 

Other Speco products are soldering fluxes, fluids, oil 

and paste and literature concerning them can be had 

upon request. 

Don't Is Sometimes as Important as Do 

That being so, we give "A Few Don'ts" as contained 

in the Range Boiler Manual, issued by the Detroit 

Range Boiler & Steel Barrel Co., Detroit, Mich., 

manufacturers of the Star Naco and Detroit range 

boilers, which may prove of advantage. 

Don't use a small boiler in a place where a larger 

one should be installed. Ample capacity should be 

provided especially in cafes, restaurants, garages, etc. 

Don't use a check valve or water meter unless you 

install a relief valve of a quality pattern. 

Don't forget that a standard weight boiler is guaranteed 

only to 85 lbs. working pressure and tbat 

wherever the pressure exceeds 70 lbs. an extra heavy 

boiler should be installed to provide a fair margin ot 

safety. 

Don't forget tbat in many places where the water 

is limed or acidulated or treated with chemicals for 

purifying purposes, the corrrosion of the boiler is 

stimulated and it is only right to the user that an 

extra heavv boiler be installed. 

Don't use a stand which connects directly to thc 

bottom spud of a range boiler. An unusual strain is 

put on this spud by this method of supporting the 

boiler. , , 

Don't ever use a range boiler for the storage ot 

air Buy a tank especially made for that purpose. 

Air under confinement is dangerous and accidents arc 

liable to be very serious. 

Don't forget that care in handling the boiler during 

installation is essential. Careless truckmen or helpers 

cause leaks by dropping the boiler on a hard 

surface.


Don't use a gas heater applying a flame direct upon 

the bottom of a range boiler. 

Don't buy a boiler because it is cheap. A return 

trip to fix up leaks will cost you more than you will 

save in any such installation. 

Plumhing Supply House Announcement 

The plumbing trade is receiving from the Detroit 

Brass & Malleable Works, Detroit, Mich., the following 

letter which announces a change in name with 

assurance that the old service will be continued with 

unabated zeal: 

We take pleasure in announcing a change in the name of 

the Detroit Valve & Fittings and Detroit Brass Works. 

In the future the name of this company will be Detroit 

Brass & Malleable Works. 

At the time of the consolidation of the Detroit Valve 

& Fittings Co. and the Detroit Brass Works, it was deemed 

advisable to combine the name of the two companies for a 

certain period of time so as not to lose the identity of 

either plant. 

We realized that the name of this company was too 

lengthy, and now that we feel the trade is thoroughly 

acquainted with both branches and their respective products, 

we have decided on a more compact name. 

Tliere is no change in the policy or management and 

the same personnel of thc company will be retained. 

We take this opportunity of thanking you for past 

favors and hoping for a continuance of our pleasant 

relations. 

Respectfully yours, 

DETROIT BRASS & MALLEABLE WORKS. 

A Washing Machine Drainer", 

The Penberthy washing machine drainer illustrated, 

made of aluminum by the Penberthy Injector Co., 

Detroit, Mich., is an article which will be of general 

interest to housewives wherever washing is done in 

other than laundry tubs with waste outlet connection 

to house sewer and where running water is to be had. 

Its operation is based on the jet suction principle and 

tlierefore it is fool-proof with no valve or adjustments 

to get out of order. 

A length of suction hose is fastened on the lower 

A 

B c_J_ BI a 

^^^T Aluminum WashiiiR Machine lir.ccurt. 

" C 

Made by the Penberthy Injector Co., 

Detroit, Mich. 

end marked C, and the nut marked A attaches the 

drainer to the hose thread of the faucet of sink or 

tub. The end of the hose is then immersed in the 

receptacle to be drained and the faucet to which the 

drainer is attached turned on. The drainer does the 

rest. 

This is a merchandising article which the plumber 

can readily sell and which offers a liberal profit. 

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES 

THE REPORT of the Department of the Interior. 

Washington, D. C, states that the apparent eonsumption 

of lead in the United States was, in 1917, 

515,44.5 short tons; in 1918, 542,975, and in 1919. 

434,143 short tons. 

THE 42ND NUMBER of the Statistical Abstract of the 

United States has been issued by the Department 

of Commerce and can be procured from the Government 

Printing Office for 50 cents. An explanatory 

note states that the success of condensed statistics 

is based upon official figures collated and published 

under the various laws of the United States and 

those of other countries to which they may relate. 

They deal with general import and export consumption 

and withdrawal from warehouses for consumption, 

also with the import value, with domestic 

exports, foreign exports and with weights and measures. 

They apply to practically all trades, all cities 

and all centers of activity whether industrial or not. 

THE UPSON COMPANY, Lockport, N. Y., fibre board 

manufacturer, advised that on or about Aug. 15 it 

was going to be very much interested in the purchase 

of paper stock, particularlv folded news and 

dealers who handle such stock will be interested in 

this fact. 

THE HADDON BIN LABEL CO., 200 West Atlantic 

Avenue, Haddon Heights, N. J., is issuing a free 

booklet, entitled, "How to Systematize the Stock 

Room and Build Your Own Stock Bins," which illustrates 

its transparent celluloid covered slide 

label cards and tin card holders. It also explains 

the manner in which these bin labels can be used in 

connection with a stock record. 

"A PECULIAR TYPE of Intercrystaline Brittleness of 

Copper" is the title of a technologic paper No. 158, 

issued by the Bureau of Standards, Washington, 

D. C, and written by Henry S. Rawdon, physicist, 

and S. C. Langdon, professor of School of Chemistry, 

Northwestern University. It can be procured 

from the Government Printing Office for 5 cents 

per copy. 

RECENT PUBLICATIONS by the General Electric Co., 

Schenectady, N. Y., are in reference to adjustable 

speed motors which are pointed out as being well 

adapted for thc use on pipe threading and cutting 

machines or any machine which repeats its operation 

in angle. There is also a considerable pamphlet 

in reference to the Novalux ornamental street lighting 

units, which should be of interest to plumbers 

who arc called upon to supply the equipment for 

city lighting systems. 

Protection Against Accidents 

The best methods of saving fingers, hands arms 

legs and lives and of conserving labor and increasing 

production through accident prevention and industrial 

medicine will be discussed at the Ninth Annual Safety

AUGUST 20. 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 261 

Council at Milwaukee, Sept. 27 to Oct. 1, the program 

for which will soon be completed. 

During these five days, 4,000 men and women— 

safety engineers, industrial relations managers, municipal 

traffic officers, educators and plant executives 

—will gather at the Milwaukee Auditorium to throw 

into the common pot all the information on accident 

prevention that has developed during the past year. 

Rulings On Stock Dividends 

Rulings of interest to corporation stockholders have 

just been issued by the Bureau of Internal Revenue 

bearing on the question of stock dividends. The rul 

ings deal with various disputed points arising in connection 

with the decision of the Supreme Court in the 

stock dividend case of last spring. 

Dividends whicli are subject to the income tax, and 

those which are not, are defined as follows: 

"Where a corporation, being authorized so to do by 

the laws of the state in which it is incorporated, transfers 

a portion of its surplus to capital account, issues 

new stock representing the amount of the surplus so 

transferred and distributes the stock so issued to its 

stockholders such stock is not income to the stockholders 

and the stockholders incur no liability for income 

tax by reason of its receipt. 

"Where a corporation, being thereunto lawfully authorized, 

increases its capital stock and simultaneously 

declares a cash dividend equal in amount to the increase 

in its capital stock, and gives to its stockholders 

a real option either to keep the money for their own 

or to re-invest it in the new shares, such dividend is 

cash dividend, and is income to the stockholders. 

whether thev re-invest it in the new shares or not." 

LATE TRADE NEWS 

WILLIAM C. GROENIGER, president of the American 

Society of Sanitary Engineers, made a combined 

business and pleasure trip to New York this week 

and discussed with us a program for the coming 

meeting of the society in St. Louis, Sept. 7, 8 and 9. 

Mr. Groeniger is a consulting engineer, 8 East 

Chestnut Street, Columbus, Ohio. 

JAMES H. GILHULY, manager of the San Francisco 

office of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., Youngstown, 

Ohio, sailed Aug. 7 from New York for 

France to visit the battlefields on the western front 

and other places of interest in Europe. 

THE CENTRAL TUBE Co., Ambridge, Pa., reports that 

the accident severity rate was reduced 94 per cent 

and the accident frequency rate cut 80 per cent six 

month.s after the company had appointed a safety 

director, R. A. Beyer. He says: "During the 

first six months of 1919 we lost 432 days through 

accidents and 50 accidents were reported for every 

1,000,000 hr. of work. During the corresponding 

six month.s of 1920 only 26 days were lost and accidents 

occurred at the rate of 10 per 1,000,000 

hr." He attributes success to co-operation of management, 

superintendents, foremen and men; ef 

ficient safety guards ; comfortable and efficient goggles; 

safety bulletins from the National Safety 

Council and an Americanization school. 

THE NEW ENGLAND FOUNDRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION held 

its usual midsummer outing at the Pomham Club. 

Providence, R. I., Aug. 11. The feature of the 

outing was a Rhode Island clambake, of which 

more than 100 partook. A. B. Root, Jr., president. 

presided. Charles E. Andrews was chairman of the 

committee of arrangements. 

THE PROBERT SHEET METAL CO.. Covington, Ky., has 

filed articles of incorporation, with a capital stock 

of $50,000, to manufacture sheet and ornamental 

iron work. E. R. Probert is president. 

THE URBAUER ATWOOD HEATING CO., 1446-50 South 

Second Street, St. Louis, manufacturer of heating 

apparatus, has completed plans foi a new two-story 

plant, 60 x 105 ft., to cost about $14,000. 

THE SCHLUETER MFG. CO., North Broadway, St. 

Louis, manufacturer of wash boilers and general 

metal products, is completing plans for its new 

four-story plant at Broadway and John Street, to 


THE EAGLE PIPE SUPPLY CO. has changed its address 

to 233 Broadway, New York. 

THE NATIONAL MACHINE TOOL BUILDERS' ASSOCIA 

TION will hold its nineteenth annual fall convention 

at the Hotel Astor, New York, on Thursday and 

Friday, Dec. 2 and 3. Reference to this postponement 

of the regular date of the meeting until the 

outcome of the national elections was noted in last 

week's issue. 

To PROTECT ALUMINUM and aluminum alloys from 

corrosion, a German inventor has tried the experiment 

of browning the metal electrolytically, according 

to the Engineer, London, England. The 

aluminum is suspended in an electrolyte consisting 

of a sulphur compound of molybdenum, and zine 

is used for the anode. The cell is maintained at a 

temperature of 60 deg. to 65 deg. C. The aluminum 

is soon covered with a dark brown coating. 

The metal may be bent or rolled without cracking 

the coating. A piece of aluminum thus coated is 

said to have been immersed in a salt solution for 

two months without showing the least trace of 

corrosion. 

THE TOLEDO MACHINE TOOL CO., Toledo, Ohio, has 

placed in operation its new foundry, the first unit 

of the new large plant, which will greatly increase 

its present manufacturing facilities. To provide for 

this expansion the company acquired 98 acres on 

Dorr Street, on which its present plant is located. 

Twenty-three acres are enclosed for a complete 

unit in addition to the foundry and will include a 

four-story machine shop, 1,250 ft. long and 200 it. 

wide which is now under contemplation. The foundrv 

is designed for castings ranging in weight from 

a few ounces to 50 tons. The foundry proper is 

378 ft. long and 180 ft. wide. It will be fully 

equipped with the latest devices. It will be heated 

by exhaust steam and direct radiation. It is pro-

262 M E T A L W 0 R K E R , P L U M 

vided with a well-equipped toilet and locker room, 

shower bath room witli hot and cold water and there 

are five small toilet rooms conveniently located. 

Drinking water is supplied at alternate building 

columns. 

THE NATIONAL TUBE CO., Pittsburgh, is continuing 

the purchase of property in the vicinity of its works 

at McKeesport. During the past week two parcels 

of land have been acquired for a consideration ot 

about $100,000, and negotiations have been com 

pleted for the purchase of four additional lots, 

17 x 150 ft., 46 x 150 ft. and 17 x 150 ft., at a price 

approximating $57,500. The company is under 

stood to be planning to utilize a portion of the land 

at an early date with the erection of a new building 

to cost in excess of $500,000. 

HOMER ADDAMS, director of the Kewanee Boiler Co., 

Kewanee, 111., and general sales representative, 47 

West Forty-second Street, New York City, re 

turned from a visit to the plant this week and re 

ports that the new extension contemplated by the 

company includes one building which will be 40o 

ft. wide, over 1,000 ft. in length and 48 ft. in 

height. These are the approximate dimensions of 

one of thc buildings, which will greatly increase 

the producing facilities of the company. 



Black and Oalvanized Sheets—Receipts keeping pace with 

demand. 

Tin Plate—Little stock available. 

Tin—Continued stagnation. 

Copper—Unchanged. 

Lead—Prices advanced. 

Zinc—Slightly increased interest. 

A ntimony—Inactive. 

Foundry (Joke—Increased supply. Prices lower and production 

and shipment improved. 

Linseed Oil—Stocks improving. Lower grades scarce. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Light demand. Price lower. 

all the trades are busy in the face of certain advances 

this fall because homes are being brought up-to-date 

in their comfort and equipment and this business will 

continue regardless of activity in the building trade. 

Railroads are doing better and since the increased 

freights must be paid, it will be shown in prices. Tin- 

new pig iron freight rate from Birmingham to Chicago 

ER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 20, 1920 

THE WHEELING STOVE & RANGE Co., Wheeling, W. 

Va., has been granted a patent on a flexible metallic 

connection for gas stoves, and will manufacture this 

specialty at its plant. 

THE DAVIS METAL FIXTURE CO. has been organized 

in Lansing, Mich., with a capitalization of $30,000. 

It was formerly the D. & B. Mfg. Co. C. J. Davis 

is president. 

THE EDWARD F. LYON CO., Detroit, has purchased 

the property of thc American Pressweld Radiator 

Co., 500 East Euclid Avenue. It will be used to 

house the axle and machine shops of the conipany. 

Hot Water Without The Heat of 

a Kitchen Fire 

(Continued from page 2t9) 

easier to read METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER, and get some useful dope first, and then be all 

fixed to tell a prospective customer what is really 

wanted. In that way I get the work before the other 

fellow knows anything about it and can get my own 

price. If you think this is worth anything pass it 

along for the use of the other fellows. More reading 

and thinking pays better than trying to out-figure the 

rest of the competitors. Kindest regards to you and 

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER. 

is $6.67 and with coke at $17.50 the iron market is 

strong, while steel in the. big line is marking time. 

There ure conflicting influences at work in other fields 

which as yet do not seem to have, any immediate bear 

ing on plumbing, heating and sheet metal trades. Fall 

business can be done on present basis without ami 

consideration of such influences. 


Xew York.—Buying for shipment before tbe advance 

in freight rates takes effect is no longer a factor, seeing 

that there is only a week more of old rates. The effort 

of New England consumers to pick up small lots to take thc 

Conditions In Other Fields Do Not Appl) place of iron they have under contract but that cannot gel 

^jr Continued confidence in a good trade for a long to them because of embargoes on routes from tbe furnaces 

'jj time ahead is assured to the business man who 

keeps informed and is aggressive in our fields. The 

disturbance in the textile, automobile and other indus 

having their contracts, have produced a small amount of 

activity. Some Virginia iron, for example, has been sold 

to New England at the new price of $30 at furnace, the 

Xew England freight being .$4.70. Foundries hesitate to 

tries, due to the sloraing up of buying because of prices buy for any distance ahead at the prices to which the mar 

lieing out of proportion to value received, finds no ket has jumped in the past 10 days. The outlook is for a 

such dissatisfaction in the sheet metal, plumbing and 

heating lines. In them splendid values are given and 

spot market for several weeks, with forward sales largely 

limited to foundries having made contracts for tli.'r castings 

and not caring to speculate on a decline in pig iron. 

We quote for delivery in the New York distriel as follows: 

East Pa., No. 1 fdv. 2.75 to 3.25 J53.80 to $54.80 

East Pa., No. 2X fdv., sil. 2.25 to 2.75 52.05 to 52.05 

East Pa., No. 2 fdv'., 1.75 to 2.25 50.80 to 51.80 

Xo. 2, Virginia sil. 1.75 to 2.25 52.40 to 54.40 

Chicago.—While the market is rather slow, a few good- 

M/.ed orders and inquiries have developed in tbe week. Effective 

Aug. 2(>, the freighl ou shipments of iron from


Birmingham to Chicago will advance to $6.0T. This increase 

will be overcome in part by the action of a large Southern 

producer in reducing its differentials for silicon content. 

This furnace, which is quoting foundry at $43, base, Birmingham, 

now adds $1.25 for the first increase in silicon content 

and $1 for the succeeding grades. Thus iron with 

3.25 to 3.75 per cent silicon is quoted at $1.75 less than 

formerly, or more than enough to absorb the increase in 

freight. Another important Southern producer continues 

to quote $42, base, Birmingham, with the old differential,. 





Northern coke, No. 1, 2.25 to 2.75 last half.... $48.25 

Northern coke, No. 1 spot^ 48.25 

Northern coke foundry. No. 2 sil. 1.75 to 2.25 



Southern coke No. 1 foundrv and No. 1 soft, 

sil. 2. 75 to 3.25 50.92 to 51.87 

Southern coke No. 2 foundry, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 49.92 to 50.37 


Philadelphia.—There is a growing scarcity of all irade. 

of iron, but it is more pronounced in foundry iron. Brokers 

who are heing importuned by their customers to find them 

a carload or two of spot iron are having difficulty finding 

furnaces that are willing to accept any business. Some furnaces 

have so little iron to offer for delivery over the remainder 

of the year that they prefer to sell only through 

their own offices. Some merchant furnaces which were expected 

to have a little free iron for this year have lost so 

much in production in the last few months, owing to difficulty 

in getting enough coke to maintain full operation, that 

their booked orders will take all they can make up to Jan. 

1. The new freight rate from Virginia furnaces to Philadelphia 

will be about $5.47, as compared with the existing 

rate of $4.10. The same rate of advance will apply on 

shipments from Alabama furnaces. In the following table 

of pig iron quotations, where delivered prices are given, the 

freight rates included are those now in use. These delivered 

prices will be changed to conform to the new freight 

rates as soon as these rates become effective. 


vards in Philadelphia or vicinity: 


East. Pa. No. 2X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 52.90 to 53.10 

Virginia No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.75 sil 5410 

Virginia No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 53.35 

Cincinnati.—While the market cannot be termed active, 

steady selling of pig iron continues, and prices on nearly 

all grades are higher. Furnaces are not actively soliciting 

for first quarter hut in some instances have booked orders 

from regular customers who insisted on being taken care 

nf. On Southern iron prices range from $42 to $4,5, the 

lower priee still being quoted for the rest of this year and 

the first half of next.' N'o sales are reported at the higher 

figure, though a number of furnaces are holding their last 

quarter output at this price. 


Ironton, quote f. o. b. Cincinnati: 

Southern coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (base price).... $45.60 to 46.60 

Southern coke, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 (No. 2 soft).... 46.85 to 47.85 

Southern Ohio coke, sil. $1.75 to 2.25 (Xo. 2).. 47.80 to 48.80 

Cleveland.—There is a decided scarcity of pig iron for 

delivery over the remainder of this year, and the lowest 

price obtainable seems to be $50 furnace. For delivery in 

the first half of next year, however, 10,000 tons have been 

sold within a few days on the base of $45, furnace, but it 

is doubtful whether any more $45 iron will be available. 

Sales of Ohio silvery are being made at the new quotation 

of $62.40, delivered "Cleveland, an advance of $2. On Alabama 

iron sales are being made of iron analyzing 2.75 to 

3.25 sil. at $44.25, Birmingham, whereas the regular differential 

would call for a quotation of $45. 

\\\ quote delivered Cleveland as follows, based on 40c switching 

cliarge for local iron, a $1.40 freight rate from Valley points, anil 


Xorthern, No. 2 fdy. sil. 1.75 to 2 25 $50.40 

Southern foundry, sil. 2.25 to 2 75 48.25 


Old Rubber.—Very dull and prices onlv nominal. 

Wholesale dealers' buying quotations arc: 

Boots and shoes b |„ fii^ 

I rimmed artics -! . I : 5 

Auto tires _'2-5 io 23-3 

Bicycle tires I 1 , to I'i 

Solid tires 2 to 2J/. 

Xo. 1 inner tulces 11'; to 12J/ 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4^/ 

Mixed red scrap 3'_ to 4 

Mixed black scrap \'/2 to 2 

Cotton lire Imse i.^ to ] y 

Garden hose 17 to 1 

Old Bags.—Better tone continues wilb slightly more 

business. Wholesale dealers' prices are: 

No. 1 whites $10.50 lo $11.00 

Xcc. 2 whites 5.50 to 5.75 

Thirds and blots 3.25 to 3.50 


Hard hack carpets 175 to 1.85 


Paper Stock.—Market continues stronger than usual. 

Wholesale dealers' buying quotations for New York are: 


Crumpled news 1.90 to 2.CII 

Old Materials 

Scrap Iron, Xew York.—Buying for Pittsburgh consumption 

has again forced up the priee of heavy melting 

steel, the figures paid in this district alone affecting the 

Xew York market, since very little steel is being sold for 

eastern Pennsylvania. The prices we quote are dependent 

on present freight rates, and may not apply to prices 

paid for delivery when rates have been advanced. Most 

brokers are assuming deliveries will have to be made under 

the freight advance, taking the profit themselves if they arc 

fortunate enough to ship before the increase. 

Prices which dealers in New York and Brooklyn are quoting lo 


Xo. 1 machinery cast $41.00 to $42.00 



Xo. 1. heavy cast, not cuplola size 32.00 to 33.00 

X T o. 2 cast (radiators, cast boilers, etc.) 29.00 tn 30.00 

Iron and steel pipe (1 in. in diam.. not under 

2 ft. long) 20.00 to 20.50 


Scrap Iron, Chicago.— An important local manufacturer 

has made large purchases of malleable at a maximum 

of $32.50 per gross ton. It is understood that big lots of 

re-rolling rails have also been bought recently at $37.50 

to $3ft.50 per gross ton. Stove plate is also fairly active 

and, influenced by the strength of Eastern markets, dealers 

are buying melting steel at advancing prices. Rolling mill 

grades and cast scrap are dull. On the whole, there have 

been few price changes but some sellers are optimistic 

and look forward to an active fall. Two of the important 

steel interests are expected to re-enter the market for 

melting steel. Owing to the tight financial situation, many 

country dealers are pressing their offerings to convert their 

stocks into cash. 



Per Net Ton 

Nn 1 cnst $36.00 to $37.DO 

Boiler punchings 27.50 tn 28.00 




Stove nlate 28 50 to 29.0(1 

tote 1-irs 29.00 to 50.00 

Rrnl-p .lines 26.50 to 27.IM") 

R^Tcad malleable •• » 50 to 29.00 


Country mixed »•

264 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCUST 20. 1920 

is credited with having bought a sulistautial tonnage of cast 

iron borings for its Ohio works, Youngstown, Ohio, for 

which it is said to have paid $20 per gross ton delivered. 

Offerings of all kinds of cast scrap are extremely limited 

and very firmly priced. As high as $37 has been paid for 

a tonnage of heavy breakable cast for immeuiate delivery. 

Railroads are functioning a little better in the matter of 

moving scrap and providing cars for its shipment. 

Wc quote for delivery to consumers' mills in the Pittsburgh and 

oilier districts lhat take Pittsburgh freight rates as follows: 


Rolled sleel wheels 31.00 to 32.00 








Xo. 1 railroad wrought 33.00 to 34.00 

Old Metals, New York— The market is very quiet and 

lhe inclination of dealers is not to load up on metals. 



Copper, liglit and bottoms 13.00 

Coper, heavy and wire 14.75 

Brass, heavv 9.75 

Brass light ~-2\ 

Heavy machine composition 15.25 

Xc 1 vellow brass turnings 9.50 

Xo 1 red brass or composition turnings 12.25 

i.ea.l, Heavv 7.50 


Zinc 5-25 

Old Metals, Chicago.—Market quiet and prices unchanged. 

Dealers' buying prices for less than carload lets 

a re: 


Yellow Icrass. heavy 9.00 







Tea lead 3.00 

Tin foil : 30.00 


Zinc 

Pewter, No. 1 


4.00 

25.00 

Hlack and Galvanized Sheets.—Receipts continue to 

keep apace with demands and in some cases an impression 

on back orders is being made. 

Tin Plate.—Very little stock is available for the fourth 

quarter and sellers are trying to arouse interest in next 

year's orders. 

Copper.— Conditions remain unchanged but there is talk 

among some producers despite the lack of demand of advancing 

prices to cover the approaching increased freight 

rates. 

Tin.—so interest is shown by consumers, dealers or 

speculators and the market is as dull as ever known. 

Lead.—the expected price advance has occurred and 

notwithstanding the demand has improved. 

Zinc.—More interest has been shown during the past 

week but producers are not inclined to quote as far ahead 

as the fourth quarter because of the uncertainties of their 

costs. 

Antimony.—This market continues to be inactive. Chinese 

and Japanese now being quoted at 9 to 10 cents per 

pound. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh.—Despite the falling away in the 

demands from the automotive industry the pressure for tonages 

is quite as heavy as it has been at any time recently. 

Apparently other consumers have been encouraged by the 

news of the decline in automobile accessory requirements 

You can Build up your Ventilator 

Business with 

BURTS 

Notice Sliding Sleeve Damper (Patented) 

1'lease quote METAL WORKER. PLUMBEB AMD STEAM FITTER 

T H E BL RT line offers opportunities for 

a volume of sales wliich is unattainable with 

ordinary ventilators. 

Kurt design, workmanship and materials are 

recognized everywhere as standard for the most 

modern methods of ventilating all types of 

buildings. With the many Burt exclusive fea 

tures as sales points, vou can multiply your 

ventilator business many times over. 

Vou will find our proposition unusually interesting. 

THE BURT MANUFACTURING GO. 


GEO. AV. REED & CO., Montreal, 

Sole Manufacturers of Burt Ventilator* for


to believe that they were in a better position to secure 

steel. The American Sheet & Tin Plate Co. is confining its 

bookings entirely to tonnages where buyers are providing 

the steel. This company has taken no such business in the 

past few days, although" in the lack of any material increase 

in the shipments of steel from its regular sources it may 

again open its books for conversion orders. Independents 

are still taking a little early shipment-business at fancy 

prices, sales of black sheets 'being noted from 8 to 8.50c, 

base; of galvanized from 9 to 9.50c, and of blue annealed 

from 6.50c to 7.25c Independent sheet mill operations 

have declined somewhat from the July average, whieh was 

in excess of 80 per cent of capacity. The American Sheet 

& Tin Plate Co. recently had only 30 per cent of its sheet 

mills running, due to the failure of steel supplies from regular 

sources. All makers have comparatively large stocks 

piled up awaiting shipments, those of the independent companies 

being estimated at more than 100,00 tons. 

Tin Plate, Pittsburgh.— Buyers are importuning independent 

companies to enter orders for fourth quarter of 

this vear and the first quarter and half of next year. Manufacturers 

have so little tonnage available for shipment over 

the remainder of the year that the more general disposition 

is to decline such business. Some orders, however, have 

heen accepted by one maker on a basis of $9 per base box 

Pittsburgh. Stock items still are being eagerly sought and 

the price largely is in the hands of sellers. Generally stock 

tin plate is selling at $9 to $10, but it is rumored that as 

much as $12 has been obtained by some makers. 

NOTES AND PRICES 

Linseed Oil. Demand is light and no surplus stock at 

mills In lots of 5 bbl. and over, city raw American seed 

is quoted at $1.46 to $1.51, and out-of-town raw American 

seed is quoted at $1.-16 to $1.51. In lots of less than 5 bbl. 

3c. more per gallon is asked. Boiled oil brings 2c more 

per gallon than raw oil. 

Spirits of Turpentine.—Demand continues light In 

machine barrels in yard, the wholesale price is quoted at 

$1.62 per gallon. 

Rosin—Stocks in yard improving, but lower grades are 

still scarce. On the basis of 280 lb. to the barrel the 

wholesale price of common-to-good strained is $13.50. 


Iron and Steel Pipe.—Makers in this district have experienced 

little if any improvement in the shipping situation. 

In fact, the more gelieral report is that conditions are worse 

than they have been, as the railroads are extremely careful 

in seeing that cars with sides of more than 38 in are not 

placed for loading pipe. New demands appear to be somewhat 

less urgent but the obligations ot manufacturers show 

no decrease. 

Foundry Coke.—It is possible not only to quote lower 

prices on beehive oven coke than have prevailed recently, 

but the market is easier to the extent that it is possible 

to secure supplies to-day, where a fortnight ago, even at 

higher prices, demands were to be covered only with considerable 

difficulty. The car supply in the Connelsville re 

gion has been progressively better over the past two weeks 

and p oduction and shipments have been rising in keeping 

with the development. Larger shipments against contracts 

has lessened the 1 spot demand ^ " ^ " ^ ^ ^ ^ 

for the fact that some tonnage is available to-day. While 

ales of spot furnace coke recently have been made as high 

.S.1 .50 for tonnages of low sulphur and low phosphorus 

nleX -- been lone. Eighteen » ^ = 

11,6 ** °" S' offered 1 S__^t£»5 net SfotS. 

K b fo? spot coke to-day is quotable at $17.50 to 

$18 f" furnace and $18 to $19 for foundry. 

_ ,.,.....,. - CEH, PLUMBER AND 

VOCEf 

I PATENTED 

FROST-PROOF 

CLOSETS 




Your customers who are postponing 

new building operations will be glad 




yard. 






No pit needed. 




Wilmington 

Delaware 

Commends Furnace Article 

So many of the successful furnace men bear testimony 

of the benefit they have derived from reading 

our publication that we would neglect a duty if we 

did not present tbe following letter from R. W. 

Menk, of the Excelsior Steel Furnace Co., Chicago, 

111.: 

Mr. Frank K. Chew, 

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM FITTER, 

243 West 39th Street, 

Xew York City, N. Y. 

Mv cle ar Mr - Chew: i.**.- 

I note vour article in reference to my^lette. 

of July 13 

hope that 

S°_#fes=xB= 

F--HSs a Ks. _ hs. 

tention to the installattm£gaf » ;lU times, 

Assuring you ot my neartj L" "i 

1 am Verv truly yours, 

' (Signed) R. W. MENK. 

T„_ .ANITARY ENGINEERING CO.. 411 Union Arcade, 

T "tfsbu"!! Pa., is issuteg a bulletin illustrating 

andI describing the sanitary septic tanks tor res,d„cs 

farm houses and industrial towns as man^ 

u acturcd by it- The bulletin sliows the plan and 

S o n o/the tank and contains a shor t «£Ration 

of the bacterial action taking place in the 

duction of the sewage. 

STEAM FITTER when writing to advertisers










for heavy work. It gives you the heat you need just when you 

want it and does it without a blower. It is efficient, durable, 

simple e conomical. 

Shipped on Ten Days Trial 

Write us today for further information and free 10-day approval 

offer and let us show you what the Red-Devil will do right on 

your own work. 

The Vesuvian Products Company 

13831 Mayfair Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 

Actus. 20, 1920 



As there are many consumers whose requirements are not sufliciently heavy 





ALUMINUM- 

5 in 4.25 4.05 3.00 

NO. 1 aluminum guaranteed over 5J_ in 4.90 4.50 3.50 

99% pure, in ingots for remelt 6 in 5.05 4.75 4.00 

ing, 100-lb. lots—37 to 39c. 7 in 6.50 7.50 

ANTIMONY— 


Chinese and Japanese, per lb. Galvanized Steel— 

9c to 10c Plain Round and Corrugated— 




BISMUTH— 

Square 40% 


CONDUCTORS— 


Corrugated— 

Furnace Pipe and Fittings- 



.12 

Galvanized steel 30% LEAD— METAL LATH— 

Toncan or ingot 15% American Under 100 I'ig. sq. per yd. lie per ..lie sq. to yd. lU.c 40c 

Copper 10% PAINTS, OILS, ETC.— 


Leads— 


Lead, American White, in Oil, 


kegs less than 500 lbs., 15J/sc 




pails; add to keg price J4 


Conductor.) 



COPPER— 

Lake ingot 21-21' J c 


Casting 19.4-20c 

COPPER SHEETS 


lb., 29^_c mill. 


and over. 

For less than 100-lb. lots, 2c per Ib. 

advance. 




long 48 in. 

and to 

less . 96.in. 

sq. ft. sq. it. 

10 jn. wide and under 6c 7c 

10 in. to 36 in. wide... 5c 6c 


Planished, lHc per sq. ft. more 





long 

and Over 

less 96.in.. 








Copper 10% 




ELBOWS- 

NO. 1 No. 2 No. 3 

4 in $4.00 $3 90$ 2.75 

4-V_ in 4.10 3.95 2.85 

C 

ROSIN— 


Common to good strained (whole private brands very according to 

sale), 280 lbs., per bbl $12.50 composition. 

SHEETS— 





No. 10, per lb 6.50-8.00 5-lb. cans, each $3.00 


No. 14. per lb 6.60-8.10 Gallon $1.25 

No. 16, per lb 6.70-8.20 12-gal. Carboy ...,90c per gallon 

Black— One Pass. C R. 



No. 18 to 20, per lb 7.S0-. 9.B0 gal $1.75 

No. 22 to 24, per lb 7.85- 9.85 SOLDERING COPPERS— 


No. 27, per lb 7.95- 9 95 In 100 to 300-lb. lots advance 2c 

No. 28. per lb 8.00-10.00 per lb. 


No. 30, per lb 8.25-10.25 vance 4c per lb. 



10c higher 

2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 


Copper $2.80 $3.75 $5.75 $9.00 dz. 


20 gauge 11.10c Galv SO 1.15 1.65 2.75 dz. 

lbs., 15c 

22 and 24 gauge 11.20c TIN PIGS AND BARS— 

Dry Colors— 

26 gauge 11.30c Straits, pigs per lb 52c 


28 gauge 11.50c Straits, in bars, per lb—57c to 62c 

Per 100 lbs., 2J_ to 5c 

Galvanized— 






Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 

No. 16 9.25-11.25 "AAA" Charcoal Melyn Grade: 

Oils— 

Nos. 18 and 20 9.40-11.40 IC, 14 x 20 $16.50 

Linseed City Raw $1.46 to $1.51 

Nos. 22 and 24 9.25-11.55 IX, 14 x 20 18.75 


No. 26 9.70-11.70 IXX, 14 x 20 20.50 

gal 2c 

No. 27 9.85-11.85 IXXX, 14 x 20 22.25 


No. 28 10.00-12.00 IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 

ret $1.46 to $1.51 

No. 30 10.50-13 00 "A" Charcoal Allaways Grade: 


No. 28 and lighter, 36 in. wide, IC, 14 x 20 $14.25 

Tn Machine Bbl $1.62 

20c higher IX, 14 x 20 16.25 

PUTTY— 

Corrugated Roofing—Galvanized— IXX, 14 x 20 18.00 

2y2 Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c 

in. corrugations, 30 per 100 lbs. IXXX, 14 x 20 19.75 

In 1-lb to 5-lb. tins, 6.00 to 7.35c 


IXXXX, 14 x 20 21.50 

REGISTERS— 



Cast Iron 10% 

Prices quoted on application. Prime, 14 x 20 in.: 


2_2-in. Corrugation 

80-Ib $11.80 

White Japan or Electro plate and 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

90-lb 11.90 


No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

100-lb 12.00 

Wall Frames ...20% 

No. 26, per 100 sq. ft. 

IC 12.25 


No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

IX 13.25 

larger 40% 


IXX 14.25 


F. O. B. cars, Quarry Station. IXXX 15.25 










No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 IC, 14 x 20 9.50 

or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain 




14 x 14 in., 



Vermont— 




r 

1-PIy Tarred Paper, per ton, 

Unfading Green 6.50 to 13 50 20-lb. Coating 12.25 

A Real Fire Pot 

$102.00 

Red 22.00 30-lb. Coating 13.50 


Maine— 


BLAST GATES 

2-Ply Tarred Paper $1,60 

VESUVIAN « ? ^ 


M. F. Grade 13.50 


No. 1 $14.00 40-lb Coating 15.00 





RED-DEVIL NO. 20 Roofing Pitch, per ton $30.00 

SOLDER— 


1 


-- to ' _, guaranteed 38c Western Slabs 10-llc 

There's nothing like it for helping you out on a rush job or No. 1 35c Sheets No. 9 base casks 14J_c 

Refined 30c 


Made by 

BERGER BROS. CO. 

Are Strong and Durable 

They are designed to close pipes supplying blast to 

furnaces, forges, boilers, etc., or for controlling heated 

air in connection with fan systems of heating. 

Largest assortment of sizes, our prices are lowest. 

229-231 ARCH ST. PHILADELPHIA


Plumber _> Steam Fitter 

FLORAL PARK, N. Y., AUGUST 27, 1920. 






Simplified Layout for Puttyless Skylight 

A Simple But Substantial Construction 

Used in Competitive Skylight Work 

BY CONTRACTOR 

RECENTLY an order was received to make some 

flat skylights in the shop involving about 900 sq. 

ft. glazed with %,-in. thick wire glass. In other 

words, there were thirty skylights of the flat style, 

the pitch being made in the wooden curb, each skylight 

measuring 3 x 10 ft., the bar running the 3-ft. way. 

There was quite some competition on this job, and 

as the contract was taken long before the increase in 

WM/M///M//M 

ih Girth for bar 

for the entire skylight: One for the curbs, one for 

the bar and one for the caps. The formations of the 

various sections were such that the least amount of 

material was required. 

The skylights were placed over enclosed wagon and 

storage sheds. The roofs had an angle of 30 deg. 

and were covered with standing seam tin roofing. The 

skylight frames were of wood, flashed 6 in. above the 

roof line. 

The various constructions were as follows: The 

metal curbs were drafted to use but 4-in. girth; the 

skvlight bar 3y2-_a. girth; the caps 1%-in. girth 

and the caps were secured with soft copper wire 1-16 

pip/.i_W£ m 'Th_ C -ectional view of the bar and cap with full- 

' " f/ '"""••' size girth measurements is shown in Fig. 1. Note 

the simple formation of the bar and cap. lhe glass 

l&Girth for cap 

FIG. 1 SECTIONAL VIEW OF BAR AND CAP WITH 

DIMENSIONS 

wages became effective, it was necessary to detail a 

construction which would be of sufficient strength, 

meet the approval of the architect, and save material 

and time in bending the curbs and bars. In short, 

a metallic construction had to be drafted of sufficient 

strength, made of No. 24 galvanized iron. 

As the skylight was to be puttyless, care had to be 

taken in its construction to provide for any fine snow 

or rain which might seep to the inside, being careful 

in the formation of the bars and curbs to carry to the 

outside any leakage. 

After making various rough drafts, the form of 

construction shown in tlie accompanying illustrations 

was decided upon. This greatly simplified the pattern 

cutting, as onlv three miter cuts were required 

Profile, for hock and 

sides of curb. 

4 Girth for curb on all four aides 

FIG. 2—SECTIONAL VIEW OF CURB WITH GIRTH 

MEASUREMENTS 

lavs upon the %-in. edge, as shown, and. should any 

storm drive in snow or rain under the capping, it will 

run at a pitch into the gutters a, a, and dram into the


! 

1 

-» 

1 

10 

—15"-— -^/_'— *-l}7-». -.15 '-» »-IS'-» -* 15 "-_ 

.o Flat skylights like this. 

CONSTRUCTION OF THE BARS AND CURBS OF SKYLIGHT 

Fig. 4. Finding the Amount of Stock Required Fig. 5. Forming the Side and Back 

Fig. 6. Forming Lower Curb Fig. 7. Forming the Bar 

lower curb gutter sliown in Fig. 2, thence to the outside 

through the weep holes indicated by the arrow a. 

In the formation of the skylight bar in Fig. 1, only 

SYo-in. girth of metal is required and lô-in. girth 

for the V-shaped cap. The formation of the curb for 

the back and sides is shown in Fig. 2 and from the 

measurements thereon indicated, 4-in. girth of metal 

will be needed. 

The profile for the lower curb is similar in shape 

and girth to tlie curb at back and sides, except that 

the upper flange A-B in the back curb is bent to the 

shape C-D in the profile for the front of the curb, all 

of which will be explained in this article. Note that 

the line of the glass rest in the bar profile E meets 

the line of the glass rest at both top and bottom of 

the skylight at h and i. 

Knowing the constructive features, the three patterns 

were laid out as in Fig. 3. The sectional view 

was drawn as shown, being careful to have the glass 

line of the bar run in line with the glass line of the 

curb, all as sliown; also to have the caps over the 

bar and curb in their proper relative positions, all 

as indicated in the drawings. X indicates the brass 

wood screw employed in securing the metal curb to the 

wood frame, after the frame was flashed with tin and 

painted. Note that the cap of the curb was bent inward 

at 19-20 so as to have a close fit against the 

curb at 20. 

PATTERN FOR CURB 

The pattern for the bar was developed as follows: 

On any vertical line as 1-9 place the girth of the curb 

numbered from 1 to 9, as shown by similar numbers 

on the vertical line 1-9. Through these small figures 

at right angles to 1-9 draw lines as shown, which intersect 

by lines drawn parallel to 1-9 from similar 

numbered intersections in the profile of curb. 

Fines drawn tlirougli intersections so obtained as 

indicated by A-B will be the desired miter cut for the 

four corners of the curb. Allow laps on the short 

sides of tlie curb, as shown by the dotted lines. All 

measurements must be taken from the arrow point, 

using this cut on all corners for the four sides of the 

curb. 

The pattern for the bar was obtained in a similar 

manner. The girth of the bar 10 to 13 to 10 was 

* • 

AUCIST 27. 1920 

Lj' 

Curbs 

placed upon the vertical line 10-10 below the sectional 

view, as shown by similar numbers, and from these 

small figures, at right angles to 10-10, the usual measuring 

lines were drawn and intersected by lines drawn 

from the intersections between the bar and curb in 

the sectional view, all as shown by the dotted lines, 

from the curb to the pattern. 

The outline, indicated by C-D in the bar pattern, 

then represents the miter cut to be used on both ends 

of the bar, making all measurements from the arrow 

point on line 13. Allow laps for soldering purposes, 

as indicated by the dotted lines. 

PATTERN FOR CAPS 

The pattern for the bar caps 14 to 16 to 14 is laid 

out as follows: At pleasure draw any vertical line as 

]'-_'. on whicli place the girth of the bar cap 14-15- 

16, as shown by similar numbers on V-aA Through 

these small figures at right angle to \'-a' draw lines 

indefinitely, as shown. At pleasure draw any vertical 

line 1-a in the sectional view. Now measuring from 

1-a, take the various projections to points 17-18 and 

19 and place them on the lines 14-15 and 16, respectively, 

in the pattern for bar cap, measuring in each 

instance from the line \'-a', thus obtaining the miter 

cut E-F-G. 

The pattern for the curb cap is obtained in a similar 

manner. Draw any vertical line as \"-a", on 

which place the girth of the curb cap 17-18-19-20 in 

the sectional view, as shown by similar numbers on 

\"-a". Through these small figures at right angles 

to 1"-_.'' draw lines indefinitely, as shown. 

Now, measuring from the line 1-a in the sectional 

view, take the various projections to points 17-18-19 

and 20 and place them on similar numbered lines in 

the pattern, measuring in each instance from the line 

\"-a", thus obtaining the miter cut H-b. Allow laps 

on the short sides, as indicated by the dotted lines. 

On the upper curb, where this cap intersects the 

bars 15 in. on centers, as shown in Fig. 4, it is notched 

out, as shown in the pattern for curb cap in Fig. 3, 

by L-M, and over this notch the pattern cut for bar 

cap E-F-G miters. 

When the patterns were laid out, a rough diagram 

was made which indicated the number of bars and the 

size of glass to order from the factory.

AUGUST 27, 1920 


It may not be out of place to mention here that 

quite a saving results if the glass is ordered before 

the skylights are made up. Then the glass is shipped 

direct from the factory, resulting in quite a savin* 

in cash. 

8 

CONSTRUCTION 

All the bars and curb were cut on the squaring 

shears to make quick work and the forming of the 

curb for back and sides was done as shown in Fig. 5: 

The sketch was made as shown in Fig 4 There The hem edge a and a was first bent right and left, 

were thirty of these skylights 3 x 10 ft. Eight di as indicated. A square bend was next made at b, then 

visions were put in the length, making each division a bend at 45 deg. at c and another square bend at _'. 

35 in., 8X15 = 120; 120 — 12 == 10 ft. Thus Bend c was placed between the jaws of the brake and 

each skylight required seven skylight bars and seven closed, as indicated at d. 

Ar 

The leakage gutter was obtained by making a %-in. 

bend on 2, as shown in the third diagram at e. This 

made a strong curb for the back and sides of the skylight. 

The bending of the front of the curb, shown in 

Fig. 2, was done as shown in Fig. 6. Here the curb 

was formed the same as shown by a-c-a in Fig. 5. 

The height b x was set off on b a, as called for in 

Fig. 2, or % in., and a square bend was made, bringing 

the formation, as shown by / in Fig. 6. The distance 

from / to Y was made Y2 in., as called for in 

Fig. 2, a square bend made, bringing the shape as 

shown by g h i in Fig. 6. Bend h was then clamped 

together in the brake and the leakage gutter formed 

up as at e in Fig. 5, thus obtaining the profile for 

the front or lower side of curb shown in Fig. 2. 

The forming of the bar is shown in the four diagrams 

in Fig. 7. The bends a, b and c were first 

made, the distance c-d made 1 in. and a square bend 

made as shown by e; e-f was made % in. and a square 

bend made on f, bringing the formation as shown by 

h g. Bend h was now clamped tight in the brake, at 

i, thus completing the bar. 

The caps need no description in bending, as they 

are so simple. After the upper curb was set together in 

H 

SO 

10-ft. lengths, the 15-in. bar centers were marked off 

I Patt ern for 

on the gutter edge, as shown in Fig. 8, % in. meas 

I 

q> -Q 

to 

1 

Measure 

from arrow 

' point. 

Pattern 

for bar. 

j curb cap 

\ 

J 

19 

IB 

17 

L 

A . 

\ 

ured on either side of these centers, and the 1-in. 

width of the lower pant of the skylight bar notched 

out, and flattened, as sliown. This allowed for the 

mitering of the bar at the top of the curb, the upright 

corners a being soldered to make a tight joint. 

The intersection of the bar with the lower curb is 

shown in Fig. 9. This lower curb was notched similar 

to Fig. 8, the joint being indicated in Fig. 9 by b. 

Note that the bar a joined the %-in. bend a of the 

FIG. 3 DEVELOPING THE PATTERNS 

curb at a. 

In the center of each light of glass a round hole 

bar caps, or a total of 7 X 30, or 210, skylight bars was punched from the inside with a prick punch, as 

36 in. long, measured from the arrow point on the pat shown by the black circles c and c. This allowed for 

tern; also 210 bar caps 36 in. long, with a miter cut the escape of any seepage. 

on one end only, the lower end being cut square. 

Sixty side curbs were required, each 36 in. long, 

CAPPING THE BARS AND CURBS 

measuring from the arrow point on the pattern, also When all the skylights were put together copper 

60 curb caps 36 in. long. Sixty curbs, 10 ft. long, wire cleats 1-16 in. thick were soldered to the bar and 

were required, measuring from the arrow point in the curbs about 15 in. apart. These copper wires could 

pattern, for both upper and lower curbs. As the di have been soldered to the sides of the bars and curbs, 

visions between the bars measured 15 in. and as the but the better way was to set them between the folded 

metal of the bars was doubled, an allowance had to metal. 

be made to allow for the expansion and contraction, The location of the wire cleat being known, a slight 

so that the glass was ordered 14% in. wide. 

tap with the corner of the hammer upon the bar, as 

Referring to Fig. 2, it will be noted that the glass at A in Fig. 10, made a slight dent in the metal, or 

projected beyond the curb line C % hi- As the length just enough to keep the prick punch from slipping 

of the bar was 36 in., as in Fig. 4, then 36 + % = off, when a hole was punched to receive the copper 

36l/o in. in length. An allowance of % in. was made wire B, which was allowed to enter % in., as at a, 

for expansion, so that the glass was ordered 36% in. and project !/2 > 

long. As there were eight lights of glass to each 

skylight, 30 X 8, or 240 lights of %-in. wire glass 

14% x 36% in. was ordered from the factory. 

n " as a ^ B. With large pliers the 

punched hole was closed tight and the copper wire 

soldered. 

After the glass was laid in position, as shown in 

269


the diagram to the right,the position of the wire cleats firmly on to the glass, as at C, then the copper wire 

were marked on the cap and, using a solid punch of turned down and over, as at D, which completed the 

FURTHER DETAILS OF BAR AND CURB FORMATION 

Fig. S. Notching the upright Fig. 10. Securing the metal Fig. 9. Joining bar to lower 

flange on back curb and capping curb and showing weep holes 

showing formation of back 

and sides 

just the right size holes were punched in the caps. job. Two men and a helper worked on those thirty 

The caps were slipped over the copper wires, pressed skylights and not a light of glass was broken. 

The Path That Leads To Money 

In The Bank 

EXT week there will be presented the first of the articles which will run for 

_\ several months to show THE PATH THAT LEADS The start was postponed to 

Sept. 3. There is no TO MONEY (N THE BANK dissenting voice when it is 

asserted that more manufacturers' product would be sold and more homes would 

enjoy comfort and conveniences if the man who knows how to do the mechanical 

work also knew how to do the merchandising work and was an adept at it. It is 

the purpose of these articles to make a man qualified to do just this. 

He will befriend the manufacturer and the family by getting the output into 

service by simply becoming active in seeing the home folks and becoming fluent, 

entertaining and instructive in showing them how even the farmer can have all the 

comforts of the citizens of the avenue. 

Those who will read and practice will find ifl£ PATH THAT LEADS a blazed 

trail easy to follow, with a welcome at every TO MONEY IN THE BANK inhabited 

crossing. 

Remember the date and after you have read the first article see that all your 

employees read and remember to put the suggestions into practice for the prosperity 

and pleasure of all in your community. 

I


TWO GORDON HEATERS INSTALLED IN FOUNDRY OF PEERLESS FOUNDRV CO., CINCINNATI 

The building is 120 x 200 ft., with an average roof height of IS ft., and has a total exposed wall area of 7,300 sq. 

ft. and a total glass area of 9,700 sq. ft. of air per min. Kach Heater handles about 8,000 cu. ft. of air per min. 

The distance from he iter to the most remote corner is 135 ft. 

Mechanically Operated Hot Blast Heater 

Principle of Air Propulsion Embodied in 

Gordon Furnace for Use in Foundry or Shop 

F O R the purpose of reducing the amount of fuel 

used in heating the upper section of a building 

and to draw the heated air to the floor where it 

is needed, Robert Gordon, Inc., 622 West Monroe 

Street, Chicago, 111., has embodied the principle of 

air-propulsion in a hot-air furnace. In the Gordon 

CUT-AWAY VIEW OF OORDON FURNACE 

The inflowing air, entering at the bottom and side, 

passes through a series of staggered fins and tubes, where 

its temperature is raised to from SO deg. Fahr. to 400 

deg., as desired. The lieated air is drawn from the furnace 

by a multivane blower which forces it into the 

building through various outlets in the distribution 

chamber of the heater 

heater a mechanically driven multi-vane fan projects 

the heated air horizontally from the top of the furnace 

at a rate of from 5,000 to 15,000 cu. ft. per min.. 

depending on the rated capacity of the installation. 

Because of its speed, the air rises only sufficiently to 

form a slight arc terminating at the sides of the 

building. Here its direction is determined by the suction 

of the furnace fan, which draws in the air on the 

floor level. 

Although the natural tendency of warm air is to 

rise, in this case the cold air pressing down from above 

and the vacuum created below forces it in a downward 

sweep back to the base of the heater. This 

scheme of circulation has the effect of holding approximately 

75 per cent of the heat units generated 

by the furnace within the breathing zone. 

In foundries a further advantage of the installa- 

I ion is the fact that the down current of comparatively 

dry warm air absorbs the steam rising from the molds 

on the floor. 

At the furnace the cycle of circulation, just described, 

is completed, the air on the floor being sucked 

in through an annular opening practically surrounding 

the base of the furnace and an aperture below the 

coal door, after wliich it is again forced out by the 

fan through the open leader pipes of the bonnet into 

the atmosphere of the shop. 

In a large machine shop, equipped with a Gordon 

furnace, careful thermometer readings taken near 

windows, in remote corners, at the floor level and at 

an elevation of 15 ft., it is stated, showed a range in 

temperature of only 5 deg.; and in another plant, 

tests showed a temperature of 68 deg. Fahr. at the 

iloor, 7-1 deg. at an elevation of 9 ft., -11 deg. at a 

point 18 ft. above the floor and 28 deg. just below 

the roof of the monitor at a height of 36 ft. 

OPERATION OF GRATES 

The grates in the Gordon heater are of the revolving 

shell bar tvpe with three wearing or burning surfaces, 

features which arc conducive to long service.


They operate in pairs in either direction and when 

revolved in the proper direction, will crush and dump 

cinders and clinkers. Grates of this type have a 

large free air surface, thus promoting the flow of the 

air through the coal and eliminating dead pockets in 

the fire. Through the mechanical projection of the 

warmed air from tlie furnace, the effectiveness of the 

heater is freed from the influence of outside atmospheric 

conditions, such as the direction or force of 

the wind. 

The furnace is usually installed in the middle of a 

plant structure, as the best results are obtained when 

conductor piping is unnecessary. However, in a few 

installations local conditions required placing the 

furnace outside the plant room to be heated and in 

those cases conductor piping was used with satisfactory 

results. 

The heater is built with an interior and front 

entirely of heavy cast iron, inclosed by a galvanized 

sheet metal casing. The diameter of the casing ranges 

from 51 to 60 in. and its height from 8 ft. 4 in. to 9 

ft., according to the size of the furnace installed. 

The heater is arranged to burn bituminous or anthracite 

coal, coke, oil and gas. The manufacturer 

has developed an oil burner that has a range of combustion 

from 1 to 12 gal. per hr. This is a power 

driven unit with a pressure blower and geared pump. 

England Chief Buyer of Machinery 

in June 

England continued the chief purchaser of American 

metal-working machinery in June, and Canada almost 

got into second place, according to the figures compiled 

by the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, 

Washington, D. C. Out of a total exportation 

of metal-working machinery of $3,504,723 in that 

month, $894,566 worth went to England. Japan's 

share was $606,074 and Canada bought $604,333 

worth. France, which has been in second place in 

most months, dropped to $409,799. Out of the total, 

$846,583 represents the value of the lathes exported, 

$1,127,297 "other machine tools," $395,903 sharpening 

and grinding machines and $1,134,940, "all other 

metal-working machinery. 


Suggestions on Providing More Abundant Cold Air 

Supply and Better Protection to Warm Air Piping 

1HERE is a tremendous fund of information based 

on experience that could be made available if the 

invitation were ac- 

cepted by American furnacemen 

to give information 

to the English furnaceman, 

whose letter appeared 

in the issue of July 

2, under the head of 

"More Furnace Trade 

Abroad?" 

"I feel like contributing 

something on this subject, ' 

writes Charles N. Hayden, 

Arlington, Mass., "because 

I find that nine out of 

every ten furnaces that are 

not working right have an 

inadequate air supply. It 

is eitlier too small or the 

people have it almost completely 

shut off. There 

might be some interest in 

an experience I had recently. 

"I figured on a job for a 

man in West Roxbury. He 

called me up a few days 

later, saying my price was 

too high. I asked him how 

much toot high and he said 

$60. 

"My reply was, 'Well, 1 

hope you get a $60 better job at the same price. 

"A few davs later he 

PACLOE DINING 

ROOM 

BED 

COOM u 

called me and asked me if 

I could heat the bathrooms. 

There were two on the first 

W J cÔOM 

KUTCH EN 

and second floors at the extreme 

back of the two-family 

house. I told him I 

could. He said if I was 

sure I could heat the bathrooms 

I might have the 

job. He told me the other 

fellow was of the opinion 

PLAN- FIRST FLOOR. 

that as the bathrooms were 

so far from the furnace 

with so little pitch to the 

pipes, he could not be sure 

of heating them. I replied 

that if he did not get heat 

in the bathrooms, he could 

keep the $60. 

"I installed the job last 

December and after trying 

it out on a good cold dav 

_fLcri_N*A the man called me up and 

said, 'Everything is O. K.; 

come and get your money.' 

"As you will see by the 

plan, the job presented 

-.CT ION 

some difficulty. There was 

a furnace for each floor, 

and from one the run was 

over 30 ft. and from the 

THE JOB AND HOW IT WAS DONE 

other over 25 ft. The

AUGUST 27, 1920 METALWORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 273 

warm-air pipes were strapped to the floor timbers, 

without any pitch, and then they would have had 

to proceed through a cold space or cold-air storage 

closet before getting to the bathrooms. The question 

was how could it be done ? 

"I cut off the top of the door to the cold room and 

put in a header for the door, like a transom bar. To 

the floor timbers I fastened sheets of tin. I closed 

up the space in the cold room at one end and ran the 

pipes under the floor all the entire distance to the 

bathroom. I lined the space with asbestos paper, 

leaving the part next to the top of the door open into 

the main cellar. That virtually put the space in 

direct connection with the warm cellar. I then ran 

two warm-air pipes, both 8 in. in diameter, to the 

risers and the smoke pipe I ran underneath them 

as far as was required to reach the kitchen chimney 

with which it was connected, using 7-in. smoke pipe 

for the purpose. The accompanying sketches, plans 

and elevation make the work clear. 

"I proportioned my cold air supply duct on a basis 

of three-quarters of the area of all the warm-air pipes. 

This seemed to do everything that was required because 

the man was satisfied and I got the money." 

Care of Heaters In Summer 

BY SKRAP 

AGREAT deal has been said lately about the 

proper care of boilers and furnaces in the summer. 

While the information given has been more or 

less to the point, the writer believes one of the most 

important things has been overlooked. Here is a 

little personal experience along this line which carries 

the subject along a little farther. 

The shop has taken out a furnace for a customer 

which had been installed only about 4 years, but is 

a wreck. Now this is an exceptional case because 

the cellar is very wet in the summer and the furnace 

had not had proper care, but it serves to illustrate 

the point in question. 

On the other hand, the writer has just moved out 

of a house where he had lived for 22 years. When 

he moved into the house the furnace had been in 

about 3 years, which makes 2 years familiarity with 

its service. The furnace was second-hand when put 

in the house and it is not known how long it was used 

before that. 

The only repairs made to the furnace in 22 years 

was a new smoke pipe and one new radiator—the old 

one was of sheet metal. And when the writer left the 

house, the furnace seemed good for 20 years more. 

The wreck of the first furnace mentioned can only 

be accounted for by the fact that it was allowed to 

get wet and the preservation of the other furnace to 

the fact that it was kept perfectly dry during the 

summer. 

It may seem strange, but it is a fact, that a furnace 

with decent care does not burn out. At least 90 per 

cent of the wear is by rust and rust can be prevented 

by keeping the furnace dry. 

If the writer's chemistry is correct and written so 

as to be understood, coal in burning gives off a certain 

amount of sulphuric acid in the form of crystals. 

These crystals are comparatively harmless when dry, 

but when water is present, the acid becomes active 

and there is nothing that eats up iron faster. Adding 

to this the other fact that the sulphuric crystals have 

an extraordinary affinity for moisture which they absorb 

from the air faster than quick lime, there is a 

combination whose first, middle and last name is "Destruction" 

to all forms of heating apparatus. 

The only remedy is to keep the furnace dry. The 

method used by the writer, which he believes pretty 

nearly correct as he kept his furnace in good condition 

for 22 years, is to thoroughly clean the smoke pipe 

and all flues as soon as the coal fire is out. Then all 

the waste paper that accumulates about the house 

should be allowed to get perfectly dry, preferabh-- in 

the sun, and put into the furnace. Every 10 days or 

two weeks all during the summer this should be burned 

up. There are always cool nights or mornings or 

rainy days when this can be done without inconvenience 

and it pays big as it not only preserves the 

furnace but keeps the house itself from getting damp. 

THE NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE BOARD 

has removed its headquarters from Boston to New 

York, and on Aug. 23 offices were established at 10 

Fast Thirty-ninth Street. An announcement is made 

that business executives and economists and others interested 

in the board's work will find at its offices 

much valuable information on industrial-economic 

subjects which is constantly being collected and analyzed. 

Magnus W. Alexander is managing director. 

Recipes From an Old Scrap Book


National Trade Extension Activitie 

A Co-operative Effort by the Dealers and Contractors 

to Increase Production, Eliminate Wase and Supply 

the Public with the Best Appliances Efficiently and 

Economically Installed 

T H E real purpose of the National Trade Extension 

Bureau of the plumbing and heating industry 

is co-operation for better service. Having 

successfully passed through its organization period 

beset with the handicaps occasioned by the World 

War, it is now prepared to carry out its policy and 

to give service both to its members and to the public. 

There need be no fear that the work of this Bureau 

properly conducted will not serve a national want 

and, therefore, receive encouragement by all interests 

striving for the settlement of business unrest and the 

promotion of national prosperity. 

It is the purpose of this article to place before the 

reader the position that each of the groups composing 

this Bureau occupies—its relation to the others and to 

the public, and how each may receive a profitable 

return without infringing upon the rights of the others. 

In the first group are the dealers—comprising the 

manufacturers and jobbers in plumbing, heating and 

water supply appliances. It is their aim to have their 

goods known and used by the public, and as they sell 

only merchandise, they require the assistance of the 

second group—the contractors—to install these goods 

and make them a finished product. Right here the 

work of increased production, the elimination of waste 

and efficient and economical installation have their 

places. In the past we have had, on thc part of the 

dealers, the individual advertisement, the individual 

sales force and the curtailed territory, all of which 

were attended with waste, restricted production and 

poor installation. 

The individual advertisement, sometimes poorly 

worded or printed, often offended tliose to whom it 

was addressed and failed of its purpose. The reason 

for this can easily be ascribed to the fact that the 

writer failed to gauge the thoughts of his readers, 

having no centralized bureau from which this information 

could be obtained. 

TRAINING FOR EFFECTIVE SELLING 

The individual sales force also had its waste and 

mistakes, due to lack of proper training. The salesman 

was a law unto himself, often better known than 

the house he represented, building what he termed a 

personal following and swinging his trade at will from 

one dealer to anotlier as he traveled from place to 

place. The dealer was dependent almost entirely 

upon him to sell his goods to old customers and to 

create new ones, and very often the new field was 

entirely neglected because it was easier to sell in the 

old. This indirectly caused a decreased production 

and an undeveloped field. Overstocking shelves, misrepresenting 

goods, creating a spirit of pessimism (by 

narrating the difficulty of securing goods), are some 

of the evils and wasteful methods of this system. 

BY 1). F. DURKIN, JR., PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL 

ASSOCIATION OF MASTER PLUMBERS, INC. 

In the past a certain amount of waste was regarded 

as an unavoidable item of overhead. Now the tremendous 

increase in prices of even the cheapest articles 

makes it necessary for dealers to find a better 

and more economical method of marketing their goods 

and increasing the production to a point where it will 

bear a closer ratio to this increased overhead. We 

believe we have found the remedy for these evils in 

the Bureau's Individual Advertisement feature which 

will curtail or eliminate them by centralized advertising 

properly prepared. 

Individual salesmanship will be eliminated by a 

salesmanship properly trained from a central point 

and augmented by a large force of contractors receiving 

an education that changes them from disgruntled 

critics of an ancient business program to ardent supporters 

and, of necessity, trained salesmen in the industry 

represented. Of course, all will not measure 

up to the opportunities offered, but there will be a 

sufficient number to warrant the effort. 

BUSINESS TRAINING FOR TRADESMEN 

The lack of business training and the opportunity 

of securing it—tlie contractor drifting from the ranks 

of the mechanic into that of business man, qualified to 

install the job, but not to secure it, manage it or ascertain 

its cost. And then followed, as will often follow, 

the lack of real knowledge—the disposition to 

trick, skimp the job, substitute the imitation for the 

real article and gradually drift into a position where 

all efforts are directed towards low prices at the expense 

of character, personality and service. 

The Trade Extension Bureau will offer to this 

group the opportunity of learning the most approved 

methods of salesmanship and how to secure the job, 

office management, including record keeping, organization, 

and directions for ascertaining the cost; including 

estimating, cost finding, etc. These modern methods 

must supplant tbe wasteful efforts of the contractors 

during the past if they are ambitious of conducting a 

successful business, and the majority, realizing the 

opportunity, will take advantage of it. 

TRADE PRESS IMPORTANT PART OF BUREAU 

There is another group associated with the Bureau 

that has its own interests with its own returns, that 

can and does give service beneficial to the others. We 

refer to the trade press, comprising the men engaged 

in the publication of information applicable to the 

industry. They are vitally interested in trade advancement 

as their publications are dependent upon the 

success of the dealers and contractors by whom thev 

are supported and whose interests they serve. They. 

therefore, are. an important part of the Trade Extension 

Bureau.


If our thoughts are correct regarding the inefficient 

methods of the groups more directly interested in this 

centralized effort at business building, in order to 

secure their support to the movement it should be 

necessary only to convince them that we have adopted 

the correct plans with the necessary organization for 

carrying them out. We shall, therefore, conclude this 

article with a short account of the Bureau, its management 

and its methods. 

THE HOME OF THE BUREAU AND ITS MANAGER 

Evansville, Ind., is the home of the Bureau. It 

might be located in any part of the country as its 

program applies to no particular section. Its management 

is vested in a board of directors consisting 

of dealers and contractors, who make its laws and 

look after its finances. Its offices and the carrying out 

of its plans are in charge of William J. Woolley, a 

master plumber and qualified expert in business build 

ing for the plumbing and heating industry. He has 

the assistance of men versed in salesmanship, office 

management, estimating, etc., and the required clerical 

force, office files, etc. 

This organization, collecting useful data, planning 

new ideas, creating new business and sending the results 

of their work to its members, promises a reconstruction 

in our business methods with assured results 

to all. It would be the part of wisdom, tlierefore, that 

we try this new venture and give it our support. 

One of the groups, the Master Plumbers' Association 

of the United States, has, at its convention in 

Pittsburgh, reasserted its approval of the Bureau, repledged 

its support and appropriated one dollar per 

member from its funds as a contribution, so that each 

of its members may receive the Bureau's Monthly 

Service Bulletin. This action is worthy of imitation. 

Give us a united support and we will build bigger 

business for vou. 

Trade with Your Local Merchant It Pays 

BY HAMP WILLIAMS 

Every one in the hardware trade knows Hamp Williams of Hot Springs, 

Ark., says the editor of Hardware Age, who gives the following explanation of the 

article reprinted. They know him as a keen, efficient and successful hardware 

merchant and as a faithful and enthusiastic association worker. However, few 

realize that Hamp is also a capable writer on business subjects, a qualified contributor 

to magazines of national prominence. 

Some months ago the Delineator offered a prize of $500 for the best essay 

on the subject, "Why It Pays to Trade with Local Merchants." 

Mr. Williams wrote to the editor, giving his views on the subject, but disclaiming 

any desire to enter the contest. The editor replied promptly declaring Hamp's 

article to be one of the best submitted, and asking permission to publish it in 

pamphlet form and spread it broadcast over the country. 

Mr. Williams waived all rights in the contest, which did not close until July 

31, in order that it might be printed and distributed at once. 

In view of the fact that Hamp Williams is a recognized leader in the hardware 

field, and that his essay covers a subject of interest to the trade in general, 

we reproduce it as follows. 

T H E R E is a principle involved in every transaction, 

and that principle should be observed. Tliere 

is a right and wrong position to take. If it is 

right for the consumers to send their money to the 

catalog houses for their merchandise, they should do 

so, but if it is wrong, they should not do it. 

I will take for an example one of our hardware 

merchants in Hot Springs to prove that people should 

buy from their home merchants instead of sending 

tlieir money away. In the twenty-four years he has 

been in business, he has introduced and sold a great 

many movers and rakes on one, two and tliree years' 

time, which encouraged the farmers to increase their 

meadows and make the cost of the mower in hay before 

they had to pay for it. 

He has sold more than a thousand two-horse wagons 

at $10 down and $10 per month to men who had 

teams and no wagons and not enough money to pay 

all down for a new one. They were enabled to make 

the wagon pay for itself as the payments came due. 

When the Government farm demonstrator was tryino- 

to introduce hog cholera serum into this country 

to prevent hog cholera, it was a difficult matter to get 

the farmers to send away for it, and this man kept it 

in stock and furnished it to the farmers exactly at 

cost in order to get them to use it and save their 

hogs, which they did. 

He was the first man to introduce commercial fertilizer 

into this section, and was also the first to introduce 

two-horse cultivators and was told at the time 

liv some that he was doing the country a great injury 

bv selling the people fertilizers and cultivators. They 

contended that the Georgia stock and double shovels 

were the best tools for cultivation. And now there is 

little demand for Georgia stocks and double shovels. 

He introduced and sold the first disk harrows in 

tliis section. 

He manufactured, introduced and sold one of the 

first home canners for canning both fruits and 

vegetables. 

He has introduced many improved farm implements 

that have helped farmers to make more money, and 

many household and kitchen furnishings, gas. wood 

and coal ranges, wliich have proved a blessing to bun-


dreds of overworked women on our farms. 

He has made it possible for people to look at all 

these things before purchasing, and when introducing, 

has placed his personal guarantee behind them, agreeing 

to take them back if not entirely satisfactory. 

If these people had waited for the catalog houses 

to have presented and sold these improved articles 

to them on credit, giving them an opportunity to try 

them before paying, they would still be breaking their 

land with a No. 8 Avery plow and cultivating with 

a double shovel and Georgia stock. They would be 

cutting their crab grass and wild grass with scythes, 

and their grain with the old-style scythe and cradle. 

A personal guarantee from a local merchant means 

a great deal more to the consumer than a guarantee 

from some catalog house. 

This man that I refer to has erected one of the 

largest and best store buildings in the city and is a 

director in one of the banks, which has erected a sixstory 

bank building. He is president of the school 

board, which has had put up one of the best high 

school buildings in the South, and several modern 

ward scliool buildings. 

He is a good roads advocate and is a builder. He 

is now erecting one of the largest garage buildings 

in that section of the country. In addition to giving 

employment in his hardware business to the heads of 

twenty-five or more families who are prospering, he 

is making room for still more. The profits on the 

merchandise he sells go to paying salaries, to charity, 

to the erection of new buildings, to the improving of 

streets, roads and schools. His state and county 

taxes amount to more than $3,000, besides his income 

tax, and it is estimated that he pays salaries, taxes 

and rents amounting to $55,000 per annum. 

Suppose our people had sent all the money that 

has passed through his hands to catalog houses, what 

would we have to show for it? And this is just one of 

many men who have made a success of merchandising 

in Hot Springs. The greater portion of their success 

lias gone into upbuilding of our city and country. 

HE HELPS BUILD UP THE COMMUNITY 

This man has been directly connected with and 

largely responsible for the erection of school, bank, 

store and residence buildings at an aggregate cost 

of nearly a million dollars. He has given back to the 

city and country a service of far more value than he 

has taken from it, and I -want to ask this question: 

Has it paid this community to do business with this 

man, or would this country have been better off had 

all this money been sent to the catalog houses? Can 

you think of a merchant in your town who has not 

given back to the community as much or more than 

he has taken from it? If you have such merchants, 

they are not the kind I am referring to. 

How would you like to have all the merchants in 

your town go out of business, thereby forcing you to 

buy all your farm implements, wagons, hardware, 

stoves, ranges, dry goods, clothing, shoes, groceries, 

etc., from the catalog houses? Is it not a fact that 

a great many of our people use the local merchants 

for convenience and buy staple articles from them 

and send away for the profit-bearing goods because 

they think they are saving a few pennies? 

The truth of the whole matter is, the people do not 

think ahead. They are trying to save a few cents 

to-day at a cost to themselves, their families and to 

the communities of many thousand dollars in the 

future. 

This man that I refer to has begged the farmers 

to buy improved farm implements and to improve 

their hogs, cattle and poultry, paint their houses and 

keep their wagons and implements under shelter, to 

raise their own feed and food, raise more sheep and 

goats and less dogs, and is now helping to establish 

a marketing place and cotton yard, so the farmers 

may have a place to store their cotton and obtain 

the highest market prices for their products. Do you 

know of any catalog houses trying to help anybody 

except themselves ? 

WHY DO THEY DO IT? 

What I want is for some one to tell me why they 

send their money to catalog houses for anything they 

can buy at home. A person who patronizes catalog 

houses is willing to trust strangers with his money 

and trust the strangers' word, and wait patiently for 

the goods to be shipped. One of these fellows would 

not think of paying a local merchant in advance for 

anything, neither would he take the local merchant's 

word, but to the contrary, he must see the article and 

have the local merchant's personal guarantee before 

he will buy it, and then, to cap it all, will often ask 

the merchant to charge it for thirty or sixty days. 

Some difference! 

When crop failures come, and you are out of work, 

who do you go to for help ? Catalog houses ? Who 

buys your pork, beef, corn and cotton ? Catalog 

houses? Who helps to build church and schoolhouses? 

Who helps pay the taxes and who helps you or your 

neighbor when in distress ? Catalog houses ? They 

would laugh you to scorn if you should ask them for 

assistance. 

Your local merchant, as a rule, has a family of 

boys and girls, and his employees also have boys and 

girls, and these boys and girls marry in your community. 

Have you ever seen any catalog house boys 

and girls ? Your boys and girls would remain single 

until they were as old as Methuselah if they had to 

wait for catalog houses to send them a companion. 

In fact, wouldn't this country be in one hell of a 

fix if we had to look altogether to catalog houses 

for all our needs ? Then why not look entirely to 

our home merchants to supply our multitude of wants ? 

New Pipe Company to Begin Operations 

Arrangements for financing having been completed, 

the Ohio Steel Products Co., Youngstown, Ohio, will 

commence operations about Sept. 1 at its plant in 

Mineral Ridge, Trumbull County, Ohio. The Huron 

Steel Co., which is building a plant at Huron, Ohio, 

has acquired an extensive interest in the Ohio Steel 

Products Co., which may ultimately mean merging of 

the two concerns. The Mineral Ridge plant will produce 

enameled and galvanized conduit pipe and steel 

tubing for the automobile trade, manufactured from 

strip steel. The plant will have a yearly production 

capacity of 20,000 tons. Capital of the Ohio Steel 

Products Co. is $500,000.


Heating Guidance for Residence Worl. 

Simple Calculations That May Be Used on Small Work 

With Certainty of Pleasing Customers by Results 

BY INSTRUCTOR 

IN SEVEN PARTS—PART III, ONE-PIPE RELIEF AND CIRCUIT SYSTEMS 

T H E one-pipe relief system is especially adapted out the return mains and branches must be equalized 

to dwelling houses and similar buildings on ac so that the water may flow back by gravity. 

count of its simplicity. As the radiator has only The single-pipe system is equally well adapted to 

one connection for both supply and return the num both sealed and dry returns, the general method of 

ber of risers passing through the lower rooms is re making the connections in each case shown in Fig. 1. 

duced by one half, which in itself is a matter of con A typical method of taking off a riser and dripping 

siderable importance. Also, as there is only one into sealed return is illustrated in Fig. 2. This ar 

valve to operate there is no danger of flooding the rangement drips the main at each take-off to a riser 

Red 

'7AA/77777. /.: A 

and also furnishes sufficient flexibility for the expansion 

of the riser downward. A similar plan for a 

—7^-T//777/77/7//77/777/777/7777/7777/7////////////////7A////////7/7AA7. A 

W l 

dry return employing a siphon drip i.s shown in Fig. 3. 

An arrangement of this system especially adapted 

to buildings of three stories and over is illustrated 

in Fig. 4, in which case a single large riser is carried 

to the attic, where it branches and connects with the 

various drops supplying the radiators on the floors 

below. By using this method the flow of steam and 

condensation is in the same direction and smaller 

pipes may be used than when the upward feed is employed 

where they flow in opposite directions. 

This system of piping is especially adapted to 

buildings where the first floor is occupied by stores or 

-A SINGLE PIPE SYSTEM WITH WET AND DRY 

RETURN CONNECTIONS 

banking rooms, with apartments or offices above. This 

is so because both the size and number of pipes passing 

through the lower rooms is reduced. 

floors and ceilings through carelessness in failing to 

The main supply riser may usually be carried up 

close the return valve when steam is shut off. 

in a concealed location while the drips from the sup 

The general arrangement of the basement piping 

ply drops may be reduced to %-in. for a supply pipe 

is practically the same as for the two-pipe system 

except that condensation is taken from the base of 

each supply riser instead of separate returns being 

brought down from the radiators. 

A typical layout for a system of this kind is shown 

in diagram in Fig. 1. The highest point in the main 

should be directly over the boiler and the various 

branches should pitch downward with an even grade 

in the direction of flow. 

The risers are taken off as indicated, and the bottoms 

dripped into the return main below. Each riser 

supplying two or more radiators should, in general, 

have a separate drip into the return. Single radiators 

of small size may drip back into the supply main, 

but if they are of large size, it is better to drip each 

riser separately. 

It will be noticed that the drip connections at the 

right for the dry return are the reverse of those for FIG. 2 RISER WITH SEALED FIG. 3 DRY RETURN 

the two-pipe system shown in the previous article. 

That is, the risers are drained through siphons while 

RETURN CONNECTION SEALED WITH SIPHON DRIP 

the end of the main connects directly with the return. 

2y2 In this case the lowest pressure is at the ends of 

in. in diameter, as being in a vertical position 

the mains, so that steam introduced into the returns 

with considerable head they will carry away a large 

at these points will cause no trouble in the pipes con 

quantity of water. Furthermore, a number of drips 

necting between them and the boiler. If no steam is 

may be brought together and carried down through 

allowed to enter the returns, a vacuum will be formed, 

the first floor, as shown at the left in Fig. -1, thus 

and there will be no pressure to force the water back reducing the number. 

to the boiler. In other words, the pressure through As compared with the two-pipe system, there is but

::: METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 27, 1920 

little difference in cost, as larger pipes and valves 

make up for the smaller number of risers. 

The sizes of horizontal supply and return mains 

may be the same as already given for the two-pipe 

system. When supplied on the upward feed from the 

bottom, a.s in Fig. 1. the vertical risers must be made 

larger in order to reduce the velocity of the steam, 

otherwise it will pick up the descending water in the 

form of a spray and carry it back into the radiators. 

The following table gives average sizes for vertical 

risers working under the conditions noted above: 

Square feet of 

radiation 

30 

60 

80 

140 

200 

Size of riser 

1-inch 

1%-inch 

li/2-inch 

2-inch 

2i/,-inch 

It will be noticed that the sizes in this table are 

considerably larger than given in previous tables for 

horizontal mains and branches supplying similar 

quantities of radiation. When laying out a system of 

piping of this kind it is customary to make the short 

branches between the main and risers the same size as 

the latter, as it reduces the velocity of the steam near 

the base of the riser, thus preventing the condensation 

from being carried up with the steam. 

___ 

., Steam Supplv 

— M M ' il' . 

f777777. 'AA • •" A-} • 'A-—A77J771 •J.I..,.,., _j4„ yly^TTTTA) 7 _Xfc, v/i,w))M Tl M, 7^ 6EALE0 

,., ',« "STUB. 

• 

0; 

i 

V77777, 'AAAAAAW. 7tf77//////>>// '-MA/;/////});}. VA7777ZA7. 

\ "• 

f?eturn at cer//r?y 

fio r/ser^ f/irough this room. 

,>J ~T' 

^7777, zhA7AAAAA '-z^///7/A7//%/7Av/7///»/\ 

riW Steam ând ^Return .. 

Drip 

..Refotrn 

B 

Soiler 

Dr//^ 

/7777/7


than the pipes which are dripped at frequent intervals 

or which carry only the condensation that forms in the 

pipe itself. 

Sizes of mains which have been found to give satisfaction 

in practice for this kind of work are given 

below: 

Square feet of Size of circuit 

radiation main 

200 2-inch 

350 2^-inch 

600 3-inch 

900 3i/,-inch 

1,200 4-inch 

2,000 5-inch 

3,000 6-inch 

A modification of this system, adapting it to larger 

buildings is shown in Fig. 6. The supply riser shown 

in the diagram may be one of a number supplying 

only a section instead of a whole building. The "circuit 

main" in this case may be simply a straight run 

of pipe dripped at the far end, or it may extend 

around two or more sides of a building. A single 

riser in the arrangement shown supplies a number of 

circuits which are located at the ceiling of each story 

instead of in the basement, as shown in Fig. 5. 

RADIATOR CONNECTIONS 

Typical radiator connections for both one-pipe and 

two-pipe systems are shown in Fig. 7, 8 and 9. The 

first of these represents a first floor radiator supplied 

directly from a basement main and draining back into 

it. In cases of this kind great care should be taken 

to give the "horizontal" portion of the pipe a good 

upward pitch toward the radiator, else water will be 

apt to collect at the point "A," causing snapping and 

singing. The entire connection between the main and 

radiator should be given the full size called for by 

the table of single-pipe up-feed risers. 

A typical connection is shown in Fig. 8 between a 

riser and single-pipe radiator in fairly tall buildings 

where tliere is more or less movement to the risers 

due to expansion. This makes a flexible connection 

without the use of special loops or joints. The same 

general method may be employed for all ordinary 

Q=_5M3 

j STEAM 

Fig. 10. 

a coil. 

JAIRV 

work, although for first and second floor rooms in 

dwelling houses the lengtli of horizontal run between 

the riser and radiator need not be so great as sliown 

in the cut, as the expansion of the riser will be slight 

and so much flexibility is not required, especially on 

the first floor. 

c 

Connections between risers and radiator for a twopipe 

system are shown in Fig. 9. It is usually desirable 

to keep the supply and return risers close together 

on account of the appearance and this shows 

the way of doing it. 

Run-outs between riser and radiator are generally 

made in the floor in case of frame buildings, carrying 

the pipes between the joists. With fireproof "construction 

the run-outs are necessarily either above or 

below the floor. When the pipes are concealed they 

should be run clear of the woodwork, or else it should 

be protected with heavy asbestos paper or light board. 

Wood lying against a steam pipe will, in time, become 

charred and may take fire. 

Angle valves should always be used at the radiators 

when possible, in the way shown in Fig. 7 to 9. 

FIG. 7—A FIRST 

FLOOR CONNEC 

TION 

DIAGRAM OF COIL CONNECTIONS AND DESIGN OF SLEEVE 

FIG. 8 A TYPI 

CAL ONE-PIPE 

CONNECTION 

FIG. 9 CONNEC 

TIONS FOR TWO- 

PIPE SYSTEM 

This allows a sudden drop as soon as the condensation 

passes through the valve and assists in the drainage. 

Diagrams for coil connections are shown in Fig. 10 

and 11. 

Piping for patented systems of heating should always 

be laid out tor the contractor by the manufacturers 

or representatives supplying the particularsystem 

to be used. The various devices employed require 

special treatment and all responsibility should 

be placed on the makers. This applies to the various 

vapor and vacuum systems which have been placed on 

the market in recent years and which seem to be giving 

good satisfaction as they become more highly 

perfected. 

Where pipes pass through floors or partitons, the 

woodwork should be protected with galvanized iron 

A bypass connection to Fig-. 11. A typical coil connec Fit;, li'. Sleeve for riser to protion.tect 

timbers. 

sleeves having a diameter at least % in. larger than 

the pipe. The plates, which form the finish around 

the opening should be fastened to the floor or ceiling, 

and not to the pipe, as the constant expansion and 

contraction of the latter will throw them out of place. 



Plumbing Secretaries' National 

Conference 

An Organization of Secretaries of State and Local Associations 

Identified with the National Association of Master Plumbers 

BY H. F. BAILLET 

W H A T does this 

mean ; why a secretaries' 

association? 

It is a clearing house for 

the secretaries connected 

with the National Association 

of Master Plumbers. 

An annual "get together 

and let's talk it 

over" for the many-sided 

activities of live secretaries 

of master plumbers' 

associations. For many years past it was quite the 

usual thing at national conventions to find two, three 

or more secretaries from different parts of the country 

hob-nobbing and exchanging views and experiences of 

different phases of their secretarial work. All this, 

however, was desultory and while of much value to the 

secretary who had become a confirmed convention goer, 

much of its potential value was lost because of the limited 

circle who were known to each other and because 

of the loss of personal touch between conventions. 

The desire for closer and more continuous co-operation 

between secretaries has been expressed many 

times from different well-known men who had served 

their local and state associations in a secretarial capacity 

and who could realize the many false starts 

and economic waste of lost or unnecessary duplication 

of efforts due to not having the benefit of the 

experience of the other fellow who has traveled along 

the same road and has met the same pitfalls and 

stumbling blocks. However, such isolated efforts 

seemingly failed to impress the national officers of the 

past, probably because they failed of proper presentation 

as well as due to the fact that the national office 

was busy with many important matters and did 

not therefore visualize the value of co-operative effort 

among secretaries. 

In advance of the national convention held at Atlantic 

City in 1919, National Secretary A. A. Zertanna 

advised a meeting of all local and state secretaries 

present. Such meetings were held, two in number, and 

the participants expressed themselves as having profited 

thereby. To such an extent this was true that at 

the national convention held in Pittsburgh in 1920 

greater interest was showu in the movement. Four 

meetings were held in the interim of national convention 

sessions. 

Aside from the valuable discussions and information 

disclosed this gathering of secretaries started 

something. They made a constructive effort along 

the lines of a permanent organization with a means 

of communication during the year, so as to keep in 

touch with what may develop of interest in the mean 

time, under the title of 

"Plumbing Secretaries' 

National Conference." It 

was decided to meet at the 

time and place of the next 

national convention of 

master plumbers one day 

prior to the calling of the 

convention, which will be 

in New Orleans in 1921. 

The membership fee in 

this conference is $5 for 

this year (to provide money for necessary printing 

and postage). Local associations of master plumbers 

are asked to support their secretary to this extent and 

wherever practical are asked to send their secretary 

to the national convention so that he may be able to 

attend the sessions of the conference. 

It is an attempt of earnest workers to increase their 

efficiency and the value of their services to the local, 

state and national associations by and through cooperative 

measures. As such, we submit the conference 

is worthy of the support of the local associations 

and of the individual members. 

The better secretaries we are, the better we can 

serve the interests of the associations—local, state 

and national. 

The commendable purpose of this new body 

entitles it to the support it seeks. It is destined 

to prove one of the most useful of the allies of 

the association from wliich it originates. Its 

officers are: President. H. F. Baillet, 48 Chapman 

Place, Irvington, N. J.; vice-president, W. 

W. Hughes, 1514 East Franklin Avenue, Minneapolis, 

Minn.; secretary, E. F. Bohm, 608 The 

Arcade, Cleveland, Ohio. 

Emergency Repairs to Wrought 

Iron Water Pipe 

AVERY simple method of replacing a section of 

wrought iron water pipe when the water cannot 

be turned off the line is shown by the accompanying 

illustration. 

The only thing needed, in addition to the regular 

tools necessary to make the repair, is a wooden plug. 

The plug should be the same diameter at the large 

end as the outside diameter of the pipe; small end 

of the plug of such size as will freely enter the inside 

of pipe, and plug can be made of any soft wood. 

The operation consists of cutting the pipe off at the 

desired point on the pressure side of repairs with a 

hack saw, placing a bag or a piece of burlap over the 

back of the hack saw to protect the workman from a 

splash. 

When the pipe is cut, one end can be sprung aside 

and the plug driven in the pressure end of the pipe, 

thus stopping the flow. By again using the bag or 

burlap in driving the plug all spray will be kept 

from the workman. The plug being the same size as

AUCUST 27, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 281 

the outside diameter of the pipe the die can be opened 

wide enough to slip over the plug and then it 

ra 

Die 

~î 

Wrought Iron 

•Pipe j^_ 

= . 

Wooden 

Plug, 

METHOD OF REPLACING WATER PIPE SECTION 

may be very easily adjusted to thread the pipe. 

After the thread has been cut and the die removed, 

a stop cock or valve can be screwed in place to control 

the water and the other repairs made dry. 

If no stop cock or valve is available then the otlier 

repairs can be made before removing the plug, and a 

wet connection made when the plug is removed, requiring 

but a short time. 

There will be some loss of water, depending on the 

time taken in making the first cut, driving the plug 

and later screwing on the control valve. However, in 

places where a small quantity of water will cause no 

damage, repairs can be made in this way on pipe up 

to 2 in. in diameter and against the pressure up to 

100 lb. or more. 

It is adaptable and can be used to advantage in 

many eases where freezing materials are not at hand 

and would require some time to obtain or where it 

would require considerable time and expense to control 

the flow of water by other means. 

THE AMERICAN PROTECTIVE TARIFF LEAGUE has 

iust issued its campaign button which reads as follows: 

"Harding and Coolidge, SMILE, 1920," and 

on the back of the button are the words "Protection 

Prosperity." The "SMILE" is in red ink across the 

button and as large as space will allow. Two buttons 

sent to any address by letter mail for 6 cents, address 

W. F. Wakeman, Secretary, 339 Broadway, New 

York, who also has some literature in the press that 

can be procured from him. 

Letters of a Plumber to His Helper 

Some Causes of the Bursting of Water Fronts and Short 

Service of Range Boilers and Connections — Hammering 

and Rumbling Sounds Due to Choked Connections and 

Interference With Circulation 

BY WILLIAM HUTTON 

DEAR Boss: 

It is some time since I have had to write you, but 

that is not because I think I know enough now to get 

along without help. In fact, it seems as if every day 

brought a new problem and in a good many cases I 

have had to dope out some way to get over the difficulty 

even if it did not turn out to be the best way, 

for we have been kept very busy and I could not 

wait to write you. 

What I want to know now, however, is something 

which will help me to determine what is the seat of 

the trouble and then I may be able to work out the. 

remedy to suit each case as it comes up. 

Lately there has been a large number of calls for 

new water-fronts in kitchen ranges and it seems to me 

that there must be a reason for so many giving out in 

about the same time, as all of the ranges are comparatively 

new. There seems to be a good deal of rust in 

the pipes as the nipples close to the water-front were 

almost full. Why should this take place? 

HARRY. 

DEAR HARRY: 

I thought that you would have noticed long ago 

that pipes conveying hot water fill up or rust out long 

before pipes carrying cold water. But even if you 

did notice this, you may have been unable to tell the 

reason. In fact, it is not so very long ago that the 

importance of this matter was fully realized and efforts 

made to determine the cause of iron and steel 

pipe failing in so short a time after it had been put 

into use. 

Filling up of the pipes may be due to causes other 

than corrosion. In all waters brought from lakes oi 

open reservoirs there is more or less sediment in a 

state of suspension. When such water is heated to 

the boiling point, the sediment is precipitated. This 

is true of water impregnated with lime and other 

kinds of salts. 

If the water in vour locality is hard it is likely that 

you will find in the water-fronts and pipes connecting 

them a hard substance coating the walls or completely 

filling the pipes and water-fronts. This is the lime 

which has been deposited as the result of raising the 

temperature of the water to the point where it would 

be precipitated as a solid. 

I have been in towns where this occurrence is so


frequent that people keep a reserve water-front on 

hand and, when the one in use becomes choked, it is 

removed and the other put into service. When the 

choked one is taken out, it is dried and pounded until 

the hard coating is broken up and removed in small 

chunks. Sometimes acid is used to help cut the lime, 

but in any case it is rather a hard job to get the fronts 

properly cleaned. 

It is seldom that such precipitation has any corrosive 

action on the pipes and, when the sediment is 

removed, they are good for further service. 

When you do find the pipes corroded and particles 

of rust built up in ells and other sharp-turn fittings 

look for the first cause as overheating of the water. 

It seems to be well established that this is the cause of 

severe corrosion of iron and steel pipes. Don't you 

remember the hotel where we did so much work and 

in which there was a storage tank heated by steam 

which gave trouble on several occasions ? Perhaps 

you remember that we put on an automatic temperature 

regulator so that the overheating which was causing 

the plates of the tank to give out and the pipes 

to corrode so frequently might be checked. 

Well, here is an interesting sequel. The hotel 

owner decided to put in a few bathrooms and an outof-town 

firm got the contract. The contractor, seeing 

that the storage tank was pretty well gone, talked the 

owner into buying a new one, which was perfectly 

right and proper. But in making the changes to the 

steam supply pipes the contractor did away with the 

temperature regulator. The result is that the new 

tank, which has been in use only some three years, 

is leaking already. 

CAUSE OF CORROSION 

It has been stated that the temperatures at which 

corrosion is most likelv to take place are between 140 

and 180 deg. Fahr. This has been explained as being 

due to excess of oxygen. Pure water at normal pressure 

will dissolve 14.7 parts per million of oxygen 

at 72 deg. Fahr., and 7.60 parts per million at 86 

deg. Fahr. At 210 deg. oxygen is practically insoluble, 

so you see that as the water is lieated the solubility 

at normal pressures becomes less and in the case of a 

domestic hot water supply system the oxygen must 

remain in solution owing to the fact that the water is 

heated under pressure and in a closed vessel. 

Thus the water may be said to be super-saturated 

with oxygen and its rapid passage over the walls of 

the pipes and the plates of boilers or storage tanks 

seems to have an increased destructive effect. 

The results of scientific investigation of this matter 

are now being put to commercial use for tliere is a 

concern now operating a system for the removal of 

excess oxygen from large water heating plants and 

its efforts seem to be meeting with success. 

In the case of small systems, such as ordinary 

house supply jobs it is not practical to adopt any 

method for the removal of oxygen, and all that can be 

done is to use larger storage tanks or smaller waterfronts 

so that the water may have less chance to become 

overheated, or to use copper boilers and brass 

coils and connections. Where tank heaters are used, 

it is easy to apply a thermostatic control operating 

the dampers so that the water will not be heated to a 

point higher than that desired. 

Where the water is hard as the result of impreg 

nation with lime, tliere is a small appliance which 

may be fitted on the return connection between the 

range boiler and the water-front. This appliance has a 

chamber through which the water must pass and the 

maker provides a chemical substance which is placed 

in the chamber and which acts to neutralize the action 

of the heat upon the lime in the water. 

Then you can place a sediment chamber at the 

bottom of the boiler and so connect your return pipe 

that the greater part of the sediment or precipitate 

will be deposited in the chamber for removal at stated 

periods. 

If you want to try cleaning any of the water fronts 

you find choked, take a little muriatic acid and make 

up a solution of one part of acid to five parts of 

water. Plug one of the tapping? in the front and 

pour in the solution and boil it gently by placing the 

front on top of a bunsen burner or a firepot turned 

down to a low flame. This generally loosens up the 

sediment if it is lime. Another way is to soak the 

front in a solution of common washing soda and 

water for a long time. 

That will tell you how the fronts become choked. 

Why they burst is because they are choked and the 

thick sediment on the walls of the water-front allows 

the iron to become overheated as tliere is no water in 

contact with them to carry the heat away. Thus the 

wall is weakened and pressure does not rest. You 

always can tell when the connections or water-front 

are becoming choked by the sounds which the boiler 

makes when a hot fire is carried. There will be sharp 

snapping sounds when no water is being drawn. These 

result from the bursting of steam bubbles formed in 

the very hot water-front as they pass into the cooler 

water in the boiler. Then when a faucet is opened, 

if the whole boiler is full of overheated water, there 

will be a loud rumbling sound which is the result of 

the contents flashing into steam as the pressure is relieved 

and the boiling point is lowered. 

You can tell the difference after a little study as 

this will happen with a perfectly clean water-front 

and boiler if the water is overheated but there will be 

no sound while the faucets are closed. 

I recommend you to study this carefully as you will 

find many cases wherever you go and nothing irritates 

a housekeeper more than a poor supply of hot water 

or scares her more than the pounding and hammering 

of a partly choked or overheated boiler and pipe 

connections. 

LEN A. HAND. 

Heating Guidance for Residence Work 


In the design shown in Fig. 12, the plates are attached 

to the sleeve. 

When pipes are carried through walls of brick or 

concrete, a sleeve made by cutting a piece of wrought 

iron pipe to a suitable length should be used. If 

the expansion movement is lengthwise of the pipe, the 

sleeve need only be large enough to permit the pipe 

to slide easily through it. If a sidewise movement 

must be provided for, the leeway should, of course, be 

greater. 

(To Be Continued)

AITCUST 27, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 283 

This is the .lace to submit your Perplexing 

problems —the Place to 


SEK 

Connecting Heater with Range Boiler 

in Bathroom 

From F. E. F)., New Hampshire—Replying to inquiry 

of "A. V. B." in is'sue of METAL WORKER, 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER I would suggest the following 

for his information: 

(A) Connect the tank heater directly in circulation 

pipes from heater coil where they emerge from 

heater or as close to that point as a grade back to 

the tank will allow. 

(B) Connect flow pipe from heater coil into top of 

boiler and plug the side outlet of boiler. 

zc±_r F L.O c_ ts. 

F u o o iz 




I_U3KA11S 

preferably so that the discharge from the valve can 

be drained into the laundry trays. 

Can Volume of Air Be Decreased? 

From L. V. 7.., Texas—Answering the inquiry of 

"G. M. G.," St. Johns, N. B., relative to change in 

dust and shaving systems, would suggest the following 

for his information: No definite answer can be 

made as to the size of hopper unless size, speed and 

make of fan are known; also sizes and approximate 

number of openings in suctions duct, as these are the 

determining features controlling the amount of air 

delivered to separating hopper. 

One or two simple changes may eliminate the difficulty, 

and are submitted: (A) The method of connecting 

duct to the fire box is not shown. It may be 

possible that by making an easy turn or increasing 

the grade of the duct at this point a smaller volume 

of air will be needed to move the accumulation. 

(B) Reducing the size of outlet to boiler just above 

connection to hopper will tend to relieve pressure in 

discharge duct. 

(C) Shortening the pipe marked (A) will also increase 

volume of air forced into discharge duct. 

(D) In most cases it has proven better practice 

to discharge waste into a vault and convey from there 

to fire box or boiler bv hand or mechanical stoker. 

Wants Special Boiler Covering 

HJot Afjr 

From A. R., Vermont—Last year I installed a heating 

svstem in a very fine residence and after setting 

the job up and testing it out. covered the boilers and 

Notre;- Kange used for 

heating water in -Summer 

piping and spent considerable time in doing this work. 

I had the men take particular pains in troweling up 

the asbestos on the boiler and fittings and we used 

METHOD OF CONNECTING HEATER WITH RANGE BOILER a flour paste in pasting on the sectional covering. 

IN BATHROOM 

When we had finished it looked very nice. 

I have been called back to this job by the owner 

(C) Continue hot water supply to laundry tubs over 

on account of the outer surface of the asbestos cov 

to and connect with the return circulation pipe of 

ering on boiler and fittings deteriorating. On going 

heater coil. A tee inserted immediately on boiler side 

over this I found that there is more or less dampness 

of tank heater return connections will provide a suit 

in the cellar where the boiler is located and I presume 

able point for this connection. 

that this covering is losing its life through the action 

(D) A light swinging check valve should be in 

of the dampness. Also we found that the mice had 

serted in connection from tubs to heater coil, set so 

that water can pass to heater only. 

been in the cellar and that they had attacked the 

(E) Inasmuch as there is a check valve on cold 

cloth on the sectional pipe covering and were evi 

water supply to range boiler, it is imperative that a 

dently eating through this in order to get to the paste. 

relief valve be installed in connection with this sys 

Would you advise me through your columns as to 

tem. This can be placed at any convenient point, 


284 METAL WORKER, PLUMBERAND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 27. 1920 


Removal Notice 

A F T E R the appearance of this issue, all commu 

nications intended for this journal should be ad 

dressed to it at its new offices, 156 Fifth Avenue, 

New York City. The temporary telephone number 

is Chelsea 9783. Further particulars regarding the 

new location, facilities and the like will be given in the 

issue of Sept. 3. 

Farmers May Not Look It—But— 

T H E Y buy two-fifths of all automobiles sold. They 

have prospered these past months or years and 

will be less affected by business conditions than 

any other class. Those undisputable facts mean 

that in farming districts plumber, heating and sheet 

metal men have a field for their goods and work that 

has been hardly scratched. Less than one-quarter 

of the farm houses are equipped with bathrooms. One- 

third have running water in the house,. In 48 per 

cent water is obtainable, through some arrangement, 

in the kitchen. About one-third have heating equip 

ment otlier than stoves. 

New prospects for plumbing, heating and labor- 

saving appliances are being opened up by the hun 

dreds as the knowledge of these spreads. Local news 

paper advertising will help bring in the business. 

However, the profits which can be realized through a 

personal campaign of soliciting this business are so 

great that they warrant setting up and pushing such 

a venture. 

Pointers For Profit 

BRING to the attention of the man for whom you 

work something that he could use to advantage 

and later you will find an opportunity to make 

the sale. If this idea is kept continually in the 

mind of the tradesman, whatever his line, he will 

soon find business coming his way. In the winter 

season almost everybody could use a thermostatic draft 

regulator or some similar device with advantage. They 

certainly will need humidifiers now that so much at 

tention is being given to the bearing of humidity 

upon the health of the occupants of artificially lieated 

homes. There is just as much opportunity to sell 

some specialty in any other line. Some people think 

the shower-bath season is only the hot weather sea 

son, but this is not so; neither will the gas water 

heater season pass soon because it is needed right 

along, when there is a radiator in the kitchen and 

the cooking is done by gas or electricity. 

There is equal opportunity in the sheet metal trade 

for the sale of various specialties and it is the man 

who does some extra business, in which he sells mer 

chandise and on which there is a good profit, who is 

on the road to a generous prosperity. Just keep in 

mind that the regular business will be helped by sell 

ing some of the special side lines and that the boss 

will make the money if he makes the effort to con 

tinually add some new specialty to those which he 

has heretofore run. Don't let some other fellow in 

your town be the man who is selling this specialty. 

You can use that profit and it is easy to get it if you 

will just hustle a little. 

Freight Rates and Deliveries 

T H E R E is encouragement for the rail companies 

to turn all possible energy to meet the require 

ments of the people in all parts of the coun 

try now that an advance in rates has become available 

that will justify the expenditure of the necessary 

energy. Unfortunately, it is late and while some 

anticipation of the rate granted has been made it 

has not been sufficient to provide the equipment which 

would enable the railroad companies to rush in and 

distribute the products of manufacturers in a way 

that would be satisfactory to the people wherever 

they may be located. The advance in freight rates 

without a question of doubt will be reflected in the 

price of goods this fall and further advances in 

prices may be expected as the result. The important 

thing for the man carrying on a business, however, 

is to see to it that he has orders in for goods that he 

will need and that they get on the way at the earliest 

possible moment. 

There seems to be a certainty, with the low rate 

of production, due to inefficiency and scarcity of labor, 

that there will not be the goods that are required to 

meet the average demand of the rush season. In 

consequence there will be some hardship to the people 

and this will bear severely upon the trade upon which 

the consumer depends. In the distributing centers 

already those who collect goods from various manu 

facturers so as to ship what is required to smaller 

dealers in one shipment are distracted with the diffi 

culty they have in getting in goods so they will have 

a well-assorted stock. In the larger cities such stocks 

are almost unknown and it is necessary continually 

to borrow in order to make a complete shipment. 

When buyers are informed of these facts they are 

qualified to anticipate their wants, get their orders 

in early and give the supply houses some leeway in 

getting the goods they will want to them in time to 

meet their needs.

A: OUST 27, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 285 

The Pro and Con of Cancelling Orders 

M Y observation is that for the last two or tliree 

years there has been a perfect saturnalia of order 

cancellation in all lines of business. During 

the first part of that time the demand for stuff 

greatly exceeded the supply, and the cancellation was 

mostly done by the seller, sometimes because he could 

sell his goods in a better market. For the last several 

months the buyer has been doing most of the cancelling, 

because the bottom has dropped out of the 

markets, and the buyer preferred to unload the burden 

on the seller. 

Undoubtedly, it is convenient and economical for 

the party who benefits by it to cancel an order that 

has gone against him, but it certainly does not make 

for good business. It would, in my judgment, be a 

good thing in the long run for everybody if all order 

blanks bore the words, "Not subject to cancellation." 

I am constantly receiving letters on the law of cancelling 

orders. The following comes from an Ohio 

firm: 

We wired the X Co. to cancel our order for bottles 

and return our trade acceptance, as we had thought 

we would be unable to handle the proposition, and 

wanted to drop it. 

In answer to our wire the conipany wrote us that 

the goods had been shipped and it was too late to 

accept our cancellation. 

The date of this letter was April 16, and with embargoes, 

in effect at almost all points at that time, 

we knew the goods had never been shipped, and even 

at this date we have never received nor heard any 

more about the goods being shipped. 

The company has made several attempts to get the 

money for the trade acceptance, but we did not think 

that we should pay them, especially since we have 

never received the bottles. 

Will you kindly give us the dealers' rights in this 

matter and tell us' whether or not the dealer can be 

forced to pay for the acceptances? 

In most lines of trade this custom of allowing free 

cancellation of orders has grown up, but it seldom goes 

so far as to allow cancellation after the order has been 

paid for by giving a promissory note in payment, for 

that is practically what a trade acceptance is. Still in 

some cases it even goes that far, the only real condition 

being that the goods must not have been shipped. 

If they have been shipped the order cannot be cancelled. 

QUESTION IN THIS CASE 

In the case submitted the question is one of fact: 

were the goods shipped prior to cancellation? If yes, 

the order is not subject to cancellation; if no, it is. 

But a trade acceptance having been given, a new question 

is introduced: has the acceptance been indorsed 

over to somebody else? If it has, that somebody else 

can collect it, and this correspondent might then just 

as well take the goods, for he will have to pay for 

them anyway. But if the acceptance still remains in 

the hands of the seller of the goods, and the goods 

have not been shipped, he can legally cancel and demand 

the return of his acceptance. 

Here is another letter from a New Jersey correspondent, 

also on the subject of cancellation: 

•Copyright, by Elton J. Buckley. 

Bv ELTON J. BUCKLEY 

• Bros., wholesale grocers of Xewark, K. J., 

bought from us a load of merchandise, amounting to 

$600, during the month of June, for which they were 

to call in a few days after the date of sale. Terms, 

ten days net. This sale was made through a broker, 

to whom we wrote that the buyer had not called for 

their merchandise, and time for storage would shortly 

expire. Broker wrote back to me stating they had 

communicated with the buyer, who had asked to have 

the sale cancelled because they were unable to handle 

the goods. Since the date of sale the value of this 

merchandise has declined some. Could the buyer be 

held to the sale under the above conditions? 

This case is typical of most of the cancellations by 

buyers: the market declines before shipment of the 

goods and the buver, of course, cancels. In most cases 

the seller has allowed him to, and so it becomes a 

course of dealing and is binding. 

In the New Jersey case there were a number of 

miestions. such as whether it was a valid sale in the 

first place. As a matter of fact, it was not, because 

it did not comply with the New Jersey law that no 

verbal contract for the sale of personal property 

worth over $500 is valid unless the buyer takes part 

of the goads, or pays for part of them or gives some 

earnest or token to bind the bargain. But I am not 

discussing that phase of the case, I use it merely to 

show what an easy and casual thing it has gotten to 

be to buy goods and then, when things go against you, 

to throw the deal up. 

If this had been a valid sale, and the parties had 

never dealt together before or done a lot of mutual 

cancelling, then this order would not have been subject 

to cancellation, and the seller could recover his 

damages. 

A wholesale cotton dealer told me of a recent case 

wliich shows how completely all rule disappears when 

one iias made a deal which goes wrong. His firm sold 

an order to a Pennsylvania buyer at the then market 

price. While the goods were en route, the market 

dropped and after the buyer had them in his possession 

he wrote, "Unless you reduce the price on these 

goods, we won't keep them.'' In this case there was 

not the slightest moral or legal obligation to reduce 

the price, because the goods had been shipped and 

delivered, but a concession was nevertheless made in 

order to please the buyer. 

Money and Markets 

The gradual improvement of transportation which 

has been effected during the recent weeks has permitted 

a somewhat more rapid movement of grain 

than had been anticipated, according to the National 

Bank of Commerce in New York. Consequently the 

holdover from the preceding year has in good measure 

been cared for and the new crop-moving season has 

begun on schedule and under more favorable conditions 

than seemed possible a month ago. 

It is reported from some sections of the Middle 

West that bank loans to finance the actual harvesting


of the new crops are being reduced at an earlier date 

than is usually the case. While the credit requirements 

of the new movement will not reach maximum 

volume for some time to come, and while easier credit 

cannot be expected until the peak of the movement 

has passed, the situation has improved sufficiently to 

make reasonably clear that the autumn agricultural 

demands for credit will not be in excess of the ability 

of the banks to supply. 

ANTICIPATING CREDIT REQUIREMENTS 

There are indications also that many commercial 

borrowers, in response to expectations of a credit 

stringency during the fall which have prevailed for 

many months, have at least to some extent anticipated 

their autumn requirements for credit. This factor, 

coupled with the continued tendency toward reduced 

volume of business and lower prices for many commodities, 

may be expected to relieve the pressure of commercial 

and industrial credit requirements. It must 

be recognized, however, that some little time will be 

necessary for this relief to make itself manifest, because 

of the interval which must elapse before a new 

policy in business brings results. 

WHOLESALE COMMODITY MARKET 

With few exceptions, the wholesale markets are now 

in a condition of inactivity not paralleled since the 

period of uncertainty which followed the armistice. 

Normally, this is the dullest season of the year and 

the condition of stagnation is partially to be ascribed 

to that fact. 

To a far greater extent, however, it is the result of 

a widespread realization which has at last become 

general throughout the business community, that the 

present downward price movement is not a temporary 

tendency but a decline toward a new level applicable 

to post-war conditions, a level which can be found 

only by cautious experimentation in the market. It is 

possible that in somq commodities this new level has 

already been reached. 

The necessity for an advance in railroad rates had 

long been beyond argument, but even among those 

who regarded this advance as necessary there had 

been a considerable doubt as to the effect upon prices 

of products which move on a tonnage basis. Temporarily' 

the effect of these rate advances will be reflected 

in prices of bulky articles, although there 

should be little or no reflection in prices of articles 

the value of which is relatively high in relation to 

weight. 

RAILROAD RATE ADVANCES 

One Hundred Thousand Dollars 

Being Spent for You 

The research Bureau of the American Society of 

Heating and Ventilating Engineers has outlined a 

program which will benefit everyone connected with 

the industry. The effort on the part of the Research 

Bureau deserves the unstinted and loyal support of 

all. Fitters throughout the country should get in 

touch with the society and arrange to support this 

worthy cause and profit by the results of the research 

work now being done. 

The program outlined includes engineering research 

as follows: Radiant Heat Loss from Steam Radiators; 

Heat Losses from Pipes Buried in the Ground; 

Circulation of Water in Hot Water Systems; Heat 

Losses through Various Building Materials; Electrical 

Method of Testing Radiators; Infiltration through 

Various Forms of Building Construction; Relation between 

Outside Wall Temperatures and Dew-Point; 

Standardization of Dust Measurements; Checking Application 

of Heating Boiler Testing Code. 

The work is being done for the benefit of the entire 

heating and ventilating industry. It will increase the 

prestige of all those connected with the industry. It 

will enable heating and ventilating engineers to serve 

the public with greater intelligence. 

The work involves an expense of $20,000 per year 

over a period of 5 years. Immediate support is needed 

for the expansion of the work now in hand. Everyone 

connected with the industry should put their shoulder 

to the wheel and help put this good work through. 

Data will be furnished as quickly as the deductions 

resulting from the research work are formulated and 

complete information of the work and manner of obtaining 

the data can be had by addressing a post-card 

to the American Society of Heating and Ventilating 

Engineers, 29 West Thirty-ninth Street, New-York 

City. 

Pipeless Has Its Place 

If the friend, from whose letter the following extract 

is taken, carries out his purpose, furnacemen 

generalh' will be pleased: 

I intend to try to take a day off and put on paper some 

of the things that have occurred to me which might be of 

interest to those concerned in the furnace business, especially 

in the pipeless furnace branch. I think one of the 

greatest mistakes being made is that some manufacturers 

are willing to take long chances on pipeless heater installations 

and recommend things whieh their better judgment 

would not altogether approve. 

Having had charge of the engineering in our furnace de 

Certain offsetting circumstances are not to be igpartment 

and passed on several thousand heating plants 

nored, however. As long as the railroads were unable 

each year, I always have been, and expect to be, conscien 

adequately to expand their facilities to handle the 

tious in my recommendations. I am willing other people 

freight offered to them, business in all lines suffered 

should profit from my observations and experience. 

under a most serious handicap because of hampered It is the policy of our company to recommend the pipe 

transportation. In some cases this has been reflected less installation when it is the thing to use, but if, in our 

violently in prices. If the rate advances enable the judgment, a pipe installation should be made we always 

railroads to build up their plant and equipment suf say so, even if we lose the job. 

ficiently to liandle freight, expansion of production in v'.'e do not know that we have lost any sales by being 

all lines will become possible, and the friction involved 

in the present process of distribution will be eliminated. 

It will take a considerable time to reach this result, 

conservative, but believe in the end it will pay. If more 

furnacemen would do the same thing, there would be fewer 

complaints 

THE AMERICAN 

about furnaces. 

SANITARY, WORKS, Washington, N. 

J., manufacturer of plumbers' tanks and kindred prod 

but when it is attained the final effect of increased ucts, has increased its capital from $200,000 to 

rates will be to lower prices. 

$350,000.

AUCUST 27, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 287 

News of the Trade Associations 

Maine Plumbers' Annual Outing 

Large Attendance Enjoy Field Day at Long Island, 

Portland Harbor, on August 16 

The annual summer outing and field day of the 

Maine State Master Plumbers' Association was originally 

scheduled to be held "inland," but unforeseen 

circumstances caused this to be abandoned at a week's 

notice. Therefore, much to the delight of some 150 

members, their families and guests, this was held, as 

for some years past, at Long Island, Portland Harbor, 

on Monday, Aug. 16. 

Long Island is also the summer home of "Pat" Mahaney 

and "Mike" Myers, who do a large and lucrative 

plumbing business in Portland under the firm 

name of Myers & Mahaney Plumbing Co., and are 

also loyal members of the State Association. It might, 

at first thought, be considered these gentlemen had a 

personal interest in having this outing held on "their 

island," so to speak. 

Those who have been fortunate enough, however, to 

attend one of tliese outings and to have observed the 

work accomplished by this pair to keep things moving 

and everyone happy, carried away a lasting impression 

that to hold this summer outing elsewhere would be a 

.rime. 

A group photo of the party was taken soon after 

arrival at the island with everyone looking pleasant. 

The annual ball game between the salesmen and 

plumbers followed. According to the official score this 

was won by the plumbers by the unheard-of score of 

11 to 0. This is opposed to all precedent and belief 

and indicates physical degeneration on the part of the 

salesmen, new blood among the plumbers or a prejudiced 

score. The players were as follows: 

Plumbers Salesmen 

Xugent, 2b, Captain. Sadler, c, captain. 

R. Hotte, c. Heriot, 3b. 

Lyon, r.f. Murphy, l.f. 

Stuart, l.f. Hinnman, e.f. 

McMahon, lb. Rich, lb. 

Knight, s.s. Austin, 2b. 

Tilton, 3b. Gibbs, p. 

Dewyea, p. Smith, s.s. 

Mahaney, cf. Quimby, r.f. 

F. E. Wheeier, Umpire. H.'W. Knight, Scorer. 

While the ball tossers were batting it out on the 

diamond, the future female voters gave a splendid 

exhibition of their athletic prowess. Ball rolling contest, 

prize, copper jardiniere, won by Mrs. C. A. 

Sadler, Brunswick; wheeling wheelbarrow to a mark 

blindfolded, prize, bathroom fittings, won by Mrs. 

Libby, Kittery; doughnut eating contest, first prize, 

slate sink, winner, Mrs. W. F. Mahaney, Biddeford, 

second price, box of candy, winner, Miss Georgia 

Marr. Saco; 100-yard dash, prize, 5 lb. box chocolates, 

winner, Miss Marion Skillings, Auburn. 

The sports for men and boys and winners were as 

follows: Sack race, first, Dupee; second, Sadler; 

boys' race, 100 yards, first, Frank A. Rosebrooke; 

second, Robert Goss. 

The tug-of-war has never yet been won by the salesmen 

as it is a contest between brain and brawn and 

the present was no different in its final results. Two 

"heats" were required in this event, however. On 

the first trial, finding the plumbers losing, the husky 

wives of two weak members grabbed the rope and 

speedily pulled the unfortunate salesmen off their 

feet. The referee ungallantly ordered another trial, 

which resulted in a victory for the plumbers even 

without the "Ladies' Aid." 

TEAM 

Plumbers Salesmen 

Taben Bent 

Dewyea Doten 

Reed Rich 

Knight Davenport 

Donovan Prescott 

F. E. Wheeler Dupee 

Tilton Tarr 

Hotte Quimby 

Mahaney Austin 

Moulton Miles 

The "chow" call was then heard and a good oldfashioned 

Maine shore dinner was served at Cushing 

Pavilion with clams, lobsters and "fixin's" enough to 

satisfy even the tug-of-war teams. 

Following this, State President A. P. Goodhue of 

Belfast called the assembly to order. He and Vice 

President E. A. Wheeler of Portland gave instructing 

reports of their attendance at the National Convention 

in Pittsburgh. Both speakers commended the work 

and efforts of the Trade Extension Bureau very 

strongly. 

Interesting remarks were also made by William 

Thayer, Bostoii manager of the United States Radiator 

Corporation, and Edward S. Bent of F. W. Webb 

Co., Boston. The remaining hours were spent in 

dancing and social intercourse until the last boat for 

Portland. 

Most of the "old guard" were present and many 

newcomers were noticed. "Eddie" Bent was warmly 

greeted by his old friends. Eddie formerly collected 

orders for his firm and "loose change" for himself in 

Maine until the field became too limited for one of 

his ability. Since that time he has represented the 

Webb Co. in South America, New York and other 

"furrin" countries. 

Fred C. Park, of Orono, has the distinction of coming 

the longest distance to attend the outing—1 10 

miles, to be exact. 

Manhattan Plumbers' Outing Sept. 9 

Enjoyable Day Planned for Members Who Attend Picnic at 

Duer's Hotel and Park, Whitestone, L. I. 

The annual outing of the Manhattan branch of the 

Master Plumbers' Association will be held at Duer's 

Hotel and Park, Whitestone Landing, L. I., on Thurs 

day, Sept. 9. 

It is announced in a letter being sent to the members 

that a special train will leave the Pennsylvania 

Station, Thirty-third Street and Seventh Avenue, at 

11 a. m. On "arrival at Whitestone breakfast will be 

served, followed by a baseball game between tbe famous 

teams of the "Ins" and "Outs" and a general set


of athletic games, including championship bowling 

tournament. Prizes will be awarded for each event. 

At 5 o'clock a first-class dinner will be served. 

It is stated that the location and general surroundings 

for the outing cannot be excelled, as there is every 

facility for boating, bathing, fishing and dancing and 

a perfect athletic field. 

New members will find this an excellent opportunity 

to get acquainted and all niembers are expected 

to bring as many friends as they desire. 

The tickets are $7 and checks should be made payable 

to Treasurer M. Jarcho, 155 East Fifty-eighth 

Street. The outing committee is composed of J. H. 

Jasper, chairman; George J. Simon, secretary; M. 

Jarcho, treasurer; Harry Hemlin, James S. Lawlor, 

William Lawrence, A. F. Jackson, Herman Auskulat 

and John L. Knight. 

Rhode Island Plumbers Plan Outing 

Thirty-eighth Annual Picnic to be held on Septemper 4, 

at Oakland Beach Yacht Club, Newport 

The thirty-eighth annual outing of the Rhode Island 

Master Plumbers' Association will be held at the Oakland 

Beach Yacht Club at Newport, R. I., on Saturday, 

Sept. 4. 

There will be a luncheon served at 12:30 o'clock 

followed by a shore dinner at 4:30. In the interim 

therej will be sports and other entertainment. 

The Newport members have been hard at work to 

make the affair a success. Among their number on 

the reception committee are: T. B. Connolly, Lincoln! 

Hammett, P. J. Murphy and Edward R. Openshaw, 

while on the entertainment committee are: Robert 

Haire, M. F. Murphy, Ray B. Wilson and the 

Sullivan brothers. 

Delaware Valley Golfers Meet 

Thirty-Six Members Enjoy Play at White Marsh Country 

Club Despite Unsettled Weather 

The August meeting of the Delaware Valley Trade 

Golf Association was held at the White Marsh Country 

Club, Chestnut Hill, Pa., on Aug. 18, with 36 

members in attendance. 

The weather conditions were not as good as on 

former meetings because of the excessive heat, but regardless 

of this, the association had one of its largest 

turnouts. 

The afternoon play was interrupted by a very severe 

thunder shower and the last three foursomes 

were unable to complete their game. 

The prizes for the day were presented as follows: 

First prize, morning play, won by Frank Newton, and 

second prize by Joseph Dallett. 

Best ball foursome play in the afternoon resulted 

as follows: 

First prize won by Fred Allen and P. J. Faherty; second 

prize by G. B. Strausner and B. H. Deacon, Jr.; third prize 

by A. A. Tomlinson and William E. Tinker. 

James E. McArdle acted as host and received the 

unanimous vote of thanks for the splendid entertainment 

provision made for the guests. 

The September meeting is to be held on Sept. 21, 

at the Baltimore Country Club, Baltimore, Md. 

Milwaukee Sheet Metal Men's Picnic 

Annual Outing of Association Held at Knebel's Grove, 

Mequon, on Aug. 11 

On Wednesday, Aug. 11, 1920, the sheet metal 

contractors of Milwaukee forgot their business and 

motored out to Knebel's Grove, Mequon, Wis., to 

OUTING OF MILWAUKEE SHEET METAL CONTRACTORS 

participate in the annual picnic. All arrived on the 

grounds very earlv for fear of missing something. 

Tiie picnic conimittee, composed of Messrs. Eschenburg, 

Hammann and Jeske, had provided a splendid 

program. An elaborate dinner was served at 1 p. m. 

which was enjoyed by all those present. 

In the afternoon a six-inning game of baseball was 

played. The sheet metal contractors, headed by William 

Hammann, defeated the tinners, headed by A. C. 

Scheder, by a score of 11 to 5. The wonderful pitching 

done by Edwin Wollager, secretary of the John 

Pritzlaff Hardware Co., for the sheet metal contractors 

was the feature of the game. 

Cigars were distributed by the John Pritzlaff Hardware 

Co., H. H. Wherry and A. Madsen. 

The picture plainly indicates that all were in the 

best of spirits and that they were not short of musical 

entertainment. All were having such a good time 

that it was onlv with considerable persuasion that 

some were finally induced, after darkness had overtaken 

them, to leave the scene of their day's enjoyment 

and turn their headlights towards home. 

Those who participated were: O. A. Hoffman, 

Herman Bretzel and son, Frank E. Downey, Alex 

Goethel, D. D. Green, William Hammann, J. M. Hollitz, 

Otto Jeske, A. C. Scheder, Adolph Schumann, 

E. B. Tonnsen, Edwin Wollager, H. Killian, John 

Bogenberger, Paul L. Biersaeh, Louis Eschenburg, 

William Gallun, August Graunke, Edward Hoffmann, 

R. F. Jeske, August Klubertanz, Henry Pluckhan, 

Herman Schaetzke, Charles Mueller. H. H. Wherry 

and G. H. Eggert. 

The Supply and Machinery Dealers' 

Convention of 1921 

For some years the National Supply and Machinery 

Dealers' Association, the Southern Supplv and 

Machinery Dealers' Association and the American 

Supply and Machinery Manufacturers' Association 

have met jointly in what has come to be popularly


called in the trade "the triple convention." This 

gathering of Northern and Soutliern supply and Machinery 

dealers and of the manufacturers from whom 

the dealers very largely buy their goods of trade has 

been a conspicuous example of the tendency toward 

co-operation and intelligent competition, whicli has 

become more and more a factor in recent years in 

American industry and business. There has been a 

suggestion from some members of the Southern association 

that they draw apart and hold a convention of 

their own in 1921, a move which on many accounts 


R. W. MENK, of the Excelsior Steel Furnace Co., 

Chicago, 111., addressed the Keewanis Club at Aurora 

on the subject of furnace heating on Aug. 18. 

R. W. BLANCHARD, Chicago manager for the Hart 

& Cooley Co., well-known makers of registers, left 

Friday for the home office in New Britain, Conn. 

HOMER ADDAMS, director of the Kewanee Boiler 

Co., with headquarters at 17 West Forty-second 

Street, New York City, is entertaining in an automobile 

camping trip through the Adirondacks, Nelson 

P. Thompson, chief engineer of the Supervising Architect's 

office, Treasury Department, Washington, D. 

C, and Frank K. Chew, editor of METAL WORKER, 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER. 

Jeremiah Sheehan 111 

The many friends of Jeremiah Sheehan, one of the 

oldest past-presidents of the National Association of 

Master Plumbers, will regret to learn that he is now 

confined in the Mullanphy Hospital, having undergone 

an operation for appendicitis. Extreme measures 

were followed in connection with this operation. 

Mr. Sheehan, being an active association man and 

taking an interest in all of its affairs, was at the an- 

Jual picnic Saturday, Aug. 14. Sunday morning, Aug. 

15, he was hurried to the hospital and operated on 

that afternoon. 

The reports as to his condition emanating from his 

family are very gratifying, since the operation was 

successful and he has rallied very nicely from the 

shock. 

He carries the good wishes of a multitude of friends 

for a speedy recovery. 


THE THOMASTON METAL WORKS, Thomaston, 

Conn,, has been incorporated, with a capital of $100,- 

000, by A. Z. Boyd, W. T. Coholan and D. C. Coholan, 

39 Harrison Street, New Britain, Conn., to 

manufacture metal goods. 

ALFRED VESTER SONS, INC., Providence, R. I., has 

been incorporated, with a capital of $50,000, by 

Charles R. Haslam, Thomas G. Bradshaw and Wil- 

would be regrettable. The associations have shown 

the great good which has come out of the co-operative 

spirit in business through organization, and it is therefore 

to be hoped that "the triple convention" will continue 

to exemplify the spirit of get-together in the 

machinery and mill supply trades. The mingling of 

manufacturers and dealers from all sections of the 

country has been a good thing for all. Their interests 

are common and not sectional and at all their joint 

conventions there has been the freest expression of 

satisfaction with the results of the tripartite meeting. 

Current Notes of All the Trades 

Ham W. Moss, 27 Angell Street, to manufacture metal 

products. 

THE AMERICA SHEET METAL WORKS, 24 Robinson 

Street, Providence, R. I., has filed notice of organization 

to manufacture sheet metal products. George 

Goodman, 199 Willard Avenue, heads the company. 

ONE OF THE POPULAR MONTHLIES presents the following: 

"The City of Bareira in Portuguese East 

Africa is a City of Zinc." Zinc is used for all the 

buildings and almost anything else from railway cars 

to coffins. 

New Jersey Zinc Chemical Exposition 

The New Jersey Zinc Co., 160 Front Street, New 

York City, will have a display at the Sixth Annual 

Chemical Exposition, to be held during the week of 

Sept. 29 at Grand Central Palace, which will occupy 

booth No. 9 and a portion of booth No. 8, on the main 

floor. One of its features will be an exhibit indicating 

the route of the zinc ore in the manufacture of zinc 

products, as well as illustrating the ultimate uses of 

these products. 

Various zinc products of the "Horse Head" familj' 

will be displayed. These will include Zinc Oxide, 

Lithopone, Albalith, a new light-resisting pigment, 

Ochre, Slab Zinc, Rolled Zinc, Boiler Plates, Spiege- 

leisen, Zinc Dust, Muriatic Acid. Salt Cake, Sulphuric 

Acid and Zinc Chloride. 

W. Homer Hendricks, general sales manager, will 

be in charge. S. T. Ballinger, master painter, will 

assist him. 

Hack Saw Don'ts 

These few don'ts taken from the hack saw chart, 

prepared by the L. S. Starrett Co., Athol, Mass., if 

followed, will materially decrease your cutting costs. 

Don't use a coarse blade on light sheet metal, tubing 

or very hard steel. 

Don't use a coarse blade on brass, copper or gas 

pipe. 

Don't let blade slip or slide without cutting. 

Don't run blade too fast in power machines. When 

compounds are used saws can be run to good advantage 

on soft steel at about 125 strokes per minute, on annealed 

tool steel about 65 to 90 strokes per minute, 

on unannealed tube steel about 63 strokes per minute


When compound is not used run about 65 or 70 strokes 

per minute. 

Don't put too much weight on a new saw. Nothing 

is gained in trying to force the saw. Too much weiglit 

dulls the saw quickly, on the other hand, do not start 

cutting with too light weight. It is possible, especially 

in hand sawing, to dull the blade or completely 

ruin the blade in the first cut by using too little weight. 

As the result of tests of practice when starting a new 

blade on a hack saw machine, it is advisable to use 

the following weight and blades: No. 103, 12 lb.; No. 

112, 18 lb.; No. 115, 24 lb.; No. 114, 24 lb.; No. 

254, 44 lb.; No. 255, 44 lb.; No. 256, 65 lb. To 

maximum efficiency the weight should be gradually 

increased on each saw as it is dulled in cutting. 

Don't condemn a blade because it happens to break. 

Possibly it is the user's fault. 

Tin Plate Exports Widely Distributed 

American tin plate exports go to all quarters of 

the globe. The figures compiled by the Department 

of Commerce show an exportation of 41,674,449 lb. 

of tin plate, terne plate and taggers tin in June, 1920, 

valued at $3,333,597. Canada was the largest purchaser, 

with a total of 15,023,171 lb., valued at $1,- 

104,088. Japan came second with 8,098,031 lb. at 

$622,232; Brazil third, with 2,703,219 lb. at $220,- 

277, and China fourth, with 2,464,401 lb. at $199,052. 

During the same month the tin imports of the United 

States aggregated 11,232,325 lb. of tin bars, blocks 

and pigs, worth $6,913,571, and 2,194 tons of tin ore 

worth $2239,266. 

The Department of Commerce figures also show for 

June, 1920, the importation of 27,951 tons of copper 

ore, 12,151 tons of copper concentrates, 6,741 tons 

mat and regulus; and 16,031 tons of other forms of 

copper at a total valuation of $14,589,851. Copper 

exported for the month amounted to $12,921,000. 

Practically all of this was refined copper or finished 

products. 

Sheet Shortage in Canada 

The famine in black and galvanized sheets which 

has been under way in Canada fori the past three or 

four months continues to hold the market in its grip. 

Some dealers say that new material is being received 

from time to time, but this is by no means sufficient 

to take care of the heavy orders they have on their 

books, and is being doled out in small quantities to 

consumers whose needs appear to be the most urgent, 

and by the time a few of these have been taken care 

of the supply on hand is exhausted and there are still 

a large number of customers who are forced to wait 

until another supply arrives. The shortage has now 

become so acute that manufacturers are unable to get 

anything like enough sheets to keep their plants going 

at full time and some are complaining that they have 

been forced to cease the production of certain articles 

because they are unable to secure enough raw material 

in th line of shets. Local dealers state that they have 

large orders with the mills for both black and galvanized 

sheets, but these are unable to make deliveries. 

The shortage of proper shipping facilities, especially 

as regards ears, is one of the reasons United States 

mills are unable to fill their contracts with Canadian 

dealers. Another reason for the shortage of sheets is 

that Canadian producers have been held up on account 

of the shortage of fuel and raw materials as well as 

labor difficulties and have not been in a position to 

take care of tlieir orders. 


THE SCOTT & HART STOVE & FURNITURE CO., 

Terre Haute, Ind., has been incorporated, with $1,- 

000,000 capital stock, to manufacture stoves and furniture. 

The directors are Durward F. Scott, Oscar 

Hart and Richard M. Robinson. 

Detroit Range Boiler Picnic 

There will be no work done by the employees of the 

Detroit Range Boiler & Steel Barrel Co. on Sept. 

4, when the forces of the Detroit and Toledo plants 

will hold an outing. They will take the boat from the 

two cities and join at Sugar Island, where there will 

be a baseball game, races, swimming, dancing and 

other amusements which the island affords. 

A Selling Point 

The man who talks quality draws business. He is 

a booster and not a knocker. The knocker never gets 

anywhere. Illustrated is a sectional view of a wrought 

steel register face as made by the Hart & Cooley Co., 

WROUGHT STEEL REGISTER FACE 

New Britain, Conn. The furnaceman talking quality 

to his customers cannot but note the rugged construction 

of this face. It is a quality-talking point on 

which he can secure business. These little points, if 

used in connection with your business, will increase 

your sales and eliminate the need of entering competition 

for work. 

Heating System Erected Double-Quick 

at Majestic Conference 

The furnace dealers' conference of the Majestic 

Co., Huntington, Ind., held on Tuesday, Aug. 3, was 

participated in by 60 dealers from the Indiana and 

Ohio territories. The program included the registration 

of guests at the company office at 8 to 9 o'clock 

a. m., followed by reception and inspection of the 

plant. Then an auto trip through the city ended at 

the Country Club, where a banquet was enjoyed. The 

guests were entertained by an address by Mayor 

Charles McGrew, a few musical selections and an 

address by Ira B. Potts, of Allen-Potts Realty Co., 

entitled, "Advantages of Huntington as a Manufacturing 

and Shipping Center." 

One of the interesting features of the day was a 

demonstration of the installation of the Majestic 

Duplex Heating System. A temporary platform was 

erected and two of the company's sheet metal men 

erected the job, which was started at 2 o'clock. At


3:40 the entire job was installed—the pipes properly 

wrapped with asbestos paper and a fire in the furnace 

sufficient to show the smoke coming from the flue. 

The company states that the conference was a great 

success and it .has decided to hold a similar affair 

next year on a larger scale. It was necessary to limit 

the invitations to the nearby dealers this year on account 

of lack of hotel accommodations. 


THE HARRIS PUMP & SUPPLY Co., Pittsburgh, has 

acquired a two-story brick building, on lot 48 x 120 

ft., on Sidney Street, for a new local works. 

THE CAPITAL STOCK of the McNab & Harlin Mfg. 

Co., 55 John Street, New York, has been increased 

from $300,000 to $1,300,000. This company manufactures 

brass goods, valves, iron, steel goods, etc. 

THE ELYRIA ENAMELED PRODUCTS CO., Elyria, 

Ohio, is clearing a site for its proposed two-story addition, 

40 x 60 ft., to cost about $10,000. 

THE RUUD MFG. CO., Twenty-ninth and Smallman 

Streets, Pittsburgh, manufacturer of water heaters, 

etc., is having plans prepared for a brick and concrete 

addition, to be used as an extension to the foundry 

and the machine shop. Edward Ruud is president. 

A SET OF CONVENIENT PIPE DATA CARDS for steam 

fitters and plumbers are ready for those who request 

them from Kroeschell Bros. Co., West Erie Street, 

Chicago, 111., makers of the Ideal chain wrench. One 

card gives standard flange data showing the size of 

pipe, diameter of flanges, number of bolts, diameter 

of bolt, length of bolt, bolt circle, diameter ring 

gasket for pipe from 1 to 12 in. in size. On the other 

side of this card is found similar data where extra 

heavy flanges are used. The standard pipe card gives 

the inside diameter of pipes from % to 12 in. in size, 

weight per foot, internal area, lieating service, working 

and bursting pressures and information on the 

standard threads. The third card gives offset measurements, 

with an example illustrating how these are 

figured. These cards may be had only upon application. 

THE UEHLING INSTRUMENT CO., 71 Broadway, New 

York, manufacturers of fuel economy equipment, announces 

that it is now being represented in the New 

England states by the Smith Engineering & Supply 

Co., 89 State Street, Boston, Mass., manufacturers' 

agents and engineers, specializing in power plant 

equipment. S. W. Smith, president of the latter company, 

was until very recently associated with the 

Uehling Instrument Co. with headquarters in its New 

York office. 

UNDER THE HEADING, "When Will Prices Come 

Down," the August number of Pressure Gauge—the 

monthly house organ of the Burnett-Larsh Mfg. Co., 

Dayton. Ohio, manufacturer of the Duro water systems, 

enumerates five reasons why they will not come 

down soon. Briefly summarized they are: Orders 

totalling 11,000,000 tons of steel now on the books of 

the United States Steel Corporation; price advances 

on steel $5 per ton, on iron $2 per ton, on tin, copper 

and other metals; 30 per cent increase in railroad 

transportation costs; manufacturers required to pay 

higher freight rates, and finally, since pig iron sells 

at $46 per ton, coke in demand at $18 per ton, car 

shortage and wages higher than ever before, it is 

improbable that lower prices will prevail before the 

middle of 1921 and then only through a gradual decline. 

The remaining three pages of the issue are 

devoted to illustrations of branch office displays and 

an amplification of "Duro" service. 

THE GREENFIELD TAP & DIE CORPORATION, Greenfield, 

Mass., has bought three Billings & Spencer 

hammers and several Toledo presses, in addition to 

anvils and miscellaneous forge shop equipment for 

one of its subsidiary companies to materially increase 

production. Tlie General Electric Co., West Lynn, 

Mass., has purchased two additional lathes, thereby 

completing its recent list of 10 such tools, as well as 

a considerable amount of small equipment for its 

meter department. The Turner Centre System, Somerville, 

Mass., dairy products, has bought drills, lathes 

and grinding machines. Other business closed includes 

a 14-in. x 6 ft. Flather lathe, bought by the 

United States Envelope Co., Worcester, Mass.; a 

large backing-off lathe, by the American Tube Works, 

Somerville, Mass.; universal grinder by the Boston 

Woven Hose & Rubber Co., Cambridge, Mass.; No. 5 

Willard press, by a Norfolk Downs, Quincy, Mass., 

machine shop; 16-in. x 8-ft. lathe and a shaper, by the 

Package Confectionery Co., South Boston, and two 

24-in. shapers, by the Chapman Valve Mfg. Co., Indian 

Orchard, Mass. The Thurston Mfg. Co.. Providence, 

gear cutters, has not covered its backing-off 

machine requirements. 

Plumbers' Examination in Wisconsin 

Through the courtesy of Frank F. King of the Wisconsin 

State Board of Health, Madison, Wis., we are 

enabled to present the following: 

Twenty-two who took the Wisconsin state examination 

for journeyman plumber's licenses and 16 who 

were examined for master's licenses on Aug. 5 at 

Janesville, Milwaukee and Superior, passed and were 

granted certificates by the state board of health. Five 

master and 18 journeyman applicants failed to appear. 

The successful masters arc: T. A. Freiberg, Clintonville; 

John Neil, Superior; A. J. Freisleben, L. C. 

Lenz, Janesville; Robert Schmidt, Ed. G. Kramer, 

Walter H. Klotz, Charles Heffling, Erwin Graack, 

Charles H. Blackford, Louis H. Goeltz, Leo. L. Lesinski, 

Albert J. Schafer, Walter O. Gegner, George 

F. Froemming, Milwaukee; Emil H. Doubek, Wauwatosa. 

Journeymen who passed are: W. L. Gingrass, 

Theodore J. Besse, Superior; Ben Wagner, Duluth, 

Minn.; Vivis J. Stadler, Ashland; Augustus Buchan, 

Ross M. Hathorn, Edward Harty, S. R. Luchsinger, 

Ross W. Brown, William Harty, Janesville; Robert 

B. Nelson, William H. Langheim, La Crosse; George 

E. Salladay, Beloit; Norman Frohrib, Oshkosh; 

Franklin J. Caspers, Racine; Walter Van Ryzin, Menasha; 

Albert J. Nelesen, Manitowoc; Lawrence J. 

Speilbauer, Appleton; Harry Osten, Fred Kendall, F. 

A. Brinlinger, Alvin W. Schubert, Mihvaukee.


An Improved Exhaust Lnit 

Illustrated is the Wing Scruplex exhauster made by 

the J. L. Wing Mfg. Co., 352-362 West Thirteenth 

Street, New York City. This unit is designed to be 

used where the air to be handled is extremely hot 

or ladened with grease, smoke, steam or any other 

thing of like nature which would be unwise to have 

come in contact with the working parts of the motor. 

MOTOR. ENTIRELY 

OUTSIDE !__ CURRENT 

OF VAPOR OR. AlR_c 

HANDLFD 

WING SCRUPLEX EXHAUSTER 

BEARING IS FLOODED CONSTANTLY WITH 

FRESH CLEAN AIR.-AIR HANDLED DOES 

NOT COME IN CONTACT WITH BEARING. 

[AIR IN! LE. i f 

It is a very compact and rugged unit and particularly 

well suited for exhausting grease-ladened air 

from over ranges, boilers and steam tables, also for 

vapor-ladened air of laundries. Its structure is such 

as to permit of easy connection to a multiple system 

of openings on the intake side and at the same time 

to afford easy access to all working parts and allows 

of being easily supported or hung at the desired 

position. 

132 Mile Oil Pipe Line for France 

James Stewart & Co., 30 Church Street, New York, 

has been awarded the contract for construction of an 

oil pipe line in France, from Havre to Paris, a distance 

of 132 miles. The pipe line will be built for 

interests connected with the Atlantic, Gulf & West 

Indies Co., in co-operation with French banking interests. 

Du Pont, Furland & Co. are the French banking 

firm most prominently identified with the project. 

The name of the company which will operate the pipe 

line is the Cie. Francaise de Transport des Mazouts 

et Petroles. The right of way for the pipe line is a 

concession from the French Government, which will 

receive a royalty on the oil pumped through the line. 

About 12,000 tons of line pipe will be required and a 

considerable tonnage of plates, which will be used for 

construction of storage tanks. 

New "Eveready Catalog" 

The new "Eveready" catalog, issued by the Oxweld 

Acetylene Co., 3640 Jasper Place, Chicago, 111., 

i, now ready for the public. The catalog is issued 

i'i sections, each devoted to a particular phase of 

•"veready" equipment—welding and cutting blowpipe-;, 

regulators, accessories, etc. 

The "Eveready" line was formerly manufactured 

under the name of "Prest-O-Lite" apparatus by the 

Prest-O-Lite Co. and was extensively used in the 

metal trades. The Oxweld Co. took over the production 

and sales under the present name—Eveready 

—early in 1920, incorporating certain improvements 

in design latelv developed in oxy-acetylene engineering. 

Sanitary Earthenware Value 

From the Press Bulletin of the United States Geological 

Survey a preliminary report of the conditions 

prevailing in the pottery industry in 1919 is given. 

In 1919, the value of the production was $14,480,000, 

rhis was an increase of $3,239,000 in the face of the 

.'act that there was trouble in getting fuel and a shortage 

of labor and materials and embarrassing embargoes 

to slow down the production and delivery. 

Westinghouse Employees Take Voluntary 

Insurance 

Over 90 per cent of the employees of the Westinghouse 

Electric & Mfg. Co., at the East Pittsburgh 

Works, have taken advantage of the additional insurance 

and savings plan recently made effective by 

the organization. 

This, in effect, means that nearly all employees 

have savings accounts, beeause to be eligible for additional 

insurance the company requires each worker 

to deposit a portion of their earnings in the Employes' 

Savings Fund. 

Every employe when completing six months' service 

with the company is given a $500 life insurance 

policy, free of charge and without any restrictions. 

By continuing with the company and depositing at 

least 2 per cent of his earnings in the Employes' 

Savings Fund additional insurance of from $500 to 

$1,500 may be secured, the amount depending upon 

length of service. A policy of from $1,000 to $2,000 

may, therefore, be obtained by everv 7 employee of the 

Westinghouse company depositing in the Fund, which 

pays at the rate of 4^/2 per cent compounded semiannually 

on all deposits. To assist an employe to 

meet an emergency loans will be made from the Employes' 

Savings Fund. 

Every depositor can borrow 90 per cent of the 

money he has in the Fund without in any way affecting 

the value of the insurance. Repayment can be 

made at the rate of 10 per cent monthly. 

In addition to paying interest on the deposits, the 

company guarantees that the Fund is not to be used 

for private enterprise, but is to be held in trust 

solely for the employe, who can withdraw his savings 

account with accumulated interest at any time. 

The percentage of employes who have opened savings 

accounts with the company is very high compared 

with other organizations with insurance plans. 

It is somewhat unique in industrial annals to know 

that 90 per cent of the workers in one of the largest 

organizations in the world have savings accounts and 

through their thrift have made themselves eligible for 

life insurance policies of $1,000 and over.


Adjustable Double Acting Tank Lever 

The No. 777 double acting tank lever, made by the 

Frost Mfg. Co., Kenosha, Wis., gives evidence of being 

made by skilled mechanics from high-grade material. 

In a test the lever arm A withstood bending 45 

deg. in opposite directions twelve times before showing 

any crack. The cam B and bracket C are correspondingly 

heavy. This lever will fit any china, enameled 

iron or wood tank, with no other adjustment 

than the tightening of the nickel-plated hexagon nut 

on the outside of the tank. 

The accompanying illustration shows the adjustable 

feature. The bracket C, which has a male thread 

sufficiently long to extend through any tank, the cam 

B and the lever arm A are assembled as one unit; 

the porcelain handle G, hexagon nut H, handle cap 

F, hollow shaft D and flange E are another unit. To 

HOOKER & LIGHTBODY CO., Charles Carter, man- 

.•iger. is now installing 

Handsome Hill office 

steam fitting also. 

No 777 

Double Acting 

Flushing Lever - Porcelain Ha.ndle 

install in a tank the bracket C is placed in position 

from the inside of the tank and the hollow shaft D 

slipped over the square shaft of cam B, and hexagon 

nut H is tightened, forcing flange E against front of 

the tank, securing the lever permanently in correct 

position. 

Plumbing Trade in Jacksonville, Florida 

MASTER AND JOURNEYMEN PLUMBERS are all busy. 

Demands for residences and stores just cannot be 

met. The landlords have nearly everything for sale. 

In some instances four or five houses are painted up 

and newly painted inside and held for sale. Many 

residences are being remodelled into flats and where 

attics are large, they are being turned into the third 

story and rent quickly. 

THERE IS AN AWAKENING among manufacturing 

interest as to the wonderful progress of the State of 

Florida, as is evidenced by the Crane Co. establishing 

offices in Jacksonville, a forerunner of the large warehouse 

that it will build there for its plumbing and 

other materials, that city being the gateway of the 

state. This is the sixth wholesale house to establish 

there. 

ROBERT ENGSTROM, master plumber of Jacksonville, 

is now just finishing contract for Justin Halsema 

of 26 cottages. Mr. Engstrom, formerly of New 

Vork, has chosen Jacksonville for his permanent 

home. He is also the efficient secretary of the Master 

Plumbers' Employers' Association, with handsome 

offices in the Realty Building. 

the finest if plumbing in the 

Iiuilding. This firm has the 

CHARLES CHAPMAN, master plumber of Jacksonville. 

Fla., is now having a brief vacation in his old 

home in New York. Though fond of Jacksonville. 

he likes New York. 

LATE TRADE NEWS 

THE AMERICAN ENAMEL IRON PRODUCTS Co., 

Chicago, is reported planning to build works for the 

manufacture of bath-tubs, etc., at Birmingham. 

THE FARBER CORNICE WORKS, Pawtucket, R. I., 

have changed their name to the 

Farber Sheet Metal & Roofing 

Co., at the same time increasing 

their capital to $30,000 for extensions. 

ville, has awarded 

Construction Co., 

one-story addition 

manager. 

THE NATIONAL TUBE CO., 

Pittsburgh, has acquired the former 

building of the Pittsburgh 

Brewing Co., on Fourth Street, 

McKeesport, Pa., on lot 60 x 144 

ft., for a consideration of $30,000. 

It will be used in connection with 

its plant. 

THE STANDARD SANITARY MFG. 

Co., 319 West Main Street, Louis- 

a cantract to the National Concrete 

Board of Trade Building, for a 

75 x 150 ft. W. A. Wunderlish is 

THE PRATT & CADY Co., INC., Hartford, Conn., 

manufacturer of valves, steam fittings, etc., is taking 

bids for a brick and concrete addition to its plant on 

Capitol Avenue. 

THE LOGANSPORT RADIATOR EQUIPMENT Co., 

Logansport, Ind., will defer the erection of the addition 

to its plant until early next year. The structure 

is estimated to cost about $30,000. 

THE PENNSYLVANIA RANGE & BOILER CO., 2024 

North Tenth Street, Philadelphia, will commence immediate 

erection of a one-story addition to its boiler 

shop to cost about $15,000. 

THE AMERICAN TAP & DIE CO., Greenfield, Mass., 

successor to Nichols Brothers, is enlarging its facilities 

to increase production. It also manufactures a 

complete line of threading tools as well as butchers' 

cutlery. A. B. Allen is president. 

OSCAR G. THOMAS, representing the Leonard & 

Baker Stove Foundry, Taunton, Mass., and the Barstow 

Stove Co., Providence, R. I., has purchased an 

idle power plant at Rehoboth, which will be remodeled 

to accommodate enameling equipment as soon 

as a company is formed by the new owner. 

THE REX METAL PATTERN & MACHINE Co., New 

York, has been organized by E. G. Granlund and H.

294 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 27, 1920- 

Heller, 444 West Thirteenth Street, to nianufacture 

mechanical metal products. 

THE IRON CITY PIPE & FOUNDRY Co., Birmingham, 

will build an addition to its foundry to double 

its output. With equipment it is estimated to cost 

about .$250,000. 

Copper in Steel Tie Plates Lessens 

Corrosion 

The New York Central lines have conducted a 

series of tests under the direction of J. V. Neubert. 

engineer maintenance of way, Eastern lines, to determine 

the relative loss of metal in tie plates of various 

composition, including tliose containing a small percentage 

of copper. The length of time over which the 

tests were conducted varied from two years to a maximum 

of six years, and some of the tests are still in 

progress. In all cases the maximum corrosion developed 

on the bottom or under side of the plates, 

contrary to the generally accepted theory of most 

engineers and maintenance of way men that the maximum 

corrosion takes place on the top or exposed portion. 

The results, as given below, are detailed by 

the Railway Age. 

The percentage of copper in the plates containing 

that metal ranged between 0.2 per cent as a minimum 

and 0.5 per cent as a maximum, the plates so treated 

being rolled otherwise according to the standards of 

the New York Central. The copper-treated plates so 

obtained were subjected to the same tests as the other 

plates. An exposed test on a number of steel tie 

plates rolled from mild Bessemer steel containing 

0.25 per cent copper and a number rolled according 

to the same specifications without the copper content 

showed an average loss of 8.88 per cent for untreated 

plates and only 1.46 per cent for the treated plates. 

A second exposed test was made which covered a 

larger number of tie plates rolled from metals of 

various compositions. The plates used in this instance 

were cleaned and then exposed on the roof of a 

building at Hoboken, N. J., where the action of the 

salt air of New York bay could be studied. Investigation 

showed that the loss on the copper plates 

varied from 0.46 to 0.72 per cent, with an average 

of 0.56 per cent. 

In comparing the data so obtained the nearest approach 

to the results reported from the copper-treated 

plates was a loss of 0.59 per cent for high carbon 

open-hearth steel, too hard to punch. The pure iron 

plate came next, with 1.17 per cent, and then the 

high-carbon Bessemer plate, with 1.77 per cent, the 

latter also being too hard to punch. The remainder, 

which were standard steel tie plates, varied from 4.70 

per cent to 6.60 per cent, showing in the common or 

regularly accepted tie plates eight to ten times the 

loss for the special copper-treated ones. 

This addition of copper naturally results in a 

slightly higher first cost, but the increase over regular 

prices will be but $2 to $3 a ton, depending upon 

the size of the order and other relative conditions. 

As a result of these experiments the New York Central 

has placed an order for 650,000 tie plates, or 

4.000 tons, to be rolled according to the railroad's 

standard specifications, with the addition of 0.25 per 

cent of copper. 

Death of John D. Green 

The stove trade of the United States has lost one 

of its most active workers for the general good of the 

whole industry in the death of Jolm D. Green suddenly 

in a hospital to which he had been confined in 

Aurora, 111., on Sunday, Aug. 15. He had been ill 

about a week with kidney and gall stones. Mr. Green 

was a large man but very active and he was in his 

early sixties. Mr. Green has been before the stove 

industry in many capacities tor several years. In the 

earlv 80s he, with others, established the Pittston 

Stove Co., Pittston, Pa. Later he was well known 

through the country as the secretary of the Empire 

State Association of Stove Manufacturers. 

While he was connected with the Detroit Stove 

Works, he was elected president of the National Warm 

Air Heating and Ventilating Association, where he 

also left his impress for good upon that field of activity. 

He came East to take the vice-presidency of 

the Rathbone-Sard Co., Albany, N. Y., and later went 

to center of its larger producing activities. 

LATE JOHN D. GREEN 

Mr. Green for years was one of the live spirits at 

the annual meeting of the National Association of 

Stove Manufacturers and at all of the meetings wherever 

stove or furnace manufacturers gathered. He 

had a firm confidence that if things were not rights 

they could be made better and this spirit was widely 

recognized and established for him a high esteem 

throughout the entire industry. He was an active 

supporter of the movement on the part of the furnace 

manufacturers to establish the research work on furnace 

heating being done at the University of Illinois. 

Mr. Green is survived by his widow and two 

daughters. 

George J. Kent Drowned 

George J. Kent, superintendent of the stock and 

shipping departments of the Street & Kent Mfg. Co., 

Chicago, 111., was killed at White Hall, Mich., on Aug. 

4, when a pleasure steamer ran into a row boat in 

which Mr. Kent and three others were riding. Funeral 

services were held at his late residence, 707 Sacramento 

Boulevard, and interment was in Calvarv 

Cemetery.




Black and Oalvanized Sheets—Lighter receipts, falling 

below demand. 

Tin Plate—Little stock available for jobbers. 

Tin—Continued Stagnation. 

Copper—Demand dull, inquiries light, price advance anticipated. 

'Ainr—Demand fair. 

Antimony—Inactive. 

Foundry Coke—Gain in supply. Prices lower and production 

and shipment improved. 

Linseed Oil—Demand light; price fluctuating. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Stocks better, prices down. 

The quotations below are based on the- rate, in effect on 

August 24: 

Wc- quote for early deliverv in the New Vork district as follows: 

East. Pa., No. 1 fdy., sil. 2.75 to 3.25 $53.80 to $54.SU 

East. Pa., No. 2X fdy., sil. 2.25 to 2.75 52.05 to 53."5 

East. Pa., 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 50.80 to 51.80 


No. 2 X'irginia. sil. 1.75 to 2.25 52.40 to 5-1.40 

Chicago.— The market is very quiet. Tliere has been a 

fair movement of cars on consignment on the eve of the 

freight advance, but not a great deal in terms of tonnage. 

Local foundries are still fairly busy, but in other portions 

of the district some melters have curtailed output. The 

diminishing demand has apparently induced some of the 

high price furnaces to trim their prices. 

General Conditions More Promising 


yards except those for Northern foundry, malleable and steelmaking 

irons, including low phosphorus, which are f. o. b. furnace 

and do not include a switching charge averaging 50c per ton, 

4TT Taking everything by and large the general which will be about 70c a ton after Aug. 26. The delivered prices 

quoted below are based on thc new freight rates. 

jj condition of things during the -week seems to 

Northern coke, No. 1, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 last 

have improved. With the faster movement of freight half $48.25 

attributed to increased efficiency and the scarcity of Northern coke. No. 1 spot 48.25 

cars becoming less acute, accumulated stocks have 

been reduced and turned into money, making a some 

Northern coke foundry, No. 2, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 

last half 

Northern coke. No. 2 spot 

46.00 

46.00 

what easier tone in the. money market. A report Southern coke. No. 1 foundry and No. 1 soft, 

from Washington states that the car shortage has 

been reduced by at least 10,000 cars. The automobile 

manufacturers have been holding up in some 

sil. 2.75 to 3.25 $50.92 to 51.87 

Southern coke, No. 2 foundrv, sil. 2.25 to 

2.75 49.92 to 50.37 


cases on both pig iron and sheet shipments much to Philadelphia.— The upward trend of pig iron prices 

the relief of manufacturers in other lines. At least 

has not yet halted. Scarcity of iron for early delivery has 

prompted one Eastern interest to advance its price from 

one of the automobile makers has placed his factory $50 to $51, base, while another Eastern furnace has in 

on a shorter week, and it now looks as if there were creased the differentials for high silicon iron. Although 

some relief in sight from the tendency of the auto $50, base, is still quoted by this furnace, its price for 

Xo. 2X is $52.50, furnace, and for No. 1 foundry, $55, 

mobile industry to dominate the market by its will 

furnace. Although increased freight rates on ore, coke and 

ingness to pay premiums. Of course there are ten limestone, it is stated, will add about $2.50 to $3 a ton to 

dencies to increase prices in some instances, as for the cost of making iron at eastern Pennsylvania merchant 

furnaces, it is the scarcity of iron which is the chief factor 

example with pig iron. In addition there are other 

in the continued rising selling prices. Consumers are wary 

indications that the top has been passed in a good of buying ahead at the present high level, and there is 

many instances. The new schedule of freight rates very little inquiry for first quarter of next year. 

is in effect but just what results it is going to proThe 

following quotations are for iron delivered in consumers' 

yards in Philadelphia or vicinity, except those for low phosphorus 

duce generally remains to be seen. The following 

iron, which are f. o. b. furnace: 

are some of the changes in freight rates of finished East Ta. No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil $51.26 to $52.54 

and semi-finished steel, on the basis of carloads, in East Pa. No. 2X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 53.76 

cents per 100 pounds: 

Pittsburgh to: Old Rate 

Boston 29-5 

New York 27 

Philadelphia 25 

Baltimore 24 

Chicago 27 

St. Louis •• J4 

Cleveland 1? 

Toledo 21.5 

Detroit 23.5 

Cincinnati 23.5 

Louisville 26.5 

Buffalo • 21 


New Rate 

41.5 

38 

35 

33.5 

38 

47.5 

-Al 

30 

33 

ii 

il 

29-5 

Virginia No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil 55.47 

Virginia No. 2X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 56.72 

Cincinnati.— The market is dull and sales are mostly 

for tonnages ranging from a carload to 300 tons. Buying 

for first half, which had been fairly good for the 

past three weeks, has quieted down, and there is no disposition 

on the part of furnaces, with the possible exception 

of two in the South, to solicit business for next year. With 

improving transportation conditions melters in this territory 

who have not covered for last quarter are getting 

better shipments on contracts, and are remaining out of 

the market in the belief that they will have enough iron, 

with that purchased for fill-in purposes, to carry them 

through the year. Prices on all grades cover a wide range. 

New freight rates effective August 26 will add 90c a ton to 

Southern iron delivered in Cincinnati and 72c from the 

Ironton district. 

New York.— Many Eastern consumers of foundry pig Based on freight rates of $3.60 from Birmingham and $1.80 from 

iron have considerable iron due them on contracts, and Ironton, we quote f. o. b. Cincinnati: 

deliveries will not only run through the remainder of the Southern coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (base price).... $46.50 to $47.50 

year, but in a good many cases will carry over into 1921. Southern cnke sil 2.25 to 2.75 (.Nc 2 soft).... 47.75 to 48.75 

Buving for 1921 is relatively unimportant and sellers do 

Southern Ohio coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (No. 2) 48.52 to 49.52 

not look for any large business in the near future. Under 

Cleveland—Some pig iron is still being sold for the 

first half of next vear, but inquiry for that delivery has 

the advanced freights effective on Thursday the rate from 

fallen off One interest whicli has been taking first half 

Eastern Pennsylvania to this market, which has been $1.80, 

contracts for some time reports sales in the week aggre 

becomes $2 .52. The Buffalo rate of $3.90 becomes $5.46. 

gating only 2000 tons, these sales being made at $16 and


$47 for Xo. 2 foundry. There has been some activity recently 

in Southern iron for prompt shipment, whieh can 

now be purchased at about the same delivered prices as 

Northern iron. Southern iron is still quoted at $42 base, 

at furnace, for the remainder of the year and the first 

half. With the advance in freight rates August 26, a 40 

per cent advance will be made on local switching charges, 

making these 42c and 56c. 

We quote delivered from Cleveland as follows, based on the 

new freight rates, these being a 56c switching charge for local 

iron, a $1.96 freight rate from Valley points, a $3.36 rate from 

Tackson and $6.67 from Birmingham. 

Northern No. 2 fdry., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 $50.56 

Southern fdry., sil. 2.25 to 2.75 49.92 

Ohio silvery sil. 8 per cent 63.36 

OLD MATERIALS 

Scrap Iron, New York.—There is a division of opinion 

in the scrap trade as to whether the advance in freight 

rates, effective August 26, will be absorbed by the consumers 

or producers of scrap. Some scrap brokers have 

offered lower prices at point of shipment to producers, but 

in all cases have not been successful in getting shippers to 

accept these prices. Many shippers believe that the freight 

rates will result in higher prices, or at least that they will 

not be obliged to make concessions, and they are holding 

their material accordingly. The present is largely a waiting 

market. 


to local foundries, per gross ton: 



etc.,) cupola size 40.00 to 41.00 


No. 2 cast (radiators, cast boilers, etc) 29.00 to 30.00 


2 ft. long) 20.00 to 20.50 


Scrap Iron, Chicago.— The freight advance has 

aroused considerable speculation a.s to the future relationship 

of the various scrap centers. It is generally believed 

that the increased rates to Cleveland, Pittsburgh and other 

points East of here will result in more scrap gravitating 

to Chicago and a reduction in shipments from this market 

to those centers. This district provides more scrap than 

it consumes and the divergence between output and consumption 

will no doubt be accentuated. The current market 

is fairly strong in some departments and dull in others. 


all freight transfer charges paid, as follows: 

Per Net Ton 

No. 1 cast 36.00 to $36.50 

Boiler punchings • 27.50 to 28.00 









Country mixed -.. 17.00 to 18.00 

Scrap Iron, Pittsburgh.— Heavy melting steel is hardly 

quotable at less than $29, although dealers are having 

some success in covering sales where specifications are not 

too exacting at about $1 per ton below this price. A welldefined 

effort is on foot among dealers to secure a revision 

of prices in old contracts against which they were 

prevented by embargoes and mill congestion from completing 

up to this time. Since the increased freight rates 

become effective this week, dealers stand to lose considerably 

in completing these contracts and since they do not 

feel they were at fault they believe they should be compensated 

to the extent of the increase in freight charges. 

We quote from delivery to consumers' mills in the Pittsburgh 

and other districts that take Pittsburgh freight rates as follows: 











Old Metals, New York.—Consumers seem to be purchasing 

for immediate requirements only and as a result 

business is very dull. Dealers' buying prices are nominally 

as follows; 





Brass light 7.75 



No. 1 red brass or composition turnings.... 11.00 

Lead, Heavy 7.50 to 7.75 

Lead, tea 5.00 to 5.25 

Zinc 5.25 to 5.50 

Old Metals, Chicago.- The market is still quiet. Dealers' 

buying prices follow: 

Red brass $14.75 








Tea lead 5.00 



Zinc 5.00 


Old Metals, Boston.— Activity in copper shows some 

increase but in other respects lifelessness in metals is apparent. 

Zinc continues in fair demand and lead is fairly 

active. Dealers are nominally paying as follows: 




Heavy machine composition, red brass 15.00 to 15.50 

Composition turnings No. 1 11.50 to 12.00 


Light brass ' 7.00 to 7.50 



Zinc 5.50 to 5.75 

Pewter No. 1 34.00 to 36.00 

(lean cast aluminum 22.50 to 23.00 



Old Ruhber.— Buying in the old rubber market is limited 

to immediate needs and prices are easier. 

Boots and shoes 5^4 to 6 

Trimmed arctics 4_ to 4^4 

Auto tires 2J4 

Bicvcle tires 1J4 to \VX 

Solid tires 2 to 2V-, 

No. 1 inner tubes 10>_ to ll-/. 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4^2 

Mixed red scrap 3J_ to 4 

Mixed black scrap 1_ to 2 

Cotton fire hose _i to 1J4 

Garden hose .4 to 1 

Old Rags.— The old rags market is firm although higher 

prices are expected. Demand is fair. 

No. 1 whites $10.50 to $11.00 

No. 2 whites 5.50 to 5.75 





Paper Stock.— A steady demand is reported in the 

paper stock market and the tone is strong. 




New York, August 27, 1920. 

Black and Galvanized Sheets.— Receipts are not as 

satisfactory as they were and are not sufficient to satisfy 

the present demand. However, the present demand is 

largely made up of anticipated wants by users who placed 

orders sometime ago for delivery at this time. Shipments 

are not coming through to meet those wants. Freight 

movements on the whole are better. 

Tin Plate.— Little stock continues to be available for 

the jobber, as the heavy movement is in the direction of 

the canners. The mills are improving in production, as is 

also freight movement. 

Copper.— There has been little doing in copper, with the 

demand very dull. Producers are holding prices firm, and

Gouldn f be Welded ? 

HERE is shown the everyday way in which Prest-O-Lite as 

used in the oxy-acetylene process does the unusual thing— 

These two bridge girders that couldn't be welded still span a 

27 foot weighing pit. 

Standard switch locomotives haul hundreds of heavily laden slag 

cars over these daily. 

And they have stood up under these trying conditions better than 

the best of riveted iron work. 

They are a splendid example of the ever-widening use of the 

oxy-acetylene flame and Prest-O-Lite. 

Prest-O-Lite is the supreme gas for all welding and cutting; 

its service i.s nation-wide from forty plants and warehouses. 

THE PREST-O-LITE COMPANY, INC. 

GENERAL OFFICES, CARBIDE AND CARBON BUILDING 

30 EAST 42ND STREET, NEW YORK 

KOHL BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO 

In Canada 

PREST-O-LITE COMPANY of CANADA, LIMITED, TORONTO


it is anticipated that there will be an advance to cover 

the increased cost of freight as the result of the rise in 

rates granted. 

Lead.—The market has weakened somewhat due to some 

heavy arrivals of the metal both from London and Mexico. 

On the whole, however, this metal occupies a strong position 

in the market. 

sheets on contracts, although better shipments West are 

expected once the Interstate Commerce Comnission order 

allowing the loading of box cars moving to the grain pro 

ducing districts becomes effective. Current sheet mill 

operations taking in both the American Sheet & Tin Plate 

Co. and the independents are about 70 per cent of capacity. 


Zinc.— The market is strong. The spot metal is scarce 

and futures are commanding a premium. The demand is 

only fair and producers are reluctant on committing them Linseed Oil.—There has been a reduction in price 

selves far in advance because of uncertainties in costs. which has brought out a number of small orders but there 

has been no buying of, note. There is little interest being 

Antimony.—There is still inactivity in this metal with 

shown in futures. 

no change in prices. 

Spirits of Turpentine.— A further decline in the 

Tin.— The market has dropped off slightly. The de Southern market has resulted in a weaker feeling in the 

mand is dull, with receipts running fairly large. 

Xew York market. There is little or no demand. 

Tin Plate, Pittsburgh.—Consumers still are short and 

Rosin.— Prices have sagged off on rosin due to the 

there continues to be a keen demand for stock tin plate, 

continued dullness of the market. 

and much anxiety by container manufacturers to enter Foundry Coke.— There is a decidedly better feeling in 

production orders for shipment over the end of the yea. the coke market due to increased production and the freer 

and in the first quarter of next year. More or less buying movement of cars. There has been a slackening in the 

of sheet bars for conversion into tin plate has been noted, demand and although it is hardly possible to do better 

one oil company having taken 3,000 tons and another 500 prices there is a general admission that the market is in 

tons. The American Sheet & Tin Plate Co. has stopped all round better condition. 

taking conversion business in both sheets and tin plate, al Registers.— The discounts on all kinds of registers 

though its receipts of steel from its regular sources of have been revised during the week by Chicago dealers. 

supply still are below normal. Export demand for tin 

plate is described as quiet. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh.— Consumers still are pressing Wants Special Boiler Covering 

makers pretty heavily for shipments arid a comparatively 

large amount of new business is being offered. Some ex 


tremely fancy prices are reported as having been paid impervious to moisture, as it seems that that is the only 

on shipments carrying specified deliveries. It is reported thing which will be possible? 

that as high as 10.50c has been paid independent makers We used a high-grade asbestos covering on this 

for galvanized sheets, but no sizeable tonnages are involved, boiler, therefore it is no fault of the material used, 

the more general maximum being accepted at 8.75c. It is 

but merely the condition under which it has been sub 

said that the latter price is more than $10 a ton above what 

jected. I trust I may have an early reply. 

buyers who have had sheet bars converted have had to 

pay. Only slight improvement is noted in the movement of 

NOTICE SLIDING SLEEVE 

DAMPER (Patented) 

Burt Ventilators are made 

in round, square, rectangular 

and special shapes, a 

full variety of types and to 

meet every requirement of 

buildings of all kinds. They 

are adjustable and stormproof. 

BURTS SELL FAST 

You have only to mention a few of the 

many exclusive features of Burt design and 

construction to win over the most stubborn 

purchaser. 

It will prove a pleasant surprise to you 

to find how easy it is to land big orders 

one after another when you handle the 

Burt line. 

Write for the Burt .Proposition Today 

The Burt Manvifacturino- Co. 


George W. Reed & Co., Montreal, Sole Manufacturer of "Burt" 



Fuel Conservation 

The lieating industry will be helped if such articles 

as the one printed below find their way into the papers 

in every community. The man who is pushing all 

kinds of combustion improving equipment, draft and 

temperature regulators and such profit-bringing articles 

should bring them to the papers' attention and 

recommend their presentation for public good: 

The conservation of fuel of all kinds has proved to be one 

of the most momentous problems of recent years. Of course 

everyone is acquainted with the stress laid upon the saving 

of coal during wartime and the period succeeding, and the 

various special and extraordinary measures to that end put 

into effect by national and municipal authorities. Private 

concerns adopted every practical fuel-saving method and 

even householders employed means of conserving their 

meager stores of fuel that were little short of heroic. 

Since the passing of the pressing emergency of the war 

months, however, not so much is said of the urgency for 

being judicious in the use of fuel, and the fact is that very 

little is known of the far-reaching results of the former 

necessity for getting the utmost energy out of every particle 

of fuel available for use. 

It is a very noteworthy fact that scarcity, and the resulting 

higher cost of fuel, turned loose the trained talent 

of the whole nation on this problem and some of the results 

are astounding in their effectiveness, but in spite of 

this, are but little known, and even when made public have 

excited little comment and are accepted as matter of course. 

When people have read such information they are 

more ready to listen to the explanation of what a 

device will do and when they see the benefit, the sale 

is almost made. This is a service to the people that 

will be appreciated and brings a good return. 

Workers' Committee on Building 

Construction 

An innovation in making provision for the safety 

of workmen engaged in building and construction 

work has been introduced in the erection of extensions 

to the plant of the American Rolling Mill Co. at 

Middletown, Ohio. At 2 p. m. each Tuesday a committee 

of foremen, mechanics and laborers inspect the 

work from sewers to roof to see that proper methods 

are taken to safeguard the employees against accident. 

The committee makes a detailed report of each inspection 

to a representative safety committee, which 

considers and puts into effect the recommendations of 

the inspection committee. 

The plan was introduced and is being carried out 

by Dwight P. Robinson & Co., Inc., an engineering 

and construction organization, which recently absorbed 

the Westinghouse, Church, Kerr Co. 

Soot As a Disinfectant 

It has been found that soot acts as a disinfectant 

and is more active moist than dry. Water seems to 

dissolve the disinfecting agents in the soot, making 

them more active. Carbon floating in the air seldom, 

if ever, carries bacteria unless it has lodged on the 

ground and is again blown into the air. 

Now, soot acts as a very effective blanket, protecting 

the bacteria and giving them a chance to 

o-row. Diseases of the nose and throat are not appreciably 

more prevalent in smoky cities, but they are 

more" severe and harder to cure. This is probably 

t PLUMBING ^ 

FIXTURES . ^ 






plants of all kinds, Factories, Railway Depots, Hospitals, 



The one large central container, easily refilled, is far more 

economical and more convenient in operation than the ordi 

nary wasteful method of an individual container for every bowl. 





valve in the 



non-wasting 

supply of 

soap. A 

plumber's 

services are 

required to 

install the 

System. 

Therefore, 

every sale 

you make 

will carry 

with it a 

installation. 

contract for 

The Watrous 

Gravity Liquid Soap Sys* 

tem is a new addition to the 

line of the celebrated Watrous 

Sanitary Plumbing 

Equipment, 

distinquished 

as representing 

the most 

advanced 

ideas in 

sanitary 

plumbing 

science. The 

Watrous 

Line also includes 

Watrous 


Self-Closing 

Cocks, Uri 

Free Information on Request nals, Drinking Fountains 



1323 AV. Harrison St. 

Chicago, IlL 

due as much to the cracking of the mucous membrane 

by the change from the dry atmosphere in the 

houses to the moist air outside and subsequent irritation 

bv dust and smoke. 

THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION of Commerce and 

Trade, of Berlin, Germany, is to be re-established. 

The Chamber of Commerce of the United States has 

been notified that a New York advisory board has 

been established for the purpose of reorganizing the 

Berlin association. W. R. Steinway, 107 East Fourteenth 

Street, is chairman of this board. The association 

will be reorganized to limit voting power to 

Americans, assuring American control. 

THE PENNSYLVANIA PUMP & COMPRESSOR CO., Easton, 

Pa., announces the opening of additional sales offices 

in the following cities: Buffalo, 788 Potomac 

Avenue, J. B. Laird, manager; Cleveland, 232 St. 

Clair Avenue N. E., L. J. Wakefield; St. Louis, 1956 

North Broadway, Corby Supply Co.; Minneapolis, 

423 Fifth Street South, L. E. Pollard Co.; Omaha, 

801 First National Bank Building, L. E. Pollard Co. 

THE NATIONAL MACHINE TOOL BUILDERS' ASSOCIAtion 

will hold its nineteenth annual fall convention 

at the Hotel Astor, New York, on Thursday and Friday 

Dec. 2 and 3. Reference to this postponement of 

the regular date of the meeting until the outcome of 

the national elections was noted in a previous issue.



-liould be baaed only on quotations 

guaranteed for a specilied 




liiice continue. 


The quotations given below are for small lots, as sold from stores in Nev. 

York City by merchants carrying stocks. «•«•_». 

As there are many consumers wbose requirements are not sufficiently neavy 



On a number of articles the base price only is given, it being impracticaDi. 


ALUMINUM- 

5 in. 

4.25 4.05 3.00 ROSIN— 


NO. 1 aluminum guaranteed over 5 J. i 

4.90 4.50 3.50 Common to good strained (whole private brands very according to 

99% pure, in ingots for remelt 6 in. 

5.05 4.75 4.00 sale), 280 lbs., per bbl $14.75 composition. 

ing, 100-lb. lots—37 to 39c. 

6.50 7.50 SHEETS— 



ANTIMONY— 






Plain Round and Corrugated- 

9c to 10c 

No. 10, per lb 6.50-8.00 5-lb. cans, each $3.00 




Square— 

Base BISMUTH- price Nominal 

No. 14, per lb 6.60-8.10 Gallon $1-25 

Per lb. ... 

.$4-00 to $4.50 

Square 40% No. 16, per lb 6.70-8.20 12-gal. Carboy 90c per gallon 

Copper— 

Black— One Pass. C. R. (Jug and carboy extra) 

CONDUCTORS— 



Corrugated— 

Furnace Pipe and Fittings— No. 18 to 20, per lb 7.80- 9.80 gal $1-75 


Standard list..Prices on application No. 22 to 24, per lb 785- 9.85 SOLDERING COPPERS— 



Toncan or ingot 15% American Pig, per lb. ..lie to 11J.C No. 27, per lb 7.95- 9.95 In 100 to 300-lb. lots advance 2c 

Copper 10% Bar, per lie 12c to 13c No. 28, per lb 8.00-10.00 per lb. 

Spiral Lock Seam Pipe- METAL LATH— 


Galvanized 20% Under 100 sq. yd. per sq. yd. 40c No. 30, per lb 8.25-10.25 vance 4c per lb. 



No. 28 and lighter, 36 wide, STRAINERS, CONDUCTOR— 


10c higher 

2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 

(See also elbows and shoes; Lead, American White, in Oil, Wellsville Polished— 

Copper $2.80 $3.75 $5.75 $9.00 dz. 

Eaves Trough Mitres; Strainers, kegs less than 500 lbs., 15J.C 20 gauge H-lOc Galv 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 dz. 

Conductor.) 

Lead, White, in Oil, 25-lb. tin 22 and 24 gauge 11.20c TIN PIGS AND BARS— 


,21-21J4c pails; add to keg price 54 c 26 gauge 1130c Straits, pigs per lb 52c 


Lead, Red, in Oil, less than 500 28 gauge 11.50c Straits, in bars, per lb—57c to 62c 

COPPER— 

Casting 

lbs., 15c 

Galvanized— 


COPPER 

Lake ingot 

SHEETS 

Dry Colors- 


Hot 

Electrolytic 

Rolled, 24-oz. base price, 

20-21c 

per Red Venetian, American, 


lb., 29}_c mill. 

19}4-20c 

Per 100 lbs., 2J_ to 5c No. 16 9.25-11.25 "AAA" Charcoal Melyn Grade: 

From stock 31c to 33c in 100 lb. lots Metallic Paints- 

Nos. 18 and 20 9.40-11.40 IC, 14 x 20 $16.50 

and over. 


For less than 100-lb. lots, 2c per lb. Red, per ton 35.0. 40.00 No. 26 9.70-11.70 IXX, 14 x 20 20.5Q 

advance. 

Oils- 

No. 27 9.85-11.85 IXXX, 14 x 20 22.25 

Colled Rolled, 2c 14 and heavier Linseed City Raw ....$1.46 to $1.51 No 28 10.00-12.00 IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 

per lb. advance over hot rolled. Linseed, Boiled, advance, per No. 30 10.50-13.00 "A" Charcoal Allaways Grade: 


gal 2c No. 28 and lighter, 36 in. wide, IC, 14 x 20 $14.25 

long 48 in. Out of Town American Seed 

20c higher IX, 14 x 20 16.25 

and to at $1.46 to $1.51 Corrugated Roofing—Galvanized— IXX, 14 x 20 18.00 

less 96.in. Spirits Turpentine- 

2J_ in. corrugations, 30 per 100 lbs. IXXX, 14 x 20 19.75 

sq. ft. sq. ft. In Machine Bbl $1.61 over flat sheets. 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 21.50 

10 in. wide and under 6c 7c PUTTY— 


10 in. to 36 in. wide... 5c 6c Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c Prices quoted on application. Prime, 14 x 20 in.: 

Over 36 in. wide 8c 9c In 1-lb to 5-lb. tins, 6.00 to 7.35c 2J_-in. Corrugation 

80-lb $11.80 

Planished, lj_c per sq. ft. more REGISTERS— 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

90-lb 1L90 


Cast Iron 10% No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

100-lb 12.00 

Bottom, Pitts and Flats, 24 oz. Semi-Steel or Steel, in Black for No. 26, per 100 sq. ft. 

IC 12.25 

base and heavier, per lb 38c White Japan or Electro plate and No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

IX 13.25 


Small Faces and Borders 20% SLATE ROOFING— 

IXX 14.25 

long 

Wall Frames 20% F. O. B. cars, Quarry Station. IXXX 15.25 

and Over Large Faced, 14 x 14 in. and 


less 96.in. larger 40% 

According Terne Platesq. 

ft. sq. ft. Base Board Registers 20% Pennsylvania— to size Small lots, 8-lb. Coating: 

20 in. wide and under 5c 6c Base Board Intakes 20% Best Bangor $8.00 to $11.00 100-lb., 14 x 20 $9.35 

Over 20 in. to 48 in. wide 6c 7c White Enameled Goods 5% No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 IC. 14 x 20 9.50 

Over 48 in. wide 7c 8c Solid Brass or Bronze Goods, ex Pen Argyl 7 75 to 8.25 IX, 14 x 20 10.50 


cept Grilles Net Peach Bottom 10.50 to 12.50 IC, !4 x 20 Stamped and Re 

Galvanized—Toncan or ingot, 25% Grilles in Black and White Japan No. 1 Chapman 7.75 to 8.75 squared: 

Galvanized steel 40% or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain Vermont— 


Copper 10% Lattice, Design. Smaller than No. 1 Sea Green $5.00 to $8.50 15-lb. Coating 11.75 


14 x 14 in., 



Prices on application Red 22.00 30-lb. Coating 13.50 

CHARCOAL STOVE PIPE ROOFING MATERIAL 

Maine— 



ELBOWS- 


M. F. Grade 13.50 

Walter's and Cooper's $102.00 No. 1 Metal Shingles $14.00 40-lb Coating 15.00 

NO. 1 No. 2 No. 3 

per roll, 108 sq. ft. Slaters felt, 30-lb roll 2.00 WASTE COTTON— 

4 in $4.00 $3 90$ 2.75 2-Ply Tarred Paper $1.60 


45. in 4.10 3.95 2.85 3-Ply Tarred Paper 2.00 SOLDER— 

ZINC SHEETS— The 


'.'• to 5_ guaranteed 38c Western Slabs 10-llc 

Prices on application No. 1 .35c Sheets Shingles 

No. 9 base casks . ...14..C 

Roofing Pitch, per ton $30.00 Refined 30c 


That Last 

The 

Shingles 

That Last 

The Mo.st Complete Line of Designs The Best Material, Workmanship and Finish 

Made in Painted Tin or Genuine Re-dipped



The Magazine foT 


.LORAL PARK, N. Y., SEPTEMBER 3, 19^0. 



VOLUME 94, Xo. 10 


TO MONEY IN THE BANK 

N E W service to the industries served by METAL WORKER, PLUMBER 

AXD STEAM FITTER begins in telling tliose engaged in them the facts 

about getting people to buy what they need so that whether there is 

building activity or not there will be prosperity in the lines in which 

readers are engaged. This service has been announced so that all read 

ers could be prepared to profit thereform. It will be presented weekly for some 

time. 

This service may be readily utilized by all those connected with the industries 

in any capacity and will qualify men to so present a proposition a.s to insure its ac 

ceptance or prove the foundation for future business. 

As strong a.s i.s the Yankee trait to barter, the exactions of modern business 

have dulled its edge and there i.s a general feeling of the need to encourage the de 

velopment of a true salesmanship among the tradesmen who come in direct con 

tact with the final buyer, man or woman. 

The matter is so simple that the outcome i.s certain, but it has been deemed 

advisable to adopt the "continued dropping which wears away the stone' plan so 

that the final impression will be deep enough to be effective wherever it reaches. 

The first of these articles is presented on the next page and the reader is urged 

to devote attention to them so that he may participate in the benefit that will 

come to all industries served by METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

when concerted action gets under way.

302 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTE It SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 

In Your Home Town 

Most Trade Is Done by the Go-getter 

Prosperity Is Enjoyed by the Man Who Industriously Tells 

Folks Their Needs and How Easy It Is to Satisfy Them 

This is the first article of the series 

whose purpose it is to help the tradesman 

over the ruts on the road to success. He 

should make it a point to keep reading up 

on selling, merchandising, display, cost 

keeping, estimating, overhead, as our serial 

on these vital matters appears and be 

a winner. Trade leaders know tliat such 

information is indispensable to success 

and want more of it printed. They say, 

"Do not stop; keep telling about it." 

Have You Made People Feel" That 

You Are Necessary Or — Negligible ? 

IN SEVERAL, PARTS—PART I 

G O into some nearby town and ask who is the 

leading man in any line and what particular 

method he follows to attain success. You cannot 

spend a day or two to better advantage than in 

hunting up these fellows whom the banks favor and 

the people give their orders to. Do not try to get this 

information at home; you will not learn as much and 

you will not have that respect for what you learn 

which will compel you to adopt a method and carry it 

out all the way to the end. 

You will be better qualified to make the trip and to 

do the investigating if a few hints are given for consideration. 

If you know the successful men in your 

own line, so much the better. Have a talk with them; 

they will be glad to tell you some things they carry 

out, no matter how much energy is required. 

The individual effort and alertness to find out what 

people need and will buy or the untiring energy to 

provide these things require a man to get among those 

who live around him to learn and know. 

USE ENERGY WHERE IT PAYS 

Personal acquaintance is an asset. He who knows 

everybody and speaks well of them is a reputation that 

means money to a business man. You can have it by 

continually keeping the desirability in mind and striving 

for such a reputation. Let nothing bother you to 

show your temper, but meet the most exasperating 

experience with a smile and show people you have a 

resourcefulness to make everything that starts wrong 

come out right. 

Now about that visit. Its whole purpose is to make 

you realize the necessity of salesmanship, of merchandising, 

of getting in the business. See if there is a 

method about the shops where you call. Learn if the 

owner has a system about the management of himself, 

of his men and of his stock. Inquire if he does every 

thing himself or has trusted help who relieve 

him of minor details so that lie can 

give his time to hunting for business. 

Seeing people, giving information to 

tliose who will soon need service for good, 

ind telling a buyer what is required, the 

best materials and methods of using them, 

and then closing the deal, is work for the 

head of the enterprise. He cannot hire 

other people to do this kind of work. 

See if this man advertises in the local 

papers in addition to such personal work as 

outlined, which is good advertising and must be done. 

Does he use circulars in addition to the newspapers? 

Does he have a list of architects, of builders, of property 

owners and of people who live in houses? Does 

he send to each periodically a calendar, a post-card, 

a letter or news item about some fine work he has 

done ? Does he make it a point to give one evening a 

week to his books to correctly know his overhead expense 

and the cost of doing business, how much stock 

he has; what it is worth; how much he used last year 

and what it cost; how much he will need for contracts 

and regular trade and the price he is likely to have to 

pay; how prices are changing in order to judge the 

trend of the market? 

See how he keeps his office. Is it neat and attractive 

or dingy and dusty and repulsive? Does he keep 

his catalogs clean and convenient for reference when 

making an estimate and showing a customer what he 

proposes to use on a job? Does he display any goods? 

Does he keep the display clean? Does he change it 

frequently or with the season? Is he a former workman 

or a business man who has informed himself 

thoroughly on the line of trade he is doing so he can 

make a customer see the necessity of paying the right 

price and using the right goods to avoid cheating 

himself. 

KNOWLEDGE GIVES CONFIDENCE AND POWER 

These are a few things, and if a man keeps them in 

mind, diligently hunts and finds the correct answers to 

them, he will soon be able, no matter who the buyer is 

or how shrewd the Customer may be to give in a dignified 

way that information which will inspire the respect 

of the customer and go a long way toward securing 

the order. It is just such preparation as this that the 

business man must have in addition to his skill as a 

mechanic if he is to get a lion's share of the trade 

that is going.

SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND Si'EAM FITTER 303 

Now that 3 T ou have read this far, are there any 

questions you want to ask? Send them in and answers 

to them will be found from men who have 

tried various experiments and know the answers to 

almost anything that may be asked. 

Do not be discouraged if you have conducted business 

along different lines from those suggested by the 

questions and ideas presented here. But rather devote 

yourself to acquiring the art of meeting the best 

people in town with a smile and with dignity so that 

vou can impress them with the idea that you know 

more about your line of business than anybody else 

or as much as the majority and are prepared to give 

that information in such a way as to inspire their confidence 

and secure their orders. This is as much preparation 

for attaining success as learning a trade is to 

the apprentice who wants to have a means of making 

a living. What you will learn now that you are a successful 

practical tradesman and engaged in a business 

for success as a business man is of imperative importance. 

It should be the occasion for a diligent application 

to master the methods of successful men. 

Any man who determines on acquiring such qualifications 

can do it, although he may not do it in the 

first year. But if he is determined, lays his plans and 

adheres to them, it will not be many years before there 

is an evidence of his success in the amount of business 

coming his way. Until this matter has been thoroughly 

thought over, reflected upon, considered pro 

and con, a man is not qualified to be the go-getter of 

his town and walk off with the best contracts and the 

best trade. 

GETTING ORDERS THE ONE THING INDISPENSABLE 

A man may have a shop and materials but if he has 

no orders he has no business. So the most important 

thing is neither the materials, the shop nor the workmen, 

but the orders to do something. Many men 

have started business only with a kit of tools and their 

capital a shoe string. Their success can be in every 

instance traced to their ability to impress customers, 

to secure orders and then execute the work, but always 

at a profit. 

If you are naturally diffident, make a change. Cultivate 

the art of meeting people by going to gatherings 

where people congregate, whether it be a church meeting, 

a fair, a lodge meeting or any other gathering of 

people. Make it a point to participate in the work. 

Get on a committee to do something. Aid the man 

who is on the committee if you are not. You will 

soon be looked upon as "one of the gang" and they 

will remember you when there are favors to be bestowed. 

It will give you an opportunity to tell the 

fellow you meet at church when he goes home to go 

around the other way and look at what you are doing 

for Mr. Jones. 

A perfect knowledge of your business and of the 

nice work you are doing for someone will enable you 

to bring it to the attention of some person who is a 

stranger to your customer. ' And you will be in position 

to invite him to come and look at the work after 

consent has been secured from your customer. You 

may be the means of establishing a friendship between 

two people when making a striking contrast between 

the fine equipment you are installing for the one customer 

with the equipment from which the other cus 

tomer suffers, and which you have recommended be 

abandoned. 

Keep busy meeting people and telling them about 

things you know they would enjoy if they possessed. 

Go get the reputation of being the livest tradesman 

in the town. 

Oxweld Opens San Francisco Branch 

The Oxweld Acetylene Co., the world's largest manufacturers 

of oxy-acetylene welding and cutting apparatus, 

has established Pacific Coast sales and distributing 

headquarters at San Francisco, with offices 

at 1077 Mission Street. Additional sales representatives' 

offices are maintained at the following points: 

Los Angeles, 646 Maple Avenue; Salt Lake City, 908 

Hearns Building; Portland, 90 First Street; Seattle, 

433 Pioneer Building. Leo Romney, with headquarters 

at San Francisco, is Pacific sales manager. 

The territory embraces the states of Washington, 

Oregon, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, California, Nevada and 

the counties of Lincoln, Sweetwater and Uintah, in 

Wyoming. This territory was formerly served from 

Chicago and Los Angeles. Removal of headquarters 

to San Francisco was made necessary to secure a more 

central location for supplying the company's rapidly 

growing business in the Pacific states where Oxweld 

apparatus is extensively used in the metal industries 

and shipyards. 

The export department of the company, which was 

formerly located at its factory in Newark, N. J., has 

been removed to the Carbide and Carbon Building, 30 

East Forty-second Street, New York City. The department 

has been reorganized and is now under the 

direction of R. G. Noble, who will co-operate with the 

general sales department of the company. 

Recipe from an Old Scrap Book

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3 

New Ownership and New Plans 

for This Journal 

Another marker has been reached by this journal. Another stake has been 

rounded. Full sail is now being set for the final goal—Success. A few days 

ago the ownership of this journal passed to Edwin A. Scott, formerlv its managing 

editor, but for the past four years publisher of SHEET METAL, a specialized 

monthly trade journal for the sheet metal and warm-air furnace industries. 

He has organized the Edwin A. Scott Publishing Co., Inc., to carry on the 

work of these two journals under a plan which promises to accomplish much for 

the industries which these two journals serve. 

The New Organization 

The nev/ company has been organized with 

the modern idea of co-operation as its founda 

tion. Mr. Scott is at the head of the new enter 

prise for the simple reason that his experience 

of several years as editor and publisher quali 

fies him to be the one fitted for the position. He 

will, however, have associated with him the 

former editors and editorial staff of this jour 

nal and the majority of the former business and 

office staffs of both journals which are now 

owned by the Edwin A. Scott Publishing Co., 

Inc., and in addition thereto, other talent which 

will add to the service of the new organization. 

Details of all plans of operation have thus far 

not been completely worked out but it can be 

announced at this time that every employee will 

share financially in the earnings of the new 

conipany. 

Two Specialized Journals 

The plan is to consolidate and amalgamate 

the sheet metal and furnace departments of this 

journal with SHEET METAL, the monthly trade 

journal heretofore published by Mr. Scott, as a 

specialized journal for the warm-air furnace 

heating and sheet metal industries, and issue a 

new journal to be known as SHEET METAL 

WORKER, which, it will be noted, is a happy 

combination of part of the names of the two 

journals. The plumbing, ventilating, steam 

and hot-water heating sections of this journal 

are to be published as a separate and specialized 

journal for these industries. This paper will be 

known as PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER, which 

will also be noted, is part of the present name 

of this magazine. These journals will be pub 

lished on alternate weeks. The first issue of 

SHEET METAL WORKER is to be dated October 

1; with the first number of PLUMBER AND 

STEAM FITTER appearing on October 8, and all 

issues thereafter ever other week. This, it is 

deemed, will be welcomed by many subscribers. 

for it means specisticity. The man who is inter 

ested at present only in plumbing, steam and 

hot water heating will get his reading in a 

specialized bi-weekly trade paper edited espe 

cially for such men as himself. Instead of get 

ting say 15 pages of articles of interest served 

to him every week mixed in with other reading 

matter of interest only to men engaged in other 

lines of work he will now get 30 pages of read 

ing matter of direct interest every other week. 

Similarly the man engaged in the sheet metal 

field will receive twice as much reading matter 

in a specialized paper every other week in place 

of getting a paper devoted to half plumbing and 

steam fitting and half sheet metal and furnace 

every week. Likewise the man interested in both 

branches of the building trades will fare equally 

as well as at present for in the course of a year 

he will receive just as many pages of reading 

matter pertaining to both trades as at present, 

and in fact, the indications are that he will 

profit to a greater extent as the result of being 

served by two specialized journals. In short, 

the new combination gives assurance that no 

subscriber to this journal will lose in the least

SEPTEMBER 3, 19.1) METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 305 

but on the contrary is to profit materially by 

the amalgamation. The head of the new com 

pany has demonstrated by the conduct of his 

journal during the past four years that there 

are great opportunities for rendering real help 

ful service to the trade through the conduct of a 

specialized journal. 

Plans and Policies 

might be stated that just as this announcement 

The new company is founded on the idea that 

is being written there has been placed on the 

the path to real success in trade paper publish 

editor's desk what appears to be a most compreing 

is founded on service to the reader above all 

hensive and promising treatise on estimating 

else. The directing heads of the new organiza 

both plumbing and sheet metal work. If this 

tion are imbued with this idea and it is the 

proves as good as it seems on a hurried examina 

keystone in all their plans and hopes of the 

tion it will in itself be a service not to be 

future. It will be the aim not only of the 

ashamed of. Naturally then the new publishing 

editorial but of every department of the new 

company has great hopes and aspirations for the 

organization to search out and give publicity to 

future. The issues right from the start will 

every factor which makes for trade extension 

embody some of the new features; others may 

and greater success to the individuals in the in 

have to wait, as certain obligations contracted 

dustries served. The combination of these two 

under the former management must be naturally 

journals makes commercially possible the main fulfilled before the new owner may go ahead 

tenance of a larger organization than with the 

with a fresh hand. Criticism, both adverse, 

two papers published by individual owners, and when there is occasion for such, and favorable, 

the increased power of the new and larger will be welcomed at all times, as will also 

organization will be reflected in an increased suggestions for improvement in the service 

service to readers. Some of the plans have rendered bv the journals. Readers are invited 

already been matured, with others being worked to look upon them as a central bureau of infor 

out. As an example of the former, it may be mation—a source of free information to which 

announced that it is planned in the new journals they may apply for help on any problem they 

to publish market reports from Chicago. Pitts may encounter, be it one of knowing where to 

burgh, Boston, Philadelphia and New York, thus procure some articles, or of solving some shop, 

giving the readers a comprehensive survey of office or job problem. If the information is not 

market conditions with each issue. An additional readily available, this organization will under 

service planned is in an industrial sheet metal take to procure it for the one who inquiries. 

department which is to be conducted in the sheet This is right along the idea of its policy of 

metal journal, through which readers will be service to its readers, and the more frequently 

brought in touch with the production methods 

devised by the efficiency engineer of the large 

factory and the industrial sheet metal field given 

a regular service which it has heretofore not 

enjoyed. In this way the architectural sheet 

metal man may study the scientific methods 

which the large producer has worked oul for 

economical production of his work and the in 

dustrial sheet metal worker keep more closely 

in touch with progress in his fields. A third 

feature of both of the new papers is an industrial 

educational department, the object of which will 

be lo foster and promote teaching of the trade 

to mechanics. If space permitted, several other 

plans might be outlined, but let it suffice at this 

future. The issues right from the start will 

and helpful features are being prepared, and 

it may safely be predicted that other features 

will be coming up for consideration continu 

ously. In substantiation of this statement, it 

it gets the opportunity to serve its readers 

through its free information bureau the more 

heartily it will be pleased. It may not too 

strongly be emphasized that the new organiza 

tion is founded on the highest of ideals in the 

trade paper publishing field and it aims to make 

the inception of these ideals mark a new era 

in the fields served by the two journals which 

it is to publish. It hopes to succeed as it deserves 

in proportion to its ability to live up to those 

ideals in its every day work.

30G 

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTESI: 

Responsibility and Opportunity 

of Heads of Industrial Enterprises 

Because Something Has Never Been Done Is Often the 

Best Reason for Studying It and Then Doing It to 

Make Success More Widely Attainable — Because 

It Will Draw Upon Energy Is No Reason for 

Shirking the Work If It Is Really Worth Doing 

BY FRANK K. CHEW 

T H E opinion is becoming more confirmed in my 

mind that the leaders of all enterprises have a 

responsibility to the field in which they work that 

has never been discharged, and some ideas in reference 

to it are presented hereafter. The men who sit 

in the private office and only come in contact with 

those who direct the superintendents and men in 

charge of different departments are like lookers-on 

who see most of the game. This is the reason they 

should give from tlieir observations the same stimulus 

that the coaches give from their experience and observation 

in the development of a winning team in 

athletic sports. 

As more responsibilities are thrust upon the "old 

man," as he is affectionately called behind his back, 

he is necessarily withdrawn from contact with his 

working corps and with his customers. In his position, 

however, information of all sorts is brought to 

him. When he meets men in similar positions in his 

own or other lines, he discusses with them matters 

that, if generally known, would eventually have an 

influence upon tlie trade in the field. Often they discuss 

bad practices that should be eliminated; they discuss 

plans which should be carried out. But from the 

very fact that they only discuss them among themselves, 

those who are absolutely essential to their realization 

never hear of these ideals, aims and purposes, 

and the industry with which they are identified fails 

to receive the benefit of their wisdom. 

THE MESSAGE DOES NOT REACH GARCIA 

Sometimes these leaders are invited to speak at dinners 

attended by men in the field, but under the constraint 

they fail to impart that information which 

they might well give without any disadvantage to 

any one, and which they privately discuss. And still 

the message does not reach Garcia. 

In the homely phrase this is "too bad." It is possibly 

due to the fact that the wliole idea is a little 

different in its viewpoint from that generally accepted. 

But from what has already been read and 

said, can it not be seen that if the best whicli each 

one could give were given, the influence would be 

powerful for good in its effect? Then why does not 

some expression of these weightier thoughts and important 

matters find its way where it would be productive 

of good? 

This is the responsibility of the heads ot enter 

prises—to get before all who are essential to accomplishing 

any important and desirable purpose the 

whole matter so a united movement for wholly commendable 

things may be carried to a successful result. 

HOW SHALL THIS BE DONE? 

This may well be done; the opportunity is not wanting. 

In fact, it has been at the elbow of men who 

had the information, but in later years in some industries 

has not been recognized or utilized. 

In the privacy of his office, undisturbed by outside 

influences, a leader might well formulate his ideas and 

preserve them in typewritten form. He could send 

them to any one of the trade papers in the various 

fields for presentation. Such is the opportunity which 

has been too much neglected. If the ideas are of such 

a nature that the leader would desire the use of his 

name in connection with them, in many instances it 

would give them force. There are other times when" 

he would prefer to do as a leader occasionally is found 

doing, though an exception to the general rule, and 

that is to use a nom de plume. And soon that nom 

de plume would have weight in the field where the 

ideas presented were found to be practicable or to 

require too great an innovation to secure general adop 

tion when first presented. The nom de plume would 

prevent the antagonism that might naturally result 

from recommendations for which the field was not 

ready and which might entail more expense in the 

preparation than the industry would feel justified in 

bearing. 

Then again, there must be times when there would 

be no desire for a signature or a nom de plume, but 

the information might be presented as if prepared by 

the staff of the journal in which it appears. Nevertheless, 

it is the journal with its wide circulation in the 

industry that affords the opportunity for the leaders 

of enterprises to discharge their responsibility to it. 

NINE HUNDRED MEN FELT RESPONSIBLE 

In some measure it was the recognition of this responsibility 

that took 900 men from east of the Mississippi 

River to California recently to attend the 

National Foreign Trade Council. The purposes they 

had in mind could not be accomplished individually 

and it was necessary for some united action. The 

pursuance of a similar course in allied or separate in- 


SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 307 

Typical English Bathroom Equipment 

Modern Conveniences Coming More Widely into Use 

Method of Installation Designed for Service 

BY JOHN Y. DUNLOP 

T H E bathroom is now recognized as an indispensable 

supplementary in every house above a certain 

standard of moderate importance and in larger 

houses several are required throughout England. Even 

in small suites of residential rooms, such as are called 

flats, and in ordinary bedroom suites of family residences, 

a separate bathroom is now provided. 

The bathroom in England is generally a small compartment 

containing a reclining bath and a washstand 

with a water-closet accessible. In the case of the 

small villa and cottage houses the bath, washstand and 

water-closet are all in the one apartment. Both of 

those arrangements are shown in the illustration together 

with the different methods of dealing with the 

sanitary apparatus. 

The English water-closet with its sanitarv apparatus 

is an institute of world-wide repute and the reason 

for it is that English architects are verv careful 

to see that closet apartments and bathroom apartments 

are sufficiently lighted and certainly adequately 

ventilated. They are not placed anywhere that may 

happen to offer itself, but invariably against an outside 

wall and especially is the risk of flooding some 

important ceiling avoided. 

In small houses there is not much chance of a choice 

of floors but where it is possible all the water-closets, 

bathrooms, housemaid sinks and wash and water place 

of every kind are set one above the other so that in 

case of accident they shall not damage any otlier part 

of the liouse. This arrangement enables "the plumber 

to install a sanitary outfit without disturbing the house 

at large. 

Regarding the position of these apartments the 

English feeling of delicacy dictates privacy throughout. 

Therefore the principal passages of the house 

are avoided as much as possible and in every case 

there is a window on an outside wall. Skylights are 

considered objectionable and borrowed lights are not 

to be thought of. 

One of the principal fittings of the bathroom or an 

accessory to it is the water-closet and the principal 

type in this country i.s the wash-down with a flushing 

cistern immediately above. In these water-closets the 

flushing rim to the bowl, the flushing cistern and the 

flushing pipe play a most important part and the 

method of fixing is a matter for careful consideration. 

The plumber too often has taken it for granted 

that certain makes of closet bowls are perfect in every 

riTTinqs. Dsqusn bATMRpon ••*-"CAJ_LOF. UEAO 

LIMED COLD WATTA CisTERTf 

OF IJATHROOr. 

w. c PLANS AND ELEVATIONS SHOWING TYPICAL FITTINGS IN AN ENGLISH BATHROOM

308 METAL WORKER, PLUMB BER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 

particular and all that is necessary is to connect basin the when the branch connection is over 3 ft. long. 

supply pipe to the cistern, fix the flushing pipe and Baths are made of porcelain flreclav and enamelled 

connect the fixture to the soil pipe. That, of course, iron. The type of bath most commonly used is made 

is not exactly so in countries where the flushing cis of iron with the interior coated with vitreous enamel 

tern i.s above the closet as the height of the flushing and is generally known as Roman pattern. These two 

cistern can only be determined by due consideration baths shown in the illustration have the waste of a 

to the mechanism of the cistern, the shape of the bowl standard pattern which also acts as an overflow. A 

and the diameter of the flushing pipe. If the cistern trap is fixed immediately behind and the bath plug is 

is too low the bowl and trap will not be sufficiently raised by a lever or knob which can readily be re 

scoured and flushed. If it is too high, the water will moved for cleaning. The bath is also provided with 

splash on the floor, wetting the seat and making the a shower which is of a skeleton form, the supply to the 

apparatus uncomfortable for those who are to use it. shower ring being led up the wall to the required 

As a general rule it may be said that no 2-gal. cis height. 

tern is too strong to clean out a wash-down closet The waste connection in most of the baths is made 

bowl. But as the bowls of this class of closets vary sufficiently large to discharge from 30 to .0 gal. in 

considerably in shape and size as well as in the quan about 1% min. For this purpose a 2-in. pipe is 

tity of water allowed to stand in the bowl, some judg generally used which must give a free and unobment 

is required on the part of the plumber in structed water way. 

fitting up. 

The question of waste discharge from a bath leads 

BRASS AND IRON FLUSH PIPES 

naturally to the question of utilization of bath wastes 

for the flushing of drains. While the discharge of 

Some manufacturers in England at the present from 30 to 40 gal. of water is undoubtedly of much 

time are supplying their water-closet bowls and cis value in scouring out the drains, its value will necesterns 

with flushing pipes of brass and iron made of the sarily be increased or diminished as the size and ar 

exact diameter and length to give the best flush. That, rangement of the pipes are carefully or carelessly 

of course, has certain advantages over the old system considered. For this reason the question of free 

of lead flushing pipes which were so common in Eng water way in outlet gratings and waste pipes of sufland 

at one time when every plumber tried his own ficient and regular size are well worth careful con 

hand at designing those important connections of the sideration. 

water-closet bowls. 

In the waste pipe a different arrangement is shown 

The diameter and construction of the flush pipe according to the position of the fitting. Both, how 

is a verv important bit of work for the plumber beever, have their vent pipe. 

cause some siphon cisterns will not work satisfac In the bathroom which has the separate watertorily 

with a 1%-in. pipe while others work better closet the waste from the bath is taken straight to 

with a iy2-in. than a l^-in. pipe. 

the waste pipe on the outside of the wall, while the 

As a general rule the English plumber arranges waste from the basin is taken into the side of the bath 

his work so that the size of pipe which he uses will waste. The water pipe to the basin is carried across 

be fully charged with water when the cistern is in into the corner of the bathroom and from there rises 

action. When the water supplying the cistern will upward through the roof. 

only rise a short distance in the bowl, the diameter In the combined apartment a sketch of the waste 

of the flush pipe must be enlarged accordingly. In pipe on the outside of the wall is shown with the con 

such cases 2 and 3 in. in diameter may be necessary, nection for the bath and the continuation of the waste 

but in every case as much water as possible should be to the basin trap where it rises to the ceiling and is 

obtained as it is the momentum of the falling water taken across and connected to the waste again 

which is required to clean the bowl and the trap 

rather than the actual volume of water poured into 

higlier up. 

them. 

At one time in England pipes % and 1 in. in 

diameter were generally used, but the most common 

size of flushing pipe to-day is IV2 in. 

The height of the cistern above the bowl will greatly 

modify the size of the flush pipe. When the height 

is under 5 ft. the pipe cannot be less than ll/2 in. in 

diameter; from 5 to 8 ft., l^-in. pipe may be used and 

above 8 ft. 1-in. pipe will give good results. 

The flushing pipes should be made with easy bends 

and should never dip below the flushing arm of the 

closet so as to hold water or form a trap. 

The connection from the closet bowl is taken directly 

into the soil stack, which receives no other 

kind of waste and is linked up to the drain untrapped. 

In this way all soil pipes in this country are drain 

ventilators. Where the closet is set against the external 

wall, as shown in both plans, there is no antisiphon 

pipe required, as most the sanitary by-laws in 

England demand that only a ventilation pipe shall 

be taken off a water-closet or a bath or a wash hand- 

HOT AND COLD WATER SUPPLY 

These baths are each fitted with cold and hot-water 

supply. Usually the hot and cold and the return pipe. 

for the hot water system are taken up the same pipe 

way. This recess is shown in the wall and the arrangement 

is given of how the hot supply is continued 

forward to supply the towel rail and the return 

pipe to the flow returning to the boiler. 

The hot water for the bathroom and other fittings 

in the English home is usually supplied through the 

kitchen coal fired heater and from this copper boiler 

which is shown in the illustration the hot water is 

stored in a 60-gal. cylinder which is usually set about 

the ceiling level of the floor which contains the water 

heating apparatus. 

A small automatic cistern in the roof supplies the 

cold water for the system, so that as soon as the hot 

water is being drawn off the cold water is finding 

its way in at the bottom of the cylinder. Of course 



Where Boilers Can Best Be Used 

and Should 

Because of Positive Circulation They Are Particularly 

Adapted For Buildings of the Rambling Type— 

They May Be Adapted to Low Cost Structures 

RE you aware that many houses 

are so planned that for heating 

them the cast iron sectional type 

of house-heating boiler should be 

used and the well-informed men 

throughout the country who, 

tlirougli necessity, install all 

kinds of lieating outfits, not only 

know it but recommend the steam 

boiler or the hot water lieater 

where it is best adapted for the 

service required ? 

Most buildings may well be 

lieated with any of the popular 

methods that have demonstrated their efficiency so 

that comparison is a waste of time. It is simply a 

matter of cost or preference which system is used, 

but tliere are other buildings in which the circulation 

of steam or hot water has positive advantages. There 

are some characteristics peculiar to heating with boilers 

that have given them a well-merited prestige. 

DEFIES OLD BOREAS 

The location of the house, the direction of the wind 

and all the vagaries of the weather are set at naught 

by the fact that steam or hot water circulate through 

the radiator wherever it is located. If the calculations 

of the requirements have been made correctly and 

with judgment, the radiator will be large enough to 

make the room warm whether it is near the boiler or 

as far away as it may be necessan' to place it. The 

customer may well be -assured of this as a fact on 

which he can rely. 

Here is where the personality of the lieating contractor 

and his conversancy with the methods recommended 

will go a long way in inducing his customer 

to select what is recommended and place the order. 

There are several factors that have a controlling influence 

on the service which a heating plant renders. 

These largely depend on the contractor, his ability, 

his experience and the care which he gives to both 

the design and installation of each plant he erects. 

He must know how to judge the character of the liouse 

to be heated. If it is an old house, he must visit it 

so as to be able to consider the material, frame, brick, 

cement block, etc., and the looseness of the doors and 

windows, the general construction. 

POSSESSION OF THE KNOW-HOW 

Observation and experience will enable him to tell 

whether 10, 15 or 20 per cent more boiler capacity 

and radiator surface will be needed in one house than 

what would serve in another. If he is estimating from 

a set of plans, he must have some idea of the character 

of the building, whether it will be good and tight, 

or so loose in construction that for diversion the owner 

could well fly a kite in his parlor or any other principal 

room. 

When the heating contractor knows these things, 

he can correctly compute the amount of radiation 

required and the tax it will put on the boiler, whether 

it is for steam or hot water lieating. A loosely constructed 

building will allow sufficient air to leak in 

and out to make a radiator of a given amount of surface 

condense twice as much steam or cool twice as 

much water a.s the same size radiator would require 

in a tightly constructed house of good construction. 

Therefore the vital question of the wliole matter is 

in sizing up the house construction correctly and getting 

the radiators of the right size for the work to be 

done. This is not a matter of guess nor is it a matter 

entirely of computation. The elements of personal 

skill, judgment and experience are invaluable and the 

heating contractor who possesses these should recognize 

his duty to the people in his community to make 

them aware that he is thoroughly competent to accomplish 

the result his customer desires. 

PIPE SIZES AND RADIATOR EXPOSURE 

There is a great deal of importance in the way the 

piping is run and the size used for given work. If 

the radiator is placed in a bay window where it will 

condense rapidly, it must have a large supply pipe 

and provision must be made to return a larger amount 

of condensation or cool water than if the radiator is 

set under different conditions, where it would be in an 

inner room on an inner wall and the condensation or 

cooling effect would be very much reduced. So again, 

the radiation enters into the determination of the size 

of the piping and the manner in which it is run. 

Tliere are at the disposal of the heating contractor 

various methods of installing hot water heating systems 

as is indicated in the serial article that has been 

running in METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FIT 

TER for some time back. Tliere is an equal variety 

of methods of installing a steam lieating plant and the 

vapor and vacuum plants also have characteristics 

which adapt them for special service with which the 

heating contractor must be familiar if he is to recommend 

the system best adapted to the needs of his 

customer. 

Many of the troubles experienced with heating: 

plants,"whether steam or hot water, have been due to 

air pockets because there was an insufficient rise^ for 

the piping and on account of the slight pitch. Without 

the aid of a spirit level and care to support the 

pipes properly, there is likely to be a dip here and 

there which will cause an air pocket and a water 

pocket. 

In steam jobs, the condensation of the steam in the

310 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 

radiators will create a vacuum which will draw the 

water from a water pocket with a hammering, noisy 

effect that is objectionable. In a hot water job the 

air will collect in the pockets and so reduce the amount 

of space through whicli water can circulate as to make 

it impossible for the radiator to heat properly. 

Air is one of the enemies of the heating contractor 

and his piping must be so run as to be free from air 

and permit it to escape cither through the air valves 

of the strain radiator or the piping system of a hot 

water plant. Air plays such an important part in the 

heating that unless it is thoroughly eliminated from 

the radiators, the lieating effect may be reduced to 

the extent that it occupies space in the pipes and in the 

radiators. Too little attention has been paid to this 

fact by many in the heating business and this is an 

explanation of the trouble whicli the experts are called 

upon to locate and remove. 

Air valves are something that should be selected 

with the idea of the value of their service rather than 

their price. The heating contractor with a reputation 

and an ability is not the man who buys the cheapest 

air valves on the market but the cheap buyer is very 

apt to be the man about whose heating systems there 

is a complaint. 

It is very clear that when the radiators are of a 

sufficient size and the piping between them and the 

boiler is correctly lined and of j-roper proportion that 

the service rendered by the boiler will be economical 

and satisfactory if the right size is selected. 

NO TROUBLE TO SELECT THE RIGHT BOILER 

There is little difficulty among the competent men 

in the selection of the right size boiler for the work 

in these days, regardless of the manner in which 

boilers are rated. The competent man ean unerringly 

select a boiler which is amply qualified for the service 

WHERE HEATING BOILERS MAY BE PURCHASED 

he expects of it. When the right boiler is selected, it 

is essential that some member of the household shall 

be thoroughly informed as to the method of operation 

and see to it that the boiler is so operated. This is 

for the double purpose of saving fuel in these days 

when the price of fuel is high and the effect on the 

poeketbook is so severe that there is likelihood of careful 

attention being given to instructions on the methods 

of firing and operating the boiler. No better advertisement 

can be had than to circulate at the beginning 

of the fall season cards giving directions for the general 

management of the fires in house heating plants. 

With the radiators of the right size, the piping of 

the right size and properly run, the service of a boiler 

is sure to be satisfactory because the steam generated 

in it must go to the point where condensation draws 

more steam to fill the space which the former steam 

occupied. In consequence, where the radiator is in the 

north end of the building at the end of a long, rambling 

construction plan, the radiator will be heated and the 

room will be lieated accordingly. 

This leaves the owner or the contractor to select 

from many different types of boilers now on the market 

the one that is peculiarly adapted to the requirements 

of the customer and the building. Some boilers 

are better adapted for one fuel than another, some 

will fire for a longer period and there are other factors 

which the competent heating contractor is thoroughly 

informed of. This enables him to make a recommendation 

to the customer with unerring correctness. 

Responsibility and Opportunity of 

Heads of Industrial Enterprises 


dustries that they recognize as too important to leave 

neglected is equally important but without a convention 

it can be accomplished through the trade press. 

The type of the men who attended the Foreign 

Trade Council in San Francisco marked them as leaders 

in their particular field. That they were willing 

to discuss matters of world interest and of interest to 

the United States as a country, separated from their 

individual commercial interests, is evidence that they 

recognized that they had a responsibility to industry. 

They utilized the opportunity of meeting together to 

thresh out the views, plans, recommendations and purposes 

so that they could move in the same direction, 

even if a well-defined line of action was not so clearly 

marked out that all might follow it. Their responsibility 

was recognized even though a great deal of liberty 

of action to reach the desired end must be taken. 

THEY RECOGNIZED THE OPPORTUNITY AFFORDED BY 

THE PRESS 

The most cordial welcome was extended to the representatives 

of the various technical and other journals 

in order that the widest publicity should be given to 

the commendable purpose which brought the men together. 

In all of the fields to which METAL WORKER, 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER is devoted there are leaders 

who might well give careful consideration to the 

preparation of a contribution of some nature at least 

once a month that could be presented in one journal 

or another in accordance with its fitness to the field 

and greatly facilitate the achievements of the purposes 

which the industry agrees would be most valuable. It 

is to encourage just such use of the opportunities 

which the trade papers afford that this article has 

been prepared. 

The utmost confidence may be reposed by the leader 

who desires to keep under cover when it is most 

practical, that his identity shall not be made public. 

Every consideration will be given to those who may be 

desirous of utilizing the opportunity to discharge their 

responsibility in some measure in their charge.

SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTEK 311 

The Story of The Rolling of Zinc Sheets 

An Industry That Few Years Ago Amounted to Little in 

United States Is Fast Assuming Great Importance—An 

Interesting Account of the Process of Zinc Production 

F O R more than a 

century the use of 

zinc sheets in Europe 

has been general. 

Besides the use of the 

metal for lining refrigerators 

and the making 

of containers for vegetable 

products, zinc 

sheets have been in 

general use for roofing 

and roofing accessories. 

Abby Dony, of Liege, 

Belgium, seems to have 

been the pioneer in installing 

zinc sheets for 

roofing, he having 

placed such a roof on his own rolling mill in that 

city some time in the year 1813, and also installed 

a similar roof on a part of the cathedral at Ste. Barthelome. 

These roofs are reported as being serviceable 

to this day. 

Following this initial venture in the use of zinc 

sheets for roofing, the move to roof with zinc became 

general throughout western Europe. The comparative 

low cost made it available for public buildings, 

BY GEORGE S. HARVEY 

cathedrals, churches, theatres, depots, warehouses, factories, 

hotels, etc., in fact, for all buildings of a permanent 

character which are now either roofed with 

zinc or have gutters, conductor pipe, flashings, valleys 

or eave troughs of this metal. The cathedral of Ste. 

Clotilda of Paris, Canterbury cathedral, the Haymarket 

theatre, the government docks of England, the 

German imperial palace and the University of Bonn 

are some of the larger and finer buildings of Europe 

that are roofed with zinc 

Prior to the war, nearly one half of the slab zinc 

(the phrase "slab zinc" is now substituted for the 

word "spelter" heretofore used by the trade) was 

used in zinc coating of "galvanizing" steel sheets and 

wire. Most of the remainder of the metal produced 

was used in compounding brass, while a little over 10 

per cent was rolled into zinc sheets by American mills. 

ROLLING OF SHEET ZINC 

Prior of 1917 there were but two mills in America 

rolling wide zinc sheets. At this writing there are 

three mills in the United States engaged in rolling 

wide sheets and several factories roll ribbon or strip 

zinc. But it was the great war that seemingly awakened 

America to the uses of zinc sheets. Not alone 

did our soldiers abroad get practical lessons in the 

use of zinc for roofing, but they, as well as the patriots 

at home, learned that all the precious explosives 

sent to the firing line were first placed in zinc con- 

Zinc sheets are only just coming into their own in 

American fields of usefulness. While they have 

been used for roofing purposes in Europe for more 

than a century, similar usefulness in America has 

only recently begun. While the field promises to 

absorb large quantities of sheets, they are at present 

very largely employed in various kinds of con 

tainers from tea boxes to dry batteries and in pipes 

and metal linings. How these sheets are rolled 

from slabs and finished for the market is told in 

an entertaining manner in this story. 

tainers in order to resist 

atmospheric influences 

in their journey overseas 

and to the front. 

These two things, i. e., 

that zinc is one of the 

best weather resisters 

known, and that it will 

protect i t s contents 

against atmospheric influences, 

really tell the 

story of zinc's usefulness. 

It so happened 

that both facts were 

brought out very forci- 

' ' bly in this important 

and exciting period of 

our nation's history. It is the general feeling among 

the producers of zinc that the world will profit by 

the lessons taught during the war and that zinc, 

especially zinc sheets, will have a more general and 

diversified use. 

The zinc used for rolling sheets must be nearly pure 

and of virgin metal. The first and second drafts 

that come from the smelteries are best for this pur 

pose. The presence of iron and cadmium in the metal 

is detrimental to securing a good production of sheets. 

The pig metal, or zinc slab, is first thrown into a 

refining furnace where the mass is subjected to a definite 

heat above the melting point that will assure an 

even, constant temperature. From this furnace the 

molten metal is dipped into molds of the size and 

thickness desired. These molds are fixed on a turntable 

that revolves slowly, so that, when the revolution 

is completed, the slab or ingot is ready to be handled 

with tongs. The slabs are then placed in an annealing 

furnace where the length of time they remain depends 

on the ductility wanted in the sheets to be 

fabricated. The heat at which the metal is worked is 

also a factor in obtaining the correct ductility in the 

product. 

The slab of zinc, now heated to about 400 deg. Fahr., 

and in form 12 x 24 in., varying in thickness from 1 to 

2 in., according to the size of the sheet to be rolled, 

is ready for the roughing mill. Here by successive 

passes the slab is reduced to a long sheet that must 

be reduced to a specific length for re-rolling in the 

finishing mill. This long sheet is sheared into suitable 

lengths, which length, paradoxically speaking, is 

the width of the future sheet, for be it remembered 

that in the process of roughing, the metal is pulled as 

the warp would be in the cloth, while in the finishing 

process the pull is with the web of the cloth, and the 

finished sheet is toughened thereby and the filaments 

of the metal are cross-woven in the final product.

31. METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 

Before going to the finishing mill it will be necessary 

to know something of the gages of the sheets to be 

produced. 

The gage of a metal is an arbitrary standard of 

thickness. Zinc differs from steel in that the thin 

sheets have the lowest or smallest numbers. A sheet 

of steel 0.006 in. thick is called 30 gage; in zinc it 

is known as a 3 gage; steel 0.028 in thickness is 23 

gage; zinc is 12 gage. In the American zinc gages 

0.002 in the thickness of one gage up to No. 10, thereafter 

the standard is arbitrary; 1-10 in. being 23 gage, 

1/4 in. being 25 gage. The European zinc gages are 

similar to the American in that they use small numbers 

for the thin gages, but they differ in the exact thickness 

for each gage. Reference to Table 1 will make 

these gages clear. 

The thickness of the original slab indicates the dimensions 

of the sheet to be made. Therefore the 

rough mill strip will make a certain number of sheets 

suitable for finishing. These sheets are made into a 

pack and given to the finishing mill operators, who 

heat them to a certain degree. A "pack" is the number 

of sheets rolled at one time. If the product is to 

be thin sheets, there will be many in the pack; if of 

thick sheets, there will be few. The pack is first sent 

through the finishing mills in single sheets and then 

the pack is assembled and sent through the mill in as 

many passes as will reduce it to the required gage. 

The pack is then sent to the shears and cut to the 

dimensions intended. 

SHIPPED IN DRUMS OR CASKS 

The thinner sheets of zinc are shipped in drums or 

casks that weigh around 600 lb. The heavier gages 

are packed flat in boxes. Lithograph and etching 

sheets are rolled hard and the surface is carefully inspected 

for defects before they are cut and packed. 

Battery sheets, washboard blanks, weather strips are 

often cut to dimensions in the factory and packed flat 

for the consumer. 

The element of waste is almost nil in a zinc sheet 

mill. Except for some undesirable dross that is 

skimmed off at the refining furnace, the output of a 

mill should be the same as the incoming tons of metal. 

Zinc sheets have many and varied uses. The thin 

sheets are used to line tea boxes and other containers 

of vegetable product. Lithographers also use many 

tons of these sheets in the transposition of printing 

from stone. Thicker sheets are required by the refrigerator 

makers, roofers and makers of weather strips, 

while the sheets for etching must be fully 1-25 in. thick 

for the practice of that art. 

Sheet zinc is also used in making containers for 

cosmetics, tobacco or any substance that deteriorates 

under contact with atmosphere. The wearing surface 

of the washboard is zinc. Because zinc is one of the 

best-known heat resistants it is used extensively for 

stove boards and back boards around furnace and stove 

pipe. 

The shell that contains a dry battery is a zinc sheet. 

The negative pole of every galvanic battery in the 

world is zinc. The pulsing wires of commerce, cable, 

telegraph and telephone throb with the world's importance 

because of the zinc at the end of the circuit. 

Zinc stabilizes brass and gives sharpness and shape 

to the bronze that contains it. Its thin film preserves 

steel and iron sheets and wire, which alone makes them 

serviceable for weather wear. Zinc is used to preserve 

wood, either as a paint or as a solution into wliich the 

piece is dipped. Zinc may be spun, stamped and drawn 

and because it is indestructible, it may be recovered 

again and again for refabrication into new shapes. 

Besides zinc sheets, zinc mills also roll zinc plates, 

the thickest material turned out from the mill. Plates 

vary in thickness from Vi to 1 in. in thickness and are 

used principally to purify the water in steam boilers. 

In this practice zinc again demonstrates its utility. 

As a sheathing on the outside of the vessel, it repels 

the action of the water and preserves the metal or 

wood of which the vessel is constructed. But within 

the boilers and when the temperature is raised beyond 

the boiling point, the zinc plate seeks out the impurities, 

forms gases that are auxiliary to the steam and 

precipitates the impurities in a new form. The steel 

of the boiler is thereby saved from corrosion. 

COMPARISON OF ZINC GAGES 

Lbs. per Thickness 

Th ickness 

No s quare foot in inches No. in inches 

3 

.225 .006 1 

.004 

2 

.006 

3 

.007 

.300 .008 4 

'. 

.008 

5 

.375 .010-1-100 5 

.010 

6 

.450 .012 6 

.011 

7 

.525 .014 7 

.013 

8 

.600 .016 8 

.015 

9 

.675 .018 9 

.018 

10 

.750 .020-1-50 10 

.020 

11 

.900 .024 11 

.023 

12 

1.050 .028 12 

.026 

13 

1.200 .032 13 

.029 

14 

1.350 .036 14 

.032 

15 

1.500 .040-1-25 15 

.038 

16 

1.678 .045 16 

.043 

17 

1.875 .050 17 

.048 

IS 

2.062 .055 18 

.053 

19 

2.252 .060-1-17 19 

.058 

20 

2.625 .170 20 

.063 

21 

3.000 .080 21 

.070 

22 

3.375 .090 22 

.077 

23 

3.753 .100-1-10 23 

.084 

24 

4.700 .125-1-8 24 

.091 

25 

9.400 .250-1-4 25 

.098 

26 

14.000 .375-3-8 26 

.105 

27 

18.750 .500 

28 

37.500 1.000 

In our p resent attained development, zinc is one of 

in's most useful metals. It has been called the handmaiden 

of chemistry, the man-servant of mechanics, 

and the everlasting servant of humanity. Unlike other 

metals, it resists all actions but erosion and its adherents 

aver that because of its indestructibility it will 

contribute more than all else in saving the world from 

a metalless age. 

What Could Ee Nicer? 

Chicago comes in the same class with other large 

cities as regards housing shortage. 

In discussing the situation, Edward Zipf, who is 

president of the village board of Wilmette, a north 

shore suburb, speaking ex-officio, presented the following 

partial solution, says the Chicago Tribune: 

"We now have a vacancy in Wilmette—our village 

jail. It has been unoccupied since the big wind of 

1919. We are willing to receive a good tenant. It is 

a three-room suite, good location, center of town— 

convenient to both electric and steam service. 

"The exterior is of reinforced concrete, interior steel 

lattice work; running hot and cold water, steam, electric 

lights, janitor service. The entire edifice is burglar 

proof. In the summer Wilmette enjoys boating, 

bathing and unexcelled sunsets. 

"The police business has been on the bum ever since 

prohibition began to take effect."

SEPTEMBEE 3, 19.0 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 313 

Estimating Versus Shop Equipment 

Some Suggestions on an Important Subiect Subject Which 

Shovild Not Be Overlooked by Sheet Metal Man 

T H E estimating force is in one respect the foundation 

upon which success or failure in business 

rests. As a matter of fact, the great majority of 

sheet metal contractors have for their principal capital 

only experience and energy, and more or less scientific 

knowledge (ability), coming down to hard tacks as 

regards to this topic. 

It is the little details that make or mar the effectiveness 

of any business structure or organization just 

as it is the little things in every-day life that make 

of life success or failure. And it is for this reason 

the aim here to deal with little matters as they confront 

the owner of the small shop in connection with 

this important subject. 

Analyzing the situation, every indication shows that 

there is no factor in the management of a business, 

no matter how large or how small the output, how 

great or how little the investment, worthy of more 

consideration than the science of estimating and its 

good and evil consequences. 

It is true that the literature on this subject is very 

meager and it is also true that the records on business 

failures are almost complete. But this does not say 

that the latter is due to the first. It seems that what 

is needed is not so much a study course in estimating. 

but encouragement through association in the dissemination 

of knowledge upon taking precautionary steps 

and measures to safeguard against contingencies as 

they are bound to arise. 

Prices are made almost by a guess in many instances, 

or, as sometimes is the case, to meet the price 

the customer says was made to him by the other con 

tractor. What is the result? The sheet metal man 

finds himself with a depreciated plant, the best years 

of his life spent and no means of renewing either. 

He is simply the victim of a vicious system of estimating 

or rather lack of svstem. 

Often the head of a firm has to depend on someone 

in charge of this duty. Whether they confess it or 

not, the main object of some estimators is to smuggle, 

so to say, as many contracts as possible in for selfish 

reasons and leave the other fellow to worry his head 

off about the rest. A condition of this kind is deplorable 

and past rectifying. 

MISTAKES MUST BE GUARDED AGAINST 

Errors in estimating have always been made, but 

the consequences were not as serious then as they are 

to-day. If a mistake in taking off quantities and 

figuring costs ever played havoc with a business, and 

the small business especially, it certainly does now. 

A miscalculation in time as regards labor meant $5 

per day then, but now it is $10 per day. Galvanized 

iron and other materials have not only doubled but 

trebled, and so on along the line. 

But mistakes are not always at the bottom of a 

low figure. Conditions are changing rapidly. Until 

comparatively recent times long-established firms have 

often held their place of supremacy because of the 

fact that they were established and had a good reputation 

to back them up. Thus they could obtain contracts 

at better prices than their less experienced 

rivals. . 

It can be said that with the introduction ot new

'11 METAL WORKER, PLU M 

ER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER. 3, 1920 

power machinery the turning point was reached. ing, New depreciation, nor may they come within the scope 

processes in manufacture render it continually neces of the subject, but are certainly worth a word in 

sary to be on the watch, to discover improved methods. passing. It is hardly necessary to sound a word of 

It is of great importance not only to know about vari warning because every business man knows the drawous 

machines but to know their possibilities. 

back the present freight upheaval has on all lines 

Not so very many years ago a lower figure meant of trade, knows the far-reaching effect of a strike, 

and was spoken of as doing business without profit. whether in one trade or another, knows that an act of 

To-day it may be evident that work could be done at Congress may reduce the output of his equipment, 

a lower yet more profitable figure due to the up-to- thinking of the many store cornices whicli kept a good 

date shop equipment. Estimates can be made with a many shops busy up to a few years ago. 

certainty of profit—a thing of no small importance. There are other disturbing factors appearing on 

This may sound theoretical. The above pictures the horizon already which are liable to upset busi 

will help to illustrate this point, however. The plates ness probabilities. Attention might be called to the 

as shown were 19x25 in. in size, made of No. 18 rent proposition if you have a leased shop or building. 

galvanized iron, with 7-in. holes cut out. This was Signs such as this: "Driven out of business because 

accomplished, as was observed in various shops, in rent has been raised from $150 to $500 per month" 

different ways, as will be seen in the three different were not uncommon. If such is the case now, what 

views. The first one illustrates the most primitive will it be in three years from now? Indications are 

method, for such it should be considered in the present anything but favorable. However, contingencies of 

day. The time required to chisel out the holes on an this class do not make an argument for a high rate 

iron plate is 10 min. each j_late. No matter how good of depreciation and reserve a sane one and one that 

the mechanic may be, the job will be a rough one as should receive more consideration. 

to finish and it is necessary to add at least 5 min. for Make it a habit to look your plant over and ask 

filing, bringing the total time up to .5 min. 

yourself whether you could not have had a greater 

A better way is the use of a throat shear, as is profit on one or the other job if you had added one 

shown in the second picture. The time, including the 

little filing that this process needs, is only 30 min. So 

it will be seen that the work cannot only be done 

machine or a tool to your shop equipment. 

quicker but better. 

Another method is to cut out the holes by means 

of an expansion cutter on the drill press shown in 

the third illustration. On account of the time required 

for setting up the work, it takes 25 min. to finish one 

plate but the greater advantage is that the product 

is perfect. This, indeed, would be the only method if 

a machine finish was required. 

Summing up the advantages it will immediately be 

evident that the more complex and expensive the 

equipment the less the experience required, hence the 

smaller the risk of securing competent help, especially 

when such is scarce; the smaller the risk of 

non-acceptance, and last but not least, the more complete 

and reliable the data for future reference. 

An order for 100 inserts means a saving of about 

25 hr. when comparing the first two, or 33 1-3 per 

cent. Of course it is true that the depreciation increases 

correspondingly, but it must be admitted that 

the amount to be written off for depreciation on 

sheet metal machinery is very small. 

Typical English Bathroom Equipment 


many of those hot water systems are now heated with 

gas, so that in place of the range boiler being over a 

coal fire it is set with a gas fire under it. Practically 

all of the other arrangements are the same. 

In houses where there is no circulation of hot 

water from the kitchen and when gas is available 

many have an apparatus for the heating of bath water 

in the bathroom. 

Many of those geysers are now made so that the 

products of combustion from the gas can be carried 

off very easily and when the cold water passes through 

into the geyser it admits a full supply of gas to the 

burner. If from any cause the supply of water fails 

or is cut off, the supply of gas is instantly checked 

or shut off entirely. This type of apparatus as used 

in many cases in England is lieated by a set of burners 

with ordinary luminous flames. 

In nearly every bathroom is found the ordinary 

lavatory basin which is generally made of porcelain. 

DEPRECIATION AND RESERVE FUND 

The simplest and the most satisfactory form in use is 

that made with a good broad piece at the back and 

What is of greater importance here is that figures with a soap recess on each side. The outlets of these 

must not only include an amount for depreciation in 

basins are made to close with plug and chain or with 

order to provide for replacement, but for addition to 

waste valves. Tliose with the rubber plug are the 

the equipment in order to make the latter up-to-date. 

most common in use, as the valve arrangement is only 

We may call this a depreciation and reserve fund used for high-class work, although it is by far the 

which must be set aside from a portion of the profit. neatest in point of appearance. 

Not only is your competitor justified in figuring lower, 

Very few bathroom fittings are to be found with 

but his figure includes a fair profit which, in return, 

wooden enclosures or fitting and in the most of cases 

will take care of replacement and addition, simply 

the pipes and valves are exposed to view. From a 

because he has been far-sighted enough to get an up- strictly sanitary point of view, the independent unto-date 

shop equipment before you did. 

cased fitting, with every part open to view, is pref 

The above reserve fund must take the place of an erable and with the health of the resident so greatly 

insurance against contingencies which are liable to depending on good sanitation, every sanitary fitting 

confront the small business man any time and the should be the best of its kind. Also the drainage 

allowance to be added to the prices must be a liberal system with wliich it is linked up should be as perfect 

one. These contingencies need not be, strictly speak- as possible.

SEPTEMBEH 3, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 31 

Truth About Lasting Power of Furnac 

It Is Several Times Seven Years—Records of Performance 

and Longevity Every Furnaceman Can Use—An Erroneous 

Statement Challenged and Refuted—In Twenty Years' 

Experience But One Furnace Junked and That After 

TABLE EXEMPLIFYING THE LASTING POWER OF 

FURNACES 

Furnace 

Be- Years in 

Set. Beset Beset paired Use 

Kelsey ..1898 1910 1919 None 21 

Round Oak Chief 1910 None 11 

Kelsey _ _1903 1905 1919 18 

Palace Queen 1905 1914 None 16 

Kelsey 190. 1919 _ 1919 16 

Gorton 1898 1915 None 23 

Wood 

7)147 

1878 1919 42 

Average of service not yet ended 51 years 

Thirty-seven Years of Service 

BY CADY H. PIERCE 

IT is impossible for me to say just when I first 

heard the statement, "The average life of a warmair 

furnace is 7 years." It would make no difference 

to the reader if I were able to name the exact 

time. I do know it was well back in the past. Having 

been engaged in heating and kindred lines for 20 

years, I feel safe in saying it was all of 19 years ago 

when I first heard it and I have been hearing it ever 

since. Old experienced lieating men have said it and 

high school boys, making their first trip with a grip 

full of catalogs and price lists, who did not know a 

base burner from a double oven range, have also 

passed this information on to me. 

At first I took it for a fact and believed it as firmly 

as that the earth was round or that Columbus discovered 

America in 1492. However, as the years 

have come and gone I have changed my opinion as to 

the truth of this statement. I may be in error and it 

may be true that "the average life of a warm-air 

furnace is 7 years." Nevertheless, I am sure of the 

facts which my own experience has taught. 

SERVED FIVE TIMES 7 YEARS BEFORE BEING "jUNKED" 

As mentioned in the foregoing, in 20 years of practice 

in one territory around Rodman, N. Y., I have 

"junked" one warm-air furnace, and only one. This 

was done in the fall of last year and the furnace had 

been in use for 37 years and had had but one thorough 

overhauling and that about 12 years ago, or after 

a quarter of a century of good work. 

I do not wish to create the impression that I am 

"married" to the warm-air furnace method of heating. 

I do recommend it wherever it appears to be the most 

practical. I have installed both hot water and steam 

lieaters in many homes and always with entire satisfaction 

to the customer. 

It seems to me tbat any statement which appears 

to be in error should be challenged by some one, and 

I have taken it upon myself to do so in this instance. 

To present my case I must cite a few instances 

which prove to me that the average warm-air furnace 

is a good investment for the purchaser. In the year 

1898 a Kelsey warm-air generator was installed in a 

farm house by a concern from out-of-town, I believe, 

this being two years before I entered the trade. In 

1910, the owner, wishing to heat more of his home 

and the old Kelsey being too small for the work, purchased 

from me a Round Oak Chief furnace for himself 

and had the Kelsey placed in a smaller liouse 

which he owned. In passing, I might remark that 

the Chief furnace has never had a repair of any kind 

since its installation and apparently is good for many, 

many years to come. 

The discarded Kelsey was found to be in perfect 

condition and did excellent service until last season. 

An ice jamb in the nearby stream last spring caused 

WOOD FURNACE REPAIRED AFTER 42 YEARS AND 

STILL GOING 

the cellar in which it was placed to fill with water 

and the old Kelsey was submerged for several days. 

After the flood subsided the owner decided to take 

the furnace down and, if it had done its work, as he 

seemed to think it had, to discard it and install a 

new one. At this late date, however, after twenty-


one seasons of firing, every casting was found to be When it was dismantled the steel sheet whicli sur 

without a break or flaw. It was reset and the tenant, rounds the upright flues was found to be in bad shape. 

who has lived in rented city houses all his life, says This part was obtained new from the manufacturer. 

he has a perfectly heated home. And this is the ver All of the castings were perfect. On Jan. 10, 1920, 

dict after the so-called "average life" has been multhe 

new owner wrote me that he had no regrets and 

tiplied by three. 

was more than satisfied with his purchase. This fur 

SEVENTEEN YEARS AND STILL ON THE JOB 

nace is now doing its sixteenth season's work. 

Instance No. 2 refers also to a Kelsey. In the fall 

of 1905, a customer of mine learned where he could 

purchase a second-hand Kelsey and he took the writer 

to examine it and decide whether it would be a good 

deal. The job had been in use only two seasons but 

had proved too small for the work. My customer 

obtained the furnace and a good-sized load of pipe 

and register boxes for $40. This second-hand furnace 

furnished ample heat and gave entire satisfaction 

for 14 seasons. 

Last fall, because of slight gas leaks which developed 

the winter before, it was given a thorough overhauling. 

Upon examination tliree of the cast flues 

were found to have small cracks in one corner of their 

upper ends, otherwise the castings were in perfect 

shape. These cracks were welded and the 17-year-old 

heater is still on the job, 24 hr. a day for the eighteenth 

heating season. The location of the cracks in the 

JOB TWENTY-TWO YEARS YOUNG 

As No. 5, I will simply mention an old Gorton furnace. 

It was installed originally in a large Adirondack 

hotel. The owner used it for 5 years. Then he 

built a hotel annex, took the furnace out and replaced 

it with a steam plant, selling the furnace to his 

brother. I installed the old furnace in the brother's 

home 17 years ago. 

In the summer of 1915 the owner decided to move 

the furnace in his cellar. The furnace had never 

leaked gas or smoke so we pried up the ashpit section, 

inserted iron pipe rollers and moved the entire furnace. 

To-day it is heating his home perfectly. The 

job is 22 years young. 

STARTED FORTY-TWO YEARS AGO AND STILL GOING 

The last case is that of an "old-timer," indeed. 

Last fall I was called out of my territory to examine 

an old wood furnace and see what I could do to 

get a little more service out of an outfit that had 

been in use 41 years, a job that my father installed 

3 years before I was born. 

It proved to be a wood burner, brick set, with a 

fire box about 20 x 48 in. The grates were in fair 

shape and could be repaired at small expense. The 

furnace looked something like the sketch presented. 

The long exposure to heat had expanded the upper 

section to such an extent that the flanges on the two 

rear flues of the lower section were broken, one 

only slightly and the other shy a piece as large as a 

man's hand. Returning to the shop, two squeezers 

of 18-gage iron were made as shown in the illustration. 

Upon return to the job the broken pieces 

LEFT CRACKED CASTING MADE AS GOOD AS NEW BY 

WELDING. RIGHT SHEET METAL SQUEEZER USED 

IN REPAIRING OLD WOOD FURNACE 

were placed in position and held with fine wire. The 

squeezers were then placed around the cup joints and 

filled with furnace cement while still in a loose position. 

They were then drawn as tightly as possible 

with stove bolts. All other joints and cup joints were 

thoroughly cemented and the old 41-year-old wood 

burner, made by the "Lord No Zoo" (to quote Dickens) 

is to-day delivering the goods and doing it right. 

Otlier instances could be mentioned but enough has 

been presented and I will let the case rest. There 

flues, as shown in one of the sketches herewith, were may be some "neck of the woods" where warm-air fur 

easily welded whole. 

naces are sent to the scrap heap 7 years after installa 

The third instance is that of a 29-in. fire pot Paltion. It is not here, liowever, where the temperature 

ace Queen furnace, made by the International Heater dropped to 33 deg. below zero last winter. 

Co. In thc year 1905 I installed this furnace in the 

Congregational Church here in my home village. After 

9 years of use it was moved about 30 ft., this being THE AMERICAN PROTECTIVE TARIFF LEAGUE has 

necessary because of changes in the basement. It just issued its campaign button which reads as fol 

has been 6 years in its new location and is still giving lows: "Harding and Coolidge, SMILE, 1920," and 

satisfactory service. 

on the back of the button are the words "Protection 

REQUIRED NEW DRUM AFTER FIFTEEN YEARS 

Prosperity." The "SMILE" is in red ink across the 

button and a.s large as space will allow. Two buttons 

It happens that the fourth case has a Kelsey for sent to any address by letter mail for 6 cents, address 

the subject. This time the customer made the pur W. F. Wakeman, Secretary, 339 Broadway, New 

chase on his own judgment. This lieater had been York, who also has some literature in the press that 

used for about 15 years in a store in a nearby village. can be procured from him.

SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

You Can Sell Many Stoves 

People Still Need Them 

Face the Conditions with Active Courage and You 

SEARCH among the 

stove and repair 

houses for information 

that would enable the 

service bureau to answer 

these questions secured 

the frequent reference to 

METAL WORKER, PLUMB 

ER AND STEAM FITTER as 

the most reliable source 

for information available. 

This brought the various 

questions that are presented 

more conspicuously 

for consideration. 

The changed conditions 

in the stove industry are 

very marked. At one time 

the sheet metal worker 

made a great variety of 

kitchen furniture for use 

in connection with the 

kitchen stove and made 

Will Win—Present Prices Promise to Hold and May 

Stiffen—No Stock to be Sacrificed at Cut Prices 

the smoke pipe for hitching up the parlor and bedroom 

stoves. This made the tinshop man a great distributor 

of the product of stove manufacturers. It 

was practically all marketed with his assistance. He 

still is a large factor camouflaged as a hardware dealer 

on which both the young and old housekeeper must call 

for much of the kitchen furnishing outfit. He is a most 

potent factor in his expert knowledge that insures a 

stove staying sold and baking a beautiful brown or 

lieating properly for every customer. He distributes 

more stoves than he is given credit for, distributes 

them more cheaply for the manufacturer and gets the 

service from them for his customer that builds a 

popular reputation and an increased sale. 

Those who manufacture and sell stoves, liowever, 

seem to agree that less than 50 per cent of the product 

of the different stove foundries is marketed through 

his hands. Now, the catalog liouse, the furniture 

trade, the department store and the installment liouse 

sell the buyer any stove such customers will take, 

but with none of the old-time interest in its final 

operation and expert knowledge of what would best 

serve in the home of the buyer. 

As the allegiance of the stove manufacturers became 

weakened with the old-time distributor through 

the distribution of the output through these newer 

factors, its allegiance to METAL WORKER, PLUMBER 

AND STEAM FITTER suffered in like proportion. And 

yet considerable attention and work for the welfare 

of the stove trade is still given as a labor of love with 

317 

scant compensation toward 

the service. Much 

of the practical information 

that must be possessed 

to make stoves 

work under all conditions 

now in the possession of 

those who handle stoves 

was gleaned from the experience 

in the field and 

again made available as 

the result of this labor on 

our part. But like last 

year's bird nests, it is 

empty of reward. 

It is one of the vicissitudes 

of trade that the 

qualifications of the average 

stove manufacturer 

run more naturally to mechanical 

than to mercantile 

enterprise and yet he 

has realized the futility of 

working against the tide. The old-time stove distributor 

also pays more attention to the mechanical 

branches of his trade. The people of the younger 

generation did not know him and asked for a stove 

where they bought their furniture when they started 

in housekeeping. It was but lhe natural development 

of living conditions, greatly hastened by the general 

congregating of large numbers of people in centers. 

One of the service bureaus has been asked the 

following questions by a man interested in the 

stove field: 

Has the stove industry a trade paper which it 

fo.ters and in which it gives what is going on in 

its field? 

Where can I get information on the conditions 

that are now governing it and those which will 

influence the future? 

Where can coal, wood, oil and gas stoves be 

best sold ? 

Has stove making become a localized industry 

and in what direction are influences now draw 

ing it? 

A general review of present and past condi 

tions and the probable trend will be considered 

a favor. 

INFLUENCES AT WORK 

Information as to conditions prevailing and probable 

are at the present time largely gathered from 

assuming that influences working in other lines of 

business as probably working in a similar way in 

kindred lines. The influences now at work are: 

First, the agreement between the manufacturers and 

molders, which for years has averted strikes in the 

industry and consequently saved a great amount ot 

money for all identified with the production of stoves 

The last agreement made in December has led to an 

increase in the labor cost of stoves between 20 and 25 

per cent and nearer 25 per cent than 20 per cent, 

according to most careful and successful students in 

the field. Wages of molders were advanced something 

over 10 per cent last December by agreement. 

Then manufacturers agreed also to hire labor to do 

certain work that had previously been done by the 

molders and included in the labor cost. This is what 

makes the advance in labor cost at least 25 per cent. 

Then the statistics available in many different b»-

318 METAL WORKER, PLUM 

In the past, almost every spring season opened with 

a reasonably well assorted line in the warehouses of 

the manufacturers and some left-over stuff in the 

hands of the dealers throughout the country. The 

conditions this year found light stocks everywhere 

and almost no stock in many instances. The result 

has been that as fast as stoves have been produced, 

they have been shipped to the buyers who were eager 

to take care of tlieir needs before the transportation 

facilities became discouraging in their delivery. Also 

they were, in order to secure the stock before a further 

advance was announced and so as to be able to 

make the sales that were necessary to have the fall 

business of stove dealers throughout the country on 

the right side of the ledger as the result of the profits 

attending the sales. 

Tliere are very few foundry houses which can show 

any considerable amount of stock accumulated in the 

warehouses. With no stock in the warehouses there 

is no occasion for those who have furnished the money 

for the pay roll and the pig iron to suggest that it 

would be well to realize, on stock at the inopportune 

season and force a cut rate in order to bring about 

some sales. Such an unfortunate condition is apparently 

not likely to be found during the coming fall. 

Tliere is no question but what stove foundries have 

sprung up all through the country and that many 

Eastern foundries which in the past shipped across the 

continent have now gone half-way and opened up 

other foundries to take care of the trade that was 

distant from the original plant. 

There was a time when every steamer sailing from 

New York carried more or less stoves that were made 

in the foundries of Pennsylvania, up the Hudson 

River and even in New England, to ports all along 

the coast. New York is no longer the important stove 

distributing center that it once was and the same 

holds good of Philadelphia, Albany and other Eastern 

centers, many of which have turned their foundries 

to other lines of product. 

LOCALITY OF STOVE INDUSTRY 

To a certain extent this has made the stove industry 

one of locality and the foundry which has but a 

short distance to ship has a very positive advantage 

over the foundry 500 or 1,000 miles away, which in 

former times filled the houses of the people where the 

IER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 

reaus and publications are, that about a year new ago foundries pig are now serving the purpose. It is 

iron could be purchased for $30 per ton, where to-day easier to take the raw material to the center where 

the price is $46 and strong, or over 50 per cent ad the goods are needed and to manufacture any line of 

vance, and foundrv coke is now $18 to 20 instead of stoves whether for lieating or for cooking, and for any 

$4 to $6. 

fuel, in the territory, than to go to the expense of 

Taking these factors of cost alone, the reasons for paying the freight rates and incurring the other costs 

an advanced selling price are very apparent without and disadvantages that attend long shipments of man 

taking into consideration many of the fittings, furufactured product. 

nishings and finishes that also have increased in price These are the influences that have had a great deal 

so as to further increase the cost. Apparently, there to do with the establishment of stove foundries all 

is nothing in the production cost of stoves that has through the South and on the other side of the Missis 

receded. It has been impossible to secure the desired sippi River, even to the Pacific Coast. Where the 

number of stove molders in almost any foundry cast iron coal stove filled the car with considerable 

throughout the country. As a result, the product of weight, the modern gas and gasoline stoves are squally 

the plant is less than in former times and this output bulky but afford little weight. Naturally, though 

has to bear the complete overhead expense. Conse less likely to breakage, they carry a higher rate in 

quently, it is another factor for increased cost. It order to reimburse the carrier for the service that is 

also holds with equal force against any recession in rendered. 

price. 

There will still be a large demand for stoves in the 

SPRING STOCKS VERY LIGHT 

country districts and in the West and Southwest, where 

fuels are obtainable at less cost than those which have 

to be transported from a distance. In the suburban 

districts and particularly on the farm there will still 

be a considerable demand for stoves. But the probabilities 

are that as time goes on this demand will decrease 

except so far as cooking stoves are concerned, 

the centralized heating plant making the whole liouse 

warm whether with a furnace or a steam or hot water 

outfit. This has made inroads on the heating stove 

trade that can never be stopped or replaced. As the 

result, many foundries have engaged in the production 

of the central heaters. In the cities where gas 

can be purchased at a reasonable figure, the gas stoves 

are certain to be sold and the coal stove business cut 

accordingly. 

NO COAL COOKING APPARATUS 

Now there are plenty of buildings in which there is 

no coal cooking apparatus provided. The cooking is 

either done with gas or electricity and the main heating 

plant supplies the medium for the radiator in the 

kitchen. There is only one fire to attend in the house 

and sometimes the heat is taken from the street main, 

so there is no fire in the house, unless there be a gas 

log or an open fireplace for auxiliary or esthetic purposes. 

Tliese conditions are recognized by the most 

advanced manufacturers and those who are most alert 

to read the conditions of the future. 

So far as price is concerned, there is a very firm 

opinion that no changes in prices that show reductions 

will come this year. There is nothing in the iron 

market or the labor market that at the present time 

indicates anything that will be safe to base much 

change in price upon for the next year. 

However, before the winter is past and the buying 

season opens for another year, many changes are likely 

to be noted. But there is much confidence that the recessions 

which have been shown in leather and cloth 

goods cannot be expected in anything that is made to 

serve in the capacity of a heating or cooking apparatus. 

The conditions outlined discourage any such 

an idea. Pig iron for the first half of next year 

is being bought by manufacturers in some fields at 

present prices and the outlook for lower cost fuel is 

not encouraging. Labor cost is fixed till December, 

1921. Stove foundry products bought and received 

now can doubtless be sold at a profit.



problems --- the Place to 


Dust Collector Capacity Insufficient 

From Founder, Quincy, III.—We are experiencing 

trouble with our dust collecting outfits that we have 

installed at our foundry for carrying away the dust 

made in cleaning castings and other manufacturing 

operations. We desire suggestions on making changes 

VARIOUS TYPES OF DUST COLLECTORS 

Upper left—Tumbling room dust collector 

Upper right—Polishing room dust collector 

Lower left—Changed proportions for tumbling room 

Lower right—Changed proportons for polishing room 

collector. 

SERVKTWGIJATIS 




refuse from two No. 7 Buffalo Forge fans, one, the 

upper connection running from the polishing room at 

a speed of 1,450 r. p. m., the lowering opening from 

the cleaning and grinding room in which the fan is 

run at a speed of 1.360 r. p. m. It will be seen from 

these drawings that one has a 16-in. pipe while the 

other has two 14-in. pipes. These collectors do not 

seem to hold the dust, a large percentage of it coming 

out at the top and we shall be glad to have some assistance 

to enable us to make the necessary changes. 

Note—Through the courtesy of Koithan & Pryor, 

New York representatives of the Buffalo Forge Co., 

the following is presented: 

In connection with the collector shown at the upper 

left of the illustrations, the fan should handle 6,000 

cu. ft. at the total pressure of 4 oz. This makes the 

inlet velocity through the 16-in. pipe 4,300 ft. per 

minute. The lower left-hand cut shows the size of 

the collector with the proper dimensions for the different 

parts which is recommended for the work to 

be done, from which it will be seen that it does not 

vary materially from that shown in the original outfit, 

but yet gives it somewhat more capacity. It 

seems that probably the trouble with the dusting of 

this outfit is due to the fact that the baffle or disc 

which hangs below the central tube is out of adjustment. 

This central tube usually extends 2 in. below 

the lowest point of the entrance of the dust on the 

side of the collector. The 16-in. pipe is transformed 

to a 28 x 11-in. pipe. This is approximately correct 

but it seems that the tube should hang down not lower 

than 30 in., but this then makes it extend too far 

down into the cone. If the transformation piece on 

the side of this drum is changed to 24 x 10% in - anct 

the tube dropped down to 26 in., there will be clearance 

to adjust the baffle below the tube without having 

to drop it into the cone too far. The raising and 

lowering of this baffle plate is what produces the balance 

in the collector. If the collector is made on the 

dimensions given the outlet velocity will be 1,070 ft. 

per minute, a very great slowing down from the inlet 

velocity, which will enable the dust to separate and 

settle "and the air can pass off clear so that the 

trouble reported will be overcome. 

The same general conditions apply to the other 

to carry the air out of the building and to let the dust 

outfit and the trouble can be corrected by raising the 

drop to the collection bins where it should go. 

cylindrical portion of the collector in each case from 

In the accompanying sketch the collector shown at 

6 to 10 in. If the general dimensions given in the 

the upper left is installed on the outside of the build 

sketch at the right are followed, the troubles will 

ing and is used for drawing the dust from the tumbling 

be corrected. Then after the collector is in operation 

room after it has been through a Knickerbocker Tari 

bv raising and lowering the baffle so that the dust comffed 

collector type. There is a No. 8 Buffalo Forge 

ing out the top is reduced to a minimum or cannot be 

fan between the Knickerbocker type and collector. 

seen and* with no perceptible pressure in the delivery 

This fan runs at 1,505 r. p. m. At the upper right 

a collector is shown which is installed to collect the 

pipe, it will be operating at its best efficiency.

320 METAL W ORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 


Responsibility and Opportunity 

B E F O R E preparing the article presented elsewhere 

bring out the best in all lines, whether heating, sheet 

in this issue to show how all trades might bene 

metal or plumbing work, rather than to espouse any 

fit from a new service by the heads of industries, 

one type or method that its readers may practice. A 

some correspondence and much conversation bearing 

man well versed in the requirements of a heating out 

on the subject were carried on. In no instance was 

fit may well recommend and install all types and many 

there a denial of the existence of the need brought out, 

of our readers are doing it. They have learned much 

but rather a serious contemplation of the matter has 

about how to do it successfully from the continual 

been inspired. In the industries to whicli this publica 

presentation of articles giving the basic principles that 

tion is devoted there has been less use made of the 

have been prepared at our solicitation by competent 

channels open for the guidance to avoid the shoals and 

men. In spite of the success that many make of spe 

for direction on the right course than in many newer 

cializing on one line, there is great need for the versa 

fields. It is encouraging to note that in other fields 

tility that uses the right thing in the right place. 

the leaders feel it incumbent upon themselves to par 

ticipate in the formulation of ideas and practices by 

wliich everyone can benefit. They realize that in the 

frequent presentation of worth-while recommendations 

an effective movement finds its origin. They feel that 

only from those whose perspective of the field is com 

prehensive can they see, know and make observations 

impossible to those whose close attention to one detail 

or interest disqualifies them for the service. From 

this point of view they do not deviate because it adds 

but a light burden to their load. They take up the 

service to give their industry the necessary impetus in 

whatever manner for good their influence may be ex 

erted. It is to encourage a similar interest and effort 

for the welfare of the fields served by this journal 

that attention is drawn to the article mentioned which 

appears on another page. 

Heating With Boilers 

T H E thoroughly competent heating contractor in 

many places installs all kinds of lieating equip 

ment and recommends with ppsitiveness the kind 

of heater that, in his opinion, is best adapted to the 

needs. He has no favorite but knows his customer, 

his customer's building and what he can use with best 

satisfaction. Some business men lose money by fail 

ure to realize the true facts and recommend the same 

heating outfit for all conditions with the result that 

.something is left to be desired by the customer. Others 

make a specialty of one type of heating outfit and use 

it everywhere or pass over some contracts where they 

know another method than the one they use will give 

better satisfaction. 

It is well for some special line enthusiasts to read 

the article on another page about heating with boilers 

to realize that they have a permanent place as a 

practical method of heating and in their installation 

all the results that a customer may desire can be 

attained. 

It has ever been the purpose of this journal to 

Conflicting Influences 

B U Y E R S will become more keen to get lower prices 

from the retailers as the result of the shrinkage 

in prices in textiles, automobiles and some ar 

ticles of food. The trend in tliese articles is supposed 

to be in the downward direction. This is likely to 

make trouble for those who have to sell lieating, plumb 

ing and sheet metal goods which, owing to cost, may 

show further advances and the present prices hold 

for some time. Under these conditions the man who 

has the right information at his tongue's end can sat 

isfy buyers that the prices he is quoting are just and 

fair. He only needs to point to the price of pig iron a 

year ago and now, the price of coke a year ago and 

now, to the wages paid and to the skill of the worker. 

The two former show such an advance and all such 

a positive effect on the cost that the selling price 

cannot recede. When these facts are made clear, 

though the buyer may be disappointed, he will not 

feel that an injustice has been done him. 

Facts About Furnace Service 

ELSEWHERE in this issue is a record exemplify 

ing just such as could be given by many another 

furnaceman. It is the kind of information which 

many buyers would welcome and should stir furnace 

men to get out their records to aid such persons in 

deciding on the heating system for their homes. A 

photograph of an old-timer and of the liouse in wliich 

it is serving, with a letter giving the facts would be 

quite convincing as an aid to sales. It would enable 

a hesitant buyer to investigate for himself and be 

convinced. The man who keeps this article for refer 

ence and use in a tactful manner will find such facts 

effective in a canvass for business.



Massachusetts Plumbers' Annual Outing 

Large Attendance Enjoy Picnic at Pemberton 

Where Short Meeting is Also Held 

Boats, automobiles and the electric trains conveyed 

the members of the Massachusetts Master Plumbers' 

Association, their ladies and the allied trades to Pemberton, 

Mass., down Boston harbor, on Wednesday, 

August 25, on their annual outing. The party arrived 

in time for a dinner at Pemberton Inn, where 

250 plates were laid. 

President G. Wilbur Thompson acted as master of 

ceremonies and welcomed the members and guests. 

He announced that the day's program would be wholl}' 

informal, that there would be no speeches and that 

everybody was urged to join in the attractions of the 

place and enjoy the day to the fullest degree. 

Acting upon his suggestion, many members availed 

themselves of the bathing at the enclosed salt water 

pool of the Inn, where Ex-President E. W. Cox, of 

the Boston association, led the activities with fancy 

diving and swimming stunts. 

The baseball game proved the main attraction 

after dinner and the plumbers kept up their record 

of former outings by defeating the jobbers in a fast 

6-inning game 15 to 9—at least that was the score 

which the plumbers claimed, but Umpire "Archie'' 

Campbell refused to commit himself and verify the 

tally. 

The plumbers' line-up was: Lowe, c; Tucker, p; 

Morris, lb; Neily, 2b; President E. W. Donoghue, 

Boston association, at 3b; Farrell, ss; Skinner, If; 

Harris, cf; Jansen, rf. They are alleged by the jobbers 

to have supplemented some of these stars with 

outsiders, but they deny using any "ringers.'' 

The defeated team, composed of the jobbers, contained 

A'Hearn, c; Connelly, p; Captain Morris, lb; 

Fells, 2b; Cardinal, 3b; Verry, ss; Judge, If; Aubinger, 

rf; McAuliffe, cf; Dix, cf; Brett, 3b; McDonald, 

If. Captain Morris scored the only "Babe Ruth" of 

the game, making the circuit the first time he came to 

bat by knocking the ball well out into the ocean. Activtivities 

had to be delayed for a time until a new ball 

was procured. 

There were various other events and many of the 

members later enjoyed supper at the Palm Garden 

and enjoyed the amusements of that nearby resort. 

President Thompson called a business session during 

the afternoon on the Pemberton Inn veranda. 

After some debate, at wliich a motion to increase the 

states dues $4 was lost, the meeting voted to increase 

the dues $3, which is the additional assessment made 

by the National association as a result of its vote to 

raise the National dues from $2 to $5. This makes 

the total dues paid by members to the state association 

$11 per annum. 

Owing to the fact that the next National convention 

date mav be advanced from June to an earlier date, 

the matter of the date of the next state annual meetir.g 

was left with the Board of Directors and the meeting 

will be called earlier than May if it is found that the 

National meeting is held prior to June. 

Memphis Plumbers' Annual Picnic 

Supply Houses and City Departments Represented 

at Outing at Edgewood Park 

The Master Plumbers' Protective Association of 

Memphis, Tenn., held its annual outing at Edgewood 

Park recently. Members of the trade, their wives and 

children, officers of the city of Memphis, Charles 

Shannon, Commissioner of Finance, Judge Frank 

Guthrie, representatives of the large supply houses, 

Crane & Co. and N. O. Nelson & Co., representatives 

from the Board of Sanitation and Health, were present 

and contributed to the intellectual program. 

Dancing, games, barbecue and a fine dinner were 

other laudatory features. 

The committee from this very active association included 

the following well-known Memphis tradesmen: 

Fred Hauser, chairman; Louis Peoples, Bernie E. 

Klenke, John Gilbert, William H. McMillan, Gus Limberg, 

Pat Kallaher, Oscar Hodges and Louis Barasso. 

Manhattan Plumbers To Use Motor Busses 

Former Plans to Have Special Train Take Guests 

to Outing at Whitestone Landing, L. I., 

Thursday, September 9, Changed 

The Outing Committee of the Association of Master 

Plumbers, Manhattan Branch, has changed its plans 

regarding the transportation of those who attend the 

annual outing at Whitestone Landing, L. I., on Thursday, 

September 9. Instead of the special train, as 

|i'reviousl3 r announced, motor busses will convey the 

guests to the picnic grounds. These busses will leave 

the association rooms, Terrace Garden Building, 155 

East Fifty-eighth Street, promptly at 10 o'clock on 

the morning of September 9. 

An entertaining program has been prepared for the 

day and all who plan to attend should look forward 

to an enjoyable time. 

North Siders Play at Kolze 

Good Turn-out at Annual Picnic of Chicago Plumbers 

on Saturday, August 28 

About 200 members, guests and their families, journeyed 

out to White House Grove, Kolze, 111., on Saturday, 

August 28, for the annual picnic of the North and 

Northwest Master Plumbers' Pleasure Club. President 

Perry Russell arranged for a nice day and the 

weather man did not disappoint him. 

A ball game opened the program, Ernie Wagner 

captained the Plumbers' team and Charley Bishop the 

Salesmen's, while William Baker, Roy Hickey and 

Boothby Wagner were the batteries. The game went 

seven innings and abounded in spectacular plays, the 

plumbers winning by the close score of 6 to 5. Olson's 

batting and Bushneil's shoe-string catches in left field 

were the bright spots in the Salesmen's play and heavy 

hitting was done by A. W. Bahn, Jr., "Bill" Gawne 

and William Adam's for the Plumbers. 

A group picture was taken and then races for 

women, children and men were held. Frank Pierson

322 .METAL WORKER, PLUM 

The North Suburban Master Plumbers' Association 

will have William J. Woolley as its guest at its October 

meeting, to be held in Maiden, Mass., the date 

to be decided. 

• No Outing for Lowell Master Plumbers 

Lowell (Mass.) Master Plumbers' Association has 

voted to dispense with its annual outing this year. A 

large Lowell delegation attended the annual outing 

of the Massachusetts Association, headed by President 

Daniel F. Carroll. 

Outing of North Shore Master Plumbers 

The annual outing of the Massachusetts North 

Shore Master Plumbers' Association was held Wednesday, 

September 1, at Centennial Grove, Essex, 

Mass., with a dinner and sporting program. Activities 

started at 10:30 a. m. 

Lynn Master Plumbers Outing September 16 

The Lynn (Mass.) Master Plumbers' Association 

will hold its annual outing Thursday, September 16, at 

Straightmouth Inn, Rockport, Mass., where the association's 

outing of last year was held and proved 

very successful. There will be an entertainment and 

program of sports in addition to the dinner. President 

George E. Ryan is in charge. 

Standardization of Plumbing Goods 

When so much of the time of the annual meeting 

of the American Society of Sanitary Engineering is 

likely to be given to the standardization of plumbing 

practice, plumbing equipment, plumbing laws of 

everything else that will improve service and decrease 

expense, it is well for the plumbing trade throughout 

the country to reflect upon the effect it would have 

upon their local interests. With the National Standardization 

Committee, composed of manufacturers, 

jobbers, plumbers and engineers, the subject will not 

be passed over lightly, but already steps have been 

taken to reduce costs, reduce lines of goods and to 

simplify work. It is quite possible that some of the 

changes that are recommended and will be carried out 

ER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 

started them on their way and Paul Jacobi and will Secre be attended with some cost to the trade and it is 

tary F. Grosch officiated at the finish line. 

well to look into the matter in advance. 

Between the various events all visited the refresh There is no question but what in the last analysis 

ment booth or danced in the pavilion as suited their a substantial saving will be effected, consequently, 

fancy. 

the standardized program will be put through and 

Supper was enjoyed under the trees at 6:30 and changes will be made. Those who may have some 

the large baskets which were brought in overflowing thoughts to express on this subject can write to the 

were brought to a low level under the attack of keen American Society of Sanitary Engineering, American 

appetites. 

Annex Hotel, St. Louis, Mo., where the meeting will 

After supper prizes were awarded to the winners of be held on Sept. 7, 8 and 9, and their ideas can be 

the races and general dancing was enjoyed. A square presented to the meeting for such benefit as they may 

dance with Harry Snow as caller was a feature and bring. The world war demonstrated beyond all doubt 

caused considerable merriment. 

the necessity as well as the desirability of standardiz 

There was something doing every minute until the ing many products. The subject was discussed by 

outing closed and everybody had a most enjoyable the plumbers at their convention in Pittsburgh and 

time. 

North Suburban Plumhers to Entertain 

many who took part in the discussion will be in St. 

Louis to urge that the advance be made. 

William J. Woolley 

Chicago Building Conditions—Work at 

Standstill—$150,000,000 Work Held Up 

Old Hi Cost has been busy and brought Chicago 

construction practically to a standstill. Except for a 

few theaters, hotels and apartment houses, 60 days 

more will see a complete suspension of activities, according 

to the estimate of E. M. Craig, secretary of 

the Building Construction Employers' Association. 

Prohibitive costs of materials and labor have held 

up $150,000,000 worth of work in the city, it is estimated 

by the city building department. Six months 

ago the curtailment was estimated at $100,000,000, 

which indicates how building enterprise is being cut 

down. 

When estimates are received the prospective builder 

sadly puts the plans back on the shelf. Banks have 

laid down strong rules concerning loans except for essential 

building. Architects are advising clients to 

postpone building until labor and material conditions 

improve. 

The letdown in activities has removed the labo_ 

shortage in the building trades. Plasterers are still 

hard to get, but contractors say carpenters are plentiful, 

so are bricklayers, while common labor, which 

was scarce enough a few months ago to run its scale 

up to $1 an hour—almost to the plane of skilled artisans—is 

now reported quite abundant. It is still drifting 

westward from Pittsburgh, Detroit and other 

points where there has been a sag. The street car 

companies, which are not a half bad barometer, report 

many applications for work. 

Employment is not what might be termed slack, but 

in man • branches men are reported applying for jobs. 

In the plumbing trade the general conditions is one 

of activity aided and abetted by the ability to get 

needed material. Replacement work has been in the 

majority. Any who have had stocks have drawn on 

them heavily and show-room displays have been taken 

when certain fixtures were badly needed. The difficulty 

in getting certain sizes of pipe have liandicapped 

both plumbers and fitters. 

In an effort to facilitate the construction of small 

houses and apartments and relieve the high rent situation, 

twenty-three building material, labor, real! 

estate and banking men of Chicago met on August 27 

at the invitation of A. F. Kramer, president of Chicago* 

Real Estate Board.




J. R. ELLENWOOD, of Ellenwood & Doyle, New 

York City, is leaving this week for a vacation trip in 

Canada. He is traveling by automobile as far as 

Boston, from which city he will ship his car to St. 

Johns, New Brunswick, where he will spend the next 

week or ten days. 

CHARLES P. BYRNE, widely known in the plumbing 

field as a successful business man of Chicago and 

for his long identification with the National Association 

of Master Plumbers, sailed from New York 

on August 5 for a vacation trip in Europe. 

FRANK O. WELLS, formerly president Greenfield 

Tap & Die Corporation, Greenfield, Mass., sailed 

August 28 on the Aquitania from New York for Europe. 

He will visit England, Scotland, Norway, 

Sweden, France, Spain and Italy and plans to be 

away about three months. 

Louis A. DELANEY, formerly mechanical engineer 

with F. X. Hooper Co., Glenarm, Md., is now manager 

of the American Sheet Metal Corporation, Phil 

adelphia. 

PETER MUNN, secretary of the Chicago Master 

Plumbers' Association, is taking a tliree weeks' vaca 

tion in Idaho. 

ANDREW F. CURTIN, Medford, former president of 

the Massachusetts Master Plumbers' Association, has 

been appointed a member of the National Board of 

Directors by National President D. F. Durkin of 

Philadelphia. With National Treasurer Richard J. 

Walsh of Lowell, Mass., they represented the National 

Association at the annual outing of the Massachusetts 

Association at Pemberton, Mass., last week. 

SAMUEL LITTLE, well known to the plumbing trade 

in New England and now in the plumbing supply 

business, pauses to take exceptions to the puns which 

are made concerning sanitary conditions in the country. 

He declares that one does not have to go off 

Broadway in lil old New York to find the old washbowl 

and similar things still in evidence. Little was 

recently in New York and declares he knows whereof 

he speaks. 

Mr. Baker Withdraws from Engineering 

Journalism 

Charles Whiting Baker, for 22 years editor-inchief 

of Engineering News, New York, and in the 

past two years consulting editor of Engineering News- 

Record, has announced his withdrawal from engineering 

journalism. Mr. Baker has established an engineering 

business exchange which will bring togethei 

those who have engineering properties to sell and 

those who seek to make purchases of such properties. 

In the 34 years of his editorial labors he has made 

a voluminous and important contribution to the literature 

of civil engineering. His ideals have been high 

and he has added in no small way to the increasing 

prestige of technical journalism. 

SHEET METAL AND FURNACE 

ANNOUNCEMENT Is MADE that E. E. Zideck, formerly 

associated with the Monticello Auto Radiator 

Co., has now become affiliated with the International 

Radiator Co., 1507 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 111., 

in the capacity of superintendent. Mr. Zideck, who 

has had years of experience in the automobile radiator 

industry, having been connected with some of the 

largest radiator concerns in the country, is satisfied 

that the International honeycomb core, which this firm 

is manufacturing at this time, stands second to none 

on the market to-day. This can be readily appreciated 

by radiator men after carefully examining the 

International core or comparing it with others. 

Make It of Zinc 

Attractively presented in 125 pages are the Proceedings 

of the meeting of the American Zinc Institute 

in Cliicago last May. It will be interesting to all who 

work in sheet metal inasmuch as it gives a clear idea 

of the purposes of the American Zinc Institute to 

acquaint sheet metal workers and all who work in zinc 

with the splendid qualifications it has for this work 

and it contains many papers read at this meeting, as 

well as the discussion of them by the experts who 

were present. It contains portraits of the various officers 

and those who are in charge of the development 

of the industry. 

Tliere are a well-arranged index, a list of officers 

and other information which will make the Proceedings 

valuable to the whole sheet metal trade for the 

information it contains and for reference. 

Oblong, Scjuare or Otherwise 

Illustrated is the square hole design floor register, 

class No. 200, manufactured by Hart & Cooley Co., 

New Britain, Conn. This register brings to mind two 

•l&U__Ulrnjtl_I_:__ r- 

•ILULULULULII . 

LLUILULLILIILU.;: ; 

ILUILULULLILU. . 

__ULU_-UIL-__-i__": 

HUILUIL ______ LIL . 

UULULULULUL. 

'iLLILULLJLLJLUM; 

JULLILLILIJLLL'mULUILULLILLL,'. 

J LILULLILULU : SQUARE HOLE DESIGN- 

ULULULULliUJ. FLOOR REGISTER : 

ll LJLUL UL ULd •' 

r'rt'tL'fcL't.L'fciiri 

selling points. First, the H. & C. high standard of 

constniction; secondly, the type of face. 

Modern homes require modern appliances that will 

comply in line and detail with the design and furnishings 

of the room in which they are placed. This fur-

321 -iETAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 

nishes the furnaceman with a selling point which can 

be used to the greatest of advantage, as the interest of 

the prospect can be centered in the design or selection 

of the type of registers which are to be used. Thus he 

becomes a partner in the design and will give his work 

to the furnaceman who is thoughtful enough to take up 

these details with him. Housewives will be particularly 

interested in these small details. They can be 

capitalized to jour advantage. 


THE SMITH & EGGE MANUFACTURING CO., Bridgeport, 

Conn., has for distribution its new catalog No. 

10, which will be of interest to plumbers and fitters 

as it illustrates plumbers' link chain, both brass and 

steel, basin, bath and wash-tray chains, split links, 

double-jointed chains and its line of jack chain. This 

catalog can be had upon request. 

THE BEATON & CALDWELL MANUFACTURING CO., 

New Britain, Conn., has for distribution folders illustrating 

and describing the Vacco Air Valve. This 

valve is a new addition to its line and is especially 

designed for use in connection with automatic vacuum 

steam heating. Folders can be had by the trade upon 

request. 

THE HANDSOME NEW CATALOG, just issued by C. 

F. Church Manufacturing Co., Holyoke, Mass., enumerates 

the many different styles of closet seats manufactured 

by this company. It contains many new 

styles which have been added to its already extensive 

line since the former catalog was published. This 

catalog will be of great assistance to plumbers in selling 

high-class closet seats and can be had upon request 

to the Church company at the above address. 

THE EXCELSO SPECIALTY WORKS, 119 Clinton 

Street, Buffalo, N. Y., are issuing bulletins covering 

their new style of water heater. These bulletins show 

a sectional view of the Excelso and the method of attaching 

to steam boilers and storage tanks. Bulletins 

can be had by addressing the Excelso Specialty 

Works. 

Heating and Plumbing Trade 

of Memphis, Tenn. 

The autumn approach is developing some large 

undertakings in Memphis just as others are being 

finished. The three big theater job are rapidly nearing 

completion, the State, the Palace and the Pantages. 

The Memphis Packing Co. is getting under way; the 

I ten Biscuit Co., Omaha, Neb., has let to the Alexander 

Construction Co., Memphis, the contract for its 

half million dollar 8-story biscuit factory that has 

started on Florida Avenue. The Quaker Oats Co. 

plant on the Frisco tracks and Linden Street car line 

is going up. Each of these will include considerable 

sheet metal, blow pipe and fine copper work. Numerous 

automobile structures likewise are sharing in the 

roofing end of the trade. Dave Dermon, a well-known 

sheet metal contractor of Memphis, is building one or 

two large automobile structures which will be among 

the largest in this very active auto center. One automobile 

factory is being erected. 

In the heating end of the trade, with numerous business 

structures and residences started, furnace people 

report good activities. The following firms report 

many contracts and a fine outlook for fall trade: Mr. 

Eichberg of Jefferson Avenue; C. Wessendorf & Co., 

Washington Avenue; the Memphis Heating Co., North 

Second Street; Mr. Holland of Cooper Avenue and 

Mr. Hendrix of Lamar Boulevard. Crops are good in 

the South this year and much building scheduled for 

the spring will take place this fall. 

Mueller Day in Decatur Enjoyed 

Headed by a color guard, the parade line-up of the 

H. Mueller Manufacturing Co., Decatur, 111., in 

charge of Marshal Maynard Kinder, on August 21, 

included the factory band, officers of the firm, salesmen 

in light-colored suits, girls of the factory, floats 

of products, machine-shop drum corps and a large 

number of employees and their families. Special cars 

took them to Fairview Park, where the athletic program 

was in charge of E. H. Langdon. Philip Cruikshank 

started the contestants on their wav and Everitt 

Mueller was the judge at the finish line. 

At noon a picnic lunch was enjoyed and then the 

salesmen staged a 5-inning indoor baseball game followed 

by a tug-of-war. An exciting volley ball game 

was played between teams captained by Prank Mueller 

and Robert Lusk and then came a baseball game 

between the East and West Siders. 

The feature of the afternoon was the minstrel show 

given by the office and factory forces, which was a 

source of much merriment. The stage was located 

at the foot of a hill and the spectators enjoyed the 

performance from the grassy seats above. L. H. Burleigh 

directed the show, which had J. H. McCormick 

as interlocutor, and endmen were Collins, Henrich, 

Kirchener, Logsdon, Jett, Moore, Marker and Lincoln. 

Solos were rendered by Adolph Mueller, E. 

E. Powell, L. J. Evans, Geo. Wree and T. J. Leary, 

and J. P. Stenner gave monologues. 

Choral singing was led bv C. G. Auer. in which 

all took part. 

The "49" Club, the salesmen's organization, pulled 

off its scheduled initiation and called upon President 

W. F. McCarthy of Philadelphia to be the candidate. 

In appreciation of his efforts during the past two 

years the club presented him with a gold pocket knife 

and chain. At 6 o'clock the club was entertained b} 7 

the company at dinner and elected W. L. Jett, Los 

Angeles, Cal., president, and Charles Ford, Washington, 

D. C, vice-president. 

The other picnickers enjoyed supper in the pavilion 

and a program of motion pictures was given on the 

lawn immediately following. The day's program closed 

with a dance in the pavilion. 

The large display board with the complete line of 

products made by the company and used at the Pittsburgh 

convention was displayed. 

The day was notable in several ways, and one was 

the fact that it was the first time in the history of the 

annual picnics that no $500 men were honored, as no 

one had completed 20 years' continuous service this 

year. Next year there will be a number who will receive 

the $500 in gold which the company awards to 

employes who have made this record.




Black and Oalvanized Sheets—Production improved. Will 

increase in price. 

Tin Plate—More stock available for jobbers. 

Tin—Continued stagnation. 

Copper—Demand dull, inquiries liglit. 

Zine—Demand dull. 

A ntimony—Inactive. 

Foundry Coke—Quiet. 

Linseed Oil—Demand light; price fluctuating. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Stocks better, prices down. 

Improvement in Transportation 

tfTT The feature of the market this week is the imjj 

proved transportation facilities and a general 

indication that the drift is now in the direction of 

normal conditions. This does not mean that the rail 

road situation is by any means satisfactory, but it is 

considerably better than six weeks ago. Iron and 

steel, with fuel, and tlie products therefrom are moving 

with greater freedom both to the mills and from 

them. The good crops comprise a substantial foundation 

for a solid business basis. While there has been 

some recession of industrial activity it is no more 

than is to be expected, and even desired as paving 

the way for the longed-for return to normal. The 

general trend of prices is downward and the labor 

market is improving as to supply. As the period ot 

price restrictions is left farther and farther behind, 

the infallible force of supply and demand is working 

towards pre-war conditions. The money market remains 

tight but in banking circles there is a much 

more hopeful condition. 


New York.—Some iron has been bought for this year 

by interests whose purchases are made in New York for 

plants in other sections of the country. No encouragement 

appears to be given to buying at present high prices for 

delivery in 1921, the fact being that all furnaces are quite 

sure to carry over considerable undelivered iron into the 

new year, and consequently most foundries will have iron 

coming to them at the close of this year. The freight increase 

as of August 26 is so large that foundries will figure 

more than ever on getting iron from furnaces from which 

the haul is shortest, and this factor may lead to some shifts 

in the competitive line-up as it has existed in the past year. 

We quote for early delivery in the Xew York district as 

follows: 

East Pa., No. 1 fdv., sil. 2.75 to 3.25 $54.52 to $55.52 

East Pa., No. 2X fdy., sil. 2.25 to 2.75 52.77 to 53.77 

East Pa., 2 fdv., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 51.52 to 52.52 


No. 2 Virginia, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 53.S7 to 55.87 

Cleveland.—Buying of foundry pig iron for next year, 

which never became very active after it started several 

weeks ago, has fallen off and sales in the week were very 

light. A Cleveland interest that heretofore has not taken 

orders for the first half is now making sales of foundry 

pig iron for that delivery subject to paper quotations at 

the end of the month previous to shipment and has closed 

with a number of its customers on that basis. There has 

been a further holding up of iron shipments by automobile 

companies and foundries engaged in automobile work which 

are reducing their stocks of raw material. 

We quote delivered Cleveland as follows, based on the new 

_, g S_ . ates _ these beln & a 5 6c switching charge for local iron, 

a V XXf ght T. ate from Val 'ey points, a 3.36 rate from Jackson 

and 6.67 from Birmingham. 

Northern No. 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 $50 56 

Southern fdy.. sil. 2.25 to 2.75 49.92 

Ohio silvery sil. 8 per cent A.. 63.36 

Philadelphia.—While the pig iron market is not active 

sales and inquiries in the past week were in contrast with 

the extreme quietness of several preceding weeks. Inquiries 

for foundry iron for next year are taken as an 

indication in some quarters that another iron buying movement 

is in the making. There is some confusion as to the 

amount of the freight rate advance on Virginia iron. 

Even among the railroads there is a difference of opinion, 

some maintaining that the roads are entitled to a 40 per 

cent advance, while others say that 33 1-3 is the correct 

increase. It is possible that some consumers will ask the 

Interstate Commerce Commission to decide the point as the 

difference is 27c a ton. 



iron, which are f.o.b. furnace: 

East Pa., No. 2 plain. 1.75 to 2.25 sil $52.26 to $52.24 

East Pa., No. 2X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 53.51 to 53.79 

Virginia No. 2 olain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil 55.47 

Virginia No. 2X, 2.25 lo 2.75 sil 56.72 

Chicago.—Except for a Michigan inquiry for 2,600 

tons of malleable and foundry for first half delivery, the 

market is very quiet. Another Southern furnace has opened 

its books for next year at $42, base, Birmingham, although 

it has no foundry of less than 2.75 per cent silicon to offer. 

This makes four Southern makers that are known to be 

again quoting a $42 base, although so far as is known only 

one has reduced the differentials for silicon contents. 



irons, including low phosphorus, which are f.o.b. furnace 

and do not include a switching charge averaging 70c per ton. 

Xorthern coke, No. 1, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 $48.25 


Xorthern coke foundry, No. 2, sil. 1.75 to 

2.25 last half «•«> 

Northern coks. No. 2 spot 46..J 

Southern coke, No. 1 foundry and No. 1 

soft, sil. 2.75 to 3.25 • $50.92 to 51.87 

Southern coke, No. 2 foundry, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 49.92 to 50.37 


Cincinnati.—The local market is extremely quiet. Few 

inquiries are being received and interest in iron for first 

half of next year has practically died out. A few sales 

for nearby delivery are being made, but these are usually 

confined to small lots. Some foundries making automobile 

castings have asked for suspensions of shipments but up to 

date the amount of resale iron coming on the market has 

been small and has been absorbed at the market prices. 

Transportation conditions have shown much improvement, 

and iron is now moving more freely. 

OLD MATERIALS 


Ironton, we quote f.o.b. Cincinnati: 

Scrap Southern Iron, coke, New York.—On sil. 1.75 to some 2.25 grades base price of scrap .. $46.50 to $47.50 

consumers Southern are coke, paying sil. 2.25 the to recent 2.75 (No increase 2 soft) . in 47.75 freight, o 48.75 while 

on the Southern other Ohio grades coke, the sil. increase 1.75 to 2.25 must (No. be 2).. borne 48.52 by to the 49.52 shipper, 

if he wishes to sell. The consumer pays in instances 

where the demand for material is good enough to enable 

brokers to obtain higher prices. Yard dealers and other 

shippers of scrap are not willing, in many instances, to

326 

ETAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 

accept lower prices for their material, f. o. b. shipping 

points. They are holding for a better demand. 

Local demand for cast scrap is good and prices are higher: 

Trices which dealers in New Vork and Brooklyn are quoting 


No. 1 machinery cast 42.50 to 43.50 

-No. 1 heavy cast (columns, building materials 


Ao. i heavy cast, not cupola size 30.00 to 31.00 

«0. 2 cast (radiators, cast boilers, etc.) 29.00 to 30.00 

Scrap Iron, Chicago.—Buying has given strength to 

heavy melting and allied grades, while the absence of activity 

in rolling mill and gray iron scrap has left prices 

dormant and in some cases weaker in those classes of material. 

There has been further buying of malleable by important 

local interests, but the highest price paid was $32.50 

per gross ton. Stove plate has advanced. 

No. 1 cast 35.00 to 35.50 


Locomotive tires, smooth 24.UO to 24.50 


last borings u 5 0 t0 14M 


(.rate bars 29.00 to 29.50 

rake shoes 26.00 to 26.50 

bailroad Malleable 28.50 to 29 (X) 

Agricultural malleable 28 00 to 2S 50 

Country mixed 17.00 to 18^00 

Scrap Iron, Pittsburgh.—Still higher prices have been 

established in the week under review on the steel works 

grades, as a result of further purchases bv United States 

Steel Corporation subsidiaries. Dealers are paving a good 

deal of attention these days to the new freight rates, because, 

up to date, they have not been able to secure price 

adjustments in contracts against which they were unable 

to complete deliveries before the new rates became effective, 

although it was through no fault of theirs that tne 

contracts were not fulfilled. 

Wc quote for deliverv to consumers' mills in the Pittsburgh 

and other districts that take Pittsburgh freight rates as follows: 

Cast iron wheels $43.00 to 44.00 

Rolled steel wheels 31.00 to 32 00 

Machine shop turnings 16.50 to 17^00 


Heavy steel axle turnings 2-1.00 to 25.00 






Per Net Ton 

Old Metals, New York-The market is quiet. Dealers' 

buying prices are nominally as follows: 





Brass, light 7.25 




Lead, heavy 7.50 to 7.75 

Lead, tea 5.00 to 5.25 

Zinc 5.25 to 5.50 

Old Metals, Chicago.—rhere is little activity in this 

market. Dealers' buying prices follow: 



Vellow brass, borings 9.00 






Tea lead 5.00 


Block tin pine 40.00 

Zinc 5.00 


Old Jletals, Boston.—Only minor changes were noticed 

in old metals although the demand shows a tendency to 

become firmer. Aluminum clemand is much improved 

with lead and zinc firm. Red metals were in rather uncertain 

demand. Dealers are nominally paying as follows: 




Heavy machine composition, red brass 14.75 to 15.25 

Composition turnings No. 1 11.50 to 12.00 





Zinc 5.25 to 5.75 

Pewter No. 1 34.00 to 36.00 

Clean cast aluminum .. 22.50 to 23.00 



BURT GLASS TOP VENTILATORS 

May be used for practically any type of building. Especially 

suitable for residences as the combination of clear light and 

fresh air they supply makes the attic useful and comfortable. 

It also improves; the air throughout the entire building. 

Ventilator may be closed easily without obstructing the light. 

Write for our latest 128-page catalog and prices 

THE BURT MANUFACTURING COMPANY 

300 Main Street, Akron, Ohio, U. S. A. 

Geo. W. Reed & Co., Montreal, Sole Manufacturers of "Burt" Ventilators for Canada


Old Rubber.—the old rubber market is weak and inactive. 


Boots and shoes 6 to 6 l A 

Trimmed Arctics 5 to 5J4 

Auto tires 2*"4 

Bicycle tires 2 

Solid tires '. 2 to 2;_ 

No. 1 inner tubes 12 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4 1 . 

Mixed red scrap - 3K to 4 

Mixed black scrap \\7. to 2 

Cotton fire hose 15. 

Garden hose _v to 1 

Old Rags.—Demand in the old rags market is fair. 

Wholesale dealers' prices are: 

No. 1 whites $10.50 to $11.00 

No. 2 whites 5.50 to 5.75 





Paper Stock.—A steady demand is reported in the 

paper stock market and prices are lower. Wholesale dealers' 

buying quotations for New York are: 


Crumpled news 1.75 


New York, September 3, 1920. 

Black anil Galvanized Sheets.—The black and galvanized 

section of the market at the mills is an exception 

to a statement already made in these pages to the effect 

that the general trend of prices downward. There has 

been a $10 advance on both black and galvanized, bringing 

black up to 7c base at the mills and 8.50c for 28-gauge. 

The more hopeful among producers are expecting a general 

advance but aside from the adjustment for freights the 

facts would not seem to warrant any increase. 

Tin Plate.—As the canning season advances there is 

more tin plate available for jobbers and local jobbers report 

better receipts. 

Copper.— The month of August was the quietest copper 

month of the year with the last week recording a low ebb 

so far as demand was concerned. There seems to be a general 

expectation in the market, that a new buying movement 

is to set in and producers are looking for a new situation. 

Zinc.— There has been some foreign buying, with the 

market more quiet and easy here. There seems to have been 

some holding off on the part of buyers in anticipation of 

lower prices but there is no disposition on the part of producers 

to give way on present quotations. 

Lead.— There is a continuation of foreign buying of 

lead but the domestic market remains quiet. Any quotations 

that have been made are for the most part but 

nominal. 

Tin.—There oas been a down offering of tin but this 

has produced little if any business as there is but light 

demand. The whole situation is rather unsatisfactory with 

consumers showing little disposition to cover or buy in any 

quantities. 

Tin I'late, Pittsburgh.—The leading interest is making 

a better showing in the matter of mill operations due 

to larger supplies of steel from its regular sources and 

because of improved car supplies has been able to largely 

reduce its mill accumulations of finished material. It has 

not, however, made much of an inroad on its obligations 

and is out of the market for business for delivery over the 

remainder of this year. Labor does not seem to be getting 

any more efficient and this is holding in check the independent 

makers in their effort to catch up with their orders. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh.—It is not generally admitted, but 

it is apparent from reports from some sources that the 

edge is off the demand and to some extent also off prices. 

While there are reports of bookings by independent makers 

at above 10c for galvanized sheets, the more general maximum 

on this kind of material is 9.50c, and the tonnage being 

entered at above 9c is not heavy. 


SATISFACTION 

300,000 

Vogel Frost Proof 


% w 



Closets. 












part of closet when not 

in operation. 

Get VOGELS 

your jobber. 


from 


Wilmington 

Delaware 

Linseed Oil.— Business in the linseed oil market is 

quiet and the tone unsettled. In lots of 5 bbl. and over, 

city raw American seed is quoted at $1.30 to $1.3.5 and 

out-of-town raw American seed is quoted at $1.30 to $1.35. 

fn lots of less than 5 bbl., 3c more per gallon is asked. 

Boiled oil brings 2c more per gallon than raw oil. 

Spirits of Turpentine.—Demand in the spirits of turpentine 

market is very light and prices have declined. In 

machine barrels in yard, wholesale price is $1.50 per gal. 

Rosin.— The tone of the rosin market is quiet and 

easier. On the basis of 280 lb. to the barrel, the wholesale 

price of common-to-good strained is $14. Grade D is $15. 

UEHLING INSTRUMENT CO., 71 Broadway, New 

York City, has just issued Bulletin No. Ill describing 

Style U Uehling CO* (carbon dioxide) equipment. 

This is a new design built in single and multiple forms, 

the latter serving any number of steam boilers simul 

taneously, up to a total of six. The purpose of this 

equipment is to save fuel by burning it with the proper 

air supply. Neglect of this factor is costing power 

plant owners heavily. Among the notable features of 

tlie new machine are speedy action, resulting from a 

new form of aspirator, absence of chemical solutions, 

greater simplicity and the unique plan of providing 

an auxiliary boiler front CO* indicator, which guides 

the fireman, while the CO recorder, installed in the 

chief engineer's or superintendent's office, makes a 

continuous (not intermittent) record showing all 

changes in boiler adjustments that are conducive to 

either waste or economy.

328 .METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 






with wide ranges in 










ALUMINUM- 

5 in 4.25 4.05 3.00 ROSIN— 

NO. 1 aluminum guaranteed over 5". in 4.90 4.50 3.50 Common to good strained (whole 

99% pure, in ingots for remelt 6 in 5.05 4.75 4.00 sale), 280 lbs., per bbl $14.00 

ing, 100-lb. lots—37 to 39c. 7 in 6.50 7.50 SHEETS— 

ANTIMONY— 




Cents per lb. 

9c to 10c Plain Round and Corrugated- No. 10, per lb 6.50-8.00 

BRASS, ROLL AND SHEET— All sizes up to 6 in 5C% No. 12, per lb 6.55-8.05 


No. 14, per lb 6.60-8.10 

BISMUTH— 




CONDUCTORS— 


Soft Steel 

Corrugated— 

Furnace Pipe and Fittings- No. 18 to 20, per lb 8.80-10.80 


Standard list..Prices on application No. 22 to 24, per lb 8.85-10.85 


No. 26, per lb 8.90-10.90 

Toncan or ingot 15% American Pig, pen lb. ..lie to U'/iC No. 27, per lb 8.95-10.95 

Copper 10% Bar. per lb 12c to 13c No. 28, per lb 9.00-11.00 

Spiral Lock Seam Pipe- METAL LATH— 

No. 29, per lb 9.05-11.05 

Galvanized 20% Under 100 sq. yd. per sq. yd. 40c No. 30, per lb 9.25-11.25 





10c higher 

(See also elbows and shoes; Lead, American White, In Oil, Wellsville Polished— 

Eaves Trough Mitres; Strainer., kegs less than 500 lbs., 15}_c 20 gauge 11.60 

Conductor.) 

Lead, White, in Oil, 25-lb. tin 22 and 24 gauge 11.70 


pails; add to keg price Y\n 26 gauge 11.80 

(See Strainers, Conductor.) Lead, Red, in Oil, less than 500 28 gauge 12.00 

COPPER— 

lbs., 15c 

Galvanized— 

Lake ingot 21-21 J/c Dry Colors- 

Cents per lb. 


Nos. 12 and 14 9.10-11.10 

Casting 19J4-20C 

Per 100 lbs., 2>4 to 5c No. 16 9.25-11.25 

COPPER SHEETS 


Nos. 18 and 20 9.40-11.40 

Hot Rolled, 24-oz. base price, per Brown, per ton $32.00 to $36.00 Nos. 22 and 24 9.25-11.55 

lb., 29"_c mill. 

Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 No. 26 9.70-11.70 


No. 27 9.85-11.85 

and over. 

Linseed City Raw ....$1.30 to $1.35 No. 28 10.00-12.00 

For less than 100-lb. lots, 2c per lb. Linseed, Boiled, advance, per No. 30 10.50-13.00 

advance. 

gal 2c No. 28 and lighter, 36 in. wide, 

Colled Rolled, 2c 14 and heavier Out of Town American Seed 

20c higher 

per lb. advance over hot rolled. at $1.30 to $1.35 Corrugated Roofing—Galvanized— 



2J_ in. corrugations, 30 per 100 lbs. 

long 48 in. In Machine Bbl $1.50 over flat sheets. 

and to PUTTY— 

Corrugated Roofing—Paintedless 

96.in. Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c Prices quoted on application. 

sq. ft. sq. ft. In 1-lb to 5-lb. tins, 6.00 to 7.35c 2 




Planished, 1J.C per sq. ft. more White Japan or Electro plate and 



Bottom, Pitts and Flats, 24 oz. Wall Frames 20% 



larger 40% 

long 


and Over Base Board Intakes 20% 

less 96.in. White Enameled Goods 5% 

sq. ft. sq. ft. Solid Brass or Bronze Goods, ex 

20 in. wide and under 5c 6c cept Grilles Net 

Over 20 in. to 48 in. wide 6c 7c Grilles in Black and White Japan 

Over 48 in. wide 7c 8c or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain 







EAVES TROUGH MITERS— 1-Ply Tarred Paper, per ton, 


$102.00 




ELBOWS- 


NO. 1 No. 2 No. 3 


4 in $4.00 $3.90$ 2.75 


4". in 4.10 3.95 2.85 



1 Prices of Solder indicated by 

private brands very according to 

composition. 




5-lb. cans, each $3.00 


Gallon $1.25 




gal $1.75 




per lb. 


4c per lb. 


2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 

Copper $2.80 $3.75 $5.75 $9.00 dz. 

Galv 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 dz. 








IC, 14x20 $16.50 

IX, 14 x 20 18.75 

IXX, 14 x 20 20.50 

IXXX, 14 x 20 22.25 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 


IC, 14 x 20 $14.25 

IX, 14 x 20 16.25 

IXX, 14 x 20 18.00 

IXXX, 14x20 19.75 

IXXXX. 14 x 20 21.50 



>_-in. Corrugation 

80-lb $11.80 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

90-lb 11.90 

No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

100-lb 12.00 

No. 26, per 100 sq. ft. 

IC 12.25 

No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

IX 13.25 


IXX 14.25 

F. O. B. cars. Quarry Station. IXXX 15.25 





No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 IC. 14 x 20 9.50 




Vermont— 


STORM-PROOF 



Red 22.00 30-lb. Coating 13.50 

Maine— 



M. F. Grade 13.50 

is the Ventilator No. 1 with a constant $14.00 40-lb Coating 15.00 


STRONG, 40-lb. roll STEADY 2.25 Per PULL lb. in 5-lb. bags 22c 

SOLDER— outward of impure air, ZINC etc. SHEETS— 

1 

-• to J. guaranteed 38c Western Slabs 10-llc 

ROYALS VENTILATE FROM THE 

No. 1 35c Sheets GROUND No. 9 base UP casks 14J.C 

quickly removing Refined all foul air, gases, 30c etc., supplying instead Pure, 


Patented 

THE ROYAL 


The ROYAL, is built for DURABILITY and HIGHEST efficiency. 





ROYAL VENTILATOR COMPANY 

420 LOCUST STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.




FLORAL PARK, N. Y., SETEMBER 10, 1920. 



Copyright 1920 by tlie Arcliitectuial 


THE PATO TTHAT LEADS 

VOLUME fit, No. 11 

TO MONEY (N THE BANK 

Do Not Overlook These Things —They Are the Mickles 

That Make the Muckle—There Are No Exceptions 

Editor's Note—Whether you have, been 

in business for 10 years or for 2 months, 

the suggestions contained in these articles, 

uf which this is the second, made by men 

who have been ihrough the mill and have 

profited by Iheir experiences, ought to interest 

you. This is a sample of thi' kind of 

aid you will obtain by making a habit of 

reading the paper weekly. 

W E L L bought is half sold" is a good and true 

saying. But to overbuy just because tempting 

prices are offered is foolish. Buy so that a 

good variety is secured. Even if the discounts are not 

so good and the express charges amount to more in 

buying little and often, it is the safe 

Purchasing game to play. A few months' experience 

Wisely shows the quantity of goods that can be 

counted upon as sure to be sold. The 

shop with all its fittings bins half full is better 

equipped to do business than with some of them 

empty and the rest overflowing. 

Study the purchasing power of tlie people you are 

asking for business. If they are round front enameled 

iron lavatory people don't stock up on solid 

porcelain. At the same time don't be afraid to recommend 

a high-grade article if there is any possible 

chance of selling it. If there is a showroom, show a 

real good fixture or set of fixtures and one of the standard 

type that sells freely to every user. Then if the 

possibilities are there you will miss no chances. 

Even if one cannot make an imposing display, at 

least an attractive one can be made. Spotless 

ware looks best. An hour or two in 

thc week will keep everything in the store 

looking its best. Keep it clean. Sweep 

and dust the place yourself if you cannot 

get anyone else to do it. 

Provide a place for everything and insist 

on tilings being kept in their places. Get 

thc best too] equipment you ean afford. 

Keep a cheek on the tools so that you know 

if any of them have been left on jobs. It's 

•asy to lose them. Make it easy to find them again. 

Keep ., a proper cliarge and credit system for all 

atcrials taken out either on contract or day work. 

Don't let a single item of merchan- 

Your dise go out until it has been charged 

Bookkeeping to the job it is going to. Credit 

what comes back and you cannot 

lose. Keep a proper record of all expense on your 

jobs. Charge it as it is incurred. Don't wait until 

the job is finished before entering incidental expenses. 

Find out what every contract job costs you. File 

the cost sheets so that you can compare them when 

other jobs of a similar nature arc to be estimated. 

Vou always can measure the material required for any 

job, large or small, but the element that requires 

judgment is that of labor and expense in handling. 

The closer you keep account of your costs the closer 

you will be able to figure them. 

Your first year gives you something definite to work 

on. Until then you must assume that it costs you as 

much as the other shops of your class to do business. 

The overhead costs in plumbing, sheet metal and heat-

330 METAL WORKER, PLUMB 

Kit AND STEA.M F I T T E R SEPTEMBEB 10, 1920 

ing shops in the country, with volumes of business ean. run If you collect closely, you can make money by 

ning from $10,000 to $30,000 average'about 23 per 

taking discounts. If your standing at 

cent, on the sales. Use this figure until you know defi Taking the bank is good, it may pay you to 

nitely what your percentage is. Add to it Your borrow now and again to take discounts. 

The the amount you desire to make. If you Discounts But if you borrow, then meet your notes 

Inventor)) find that when your first inventory is 

on time or before. Accommodation 

taken, you have earned more than you loans are easier to secure when the bank knows that 

set out to, you can be assured that you are conducting the borrower's word is good. 

your business as efficiently a.s the average shop. If you Employ the best men )'ou can get. It pays. Let 

can conduct it at lower cost, you are better situated to them understand that your policy is to do the best 

get business in competition and earn a profit on it. If work that can be done; that even if a customer is 

you have not earned what you expected, it is time to fussy, he must have courteous treatment and that you 

make a close inspection of your costs so as to find out want your customers to like the men as well as the 

why they arc higher than the average. 

work you do. When they find that cus- 

After your first inventory make a statement of your Your tomers call for them they will be as 

costs every 3 months and check up. Set a mark for Workmen well pleased as you should be. If you 

your annual business. If you have done $40,000 and Your find that a good and competent workworth 

of business the first year try to get $.5,000 Customers man has failed to make a hit with a 

worth the second. But do not get it by sacrificing 

customer do not take it for granted that 

your profit. Thc overhead cost will not be reduced he has been careless or that the customer is a sore 

thereby. But you will soon find that the profit will head. If possible, go yourself and find out the reason 

be reduced. 

for the dissatisfaction. Probably some mannerism 

Pay no attention to the prices quoted by your com offended the customer. You almost always can 

petitors. Your costs are not theirs. If you cannot smooth over the difficulty and next time send another 

take jobs on your figures so as to make a profit let man. 

them go, and look for others. You'll Send out bills promptly. Send a statement at the 

Making lose less that way. If, meantime, you first of each month and state your credit terms plainly 

I our Prices are making a reputation for good serv- on the statement. At least give your customers an 

Right ice you will find the others without opportunity to pay on time. If tbey do not, it is 

trouble. Sometimes those shops which time to explain that you expect prompt attention to 

try to grab off all the work at keen prices are so 

your requests just as much as they do to 

filled up with it and so much engaged in trvirig to Collecting their orders. If you find it more conget 

out of it with whole skins that they have no time Your venient to collect by mail, use your own 

to look after the more profitable kind. 

Bills letters rather than the cut-and-dried col 

You will come in some days with a grouch on. Try 

lection service kind. Your knowledge 

to keep it to yourself. If customers seem to be un of your customers will enable you to approach them 

reasonable try your best to meet them according to their standing, characteristics and habits 

Controlling civilly at least. Think what you like with letters suited to the case. A stereotyped appeal 

I our about them but don't say it. It takes or request may receive only a passing thought. One 

Disposition two to make a quarrel. The one who that hits the recipient squarely according to his type 

can keep cool always comes out best. generalh' brings home the money. 

This is easier to advise than to practice; but never Use good stationery. Be businesslike in making 

mind, try it. 

agreements. Specify conditions clearly when making 

Try to be courteous to every salesman who call on contracts. Do not give discounts indiscriminately. 

you. He is not a criminal even if he wants to take Make your prices uniform. Arrive at them by mark 

up your time when you don't need any- 

ing up the profit you desire on top of the 

Your thing and are busier than a dog with In percentage it costs to conduct your busi- 

Treatment fleas. Very likely he may be able to General ness. Do not be afraid to place tliese 

of Salesmen do vou a favor some time and almost al 

prices on your goods but quote the same 

ways he can tell yon something that it price to every customer. A concession to one makes 

would pay you to know. If you cannot give him an dissatisfaction to another if he hears about it and too 

order, tell him so pleasantly and he will count vou often the bargain hunter is fond of boasting about his 

as a good fellow at least. And it is a good policy to good buying. 

have everyone possible think well of you. 

Read trade papers. They are the best buyers' di 

If an agent for a credit rating house asks some rectory you can find. Watch the advertising and you 

questions which you think are none of his business, will be well posted on the progress of your trade. 

remember that you are asking business houses to trust Read the market pages, the descriptions of new goods, 

you with tlieir money and that they are entitled to 

the current articles on installation of all 

know how much protection they are going to have. When euipment you are interested in. Then, 

Credit does not always go according to financial stand 1 ou Are when a customer comes in and asks vou 

ing. Honesty, character and the keeping of promises at Home about some specialty that he has seen ad 

get the high ratings. Never ignore a letter asking for 

vertised in a popular magazine or has seen 

payment of an overdue bill. If you cannot meet it on in operation somewhere, you can demonstrate vour 

time, explain why and say when you can meet it. familiarity with it, and nine times out of ten get his 

Then do so by hook or by crook and you will have no order. 

trouble in getting credit. 

You cannot sit back and rest on your laurels even 

Take advantage yourself of discounts whenever vou if you have been a cracker-jack journeyman and are

SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 M E T A L WORK E R , P L U M B E R A N I) S T E A M F I T T E R 

well known in your community. People expect to 

be told of new goods and improved methods. The 

trade papers are the mediums in which you 

Reading will find them. Get the wrappers off and 

Trade study the inside after business hours 

Papers when you have time to do it properly. Get 

interested in them. Contribute to them occasionally. 

Your experience may be of great value to 

others in the trade. And in giving what you know you 

are doing yourself good. It comes back to 

some shape or form eventuallv. 

you in 

Storage Shed for Pipe 

or Conduit 1 

MethodV Constructing Convenient Rack for 

Storing Sizes Infrequently Used 

By CHARLES F. KERNAN 

A S H E D of economical construction for the storage 

of wrought-iron pipe or conduit is shown in Fig. 

1. Such a rack can be built by any of the mechanics 

around an establishment at odd times when 

they would be doing nothing if not thus working at 

odd jobs. It is particularly convenient for storingtubes 

of the infrequently used sizes, of whicli but small 

quantities are carried in stock. With the pipes stored 

properly in the shed, each size has a "pigeon hole," as 

it were, and a workman can go to the rack and at once 

pull out a length of the diameter he desires. 

MATERIALS USED 

Yellow pine sticks, 5x5 in., are used for the upright 

posts. For the cross bars, 1-in. iron pipes or 

conduits are utilized. As will be noted, the rack consists 

of five units. Each unit comprises five 5x5 

uprights and the iron pipe cross bars. After the five 

units were assembled they were erected to a vertical 

position and then braced with two ] /4 x 1%-in. strap 

iron bars, wliich were arranged diagonally as shown. 

When first erected, the rack need not be roofed. 

Later, a roof composed mainly of boards from large 

(jacking boxes and sheathed over with buildhu 

may be applied. 

paper 

Construction in Many Lines Retarded 

Testimony offered at the hearings before the 

Cnited States Interstate Commerce Commission on the 

'Copyright—All Rights Reserved. 

?x4* ?2* 9 J_,__ &"/3xS' ''TctrPapero. 

WWlZA\ 

DETAILS OK STORAGE SHED 

k 

331 

application of the railroads for increased freight rates 

has made it clear that it is not only houses for workmen 

but construction work of all kinds that has suffered 

from the prevailing high cost of materials and 

labor. 

According to a general consensus of opinion as 

expressed in engineering and railroad journals, we are 

nearer ten years than five years behind in many lines 

of engineering work. 

Few of the states have taken full advantage of 

the Federal appropriation for good roads. Waterpower 

development is far behind the natural growth 

which, under normal conditions, would have resulted 

from the demands of industry and the needs of communities 

for electric lighting and power, but for the 

deterring effect of exorbitant first costs. Inland 

waterways for the transportation of slow and heavy 

freights exist, for the most part only on paper. 

Worst of all is the inadequacy of the country's 

railroad mileage. One of the busiest railroads of the 

country has issued a statement to its customers to the 

effect that its operation is hampered by the number 

of cars being handled at the same time" on its tracks 

—in otlier words, on that line, and doubtless on mainothers, 

the shortage of roadbed and tracks is fully as 

great a handicap to efficient transportation as is the 

shortage of cars. 

Two conclusions are being drawn from these facts: 

First, that there is due a new impulse to industry, 

bringing in a new period of prosperity, in the great 

era of extensive and highly necessary construction 

work that lies just ahead; and, second, that an abundant 

supply of common labor is the need of the hour 

and the key to the industrial situation to-day.—Indus 

trial News Survey. 

NATIONAL CITY BANK, New York, issues statement 

to effect that manufactures continue outstanding feature 

of this country's foreign trade. They form 52 

per cent, of U. S. exports in current calendar year 

.and in May and June were 56 per cent as compared 

with 43 per cent in corresponding months of 1919. 

Estimated total value of manufactures exported from 

this country in 1.920 will not only be largest it bas 

ever recorded but will substantially exceed $.,000,- 

000,000. In 1911 calendar year they amounted to a 

,ittle more than $1,000,000,000. 

Metal Roof- 

I'OR WROUGHT 

10-0 

11-Side Elevation 

I'IPE OR CONDUIT

332 t METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM F I TT E R SKI .EMDEH 10, 1920 

The History and Evolution of Bath Tubs 

How the First Bath Tuh Was Regarded hy Public 

Its Importance to the Man of the Present Day 

HISTORY contains ludicrous as well as important 

facts of the days when our ancestors flourished. 

We may smile at what our ancestors did and 

thought, even as our successors a few generations 

hence may smile at what we are doing and saying and 

thinking. How true it is that history contains the 

ludicrous is in the story of the introduction and rise 

of the bath tub. To-day we esteem it a necessity. But 

our forefathers, not so many years ago, raged over its 

introduction and denounced it as an invention of the 

devil to pester and destroy the human race. 

INTRODUCTION OF BATH IN UNITED STATES 

That patrician, George Washington, did not know a 

bath tub as we know it, nor did the sage of Monticello, 

Thomas Jefferson, nor even Andrew Jackson. Those 

boys, if the truth were known, probably dragged out 

the old tin tub on Saturday night and "took theirs" 

just like the rest of the crowd. 

One reads of the wonderful baths of Rome and the 

reading does sound good, but somewhere between then 

and the sixteen hundreds there must have been an 

awful slip in cleanliness, for in tliose good old London 

days when Sam Pepys, the original diary writer, was 

cutting up, things were pretty dirty—and no bath 

tubs. In fact, in the majority of places "over there" 

the bath tub is yet a novelty and in its infancy. 

The first bath tub in the United States was installed 

in the home of Adam Thompson, of Cincinnati, Ohio. 

on December 20, 1812. It was a large mahogany box 

lined with sheet lead. Its owner was extremely proud 

of it because at his Christmas party he exhibited it 

to his guests and explained its use and purpose. He 

had some curious guests and gave four of them an 

opportunity to have a Christmas bath in the new 

household convenience. And the bath tub got two 

columns in the city newspapers the next day, in which 

it was denounced as an epicurean luxury, undemocratic, 

out of harmony with the simplicity of the day. 

Leading medical men denounced it as dangerous to 

health. The controversy spread. 

Philadelphia in 1843 sought to prohibit by ordinance 

bathing from November to March 15, but it 

lacked two votes. Virginia laid a state lax of $30 per 

years on bath tubs. Hartford, Providence, Charles- 

Ion and Wilmington quadrupled water charges to owners 

of bath tubs. In ISIS Boston made bathing unlawful, 

save on medical advice, but was unable to enforce 

the ordinance. It was repealed in 1862. 

The bath tub was introduced to real fame when 

President Millard Fillmore installed one in the While 

House. He had tried the bath tub in Cincinnati in 

1850 when he was touring the country and liked it. 

The first bath tubs were wooden boxes lined with 

•President of the American Sociely of Sanitary 

Engineering 

BY WILLIAM C. GROENIGER* 

sheet lead and later with copper. The box-lined bath 

tub was gradually replaced by the porcelain enameled 

iron and solid porcelain ware. The copper bath tub 

has passed and is now prohibited by sanitary regulations. 

Enameled cast iron and porcelain ware of 

many designs and free from dirt catching corners 

took their place. 

The shower is gradually replacing the bath tub as 

being more sanitary and desirable. In gymnasiums, 

hotels and Other places used by the public the sliower 

finds much favor. Shower heads with a stream pointing 

at an angle of '45 deg. have become very popular 

and permits of bathing any part of the body. Particularly 

does this type of shower construction appeal 

to the women folk as it gives all the benefits of the 

shower without necessarily wetting the head. 

It was our privilege to introduce a great many 

shower baths into hospitals, orphanages, refugee hostels 

and refugee camps in Jerusalem, Palestine, as 

part of the human sterilizing mills whicli eradicated 

vermin and gave men, women and children clean 

bodies, clean clothes and a new lease on life. Manv 

of these people were refugees for 4. years in a country 

where water rationing was necessary at times to con- 

(Continued on Page 3.1)

SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 M E T A L WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 333 

You Bet To-Day s Plumber Is Progressive 

Plumhing Craft Is Keeping Pace with Times 

and Here Are Some Instances to Prove II 

BY WILLIAM HUTTON 

T H E best answer to the question of Neal A. Egan, 

in the issue of July 23, "Are plumbers to-day as 

progressive as 20 years ago?" is the present-day 

catalog of plumbing fixtures. Any one of the leading 

manufacturers' catalogs, the Standard Sanitary Manufacturing 

Co.'s, for instance, shows such an advance 

in design and practical utility of the goods illustrated 

that even a novice can see that plumbers are keeping 

pace with any other craft in improving the quality 

of their products. 

Twenty years ago the plumbing fixtures were taking 

the modern form. Their practical merits were 

there but their artistic merits were questionable. Look 

up any of the old catalogs and see if you would select 

one of the highly ornamented closet bowls or bathtubs 

then in vogue. Look at the design of the waste 

and supply fittings and compare them with some of 

the graceful yet sturdy articles shown in to-day's 

catalogs. 

PLUMBING GOODS MUCH IN ADVANCE 

Do not think that all of the credit for this improvement 

is due the manufacturer. He is entitled to his 

share but the fact that the plumber's taste is responsible 

for slow or fast movers and slow movers are 

dropped from the line must not be forgotten. So 

much for the actual goods we are offering for sale. 

Certainly they are just as much in advance of the 

models of 1900 as the present-day automobile is in 

advance of the one-lunger of that period. 

Coming to practice, simplification is sometimes an 

improvement. In mechanics it almost always is desirable. 

Twenty years ago we were so fully convinced 

of the necessity of venting everything that 

perhaps it was much overdone. The movement back 

is a sign of a desire to progress rather than a desire 

to lower the quality of the work. If we can attain 

the same results with less effort, it is right to do so. 

Experiments will prove, the worth of the ideas put 

forth during the last year or two and a proper balance 

surely will be struck. 

The advance in scientific methods of sewage disposal 

within the period named cannot be disputed. 

How many plumbers then knew anything about septic 

tanks or any otlier method than a cesspool or a tile 

drain leading to they knew not whither ? 

What about water supply systems for small residences 

and institutions ? How many plumbers then 

thought that a complete lighting and water supply 

plant could be installed by their men and that they 

would be handling this class of business in such a 

matter of fact way ? 

What about all the little refinements we now can 

offer to make the plunibing installation almost selfacting, 

the temperature controllers, automatic water 

heaters, flushing appliances, the numerous things 

which as a matter of fact have been devised by work 

ing plumbers and perfected by manufacturers because 

of the demand created by the plumber? 

What about the improved tools we are using today? 

Do you remember that four-armed die stock, 

for instance ? 

Who can read the Proceedings of the National Association 

of Master Plumbers for the last 10 years or 

so and deny that a spirit of progress unexcelled by 

any other craft is shown? 

When did the master plumber begin to be a real 

business man ? What percentage of master plumbers 

20 years ago knew anything about the cost of conducting 

a business or of merchandising at all? How 

many of them could tell from their books whether their 

contracts were returning a profit or showing a loss ? 

What does the valuable movement now in full swing 

and known as the Trade Extension Bureau represent 

and how many otlier crafts have anything at all ap 

proaching it in big-thinking and far-sighted business 

policy? Here's to the plumber of to-daj'. He is twice 

the man his father was and father would be game 

enough to admit it if he had to do business under 

present conditions. 

WHAT A CHICAGO SANITARIAN SAVS ON THE SUBJECT 

Thomas J. Claffy, assistant chief of the Bureau 

of Sanitation, Chicago, writes in reference to closet 

flanges as follows:. 

In the July 23 issue of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER 

AND STEAM FITTER appeared a short article by Neal 

A. Egan in which he wonders if the plumber of to-day 

is as progressive as he was 20 years ago, and in which 

he criticizes the water-closet connection to the soil 

pipe. 

A great deal has been accomplished in the past 25 

years in the plumbing business; in fact, so much that 

it has been raised from a mere trade to a scientific 

engineering profession. 

A practical engineer has proved his mettle again 

in a recent controversy over the use of so-called anti 

siphon traps, and I believe will continue to hold his 

own in anv other field into which the controversy may 

lead. 

Many attempts have been made to solve the prob 

Lin of making a proper connection between earthenware 

fixtures, such as closets and metal pipes, all of 

which are more, or less unsatisfactory. Many types 

of gaskets have been devised, but it appears that putty 

has been depended upon very largely to make such a 

joint tight. To-day, it is nearly impossible to get 

real putty so that the man of the street is denied the 

possibility of making a joint tight with that old 

standby. 

Rubber and leather as materials for gaskets for 

such purposes have proved to be unsatisfactory, and 

most plumbing ordinances prohibit their use. Asbestos 

fiber gaskets have been on the market for several

331. METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM F1T T E R SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 

years, and have not given that degree of satisfaction 

which was expected of them. Other materials of a 

more or less composite nature have been on the market, 

one or two of which may give a greater amount 

of satisfaction than anything else we know of at the 

present time. 

Much has been claimed for a metal to metal connection, 

but it has not met with that universality of 

adoption whieh obtains in tbe use of an article that is 

obviously practicable. It is more or less difficult. 

in fact quite difficult, to get a suitable material that 

may be used as a gasket in an earthenware to metal 

joint. Metal for such a gasket must necessarily lu- 

soft and pliable and yet bave sufficient resiliency to 

meet expansion and contraction, or to fill up irregu 

larities between two surfaces. 

One must admit that the ideal gasket for a closet 

connection should be of a metallic substance that 

would meet the above requirements and still be proof 

against the destructive agencies in sewer air. 

The more general use of the wall-hung closet will 

undoubtedly bring into the field a satisfactory gasket 

for the reason that any leak that may occur at a closet 

connection will at once be in evidence and demand im 

mediate attention. 

The National Bureau of Standardization of Plumb 

ing Materials will undoubtedly go into this subject 

very shortly and with the potters in co-operation, some 

real good will be accomplished. A gasket that will insure 

a tight joint without danger of breaking earthen 

ware closet flanges .-ind that will remain tight, is the 

one the trade is seeking. That is the kind the potters 

will eventually furnish witb their closet bowls. 

Illinois Railroads Win First Round in 

Two-Cent Fare Controversy 

Judges F. E. Baker, F. E. Geiger and G. W. English 

of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals, sitting 

en bane in Chicago on August 24, issued a temporarv 

injunction restraining the state publie utilities 

commission from enforcing the railroad passenger rate 

of 2 cents a mile authorized by the statute of 1907. 

Recently the railroads, citing the $600,000,000 wage 

award granted their employes, petitioned the utilities 

commission for an increase in the intrastate passenger 

rates in conformity with that granted by the interstate 

commerce commission. The utilities commission, in 

denying this, ruled that tbe roads automatically go 

back to the 2-cent rate on September 1. when they 

finally emerge from federal control. 

It was a surprise, as it bad been expected the bearings 

would consume considerable time. 

In granting the injunction, Judge Baker said: 

"W'e have heard sufficient evidence to show a 2-cent 

rate would be confiscatory, inasmuch as tbe interstate 

commerce commission has ruled tbat a rate of 3.0 

cents a mile is necessary for the railroads to operate 

on a business basis." 

This victory cheered the roads in preparation for 

their second rate fight with the state, which conies before 

the interstate commerce commission on September 

8. On that date Commissioner McChord will hear the 

application of the roads for increases in both passenger 

and freight rates. The Illinois commission has refused 

the increases and the government body is going 

into the matter on an application asking relief from 

the regulations of the state body. 

Increases of 10 per cent on freight traffic and 20 

per cent on passenger traffic between ports on the 

Great Lakes were authorized by tbe Cnited States 

shipping board recently. The increases may be made 

effective on one day's notice, not hater than January 

1, 1921. It is understood the carriers will increase the 

rates at once in accord with the decision. 

Home of a Progressive Business 

The accompanying reproduction of the exterior of 

the new shop of Henry Janssen, Round Lake, 111., 

shows a modern structure 1 10 x 64 ft. and affords 

SHOP OE HENRY JANSSEN, ROUND LAKE, ILL. 

ample space for Mr. Janssen's progressive activities. 

He believes in knowing what the farmer wants and 

acts on th.at belief by having what the farmer wants 

when he wants it. In other words, Mr. Janssen is 

one of the real live men of his territory, a capable 

mechanic and commands a prosperous business. 

British Attitude Towards Cancellations 

Cancellations are not confined to this country as is 

shown by a report from Nottingham, England, that 

British lace and hosiery manufacturers and exporters 

have become concerned over tbe large number of or 

ders cancelled by foreign firm's. The Nottingham 

Lace Exporters' Association, which represents the lace 

export trade of the countrv, recently decided that no 

member of the association should hereafter accept any 

cancellation or orders without the special permission 

of .a committee for the purpose of investigation. 

This means, according to Consul Calvin M. Hitch, 

that should a customer decline to accept goods, after 

having placed an order, he will not be permitted to 

purchase goods from any other member of the asso 

ciation until he bas complied with his contract. The 

hosiery trade is considering similar action. There is 

no disposition here to imitate these English methods, 

but it is believed that the time is opportune to empha 

size and stabilize trade ethics which make for fundamental 

soundness in business.

SBPTEMBEB 10, 1920 M E T A L W ORK K R , P L V M B E I! A N I) S T l_ A M F I T T E it 

Effect of Standardization on Small 

Plumbers 

Some Vital Points to Be Carefully Considered 

by the Committee of the National Association 

BY SUBURBAN PLUMBER 

F R O M what I have heard of tbe work of the Standardization 

Conimittee, composed of niembers of 

National Association of Master Plumbers and 

manufacturers and jobbers of plumbing and allied materials, 

I judge tliere will be some valuable results. 

But from what I hear also, there seems to be a strong 

possibility that the plumber is due to stand some loss 

in the adjustment. 

For instance, if it is decided to make only extra 

heavy soil pipe, the thousands of stocks of standard 

fittings will have to go to the scrap heap and the loss 

will be a serious one. Even if the change is made 

gradually the loss will be heavy, for in ever}' plumber's 

stock there are slow-moving fittings which nevertheless 

have to be carried. The gain is all on the side 

of the manufacturer who can cut down the number of 

patterns and amount of stock to be carried and the 

jobber who will then only have to carry one stock of 

pipe and fittings. 

It is not the plumber in cities where extra heavy 

pipe is specified by law who is to be the loser, but the 

small-town plumber who has found standard pipe satisfactorv 

in every way for the class of work he does. 

And another phase is the extra cost and needless 

weight of the pipe and fittings for small jobs. 

Then we are told that there is an intention to stop 

making 4 and 4l/o-ft. bath tubs. This also will mean 

a hardship to those who have been following the 

widelv given advice to dig up business in old houses 

and who, like ourselves, have found their chief business 

in such work during the last few years. In this 

town new building has been unknown for about 4 

years, yet we have succeeded in selling a very considerable 

number of bath tubs and probably half of 

them have been sizes other than 5 ft. because of the 

difficulty in getting proper space to set them. 

These and several other features of the move toward 

standardization are worthy of discussion before definite 

decision is arrived at, but no one seems interested 

enough to start it. 

Possibly tliere is information which may make the 

bogey seem less frightful and, if so, I would be glad 

to hear from those who can give it. 

OPINION OF HEAD OF CHICAGO SANITARY DEPARTMENT 

The following comment is from Thomas J. Claffy, 

assistant chief of the Department of Health, Chicago: 

The comments by the Suburban Plumber on what 

standardization may do to harm the small plumber 

brings to mind the fact that this is a question that 

affects everyone, and it is being given serious consideration 

by those whose business is confined to rural 

communities. 

33.5 

This change was suggested in the original draft of 

a scheme of standardization and was the subject of 

considerable discussion in the various sessions held by 

the National Standardization Bureau. It was realized 

then, and is now, that this is one of the very large 

features presented in the process of standardization 

••md to a man up a tree, it appears that no change is 

contemplated immediately. 

Even though such a proposition were voted down, 

the mere fact of its being presented for consideration 

and discussion is evidence that some people have been 

giving thought to the matter of the conservation of 

pipe materials and that more serious thought will be 

given to such a subject from now on. 

WAY TO REDUCE SOME COSTS 

The breakage on standard pipe is excessive. A 

great portion of this loss is charged against extra 

heavy pipe, we are told, and if standard pipe were 

eliminated and only extra heavy manufactured, it is 

believed there would be a material reduction in its 

cost as compared with present-day rates. 

A great percentage of breakage in standard pipe is 

in the foundry and the shipping and handling, but a 

far greater percentage of this breakage than is readily 

admitted occurs in the installation process. Sucli pipe 

can be successfully installed only by a very skilled 

mechanic. In the hands of inexperienced people there 

would be an excessive amount of broken pipes, hubs 

and split fittings with consequent leaks in the system. 

It is just as important to have a plumbing system 

made tight in order to avoid nuisance in farmers' 

dwellings or in suburbanites' homes a.s it is in the 

homes, offices or factories of tlie people in large cities 

and towns. Life, health and physical welfare are ju.st 

as important in one place as in the other. In cities 

and towns where an inspection service is provided, 

tliere is some possibility of having installations made 

in accordance with proper standards. 

This is not true in the rural communities because 

of the lack of inspection service, and also beeause of 

the greater ignorance and lack of skill on the part of 

those who make the installations. It must be remembered 

that there are many mail-order houses catering 

exclusively to the rural trade ; that the farmer and the 

villager iii manv cases make their own installations 

and that thev arc totally unskilled .and entirely ignorant 

of the purposes of vents and traps and the 

possibility of nuisance from improper installations, 

defective materials, etc. Consequently, the standards 

of pipe fittings and materials, fixtures, installation. 

etc.. should be so fixed that the possibility of nuisance 

(Continued on Page 337)

336 METAL WORKER, PLCMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBEB 10, 1920 


Comprehensive Information of the Factors 


to Heating Buildings 

BY EDWARD E. PARKER 

PART XIII 

IN the heating of a great majority of buildings, the 

cast-iron radiator has become a necessity. Owing 

to the freedom with which the air circulates around 

it, wall coils are more effective, foot for foot, than 

radiators, but they occupy valuable wall space and 

are considered by some as unsightly. Attempts have 

been made to hide them behind perforated screens, but 

that has not been a success, as it is difficult to keep 

FIG. 31- -FITTING FOR SUPPLY AND RETURN CONNECTION 

AT SAME END OF RADIATOR 

them clean. They soon become covered with a thick 

layer of fluffy dust which prevents the passing air 

from coming into immediate contact with their surface 

and robs them of the greater portion of their ef 

fectiveness. 

A radiator puts the surfaee necessary to heat the 

room into as compact a form as possible. It is easy 

to move, to repair and to change in size if required. 

In this respect, radiators that go together with right 

and left nipples are more convenient to handle than 

those joined by push nipples. Radiators with too 

much convex surface are objectionable, as thev hold 

too much water and do not respond quickly to the 

action of the fire. They are most effective when the 

spaces between the sections are so large that the air 

will circulate freely through the radiator. Low radi 

ators are more efficient than high ones and single 

columns than double column, as eaeh additional row 

of columns takes away some of the effectiveness from 

the row of columns behind it. 

In locating radiators it is desirable that thev be set 

on the cold side of the room, but many years' experience 

has convinced the writer that this is not so essential 

as has been supposed. In residence work, the 

one place to put a radiator so as to make it absolutely 

satisfactory is where the mistress of the liouse wants 

it. A woman always knows how she would like to 

have her furniture arranged and is never satisfied with 

any radiator arrangement that will interfere with this 

scheme. 

Low radiators under the windows in the principal 

rooms on the main floor are very effective and will be 

generally approved. In chambers, a radiator in the 

corner of the room where two outside walls come to 

gether is seldom satisfactory because there is usually 

a window in each of these walls and between them the 

natural location for a dressing case. 

The fitter should avoid, as far as possible, puttingradiators 

into situations wliich will require the risers 

to be run in outside walls, owing to tlie liability of 

freezing when the radiator is shut off. When it is 

absolutely necessary to do this, it is wise to connect 

the flow and return pipes together below the radiator 

by means of a %-in. by-pass, so that there will always 

be a circulation of hot water through the risers. 

All radiators above the main floor should be tapped 

so that the flow and return pipes may be connected to 

the same end of the radiator. This saves labor and 

material. It enables roughing in to be done with certainty 

as it removes the connections liable to cause 

mistakes in measurement. It does away with most of 

the underfloor connections, and the need for cutting 

Hoor timbers. With this arrangement the size of the 

radiator may be changed at any time without tearing 

up the floor or making any change in the piping. It 

is of value also in restricted floor spaces, as the elimination 

of one end connection permits the use of a 

larger radiator than could be used with regular 

tappings. 

If there is any objection to the appearance of the 

J i l l 

FIG. 32 DIRECT CONNECTIONS FOR INDIRECT HAU1ATOR 

How pipe rising far enough above the floor to enter 

the top opening of the radiator, most radiator manufacturers 

will make it a point to order radiators with 

the flow and return connections tapped in side by 

side at the bottom of the radiator. This is commonly 

known as a "C" tapping, and is shown in Fig. 30. 

The How pipe may enter either opening and the 

circulation will be as good as if the flow and return 

pipes were attached to the opposite ends of the radiator. 

No diaphragm or any other contrivance inside 

>Ae radiator is necessary as there is no tendency for

SEPTEMBEH 10, 1920 M E T A L WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM UTTER 

the two streams of water to mix. This style of tapping 

has been used successfully by a small number of 

fitters for many years but, as no one has been interested 

in advertising it extensively, the trade as a whole 

has never awakened to its advantages, and those who 

would like to use it are deterred by the fact that the 

demand is so small that the radiator manufacturers 

do not feel warranted in keeping them in stock and 

buyers are obliged to await shipment from the factor}'. 

A combination union elbow, valve and fitting which 

accomplishes the same result, by putting the flow and 

the return water in and out of the radiator through 

a single 2-in. hole in the bottom of tbe radiator, has 

been put on the market by several makers. The 

cheapest, neatest and most satisfactory solution of 

the problem is tlie use of the sort of Y fitting, shown 

in Fig. 31. The large end has a 2-in. thread, while. 

the two other openings .are tapped for %-in. connections 

and are for .the valve and the union elbow 

FIG. 30 RADIA 

TOR TAPPED FOR 

SUPPLV AND RE 

TURN AT SAV 

END 

r M,. 33 DIRECT-INDIRECT RA 

DIATOR AIR SUPPLY 

to screw into. Only one size is necessary as these 

connections are big enough for any radiator. 

INDIRECT AND DIRECT-INDIRECT RADIATION 

Where the radiator is intended to heat the air in 

the room in which it stands, it is known as direct 

radiation. But when it is intended to heat the air 

from the outside and introduce it fresh into the build 

ing, it is called either indirect or direct-indirect radiation. 

Indirect radiation consists of radiator sections 

of peculiar shape, assembled into a stack and hung 

upon iron supports to the floor timbers in the cellar 

beneath the room to be heated, the top of tin- radiator 

being 10 or 12 in. below the ceiling. It is then 

encased in a metal box which is carried 6 or S in. 

below the bottom of the radiator. The casing should 

extend beyond the inlet end about C in. and have a 

partition or bafHe plate reaching from tlie top of the 

easing down to the bottom of the radiator, so as to 

compel the air which enters the casing to pass down 

337 

and up through between the sections of the radiator 

The warm-air register should not be directly over 

the radiator, but should be taken from a warm-air 

duet leading out of the upper part of the radiator 

casing, opposite to the cold air inlet. This compels 

the air to travel as far as possible in contact witl, 

the radiator surface and prevents dust and other material 

from falling through the register and clogging 

up the passages in the radiator. The cold-air duct 

should have an opening into the outside air, covered 

with a wire screen of small mesh, to prevent leaves, 

rats, etc., from getting into the liouse, .nul another 

register inside of the house, with connection to the 

cold-air duct and a damper at the junction of the 

two openings, so that either one may be closed or the 

air supply be made of a mixture of warm ami cold 

air, in any proportion desired. 

There should be no valves on indirect hot-water 

radiators, as they are exposed to the cold outside air 

and so are very liable to freeze and burst if the circulation 

is shut off. Besides, they are almost always 

connected to rooms that need heat whenever artificial 

heat is needed in the building. The proper method of 

connecting an indirect stack is shown in Fig. 32. 

The warm-air duct should have an area of 1.5 sq. 

in. and cold air duct 1 sq. in. for each foot of sur 

face in tlie radiator. Registers should have a total 

free area of about double that of the duct to which 

they are connected. 

A direct-indirect, or ventilating, radiator, shown in 

Fig. 33, is set up iu the room to be heated like direct 

radiators, but has a cold air duct leading from out 

side, through such a construction at the base that the 

air necessary for ventilation may be brought in from 

ihe outside and circulated through the radiator into 

the room. A damper in the base performs exaetlv 

lhe same duty as the damper in the cold-air pipe of 

lhe indirect radiator already described. 

( To Be t 'ontiuued) 

Effect of Standardization on Small 

Plumbers (Continued frum Page 335) 

and danger to good health shall be minimized lo th. 

utmost. 

We believe that the cost of extra heavy cast-iron 

pipe over standard pipe is more than justified bv rea 

son of the factor of safety in accordance with what 

has just been set forth, lo say nothing of the greater 

economy of manufacture, handling, shipping and 

installation. 

It is evident thai a change such as has been sug 

gested will not be brought about over night nor within 

a vear. This affords ample opportunity for the suburban 

plumber to work out his stock of standard cast 

iron pipe and fittings so that when the change does 

come, as come it must, he will be ready to meet it 

without lhat loss which seems to be anticipated. 

IF I MUST BE AN EXTREMIST, I prefer to be one 

who believes that in every oyster shell there is a pearl 

rather than be one who is quite convinced that every 

oyster in everv shell is bad.— Thomas Dreier, in 

Forbes Magazine (N. 1 .)


Only the Sun Heats All of Outdoors 

It Is Cheaper to Stop Leaks and to Keep 

the House Warm Than to Heat a Cold One 

IT is not the heat that the furnace or boiler produces 

but the heat which is kept in the liouse that 

makes it comfortable. An owner cannot expect to 

keep the house warm when an excessive amount of 

cold air comes in tlirougli the walls and all around 

the doors and windows. That is an important matter 

that must be given the most careful consideration by 

the heating contractor who may be called on to heat 

such a house and what he installs must be equal to 

the wasteful t.ask it will be called upon to perform. 

It is his responsibility to his trade and to his customer 

to make no mistake that will injure by complaint. 

Furnaces and boilers are made to heat houses and 

not outdoors. This is a matter whicli the beating 

contractor too often loses sight of when he is eager 

for business and gives a guarantee that he will keep 

the liouse at 70 deg. in zero weather. It is a part of 

his dutv to his customer and to himself to look at the 

con.struction and to see whether or not there is sheathing 

under the clapboards and paper between the clapboards 

and the sheathing. Then he will know if the 

air can go right through from out-of-doors or whether 

all the heating apparatus has to do is to make heat 

enough to raise the air in the house to a comfortable 

temperature at wliich the construction will keep it, 

with only a reasonable addition of heat to offset the 

loss through walls and windows. 

TIGHT DOORS AND WINDOWS IMPORTANT 

Those who erect houses in the cold section of the 

country along the northern border pay more attention 

to making the walls airtight and insulating them 

than in the soutliern section of the country. It is not 

uncommon to find double sash on all windows. Tliese 

are put on in the winter season when it is necessary 

to stop excessive air leakage or he/it transmission by 

having the glass coming in immediate contact with 

the outdoors separated with an air space from the outside 

sash put on late in the fall. 

A well-built liouse is considerably cooler in thc 

summer-time.for then the sun does not get a chance 

to heat the floors and furniture and the interior walls, 

so that the heating contractor has a good argument 

to make a job for the carpenter or insulating man when 

he is asked to consider the lieating of some building. 

One reason the heat transmission tables are found 

unsatisfactory to some heating contractors is because 

they do not know which factor to consider or to choose 

in connection with the building construction in question. 

They take an average heat loss when it should 

be increased 50 or 100 per cent. If the building was 

of airtight construction with the doors and windows 

tight, the heat loss might be readily estimated and 

the lieating apparatus installed would jiroduce all of 

the heat required to maintain the desired temperature 

with a reasonable expenditure of fuel. But when'the 

wind can blow in so that it is practicable to fly a kite- 

in the parlor or the main bedroom, the heating apparatus 

is endeavoring to take up a task that even the 

sun lays down when the winter season opens. 

The soul which the old hymn advised to be on his 

guard against ten thousand foes was in safety compared 

with the man who attempts to heat a liouse of 

open construction that is something' less than wide 

open. 

RECOMMEND THE RIGHT HEATING OUTFIT 

Tlie season is at hand when you will be invited to 

make it warm for some of your customers, but be sure 

that the job can be done with the outfit that you 

naturally would suggest. Otherwise instead of making 

it warm for him, you will make it warm for 

yourself. 

There i.s a liouse near New York on which several 

concerns lost prestige by the inability of their lieaters 

to keep it warm, before some individual found that 

it was plastered directly on the brick wall without the 

usual lath and plaster, inside finish and an air space 

between it and the wall to serve as an insulating 

space. This last man told the customer, who was wellto-do, 

the truth about the situation. The result was 

that he put on furring strips and lathed and plastered 

the house on the inside so that he had no trouble with 

the heating of it from that time on. 

The heating contractor who made this recommendation 

told the owner that he could heat the house with 

the apparatus he had if he would do what he would 

recommend. When the recommendation was made and 

explained, the fee was paid and the house was fixed 

so that from that time forward the family which occupied 

it was comfortable. 

if a house is built so as to'kee]) the heat out in the 

summer-time and the cold out in the winter-time, the 

amount of coal and the size of the lieater that will 

maintain a comfortable temperature in the winter season 

is economical compared with any attempt to heat 

a house of the open construction. No better sales 

work can be done by heating contractor than to make 

things clear. 

New Rubber Goods 

The Good -Manufacturing Co., 305 East 131th 

Street, New Vork City, is just adding to its line 

china tank Hush valve shank washers and china tank 

ball cock shank washers. These washers are made to 

be used on the shanks of the flush and ball cocks of 

closet tanks to go between the lock nut and the tank 

thus protecting,the tank against chipping or breaking 

in tightening up the lock nut on flush valves or ball 

cocks. They .also help to take up the excessive strain 

caused in connecting supply pipes and flus], connections 

which do not face exactly in line with the valves 

or ball cock shanks.

SEPTEMBER 10, 19J0 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 33!! 

Theory and Practice of Welding Sheet Metal 

First of Several Articles Outlining Methods Used in the Comparatively 

New Branch of Sheet Metal Work—Auxiliary Equipment Needed, Prepara- 

• tion of Sheets, Lap Butt Flange and Folded Joint Welding 

Bv M. H. POTTER 

Editor's Note—This is the first of a series of articles 

on this subject. Tlie author has promised to cover 

the practical welding of sheet metal in a comprehensive 

mannerrin this series and will endeavor to convey 

to the minds of those interested the advantages of 

concentrated study and thoughtful procedure. 

There is scarcely a week goes by but that the editor 

comes in contact 

with subscribers 

who have recently 

insialled welding 

equipment and are 

eager to obtain full 

information. Recently 

he learned of two 

subscribers within a 

short distance of 

New York who 

were entering a mechanic 

from their 

shops in one of the 

local schools f o r 

welding. It therefore 

seems fitting 

that METAL WORK 

ER, PLUMBER AND 

STEAM FITTER, in 

harmony with its 

FIRE-BRICK TABLE AND PRELIMINARY OPERATIONS IN 

WELDING SHEETS 

progressive policy, 

Fig". A. Welding 

should use its best 

efforts to present as 

much helpful information 

on this subject as it possibly can. With that 

end in view, it has engaged the author mentioned 

above to prepare this series of articles. 

IN addition to the welding apparatus, a brick top 

table such as shown in Fig. A i.s most desirable, 

although the welding may be satisfactorily accomplished 

on an ordinary shop bench covered with 

metal; provided a sheet of asbestos is placed between 

the pieces to be welded and the table top. The asbestos 

prevents the heat from escaping from the bottom 

of the weld. 

The fire-brick table, Fig. A, can be easily constructed 

of angle iron welded together in the manner 

a.s shown in the sketch. Fire-bricks should be used 

also in aligning the work and also to prevent the 

escape of the heat when large surfaces are to be 

welded. Fig. 5, which will be further referred to. 

shews another use for fire-bricks. 

A blacksmith forge will effect great saving in both 

welding gas and time if used to heat up the pieces to 

be welded. It will also prove most useful to allow 

- for slow cooling of pieces to prevent warping, as the 

welded pieces may be placed in the forge and thus 

cooled slowly. 

An emery wheel should be provided to remove undesired 

metal, beveling edges for butt welds, etc. 

The removing of rust and scale can also be accomplished 

readily through this medium. A small emery 

wheel mounted on a 

flexible shaft is another 

very valuable 

if not necessary adjunct. 

An assortment of 

mechanics' tools, 

such as hammers. 

chisels, wrenches, 

hack saws, should 

be provided. 

The methods used 

in the welding of 

sheet metal vary .according 

to the thickness 

of the metal to 

be welded. Likewise 

the nature of 

the metal must be 

taken into consider 

table constructed of angle iron frame and covered 

with fire brick. Fig'. B. Correct beating of sheets prior to weldation, 

but for the 

time being the welding 

of sheet metal 

ing. Fig. C. Starting the weld. Tbe sheets are first fused together proper will only be 

along the bottom. Fig. D. Method used in adding the filler rod in discussed, so this 

the weld. Fig. E. Method used to prevent spreading of the weld.. 

point can be forgotten for the present. 

The correct lieating of the metal prior to welding 

is important. Fig. 13 shows the portion to be preheated. 

The welding flame is played on the metal .at 

right angles, moved up .-md down each piece until the 

metal reaches a red heat for a distance of not less 

than 2 in. The quicker the fusion of the metal is 

brought about the less scale will be formed, resulting 

iu a much, better weld. Therefore, the operator must 

work as rapidly as possible. The flame is then brought 

down to the lowest part of the piece to be welded and 

held upon this point until the metal is melted, see Fig. 

C. The flame is then quickly drawn away from the 

welded portion, i. e., in the direction of the arrowshown 

in Fig. C. This operation is continued until 

tin lower part of the pieces have been welded along 

the bottom for their entire length. 

The filler rod is now added to the weld, see Fig. 

D. It is extremely important that the torch is always 

held at right angles to the work, in order that all the 

available heat will penetrate the metal to be welded. 

When adding the filler rod to a weld, both the filler

310 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER i0. 1930 

and the weld musl be heated continually as chilled 

metal vvill not fuse properly. This fact should always 

be borne in mind by the welder, and if this fact is 

not carried out, a defective weld is bound to be the 

result. Careful study and attention to this detail will 

greatly determine the true efficiency of the welder. 

MIXING THE MOLTEN METAL 

As the flame is advanced along the weld, the molten 

metal will be forced along the weld and fused. A cir 

cular movement is imparted to the torch. This tends 

to mix the molten metals, the inter-mixing of whicli 

forms a solid bond, provided, of course, the metal is 

continually maintained in a molten state. 

Care must be taken to guard against the filler rod 

being forced ahead of the lieated part of the weld. 

If this is not done, as has been previously pointed 

out. the molten metal of the filler rod will be brought 

into contact with chilled metal, resulting, naturally, in 

an undesirable condition. 

It is not necessary to fill the weld completely when 

going along the weld the first time, as there is no bad 

pffects obtained by repeating the operation and even 

ing up the surface of thc weld. 

HANDLING THE FILLER ROD 

It will be necessary for the inexperienced welder 

to add the filler rod to the weld very sparingly, al 

though not slowly, going over the weld until the 

proper thickness is attained. This will necessitate 

care in keeping the filler rod away from the flame and 

at the same time advancing the flame at a fairly rapid 

rate. If the beginner will study carefull}' the required 

heating of the metal to secure fusion, he will more 

readily conquer the art of successful welding. 

Fig. E illustrates the method used to prevent thc 

spreading of the weld. It is necessary to jump the 

flame from A to B. repeating this operation along 

the weld. This wil] have a Heing effect upon the two 

sheets and hold them together during the welding 

process. Thin sheets will require extreme care in this 

regard and no doubt the beginner will be hampered in 

his progress by the spreading of the sheets. However, 

practice in this method of Heing the weld will over 

come this difficulty. 

ff the weld is extremely long, a clamp should be 

used to hold the pieces together. This will make the 

welding process more rapid and less diffieult. Never 

theless, it is liable to set up internal strains in the 

weld and should be carefully guarded against. 

Very thin sheets should be welded after jointfolded 

as shown in I'ig. (i. Fire-bricks must be used 

Fib. 5 

as illustrated in Fig. 5, when thin sheets arc welded 

to prevent the overheating of the sheets. Thin sheets 

should not be heated very far back from the weld. 

If this is not followed out, the sheets will warp when 

cooled. It is important although that as much of the 

weld, lengthwise, as possible should be heated up at 

the same time. The beginner must learn to hold the 

torch so that this will result. ' This will force the 

welder to hold his torch at an angle to the work, 

i. e., inclined and not a right angle as previously in 

structed but he must exercise extreme care in doing so. 

The reason for so doing, will be more readily ap 

preciated by the results obtained than can be explained 

in writing. 

WELDING SHEETS OF DIFFERENT THICKNESSES 

When welding two sheets of different thicknesses, 

the weld is prepared as shown in Fig. 8. The flame 

of the torch must be directed toward the heavier 

sheet. As a matter of fact, the torch must be played 

upon the heavier sheet most of the time, as both pieces 

must be broughl to a fusion point at exactly the same 

time. 

The welding of thin sheets satisfactorily is also ac 

complished by Hanging the metal along the weld as 

shown in Fig. 7. When the flame is played upon both 

flanges at the same time, the flanges will be melted 

down and fused together, thc flanges serving as filler 

for the weld. 

WELDING OF HEAVIER SHEETS 

The welding of heavier sheet.s is illustrated by Fig. 

1, 2 and 3 and 1. 

The lap welded joint shown in Fig. 1 is not satis 

factory where great strength is desired. Thin sheets 

can be. welded in this manner; it being necessary to 

make the weld on one side of the sheets only, and not 

on both sides as shown in Fig. I. Practice will enable 

Ihe welder to accomplish this form of weld quickly 

and whenever such a type of weld will meet the re 

quirements it should be used to save time and like 

wise expense. No doubt, the average sheet metal 

worker will be interested in this type of weld and will 

find that it will be less expensive than his usual prac 

tice of bonding two sheets. 

Fib. 6 FI0.7 

I'ig. 2 illustrates the butt weld, the metal is beveled 

on both sides and likewise is welded on both sides. 

It is the most common method used in welding sheet 

melal having a thickness of Vi: ' n - or over, especially 

where maximum strength is required. 

If the instructions already given are followed out 

DIAGRAMS SHOWING METHODS OE PREPARING AND WELDING THIN SHEETS OF METAL 

^^^^.w. 

Flb.4 

FIG.S

SEPTEMBEH 10, 1.30 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FTTT ER 341 

and care exercised in the use of both the torch and 

the filler rod this type of weld can be satisfactorily 

accomplished. 

• BUTT WELDING OF LIGHTER SHEETS 

Fig. 3 shows a butt-weld suitable for sheets of less 

thickness, the weld being made from one side only as 

illustrated. There again care must be used in the 

adding a fusing of the filler rod, and the beginner will 

be compelled to weld the bottom of the sheets prior to 

closing the weld and leveling off. When the welding 

is from both sides of the metal, this is not so impor 

tant, unless the metal to be welded is extremely thick 

Another method of welding slieet metal that elim 

inates the necessity of preparing the sheets for the 

weld, with the possible exception of removing all exist 

ing scale and rust is shown in Fig. 4. Sheets having 

a thickness of 3-32 in. or less ean be welded by this 

method, provided the weld is not subjected to excessive 

strain. 

No set rule, can be given for the strength of the 

various types of welds shown, inasmuch as thc weld 

itself will greatly determine its actual strength. It is 

only natural that a good weld of the type shown in 

fit!. F TABLE OF CORRECT SIZES OF FILLER RODS TO HE 

USED IN WELDING SHEET METAL 

Thickness of metal Diameter of welding rod 

1-8 to 1-1 in. 

1-4 to 3-8 in. 

3-8 to i-2 in. 

1-2 to 5-8 in. 

5-8 to 3-4 in. 

1-8 in. 

5-32 in. 

3-16 in. 

1-4 in. 

5-16 in. 

I'ig. 4 may stand more strain lo the square inch than 

a poor weld of the type shown in Fig. 2. Thus it 

will be seen that the efficiency of the weld is greatly 

governed by the efficiency or skill of the welder. 

The preliminary or basic rules governing the success 

ful welding of slieet metal have been fully covered in 

detail and it should he the duty of the beginner lo 

follow closely these suggestions and to gain added 

knowledge and skill through his failure to weld sue 

eessfully when the rules given are followed. 

As has been stated, the reasons for complying with 

many of the rules governing the welding of sheet 

metal will be fully appreciated and realized only when 

the beginner has attempted to actuallv weld sheet 

metal. This is especially true and will be more fully 

appreciated as the beginner accomplishes the desired 

results and becomes skilled in the art of welding. 

In the welding of steel it must be carried in mind 

that two distinct classes of metal exist, soft steel and 

hard steel. The difference is that of the carbon con 

tent. Soft steel may have a carbon content as low as 

0.05 per cent; hard steel may contain as much as 1.5 

per cent of carbon. Low carbon steels are naturally 

soft and ductile, low in both strength and elastic limit. 

Soft steels are more easily welded, especially when 

the sheets are thin. 

The greatest difficulty is in maintaining the correct 

heat. The beginner is liable not to get the metal 

hot enough or to get it too hot. This can onlv be 

overcome by playing the welding flame on the metal 

for a longer time or increasing the size of the flame. 

This will overcome the difficulty of not getting the 

metal hot enough. 

The oxidation or the forming of scale on the weld 

due to the overheating of the metal may be due to 

the using of a torch not properly designed for the 

work undertaken. Th,s should be investigated if the 

beginner is unable to accomplish satisfactorv welding 

as regards oxidization. 

The regulation of the welding flame must be given 

careful consideration and the beginner must deferrable 

and study out the results obtained from different 

welds. However, the carbonizing and burning of 

the metal when welding will be fully covered later on. 


T) !«• History and Evolution 

of Hath Tuhs 

(Continued from Fuge :',:',.') 

serve the supply. Words cannol express the joy of a 

bath. 

When the advertisement offers a house for rent as 

"modern," one visualizes the situation at once. The 

intelligent real estate dealer i.s aware that a bath tub 

and shower bath increases thc value of the house far 

beyond the actual cost of these two conveniences. The 

word modern means that, thc house has a dandy little 

hath, immaculately wliite, and hot and cold water. 

And more than that, it means a daily hot and cold bath 

morning, noon or night, as one wishes. 

Though the bath tub is of comparatively recent in 

vention and installation, realize, if vou please, what 

would happen if wc were deprived of our bath tubs. 

The thought of deprivation is terrible when you begin 

to realize what a blessing the hath tub has been to 

humanity. 

The daily shower puts renewed life into a person 

and, if everybody were afforded the opportunity, life 

would not only be prolonged but production would be 

stimulated. Although the shower is the most sanitary 

bath, a complete douse and a good soaking is very 

often necessary. So we have another improvement 

that is gradually becoming very popular and combines 

lhe shower and thc bath tub. The combined tub and 

shower receptor really takes up no more space than 

lhe ordinary built-in bath tub. This new device not 

only combines the shower and bath tub but the econ 

omy of floor space, installation and detail of con 

struction is important and will add to its popularity. 

Our ancestors may smile at what we are doing and 

saying and thinking, but we are progressing. Though 

they will smile at our efforts, the American Plumbing 

Business during thc past 40 years has made rapid 

progress and contributed much for the comfort, con 

venience and health of our people, which has been a 

verv important factor in making the world sanitary for 

humanity. 

New Steam Fitter*'' Manual 

The Holmberg Steam Trap Co., Lindsborg, Kan., is 

at present working on the preparation of a steam fit 

ters' manual, describing the Holmberg vacuum vapor 

steam trap and system of heating. The intent of this 

manual is to furnish the steam fitter with a simple 

explanation of this system of heating and instruct him 

in the proper method of installing it. It will call 

attention to the basic facts which must be regarded 

by the steam fitter in order that the system may be 

installed so satisfactory operation can be had.

342 . . 1. T A L W 0 It K E R , P L U M BER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 

Facts About Warm-Air Furnace Efficiency 

_ 

Method of Determining Furnaee Efficiency As Employed 

in the Research Work at the University of Illinois. 

Results So Far Obtained hy Professor A. C. Willard 

at the Recent Sheet Metal Contractors' Convention 

S O M E highly interesting facts are to be found in 

the address of A. C. Willard, Professor of Heating 

and Ventilation, Universitv of Illinois, at the 

recent annual convention of the National Association 

of Slieet Metal Contractors at Peoria. III. As many 

readers know. Professor Willard is in charge of the 

furnace research work being carried on at the University 

of Illinois under a co-operative agreement 

with the Xational Warm Air Heating and Ventilating 

Association. He had been invited by the convention 

committee to talk on this research work, and his address 

proved to be one of the most liighly interesting 

and instructive presented to the meeting. 

That part of his address which is given hereinafter 

deals with the work of testing, furnaces for 

efficiency and the results obtained. He also discussed 

the subject of rating furnaces and improvements 

whieh might be made in furnace design. Space is not 

available to present the entire address in this issue, 

but this may be taken as a promise that the rest of it 

will be given in later issues. 

INTRODUCTION 

Before introducing his subject Professor Willard 

expressed his appreciation of the opportunity to talk 

on this subject to men who install furnaces, and 

st.ated that he wanted to give credit to the National 

Warm Air Heating and Ventilating Assoeiation, who 

had made the development of the data possible through 

its action in bringing about the inception of the work 

by the University of Illinois and by its continued 

financial, advisory and moral support of the work. 

He then discussed thc subject as follows: 

No matter how much money the National Warm 

Air Heating and Ventilating Association may spend 

on this work, no matter how much time we may put 

in and how many facts we may bring to light or how 

many preconceived ideas we may overthrow or possibly 

substantiate, unless the installers of warm-air 

furnaces in the United States are willing to .apply 

tliese facts so far as they can to the actual installation, 

this work to a large degree is going to miss its 

greatest opportunity. 

I Ihink probably the most logical way in wliich 

I can approach this general question of warm-air 

heating from the standpoint of the work already done 

at the University of Illinois, will be to state the 

problem as we have undertaken it and to sav that this 

problem divides itself into two parts. 

The first part deals with the furnace in which the 

manufacturers .are interested primarily and for the 

solution of which they .'ire spending a great deal of 

money. The second part involves the plant as a 

whole, the distributing system, leaders, stacks, registers, 

re-circulating duets, humidifying schemes, etc. 

There are, therefore, two big subdivisions, the furnace 

and the plant beyond the furnace. T am taking- 

it for granted lhat you are all interested both in the 

furnaee and the plant beyond the furnace, although 

I have no doubt the plant beyond the furnace interests 

vou more. I want also to submit that you know more 

about that than I do. so I shall say whatever I do 

say with an apologetic attitude, ready to be criticized 

and will welcome criticism, in fact, concerning such 

statements as you feel in any way are not checked 

up by your experience; and I have no doubt that 

vou can point out many such cases. 

CONSIDERING PROBLEM FROM THREE STANDPOINTS 

Beginning, then, with the furnace, we have to consider 

the problem from three standpoints. I am going 

to cut across lots and go pretty fast in places. 

There has much work been done that is not going 

to show at this time, but we have broken the furnace 

problem up into these tliree parts; first of all we 

arc testing furnaces as regards tlieir efficiency. Secondly, 

we are running these tests with the idea of 

finding some satisfactory and exact method of rating 

furnaces, and thirdly, when testing for efficiency and 

for capacity rating, we are watching for opportunities 

to improve the efficiency of the furnace, increase its 

capacity and thereby give to the manufacturers something 

in the way of value for the money they have 

spent directly on improvements that we feel are warranted 

and should be recommended for tlieir serious 

consideration. They may see fit to make them all or 

manv of them; that is up to them. 

WHAT FURNACE EFFICIENCY MEANS 

Suppose we deal with these furnace subdivisions 

first of all. In order to find out whether one furnace 

is better than another or how good one furnace really 

is, it is necessary to test it, first of all, for efficiency. 

I am going to give .you a definition of efficiency as 

we understand it. The engineer, as a class, is pretty 

well agreed nn this definition; in fact, perfectly agreed. 

If you will take the heat the furnaee can put into air 

flowing through it in one hour, between the inlet and 

the outlet at the bonnet, or at the warm-air register 

in the ease of a pipeless, you have the net result in 

the shape of heat exjiressed in units, the effective 

result from the operation of a warm-air furnace, either 

pipe or pipeless. 

How much heat did you get into the air between 

lhe point where the air started down into the furn.'ice 

system and the point where it leaves the furnace 

to be distributed? How much heat did you have 

available and how much coal did you have to burn to 

get this result? To make the comparison we have to 

find the ratio of this heat to the beat in the eoal. 

We have to know how many pounds of coal we 

have burned in one hour and what the heat value was 

of each pound of eoal, if burned completely, so that 

all the heat in that coal was realized in the furnace.

SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITT ER 343 

No furnace can burn coal that way; no boiler can 

burn coal in that way. 

The second part, the total heat that the coal could 

develop, is easily obtained by simply taking the weight 

of the coal and multiplying it by the heat value of 

the coal in heat units per pound. That information 

is available at the present time for all coals in this 

country, so we do not even have to send the coal to a 

chemist any more. 

A BIG ENGINEERING PROBLEM 

But the first part of that expression, the net heat 

that the furnace was able to get into the air flowing 

through it, is the most difficult thing to determine 

in the field of engineering that I have ever attempted 

to measure. 

That first part, the heat that the furnace was able 

to impart to the air between the inlet and the outlet 

at the bonnet, is equal to the weight of air that went 

through the furnace in this hour we are talking about, 

multiplied by the rise in temperature that took place. 

IT LOOKS EASY, BUT 

Apparently I have only to measure two things; I 

have to measure the weight of air that goes tlirougli 

the furnace in an hour and measure correctly the 

rise in temperature that takes place in this air as it 

flows through the furnace. If I can get the data 

that tells me what weiglit of air went through and 

the rise in temperature and someone gives me the 

weiglit of coal, I have got the efficiency of any man's 

furnace by the simplest sort of arithmetical calculation, 

and dividing one by anotlier, I will come out 

with an efficiency of 50 to 60 per cent in a good pipe 

furnace and running up to 65 per cent in a pipeless 

furnace. But I am able at the present time to get 

only about 60 per cent efficiency out of a pound of 

coal from a pipe furnace, the pipeless furnace apparently 

doing a little better. 

With that understanding we started out to find 

some means of measuring the weight of air going 

through a furnace in an hour. We had to measure 

volume before we could get the weight, and that 

lias occupied probably half the time, and half the 

money available has been spent upon this part of the 

investigation, to find some accurate means of getting 

this volume of air which can be transferred into 

weight. The balance of the time has been spent 

largely on finding satisfactory methods for determining 

the rise in temperature that takes place between 

the inlet air temperature and the outlet air temperature 

as the -air leaves the bodv of the furnace. That 

is where most of the time and money has gone to date. 

The measurement of the coal is very simple. You 

have simply to weigh the coal and we have all the data 

we want and very accurately, because we have a scale 

with which the weight can be gotten with an accuracy 

far within any limits to which we would ever care to 

work, and that is entirely satisfactory. I am going 

to give you a very few figures, because I feel that you 

"light to have something definite to take away from 

this meeting. I am going to take a typical furnace test. 

such as has been run on a pipe furnace in the laboratory, 

reported in Bulletin 112, published by the Engineering 

Experiment Station. This particular furnace 

was run with an average register temperature 

of 150 deg. 

The furnaces are tested in a plant set up in the 

mechanical engineering laboratorv with three levels 

A skeleton house corresponding to the conditions that 

exist in an ordinary small house was constructed, with 

ten leaders and with stacks and registers on the three 

floors. 

In the operation of this furnace on this particular 

test the rise in temperature through the furnace was 

97 deg., the registered temperature in the bonnet 

was 152 deg. as the air left the furnace. There was 

a 10-deg. loss there. Sixty pounds of air a minute 

went through the furnace, and that gives us 3,600 lb. 

of air an hour, with a rise in temperature of 97 deg. 

It takes about a quarter of a heat unit or B. t. u. To 

raise 1 lb. of air 1 deg., so 3,600 X 97 X \i or 87,300 

represents the number of heat units put into this 

furnace in one hour. 

At the same time this was done, 12 Ib. of coal 

were burned on the grate. Coal has a total heat 

value pf about 12,800 B. t. u. Therefore if you will 

divide the first product, 87.300. by 12 times 12,800 

and multiply by 100, you will have the efficiency 

value, in this ease of 54% per cent. 

I am coming to something farther on where this 

will be of considerable importance. We were able to 

ascertain that the efficiency of the furnaee was about 

5-V2 per cent. In other words, for every 100 lb. of 

eoal burned in the furnace, you are able to get full 

heating value out of 5H/2 lb. delivered at the bonnet, 

readv to go to the rooms of the liouse. 

WHERE DOES THE LOST HEAT GO? 

Where did the rest of it go? I want to emphasize 

the importance of this efficiency part of the problem. 

There is evidently, then, in every furnaee rated at 

about this average efficiency, a waste of heat not delivered 

to the rooms of the liouse of something like 

^5^/2 per cent. 

We have made a study to see if we could analyze 

this -151/2 per cent waste. Why can't we get more 

heat into the leaders going to the rooms of the house? 

By analyzing flue gases, we found that 13 per cent of 

the heat in the coal was necessary to maintain a satisfactory 

draft, and that is a legitimate charge against 

the coal pile. Of the 100 lb. of coal, 13 per cent is 

legitimately used for maintaining the draft. That 

left a difference, as you will see, from 13 to -lal/o, or 

about 32 : j/2 per cent of the licit that goes somewhere 

that does not get into the rooms of the house. 

Now please get the significance of this; it is the 

biggest thing I have got to tell you to-day. This is 

a typical ring radiator type of furnace, I suppose 

the most common type of furnace made in America 

to-day, and 32!/2 per cent of the coal was being dissipated 

somewhere below the leaders of that furnace. 

I say advisedly below the leaders of the furnace. 

Where was it going ? 

LOSSES SELDOM CONSIDERED HERETOFORE 

Our study of the conditions—and we have run many 

tests—indicates very plainly where it is going. It is 

going into the floor in radiation. The ground is absorbing 

a great deal of it, and it is going out of the 

bonnet in radiation and going out of the front of the 

furnace. The cast iron front is radiating a tremendous 

amount of it; in fact, we proved this particular 

set of test by putting 2 in. of hair felt around the

344 M E T A L WORKER, P L U M B ER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 

furnace to try to intercept the radiation loss, but is the a man in this room who cannot get the conception 

loss was so great directly away from the hot coal in the of it in a minute if it is put properly. 

fire part of the furnace that it burned the felt. 

Say you have a pound of coal and you are able 

If there is 25 to 35 per cent loss from the ordi to put that in a little capsule in 2 cu. ft. of water, 

nary present-day furnace from radiation into the base suppose you could burn it in that water; that water 

ment, it seems to me that furnace manufacturers will would rise 10 deg. in temperature if every bit of 

be spending tlieir money to very good purpose if we the heat from that coal went in it. I have raised 

can save any of that tremendous waste. 

the temperature of that water 10 deg. I had 2 cu. ft. 

It is a terrible indictment against the warm-air or 120 lb.; therefore the heat value of the coal would 

furnace that we have not been able to construct, in be 1,200 B. t. u.'s and that is all the chemist does in 

the average type of furnaces on the market, a better getting heat values, so that a B. t. u. is the amount 

furnace than this. Take the average type of fur of heat that will raise 1 lb. of water 1 deg. fahr. It is 

nace; it loses in direct radiation straight out through as simple a definition as you could give a man of a foot. 

the casing, from the front of the furnace, 25 to 30 

per cent of the heat of the coal. Out of every 100 lb. 


of coal, 25 or 30 are going to radiate out into the 

basement or down into the floor, and please do not '•'Gas"' Cans Supplant Sheep Bells 

overlook the floor. 

We have put a water pan under a furnace to prove 

how much heat goes there and we find that about 5 

per cent of the heat goes down into the ground under 

the furnace. Tliere is a further analysis of where 

this 25 to 30 per cent of wasted heat is going, and 

while we are on this point, I think it will be well 

worth while to attempt to illustrate the reason why 

a warm-air furnace radiates more heat and loses it 

through the casing than a steam boiler or a hot water 

heater loses. 

American Red Cross gasoline cans and stray shell 

cases left by Austrian armies have supplanted the 

quaint brass sheep bells in Albanian pasture lands. 

Time was when the sheep bell was a thing of beauty, 

made of hand-hammered brass, curiously and artistically 

shaped and often finely chased in primitive oriental 

designs. . 

The scarcity of brass in the Balkans has forced 

herders to use any resonant material they can find, 

and discarded "gas" cans and battlefield debris have 

been fashioned into bells. 

EFFECTIVENESS OF FIRE SURFACE 

Many of the unique brass bells grace American 

It is due to the fact that most of the heat in a tea tables where the quaint artistry draws admiring 

warm-air furnace, as they are constructed to-day— comment from curiou lovers. The peculiarly beautiful 

and make this statement advisedly, I intend to stand tone which the Albanian artisan produced with the 

on it—most of the heat comes away from this fire use of brass is a secret known only to the bell makers 

pot, practically all, in fact, comes away from the fire themselves. 

pot—as radiant heat and travels as light travels, in 

straight lines away from the hot surface of the coal 

against the pot and then out against the casing and Recipe from an Old Scrap Book 

out beyond the casing. The casing only causes it to 

hesitate for an instant as it goes on out. The air 

coming into the furnace picks up what heat it can 

by rubbing against the surfaces of the fire-pot, radiators 

and the hot surfaces of the casing, which are too 

hot to transmit more heat through and beyond them 

than the air can pick up as it goes over. 

In the case of the hot water heater, the water is 

able to pick up this energy at the hot surface and 

reduce the temperature so much that the radiation 

loss is cut down very materially as compared with 

the warm-air furnace. We are trying to intercept 

some of that heat on its way out. It is going to go 

out and all we can hope to do is to put some shields 

in there that will get hot. If we can cool that shield 

off with some air flowing over it, so that the air flows 

through the furnace, it will reduce the temperature of 

the outside of the furnace, we have accomplished the 

thing I am seeking and the thing we have got to accomplish 

if we are going to make any material saving 

in this 25 or 35 per cent radiant heat that we are 

losing at the present time. 

Before leaving this subject of furnace testing, I 

want to make a prediction. It is rather dangerous to 

be a prophet; liowever, I want to predict that in my 

opinion the successful furnaceman of the future will 

have to use B. t. u.'s as easily as he uses the percentage 

sign or the dollar sign; and I also want to say 

right here that there is nothing mysterious about the 

B. t. u., the so-called heat unit. I do not think there



problems---the Place to 


SERV 




GRATIS 

Connecting Heater with Range Boiler boiler will be siphoned out through the cold water sup 

in Bath Room 

ply line if the hot water faucet on any fixture is left 

open so that it will suck up air. 

From H. J., Illinois—Replying to "A. V. B." in the 

You may say that all this will never happen. They 

August 13 issue of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

ought to keep the system pumped up. Who is going 

STEAM FITTER I want to tell him of an experience I 

to pump? It is the boy of from 10 to 15 years who is 

had with a hot-water supply system. 

usually ordered to do this. It is more natural for him 

A system put in exactly like one shown in the il 

than to make a discovery in a hurry that hot water can 

lustration will make the customer say when asked how 

be had from the cold water faucet without pumping by 

his system works, "Well, we are getting along with it 

just letting the hot water faucet suck in the air. Next 

but I guess it might be worse.". The first thing the 

the water will be low enough in the range boiler so that 

svstem will do after firing up once or twice will be 

the circulation from the furnace stops and, when fired 

either to blow up or to burst. Then after being reup, 

the water will boil in the pipe, making a noise. 

Then the occupants of the house will think something 

is going to burst again and send fo_ another plumber 

and the first plumber will have to look for anotlier 

customer which in this case will be hard to get. 

It is not good policy to tell the customer what he 

should do, but the plumber should figure on what the 

customer will do and install the system so that nothing 

will happen no matter what he does. 

In the accompanying plan is shown the way I attained 

best results for instant hot water and enthusiastic 

customers. You will note that the return is only 

1/2 in. and returns to the tank about one-half way up. 

I find that this works better, as when opening a faucet, 

the water will be drawn partly from the return line 

and partly from the flow line in direct proportion to the 

difference in size of the pipe of the return and flow 

lines. If the return were connected to the bottom of 

the tank, it would draw the cooler water from the bottom 

of the tank; therefore, the water received at the 

faucet would not be as hot as it would be if the return 

connections in tank were above the middle. 

You will also note that my arrangement only takes 

one-half of the pipe as sliown in sketch. The range 

boiler should by all means be placed in the basement 

under the ceiling. Heat would not be required in the 

summer. It would be much more consistent and economical 

to place a small radiator in the bath room, 

METHOD OF HEATER CONNECTION WITH RANGE BOILER which could be turned on when needed and shut off 

when the hot water is wanted elsewhere. The tank 

paired it will blow up again and keep on blowing up 

in the basement should be covered to retain the heat, 

until the check valve has been removed and returned 

also the pipes leading to the different fixtures, as this 

to the jobber for credit and a claim for the inferior 

will effect a saving in the coal used for lieating water 

grade of pipe and fixtures has been put in. The next 

and will eliminate the necessity of unnecessary heat 

trouble will be with the stop cock. Somebody will fix 

the leaky faucet on account of the check valve doing 

in the house during the summer months. 

This arrangement of piping will give instant hot 

some damage that has not been found at first and then 

forget to open it before firing. Of course the same 

water as the water will go direct to the fixtures before 

thing will burst one or more times until the stop cock 

it goes through the tank and plenty of hot water may 

is exchanged for a stop and waste. 

be had at once with a liandful of kindlings. Also, the 

When tbat is fixed the worst will be over and all 

hotter the water at the faucet, the less of it is used, 

the trouble will be in keeping water in the system 

as in winter most people will wash merely for the sake 

because nobody likes to pump. Tlierefore the range of warming up their nose.

346 M E T A L W ORKER, PL U M 

The Edit 

Do You Know the Bank President? 

IT may surprise you to hear that the ministers do 

not have anything like as many confidants as do 

the bank presidents. The real live men who are 

doing business and who need money go to him and 

tell him all about their affairs so he will know the} 7 

are in a position to make money. Then if they want 

to borrow some he has no hesitation in accepting their 

note and furnishing the cash. They have shown him 

very clearly by explaining tlieir finances, tlieir pros 

pects and their opportunities, that thev have the quali 

fications for success in life. The information he re 

ceives is held as confidential and nobody is ever the 

wiser except that the bank president is very apt to say 

a good word for the man about whose business he is 

well informed. 

A man may have an account with a bank for a long 

time without making the acquaintance of the officials. 

They are as much in a retail business as the fruit 

dealer on the corner, who has to be very careful that 

he is kind and pleasant to all the children to increase 

his business. 

The bank president will welcome you if you will 

drop in and hastily tell him some of the things you 

are engaged upon, how much money you intend to 

make and how you could borrow $1,000 to settle a 

wliole lot of bills and make a good cash discount that 

would pay the interest on the note. If you visit him 

frequently enough he will say you are not borrowing 

very much and that the bank has money and could 

raise you a thousand or two if you have a place where 

you could use it to advantage. 

IT IS TIME TO GET ACQUAINTED 

Do you know your bank officials? If not. why not? 

Stop in sometime and tell his highness, the president, 

that when you started you had a few dollars, the 

good will of your customers, good health and good 

training and that now you possess a whole lot of things. 

He may tell you that you have too much in stock or 

building and it is time for you to get some of your 

money out of old stock and into securities that will 

pav you a good income. He may go so far as to say 

that in your line of business, for the volume done, 

there should not be more than half the amount of 

monev you have tied up in your business in a town of 

the size in whicli vou are located. 

That is the time for you to sit up and take notice. 

Heed the advice and cash in on the old shopkeepers. 

The bank officials arc supposed to be pretty shrewd 

financial men and conversation with them should give 

AND STE A _ I FITTER SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 

• rial Page 

you some pointers about how you can liandle your 

business affairs so as to make them productive of more 

revenue. 

Set the Pay Day and Send the Bill 

T H E one purpose for which any man is business 

and working for the public is to make money. He 

cannot do it if he i.s careless about his books. 

When a customer is buying something it is time—the 

best time and the only time—to set the pay day. When 

the work is completed or the goods are delivered, it 

is nothing short of «a crime to neglect to send the 

bill so the customer will have it at the same time he 

has the pleasure of looking over his new purchase. 

That is the time when he is ready to consider he has 

made a good bargain and to be happily inclined to 

ward the man he owes money so that he will send 

along his cheek or drop in and pav the bill at once. 

The customer who has to wait and sometimes ask two 

or three times for his bill will eventually become dis 

gusted and, when he does get the bill, will be in the 

frame of mind to say, "Well, I had to wait for the 

bill; let him wait for the money." It makes no dif 

ference how long any man has worked during the day 

waiting on customers and taking care of their busi 

ness, it is too soon to quit and go to bed if there are 

any charges not on the book and tliere are any com 

pleted job for which the bill is not in the mail. The 

man who can take advantage of the price discount of 

fered by the wholesale houses is tbe man who collects 

closely. 

Adviser to the Consumer 

IT is very advantageous to occupy that position in 

the peoples' minds that brings all sorts of in 

quiries and enables the man to give that counsel 

which increases comfort or helps them out of all sorts 

of difficulties. When those who require service are 

recommended to see some popular tradesman as the 

best source for information, be is in an enviable posi 

tion. If he has all the qualifications that he should 

have to be entitled to such confidence, he will have 

his selling talent well developed so that with the in 

formation which he is able to give there will alwavs 

be an opportunity to furnish for the home some spe 

cial appliance he is pushing and to make many of his 

customers grateful to him.

SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM F 

News of the Traele Associations 

Western Trade Golfers at Riverside 

Large Gathering at Riverside Golf Club on Tuesday, 

August 31. Next Meet at Milwaukee 

A good crowd, numbering 45, answered the call 

for a pleasant day in the open, at the Riverside Golf 

Club, Riverside, 111., Tuesday. August 31. A qualifying 

round of 9 boles was played in the morning, and 

SOME OF THOSE PRESENT AT GOLF MEET 

Upper—A. J. Ewing, Driving Off. 

Left— H. E. Keeler at No. 1. 

Right—Paul Blatchford and H. W. Craig 

at noon an excellent lunch was served on the club 

house piazza. 

In the afternoon 12 foursomes were made up to participate 

in the 18-hole match play for the association 

cup, flight prizes and a special prize given by Dick 

Collings. This latter was played for in blind bogey 

between 75 and 100. Each player was allowed to 

choose his own handicap, but the winner, William 

Thompson, had the expert advice of Treasurer Joe 

Carroll, who told Bill to take 50, so that the vacuum 

cleaner was given to him. 

A. L. Miller got the Guest prize, with a net of 74, 

and Henry O'Callihan brought in a 67 net, which 

gave him the Association cup. J. M. Weil now has 

two legs on the Duffers' cup for shooting a 152 gross. 

E. W. Sanhorn 

L. B. Fulton . 


Gross 

53 

55 

Handicap 

10 

12 

Net 

43 

43 

J. M. McDonald 

A. S. Lindeblad 

II. M. Sedgwick 

W. E. McColluni 

E. C. Garrity 

Harold Cross 

R. C. Flinder 

H. W. Craig . 

E. Buehler . 

H. E. Harper 

J. Claflin (guest) 

H. W. Evans 

S. Bloom (guest) . 

B. Nelson 

Frank Crumley 

Charles Bishop 

J. P. Dugger 

W. B. Dale 

A. L. Miller (guest) 

L. R. Tavlor 

H. B. JIason 

M. J. Czarnieeke 

A, J. Ewing 

William Bvrd 

If. Shaw 

J. T. Carroll 

N. H. Blatchford 


H. E. Keeler 

J. M. Weil 

Martin Weil 

Benjamin Weil 

Henry O'Callihan 

T. P.'Wade 

L. R. Ottke _ 

iross 

16 

(i.5 

43 

62 

07 

CO 

15 

51 

. .50 

(i(i 

44. 

. 64 

59 

59 

. 52 

. 19 

. 53 

. 5(1 

. 37 

. 12 

. 48 

. 48 

. 45 

54 

50 

. 50 

. 54 

.. 54 

. 50 

77 

.. 66 

.. 67 

.. 54 

.. 53 

.. 45 

.. 55 

Handicaj 

3 

15 

7 

15 

15 

15 

11 

8 

9 

15 

5 

14 

15 

15 

15 

10 

12 

12 

3 

6 

5 

13 

5 

8 

10 

9 

11 

15 

15 

15 

13 

7 

6 

13 

317 

Net 

43 

50 

36 

53 

52 

45 

34 

43 

41 

51 

39 

50 

44 

44 

37 

39 

41 

38 

31 

37 

41 

42 

40 

41 

45 

42 

44 

45 

39 

62 

51 

5-2 

41 

46 

39 

42 

At 6:30, when everyone was cleaned up, smiling, and 

Joe Carroll had collected the necessarv ante, they 

J. fell E. to Sharpe and not a trace of the excellent dinner served 

in the club house dining room remained after 45 keen 

appetites had been satisfied. 

Bruce Fulton drew all eyes with a new green suit 

and it was decided that he would make a poor burglar 

in the disguise. In the absence of the officers, Past- 

President H. E. Keeler presided and awarded the 

prizes and then presented the names of the following, 

who were elected to membership with the usual one 

dissenting vote: C. O. Lindol, S. K. Bloom, George 

Halligan and Otto Deschauer. 

A rising vote of thanks was given to Mr. Mitchell, 

the host of the day, and the board of governors of the 

Riverside Golf Club. 

Captain E. W. Sanborn announced that the next 

meet would be held at the Blue Mound Golf Club, 

Milwaukee, Wis., September 21, through the courtesy 

of Mr. Sharp. He asked everyone to make a special 

effort to return the post card signifying the intention 

of being present so that proper arrangements could 

be made for a special car on the Chicago, North Shore 

& Milwaukee. 

AFTERNOON 18-HOLE MATCH PLAY 

Flight Gross 

1. IMiller - 80 

Flinder 

10 ~ 

•Sedgwick 

86 

Tavlor 

93 

2. Buehler 98 

Crumlev - - 116 

andicap 

6 

21 

13 

10 

IS 

29 

Net 

74 

81 

73 

82 

80 

87

S48 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 10, 

Flight Gross 

Dale __ - _ -111 

*Keeler - 99 

3. Claflin _..._ 88 

Bishop - _ 98 

*Ewing 91 

Wade — 108 

4. Dugger _ _ — 102 

*Mason - 94 

J Bvrd O'Callihan 

104 92 

Czarneicki 

97 

Carroll 

97 

*Craig 

90 

Bloom 

124 

Sanborn ..... 

S9 

Fulton 

105 

'McDonald . 

93 

Nelson N. 

127 

Blatchford, 

.....114 

Cross - 

P. _._ 

*Shaw - 

*Evans Blatchford, 

Lindeblad Harper _ 

_ 114 

95 

100 

- UT 

.120 

14-2 

Weil, M 124 

Garritv _...-,- 

147 

Weil, B - _ 1*3 

*McCollum _ -••••- 151 

10. | Weil, Thompson J - .._ _ 150 152 

Deschauer 

_ 178 

*Keeney 

.._ _._134 

Halligan . 

._ 177 

11. 

•Ottke _ - 

88 

12. 

Sharpe _... 

107 

Mohnson . 

91 

Bortner _... __ 108 

Barrows _ 

._ _ 123 

* Flight Sine prize _ — winners. 

116 

t Association cup. 

|| Special prize. 

f Guest prize. 

idicap 

24 

r -i 

10 

20 

10 

14 

24 

14 

25 

25 

12 

16 

16 

30 

19 

24 

6 

30 

20 

30 

10 

17 

30 

27 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

12 

26 

16 

19 

30 

30 

Indiana Jobbers and Salesman's Auxiliary 

Meeting Held on August 27 to Explain Purpose 

of Organization to New Members 

Net 

87 

77 

78 

78 

81 

94 

78 

80 

79 

67 

85 

81 

74 

94 

80 

81 

87 

97 

94 

84 

85 

83 

90 

90 

112 

94 

117 

113 

121 

122 

120 

148 

104 

147 

76 

81 

75 

89 

93 

86 

The Indiana Jobbers and Salesman's Auxiliary met 

at the new plant of the Hall-Neal Furnace Co., at 1324 

North Capitol Avenue, Friday, August 27, at 8 o'clock 

p. m., to explain the purpose of the Auxiliary to its 

new members. 

The meeting was opened with President E. W. Norman 

in the chair. After several talks showing the 

advantage of an Auxiliary to the sheet metal contractors 

of the state as well as to the manufaeturing jobber 

and salesman, the president was instructed to appoint 

a chairman for an entertainment committee. Harry 

R. Jones was appointed and instructed to pick out 

his own help. J. M. Oliphant was appointed chairman 

of the membership committee. 

After 7 new members addressed the meeting it was 

voted to have a smoker on Friday night, October 1, at 

8 o'clock p. m., and every tinner, sheet metal worker 

and furnaceman in the city of Indianapolis is invited 

to enjoy the meeting and to have a speaker for the 

evening. 

All members present pledged themselves to have a 

membership of 100 in 60 days. 

It was voted to have the Auxiliary arrange an exhibit 

of merchandise of any manufacturer or jobber 

that wished to show his goods at the time of the Indiana 

Sheet Metal Contractors' convention, and to ap- 

point a committee to take care of this part of the work. 

It is the purpose of the Auxiliary to sell space for a 

price to cover the expense of the convention only and 

it is not a money-making proposition. 

Changes in Du Pont Company 

The Minneapolis Paint Sales Office of the Du Pont 

Paint and Varnish Division will be discontinued, the 

business being transferred to the Chicago Consolidated 

Offices. Warehouse facilities, however, will be maintained 

at Minneapolis. 

The Du Pont company recently acquired the Chicago 

Varnish Co. A sales office has been maintained 

at 2100 Elston Avenue, Chicago, in charge of T. O. 

Bannister, to sell its products. This business will also 

be transferred to the Chicago Consolidated Offices. 

G. M. Breinig, manager of the Minneapolis sales 

office, will be transferred to headquarters at Wilmington, 

Dela., as Manager Trade Sales, Paint and Varnish 

Section of the Paint and Pigment Division. 

Charles A. Lynn will become Manager Sales Industrial, 

Paint and Varnish Section, Paint and Pigment 

Division. 

Gordon Barber, sales manager of the Paint and 

Varnish Division of the Chicago Consolidated Offices, 

has been transferred to Pittsburgh as Sales Manager 

of the Paint and Varnish Division of the Pittsburgh 

Consolidated Offices. T. O. Bannister, who has been 

handling sales of the products of the Chicago Varnish 

Co., will be transferred to the Chicago Consolidated 

offices as Sales Manager of the Paint and Varnish 

Division. 

Progressive Activity the Slogan of Cincinnati 

Sheet Metal Contractors 

The Cincinnati Sheet Metal Contractors held a dinner 

meeting at the Business Men's Club on Tuesday 

evening, August 26. The principal speaker of the 

evening was J. C. Greenburg of Peoria, 111., who took 

as his subject "Laws of Nature as Applied to Business." 

Mr. Greenburg's address was one of the most 

interesting ever heard by the members of the association 

and that it created great interest was attested to 

by the fact that the attendance of the members of the 

local was nearly 100 per cent of the total. 

Mr. Greenburg impressed on the members of the 

association the importance of knowing their goods, 

and gave illustrations from his own experience to drive 

home his points. He also gave a blackboard demonstration 

of some of the more important parts of his 

address, illustrating the connection between various 

branches of the sheet metal business. Mr. Greenburg 

also urged the importance of associations on the members 

present, and stated that in his opinion with a 

really high-class organizer the state of Ohio could be 

organized 100 per cent. 

After the principal address a general discussion was 

held on the sheet metal business generally, and it was 

decided that the Cincinnati local urge upon the Board 

of Directors of the State Association the advisability 

of appointing a paid secretary who would also act as 

organizer. Another roofing concern applied for membership 

in the local, whicli makes about 15 new members 

secured within the past 2 months.

SEPTEMBEH 10, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM F 

Milwaukee Sheet Metal Contractors Meet 

Twenty Members in Attendance at Monthly 

Gathering on Friday, September 3rd 

The regularly monthly meeting of the Master Sheet 

Metal Contractors' Association of Milwaukee, Wis., 

was held on Friday evening, September 3, with President 

Oscar A. Hoffman presiding. Twenty members 

were in attendance. 

The minutes of the meeting were read and approved. 

Secretary Edward Hoffman was instructed 

to make note in next month's notice of meeting that 

circulars for insurance report which were reqeived by 

the members should be filled out immediately and returned 

to Paul L. Biersaeh so that the committee will 

have something to work on. 

New York Sheet Metal Men's Activities 

Letter Being Sent Out to Trade by Secretary of 

Roofers and Sheet Metal Workers' Organization 

Members of the sheet metal industry are receiving 

from Secretary Herman Weinberger of the Employers' 

Association of Roofers and Sheet Metal Workers 

of Greater New York, headquarters 30-34c West Thirty-third 

Street, the following letter: 

Americans are the equal of all progressive nations 

in the fine and liberal Arts, Finance, Sports, in fact, 

in every one of life's activities. They even excel in 

some. 

Would you like the American Sheet Metal Worker 

to occupy a foremost position among the world's greatest 

mechanics ? If so, see to it that your apprentices 

will attend the sheet metal classes open for their benefit 

by the Board of Education, or any other sheet metal 

class conducted by approved private institutions. 

The course of instruction offered in the public 

schools would make a first-class mechanic of any ambitious 

young man. Remember, also, that there are 

many foreign young men serving their apprenticeship. 

By getting these boys to absorb the American spirit 

prevailing in these classes, you will not only help to 

acquire competent mechanics, but you will also help 

the great Americanization movement more than you 

can fathom. 

The apprentices have been notified when and where 

to register for admission. I look to you to encourage 

them on their way to become mechanics of whom we 

all can feel proud. 

Why not try to induce some of your mechanics who 

did not enjoy the advantages of a technical training, 

to also attend these classes. 

International Chamber of Commerce 

Headquarters 

The work of setting up the machinery of the newly 

organized International Chamber of Commerce is now 

under way in the temporary headquarters at 33 rue 

Jean-Donjon, Paris. The permanent headquarters, 

which will be determined by the Board of Directors, 

will probably be located at the seat/ of the League 

of Nations. 

Dr. Edward Dolleans, professor of Political Economy 

at the University of Dijon, who is the temporary 

secretary-general of the International Chamber, is directing 

the work of putting the machinery in motion. 

He is being temporarily assisted by David A. Skinner, 

secretary of the Chamber of Commerce of the United 

States. 

The outlook for the business "League of Nations" 

is very promising, according to American delegates 

who have returned to the United States from the Paris 

conference, where the International Chamber was 

formed. They report that no more earnest group of 

men ever met for a greater cause than the 500 delegates 

from France, Italy, Belgium, Great Britain and 

the United States—the five foundation countries—who 

gathered for the purpose of building the machine 

which would set in operation to deal with commercial 

problems between the nations. 

American delegates point out that never before had 

the business interdependence of the world's commerce 

and the acute character of many of the pressing commercial, 

financial and economic problems been formally 

recognized. Nor had there even been such a 

serious and united effort made to find common ground 

on which unity of thought and action might take 

place. 

SNAPS TAKEN AT PICNIC OF CHICAGO PLUMBERS AT 

KOLZE, ILL., ON AUGUST 28 

Top—Alice Goesch, The Gorh; 

1. White. Center—The Sale 

349

350 METAL WOi-KER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FIT T E R SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 



THE GUARANTEE RADIATOR WORKS, 111 Central 

Avenue, Newark, N. J., have been organized to manufacture 

automobile radiators and other sheet metal 

products. Louis Gerber. 183 South Thirteenth Street, 

heads the company. 

THE KELL-PHILIPP Co., INC , Holliday and Center 

Streets, Baltimore, manufacturer of slieet metal products, 

has preliminary plans under way for a new one 

and two-story factory, 70x 165 ft., to cost about 

.$50,000. 

THE METALWARE CORPORATION, Two Rivers. Wis., 

has been incorporated with a capital stock of $30,000 

to manufacture metal utensils, stamped, rolled, drawn 

and cast metal ware. The incorporators are William 

H. Ellis and Charles F. Kirst, both of Two Rivers. 

THE ILLINOIS METAL PROCESS CO. has leased a half 

block on Arthington Avenue, extending from Kilpatrick 

Avenue to the Belt Railway, Chicago. The property 

includes several brick buildings which, with additional 

structures to be erected, will be used in the manufacture 

of window sash weights and other metal 

products. 

THE KENTUCKY WAGON MANUFACTURING Co., 

Louisville, Ky., R. V. Board, president, has announced 

the purchase of additional land, making 47 acres in 

the plant site. It is planned to erect larger sheet 

metal working shops and increase the drop forging, 

casting and other shops in order to increase production 

of automobiles. 

THE U. S. FOIL CO., Louisville, Ky., controlled by 

the Reynolds Corporation, tobacco manufacturers, has 

announced that a large addition will be made to its 

local tin foil plant, increasing floor space by 65,000 ft., 

and number of employes. It is planned to have machinery 

installed and additions completed in 90 days. 

THE LOUISVILLE ALUMINUN & BRASS CO., a subsidiary 

of the Vendome Copper & Brass Works, is one of 

the new companies in Louisville, Ky., and is doing 

nicely. It is featuring casting work, especially aluminum, 

and plans later to handle much bigger work than 

at present. E. E. Sherman stated that the concern 

was getting a lot of automobile work and planned to 

even take up production of crank cases for autos. 

THE HOPKINS-LE FEVRE CO., Buhl Building, Detroit, 

Mich., has been appointed sales agents for the 

Bologh skylight for Michigan and Illinois. It reports 

that the skylight is meeting with wonderful success. 

It has contracts for ten theaters at the present time 

and is figuring on forty more to be erected in the 

early fall. 

THE PROBERT SHEET METAL CO. has offices and 

factory at 21 West Eighth Street, Covington, Ky., 

and is ready to make anything in sheet metal. It has 

been incorporated with a capital stock of $50,000 and 

the officers are: President, J. B. Heizer; vice-president, 

J. A. Downard; secretary, O. J. Carpenter; and 

treasurer, and general manager, E. R. Probert. Mr. 

Probert was superintendent of the Moeschl-Edwards 

Corrugating Co. for 8 years and is well qualified to 

handle the extensive line of work that company manufactures. 

It includes cornices, skylights, ventilators, 

gutters, lockers, marquise, garages, metal roofing, windows, 

ceilings, shingles, tiles, fire and rolling doors. 

FIRE RECENTLY DESTROYED A PORTION of the plant 

of the Steiger & Kerr Stove & Foundry Co., 2201 Folsome 

Street, San Francisco, with loss estimated at 

$25,000. 


THE PREST-O-LITE CO., Erie and Albany Street, 

Cambridge, Mass., has awarded contract to the Truscon 

Steel Co., 3.8 Sumner Street, Boston, for its proposed 

new acetylene plant on Erie Street, to cost about 

$100,000. 

THE GENERAL HEATING CORPORATION OF AMERICA, 

1172 Broadway, New York, manufacturer of heating 

apparatus, etc., has increased its capital from $150,000 

to $1,000,000. 

FROELICH BROTHERS, INC., 112 North Seventh 

Street, Philadelphia, manufacturer of pipe, fittings and 

plumbers' supplies, etc., has filed plans for a one-story 

building, 30 x 113 ft., to cost about $20,000. 

THE EDWARD SCHWARTZ MILL SUPPLY Co., INC., recently 

organized at 520 Toulouse Street. New Orleans, 

La., has purchased the surplus valves, pipe, fittings, 

etc.. in the Southern district from the U. S. Shipping 

Board, and plans to embark in the general mill supply 

business on a large scale. The members of the firm are 

E. and I. Marx of A. Marx & Sons, and A. Deifenthal 

and L. Seidenbach of the Soutliern Scrap Material 

Co., New Orleans, and Edward Schwartz, president 

and general manager. 

THE HARTFORD HOME BUILDERS' ASSOCIATION has 

placed an order for 250 Kelsey generators to be used 

in high-class workmen's houses now being built in that 

city. The Kelsey generators are manufactured by the 

Kelsey Heating Co., Syracuse, N. Y., manufacturersof 

heating and ventilating apparatus. 

To PROVIDE FACILITIES for a greater production of 

"Ever Hot" soldering torches the capital stock of the 

Peterson-Plumnier Manufacturing Co., Mavwood 111. 

has been increased to $175,000. This new convenient 

tool for plumbers and sheet metal workers has just 

been put on the market by Belfrey & Craighead, 1528 

Tribune Building. Cliicago, 111.


Head of English Firm Coming Here 

Maurice Sutcliffe, the managing director of the Sutcliffe 

Ventilating & Drying Co., Ltd., Cathedral 

Gates, Manchester, England, is on his way to New 

York and expects to arrive by the S. S. Victoria early 

in September. Mr. Sutcliffe has only made one previous 

trip to this country and that was 16 years ago. 

His father, J. D. Sutcliffe, the founder of the business, 

is well known to the Eastern and Middle states 

and his host of friends will be glad to bear that although 

be has retired from active participation in the 

business, be is in splendid health and spirits. The 

firm is anxious to handle anything American that relates 

to fans, ventilating, warming or dry plant, so 

long as it is superbly good. It is willing either to 

buy outright or to work on royalty. 

Anvone wishing to communicate with Maurice Sutcliffe 

Anay address him at the main office of METAL 

WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER, 156 Fifth Avenue, 


Liberty Hot Water Heater 

The Liberty water lieater, 

manufactured by the Cooper 

Sanitary Manufacturing Co., 

Philadelphia, Pa., is sliown in 

the accompanying illustration. 

A.s will be seen, this heater 

beats the water through the 

shell of the boiler itself on the 

old principle of the tea kettle 

on tbe stove. The shell of the 

water heater is of galvanized 

sheet iron entirely covering the 

combustion chamber of the 

burner and conducts the heat 

up along the side of range 

boiler. Complete information 

in regard to this lieater can be 

had by addressing the company. 

Oxweld Puts Out 

"Eveready" Book 

The new "Eveready ' instruction 

book put out recently 

by the Oxweld Acetylene Co., 

3610 Jasper Place, Chicago, 

111., is one of the best treatises 

on everyday oxy-acetylene 

welding and cutting that has 

thus far been produced in the commercial literature 

of the industry. 

The little volume is a compact and handy brochure, 

5x8 in., containing 55 printed pages, inclusive of illustrations 

and drawings. It covers the field of everyday 

applications in a remarkably clear and concise 

treatment and in language that is easy for the beginner 

to grasp, and it is at the same time invaluable to the 

experienced welder and cutter. The booklet is distributed 

free. 

Memphis Heating and Plumbing Trade 

Lew Tisdale & Co. has the contract at Memphis 

for the plumbing on a big new brick warehouse for the 

Stratton Grocery Co. 

Al Pritchard, of Pritchard Bros., Madison Ave- 

nue, and a party of plumber associates enjoyed an 

August outing at Hardy. Ark., well equipped with 

hunting and fishing preserves and a popular place just 

across the river for Memphians who love outdoor sport 

1 ritchard Bros, do much of the plumbing business of 

Memphis, they report an active summer and outlook 

for a busy fall season. 

3.1 

Business and Economic Conditions 

The Federal Reserve Board, under date of September 

1, issued a review of general husiness and financial 

conditions throughout the several Federal Reserve Districts 

during the month of August, as contained in 

forthcoming issue of Federal Reserve Bulletin. It 

shows that continued readjustment of economic and 

business conditions generally has been characteristic 

feature of August. Indications are that transition 

period is nearing halt and that improvement of general 

situation is in sight. 

Chain Products Co. New Sales Manager 

A. B. Way, until recently secretary and general 

manager of the Bridgeport Chain Co., has become affiliated 

with the Chain Products Co., of Cleveland, 

Ohio, in the capacity of district sales manager for New 

England, with headquarters at the company's New 

York office, 150-152 Chambers Street. 

For many years prior to his identification with the 

chain industry, Mr. Way had been affiliated with various 

New England manufacturing institutions. During 

the great war, the importance of the chain industry 

was recognized by the War Industries Board to the 

extent of creating a separate Chain Division, under 

which was grouped all the manufacturers of chain of 

all kinds in the United States. Under this division, 

Mr. Way was elected chairman of the Board of Weldless 

Wire Chain Manufacturers. He carries with him 

the best wishes of his many friends in the industry 

for his complete success in his new undertaking. 

New York Evening Trade Schools 

Registration Dates 

The Board of Education, New York City, announces 

that five of the evening schools in which trade 

classes are conducted, will be open for registration 

on the evenings of September 13 to 17, inclusive, as 

follows: 

Murray Hill Evening High School, 237 East Thirtyseventh 

Street. 

Evening School No. 95, West Houston Street, near 

Hudson Street, Manhattan. 

Harlem Evening High School, 138th Street and Fifth 

Avenue, Harlem. 

Bushwick Evening High School, 400 Irving Avenue, 

Brooklyn. 

Evening School No. 5. Bridge and Tillery Streets, 

Brooklvn. 

Death of Alfred G. Hinderer 

Alfred G. Hinderer. 57 years of age, Louisville manager 

for Follansbee Brothers Co.. Cincinnati, large 

manufacturers and handlers of tin plate, lead, solder 

and tinners' and plumbers' lead product lines, died at 

Louisville on August 26, following an emergency operation 

for a tumor of the brain. Mr. Hinderer lived in 

Louisville for 25 vears. He was a native of Germany.

352 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM F IT T E R SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 



Black and Galvanized Sheets—Production and delivery 

better. Advances showing. 

Tin Plate—Bright plates more plentiful for trade needs 

and more roofing plates showing. 

Tin—Market fluctuating with little buying. 

Copper.—Demand sluggish, price firm. 

Zinc—Market neglected, weaker. 

Antimony—Sluggish and firm. 

Foundry Coke—Better supply. Price easier. 

Linseed Oil—Quiet and soft. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Light demand. Prices unchanged. 

Conflicting Influences But Prices Hold 

J~[T In other fields prices are coming down and buy- 

Ji ers naturally want reductions in the heating, 

plumbing and sheet metal lines but face advances. 

Freight rates are up, but, when applied to many small 

things, affect costs very slightly and the railroads are 

watching price advances that may be attributed to 

rates with determination to show up any profiteering. 

Coal prices have softened and coke, while holding, is 

expected to follow, but with demand good the movement 

is not rushing. Pig iron demand has slowed 

down and the peak is off. Labor is better in quantity 

and quality and service is improving, but continues 

high in cost. 

Goods in all lines are scarce and shipments delayed. 

With these conditions cost of production is still high, 

freight rates up and advances in cast iron and brass 

goods are expected. Jobbers' stocks are by no means 

well assorted and orders for out-of-town are seldom 

Scrap Iron, New York.— Most dealers are paying the 

filled readily if of any size. There is little to encour increase in freight rate and disposing of their scrap at a 

age the hope of builders .and the people for price re slightly lower figure. 

cessions and the tradesman who states the facts and 

hustles for the trade of those who can pay will be most 

successful. 


New York.—The market is extremely dull with little 

iron available for immediate delivery and $52 seems to be 

the minimum of eastern Pennsylvania iron. Some controversy 

in reference to freight rates on Southern iron. 

We quote for delivery in the New York district as follows, the 

higher quotations being for prompt delivery and the lower for 

first half of 1920, except on Virginia • iron, ton which the two 

quotations are due to freight rates, one being at 40 per cent 

advance and the other at 33 1-3 per cent: 

East Pa., No. 1 fdv.. Sil. 2.75 to 3.25 $55.52 to $57.52 

East Pa., No. 2X fdy., 2.25 to 2.75 53.77 to 55.77 

East Pa., No. 2 fdy., Sil. 1.75 to 2.25 52.52 to 54.52 

Buffalo, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 54.46 

No. 2 Virginia, Sil. 1.75 to 2.25 55.87 to 56.16 

Philadelphia.—Tlie demand for foundry iron is mostly 

for small lots for prompt delivery. Inquiry for first half is 

noted but without haste to buy and sellers are not pressing. 



iron, which are f.o.b. furnace: 

East Pa., No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil $52.25 to $52.54 

East Pa., No. 2X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 53.51 to 53.79 

Virginia No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil 56.72 

Chicago.—rhe market is generally quiet, foundries serving 

automobile industries have reduced output with result 

iron has gone to other melters. The demand for spot iron 

has fallen off notably because of heavy purchases before 

new freight rate became effective. A second Virginia furnace 

is taking first quarter orders at $50 base furnace. 



irons, including low phosphorus, which are f.o.b. furnace 

and do not incluude a switching charge averaging 70c per ton. 

Northern coke, No. 1, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 last half $48.25 


Northern coke foundry, No. 2, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 



Southern coke, No. 1 foundry and No. 1 soft 

sil. 2.75 to 3.25 $50.92 to 51.87 


Sounthern foundry, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 48.67 

Cleveland.— In spite of reduced consumption by automobile 

foundries furnaces are able to ship their output, 

though foundries generally are not buying for next year. 

We quote delivered Cleveland as follows, based on the new 

freight rates, these being a 56c switching charge for local iron, a 

$1.96 freight rate from Valley points, a $3.36 rate from Jackson and 

$6.67 from Birmingham. 

Basic $49.06 

Northern No. 2 fdv., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 50.56 



Cincinnati.— The market is extremely dull and resale 

iron is offered by foundries engaged on automobile work. 

There is good demand from the stove and implement 

foundries. 

Based on freight rates of $4.50 from Birmingham and $2.52 

from Ironton, we quote f.o.b. Cincinnati: 

Southern coks, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (base price) $46.50 to $47.50 

Southern coke, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 (No. 2 soft).... 47.50 to 48.75 

Ohio silverv, 8 per cent sil 62.52 

Southern Ohio coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (No. 2).... 48.52 to 49.52 

OLD MATERIALS 

Phices which dealers in New York and Brooklyn are quoting to 

local foundries, per gross ton: 





No. 2 cast (radiators cast boilers, etc.) 29.00 to 30.00 

Iron and steel pipe (1 in. diam., not under 

2 ft. long 19.50 to 20.00 


Scrap Iron, Chicago.— The general demand is quiet 

with cast scrap notably weak due to curtailed foundry 

operations. 



No. 1 cast 35.00 to $35.50 






Orate bars 28.50 to 29.00 





Scrap L-on, Pittsburgh.— Trading is on a much lio-hter 

scale and the market soft in some directions. 


other districts that take Pittsburgh freight rates as follows- 



Machine shop turnings 16.50 to 17 00 

Heavy steel axle turnings 24.00 to 25 00 

Heavy breakable cast ..., 37.00 to 38 00 

Stove plate 31.50 to 3200 

(ast iron bormgRs ' 20.50 to 2100 

Xo. 1 railroad wrought 33.00 to 34.00



(Formerly tf/LQ&tOJlt(> Apparatus) 

SHORT CUTS to BIGGER PROFITS 

N all Metal Working Shops there are Many Short 

Cuts to Bigger Profits through the use of Eveready 

Welding and Cutting Outfits. 

Let us point out the Bigger Profits YOU can make, 

and now you ean make them with Eveready 

5 equipment. 

Designed for the manufacturing plant, garage, 

machine shop, boiler shop, contractor, plumber and 

steamfitter. 

EVEREADY apparatus and supplies are for sale 

in your locality. Fill in Coupon below for New 

Catalog, and the name and address of your nearest 

distributor. 


(Eveready Apparatus Dipt.) 

3644 JASPER PLACE CHICAGO, ILL. 

WORLD'S LARGEST MAKERS OF OXY-ACETYLENE WELDING AND CUTTING OUTFITS 


Eveready Apparatus Dept, 

361- Jasper PL, Chicago, 111. 

Please mail me Free of Charge your Nev? 

Eveready Catalog and address of your distributor 

in my locality. 

Name 

P. O. Address 

WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM FITTER when writing to advertisers 

OE-511

354 M E T A L W O R K E R , P L U M B E R A N D S T E A M FITTER SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 

Old Metals, New York — Prices generally are a little 

lower this week and business very quiet. Dealers' buying 

prices are as follows: 

Cents 

Copper, heavy and crucible 

per lb. 

15.25 

'Upper, heavy and wire 14.25 





Xo. 1 yellow brass turnings 9.00 


Lead. Heavv 7.50 


Zinc 

Old .Metals, Chicago.— All metals are»quiet and tin, 

5.25 

lead and spelter have declined. Dealers' buying prices 

follow: 



Yellow lirass. borings 8.50 






Tea lead 5.00 



Zinc 4.00 

Pewter. Xo. 1 22.50 

Old Rubber.— There is still little movement in old rubber, 

buying covering only immediate needs. Prices in some 

instances are lower. Wholesale dealers' buving quotations 

are: 

Boots and shoes 5-_ to 6 

Trimmed Arctics 4'/, to 4^4 

Auto tires 2"4 

Bicvcle tires 1 to VA. 

Solid tires Iii to 2J_ 

Xo. 1 inner tubes 11 to 12 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4J_ 

Mixed Red scrap l_i to 2 

Mixed black scrap IK* to 2 

Cotton fire hose .4 to 154 

Garden hose 

3 A to 1 

Old Rags.—There is a fairly active tone to the old rags 

market 

are: 

and prices are strong.' Wholesale dealers' prices 

No. 1 whites $10.50 to $11.00 

No. 2 whites 5.50 to 5.75 





Paper Stock.—An active demand is reported in the 

paper stock market and higher prices are expected. Wholesale 

dealers' buying quotations for Xew York are: 





New York, Sept. 10, 1920. 

Black and Galvanized Sheets.—The pig iron that has 

been used in the production of sheets has heen at a higher 

cost than ever before in this country and with the training 

of the workers and the higher wages the strength in the 

price seems likely to continue. Some advances are being 

shown in spite of the desire of the buyer influenced by the 

trend in textiles and other entirely different commodities. 

Productions and deliveries are better and the effect of 

higher freights is exerting an influence for higher prices. 

Tin Plate.— Buyers of bright plate are exacting in their 

demands with some betterment of conditions for supplying 

them. Notwithstanding the high price as compared witli 

former times, roofing plates are receiving an interested attention. 

There are now two kinds of 40-lb. coated plates on 

BURT 

FAN VENTILATORS 

Are especially designed to provide a rapid change of 

air, quickly removing foul air and poisonous fumes. 

This renders them particularly efficient under the 

most difficult conditions such as are common in black 

smith shops, rubber factories, foundries, laundries, etc. 

Burt Fan Ventilators are made in eight sizes, from 30 

to 72 inches. They are fully equipped with ball bear 

ings and operate on 14 to % horsepower. 

Our Engineering Department is 

at the service of those who have 

difficult engineering problems. 



George W. Reed & Co., Montreal, 

Sole Manufacturer of "Burt" Ventilators for Canada

SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 M E TAL WORKER, PI. U M B E R A N D S T E A ..I FIT T E R 

the market, the newer one adhering more closely to Government 

specifications. 

Copper.—The present prices are holding remarkably 

firm and having shown no shrinkage under the conditions of 

several dull months they are expected to show an advance of 

increased activity. Mill orders for either brass or copper 

sheets are delayed in delivery. 

Tin.— Thc fluctuations in the market are discouraging 

purchases except for immediate needs and they have a downward 

tendency. 

Lead.— The lead market is quiet with consumers sliowing 

some interest in the Australian and Mexican metal which 

is offered at Y2c below the market. The metal is selling 

lower in New York than at producing centers and the jobbing 

districts. 

Zinc.—Some buyers are of the opinion that the strength 

of the zinc market has had its run but with a dull market 

price are holding and any activity of buyers is likely to 

be met with continued firmness. 

Antimony.— Tbe demand is good and buyers are likely 

to meet an advance on increased activities. 

Tin Plate, Pittsburgh.—Although some makers have 

noted a slight falling away in new inquiries in the past week 

or so, the more general report is that buyers are as insistent 

for supplies as they have been at any "time recently. Tin 

plate shipments West have been helped by the fact that box 

cars going into the grain belt have been made available for 

loading. This, however, does not help out the position of 

the Eastern makers of containers and they are still striving 

earnestly to get a place on the books of makers. It is 

claimed that no trouble whatever would be experienced by 

makers in obtaining $8.50 per base box for production tin 

plate for last quarter shipment, and that even $9 might be 

obtained. It is noted, however, that the recent inquiry for 

200,000 base boxes for fourth quarter shipment was not 

placed because the buyer would not go above $8. Mill 

stocks are very much lighter than they have been, but an 

makers are several months behind in tbeir quotas. 

Sheets, Pittsburgli.—In general the market does not 

appear to be as strong as it was recently, because the decline 

in the specifications of the automobile industry has 

been progressive, and this has made it possible for a number 

of makers to give more attention to orders for other finishes 

and make better deliveries against such lines. The story 

still is current that 10c or higher has been done on galvanized 

sheets, but when run down it is found that delivery in 

four to six weeks is guaranteed and that only small tonnages 

are involved. In a general way, the prompt market 

in this class of material from independent mills is quotable 

from 9c to .50c. The market in the heavier gage, of blue 

annealed sheets is affected by competition from plate 

makers and black sheets are not running so high in price 

as they did recently because in the case of some companies 

the bulk of the business was in automobile tonnage which 

has been held up. 


Linseed Oil.—The linseed oil is still dull, although improvement 

is anticipated. Prices are lower. In lots of 5 

bill, and over, city raw American seed is quoted at ,$1.25 

and out-of-town raw American seed is quoted at $1.35. In 

lots of less than 5 bbl., 3c more per gallon is asked. Boiled 

oil brings 2c more per gallon than raw oil. 

Spirits of Turpentine.— The tone of tbe spirits of turpentine 

market is weaker and quiet. In machine barrels in 

yard, wholesale price is $1.49 per gallon. 

Rosin.— Demand in the rosin market continues dull and 

prices have declined. On the basis of 280 lb. to the barrel, 

the wholesale price of common-to-good strained is $13.00. 


Iron and Steel Pipe.— Conditions show no material 

change from those of a week ago except for the fact that 

there no longer is much speculative, or what has been known 

in the trade as "boot legging" demand, for oil country pipe. 

.Movement of this class of pipe from Pittsburgn and Youngs- 

Even Water Costs Money These Days 

Watrous Duojet Closets, Using Less 

Water, Have a Powerful Sales Advantage 

Each time a Watrous closet is finished the 

work is thoroughly done on 2 to 3 gallons 

less water than an ordinary closet would 

use. 

In a year's time where there are many 

closets in the Iiuilding the money-saving is 

tremendous. 

The Watrous principle is simple and exclusive. 

'Iwo powerful converging jets insure 

Send for catalog. 

immediate thorough flush with no delay in 

action. No water is wasted in building up 

a siphon. A positive water seal is always 

left in the bowl. Watrous Duojet closets 

have no zig-zag passages to clog. 

The Imperial Brass Mfg. Co 

1223 W. Harrison St. Chicago, HI. 

town mills has benefited materially by the placement of 00 

cars daily for such shipments. The National Tube Co. has 

not materially reduced its accumulated stocks, save possibly 

at its Lorain, Ohio, works, which has benefited by the availabilty 

of cars going to thc lake ports loaded with coal. 

Shipping conditions at the Wheeling works of this company, 

and for that matter at other plants in that district, still are 

bad, and at its McKeesport plant, congestion is so acute 

that it may soon be necessary to again curtail operations. 

Storage space for butt-weld pipe is said to be nearly exhausted. 

Foundry Coke.—'llie market showed some strength 

over the latter part of the week due to a falling away in 

the car placements, which affected production, and also to 

some extent demands occasioned by fears of a decline in 

oven output as a result of the Labor Day holiday. The 

market moved up to a minimum of .$17.50 per net ton, oven, 

for furnace grade, and some business was done as high as 

,$1S. The fears about the effect of the holiday upon oven 

operations, however, appear to have been unfounded, and 

since the car placement to-day was a liberal one, there was 

a flood of offerings which wiped out the advance of the 

latter part of last week. A few sales were reported early 

to-day at $17.50, but later producers and brokers freely 

were "offering tonnages at that figure, and saies were made 

down to $17. Free offering of foundry coke remains comparativelv 

light, and selected fuel is moving fairly promptly 

at the usual premium of $1 per ton above the price of furnace 

grade. Almost nothing is being done in contracts for 

either the last quarter of this year or the first quarter or 

half of next year. The fact that the coal requirements both 

of New England and the Northwest has been pretty welt 

met, and the belief that if there is an extension of the order 

directing coal to these districts after September 21, it will 

be considerably modified encourages expectations of lower 

coal prices, and it is figured that coal cannot drop much 

without affecting the price of coke.

















ALUMINUM- 



100-lb. lots—37 to 39c. 

ANTIMONY— 


9c to 10c 



BISMUTH— 

Per lb $4.00 to $4.50 

CONDUCTORS— 

Corrugated— 




Copper 10% 







Conductor.) 



COPPER— 

Lake ingot 21-21 1 5 in 4.25 4.05 3.00 ROSIN— 


5J. in 4.90 4.50 3.50 Common to good strained (whole private brands very according to 

6 in 5.05 4.75 4.00 sale), 280 lbs., per bbl $13.60 composition. 

7 in 6.50 7.50 SHEETS— 







Plain Round and Corrugated- No. 10, per lb 6.50-8.10 5-lb. cans, each $3,00 

All sizes up to 6 in 50% .40% No. 12, per lb 6.55-8.15 A. S. P. Fluid: 

Square— 

N'o. 14, per lb 6.60-8.20 Gallon $1.25 

Square 

No. 16, per lb 6.70-8.30 12-gal. Carboy 90c per gallon 

Copper- 

No. Black— One Pass. C. R. (Jug and carboy extra) 

All sizes Net List No. 


Furnace Pipe and Fittings- No. 18 to 

per lb 8.90-10.90 

20, per lb 8.80-10.80 gal $1.75 

Standard list..Prices on application No. 22 to 

per lb 8.95-10.95 

24, per lb 8.S5-10.85 SOLDERING COPPERS— 

No. per lb 9.00-11.00 


LEAD— 

No. per lb 9.05-11.05 


American Pig, per lb. ..lie to 11_!C 

No. per lb 9.25-11.25 

per lb. 

Bar, per lb 12c to Ioc 

No. and lighter, 36 wide, 

Wellsville 

In lots of less than 100 lbs., ad 

METAL LATH— 

10c higher 

tin 20 gaug 

vance 4c per lb. 


Polished— 


PAINTS, OILS, ETC.— than 500 

11.60 

2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 

Leads— 

id 24 gauge 11.70 

Copper $2.80 $3.75 $5.75 $9.00 dz. 

Lead, American White, in Oil, 26 gauge 11.80 

Galv 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 dz. 

kegs less than 500 lbs., 15J/2c 28 Nos. gauge 12.00 


Lead, White, in Oil, 25-lb. Galvanized— 

No. 


pails; add to keg price 'Ac 

Nos. 

Cents per lb. 


Lead, Red, in Oil, less 

Nos. 12 and 14 9.10-11.10 


lbs., 15c 

No. 16 9.25-11.25 


>_c Dry Colors- 

No. 18 and 20 9.40-11.40 



No. 22 and 24 9.25-11.55 


Casting 19|i-20c 

Per 100 lbs., 2'/, to 5c No. 26 9.70-11.70 

IC, 14x20 $16.50 

COPPER SHEETS 


No. 27 9.85-11.85 

IX, 14 x 20 18.75 

Hot Rolled, 24-oz. base price, per Brown, per ton $32.00 to $36.00 28 10.00-12.00 

IXX, 14 x 20 , 20.50 

lb., 29J_C mill. 

48 in. Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 30 10.50-13.00 

IXXX, 14 x 20 22.25 

From stock 31c to 33c in 100 lb. to lots Oils- 

28 and lighter, 36 in. wide, 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 

and over. 

96.in. Linseed City Raw $1-25 

20c higher 


For less than 100-lb. lots, 2c per sq. ft. lb. Linseed, Boiled, advance, per Corrugated Roofing—Galvanized— 

IC, 14 x 20 $14.25 

advance. 

7c gal 2c 2J_ in. corrugations, 30 per 100 lbs. 

IX, 14 x 20 16.25 

Colled Rolled, 2c 14 and heavier 6c Out of Town American Seed over flat sheets. 

IXX, 14 x 20 18.00 

per lb. advance over hot rolled. 9c at .1-25 Corrugated Roofing—Painted- 

IXXX, 14x20 19.75 

Polished— 48 Flats, in. 24 oz. Spirits Turpentine— 


IXXXX, 14 x 20 21.50 

per Iong lb 38c In Machine Bbl $149 2H-in. Corrugation 


96. and in. 

PUTTY— 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 


less Over 

Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

80-lb $11.80 

sq. ft 96. in. 

In 1-lb to 5-lb. tins, 6.00 to 7.35c No. 26, per 100 sq. ft. 

90-lb 11.90 

10 in. wide and under 6c sq. ft. 

REGISTERS— 

No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

100-lb 12.00 

10 in. to 36 in. wide... 5c 6c 

Cast Iron 10% SLATE ROOFING— 

IC 12.25 


Semi-Steel or Steel, in Black for F. O. B. cars, Quarry Station. 

IX 13.25 

Planished, lj_c per sq. ft. more 8c 

25% White Japan or Electro plate and 

Per Square 

IXX 14.25 


.40% Small Faces and Borders ....20% 

According 

IXXX 15.25 

Bottom, Pitts and 

Wall Frames 20% Pennsylvania— to size 

IXXXX 16.25 

base and heavier, 

Large Faced, 14 x 14 in. and Best Bangor $8.00 to $11.00 

Terne Plate- 

Tinning— 

larger 40% No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 

Small lu.s, 8-lb. Coating: 

long 

Base Board Registers 20% Pen Argyl 7.75 to 8.25 

100-lb., 14 x 20 $9.35 

and 

Base Board Intakes 20% Peach Bottom 10.50 to 12.50 

IC. 14 x 20 9.50 

less 

White Enameled Goods 5% No. 1 Chapman 7.75 to 8.75 

IX, 14 x 20 10.50 

sq. ft. 

Solid Brass or Bronze Goods, ex Vermont— 


20 in. wide and under 5c 

cept Grilles Net No. 1 Sea Green $5.00 to $8.50 

squared: 

Over 20 in. to 48 in. wide 6c 

Grilles in Black and White Japan Unfading Green 6.50 to 13.50 



or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain Red 22.00 



Lattice, Design. Smaller than Maine— 


Galvanized—Toncan or ingot, 

14 x 14 in., 



Galvanized steel 

Walter's Prices and on application Cooper's No. 1 Metal Shingles $14.00 



Slaters felt, 30-lb roll 2.00 

M. F. Grade 13.50 


40-lb. roll 2.25 

40-lb: Coating 15.00 to 15.50 

Lap or Slip Joint, The 10% above list. 

$102.00 SOLDER— 



per roll, 108 sq. ft. '.. to .'., guaranteed 38c 

The 

ELBOWS- 

2-Ply Tarred Paper $1.60 No. ! 35c 

Per lb. in 5-lb. bags 22c 

Shingles 

NO. 1 No. 2 No. 3 3-Ply Tarred Paper 2.00 Refined 30c 

ZINC SHEETS— Shingles 

That Last 

Western Slabs 10-llc 

4 in $4.00 $3.90$ 2.75 Rosin Sized Sheathing, 

Sheets That No. 9 base Last casks U'/iC 

Wi in 4.10 3.95 2.85 


The Most Complete Roofing Line Pitch, of Designs per ton $30.00 The Best Material, Workmanship and Finish 

Open Made per in lb Painted Tin or 15c Genuine Be-dipped G alvanized Tin 

Sold at the light price May we send you full-size samples and prices? 


Please quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTE 


JERSEY CITY, N. J.



The Magazine fox 


FI.UKAL PARK, X. Y., SEPT. 17, 1920 

W^wm 



VOLLME 91, Xo. 12 

Price Cutter, Fool or Knave, Not Salesman 

The Special Importance of a Proper Regard for Merchandising 

as the Balance Wheel of Your Business—Nothing Costs So 

Little as Salesmanship or So Increases Profits 

The Sweetness of Low Prices Is Soon Forgotten But 

the Bitterness of Low Quality Is Always Bemembered 

US1NESS is not far different from an 

B ciently when fully loaded with just 

enough overload to'keep up the pace. When 

business is good, affording the opportunity 

of keeping work in front of all employees 

with just enough extra work on hand to 

slightly crowd all hands from the boss 

down, labor efficiency reaches its maximum 

and profits are proportionately greater. If 

this condition prevailed the year round, 

everything would be peaches and cream. 

The hard actual fact is that it does not obtain, except 

in a very few instances, for more than a part of 

each year. Contracts as well as jobbing are to a large 

extent seasonable and between occur the dull periods. 

When the evidences of a shortage of work appear 

on the horizon, there also comes the great temptation 

to which, very, very unfortunately a large portion of 

tlie trade succumb, to take on work at little or no 

profit in order to hold the men for rush seasons. This 

is not only unfortunate but an extremely bad practice 

as it brings on an unhealthy condition in business, 

often resulting in a direct loss on the work, a break 

in the morale of the men, bad feeling among competitors, 

the ill effects of which, in some instances, extend 

over a period of months or years. 

UNDER-BIDDING A SELF-DESTROYING CRIME 

Again there is the practice of under-bidding. By 

that is meant the contractor, in estimating to get the 

work, takes, as you might say, "pot luck'' on the 

chance of breaking a little better than even. This 

is so prevalent as to be one of the most 

serious weaknesses of the trade, and the 

reasons ascribed for so doing are amazing 

or ridiculous, as you choose. The effect 

of this under-bidding is felt by the trade 

in every community at various times and 

in some it prevails year in and year out. 

Apparently there i.s always some shop 

out for a job or, for some imaginary reason, 

think they must have the next job, so 

they rush in blindly to get it at any price. 

The fact that in many cases they face a 

direct loss on the work seems to be as unin .portant to 

them as one more flea to a mangy dog. This attitude 

and practice is so common as to amount to plain stupidity. 

There is no other logical deduction that can 

be drawn. 

The best argument advanced is that it is often necessary 

to resort to price cutting in order to keep the 

men busy. To accept that as justification of the act 

you have to be endowed like the neighbor of a much 

over-worked and financially embarrassed father of a 

debutante daughter. The latter had just returned 

from a normal college qualified as a teacher, but 

consistently occupied with the powder puff and mirror 

wliile "mother dear" did the housework. The neighbor 

in a casual conversation with the father remarked 

tliat although prices bad gone up, the daughter having 

finished her studies would be self-supporting, thus affording 

him some relief. Tlie parent smiled wanly 

and replied: "Heavens, but I wish I was endowed 

with your faith." Therefore, if you wish to justify 

price cutting to kee)) busy, advance any reason and

338 , METAL WORKER, P.I. U M 

create any work. Certainly it did not, but it did keep 

the fellows who indulged in it so busy in trying to 

pull even that their eyes were filled with sweat which 

blinded them to opportunities and kept them in total 

ignorance of their business. 

There are always two roads (even in South Carolina 

they have two, one for negroes and dogs and the 

other for wliite folks), and if you are to travel the 

right road in business, you must know your own 

business. 

Take that same community. The fact that all the 

men were kept busy proves that there was enough 

work in there to keep them busy, does it not? Now, 

instead of cutting prices, we will assume that these 

shops all understand tbe opportunities of the merchandising 

end of their business and push that branch as 

well as the others. That means at least 10 salesmen 

in the field coming in contact with from 10 to 100 customers 

each working day, each salesman alert for an 

opportunity to sell something in his line. Then there 

are a tliousand and one items which will not only net 

him a profit but require a mechanic to install. 

Is there any doubt that those 10 men will sell a lot 

of goods and a lot of service? Does it require a vivid 

imagination to foresee that to the work done in that 

community under the prevalent price cutting could 

have been added all the extra work of installing the 

goods sold in pushing the merchandising end of their 

business? Therefore you can see that if the trade had 

not been stampeded through ignorance of their own 

business into grabbing the jobs that all of this work 

would have been done at a fair profit? Better work 

would result and all concerned be proportionately 

benefited. 

Merchandising, if properly pushed, is the balance 

wheel of your business which will to a great extent 

smooth over the slack periods in the other branches. 

Go through the pages of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER 

AND STEAM FITTER and scan the advertisements for 

articles which will sell in your town. Every issue offers 

opportunities to you. Make it a practice to keep 

this wheel working the year around; it is easy and 

profitable and will help you find 



The Six Best Cellars 

*Bv FORREST CRISSEY 

TVT O; they're not the ones you're thinking of—but 

they're even better examples of preparedness. 

As I see it, the six best cellars in America will be 

the half dozen first to receive their stocks of coal for 

tlie winter of 1920-1921. 

Being among those authors who have never had the 

ER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 

have faith that it is a good one. Do not indulge luck to in commit that crime against lofty literary stan 

facts as they will ridicule it. 

dards known as a Best Seller, I've made up my mind 

ALWAYS WORK FOR ALL WHO HUSTLE 

to achieve something like that distinction if I have to 

take no end of poetic license in any spelling to do so. 

Take for example any community. If price cutting As I see it. the path to that distinction is so plain that 

has prevailed and the men of the various shops have a wayfaring man. though a writer, need not miss it. 

thereby been kept busy, then it is not a perfectly sim And the legend on the guide-post is that old, hackple 

and logical deduction as well as a fact to state that neyed and abused bit of advice: "Buy Early and 

there was work enough in that community to keep all Avoid the Rush." 

the men busy in any case? Cutting prices did not 

NEXT SEASON'S COAL SUPPLY 

Yes; I'm committed to the program of putting in 

mv coal for next season about the time the trees begin 

putting on early spring veils of tender green and the 

robins begin to appear on the lawn instead of in the 

newspapers. 

Why this sudden passion for previousness? 

I'll admit that forehandedness has never been my 

favorite vice. However, I can learn a few things 

from Experience if Fm hit often and hard enough in 

the same place. 

And when it comes to that I don't flatter myself that 

•Fm marvelously different from the general run of 

folks. As Will Payne says: "We're all so much 

alike !" 

Tliere are lots of things that I like to buy and to 

buy them before they're actually needed. But coal 

has never been one of them. And when a strike and 

an empty coal bin compelled a few painful reflections 

on this subject I concluded that my attitude was disgustingly 

common—as common, for example, as good 

intentions or paving bricks. 

When you come to think of it, isn't it a silly custom 

to wait ntuil you need to throw coal on the fire before 

you put it into your bin? Are we as silly and improvident 

about anything else that we know we must 

have? I think not. 

THE VALUE OF PROTECTION 

To my chastened and regenerated view of this subject 

there is just as much reason for buying coal as 

there is for buying life insurance in advance of actual 

consumption. In the first place it comes cheaper that 

way. Besides, you have the benefit of the protection, 

and I'll leave it to any shivering fellow-sufferer from 

the late lamented coal famine whether a knowledge of 

being fully protected against the repetition of that experience 

isn't worth real money. 

How did we happen to get caught in that kind of 

a trap? 

Because we followed the fashion of putting in our 

coal at the same time everybody was doing it and doing 

it at about the same instant. The result was a jam 

that created a tactical situation that any ambitious 

labor leader would have taken advantageous of in his 

sleep. 

The main plea of the striking miner was: "This is 

a seasonal occupation; we must crowd our year's work 

into a few months." And he told the truth too. 

But that plea would lose a lot of pep if every man 

able to do so would put in his coal for next winter in 

the season of summer heat, mosquitoes and outdoors 

swimming. 

'Copyright, 1920, by'The Retail Coalman. ] n c

SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 M E T A I, WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEA.M FITTER 

VIEW OF SHOWROOM OF A MERCHANT MECHANIC WHO HAS BEEN BITTEN BY THE GINGER BUG OF MERCHANDISING 

Path That Leads to Money in the Banl. 

You Should Catch the Merchandising Germ—It Will Not Hurt 

You and Will Be of Great Benefit to You in Your Business 

H O W many furnaces do you sell each year in your 

territory—5 or 500? Don't you want to sell 

more? You can do it by using the many merchandising 

and sales ideas which are at your disposal. 

You wouldn't buy a horse from a photograph; neither 

can you expect your prospective customers to buy 

furnaces from a catalog when some other enterprising 

fellow has them on display so that the buyer can 

see just what he is getting, and with an explanation 

of just what the furnace will do and how. He is the 

man that's getting the business. 

It is up to every furnaceman to wake up, take a 

leaf from his book and sell furnaces, not merely install 

them. Department stores are seeing a profitable 

future in furnaces, and, in many places, are adding 

them to their already extensive lines. 

The furnaceman with his superior knowledge can 

make bigger sales by selling the goods with service, 

and, by co-operation with all the forces in the field, 

can work toward the common end of more sales and 

better heating jobs. 

The manufacturers aim to produce a more efficient 

furnace as a result of the tests being conducted at 

the University of Illinois, and the furnace and sheet 

metal men, through their trade development plan 

presented at the recent Peoria convention, expect to 

make more sales. 

The future for furnaces is very bright, and the most 

3.J9 

efficient heating system possible will result through 

the co-operation of the manufacturer and installer 

along merchandising lines. 

If the furnaceman intends to be the big seller in 

his town, he must follow the department store plan 

and put furnace displays on his floor and in his showwindow 

to attract the prospect, and then by courteous 

attention and proper sales talk secure his interest. 

Begin at the beginning—dust up, scrub up and paint 

up. Make the store attractive—so that people will 

want to come in. Then get a display which has some 

action so that a crowd will collect. Every furnace 

manufacturer is willing to help because it will help 

their sales. 

The dealer's greatest asset, the show-window, is 

being neglected, and to get warm-air furnaces before 

the public every space should be made to work. This 

will help reduce the overhead, and that is what every 

business man wants. 

A suggestive window display which has been arranged 

_o help dealers by the Buck Stove & Range 

Co., St. Louis, Mo., is shown in an accompanying 

cut' It takes about one day to put in, and under test 

it has been the best business-getter that the company 

has developed. It stops people because there is action. 

The ash-pit section on the left having a water 


360 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM EITTER SEPTEMBER 17, l»*u 

The Hazard of the Defective Chimney 

Model Chimney Ordinance Drawn for the National 

Board of Fire Underwriters to Reduce Heavy Fire Losses 

CONSERVATION of fuel and of buildings was 6. Chimneys shall not rest upon or be carried by 

the purpose of the insurance interests in having wooden floors, beams or brackets or be hung from 

its consulting engineer, Ira H. Woolston, draft wooden rafters. Iron brackets or stirrups attached 

an ordinance with diagrams for tbe guidance of au to wooden construction shall not be used to support 

thorities in providing such regulations. Most fires chimneys, In frame buildings chimneys shall alwavs 

are found to be strictly preventable and a properly be built from the ground up, or rest on basement 

constructed chimney is an important factor. Some walls. 

observations are made of a general nature that show 7. Chimneys shall be built upon concrete or ma 

where neglect and other faults lie and where beneficial sonry foundations properly proportioned to carry the 

changes may be made. Some recommendations are weight imposed witiiout danger of settlement or crack 

unnecessary, as the lining of chimneys with tile. ing. Foundations shall be at least 12 in. wider on 

There are too few contractors who realize the dan all sides than the area of the chimney. The foundager 

of supporting chimneys upon brackets or beams tion for an exterior chimney shall start below the 

instead of building them from the ground up, resting frost line. 

on firm foundations. There also exists the bad prac .S. The walls of brick buildings may form part 

tice of building chimneys with bricks on edge, which of a chimney, but the side walls of the chimney shall 

is sure to crack, to reduce the draft and make it pos be securely bonded into the walls of the building. 

sible for sparks to escape. After similar observations Xo wall less than 12 in. thick shall be used to sup 

and suggestions the ordinance is as follows: 

port a corbeled chimney; such corbeling shall not pro 

1. Tlie walls of chimneys used for stoves, ranges, ject more than 6 in. from the face of the wall and in 

fireplaces, heating furnaces, or other heating appli all cases the corbeling shall consist of at least five 

ances, whether the fuel used be wood, coal, oil, or gas, courses of brick. Flues in party walls shall not ex 

Section /, 

shall be built of brick, concrete, stone. tend beyond the center of the walls, and their loca 

or hollow tile of such thickness and tion shall be permanently indicated on the exposed 

Chimney construction as is hereafter specified. side of the wall. 

Construction All chimneys, irrespective of which 9. All mortar used in chimney construction, ex 

materials the walls are built, shall be cept a.s specified for fire-brick in paragraph 13, shall 

lined with fire-clay flue lining or with fire-brick. The be cement mortar proportioned a.s follows: Two bags 

lining shall be made for the purpose and adapted to of Portland cement, 200 lb., and one bag of dry hy 

withstand high temperatures and the resultant gases 

drated lime, 50 lb., thoroughly mixed dry. 

from burning fuel. 

The Proper To this mixture shall be added three 

2. Solid brick or concrete chimney walls shall be Mixture times its volume of clean sharp sand with 

not less than _ in. thick, exclusive of flue linings. A 

sufficient water to produce proper con 

standard size brick laid flatwise shall be deemed to sistency. When dry hydrated lime is not available 

fulfill this requirement for brick. 

1 cu. ft. of completely slacked lime mav be substi 

3. Concrete chimneys cast in place shall be reintuted for 50 lb. of dry hydrate. In case of such subforced 

vertically and horizontally to avoid cracks stitution, the mixing of lime and cement shall be very 

liable to occur from temperature stresses or unequal thorough. Dry hydrate should always be used in 

settlement of foundations. The metal shall be thor preference to putty. 

oughly embedded in the concrete. Concrete blocks 10. Fire-clay flue linings shall be of standard com 

shall be similarly reinforced in both directions. mercial thickness, but not less than % in., and with 

4. Stone chimneys shall be at least i in. thicker out collars. The flue sections shall be set in mortar 

than required for corresponding brick or reinforced of quality above specified and shall have the joints 

concrete chimneys, and shall have flue linings the same struck smooth on the inside. The masonry shall be 

as for brick chimneys. Rubble stone chimney walls built around each section of lining as it is placed, 

shall be not less than 12 in. thick. 

and all spaces between masonry and linings shall be 

5. Hollow tile shall not be used for the walls of filled with mortar. Flue linings shall start at least 

isolated or independent chimneys, but it may be used 12 in. below the bottom of the smoke pipe intakes 

for chimneys built in connection with exterior hollow of flues or from the throats of fireplaces and shall 

tile walls of buildings not exceeding three stories in be carried up continuously the entire height of the 

height, in wliich case the chimney walls shall be not flues, and -1 in. above top cappings to allow for a 

less than 8 in. thick. The outer 8 in. of a building 2-in. wash and a 2-in. projection of lining. The 

wall may serve as one side of the chimney, but the wash or the splay shall be formed of a o-0od rich 

remaining chimney walls shall be constructed of two cement mortar. 

layers of 1 in. tile set with broken joints; or they 11. Flues shall be built as nearly vertical as pos 

may be built of 1 in. of solid brickwork. The side sible, and there shall be but one connection to a flue. 

walls of a chimney shall be securely bonded into the Y\ here flues change direction, the abutting linings at 

wall of the building. No chimney shall be corbeled the angle joints shall be chipped to fit closely, and 

from a hollow tile wall. 

at no point shall the cross section area be reduced

SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 M E TAL WORKER, PL U M B E R A X O S X E. A M E I T T E R 

No broken flue lining shall be used in any case. 

12. Not more than two flues shall be permitted in 

the same chimney space and the joints of any two 

adjoining sets of flue linings shall be offset at least 

7 in. When there are more than two flues in a chimney, 

each third flue shall be separated from the others 

by a withe or division wall of brick or concrete at 

least 4 in. thick and bonded into the side walls. In 

hollow tile chimneys, the withe may be of tile. 

13. When any single flue area within chimney walls 

exceeds 200 sq. in., the walls shall be built not less 

than 8 in. thick and shall have fire-clay flue lining as 

previously specified, but when flues become so large 

as to render it impractical to secure fire-clay flue lining, 

they shall be lined with fire-brick for a distance 

of at least 25 ft. from the point of intake. The firebrick 

shall be laid in fire-clay mortar with joints 

struck smooth. 

11. Chimneys shall be built at least 3 ft. .above flat 

roofs, and 2 ft. above the ridges of peak roofs, and 

shall be properly capped with terra cotta, stone, east 

iron, or other approved material. 

15. Connections between chimneys and roofs shall 

be made with slieet metal counter or cap flashing, copper 

recommended, arranged to overlap roof flashing 

and allow for movement that may occur between chimney 

and roofs. 

16. Any increase in the wall thicknesses of chimneys 

shall be made at least 12 in. below the rafters, 

and not be made above the roofs except for cappings. 

17. When coal, wood or oil is used for fuel the 

minimum area inside of flue lining for furnaces or 

fireplaces shall be 75 sq. in.; for stoves and ranges 

49 sq. in., and for small gas stoves or heaters 10 sq. in. 

18. Smoke pipe intakes to flues shall always enter 

the chimney tlirougli the side and shall be made of 

fire-clay or metal thimbles securely set in the chimney meanor and shall be fined not less than $10 nor more 

wall with mortar. Such openings shall be at least than $ for each offense; and any chimnev or flue 

18 in. below wooden lath and plaster or other com which is built in violation of any requirement of this 

bustible ceilings, or open joists. 

Ordinance shall be immediately demolished or rebuilt. 

19. All flues leading from cellars or basements It shall be the duty of thc Building Inspector or other 

shall have proper cleanout doors below the smoke duly authorized official to enforce this Ordinance. 

intakes. 

10. All ordinances or parts of ordinances in con 

20. After a chimney has been completed, all flues flict with this Ordinance are hereby repealed. 

shall be thoroughly cleaned and left smooth on the 11. This Ordinance shall take effect upon being 

inside. 

approved by the 

1. No wooden beams, joists, or rafters shall be 1. A chimney in any existing building that be 

placed within 2 in. of the outside face of chimneys, comes too hot to hold the hand against comfortably 

whether the same be for smoke, air or 

is dangerous if there is woodwork touch- 

Section II, any other purpose. No woodwork shall Suggestions ing it. Have it carefully inspected by 

Woodwork be placed within 4 in. of the back wall for Old a reliable mason, and apply the protec- 

Around of any fireplace. 

Chimneys tion prescribed by this ordinance as 

Chimneys 2. All spaces between chimneys and 

far as is possible. 

wooden joists or beams shall be filled 2. Where soft coal is used it is often necessary to 

with loose cinders, loose mortar refuse, gypsum block rebuild chimney tops every few years, and all unlined 

or other porous incombustible material. 

chimneys, irrespective of fuel used, are very liable to 

The incombustible material shall be supported by become defective through disintegration of the mor 

slieet metal set into the brickwork and nailed to the tar joints. In order to ascertain if chimneys need 

wooden beams, forming a buckled flexible joint be rebuilding, climb to the top and look inside. An electween, 

or flat metal nailed to the woodwork with the tric torch or a lantern let down on a string is an aid 

inner edge close to the chimney will serve the purpose. in detecting defects. If mortar has begun to fall out 

3. The header joist or beam carrying the tail from between the bricks it will soon do so all the way 

joists of a floor and supporting a trimmer arch in through the wall. Take an ice pick or other sharp 

front of a fireplace, shall be not less than 20 in. implement and try to push it through the mortar; 

from the chimney breast. 

if vou can do so, rebuild at once as follows: 

4. No wooden studding, furring, lathing, or plugging 

shall be placed against any chimney, or in 

(C*nHnued on Page 364) 

361 

the joints thereof. Wooden construction shall either 

be set away from the chimneys or the plastering shall 

be directly on the masonry or on metal lathing or on 

incombustible furring material. Wood furring strips 

placed around chimneys to support base or other trim 

shall be insulated from the masonry by asbestos paper, 

at least l/8-in. thick, and metal wall plugs shall be 

used for nailing. 

5. The walls of fireplaces shall never be less than 

8 in. thick, and if built of stone the minimum thickness 

shall be 12 in. 

6'. All fireplaces and chimney breasts shall have 

trimmer arches or other approved fire-resistive construction 

supporting hearths. The arches and hearths 

shall be at least 20 in. wide measured from the face of 

the chimney breast. The arches shall be of brick, 

stone or terra cotta, not less than 4 in. thick. A 

flat stone or a reinforced concrete slab may be used 

to carry tlie hearth instead of an arch if it be properly 

supported and a suitable fill be provided between 

it and the hearth. The length of trimmer arches and 

hearths shall be not less than 24 in. longer than 

the fireplace opening. Hearths shall be of brick. 

stone, tile, or concrete as may be specified. Wood 

centering under a trimmer arch shall be removed before 

plastering the ceilings beneath. 

7. Xo coal-burning heater shall be placed in a 

fireplace whicli does not conform to the foregoing 

requirements and have an incombustible mantel. 

8. Xo wooden mantel or other woodwork shall 

be placed within 8 in. of side or within 12 in. of 

the top of any open fireplace. No combustible suni 

nier piece or fire-board sliall be used. 

9. Any person or persons, whether owner, builder 

or mechanic, who shall violate any requirement of 

this Ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misde

36 2 Ml'.IAL WORKER, P I. C M B E R 

A X D STE A M FIT T E R SEPTEMBEH 17, 1930 


Second Article of a Series Outlining the Methods Used 

in this Comparatively New Branch of Sheet Metal Work 

—Testing Work in Welding Fourteen and Sixteen Gauge Sheets 

I N the first article of this series as it appeared in 

the last issue, 1 explained the basic methods of 

welding sheet metal, conveying the necessity of 

obeying the governing rules in order to master these 

regulations. I will now deal a little more definitely 

with the more exacting requirements of practical welding 

as applied to sheet metal. In other words. I will 

endeavor to take the reader deeper into this subject 

so that he may become more efficient not only in results 

obtained but in speed as well. 

PREPARING SHEETS FOR THE WELD 

Bv __. H. POTTER 

I have previously pointed out tlie necessity of beveling 

the edges of sheet metal over As m - thickness in 

order to secure a satisfactory weld. By so doing it is 

obvious that by removing the corners, so that when the 

two pieces to be welded are placed against each other 

they form a "V" the best results are obtained. Nevertheless, 

the writer has often witnessed an attempt tc 

weld two pieces of slieet metal over ys in. thick without 

regard to this rule. 

The heat from the flame suitable to weld will not 

penetrate and produce perfect fusion beyond a depth 

of 1/g in - While an agle of 45 deg. should be given 

to the edge of the sheet metal, a saving of welding rod 

is obtained when a lesser angle is used. 

When the welder has become expert in his efforts, 

there is no reason why he cannot successfully weld 

pieces cut with a lesser bevel than 45 deg. and he 

should attempt to do so. 

A few words on the need of double beveling of heavy 

sheets, over y2 in. thick might not be amiss here. The 

double "V" reduces the amount of added material, and 

furthermore the weld may be made quicker than if 

only a single "V" is used. In Fig. 1 is illustrated the 

correct beveling of pieces prior to welding. The reader 

will do well to bear in mind these methods and to 

follow them out without exception. 

WELDING ROD AND FLUXES 

The use, or rather the necessity, of using a welding 

rod has also been pointed out. However, the material 

best suited for the welding rod was not discussed in 

the previous chapter. The material added must form 

a link of like strength to the metal welded between the 

two pieces welded. This requires that the added material 

be of such a material that it will not oxidize 

easily. Swedish iron is the best for welding rods, but 

the use of welding rods low in carbon content is satisfactory 

when meld steel sheets are to be welded, as 

no great strength is desired. 

As I am now dealing with the welding of sheet 

metal, I wish to impress this upon the reader as it 

will mean a saving in the cost of welding material. As 

the welder becomes more expert he should endeavor 

to weld by using a welding rod of a higher carbon con 

tent, that is, when the weld is not required to stand 

any great amount of stress and strain. 

The use of a flux is to prevent the formation of 

oxides and eliminate oxides already formed. As applied 

to sheet steel welding, unless the carbon content 

is unusually high, the use of a flux is not necessary. It 

is good practice, liowever, to use a flux whenever the 

need presents itself. TESTING 

The only practical method of testing any weld is by 

pulling it apart. It is tlierefore very important, if 

good work is to be attained, to study carefully the 

rules of welding and to work out trial welds and then 

by testing them determine the quality of same. By 

repeated tests of this kind the welder may learn much 

and can readily determine his progress. He can determine 

whether or not his welds are of the desired 

character, whether or not a perfect union of the metal 

is secured. 

If the weld is perfect only in intermittent places or 

alono- the outer edges only and not soundly welded 

in the center, such defective welds will, upon inspection, 

after testing, convince the welder that his work 

is not what it should be. The welder will at once 

know that he has not applied the principles correctly, 

that he must follow out more exactingly the rules here 

laid down. 

It is most unfortunate that the quality or strength 

of a weld cannot be determined from the outer surface 

of the weld. Welds that appear to be the best are 

very likely to be the poorest. No doubt the beginner 

will find that the poorest looking weld, the rough and 

uneven one. will be the strongest. He should aim for 

union of metal and not appearance at first. Master the 

weld as a perfect joint or union and the ability to secure 

a good appearing weld will follow without much 

difficulty or practice. 

The bending of a weld, witb and against the weld, 

is a more severe test than merely pulling the weld. In 

fact, this is a most excellent test for the beginner to 

impose upon his work, chiefly because it will more 

readily disclose defective welding. Oxidation or brittle 

spots will in this way be readily exposed, and the 

union of the added metal will be readily determined. 

Tensile or pulling tests when made in a testing machine 

will show exactly the stress in pounds that the 

weld is able to withstand. Then by pulling a piece of 

the metal (not welded) the beginner can at once 

determine the efficiency of his weld. 

CORRECT TORCH MOVEMENT 

Realizing that the beginner will experience considerable 

trouble in securing the correct movement of the 

torch, I will explain in more detail, now that he has 

been instructed in the underlying principles of its use, 

tbe handling of the torch. 

The torch must be given a motion across the weld

SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 METAE WORKER, PEC M BER AXD STEAM FITTER 363 

that will distribute the heat evenly to the metal, but 

at the same time the torch must be held at the same 

distance from the weld. A sweeping zig-zag movement 

will impart a greater amount of heat to the margin 

of the weld. This is most desirable and should be 

aimed at by the welder who has already accomplished 

the somewhat fundamental principles of torch manipulations. 

If he will aim to accomplish the movement so that 

the torch is held upon the margin of the weld a greater 

length of time, he will do much to secure a good 

weld. Once again, I will mention the necessity of 

eral instructions laid down previously, which were 

explained in the preceding article. 

WELDING SIXTEEN GAUGE METAL 

1. Fay the plates close togetlier. side by side supported 

on fire bricks. 

2. Take the torch in the right hand, hold the tip 

downward and practice the movement, as heretofore 

described. 

:). Weld one end of tlie sheets together by holding 

the flame close to the plates until the metal fuses. 

1. Play the torch back and forth across the joint 

holding the rod at the correct angle, i. e., in relation to to licit up the plates. 

the torch. Weld from left to right with the torch held 5. Hold thc torch (with the head inclined to the 

at right angles to the weld, inclined at a right angle. right), tlie tip pointing to the left. The torch should 

The welding rod is held in the left hand. The heat stand at an angle of about 45 deg. The tip is held at 

imparted from the molten metal should melt the weld 90 deg. in the plane at right angles to the weld. 

ing rod and not the direct flame from the torch. Care 6. Start at tiie right end and work from right to 

must be taken to hold the torch at right angles to the left. 

weld and not straight above it. 

7. The ti)> of the white portion of the flame should 

be about ^/g in. from the plates. 

HANDLING THE TORCH AND FLAME 

,S. Shorten the movements of the torch across the 

The following rules, although seemingly simple, 

joint until the metal melts and the molten metal runs 

into tiie joint. 

should be observed in detail and practiced until the i). As the molten metal forms in this manner, be 

beginner becomes familiar with them: 

gin to move the torch along to the left, continuing the 

1. Hold the torch in the right hand, tip downward. movement. 

2. Move the torch back and forth, holding the tip 

l/4 in from the work. 

WELDING FOl'RTEEN GAUGE METAL (BCTT WELD) 

3. Open the torch valve slowly, using the left hand. 1. Weld the left end of the plates together, using 

4. Adjust the regulator until the desired working the welding rod. 

pressure is obtained. I will not go into detail on the 2. Work from left to right. 

Fig 1. Preparing various shed for wedding Butt welding 14-gauge metal But* welding 16-gauge metal 

DIAGRAM OF OPERATIONS IN WELDING THIN SHEETS OF METAL 

adjusting of the torch as this depends greatly upon 

the manufacture or type of apparatus used. 

5. Adjust the regulator until the flame is white 

hot next to the tip and blue at its extremities. This 

is a neutral flame and will not carbonize or oxidize 

the metal. 

6. Apply the flame to the metal and melt a puddle. 

The molten metal will lay quiet beneath the flame. It 

is clear and clean. 

7. Study the flame appearances when a neutral 

point is secured and when this is not the case as well. 

The accompany sheets should be carefully studied 

when the beginner is attempting to weld various thickness 

of metal. Do not neglect to follow out the gen- 

,'i. Hold the torch head 45 deg. to the plates, in line 

with the joint, and at 90 deg. in the other plane. 

4. Hold the welding rod at an opposite angle of 45 

deg. to the metal. 

5. Hold the welding rod close to the metal; the end 

must touch the molten metal. 

6. Begin the movement across the joint, moving the 

welding rod back and forth at the same time. 

7. The welding rod must be melted by the molten 

metal, not by the torch flame. 

8. Add enouwh welding rod to make the weld a little 

thicker than the metal. 

!). Continue until the left end of the weld is 

reached.

361 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM FIT T E R SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 

Advancement/or Furnace Industry Welf 

An Up-To-Date Plan for Aiding Buyers to Decide 

Dealers and Salesmen Can Unite to Increase Sales 

' . \ XY prospect for the sale of a warm- 

J\^ air furnace ean be interested and aidr- 

, ,-£$* ed in reaching a decision to buy when 

J 1l____^ W^__««ii s ' lown a l°f °f pictures of furnaces 

^jjpfelk-, r v Xs|i setting in the cellars of well-heated 

.j^BfiBBtXv'^BMal houses. Pictures of houses are seen 

H»"-^nr£- i ^B^^ ni manj booklets for paints, carpets 

JpSLllkkXsijYf, and everything under the sun and 

IJMIfc»i..i____r~J" r r they loose their value for the purpose 

H^SffiP'Byj^ "' increasing furnace sales. 

ffli^y^^^^^^ftj Pictures of furnaces used in tliose 

•^ ^'"t>?v-?-X~~'~ \ houses, however, have a very posi 

tive value a.s they show fhat the 

dealer or salesman is endeavoring to sell and nothing 

else. The picture of the furnace and of the house in 

which it is used presented together on the same card 

or page, liowever, are good, as they show the lieater 

selected for a fine house or they show that the owner 

of a fine home has selected the same kind of a heater 

that is being brought to a customer's attention. 

These cellar pictures will show how the furnace is 

kept, whether it is covered with dust and has ashes 

all about it or whether it is neat and clean as it ought 

to be kept so that no dust can find its way upstairs. 

The picture will also show by the workmanship 

whether the job was done too cheap so it had to be 

rushed at the expense of good workmanship and its 

effect on service. They will show whether the dealer 

is a competent workman or employs them. 

Such pictures can have a far-reaching effect for 

good by making the dealer more careful. They will 

enable him to see the condition in whieh his customers 

keep their heating outfit so he can make suggestions 

to insure proper service with economy. They give 

him a chance to sell a humidifier or a draft and temperature 

regulator. This means furnace users will 

get better satisfaction and recommend the kind of 

heating outfits they are using. That is all beneficial 

to the industry and worth giving some thought, time 

and energy to create and then keep going. 

To get. pictures has been the desire of many who 

sell furnaees and they have tried to get their salesmen 

to collect them. Recently one house has sent to its 

salesmen the following letter: 

JOHN SMITH, 

Salesman, Central Western Territory. 

Bv F. L. 

Dear John: 

Would vou help your house to sell more furnaces? If one 

of your customers had photographs of the homes in which 

he had done a good job, giving fine service would it help? 

But pictures of houses are used for many purposes and 

vou are selling furnaces. 

Would it help if you had pictures in the basement of 

those houses showing not only the furnaces but the good 

workmanship clone in making the air supply connections 

and the warm-air piping and connections to registers and 

risers? 

It is a simple matter to set a Kodak and burn 2 or 3 

flash sheets at different points behind it to get the picture. 

Then, when a customer was deliberating could a right 

decision be aided if he was shown a lot of such pictures 

to make it clear that the furnaceman knew his business and 

a lot of people had found it out? 

We want to sell moj-e furnaces. We know these pictures 

would be a great help. We have said so before but the 

pictures have not as yet been produced. We patiently 

waited while the war was on. It is over now, how about 

getting those pictures? We will want them. The longer 

the furnace had been in service without repairs the better. 

Write us your plans for getting those pictures. We are 

eager to get them and the story that naturally goes with 

them. Make your plans for this important duty and write 

us about them. It may take some tiijie to carry out your 

plans but if they are carried out we will be much gratified. 

It is your move and we await the outcome. 


In these days of snapshot cameras any salesman 

can do the trick out-of-doors and it is almost as simple 

in the cellar. It is necessarv to set the camera at the 

right place in the cellar and fasten 2 or 3 flash sheets 

to an old board or spread about a teaspoonful of 

flash powder along the board. Then he is ready to 

push the button on the camera, light the flash, push 

the button again and all is ready for the "we do the 

rest" man. No extraordinary hard work. Just a 

pleasant trade-building job which any salesman can 

do to help his customer, help himself, help his house 

and help the whole industry. 

The furnace interests are flourishing now and it 

need never languish if just such plans as here outlined 

are carried out. 

The Hazard of the Defective Chimney 


Tear the chimney down to a point at least 18 in. below 

the roof, get fire-clay flue lining of the same size as the 

inside measurement of the chimney, set it in the top of 

the flue and build up with good brick and Portland cement 

mortar. This will make a solid chimney through the roof 

where there is greatest danger and is the best that can be 

clone unless the flue portion of the chimney is completely 

torn down and rebuilt. Preserve a clear space or at least 

1 in. between the woodwork of the roof and the chimney 

wall, and connect the chimney with the roof by metal flashings. 

Build the chimney at least two feet above the peak 

of the roof. 

Mr. Woolson has also prepared a booklet covering 

the general methods of safeguarding residences from 

fire, entitled "Dwelling Houses," copies of which may 

be secured from the National Board's Committee on 

Construction of buildings, 76 William Street, New 

York City. 

THE MILWAUKEE CHAPLET CO., Milwaukee, Wis., 

has been incorporated with a capital stock of $12,000 

to manufacture chaplets and other foundry specialties. 

In addition to Paul F. Rice, the incorporators include 

Alfred M. Jones, president, and Orra L. Hollister, 

vice-president Foundrymen's Supply Co., 302-308 Detroit 

Street, Milwaukee.

SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 M E T A L WORKER, P L U M B E R A X D S T E A M FITTER 365 

Technical School Training for Heating 

Men 

Information on Development of this Character of 

Education and Its Value to the Heating Profession 

BY J. D. HoFFMANt 

S O M E facts and a few figures are offered for your 

consideration on technical education and its direct 

contact with that part of the commercial and manufacturing 

field which is of vital interest to the heating 

engineer. Having been intimately associated with 

technical school work for so many years it never occurred 

to me that there were those who were not thoroughly 

conversant with the work and would welcome a 

few words on the subject. 

ORKilN AND IMPORTANCE 

Technical schools have bad but a brief existence, 

.about 50 years, but iu that time they have had a marvelous 

growth and have come to be a supremely im- 

Beginning with the Michigan Agricultural College, 

the first to take up the benefits of the Morrill Act, 

the year the bill was passed, these schools have increased 

in numbers until within a period of a little 

more than half a century there is a well-established 

technical school in nearly every state and territory in 

the Union, with a few states supporting two. Beginning 

also with the emjihasis upon hand craft as specifically 

mentioned in the bill, tbe courses have enlarged 

in scope until they now include all the fundamental 

theoretical courses common to all the various lines of 

engineering and a multitude of specializations that .'iim 

to develop men in an intensive way for almost any 

given line of work. 

VALUE OF SCHOOL TO TEACH ENGINEERING; 

The establishment of tliese schools marks an epoch 

in the science of engineering in this country. Previous 

to this time the design of any piece of machinery or 

structure was largely a matter of chance. Skilled 

workmen were trained under the old apprenticeship 

system through years of service to construct and in a 

limited sense to theoretically design a product. But 

the engineering of the job from the standpoint of the 

application of well-understood physical laws as we 

now understand them was absent. It is my opinion 

that the technical school should receive the major share 

of credit for this sudden development. If any proof 

of this statement is necessary we have but to review 

the events of the last - years to see that the wonderful 

things actually accomplished were possible only 

JAJIES D. HOFFMAN 

through engineering in its most scientific and refined 

state. This was a conflict in which engineers matched 

wits with engineers the world over, resulting in the 

supremacy of the trained analytical mind capable of 

independent thought and action. In addition to the 

professional strength of their graduates the schools 

gave as leaders in the cause much of their present 

portant factor in the field of engineering sciences. strength in faculty and students. 

Senator Morrill, who in the year 1862 introduced a 

bill in Congress to endow government schools whose 

duties, among other things, shall be to teach agriculture 

and the mechanics arts, probably buiided better 

THE AIM OF TECHNICAL TRAINING 

I just made the statement that the importance now 

given to engineering as a world influence should be 

than he knew. His idea at that time of the field such a chiefly credited to the technical school. This should 

school should fill was probably more along the lines not be interpreted to mean that all the men who have 

of the trades and the vocational than exists at the been doing big things in the engineering field have 

present time, but the evolution from the purely prac been technical school men. I mean that the technical 

tical into the highly theoretical was so swift and so school for the past 30 years has been the stimulating 

spontaneous as to be almost startling. The industrial factor in this country toward engineering development. 

and commercial world was waiting for just this transi The world produces many geniuses who do startling 

tion and Mr. Morrill was the first to catch the inspira things in their own initiative. These men set the pace 

tion and to act upon it. 

for others to follow and their works show clearly the 

'Paper read before Convention of National District 

Heating Association. Chicago, May 26. 

fProfessor Mechanical Engineering, Purdee University, 

Lafayette, Ind. 

need of educational institutions to disseminate their 

ideas. On the other hand the experiences of the last 

5 years have shown that the motive force of the world

366 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM F I T T E R SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 

is not the genius—although many of these have received 

their inspiration within the university atmosphere—but 

rather the large number of honest, conscientious 

men who have been taught to do their own 

thinking and are able to meet emergencies where they 

exist. That has been, is now and always will have to 

be, the chief aim of the technical school. 

Four or 5 years gives just enough time to acquire 

the fundamentals and the ability to apply these rationally 

to concrete cases. The technical university, therefore, 

does not claim to turn out finished engineers. 

Its aim is to give a man a general knowledge of his 

subject and a working knowledge of his own mind. 

THE GROWTH OF THE DEMAND 

Looking back over the last _0 years—this is the 

period of real development—the growth of the technical 

school has been quite as you would have expected 

it. Civil engineering, the already existing science, 

was the first to establish courses. Mechanical engineering 

came second, electrical engineering third and 

then architectural, chemical, mining and a number of 

specialized engineering lines in various orders as required 

by the section of the country in which the school 

was located. 

In most of these schools engineering proper has 

finally developed into four fundamental lines—called 

variously schools, departments and divisions—namely, 

civil, mechanical, electrical and chemical engineering, 

having the fundamental courses of the first and second 

years common to all, with tbe specializations in the last 

2 years. 

In addition to the 4-year courses usually given in 

most schools, a few are offering a fifth and sixth year 

to allow a broader academic training without sacrificing 

engineering essentials. Some are establishing fellowships 

wherein part-time research work may be carried 

on after graduation. 

Such work can only be done by men having special 

native qualifications and preparation. Many of the engineering 

schools are now establishing engineering experiment 

stations in which the more complex investigations 

may be carried on under the direction of trained 

specialists. Results from these investigations are usually 

printed in pamphlet form as monographs and 

distributed without charge. 

THE NEEDS OF THE COMMERCIAL FIELD 

Anv workman is a better workman for having an 

intelligent knowledge of his subject. Any man who 

can select the proper sized twist drill mav be able to 

drill a hole in a casting, but the man who knows how 

to properly sharpen his drill may be able to double 

the output. The man who knows the fundamental laws 

governing the action of steam and water in pipes can 

run a better line of mains, and so it is in every line of 

work. The trained mind gives tlie workman the ability 

to be more or less independent of his environment. 

This is especially true in the lieating and ventilating 

business. If the heating of our homes and places of 

business could be reduced to an absolute formula so 

that all we had to do was to apply that formula, then 

a workman could be trained to duplicate one job after 

another with increasing accuracy. But unfortunately 

this is not the case. Every job of lieating is different 

from all other jobs in almost every respect. 

Standardization is not possible. 

Two houses equal in size have the same arrangement 

and floor plans. In corresponding rooms one is found 

to have casement windows while the other has closely 

fitted sliding windows. One is floored in the attic; the 

other is not. In one the workmanship is No. 1 ; the 

otheT is just thrown together. A house on paper is 

one tiling; the realization of this house on its foundation 

is another thing entirely. 

The same is true of the actual installation of the 

pipes and fittings. One riser requires an offset, a 

main interferes with a beam, a difficult radiator connection 

has to be made, and almost innumerable other 

difficulties arise, all of which demand good judgment 

based upon a thorough knowledge of the subject. 

It is probablv true that the heating profession calls 

for the exercise of more good gray matter and real 

common sense than almost any other line of engineering. 

The universities have realized this fact for some time 

and many of them have offered courses in the subject. 

These courses, naturally, are restricted to a minimum 

of time and vary in scope according to the vision of 

the field held by the professor in charge. But they 

deal with the applications of the fundamental laws 

of physics and thermodynamics to actual practice. 

THEOROTICAL AND PRACTICAL MUST BE BALANCED 

The courses in many schools have been largely theoretical 

because of the lack of time and facilities for 

practical work. This, in a sense, tends to develop a 

one-sided man, but in schools this is a commendable 

development. It would be well if a large amount of 

actual practical experience could be had at the same 

time, but in most cases this is not possible. On the 

other hand the tendency of the trade is away from the 

theoretical and toward the empirical. As a result, the 

average is good. This is as you may expect it to be. 

By the natural laws of mind development the young 

man is able to cultivate deeply analytical mental processes 

that would be wholly impossible to the average 

mature mind. For this reason, togetlier with the fact 

that the professional and business man usually takes 

the empirical or short-cut method in doing his daily 

tasks, there should be great stress laid upon the cultivation 

of analytical methods while in school. 

Many times problems are given to the student to 

solve by exhaustive processes, when other and shorter 

methods are available, not so much for the final result 

as to serve as mental gymnastics and cultivate the 

ability to think for himself. 

I am aware of the fact that the schools are severely 

criticized at times because their graduates lack that 

practical touch so necessary to the practising engineer. 

Some schools are meeting this situation by permitting 

a greater degree of specialization. For example, those 

intending to follow heating and ventilating work will 

be given a greater amount of drawing-room time for 

the designs, and laboratory and commercial tests to 

check their theoretical studies. Necessarily, such an 

arrangement produces a higher degree of efficiency in 

the one line at the expense of other subjects which 

might be taken. 

This is a big question which is yet unsolved by educators, 

namely, which man is any firm's best asset 

the one thoroughly grounded in the fundamentals with 

a fair amount of specialization, or the one only fairly 

well grounded in the fundamentals with much specialization. 

Personally. I am firmly convinced that the?

SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 M E T A I. WORKER, P L V M B E R A X D S T E A M 1 I T T E R 367 

former is the better plan. The highly specialized man 

would get into the thick of things more quickly and 

for a few years would lead the race, but observations 

show that the conditions soon reverse. 

FUNDAMENTALS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING 

You may be interested to know what fundamentals 

may be considered a requisite for a good course for 

an embryonic heating and ventilating engineer. The 

first I would suggest relates to his development as a 

man among men. He should have a good command of 

the English language and should be able to write and 

discuss any subject in a logical and persuasive way. 

This is usually slighted by the young engineer as applying 

to the other fellow but not especially to him. 

One of our greatest problems in teaching these men 

is to convince them that to rise to the top in their 

chosen profession they must pay attention to rhetoric, 

English composition and oral discussion. Many of our 

graduates in all lines of work have testified to their 

lack of this one essential in tlieir early training. 

Second, they must be fundamentally grounded in 

theoretical and applied mathematics. This is a tool 

whicli will carve any figure to science, if the owner 

knows how to use it. Third, they should know physics 

or the study of the laws of matter; fourth, thermodynamics 

or the laws of heat energy, and fifth, the application 

and development of these fundamental laws into 

constructive practical problems. The last is the trade 

specialization and in this case is called heating and 

ventilation. 

The courses preceding and leading up to this subject 

need not necessarily be specialized in favor of heating 

and ventilating problems. In fact, it will tend toward 

more independence of thought if this is not done. Any 

physical law in any subject to be well understood and 

to be of the greatest value to any man must be presented 

in applications as varied as possible to acquaint 

the student with its possibilities. 

The subject of lieating and ventilation is a specialization, 

although in itself it is sufficiently broad to satisfy 

the most exacting. For example, in the study of 

ventilation, questions of air conditioning in its relation 

to health, involving a knowledge of physiology and hygiene, 

present lines of thought that cannot be satisfactorily 

analyzed by any of the fundamental courses 

mentioned. 

Here are questions that call for research work of a 

special character and different from that previously 

attempted by the profession. Unfortunately what we 

don't know about this phase of the subject at this time 

would fill many volumes. Suffice it to say that our 

treatment of these topics should be sane, logical and 

without hysteria or radicalism. Also in the stud}' of 

chimneys and furnace and fan-coil heating there are 

problems in air warming and air movement by convection 

and power devices that are as complex as we wish 

to make them. Also in hot water and steam isolated 

and district plants there are problems in heat generation 

and transmission that call for the most thorough 

theoretical training in physics and thermodynamics. 

And so on the list might be extended almost indefinitely. 

Until a few years ago heating problems were satisfactorily 

solved, when they were developed along the 

lines of the best average practice without regard to 

whether the best average practice could be improved 

or not. Heating engineers' conventions had few analytical 

presentations, probably because tlieir value was 

not fully appreciated. Now they have so much valuable 

literature on the subject that it is found worth 

while to issue society journals to circulate the facts 

to the members. 

The sections of the technical press devoted to heating 

were largely descriptive in character, now wc have 

periodicals wholly devoted to the subject and filled 

with the most up-to-the-minute analytical presentations. 

In a short time the conditions have wholly 

changed. We are now looking for rational analyses, 

not for a few, but for practically all of our problems. 

Where a few years ago the heating profession was 

purely a business proposition, it is now fast becoming 

a science. It is coming into its own and the technical 

school has had no little share in bringing this change 

about. 

WHAT THE SCHOOLS ARE DOING FOR HEATING 

I'or my own satisfaction and for your information I 

am endeavoring to summarize the courses in heating 

and ventilation in the various technical schools of the 

country and give you an idea of what is being done. 

Questionnaires were sent to 57 institutions. Replies 

have been received from 75 per cent of these. Of the 

•13 replies received, 34 report courses in heating and 

ventilating and 9 report no courses. Of the 11 schools 

from whom no replies were received I have reason to 

believe that 6 have courses. Of the 34 courses reported 

6 are elective and 28 are required. Of the 31 schools 

the hours allowed for any one school are: 

Maximum—Recitation and lecture, 72; laboratory 

and drawing, 107; and outside work, some. This does 

not include one school which we will call A, which 

gives options in each of the four years totaling respectively 

144, 324 and 312 hr. 

Minimum—Recitation and lecture, 9; laboratory and 

drawing, 0; and outside work, 0. 

Average for Schools—Recitation and lecture (34 

schools, including School A), 36 hr.; laboratory and 

drawing (25 schools, including School A), 51 hr.; outside 

work (10 schools, including School A), 81 hr. 

Courses Including—Ventilation, 30; furnace heating, 

31; hot water and steam, 33; fan-coil heating, 

30; central station lieating, 25; electric heating, 13. 

It is interesting to note in this connection that central 

station lieating, one of the more recent systems 

to be developed and one of the most localized in character, 

is represented in 74 per cent of the courses 

reported. 

The field of lieating and ventilation with all its present 

cultivation is as yet but superficially touched by 

experimental research. For a number of years engineers 

have been developing more consistent and workable 

theories, but these theories were more or less 

speculative without actual experimental data to check 

them. In the general progress of the art the time has 

come to confirm or change our theories and in response 

to this appeal the research laboratories of the country 

are being offered and their energies co-ordinated so 

as to reach all parts of the field. 

I feel called upon to express my gratification at the 

spirit of co-operation existing among all forces available. 

All seem determined that the greatest amount 

of public satisfaction and good may be obtained from 


368 METAL WORKER, PL EMBER AXD STEAM F I T T E R SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 

A Milestone in Evolution of the Closet 

Explanation of the New Fixture - How It Is Injected 

into System under Pressure and Why It Will Make 

Drainage System More Sanitary 

Bv B. F. HENRY 

AGOODLY number of years ago I was employed 

in the Greenpoint section of Brooklyn. Among 

the men employed in the same office was an undersized 

wooden nutmeg by the name of Bill Tanner, who 

for everything good or bad that came his way had a 

pat saying. Tanner had gotten the idea into his head 

that he was worth more than anyone else about the 

place and finally mustered up courage to tell the management 

about it. The first of the following month he 

was notified that his services were no longer required. 

His remark at this was: "I thought I was worth a 

ten dollar bill and now I find I am only a way Bill." 

About a month or so later, happening to meet Tanner, 

I started to condole with him at his misfortune in 

loosing the position and was met with this retort: 

"Don't you worry, I've got something better. You 

know a good swift kick is sometimes a blessing in disguise 

!" 

During the past few months and also at the National 

Convention of Master Plumbers at Pittsburgh 

we all have heard the lamentations of many of our 

good and sincere plumber friends regarding tbe heinous 

wrong committed by the manufacturers of earthenware, 

aided and abetted by the standardization committee, 

in foisting upon an unsuspecting public and 

upon the plumbing craft the so-called short-horn closet. 

I must confess that at first I also thought it a highhanded 

proceeding and felt that to stop making the 

long spigot outlet was an injustice to the users. It 

did seem that it would have been more sensible to make 

both types, and, if the short-horn proved the better. 

the demand for it would in a few years prove so insistent 

as to eliminate the long-horn type. I also 

believed that the long outlet type should not be withdrawn 

from the market so long as there was a demand 

for same for replacement purpo.ses. 

A BLESSING IN DISGUISE 

However, after hearing the many arguments offered 

against the short-horn and thinking them over openmindedly, 

I cannot help but think with Bill Tanner 

that "a good swift kick is sometimes a blessing in disguise." 

For aside from thc request for the retention 

of the long-horn for replacement purposes, the entire 

burden of the opposition simply boils down to tbe 

contention that it will require more care to set the 

short-horn so defects will not show. That, with the 

long-horn outlet the work of setting a closet can be 

done in a more careless and slip-shod manner without 

the defective setting becoming apparent through leaks 

or consequent property damage. 

I can remember very vividly in the early eighties 

when closet venting was almost universally done from 

a vent horn above the floor. These vent horns and 

rubber ell vent connections became a plague in the life 

of the plumber, due to tbeir many bad qualities, which 

it is unnecessary to mention here. There arose then a 

persistent clamor to do away with the vent connection 

altogether as it was a source of leaks and no good. 

The vent connection to closet, liowever, was not 

done away with, the method of applying it was simply 

changed to conform with good plumbing practice. That 

is. vents to closets are now almost universally applied 

in such a manner and in such a position that they must 

be and remain tight. 

How we did—and some of us still do—scour around 

to find a horn vent closet that we could use on replacements—right 

side horns, left side horns, high 

horns and low horns. Every time there was a replacement 

job, though you might have six closets in stock, 

you had not one that would fit. 

ONE WEAKNESS ELIMINATED 

In a few short years the vented closet disappeared 

from the market. W r e all managed to make the necessary 

vent clianges in replacing and now the closet 

vented from the earthenware i.s among the antiquities. 

Thus was one of the weak points in our plumbing systems 

eliminated. 

Just so will it happen with the long outlet putty 

joint closet. The time has come that it should disappear. 

It is, and has admittedly been, a very weak 

spot in our plumbing installations. 

When very carefully made and under propitious circumstances, 

we all have found some closets set in putty 

whicli after years of service were well-nigh perfect. 

That much may be granted. But. in the great majority 

of 4'ases, a putty setting or a gasket setting on a 

long-horn outlet closet is not tight when made and even 

if tight when made does not remain so. That much 

even its most ardent defenders must admit. It allows 

of slip-shod setting, the defects of which are not always 

immediately apparent and even where properly 

set it is subject to deleterious influences through rough 

usages, shrinking and settling of buildings and many 

other influences beyond our control. 

The shorthorn outlet closet must be set right and 

tight in tbe beginning for unless properly set, the defeet 

becomes immediately apparent. Once properly 

set it resists to a greater extent the untoward influences 

which injure the long-horn setting. 

It is not impossible to set the short horn in putty, 

grafting wax or with plain gasket in replacements 

and not good practice to do it. Much greater care 

must be exercised so that the connection be gas and 

water-tight at the time of setting. This in itself is 

a mighty good thing. 

It does seem harsh to be met by the manufacturers 

of closets with the arbitrary dictum that "we will 

make no more long-horn outlet closets." But on the 


SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 M E T A L WORKER, PLUMBER AXD S T E A M FITTER 369 

The Value of the Trade Press 

to the Sanitary Engineer 

Beneficial Results to be Derived from Closest 

Co-operation between Trade Press and Engineer 

Bv H. A. CALL. 

EBSTER says, "An engineer is one skilled in 

the art and science of utilizing the mechanical 

properties of matter in structures and machines." 

A sanitary engineer is one skilled in the art 

and science of utilizing the mechanical, physical and 

chemical properties of matter in the science of hygiene. 

Psychology tells u.s that engineers are a distinct 

type of the human family. A.s a class they have 

a common attitude, distinguishing traits, and their 

minds function along well-defined channels. 

Engineers are the pioneers of the human family. 

They are not interested in "fancies." They want and 

must have "basic facts." Being thus constituted, they 

constantly wrestle with nature and the elements to unearth 

the "cause," and to provide an agent that, acting 

with the cause, will effect results useful to mankind. 

Their efforts are seldom directed along selfish 

or individual lines. Their sphere of action must be 

wide and high. They strive for achievement that will 

benefit the mass of humanity. Their greatest recompense 

is the satisfaction and inspiration consequent 

to achievement. Those are the outstanding characteristics 

of the engineer, the type of man that we are to 

consider in relation to what he can or does get from 

his trade paper. 

THE DISSEM1NATER OF KNOWLEDGE 

The first and greatest value of the trade paper is 

its potent power to disseminate knowledge. Oftentimes 

the engineer finds himself with a perfected improvement 

or method of immense value to his fellow 

man. but is confronted with the fact that people at 

large, the dealer and the consumer, have no knowledge 

of that improvement or method. The trade paper is 

the medium that blazes the trail for him. It disseminates 

the message of his work among those in closest 

touch witli the needs of the mass of people. It does it 

economically and thoroughly. 

Because the trade paper carries with it a certain 

dignity, it goes to the highest class dealers. They pay 

for it. It has an educational value; therefore, it interests 

them. They read it. Thus is the adoption of 

the engineer's achievement facilitated, encouraging 

him to further effort and affording him ever-increasing 

satisfaction, as the use and benefits of his efforts 

become more universally enjoyed by mankind. 

Again, the trade paper enables the engineer to keep 

his finger on the pulse of industry. Through its columns 

he learns of new materials and appliances afforded 

by the market. By it he is kept in constant 

touch with the work of his fellows. Oftentimes an 

article, question or advertisement in his trade paper 

furnishes him with just the idea which he needs to 

'Paper presented to American Society of Sanitary Engineering, 

September 7, 8 and 9 

+ Associate editor METAI. WOKKER PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER. 

apply in solving some vexing problem. Often it suggests 

some needed improvement that spurs him to future 

accomplishment. 

Further, the trade paper is largely responsible for 

the continued and rapid progress accomplished in sanitary 

design, construction, methods, appliances and materials. 

Its wide association and contact has enabled 

it to recognize and interpret the trend of events as affecting 

the industry—to point out weaknesses, to stimulate 

and inspire progressive effort, to discourage 

practices that would react to the detriment of the industry 

and those connected therewith. 

The psychological influence of the trade press extends 

throughout the industry. None are immune from 

it. It constantlv exerts its inherent power on the side 

of right, justice and progress, ever holding foremost 

that it is the duty of every man to make the most and 

best of himself. Recognizing that all are of one family, 

none created independent, therefore each in need 

of the help of others. The trade press has gone forward 

disseminating useful knowledge calculated to improve 

the welfare of all connected with the industry, 

inspire them to further achievement, uplift their selfrespect, 

and add dignity to the profession. 

From this it will be seen that the value of the trade 

paper to the sanitary engineer is in exact and direct 

proportion to his understanding of it, its use and its 

possibilities. Further, the greatest benefits will accrue 

to the sanitary engineer and to the mass of humanity 

through the widest expression of ideas in the 

columns of the trade press. The greatest good for all 

depends on the closest co-operation between the trade 

press and the engineer. Finally, each has its mission, 

deserves and should have whole-hearted support of the 

other in every laudable undertaking, as each is striving 

to add to the convenience, comforts, safety and 

happiness of mankind in a common field of effort. 

Path That Leads to Money in the Bank 


spray in operation all the time, and the central section 

with shredded red paper blown by a fan, gives 

a most realistic fire effect. Various signs explain 

the features of construction and arrows point to them. 

The size of this display can be made to conform 

to local requirements, and the tradesman can use 

whatever signs he wants to have made. The company 

has tried it out and dealers report its powers 

of attracting attention have been phenomenal. 

Window display is a very effective way of presenting 

warm-air furnaces to the public, and when 

combined witli newspaper advertising, an intensive 

campaign can be conducted which will bring beneficial 

and profitable results to all furnacemen.

370 METAI. WORKER. PLUMBER AXD STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 17, 19_0 

The Effect of Standardization on the 

Small Plinnber 

Another Opinion on the Eventual Result 

of the Work of the Committee of the 

National Association 

There is a certainty that every interest of the plumb 

ing and heating trades will be conserved by the Na 

tional Standardization Committee whatever may be 

recommended by it on any product used in the heating 

and iilumbing trades. The conimittee members realize 

We will undertake to make just exactly what the 

plumber in the small town wants, and arrange to supply 

him through jobbers in that territory when wanted. 

We also expect to make just the line of goods that the 

plumber in the large citv wants, and supply him in the 

same way. 

It is going to be our motto to give the trade just 

what they want when they want it. 

What I have seen of the work of the Standardization 

Committee in other lines, brass goods, and things 

of that kind, it does not seem to me that it is proposing 

any very radical changes, and none which would seriously 

affect the business of the plumber in the small 

town. 

Technical School Training for 

Heating Men 

the magnitude and importance of its work. They were 

selected because of their breadth and splendid qualifications. 


tiie least expenditure of national resources. In this 

work the universities have done good service and are 

An evidence of the spirit is shown in the following now planning closer co-operative effort that there may 

letter in answer to the points raised by a "Suburban be the broadest scope to the work with the least amount 

Plumber" in the issue of September 10. which was of duplication. 

brought to the attention of William M. Byrd, Jr., 

Hammond-Byrd Co., Chicago, 111.: 

So far we have been thinking of the lieating profession 

as a whole. But what of that part of the field 

represented by this organization ? Judging from the 

returns to my questionnaire it is very evident that the 

schools believe in the kind of work you are doing. 

I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter of August 

11 attaching copy of letter from a plumber in a 

small town of 10,000 inhabitants. I note with a great 

deal of interest his remark with reference to the probable 

action of the Standardization Committee. 

Since this is the most recently developed system and 

the one that is the least generally established over the 

country, it is a very significant fact that 25 out of 34 

courses contain more or less instruction in this line. 

District lieating along with all other public service cor 

« SOIL PIPE SITUATION 

porations has been up against serious conditions the 

last few years. The shortage of fuel and supplies, and 

I am especially interested in what he has to say the uncertain labor market have not only curtailed but 

with reference to the soil pipe situation. 

in many cases actually put out of business industries 

I have explained to the Standardization Committee that should have been maintained. 

on several occasions that there is not a great deal they This is an unfortunate state of affairs, but we con 

can do for us on soil pipe situation. About the only fidently believe that with the gradual settlement of our 

change that the manufacturers of soil pipe that inter flood of economic difficulties following the war, district 

ests use especially could make—our clients operate heating problems will also be solved satisfactorily. 

eleven soil pipe foundries—would be to cut out 2- Some of these problems are administrative and the 

in. soil pipe fittings altogether; then 8, 10 and 12-in. schools can serve only indirectly, but in those technical 

soil pipe fittings we would make in extra heavy and production and service problems that lend themselves 

cut out those sizes in standard. We figure that it is no to experimental and theoretical analysis they are going 

hardship where 8, 10 and 12-in. soil pipe fittings are to assist to the limit of their ability. I wish to re 

required to use extra heavy only. In fact, we feel affirm my faith in the future of district heating and 

that on such a job extra heavy should be used. 

make an assurance of such assistance as it is possible 

Outsidt of these we do not anticipate any further 

changes. 

for me to give. 

DEMAND WILL BE SATISFIED 

Japanese-American Trade Relations 

Japanese competition in our domestic markets does 

not menace American industry, the National Bank of 

Commerce in New York declares in the September issue 

of its magazine, Commerce Monthly. On the 

other hand, an examination of the trade of Japan with 

the L T nited States since 1914c emphasizes the important 

economic relationship between the two countries and. 

according to the bank, indicates the desirability of 

maintaining satisfactory mutual trade relations between 

them.

SEPTEMBER 17, 19_0 METAI. WO R K E R , P L U M B E R A XI) S T E A M F ITTER 371 



plexing problems---the place to 




SERVICITIS'GCATIS 

Wants Special Boiler Covering 

From H. V. N., Illinois.—In the August 27 issue 

I noticed "A. R.." Vermont, wants some special boiler 

covering. He says that he put a boiler in and, due 

to dampness, the asbestos cover is crumbling and deteriorating. 

If he had used an Ideal type A boiler, he 

would not have had this trouble. You might tell him 

that this boiler, of which there are thousands in use, 

has been successfully used in damp cellars in moist localities. 

He does not mention it in his letter, but I 

suppose one of his troubles is that he did not use 

enough Portland cement in his finishing coat. 

How Can Volume of Air Be Increased ? 

From Connecticut—Enclosed find a sketch which 

will answer the inquiry of "P. M. G.," St. John, N. B., 

in the issue of August 5. These are measurements 

taken from a collector that works all right with a 36-in. 

io - o" E>. 

Tube _| 

* • " 

li-L_|i 

If tliese dimensions are followed I feel sure that by 

making the connection as shown and then operating 

the outfit, the results will be in every way satisfactory 

to him. 

Trouble With Eaves Trough 

From A. F. N., Vermont—I have had difficulty in 

obtaining satisfactorv results from hanging gutters 

(caves troughs). Every winter they become filled 

with ice and then overflow. Big icicles then form and 

the weight pulls the gutter out of shape. It is a dog's 

life going back every spring and trying to straighten 

these gutters, for when a ladder is put against them 

they bend in and that makes you fight against yourself 

trying to get them straight. Then the seams are 

sometimes burst and if soldered when bent in, they will 

not get straight. Can you suggest some way that this 

work can be done to avoid buckling and an easier way 

of fixing them? 

Editor's Note—If "A. L. N." will refer to METAL 

WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER issue of June 

18, on Page 800, he will find the article entitled "Good 

Will Earned by Good Work," which will give him 

some practical pointers on eaves troughs. 

How Can Paint Be Removed From 

Tin Roofs ? 

From B. R., Minnesota—I have two large roofs to 

repair that have been painted a number of times. Some 

of the paint will not come off. at least it is hard to 

scrape off and it takes a long time. As I can make 

some money on this work if I find a good quick way 

of getting the surface clean for soldering, I appeal 

to you for help. I would like to know if there is any 

way in which this paint can be removed easily and 

quickly. I hope to hear from you soon. 

How is Radiation Figured for Cellars? 

From J. K., New Jersey—I would like to know 

PLAN OF DUST COLLECTOR SHOWING MEASUREMENTS 

the proper way to figure these cellars. A is a house 

in which the cellar is exposed on all four sides, is 

14 x 20 ft with a 9-ft. ceiling and has four windows 

in each side 22 x 18 in. and one door 6l/2 ft. x 32 in. 

B is a house 30x50 ft. with a 10-ft. ceiling, wall 

exposed on four sides 4 ft. above ground. It has 

inlet without any pressure at the discharge. Please three windows in each side 15 x 30 in. and cellar door 

note that the inlet on the sketch does not enter the flue 7 ft. x 34 in. on south side. C is a house located on 

direct but on a tangent so as to give a centrifugal a side hill and is 25 x 40 ft. with an 8-ft. ceiling, has 

motion to the air and dust when entering the collector three windows 2x3 ft. and the grade extends from 

so as to help the foreign matters to settle and the air top of cellar wall on long side to the floor at the otlier 

to separate from it and pass out of the central tube. end. I would appreciate you assistance in this matter

372 .METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 


Our Telephone Number 

than can now be made. Many of the buyers in the 

VISITORS are finding us at our new address, 156 

trade look for some recessions after the first of the 

Fifth Avenue, New York City, and we can now 

year but they do not expect they will make any very 

apprise our friends that a call, "Watkins 4021," 

positive showing until after the first of March, when 

will find us ever ready to render such service as is in 

doubtless political as well as economical changes will 

our power. 

be made. 

It is useless to get into any considerable argument, 

but it is important that buyers who are dissatisfied 

The Perplexities of Business 

ITH legislatures enacting laws to facilitate the 

provision of roofs over the heads of the multi 

tude and efforts being made everywhere to 

bring down the cost of living, men engaged in lines 

of business where a.s yet the probabilities of any re 

cessions in prices are remote, have, in the vernacu 

lar of the day. hard sledding. One capable sales 

man in our field has answered his customers who look 

for lower prices, with the statement that he will ex 

change his products for their commodity on the basis 

of barter and on the basis of prices previous to 1914. 

Analysis soon shows that his prices have not gone 

up anything like as much as clothing, food and the 

majority of things in which people .are interested. 

That holds right straight through with the plumh 

ing, heating and sheet metal lines. It is only neces 

sary for the man to be well informed of these facts 

to lay them before his customers and assure them 

that what he has tn sell is not priced out of reason 

or susceptible to those recessions being made because 

nf too radical and great advances previously made in 

other fields. 

It has been pointed out before that with the price 

of labor and its productiveness and the price of raw 

materials, tliere is a strong probability of further 

advances in many lines made of metal before there 

can lie any great recession. And the period for that 

recession does not seem to be at hand. 

PRICES WILL CHANGE SLOWLY 

All nf the goods being sold to-day .-ire made out 

of high-priced materials and with higher priced labor 

than in 1911 and under these conditions their cost 

prevents any possibility of such recessions as people 

expect. Already people are looking to what the 

effect will be after the first of the year. Tliere seems 

to be some agreement that prices will hold for the 

balance of the year. Then after the collections are 

made during January, the inventory is taken along 

about the first of February and the finances and stocks 

are analyzed and studied with costs, there is some 

possibility that prices for the next spring may show 

some recession with a sounder base for the difference 

with prices be made to see the facts of the case as 

to the cost of materials, the cost of labor and the cost 

of doing business so that they can see that a man has 

nothing to give away and must have a profit of something 

over the replacement of the dollar which he 

expends in their behalf. The solution for the problem 

of present and future prosperity is continuous 

effort to find people who are reasonable and render 

them the service tbey need. 

Have Small Supplies Ready 

T H E rush season is advancing with such rapidity 

that it may well be said it is here. The man who 

is prepared to meet all of the demands will have 

to have in his warerooms or on stock shelves a thou 

sand and one little things like stove pipe wire, leather 

washers, cotter pins for grates, cement, insulating ma 

terial and a host of similar things for which only a 

little may be needed here and there but without which 

no job can be made complete. The man who is careful 

to know his stock will know the amount of everything 

on hand. He will not stop at the big things which 

run into considerable money for each one but will be 

just as careful to see that all these little things are 

where the workmen can be supplied with them quickly 

to save time and leave a finished job. Such materials 

must be taken care of so that they will not be wasted, 

as is too often the case. Those who travel often witness 

the carelessness with which such small things are 

left to be scattered around so that no one knows where 

they are when most needed. 

Fine Days for Roof Painting 

T H E R E are going to be some fine dry days after 

the equinoctial storms that can be used for paint 

ing tin roofs to prepare them for the coining win 

ter season and which many of them need to properly 

protect them. This is the time to inform customers of 

the condition of their roofs and the need for paint. 

It is the time to arrange to have the materials and 

men ready whenever the weather is propitious to render 

the property of customers capable of more safely 

withstanding the ravages of time and tbe stress of 

the weather.

SEPTEMBER 17, 19_0 M E T A L W () R K E R , P I. I' M BER AXD S T F, A \1 [ I T T E R 

M 

OST trade 

associations 

are 

organized f 0 r 

the individual 

benefit of the 

members in a 

particular i ndustry, 

but un 

RURAL WATER SUPPLY 

like other organizations 

the 

cardinal purposes of the Americin Society of Sanitary 

Engineering are to promote world-wide health. 

comfort and welfare of humanity. Perplexing questions 

for the furtherance of sanitary progress constantly 

confront this society and the inhabitants of 

communities are never brought to a realization of thc 

sacrifices cheerfully made by its members in a solution 

of the many problems that arise from year to year. 

It is not necessary for a gathering of thousands of 

delegates at any one time to create the impression of 

its importance and this part was clearly established at 

the'fifteenth annual convention of the American Society 

of Sanitary Engineering, held at St. Louis, Mo.. 

September 7. 8 and 9. Although attendance was 

probably as great as recorded at any former meeting, 

there is no question but what this was the most notable 

meeting in the history of the society, for members and 

distinguished guests were in attendance from all parts 

of the United States and Canada. Among those 

whose presence always encourages an incentive for 

better things were C. V. Kellogg, Cliicago, 111., chairman 

of the X T ational Standardization Bureau; William 

J. Woolley, Evansville, Ind., secretary and general 

manager of the National Trade Extension Bureau: 

Charles B. Nash, Pittsburgh, Pa., director of promotion 

division of the Standard Sanitarv Manufacturing 

Co.; L. McNamara, St. Louis, a former president ol 

the National Association of Master Plumbers; Thomas 

Clark, San Francisco, Cal.; L. D. Lawnin, president 

of the N. O. Nelson Manufacturing Co., St. Louis; 

A. A. Zertanna, St. Louis, a former secretary of the 

National Association of Master Plumbers; Amos 

Smith, Winnipeg, Canada, president of the Canadian 

Society of Sanitary Engineering, not enumerating the 

many prominent members of the society. 

In declaring the first session of the convention in 

order, Stephen H. Gilmore, St. Louis, chairman of the 

local arrangements committee, outlined the program 

for the three days' sessions. He then first introduced 

the Reverend William F. Robinson, who delivered the 

invocation and followed with a delightful address on 

"Organization. 

Sanitary Engineers Meet 

in St. Louis 

Many Distinguished Guests at the Fifteentli 

Annual Meeting of the American Society of 

Sanitary Engineering, Held on September 7-9 

373 

Mayor Kiel spoke of the importance of an organization 

of this character and the necessity for the improvement 

and progress of sanitary science. 

A. A. Zertanna, St. Louis, assured the members that 

the master plumbers were in harmony with the efforts 

of the society and its accomplishments. 

"Three fundamentals are the basic foundation of 

the iilumbing industry, technical, practical and financial," 

declared L. McNamara, St. Louis, who also 

gave a lengthy talk on sanitation .and hygiene. He 

further spoke of the work of the National Trade Extension 

Bureau, of which he was the first chairman. 

Ernest J. Russell, a prominent architect of St. 

Louis, urged the society to have representation at the 

coming congress of all allied building industries and 

said that the architects were vitally interested in thc 

solution of the many problems before the convention. 

As a representative of the manufacturing branch 

'f the plumbing and heating industry, L. D. Lawnin. 

St. Louis, dwelt on the subject of standardization of 

fixtures and fittings. He acquainted the members of 

the grief surrounding the problems of water supply in 

early history and of the unique method of conveying 

water in the ancient period. He said the allied organizations 

in their field were responsible for the 

t

374 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBEH 17, 1920 

explained by E. E. Wall, commissioner of water purification. 

He spoke of the necessity for pure water, 

the ease with whicli it can become polluted and contain 

typhoid germs and the purification of contaminated 

water. 

The chairman of the ladies' committee, S. A. Kiernan, 

St. Louis, modestly acknowledged his introduction 

and assured the ladies of a delightfully busy sojourn 

in St. Louis. 

The signal for an outburst of applause came with 

the introduction of Major William C. Groeniger of 

Columbus, Ohio, president of the society. He prefaced 

his remarks with an expression of appreciation 

of the society to all the preceding speakers for their 

cordial words of greetings and welcome. He said that 

organization spells the spirit of service, self-sacrifice 

and co-operation; that there is room for all practical, 

theoretical and financial engineers or any one interested 

in sanitary science, and that the best definition 

for education is only one's ability to successfully cope 

with his environments. He urged the members to at 

all times keep the "Service Sign" ahead of the dollar. 

In declaring a recess, he stated that all sessions would 

be promptly called to order at the time set for the 

re-convening. 

TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION 

The Tuesday afternoon session opened with the 

reading of communications by Secretary A. E. Smith 

of Columbus, Ohio. A telegram from L. A. Cornelius. 

Grand Rapids, who is now in California, and a letter 

from T. J. Claffy, Cliicago, both conveying well 

wishes, met with prolonged applause. 

In introducing William J. Woolley, Evansville. 

Ind.. President Groeniger said he was the Moses of 

the plumbing industry, for he was now recognized as 

tlieir leader and standard bearer. 

Mr. W r oolley first gave an extensive resume of the 

operations of the National Trade Extension Bureau 

and concluded with an interesting talk on the analysis 

of the cost of materials in relation to each productive 

hour. He discouraged the practice of the 

cost plus a certain percentage method of contracting 

and solicited the members to command the services 

of his bureau whenever it can be of assistance to them. 

A rising vote of thanks was accorded Mr. Woolley 

for his splendid address. 

The usual custom of debating upon all subjects 

brought up was indulged in, the participants being 

John Fowler, Jacksonville, Fla.; J. H. F.ustice, Oakland, 

Cal.; William J. Yackley, Dayton, Ohio, and 

others. 

The introduction of Charles B. Nash, Pittsburgh. 

Pa., was an assurance of a dissemination of knowledge 

from one of the brightest minds in the trade, 

and in the presentation of his subject, "The Next 

Step in Sanitation," he fulfilled his reputation as an 

entertaining and interesting speaker. A subsequent 

issue of this publication will contain this essay as 

presented by Mr. Nash, who also was shown the appreciation 

of the members for his instructive address 

by a rising vote of thanks. 

J. J. Crotty, Boston, Mass., uttered a word of warning 

when he said an effort is being made to destroy 

the accomplishments of the plumber and said we must 

closely scrutinize and learn, if possible, what actuated 

such desires. 

"The Value of the Trade Press to the Sanitary 

Engineer," an essay prepared by H. A. Call, associate 

editor of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FIT 

TER, was read by George W. Wood, representing the 

publication at this convention. 

A friendly discussion followed between Arthur D. 

Campbell of the Plumbers' Trade Journal and L. 

Hutchinson of Domestic Engineering, both adding 

testimony to support the ideas of Mr. Call and making 

clear the position occupied by the trade press 

and the duty it performs. 

Chairman Groeniger then announced the following 

committees: 

Auditing and Finance—T. J. Lee, Pittsburgh, Pa., 

chairman; Luke Devine, Elizabeth, N. J., and Otto 

Meinert, Davenport, Iowa. 

Resolution—George W. W r ood, Chicago, 111., chairman; 

J. R. Walker, Waterbury, Conn.; C. A. Rainger, 

Cleveland, Ohio; Frank L. Maar, Poughkeepsie, N. 

Y.; and Frank Fitzgeorge, Trenton, N. J. 

Convention City—George J. Dehn, Chicago, 111., 

chairman; Frank Tweedie, New Orleans, La.; George 

Stolz, Milwaukee, Wis.; W. J. Yackley, Dayton, 

Ohio; and Ed. O'Connor, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

State Association—F. R. King, Madison, Wis.; A. 

E. Smith, Columbus, Ohio; J. J. Connor, Denver, 

Colo.; A. C. Shaver, Pasadena, Cal.; and A. J. Mc 

Gookin, Newark, N. J. 

An essay entitled. "Standards for Soil Pipe and 

THE MEMBERS AND GUESTS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SANITARY

SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 M E T A L WORKER, PLUMBER A N D S T E A M FIT T E R 

Fittings," prepared by. T J. Claffy, Chicago, was 

read by Secretary A. E. Smith and at the conclusion 

a general discussion was led by George J. Dehn of 

Chicago, 111., following which the first day's session 

adjourned. 

WEDNESDAY MORNING SESSION 

The Wednesday morning session opened promptly 

at the stipulated hour and the roll call recorded but 

a few absentees. Frank R. King, Madison, Wis., presented 

a paper upon "Domestic Sanitary Engineering 

a Factor in Public Health Work," which was followed 

by the paper of Secretary A. E. Smith, Columbus, 

Ohio, entitled "The Equal Operation and Enforcement 

of State Minimum Standard Regulations upon All 

Classes and Kinds of Buildings." 

At the conclusion of the reading of this paper, President 

Groeniger paved the way for a joint discussion 

of both. It developed during this debate that a campaign 

of education for both the plumber and public 

was being planned in Colorado and J. J. Crotty, Boston, 

Mass., informed the members that a state code 

was now in preparation for Massachusetts. 

J. H. Eustice, Oakland, Cal., told of the effort in 

his state to abolish cesspools and further spoke of the 

evil practised upon the innocent purchaser of building 

lots where no sewage system exists, the sale of 

such lots being made upon the express promise to connect 

with a sewage or water supply system. 

John Fowler, Jacksonville, Fla., said his impression 

of the difference between the plumber and the doctor 

was that when a plumber made a mistake in an installation 

it was necessary for him to correct such 

trouble at his expense, but when the doctor erred in 

his diagnosis they usually buried the patient. 

Secretary Smith closed this discussion by saying 

that the motto of the sanitary engineer should be 

"Prevention rather than a cure." 

President Groeniger read digests from an essay he 

prepared for the American Public Health Society, of 

which he is a member. A rising vote of thanks was 

extended to both Mr. King and Mr. Smith. 

The inability of W. W. Hughes, Minneapolis, Minn.. 

to attend this meeting was extremely regretted by the 

niembers and his paper upon "Boy Scouts in Plumbing" 

was presented bv President Groeniger. The lat 

ENGINEERING ATTENDING ANNUAL MEETING, ST. LOUIS, SEPTEMBER 7-9 

375 

ter also advised the members of his meeting Mr. 

Hughes during the recent convention of the National 

Association of Master Plumbers held at Pittsburgli 

and of the work in this direction carried on at the 

Dunwoodie Institute at Minneapolis. 

Thomas Clark, San Francisco, Cal., representing the 

L lifted Association of Journeymen Plumbers, Gas and 

i'team Fitters, urged the employer to meet with his 

help from time to time in order to become more familiar 

with the surroundings of the employee and bring 

about a better understanding between them. He further 

suggested that the society encourage the distribution 

of propaganda among the general public in an 

endeavor to destroy the ancient feeling against the 

nlumbers. 

At the conclusion of Mr. Clark's address the members 

expressed their appreciation by applause. 

Telegrams and letters inviting the societv to hold its 

1921 meeting were received from prominent state and 

city officials of New Orleans, La., and Dallas, Texas, 

which were referred to the convention city committee. 

Before declaring a recess for luncheon President 

(iroeniger requested a full attendance of members at 

the afternoon session to hear C. V. Kellog, Chicago, 

111., chairman of the National Standardization Bureau. 

WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION 

The roster of speakers had Thomas F. Hanley, Chicago, 

111., scheduled to address the convention on 

"Standardization as a Benefit to the Plumbing Industry 

and Public," but owing to illness he was unable 

to be present and Mr. Kellogg substituted. 

As a preliminary to his address Mr. Kellogg told 

of the conception of the Standardization Bureau. He 

attended the convention of master plumbers at Atlantic 

City a few years ago, at which time a resolution 

was introduced dwelling upon standardization from a 

mechanical viewpoint. He said he realized then that 

this was a vital subject and an opportune time to establish 

such a bureau, which should comprise all the allied 

interests in the industry. He said the object of this 

bureau is to make business and not to curtail it. Standardization 

as attempted is to standardize goods, not 

to make them easy to install but to have them properly 

installed, which must result in a bigger and better

376 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM EITTER SEPTEMBEH 17, 1920 

business for the industry. He further stated that the 

costs of materials have so increased that the public 

hesitates to build and many believe that a break will 

soon come so that wc might return to pre-war conditions, 

but in his judgment prices had not yet reached 

the peak. He cited the increased cost of transportation 

as a factor in maintaining present prices. Labor 

and food costs must be readjusted before any reduction 

in other costs can become effective. This change 

in conditions must be gradual and cannot occur immediately. 

On the necessity for standardization, .Mr. Kellogg 

outlined the operations of a railroad as a concrete example 

and further advised the members of the elimination 

of 12,000 pieces from the new catalog of plumbers' 

brass goods. Anotlier purpose of standardization 

is to have the manufacturer brand his goods so that if 

additional parts are necessarv, they can be easily 

obtained. Where fixtures or fittings of certain types 

and sizes were seldom used, it was also necessary to 

carry an additional overhead upon tliese fixtures and 

eventually charged against the consumer. Standardization 

is also necessary for self-preservation for the 

manufacturer, but it would require from 2 to 3 years to 

ultimately reach the desired standard of correct standardization, 

which will then automatically put this industry 

on a plane where it properlv belongs. 

President Groeniger expressed to Mr. Kellogg the 

profound appreciation of the society for his most instructive 

address and frequently during the discussion 

that followed Mr. Kellogg answered many questions. 

J. R. Walker, Waterbury, Conn., one of the vicepresidents, 

occupied the chair while President Groeniger 

made an elaborate report as chairman of the committee 

representing the society on the National Standardization 

Bureau and made many timely suggestions 

for the future consideration of the bureau. He intimated 

that when the society was organized it was for 

the express purpose of effecting standardization of fixtures 

and fittings and this will eventually be one of the 

greatest accomplishments in this industry. He suggested 

that the former sacrifice of efficiency tor economy 

was a huge mistake and now the consumer will 

benefit more than any one branch of this industry and 

standardization will eventually stimulate progress. He 

spoke of the disastrous earthquake in San Francisco 

and how this taught another lesson to civilization relative 

to the absolute necessity for sanitation when the 

inhabitants were forced to meet other conditions. He 

read an outline of a proposed code of 36 sections, giving 

an explanation of each section. This code will tie 

submitted to the National Standardization Bureau for 

final adoption, with necessary amendments. 

The report was accepted and a rising vote of thanks 

proffered both Mr. Kellogg and Mr. Groeniger. 

Edward Quinn, St. Louis, a past president, gave an 

interesting talk upon the early history of the society, 

the grief and barriers it encountered and final success, 

eulogizing the charter members who organized the 

society. He also said plumbing code standardization is 

just as necessary as that of fixtures and fittings and 

concluded with an interesting discourse upon "Salesmanship 

and Its Relation to Sanitary Engineering." 

In an impromptu talk on questions for the further 

considerations of the society, President Groeniger 

urged a continuation of the individual efforts of the 

members in the construction and maintenance of public 

comfort stations, the extermination of the rodent family 

and other disease-carrying agents, with the construction 

of rat-proof buildings and wharves, sanitation 

and its relation to the public health, the shortage 

of homes and the effects upon health conditions. He 

suggested that the resolution committee draft suitable 

resolutions upon such recommendations. 

Just as an adjournment was in order Stephen Gilmore 

introduced John Cooney, a pioneer master 

plumber of St. Louis, who told of the grief existing 

in the plumbing business 50 years ago when lead working 

was a necessary adjunct and he traced the progress 

from that time to the present generation. 

THURSDAY SESSION 

Tlie third and concluding day's session opened with 

a continuation of enthusiasm. T. J. Lee, Pittsburgh, 

as chairman of the auditing and finance conimittee, 

rendered a report approving the records of the society 

the past year and showing a substantial cash balance. 

Secretary Smith reported upon the activities of the 

society for its fiscal year, the increase in their active 

and associate membership and the campaign for encouraging 

attendance at future annual meetings. 

George W. Wood, chairman of the resolution committee, 

presented the following resolution, all of which 

met with the approval of the society. 

THAT municipalities enact a license law making' necessary 

the examination of applicants before the issuing of a 

license. 

THAT sanitary police who inspect drainage and plumbing 

he practical and competent. 

THAT n National Health Bureau be created with a cabinet 

officer in charge, the encouraging of the practice of 

rat-proofing buildings and wharves, the further construction 

and maintenance of public comfort stations with the enactment 

of legislation similar to the laws of Wisconsin, expressions 

of appreciation to all the speakers, officers, committees 

and the trade press. 

THAT a committee lie appointed to consider the deterioration 

of materials used in sewage construction. 

THAT the president be authorized to continue thc same 

members on the committee on standardization, the establishment 

of a bureau for plumbing tests, and the extension of 

sewers and water supply to vacant tracts of land about to 

he offered for sale as building lots. 

Great attention was also given to the paper of A. 

C. Shaver, Pasadena, Cal., on "The Length of Service 

of Materials for House Drains, Home Sewers, Soil 

Waste and Vent Pipes." following which interesting 

"emmfnts were made by Amos Smith, Winnipeg, 

Canada. 

Stephen H. Gilmore inaugurated the debate upon 

house drains and vents and reported for the convention 

city committee. 

George J. Dehn, Chicago, 111., as chairman, announced 

the selection of Dallas, Texas, for the 1921 

convention. 

A motion prevailed directing Treasurer Jerry F. 

Doud. Cincinnati, Ohio, to present a check for $100 

to President W. C. Groeniger as an expression of 

appreciation from the society for his splendid services 

the past year. 

J. R. Walker, Waterbury. Conn., in well-chosen 

woids, nominated Mr. Groeniger for re-election as 

president and immediately the nominations were closed 

and his selection was made unanimous. Major Bill 

thanked the members for this burden, as he expressed 

it, and assured them of his continued loyalty, further 

stating that he hoped to report a substantia] increase 

in membership this coming year.

SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 METAL WORKER, P L U M B E R A X D S T E A M E I T T E 

The other officers unanimously elected are as follows: 

Treasurer, Jerry F. Doud, Cincinnati, Ohio; 

secretary, A. S. Smith, Columbus, Ohio; director, A. 

C. Shaver, Pasadena, Cal., .and the following vice-presidents, 

selected in the order named, Charles A. Rainger, 

Cleveland, Ohio; L. J. Devine, Elizabeth, N. J.; 

J. R. Walker, Waterbury, Conn.; T. J. Lee, Pittsburgh, 

Pa.; George J. Dehn, Chicago, 111.; Amos 

Smith. Winnipeg, Canada ; Otto Meinert, Davenport, 

Iowa; J. J. Crotty, Boston, Mass.; Stephen H. Gilmore. 

St. Louis, Mo.; and George R. Stolz, Milwaukee, 

Wis. 

MEMBERS IN ATTENDANCE 

Herewith is a complete list of the registered members 

in 'attendance: George B. Barron, Chicago; 

John Brady, St. Louis; J. J. Crotty, Boston; John 

Cripps. Cincinnati, Ohio; J. J. Connor, Denver, 

Colo.; L. J. Devine, Elizabeth, N. J.; George J. 

Dehn. Chicago; Jerry F. Doud, Cincinnati, Ohio; J. 

F. Driscoll, Pittsburgh; John Eiden, Evanston, 111.; 

J. H. Eustice, Oakland, Cal.; F. H. Fitzgeorge, Trenton, 

N. J.; John Fowler, Jacksonville, Fla.; Stephen 

H. Gilmore, St. Louis; A. S. Gregory, Rockford, 111.; 

W. C. Groeniger, Columbus, Ohio; E. J. Hanley, St. 

Louis; Frank R. King, Madison, Wis.; J. T. McKetrick. 

Mukogee, Okla.; T. M. Landers, Richmond, Va.; 

T. J. Lee, Pittsburgli, Pa.; Otto Meinert, Davenport, 

Iowa; E. P. McKay Wilmington, Del.; E. M. Mc- 

Lundie, St. Louis; M. J. Mooney, Syracuse, N. Y.; 

J. R. Mahar, Syracuse, N. Y.; Frank M. Maar, 

Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; A. J. McGookin, Newark, N. J.; 

W. M. McGarrah, Macon, Ga.; Edward O'Connor, 

Cincinnati, Ohio; W. R. Pugh. Racine, Wis.; Charles 

A. Rainger, Cleveland, Ohio; J. A. Sullivan, Joliet, 

111.; A. C. Shaver, Pasadena, Cal.; Amos Smith, Winnipeg, 

Canada; Aden E. Smith, Columbus, Ohio; 

George R. Stolz, Milwaukee, Wis.; H. L. Schaller, 

Miami. Fla.; F. P. Tweedie, New Orleans, La.; J. H. 

Tracy, Chicago, 111.; D. H. W r yatt, Columbus, Ohio; 

J. R. Walker. Waterbury. Conn.; F. L. Yerburv, Rock 

Island, 111.; W. J. Yackley, Dayton, Ohio; William 

J. Woolley, Evansville, Ind. 

ENTERTAINMENT AND CONVENTION WHIRLS 

One of the pronounced features of the nieeting was 

the banquet and dance during the evening of Septem 

ber 9, held at the Riverview Club, one of the historic 

surroundings of St. Louis on the Mississippi River. 

The members and friends gathered at 2 o'clock and 

were driven through the business and residential sections 

of St. Louis, thence to the Bevo plant, Shaw 

Gardens, Art Building, where the group photograph 

was taken, and continued through the boulevards to the 

Riverview Club, where an appetizing menu was enjoyed 

and during the serving of the courses a program 

of vaudeville entertainment was given. 

A. A. Zertanna, St. Louis, acting as toastmaster, 

then introduced the speakers for the evening. Responses 

were made by W T illiam C. Groeniger, A. E. 

Smith, L. McNamara, R. Anderson, J. Eiden, concluding 

with the presentation of two handsome bouquets 

to Stephen H. Gilmore on behalf of the St. Louis 

and East St. Louis local associations of Master Plumbers. 

Dancing continued until midnight when the party 

returned to tlieir respective hotels in automobiles fur 

37> 

nished by the local members of the association, jobbers 

and manufacturers. 

A number of ladies accompanied their husbands to 

the nieeting and during tlieir stay in St. Louis were 

guests of the Ladies' Auxiliary of the local Association 

of Master Plumbers. They were entertained with a 

reception, luncheon and theater parties, shopping tours 

and automobile drives. 

The delegates were desirous of taking advantage of 

the automobile drive arranged for Thursday afternoon 

so they concluded to continue the last morning's session 

until all their work was completed. 

As evidence of the popularity of Charles A. Rainger, 

Cleveland, he was selected to head the vice-presidents 

and was therefore thc first one to be elected. 

Joseph Lamping, one of Cincinnati's prominent 

merchant plumbers, displayed his new patented closet 

connection, which received favorable attention from 

the members. 

Owing to illness, Amos Smith. Winnipeg, Canada, 

was absent from the early sessions, but he recovered in 

time to attend the final session and gave much instructive 

information regarding the deterioration of materials 

in sewer construction. 

The meeting of the board of directors planned for 

Labor Day was delayed because of the late arrival of 

President Groeniger, who motored from Columbus, 

Ohio. Major Bill not only encountered rough roads 

and an abundance of rain, but on his arrival at St. 

Louis at 1 o'clock a. m., Tuesday, he was held by the 

police as a suspicious character until he was able to 

properly identify himself. He now claims he has very 

high regard for the efficiency of the St. Louis police 

force. 

George J. Dehn, president and general manager of 

the Compound Injector & Specialty Co., Chicago, 111.. 

always actively interested in the success of the society, 

was honored with a re-election as the fifth vice-president. 

George B. Barron, also a member of the society, 

and Stanley B. Ruff, both representatives of the comiiany, 

were in attendance. 

The members had the jileasure of meeting the only 

bridal couple at the meeting, D. H. Wyatt and wife 

Columbus, Ohio, who were married a month ago and 

are still on their honeymoon. Mr. Wyatt was showing 

a new closet flange that will soon be placed upon the 

market bv the Groeniger Sanitary Co., Columbus, 

Ohio. 

Ask "Bill" Woolley, Evansville, Ind., why he can 

always make his efforts profitable when he is accomplishing 

something for other people. 

"Jack" Cripps, Cincinnati, Ohio, representing the 

Eaa;le-Picher Lead Co., attended this meeting for the 

purpose of having the standardization committee include 

plumbers' lead goods in their list of fixtures now 

under consideration by this committee, Hr. Cripps 

also became an associate member of the society. 

THE BRIER HILL STEEL CO., Youngstown, Ohio, 

has purchased the lake freighter, the H. II. Porter, 

one of the four vessels built by the American Shipbuilding 

Co. this season on its own account. This 

vessel, which will be placed in commission this week. 

will be operated by a separate corporation to be known 

as the Brier Hilf Steamship Co. and will be used for 

carrying ore for the Brier Hill Steel Co.

378 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBEH 17, 1920 


Midland Furnace Manufacturers 

Matters of Importance Discussed at Gathering 

at Hotel Sherman on September 9 

One of the best attended meetings of the Midland 

Club was called to order in the Sherman Hotel, Chicago. 

September 9, by President J. M. Trigg, Huntington, 

Ind. An important topic on everybody's mind 

was the effect of the recent advances in railroad 

rates, and their affect on the cost of goods. With 

prices for iron and coke increasing and a steady demand 

there was no feeling of depression in the industry. 

Cancellation of orders by automobile makers and 

others had not made any surplus of material, as steel 

had rapidly been absorbed by other industries. Even 

though new building is light, the demand for furnaces 

is ahead of production, and the prospects for a continued 

good business for the remainder of the year are 

considered very good. Various members told of 

production troubles which hampered the output of the 

plants in their sections. 

There was a keen interest in the quarterly sales 

plan used by some manufacturers, and the opinion 

was expressed that it was advantageous and satisfactory 

to both buyer and seller, and would be continued. 

The subject of a uniform cost system was brought 

up, and a special committee was appointed to study 

the subject and make a report of the matter, after 

which the meeting adjourned. 

Western Central Stove Manufacturers 

Meeting Held at Congress Hotel, Chicago 

on Wednesday, September 8 

The stove makers of the Middle West were well 

represented at the meeting of the Western Central 

Association of Stove Manufacturers, held in the Congress 

Hotel, Wednesday, September 8. 

Discussions of the freight rate advance, production 

troubles and the outlook for the remainder of the year 

were participated in by all present. The officers of 

the association are: President, J. T. Templeton; vicepresident, 

J. A. Fry; treasurer and secretary, A. W. 

Williams. 

i 

Next Western Trade Golf Meet 

To Be Held at Blue Mound Country Club, Milwaukee. 

on Tuesday, September 21st 

Advance preparations have been completed for thc: 

members of the Western Trade Golf Association to 

play at the Blue Mound Country Club, Milwaukee, 

Wis., Tuesday, September 21. A special car will 

leave the Adams Street station of the Chicago, North 

Shore & Milwaukee Electric Railroad at 8 o'clock. 

Cliicago time, arriving at Milwaukee 9:47, according 

to the announcement of Captain E. W. Sanborn. This 

will give plenty of time for the morning round, in 

preparation for the afternoon match play. 

All members are urged to notify Treasurer Joe 

Carroll of their intention of going and show that thev 

appreciate the invitation of Host Sharpe. 

New England Golf Meet 

Association Enjoys Play at Brae Burn Country 

Club Links 

The New England Metal Products Golf Association 

held its last meeting at the Brae Burn Country 

Club with playing in the morning and afternoon. 

Dinner was served at the clubhouse after the playing 

while a light luncheon was enjoyed at noon. 

W. H. Tlia}'er of Crow Point won the morning play 

with a gross of 89 and net of 83. W. J. Eddy captured 

the afternoon first. Second prizes went to G. F. 

Uhler and G. A. Murphy, respectively. 

The next meeting of the association will be held at 

the Rhode Island Country Club, but the date of the 

meeting has not been decided upon. 

H. 

\\ 

W 

11 

c. 

L. Doten 

A. Griffith 

F. Hubbard 

L. W. Smith 

W 

w H. Thayer. 1st 

II. W. Thorndike 

G. F. Uhler, 2nd 

C. 

VV J. Eddy, 1st 

G. 

S. B. Reed 

R. 

Morning Scores Afternoon Scores 

Gross Hand Net 

109 12 97 

110 Ifi 94 

114 20 94 

100 14 86 

102 12 90 

114 14 100 

Ill 18 93 

89 6 83 

126 24 102 

115 30 85 

130 30 100 

Gross Hand Net 

193 12 91 

108 16 0' 

113 20 93 

98 14 S4 

103 12 91 

111 14 97 

105 18 87 

94 6 as 

117 24 93 

119 30 89 

123 30 91 

105 ?A S1 

86 4 P.? 

102 14 RS 

98 12 86 

ELEVENTH ANNUAL OUTING OF THE MAINE ASSOCIATION OF MASTER PLUMBERS AT LONG ISLAND, AUGUST 16

SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 METAI. \V O K K F. R , PLUMB E R A N 1) S T E A M I' I T T E R 

Massachusetts Sanitary Club 

New Officers Elected at September Meeting of Directors 

At the September meeting of the directors of the 

Massachusetts Sanitary Club, the officers for the year 

were elected. 

William H. Sullivan, recently president of the Massachusetts 

Master Plumbers' Association, was elected 

president, succeeding Daniel F. Carroll, Lowell. William 

H. Toner, Worcester, was elected vice-president; 

J. Preston Perham, Boston, treasurer of the Massachusetts 

Master Plumbers' Association, was elected 

treasurer, and W r illiam A. Bradford, Quincy, a former 

president of the state association, was elected secretary. 

Nothing further was done regarding the selection 

of a permanent secretary, although the choice of Mr. 

Bradford, who is to be the premanent secretary when 

one is elected, is a step towards that goal which is to 

be established as soon as the necessary financial backing 

is secured. 

The other directors are Edmund F. Butler, Frank 

W. Hubbard, William P. Kane, all of Boston; Edward 

A. Morris, Lowell; C. M. Neily, Haverhill; and 

Elwood. Noyes, Salem. 

Manhattan Master Plumbers* Outing 

Motor Buses Take Guests to Whitestone Landing, 

Where Program of Sports Is Enjoyed 

The largest turnout of members and guests of the 

Manhattan Branch of the Association of Master 

Plumbers of New York City in recent years was the 

response to the work of the committee appointed by 

President John L. Knight. It consisted of J. H. Jasper, 

Harry Hemlin, Herman Auskulat, George J. Simons, 

James S. Lawlor, A. E. Jackson, Morris Jarcho. 

W T illiam Lawrence and John L. Knight. 

The start was made from the association headquarters, 

155 East Fifty-eighth Street, New York City. 

in motor buses, and after a run down-town to show 

the citizens of New York something of the number 

and importance of the plumbing contractors of the 

Sitting: \V. H. Crookston, J. E. Titzell. Past Treasurer 

Cuno Muller. President John L. Knight and Thomas J. 

Tourney of The Guard. 

Standing- Rear: Herman Auskulot and Commissioner 

Alex Brown. 

SOME OF THE NOTABLES AT MANHATTAN OUTING 

city, a return was made. The buses then crossed the 

East River and the trip was made to Duer's Hotel 

and park at Whitestone Landing, L. I. 

Among the officers of the association present were 

J. L. Murphy, Joseph H. Booth, Joseph H. Jasper, 

William Young-, the Manhattan Octogenarian talking t 

Paul Euell 

GUESTS AT MANHATTAN OUTING 

379 

adjourned to the ball field, where the master plumbers 

heat the wholesale trade by a score of 15 to 1. 

Among the guests from other cities were Thomas 

O'Brien, John J. Dixon and M. Kennedy from Brooklyn; 

John F. Rogers and George M. O'Connor, Flushing; 

Stephen Welch, the Bronx; Joseph F. Elliott, 

of the Richmond association. There also was a large 

turnout of the representatives of the different supply 

houses in New York City who contributed to the pleasure 

of the day. 

After the ballgame, a stanch dog of aggressive 

temperament was secured as well as a badger and a 

tight was pulled off to the gaiety of the entire assembly 

to which Past National Secretary John R. Hopkin 

contributed substantially, even if he was up a tree. 

In the program of sports conducted under the management 

of Flarry Hemlin, the 100-yd. dash was won 

by William Hennegan in 12 sec; the shot put by 

John J. Goldschmidt, 31 ft.; the hop, skip and jump 

by N. R. Lemcke, 36 ft.; the standing broad jump 

by H. Greenberg, 8 ft. 8 in.; the running broad jump 

by H. Amberger, 13 ft. 6y2 in.; three standing jumps 

by Raymond Brown, 26 ft.; Vi-mile run by Walter T. 

McGirr, 2 min. 20 sec; bottle race, D. C. W T alker; 

shoe race, A. Nuss; fat men's race, W. Buchwold. 

The winning teams of the ball games were awarded 

cuff links and all the other prize winners were presented 

with silver cigarette cases. 

After the field sports the party congregated in the 

dining hall and exchanged expressions of good will 

until the dinner was served, after whicli the train was 

taken for Nelv York City. All voted that the day had 

been well spent. 

North Shore Plumbers' Outing 

Fine Dinner and Many Sports Enjoyed at 

Centennial Grove, Essex, Mass. 

The annual outing of the North Shore Master 

Plumbers' Association of Massachusetts was held in 

Centennial Grove, Essex, Mass., September 1, with 

more than 50 members, jobbers and salesmen in at-

380 M E T A 1. WO R K E R , P L U M B E R AXD STE A M F I T T E R SEPTEMBER 17, 19_0 

P. .1. Sturn, John Maier and Morris Berla 

Respectively 70, sr, and 91. 

SOME OF THE GUESTS AT THE NEWARK PLUMBERS' OUTING 

tendance and the enjoyable events of former years served ham and eggs and other good things along with 

were surpassed upon this occasion. 

the breakfast. A little later on a luncheon of beef 

The party gathered at Town House Square. Salem, steak and suitable vegetables was served. 

and motored to the grove, where quoit pitching, discus In the afternoon those who were still hungry were 

throwing and otlier sports were held and a baseball fed "hot dogs" and just before the close of the day, 

game between the plumbers and allied trades ended the chef and his corps of cooks and waitresses served 

in a real score of 2 to 1 in favor of the plumbers. as fine a chicken dinner as it is commonly the good 

Perley Kelley and Robert Robertson, Jr., comprised fortune of a man to enjoy. 

the winning battery with Barstow of the Hungerford While all this was going on, James Sheridan had 

Co. and A'Hearn of the Corcoran Supply Co. the cliarge of the sports and had the salesmen and the 

losing battery. 

plumbers out on the field playing a game of baseball. 

A combination lobster and chicken dinner was Samuel F. Wilson, who is out for the Republican 

served at the hotel. President Bartholomew Dris nomination for sheriff, showed good judgment and got 

coll and Secretary James H. Trow were in charge of his base on balls and then deputized H. F. Baillet to 

arrangements and Robert Robertson, Jr., and Reuben do the running for him. Miller came along with a 

Dockham had charge of the sports. 

home run, clearing the bases, so that the plumbers 

won with a score of 13 to 10. 

Newark Outing New Jersey Reunion 

After they had attended one of the sessions with 

Chef Traymer the sports were pulled off and in the 

Annual Picnic- of Master Plumbers Held at 

Hollywood Park. Maplewood, September 11th 

shot put P. Hofer, Jr., cleared a space of 36 ft. 4 in. 

and won a pocket knife. He was closely followed by 

J. C. McDonald with a put of 31 ft. 7l/2" in. McDoii- 

A larger representation from further South was all a.d was after Hofer again, who won the standing 

that was needed to make the outing of the Master broad jump by clearing 8 ft. 7 in., with McDonald 

Plumbers' Association of Newark, N. J., a reunion of just t iii. behind him. This brought Hofer a set of 

New Jersey plumbers, at Hollywood Park, Maple Savill sink bibbs. 

wood. N. J., Saturday, September 1 1. 

The fat man's race was won by Bill W 

Joseph Sprouls, J. J. Corcoran and William T. J. 

Orriss were there from Jersey City; J. H. Cadigan 

and William Delhagen represented Paterson; Past 

State Secretary Joseph A. Durr, William Chesnut, 

Alexander MacGregor and one or two others represented 

Montclair. State President William Snudden 

came down from Morristown alone. Then the notables 

were Morris Berla, 91 years old; John Maier, 81 years 

old, and F. J. Sturn, a past treasurer, 70 years old. 

The committee in charge which brought out this 

party consisted of Chairman Samuel F. Wilson, E. 

Sternkopf, F. J. Sturn, A. Taafe, Benjamin Cohen, 

James Sheridan, M. J. Brady and William Spatcher. 

The Newark plumbers believe the way to a man's 

good will is to fill him with good things and, as soon 

as the party arrived on the ground, Chef Traymer 

r atson, of 

Belleville, and he carried off a fine silk umbrella because 

George S. Monahan, Keaslev & Matteson Co., 

would not start. H. E. Hill won the 50-yd. dash, 

closely followed by A. M. Johnson and P. Meyer, and 

this got him a fine pocket knife. 

A good deal of fun was made by the wheelbarrow 

race, won by J. C. McDonald, who was the wheel 

ind shafts, and R. R. Wettstein, the wheelbarrow 

.artist, one representing the United States Radiator Co. 

•and the other Domestic Engineering. Thev received 

two fine pearl handled pocket knives in nice soft 

leather cases. 

The plumbers put one ovei on the salesmen as thev 

followed the instructions of H. F. Baillet and won 

the tug-of-war from McDonald, the coach for the 

salesmen's team, but John McHale, his anchor did

SEPTEMBER 17, 19_0 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 381 

not have the girth to hold the rope and his attempt 

to use a tree was a failure. 

W. H. Beck, state organizer, came down from 

Orange in his Flivver, in which he has been visiting 

different parts of north New Jersey, and enjoyed 

himself and everybody enjoyed meeting him. All extended 

hearty congratulations to President Brad}'- and 

Chairman Wilson on the annual outing of the Newark 

association. 

Illinois Contractors Meet in Springfield 

All Trades Well Represented at Two Day Meeting 

in State Capital 

Delegates from all parts of Illinois, totaling 170, 

gathered in Springfield for the semi-annual meeting 

of the Associated Building Contractors' Association of 

Illinois, on September 9 and 10. The business sessions 

were held in the Leland Hotel with President A. 

Lanquist, Chicago, presiding. 

At the first session, Thursday morning, reports of 

Secretary-Treasurer E. M. Craig, Chicago, and the 

state organizer were heard. Then the following resolutions 

committee was appointed: R. J. Jobst, Peoria; 

G. F. Mehring, Chicago; J. C. Wuelner, Alton; C. J. 

Ryan, Danville; A. C. Preble, Springfield; G. M. 

Getschow, Chicago; Joshua Vasconcelos, Jacksonville; 

F. J. Bero, Elgin; A. O. Carpenter, Cliicago; C. H. 

Robinson, Springfield; and V. L. Page, Rockford. 

John Griffiths, Chicago, spoke on "The Necessity of 

Organization," emphasizing the fact that it would 

overcome the main difficulties encountered in the 

business. 

A luncheon in the hotel was enjoyed at noon and the 

afternoon session was then opened at 1:30 o'clock. A 

number of papers were read and discussed, including 

"Apprentices and Vocational Training," by H. B. 

Barnard; "Building Material," by Herman Metz; 

"Jurisdictional Award," by E. M. Craig; "Legislative 

Activities," by A. Lanquist, and "Mutual Insurance," 

by O. C. Holtz. 

F. T. Weber, New York City, executive secretary 

of the employers' section of the National Association 

of Building Trades, was in attendance. 

A banquet was held at 6:30 in the Leland Hotel and 

many of the members' wives accompanied them. Addresses 

were made by Dr. E. B. Rogers of Central 

Baptist Church, Thomas Rees, publisher of the Illinois 

State Register, and Edward Payne. 

The final session was held Friday morning. An interesting 

paper on "Licenses for Contractors" was 

read by F. A. Bulley, Chicago, and Oscar A. Ruem, 

Chicago, talked on "Collective Bargaining." "Overhead 

Costs" were explained by H. A. Ingersoll of 

Danville. 

Forty autos took the members on a 20-mile tour of 

the city, all points of interest being visited. The trip 

ended at the fair grounds where a fine chicken dinner 

was waiting for everyone. 

New officers will not be elected until the annual 

meeting in February. 

The Chicago delegates who attended are: D. M. 

Haines, Frank Mellish and T. P. Shean for the Sheet 

Metal Contractors' Association, and George M. Getchow, 

C. H. Glennon, George Kirk and George Mehring 

for the Master Steam Fitters' Association. (It 

looks as if the fitters left it to the Georges to do it and 

from all reports they did.) 

\ 

Eastern Supply Association to Meet 

Program Arranged lor Meeting at Hotel Astor, New York 

City, on October 13 

Arrangements are already well under way on a program 

to make it well worth while for every member to 

attend the meeting of the Eastern Supply Association 

in the Hotel Astor, New York City, on Wednesday 

October 13. 

If any member has a matter that should receive attention, 

he should apprise Secretary Frank S. Hanley, 

261 Broadway, New York City. 

Central Supply Meeting October 20 

Fall Meeting to be Held at Hotel Sherman 

Executive Committee October 19 

The regular fall meeting of the Central Supply 

Association will be held at 10 o'clock a. m., Wednesday, 

October 20, in the Hotel Sherman, Cliicago, according 

to the announcement of Secretary Paul 

Blatchford. On the previous day the members of the 

executive committee will hold their meeting. 

Pittsburgh National Convention Preparations 

Sheet Metal Contractors' Convention Committee Appointed 

and Plans Well Under Way for 1921 Meeting 

The first meeting for the fall of the Pittsburgli Association 

of Sheet Metal Contractors was held on 

Friday, September 3, and there was a large turnout 

following the summer vacation. Applications for several 

new members were received. 

The convention committee was appointed and, as 

several members of it were already interested in the 

preparation for the national convention, it is expected 

that their plans will be immediately perfected and 

when the trade meets in Pittsburgh the second week 

of June, 1921, they will be glad that they accepted 

the invitation to come to Pittsburgh. 

Pennsylvania Sheet Metal Contractors 

Plans Completed for Meeting of Officers and Directors 

of Sheet Metal Association 

Through the courtesy of State Secretary Williani 

F. Angermyer, 711 Homewood Avenue, Pittsburgli. 

Pa., information has been received that arrangements 

have been completed for the meeting of the officers 

und directors of the Slieet Metal Contractors' Association 

of Pennsylvania in the Hotel Brunswick, in 

Lancaster, Pa., on Wednesday, September 15. 

Activities are also developing some interest in the 

organization of the Salesmen's Auxiliary, correspondence 

having been opened with the Metal Works Club 

of Philadelphia, and also with the Stove Salesmen's 

Association of Pennsylvania. The association is desirous 

of having an auxiliary organization of the 

representatives of the jobbers and manufacturers to 

advance the interest of all concerned. 

President H. F. Bantham will probably run over 

from Harrisburg and join Secretary Angermyer in 

visiting the local trade previous to the meeting of the 

officers.

382 .METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND S T E __ M FITTER SEPTEMBEH 17, 1920 



R. C. KIRK, who recently resigned as president of 

LaBelle Iron Works, also has resigned as president 

of that company and from the Wheeling Steel Corporation, 

of which he was director and a member of 

the executive board. Mr. Kirk expects to take a 

much-needed rest after 26 years of continuous service, 

and has made no plans for the immediate future. 

WILLIAM A. LEONARD has been elected vice-president 

and general manager of the Imperial Brass Manufacturing 

Co., Chicago, well-known makers of Imperial 

oxy-acetylene welding equipment, Watrous 

plumbing supplies and a general line of automobile 

accessories and brasswork. Until recently Mr. Leonard 

was associated with Belding Brothers & Co., Chicago 

and New York, as organization and sales promotion 

manager. This election completes the sales organization 

of the Imperial Brass Manufacturing Co.. 

which ranks as one of the leading brass manufacturing 

concerns of the Middle West. 


THE CONTINENTAL HEATER CO., Dunkirk, N. Y., 

has awarded contract for the superstructure of the 

new two-story building at its plant on Otter Street, 

to the Dunkirk Mason & Contracting Co., 302 Central 

Avenue. It will be 31 x 60 ft. and is estimated to 


THE MCNAMARA BROTHERS CO., INC., Kloman 

Street, Westport, Md., manufacturer of tanks, boiler 

equipment, etc., will soon take bids for an addition, 

80 x 200 ft., to cost about $25,000. H. F. Doelmann, 

.507 North Charles Street, Baltimore, is architect. 

THE BUDD GRATE CO., 2013 East Latterly Street. 

Philadelphia, Pa., manufacturer of grates, grate bars, 

etc., has filed plans for a one-story building at 2011 

Adams Street. 

known as the Delaware Brass Co. The same interests 

control the Regent Brass Co., Marysville, Ohio.. It 

is stated that equipment amounting to $75,000 has 

been placed. 

THE VICTOR HEATER CO., Marshalltown, Iowa, 

manufacturer of lieaters and lieating equipment, has 

filed plans for three one-story additions, to provide 

about 18,000 sq. ft. of floor space. 

Mn. AND MRS. F. H. HILLIER of Cleveland, Ohio. THE MASSACHUSETTS BLOWER CO., Watertown,. 

recently made a visit to Pittsburgh and naturally ca.ne Mass., fans, blowers, heaters, etc., is operating a new 

in contact with the sheet metal contractors, spending machine and structural department for ornamental 

a very pleasant day. The trip also included a visit iron work, etc. C. V. Greene, who was connected with 

to Secretary J. B. Riley, whose health for some time the New England Structural Co., Boston, for 15 

has interfered with his activities. 

years, is in charge of the structural shop. The company 

employs about 100 men. 

E. H. EITEL of the Special Chemicals Co., Highland 

Park. 111., makers of Speco solid sal ammoniac THE W'ALSH & WEIDNER BOILER Co., Grove Street, 

and other soldering fluxes, read a paper before the Chattanooga, Tenn., manufacturer of boilers, tanks,- 

American Chemical Society Convention in Chicago. etc., has filed plans for a one-story foundry, 80 x 180 

ft., to cost about $15,000. 

THE ESSEX FOUNDRY, Murray Street, Newark, N. 

J., has taken out a permit for a one-story brick addition, 

60x152 ft., to cost about $20,000. It specializes 

in the manufacture of cast iron pipe. 

C. TRIPLETT & Co. is the name of a new firm at 

Coffeeville, Miss., which has engaged in the sheet 

metal and plumbing business under the name "Globe 

Sheet Metal Workers." Mr. Triplett is anxious to 

receive catalogs and trade literature from manufacturers 

and jobbers of plumbing, heating and sheet 

metal supplies. 

THE NEW JERSEY GAS & ELECTRIC APPLIANCE CO., 

Newark, N. J., recently incorporated to manufacture 

gas and electric apparatus, has leased property at 

361/2 New Street, for a plant. Max Gray and H. H 

Sklar head the company. 

The ''Ever Hot" Soldering Tool 

Convenience, efficiency and economy are the features 

to which the attention of sheet metal workers, 

plumbers and all others who do soldering, is called, 

by Belfry & Craighead, 1526 Tribune Building, Chicago, 

111., who have just put the "Ever Hot" solder- 

THE ECONOMY BOILER CO., Ann Arbor, Mich., has 

EVER HOT" SOLDERING TORCH 

completed plans for the erection of a one-story building 

on Main Street, 67 x 130 ft., to cost about $25,000. ing torch on the market. It is given this name bec 

it can be used continuously for 8 hr., is a time saver 

THE ERECTION OF A PLANT in Delaware, Ohio, for and especially desirable on roofing work. It can be 

the manufacture of plumbers' brass goods is being conveniently carried on job, as it weighs but 2 lb. and 

planned by interests associated with the Atlas Brass is only 16 in. long. 

Co., Cleveland. The new company will be incorpo It is designed for both light and heavy work and 

rated with a capital stock of $125,000 and will be copper tips are interchangeable for this purpose. By

SEPTEMBEH 17, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUM 

leaving the tifj off the tool is converted into a blow 

torch, which has a pointed flame thereby concentrating 

the heat at the spot desired. 

When the tool is used as soldering torch, the flame 

is concentrated at the point. This is accomplished by 

the special outlet construction. Control of the flame 

and gas mixture is by means of an accurately seated 

needle valve. Gasoline is contained in the handle. 

which is a hollow brass tube, containing also small 

air pump to furnish pressure to force "gas" through 

wicking into pre-heating chamber where it is vaporized 

preparatory to its ignition. 

Simplicity of construction, ease of operation and 

continuity of service are the appeals made to practical 

men. Further particulars ma}-" be had by addressing 

Belfry & Craighead. 


THE JUNGERS STOVE & RANGE Co., Grafton, Wis., 

has plans for a three-story addition, 61 x 165 ft., of 

brick and concrete, with steel sash, to be used as a 

machine and assembling shop, warehouse, shipping 

room, etc. The investment in building and equipment 

will be about $65,000. 

THE KEELEY STOVE Co., Columbia. Pa., manufacturer 

of stoves, lieaters, ranges, etc., has increased its 

capital from $300,000 to $750,000. It is planning for 

the erection of a four-story and basement addition 

on North Second Street. 

THE PHILADELPHIA GAS RANGE Co., Thirteenth 

and Arch Street, Philadelphia, manufacturer of heating 

equipment, etc., has increased its capital from 

$50,000 to $100,000. 

THE COPPER CLAD STEEL CO., Arrott Building, 

Pittsburgh, Pa., is planning for an increase in its 

capital stock from $400,000 to $600,000. 

THE E. W. STEINHART CO., Eleventh Street, Indianapolis, 

Ind., has completed plans for a five-story 

automobile service and repair building, llOx 125 ft., 

on North Meridan Street, to cost about $400,000. 

RECENTLY SALES REPRESENTATIVES in the sash 

division of the Truscon Steel Co., Youngstown, Ohio, 

held their annual convention at the home office. Sessions 

were conducted at the company offices, with 

Gustave Kahn, general manager of sales, and George 

F. Bateson, manager of sash sales, in charge. 

THE GLOBE METAL PRODUCTS CORPORATION, Sheboygan, 

Wis., on September 1 placed in operation its 

new gray iron shop, 120x210 ft., erected and 

equipped at a cost of approximately $175,000. The 

cupola has a capacity of 75 tons in 24 hr. and is 

equipped with Wilbrahan-Green blowers and Sullivan 

compressor. The company is an outgrowth of the 

Globe Foundry & Machine Co., now known as the 

Globe Co. It will make soil pipe a chief product, but 

also do a jobbing business in gray iron castings. The 

officers are: President, G. F. Honold; vice-president, 

Frank Diehl; secretary, C. A. Gagner; treasurer, G. 

A. DeWilde, Jr. The authorized capital stock is 

$250,000. 

ER AND STEAM FITTER 383 

EMPLOYEES OF THE YOUNGSTOWN SHEET & TUBE 

Co. and the Brier Hill Steel Co, both of Youngstown, 

Ohio, enjoyed their annual field day programs on 

Labor Day. Officials of both companies participated. 

Roy Welsh, assistant to the president in charge of 

Industrial Relations, directed the Sheet & Tube^company 

outing at Campbell Park, while J. F. King, assistant 

to Warren F. Perry, manager of Industrial 

Relations, was chairman of the Brier Hill company 

field day at the Brier Hill athletic park. Cash prizes 

donated by the companies were awarded winners in 

athletic events. 

Injustice to Two Zinc Men 

Through one of those unfortunate errors that none 

escape, an injustice was done to two men in the pres- 

( ntation of the paper prepared for the American Zinc 

Institute by Professor A. C. Terrili of the University 

of Kansas with the portrait and name of another 

leader in the zinc industry. It was wholly an error 

with the sole purpose of advancing the interests for 

which both men are laboring and apology is made to 

both. 

It is to be regretted that through the error Arthur 

I). Terrili, general manager of the Mineral Point 

Zinc Co., Depue, 111., has been placed in a false position. 

There is, however, some compensation that 

tlirougli the activities of Professor A. C. Terrili, attention 

was attracted to him and he has been appointed 

to the professorship of geology in a Chinese university 

and is soon to leave to take up the work. 

A Milestone in Evolution of the Closet 


whole we are justified in the belief that, like many 

other happenings of business life, it will prove a blessing 

in disguise. In a few short years the move will 

prove its worth. There are still some few men in the 

business who will, where they can, cut a hole in a 

cast iron soil pipe, stick a piece of lead waste therein 

and then after slobbering a handful of Portland cement 

around it, have the effrontry to tell the customer 

it is a first-class job. There are still some men in that 

category. Happily for the trade and the public, they 

are getting fewer all the time. In a few short years 

the man who will set a closet in putty will be in 

the same class with the Portland cement joint 

wiper. This is as it should be, always onward 

and upward for betterments in plumbing installation. 

That is the irresistible trend of the time. We could 

not stop it if we would and should not stop it if we 

could. 

That the plumbing craft is met with the arbitrary 

stand of the potters—"We will make no more longhorn 

outlet closets whether you want them or not"— 

simply accelerates the improvement, which would come 

anyhow because it is a move in the right direction. It 

it bowling us over in sudden bewilderment but all our 

o-ood plumbers who now are stirred to antagonism will 

in a short time, realize the right of the movement and 

will hasten the good work because they are naturally 

progressive.

381 M E T A L W O R K E R , PLUMBER AXD STE A M F I T T E R SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 



Black und Galvanized Sheets—Box cars scarce, delivery delayed. 

Softer. 

Tin Plate—Production expanding. 

Tin—Dull and soft. 

SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 M E T A L WORKER, PI, I' M B E R A X 1) S T E A M F I T T E R 385 

Cast iron wheels 43.00 to 44.00 

Steel car axles 42.00 to 43.03 



Sheet bar ends (at origin) 31.50 to 32.00 






No.l railroad wrought 33.00 to '34.00 

Old Metal's, New York.— Prices are unchanged. The 

same quietness prevails, all metals apparently feeling the 

effect of the holiday week. Dealers' buying prices are as 

follows: 

Cents 

Copper, heavy and crucible 

per lb. 

15.25 

Copper, heavy and wires 14.25 



Brass, ligbt 7.00 





Lead, tea -. 5.00 

Zinc 5.25 

Old Metals, Chicago.— All markets are dull with further 

concessions in tin, lead and zinc and the buyers holding 

off. 








Lead pipe - 6.00 

Tea lead 5.00 


Block tin uipe 32.50 

Zinc " 4.00 


Old Metals, Boston.— Prices show a slowly downward 

tendency with the demand decidedly uncertain and the outlook 

for still further decreases. While prices remain practically 

the same as a week ago, the falling off in demand is 

expected to show decreased prices soon. Dealers are nominally 

paying as follows: 





Comp. turnings No. 1 12.50 to 1300 

Heavy Brass 8.50 to 9.00 


Zinc 5.00 to 5.50 

Pewter No. 1 34.00 to 36.00 

Clean east aluminum 22.00 to 22.50 



Old Rubber.— Dullness still pervades the old rubber 

market. Prices are but slightly changed. Wholesale dealers' 

buying quotations are: 

Boots and shoes 5J_ to 6 

Trimmed Arctics -i'/i to 4J4 

Auto tires 2 to 214 

Bicycle tires 1 to l_j 

Solid tires IJ. to 2J_ 


Mixed white scrap 4 to 4^_ 

Mixed Red scrap 3>_ to 4 

Mixed black scrap 1J_ to 2 

Coton fire hose VA to l'A 


Old Rags.—Old rags are moving more briskly although 

a waiting position is still apparent. Prices are practically 

unchanged, although better prices are anticipated when 

more active mill buying begins. Wholesale dealers' prices 

are: ' N 

No. 1 whites $12.00 to $12.50 

No. 2 whites 5.50 to 6.00 





Paper Stock.—The paper stock market continues fairly 

active, with prices firm. Wholesale dealers' buying quotations 

for New York are: 





Black and Galvanized Sheets.—Scarcity of the lighter 

gages of sheets in most clemand continues to be a feature in 

this market. In the iiroducing centers a tendency toward 

lower prices is noted, but the scarcity of box cars, which 

are heing sent West to carry grain,'causes another complication 

in the railroad, which have been better for a while 

back. 

Tin Plate.— The clemand for bright plates having been 

well satisfied gives mills opportunity for producing more 

roofing plates in which there continues some interest as the 

price of other roofing materials show increased cost and 

without the value of terne plates for the purpose. 

Copper.—While the strength that has been developing 

for copper metal has not yet been reflected in rolling mill 

or other products, the market is strong. 

Tin.—The irregularities that have characterized the pig 

tin market continue and the metal has shown some reduction 

in price. 

Lead.— The disposition noted of shading the market has 

been confirmed antl quotations show a reduction of %c per 

pound. 

Zinc.— The feature of the market is the first substantial 

arrival of foreign zinc at this port and was quickly absorbed 

without having any appreciable effect upon the home market 

as the prices are so low as to be unprofitable. 

Antimony.—Confidence in an up-turn of the market because 

of a good demand is noted in this metal. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh.— The past fortnight has been 

marked by a considerable expansion in sheet mill operations 

and better delivery incident to this improvement, as well as 

the less urgent demand from the automobile industry, has 

resulted in somewhat less pressure for early tonnages. All 

makers are one to four months behind in their monthly 

quotas, but the maintenance of present steel supplies and 

operating conditions would mean considerably less of a 

carry-over from this year into 1921 than was estimated a 

short time ago. In so'me finishes, manufacturers are likely 

to complete present obligations before the end of the year. 

Makers are having some trouble in selling the heavier grades 

of blue annealed sheets for early delivery at higher than 

5.50c base. Mill operations are estimated at higher than 80 

per cent capacity. 

Tin Plate, Pittsburgh.— The market has taken on a 

somewhat quieter appearance due to the fact that the packing 

of perishable foods for this season largely is over and 

the demand for tin plate for this purpose consequently has 

tapered. This development makes possible the giving of 

more attention by manufacturers to the demands from other 

sources These requirements are large, for they have been 

sidetracked to a considerable extent, for perishable container 

needs, and the last quarter of the year ordinarily is a 

quiet one in the tin plate mills. This year promises to be 

an active period in the making up and shipping of general 

line tin plate. Decline in the automobile demand has resulted 

in a somewhat easier situation in long ternes, one ot 

the big uses of which is in the manufacture of automobile 

gasoline tanks. Better supplies of steel and improved railroad 

transportation conditions are reflected in increased null 

operations. Prices do not change much, hut the American 

Sheet & Tin Plate Co. probably will complete its present 

obligation earlier in 1921 than was expected a short time 

ago and this would make the company more of a factor in 

prices in first half tonnages than it otherwise would be. 


Dinseed Oil—The linseed oil market continues quiet, 

purchases being confined to small lots. Prices are practically 

unchanged. In lots of 5 bbl. and over, city raw American 

seed is quoted at .$1.25 and out-of-town raw American 

seed is quoted at $1.25. In lots of less than 5 bbl., 3c more 

per gallon is asked. Boiled oil brings 2c more per gallon 

than raw oil.


The Burt line comprises a suflicient 

variety of ventilator 

types to meet successfully the 

requirements on buildings of 

every description. 

As a Burt representative, your 

field is not limited to mills, 

shops, factories, and public 

buildings. Schools, theatres, 

stores, churches and the better 

class of residences all need efticient 

ventilation. 

Our 128-page catalog i s 

mailed on application. Write 

for it today. It is worth money 

to vou. 

BURTS 

for Every 

Requirement 

BURT SQUARE VENTILATOR 

This type of Ventilator has been designed to meet the requirements 

of your customers who prefer a Square Ventilator. 

This ventilator has at least 25 per cent greater area 

than a round ventilator of the same size. • Can be equipped 

with patented sliding sleeve damper or common flat 

clamper. This ventilator is furnished with glass top when 

desired, and when thus equipped becomes a combination 

skylight and ventilator. 


300 Main Street, Akron, Ohio, U. S. 

Geo. W. Reed & Co., Montreal 

Sole Manufacturers of "Burt" Ventilators for Canada 

Please quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER V.

SEPTEMBER 17, 1930 M E T A L W O R K E R , P L U M B E R 

Spirits of Turpentine.— There is .little demand in the 

spirits of turpentine market. In machine barrels in yard, 

wholesale price is $1.50 per gallon. 

Rosin.— The rosin market is inactive. Prices are slightly 

increased. On the basis of 280 lb. to the barrel, the wholesale 

price of eornmon-to-good strained is .$14.00. Grade D 

is $14.00. 

Iron and Steel Pipe.—No special change is noted, 

either in prices or in general conditions. The National Tube 

Co. is operating practically all of its plants in full, but is 

piling more of its production than it is shipping. Independents 

in the Pittsburgh district and in Youngstown are 

making a fairly good showing, both as regards mill operations 

and shipments, but all are still far behind their orders 

and jobbers are exerting a good deal of pressure for shipments. 

A new composite oil country pipe card, patterned 

after that of the National Tube Co.,'has been issued by the 

independent companies. 

Foundry Coke.—So irregular are the car placements 

in the Connellsville region that the beehive oven coke market 

is extremely erratic, and price tendencies rarely are in 

the same direction for as long a period as 24 hours. Operators 

even this week regard $17.50 as a minimum price on 

standard furnace fuel, and are inclined to believe that so 

long as coal can be sold at $9 and $10 per ton, at mines, 

the likelihood is slight of a sharp break in prices. The 

recent adjustment of eoal mine and coke oven lagor wages 

made by the H. C. Frick Coke Co. and followed by other 

companies in the Connellsville district, it is figured, will 

add from 40c to 50c per ton to the cost of making coke. 

Few producers yet are shipping 100 per cent against contracts 

and, between the attempt to catch up with the obligations 

and the spot demands from outside points, accumulations 

in the region are small. Spot foundry coke are quotable 

from $17.50 to $18 generally, but selected 72-hr. fuel is 

not plentiful under $18.50. The contract market is at a 

standstill. First half of 1921 requirements are not being 

much considered, pending the more settled market in pig 

iron. 

Ryerson Machinery Quarterly 

The first issue of the Machinery Quarterly, a new 

addition to the lately inaugurated Ryerson Steel-Serviee 

Book, has just come from the press and is called 

to the attention of machinery users, so that they may 

become more familiar with the extent of the line handled 

by Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, Chicago, 111. 

It is a convenient, condensed method of presenting 

descriptive matter and gives a representative line of 

equipment, including one or more machines or tools of 

each of the various classes, with a brief description 

and specifications. The purpose of the quarterly is 

given in the introduction and it points out "that the 

line has grown so greatly and embraces such a varied 

range of equipment that a catalog would be extremely 

large and would contain a number of special machines 

for which the average buyer would hnve no room in 

his shop. 

Service is the aim of the company and it has 5 large 

plants, pictures of which are shown, and 11 branch 

offices in principal cities. 

An index is given and the following machinery is 

shown and described, engine lathes, heavy-duty 

planers, crank shapers, radial, sliding and stationary 

head drills, milling machines, grinding machines, 

power hammers, friction, band and power hack saws. 

Other machines shown are: inclinable power presses, 

hand bending breaks, power punch and shears, alligator, 

slitting, squaring, serpentine shears, bending 

rolls, tube and pipe-cutting machines, wire nail machines, 

welding outfits, portable electric drills, hand 

punches, angle shears, power and chain hoists, bar 

benders and flue expanders. 

Then so the buyer will not forget where all these 

machines and tools can be had, the branch office adi 

,„.. „~A tolenhone numbers are given. 

A N D STEAM FITTER 387 

FROST-PROOF 

CLOSETS 









yard. 










Wilmington 

Delaware 

Terne Plates 

Have been scarce but not 

with us. We are prepared to 

quote for shipment from stock 

or later delivery on all grades 

from 8 pound to 40 pound 

coating. Submit to us your 

specifications. 

N. &G. TAYLOR CO. 

300 CHESTNUT STREET 

Philadelphia, Pa.

38b 










SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 



As there are many consumers whose requirements are not sufficiently heavj 





ALUMINUM- 



100-lb. lots—37 to 39c 

ANTIMONY— 

Chinese and Japanese, per Ib. 

_~ .„ 9c to 10c 

BRASS, ROLL AND SHEET- 

£.f_„E rice Nominal 

BISMUTH— 

Per lb $4.00 to $4 50 

CONDUCTORS- 

Corrugated- 




Copper 10% 


Galvanized 20c_> 

Spiral Riveted— '" 




Conductor.) 

CONDUCTORS, STRAINERS- 


COPPER— 

Lake ingot 21-215_c 


Casting .191/ _;;0c 

COPPER SHEETS 


lb., 29Hc mill. 

H 

5 in 4.25 4.05 3.00 ROSIN— 

5_j in 4.90 4.50 3.50 Common to good strained (whole 

6 in 5.05 4.75 4.00 sale). 2X1 lbs.. per bbl $14.00 

7 in 6.50 7.50 SHEETS— 




Cents per lb. 

Plain Round and Corrugated- No. 10, per Ib 6.50-8.10 

All sizes up to 6 in 

Square— 

5C% No. 

Xo. 

12, per lb 

14, per lb 

6.55-8.15 

6.60-8.20 


Copper- 

No. Black— One Pass. C. R. 

All sizes Net List No. 22 to 24, per lb Soft 8.85-10.85 Steel 

Furnace Pipe and Fittings- 

No. 18 26, to 

per lb 8.90-10.90 

20, per lb 8.80-10.8O 

Standard list.-Prices on application No. 27, per lb 8.95-10.95 

LEAD— 

No. 28, per lb 9.00-11.00 

American Pig. per lb. ..10c to lie No. 29, per lb 9.05-11.05 

Bar. per lb 11'._ to 12c No. 30, per lb 9.25-11.25 

METAL LATH— 


10c higher 




20 gauge 11.60 

Leads— 

22 and 24 gauge 11.70 

Lead, American White, in Oil, 

26 gauge 11.80 

kegs less than 500 lbs., 15"/3c 

28 gauge 12.00 


Galvanized— 

pails; add to keg price %c 

Cents per lb. 


Nos. 12 and 14 9.10-11.10 

lbs., 15c 

No. 16 9.25-11.25 

Dry Colors- 

Nos. 18 and 20 9.40-11.40 


Nos. 22 and 24 9.25-11.55 

Per 100 lbs., 2y2 to 5c 

No. 26 9.70-11.70 


No. 27 9.85-11.85 

48 in. Brown, per ton $32.00 to $36.00 

No. 28 10.00-12.00 

to Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 

No. 30 10.50-13.00 

From stock 31c to 33c in 100 lb. 96. lots in. Oils- 


and over. 

sq. ft. Linseed City Raw $1.25 

20c higher 

For less than 100-lb. lots, 2c per 7c Ib Linseed, Boiled, advance, per 


advance. 

6c gal 2c 

2!_ in. corrugations, 30 per 100 lbs. 

Colled Rolled, 2c 14 and heavier 9c Out of Town American Seed 


per lb. advance over hot rolled more at $1.25 


Polished— 48 jn. 24 oz. Spirits Turpentine- 


long 

in Machine Bbl $1.50 

2J_-in. Corrugation 

and Over PUTTY— 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

less 96.in. Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c 

No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

sq. ft. sq. ft. In 1-lb to 5-lb. tins, 6.00 to 7.35c 

No. 26, per 100 sq. ft. 


No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 




F. O. B. cars. Quarry Station. 

Planished, l;_c per sq. ft White Japan or Electro plate and 

Per Square 



According 

Bottom, Pitts and Flats, 





Tinning— 96 jn. 

larger 40% 

No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9 00 

long 


Pen Argyl 7.75 t0 

and 

825 



less 



„ . sq. ft. 


Vermont- 

20 in. wide and under 5c 


No- 1 Sea Green $5.00 to $8.50 

Over 20 in. to 48 in. wide 6c 




or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain K 

, 22.00 



Maine— 


Brownsville, Unfading Black 



CoPPer HAYNES SELLING .' w% ROOFING COMPANY 

c, 

MATERIAL— 


Lan ,,r Slip Joint, 20'i from double 

$102.00 

licit. 


CHARCOAL Heating STOVE Specialists PIPE 


ELBOWS— 


. . No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 


* ,">: $4.00 $3.90$ 2.75 


*'7i 

Modulated 

m 

and 

4.10 

Vacuum 

3.95 

Heating 

2.85 

Systems 


Adapted for all Types 

Open 

of 

per 

Buildings 

lb 15c 

No - 1 ••• $14.00 

Slaters felt, 30-lb roll .00 

SOLDER- 4 °- Ibr0 " 2 ' 25 


private brands very according tocomposition. 


Yaeger's Salts; 


5-lb cans, each $3.00 


Gallon $1.25 



Callahan's Non-Corrosive, ' per 

gal $1.75 


Per lb. in 300-lb. lots SOc 


per lb. 


4c per lb. 


2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 

Copper $2.80 $3.75 $5.75 $9.00 dz. 

Galv 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 dz. 



Straits, in bars, per lb. ..55c to 58c 


Cliarcoal Plates—Bright— 



IC, 14 x 20 $16.50 

IX, 14 x 20 18.75 

IXX, 14 x 20 20.50 

IXXX, 14 x 20 22.25 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 


IC, 14x20 $14.25 

IX, 14 x 20 16.25 

IXX, 14 x 20 18.00 

IXXX, 14 x 20 19.75 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 21.50 



80-lb $11.80 

90-Ib 11.90 

100-lb 12.00 

IC 12.25 

IX 13.25 

IXX 14.25 

IXXX 15.25 

IXXXX 16.25 

Terne Plate- 

Small lu.s, 8-lb. Coating: 

100-lb., 14 x 20 $9.35 

IC. 14 x 20 9.50 

Refined ' '->< 

IX, 14 x 20 10.50 

8c 


squared: 



20-lb. Duplex Coating Gratings fa_ 12.25 


35-lb. "Pipeless Coating Furnaces" 14.25 

M. F. Grade 13.50 

-!0-lb. Strong Coating Construction 15.00 to 15.50 

r tec '; guaranteed 36c 

Nn ] WASTE Neat COTTON— Design 

- -.- - 3.V 

Per Durable lb. in 5-lb. Finishes bags 22c 


Western Proper Slabs Proportions Be 10-llc 

Sheets 

tween 

No. 

Hot 

9 base 

Air 

casks 

Outlet 

14J_e 

and Cold Air Return. 

Over 26 Years' Experience 

1711 Sansome Street - Philadelphia, Pa. 

Sizes Made 

22x24—16 24x27—18 

31x30—22 30x36—24 

35x35—26 36x36—28 

40x40—30 45x45—3* 

Please quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM FITTER V.:. 

THE BEST 

REGISTER CO. 

Makers of Everything m 

Regutert. 

Milwaukee, Wi».



FLORAL PARK, N. Y., SEPTEMBER 2i, 19_0 

lhe Magazine f OT 





Use County Fair to Boom Your Business 

The Heating, Plumbing and Sheet Metal Trades Can 

Each Make a Trade Building Exhibit, a Joint Enterprise, 

All Supporting It — All iProfiting from It 

T H E season is at hand for the pumpkin 

shows and "hoss" trots and everybody 

goes. Why not give them one in the 

eye that will fill their hearts full of gladness? 

All the manufacturers would be 

interested in aiding by furnishing printed 

matter and the cost of a few signs would 

be insignificant when borne by the association, 

if there is one in the community, 

or divided among the tradesmen united for 

the purpose of making an exhibit in each of the different 

fields in which he is particularly interested. 

There would be no trouble about getting the outfit 

to show a farm water supply 

equipment for the 

bath room, the laundry 

and the kitchen and one 

that would run a generator 

to put electricity in a 

storage battery to light 

the whole building when 

the sun goes down. There 

might be more trouble in 

getting the gang to unite 

in closing. A pipeless 

furnace or a pipe job, for 

that matter, could be displayed 

without any difficulty, 

showing the multitude 

what the market affords 

in this line. 

It would be just as easy 

to show one of the boiler 

jobs with all the radiators 

on the same floor 

level exactly as it would 

be installed in a bungalow 

cottage home. If 

eaves troughs and down spouts and a sample 

of metal shingle roofing, tin roofing, 

corrugated roofing and siding, metal and 

that sort of thing were arranged in attractive 

educational display it would not be 

very much trouble to start the sightseer 

asking a lot of questions to enable him to 

take home information that brings in the 

shekels later on. 

Where there was a "hoss" trot, there 

would be no trouble about getting a lot of tin pipes 

and other things on a wagon and starting the horse 

against another wagon loaded with a bath tub, water 

closet and plumbing goods 

and still another wagon 

with some kind of heating 

apparatus. If that array 

of talent scored down for 

the word before the 

grandstand it would spell 

approbation in an outburst. 

Some other kind 

of noise that would attract 

attention, a proper 

streamer or two to tell 

the people that they had 

better drop around to the 

main tent and see what 

was going on there which 

they could remember with 

advantage all , the year 

would proclaim every 

starter a winner. If 

•You are 100 vears behind the times if you try to warm 

vour home with open Ares." Would such a float as 

shown above with above on a banner attract attention 

coming clown the track? 

SUGGESTION FOR FLOAT AT COUNTY FAIR 

these floats did not show 

actual speed in covering 

ground, they would show 

some of the speed of the 

enterprise of the trades-

390 METAI, WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 24, 1920- 

men in the territory and might bring some fellow in 

from the farm to buy something that he otherwise 

would overlook. 

Certainly if at the different exhibits the names of 

all of the contractors in the different fields participating 

in the display were given it would enable a fellow 

to select his favorite and do business a little later 

on. There is a fine chance to show different kinds 

of bath room fixtures and heating apparatus. 

It is hardly necessary to make any further suggestions 

to the tradesman in any popular center about 

using the countrv fair to build business. If any further 

advice on the matter might be desired, it maj', 

undoubtedly, be obtained through the bulletins of the 

National Trade Extension Bureau. The country fair 

also offers opportunity to secure the addresses of 

those who call and look over the goods with the idea 

Would this lloat score a dead heat with the other shown 

in attracting attention? 

ANOTHER SUGGESTION FOR FLOAT AT COUNTY FAIR 

of making a visit to their homes later on to give them 

better and fuller information and see to it the exhibits 

increase the trade in the field to more than repay the 

time and energy expended. 

It is only necessarv for four or five, or eight or ten 

men in any one of the different fields to get together 

and discuss the matter to secure all the suggestions as 

to what to do and how to do it to insure, for the smallest 

outlay of money and energy, a show that would 

receive almost as much attention as the pie and cake 

display. 

There is one thought which should be continually 

kept in mind. It is a mistake to let any large assembly 

of people gather anywhere without tradesmen utilizing 

the opportunity to display the things which a 

large number will be interested in and manv will need 

for the comfort of their health and tlieir home. 

If there is a combination float made up to go circulating 

around the fair grounds and around the town 

wliile the exhibit is on at the fair, it will bring many 

visitors to the exhibit that might otherwise overlook it. 

A good float with a good sign and used judiciously at 

the busy time facilitate some extra action. 

Now why not arrange for this joint exhibit and let 

the trade throughout the countrv get busy on the 

county fair demonstration of the things which the 

trade can supply to make homes happier, home labor 

lighter and home comforts greater? It points to 

WE RflfTH THAT LEADS 


Credits and Collections 

BY G. A. FROMM* 

Editor's Note—This article contains some very 

logical arguments based upon intimate knowledge of 

the field. It is timely. Plumbers and fitters can and 

should strive to use more modern methods in their 

businesses. The bankers, manufacturers and jobbers 

all stand ready to co-operate with the plumber or 

fitter in progressive effort of this nature. Time spen 

by every plumber or fitter in careful consideration of 

the thoughts expressed in this article and their appli 

cation to an analysis of his business can but result in 

a saving to entire industry and more security for all. 

Co-operate with your banker, manufacturer and jobber 

in these unusual times and let them help you make 

an analysis of your business. 

THE degree of success of the members of this association 

depends, in a very large measure upon 

the success of their individual customers, and perhaps, 

as never before, the question of credit will, in 

these strenuous and unusual times, determine success 

or failure to many business enterprises. 

In perhaps no other line is the extension of credit 

so great or liberal when compared with the amount of 

working capital of our customers, for very often it 

is found that a plumber or fitter having a working 

capital of $1,000, can secure a total combined credit 

of ten or more times that amount, which means that 

supply houses and manufacturers have so much more 

invested in his business than he has himself. 

If it were not for the fact that this method of doing 

business has been carried on for years, and with fair 

success, we would probablv say, "It can't be done." 

I wonder how many of us would be willing as individuals 

to invest $500 or $1,000 in the average 

plumber's business, especially if we knew that many 

others had made a similar investment, and the combined 

amount was far in excess of his own investment. 

and he, as manager, was absolutely free to do as he 

liked, and if he so chose, could settle accounts or make 

distribution of returns just as he might choose, equal 

portions to all or all to one and none to others if he 

were so inclined? This is good food for thought for 

there is a great deal of this being done right along. 

The present financial conditions call for the best 

possible credit administration. 

While I am far from being a pessimist, I, however, 

feel that, due to the many unusual conditions existing 

to-day, the credit and collection manager will have 

to be alert, conservative, constructive and diplomatic 

as never before, in order to properly guide the affairs 

of his own concern as well as of the trade. 

For, as our products are used almost entirely in 

new and old building construction, our customers will 

naturally be affected by the shutting off of loans to 

builders, contractors and individuals. We have not 

as yet been seriously affected by this, although this 

has been in force for some time, but I believe that its 

effect will be very pronounced in the coming months, 

as many of the jobs are nearing completion, and the 

loans that were expected will not be realized, therefore, 

resulting in our customer's payments being held 

up, as he is one of the last to finish and he will, there- 

•Member of Credit Commi'ttee of Eastern Supply Assn. 


SEPTEMBER 24, 1920 METAI. WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEA.M FITTER 391 

Unusual Problems in Setting Ventilators 

Suggested Methods of Setting a Roof Ventilator Over a Photograph 

er's Dark-Room Without Allowing Any Direct or Reflected Rays of 

Light to Enter — Letting Out the Air While Keeping Out the Light 

ASUBSCRIBER has appealed for help on a prob 

lem of setting a roof ventilator over a photographer's 

dark room in a manner to give adequate 

ventilation and at the same time prevent any direct 

or reflected rays of light coming down the ventilating 

duct. His letter outlining this problem and the replies 

of several manufacturers to which it has been 

submitted are given in the following: 

From Z. G., New England. I will appreciate it if 

some reader of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER can give me, through the Melting Pot of Business, 

some help on a little bit of work I have been 

called on to do. I have been asked to install an 18-in. 

ventilator on the roof of a building over a photographer's 

dark room. As I cannot have any light come 

in through this ventilator, I would like to know how 

many baffle plates I will have to put in the pipe and 

the style of the same. The pipe and the ventilator 

are to be painted black on the inside. 

From the A. M. Basman Co., Inc., manufacturer of 

ventilators, Detroit, Mich. I am enclosing a sketch 

showing a ventilating hood for a dark room. The hood 

is to be made of sheet metal with about 30 mesh black 

cheese cloth attached as shown, and spaced about 2V2 

or 3 in. apart, giving a space at the bottom and the 

top for free circulation of air. At A there should be 

a sheet of cloth with a coarse weave placed baggy so 

any dust which may accumulate can be shaken off. 

The writer recently installed a job similar to this and 

it has worked out most satisfactory to the photographer. 

From the Burt Manufacturing Co., Akron, Ohio. 

Referring to your letter of June 25, in which you have 

asked for information in regard to our experience on 

furnishing ventilators and the necessary apparatus for 

use in connection with dark rooms, we are pleased to 

give you the following: 

THREE METHODS OF ARRANGING VENTILATION 

This is a rather simple proposition when you know 

how to do the work and we therefore take pleasure in 

handing you herewith pencil sketch showing three different 

methods of applying ventilators to a dark room. 

Sketch No. 3, however, is the ideal proposition and is 

absolute in its action. You will note that sketch No. 3 

shows an 18-in. square box and baffle plates that 

slightly overlap, the ventilator going out at the top 

and one side and the air shaft going out from the 

lower part on the other side. 

This apparatus can be installed right on the roof, 

or if there is sufficient room under the roof, it can be 

installed and allow the ventilator and air shaft to 

run up through the roof. 

Sketch No. 1 shows a simple proposition of air shaft 

and ventilator with three or four baffles. We have 

sliown four on our sketch so as to make the proposition 

absolutely secure. 

Sketch No. 2 simply sliows a ventilator with the 

necessary air shaft at right angles. This air shaft 

can be made either square or round, as indicated in 

the pencil sketch and if the air shaft between the 

ventilator and the shaft that goes down into the dark 

room is sufficiently long, no baffles will be required. It 

should be painted black, however. 

We trust that your correspondent will understand 

these crude sketches and that our information may be 

of value both to you and your subscriber. If at any 

time we can be of service to you, we will be only too 

glad to give you the benefit of our long specialized 

experience. 

From F. 0. Schoedinger, manufacturer of ventilators, 

Columbus, Ohio. In reply to your letter of June 

25, concerning installing a ventilator over the dark 

No.l 

is 

5; 

THREE METHODS OF SETTING VENTILATOR AS RECOM 

MENDED BY THE BURT MANUFACTURING CO 

room of a photographv gallery, we are inclined to 

think that the use of louvres would be very detrimental 

to the efficiencv of these ventilators. 

We would rather advise an elbow at the bottom,

392 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 24, 1920 

shown in solid lines, in the accompanying sketch, but as to exclude the light, we have worked out this prob 

should this not prove satisfactory, the elbow could be lem satisfactorily on several occasions by offsetting 

completed, as per the dotted line in the sketch repro the up-take pipe. If this is done and the inside 

duced below. 

painted black vour correspondent will find that the 

Under any circumstances the ventilator and pipe 

should be painted black on the inside. 

The Kain & Aunger Co., manufacturer of the Si-Fo 

problem is solved. 

ventilator, Cleveland, Ohio. Your letter of June 25 

has been referred to me with its inquiry on ventilating 

Credits and Collections 

a dark room for a photographer. 

I am attaching herewith a sketch showing the arrangement 

I would suggest. I would recommend a 

12-in. Si-Fo ventilator with a capacity of 540 cu. ft. 

per minute. I would suggest starting it with an 18 x 

18-in duct, transforming this into a pipe 12 in. in 

diameter. By setting red glass in pieces 12 x 18 in. as 

indicated, I believe all daylight will be kept out. 

From Milwaukee Corrugating Co., Milwaukee, Wis. 

Referring to the inquiry from a subscriber which you 

have forwarded to us, the correspondent states that 

an 18-in. ventilator is required. In this connection we 

will say that an 18-in. Alpha ventilator which we manufacture 

and which appears as shown in the accompanying 

outline, will take care of a room 15x 15x 12 

ft. We would suggest that this ventilator be set as 

shown with a suspended pan beneath, the inside of 

which should be painted black. This will prevent any 

light entering by reflection. The pan may be sus 

AlP.nA verrf.ivror 

\ 

- '• • F 

/' " "Nf 

;; 

J ^^penaed Han 

lr..r.*Pa BlC.r. In,., 

Roof^ 

C; • mper i 

0 1 

r 

] Ceding ,' 

! 

Suggestion by Milwaukee 

Corrugating Co. 

pended either from the ventilator 

shaft or from the ceiling. 

This is a detail which 

will be governed largely by 

the room construction. 

We have indicated a damper 

to be placed in the ventilator 

shaft. This is equipped 

with a chain with which to 

open or close it as may be 

desired by the occupant. 

We are always glad to be 

of service to any sheet metal 

man in working with him in 

solving any ventilating problem 

and we are glad you 

submitted this problem to us. 

From Fenn Ventilator Co., 

Boston, Mass. Referring 

to the problem of setting 

a roof ventilator over a 

photographer's dark room so 

Suggested by F. O. Schoedinger Suggested by Kain A; Aunger Co. 


fore, try to shift this unlooked-for burden upon our 

shoulders. 

I have also found that much work has been done 

for individuals, so ealled, "Good as Gold," and while 

that may be true, still many of them are holding up 

payment because they are short of ready cash, they 

have stocks, bonds, etc., but on account of the market 

being way down, they will not at this time sacrifice 

in order to pay their bills. 

NECESSITY OF LEARNING MODERN BUSINESS METHODS 

No doubt, all credit men have been for a long time 

past endeavoring to educate their customers to the 

necessity of modern business methods, in stipulating 

proper arrangements for payments in all their contracts, 

etc., but it is surprising how difficult it is to 

get some of them out of the rut in which they have 

been for years. 

No doubt, the only remedy for such, who will not 

learn, is credit extinction, and if administered properly, 

it will undobutedly result in being a blessing in 

disguise for many. 

As the Trade Extension Bureau is arranging to 

have a number of traveling representatives, I believe 

they should be well trained in credit matters so as 

to present this important subject in the proper way 

in order to have the desired results both for the trade 

and the concerns who are backing up and financing 

this educational campaign to make better business 

men of our customers. 

It might also be desirable to enlist the services of 

credit men in various parts of the country to co-operate 

with these representatives when presenting the 

work of the T. E. B. at local and state conventions 

or meetings of the various plumbers' and steam fitters' 

organizations. For, without question, the plumber 

or steamfitter is now more in need of advice regarding 

credit and collection than at any previous time. 

W\\\ ^ A?0 

\ 

. \ \ \ \ 

V \ V \ \ 

// // / 

//III 

i / / i 

I 

/ / i / 

/ I ' / i 

I / i/i 

i I 

Suggested by A. M. Basman Co., Inc. 

-i a 

THREE METHODS OF SETTING A ROOF VENTILATOR OVER A PHOTOGRAPHER'S DARK ROOM SO AS TO EXCLUDE ALL LIGHT 

L-A

SEPTEMBER 24, 1920 JI E T A L WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM F I T T E R 

How to Apply Corrugated Zinc Roofin 

Two "Service Sheets" Issued for General Free Distribution by American 

Zinc Institute. Detailing Methods of Using Corrugated Zinc Sheets as 

Roofing, Including Hips. Valleys. Monitors, Gutters, Flashings and the Like 

T W O "Service Sheets" giving details of how to apply 

corrugated zinc sheets as roofing, siding and 

in co-related work have just been published for 

general distribution by the Ameriean Zinc Institute, 

27 Cedar Street, New York City. The fronts of these 

"Service Sheets" give details of the installation of the 

application of this material, as may be judged by the 

reproduction in miniature of one of these particular 

"Sheets" as shown in the accompanying illustration. 

On the back of each sheet are standard specifications, 

with estimating data and other information. 

The value of these "Sheets" to the sheet metal 

contractor, who is anxious to be posted on all phases 

BOOR -COBEUGATED ZINC I 5E__X_E 

HIPS - WLLEY5 • M0NH0D51 

CUTTCBS-C-TLA-H-IC- 

I ^WT««-TUvroon, A, 

| \ I .*__• . -. f 

393 

Figure 2 gives a valley detail. These details show 

the "weep holes," also how the lining is held in place 

by screws run through slotted holes. Naturally these 

details give the measurements. The following "specification 

is lettered on the detail. "Valleys are lined 

with 13-gauge zinc, bent so as to form as a pocket as 

shown. Lining should be supported throughout its 

entire length to prevent ice and snow from sagging 

same. 

Figure 6 shows a stack run through zinc roofing 

and the method of flashing. The following instruction 

accompanies this illustration: "A square hole is cut 

in roofing to receive stack. Edge of hole should be 

cut at least 1 in. away from stack on all sides. A 

jacket composed of 13-gauge zinc, square at the bottom 

and round at the top, is then placed over hole. 

Bottom of jacket is cut to fit into roof corrugations 

and curled out 1 in. at the edge. This edge is then 

soldered to the roofing. Stack is then run through 

hole and the 13-gauge zinc hood is attached in the 

position shown." 

As illustrating the completeness of these "Service 

Sheets," a reference might be made to Figure 15 

which gives a detail of the guy wire fastening for a 

stack such as that'referred to in Figure 6. The illustrations 

show the method of attaching the flange and 

the instruction lettering; states that the "flange of 

angle is run through slotted hole in high part of corrugations. 

Slot to be * -j in. longer than the flange. 

Flashed with 13-gauge zinc." 

The foregoing indicates the character of the information 

given on one of these "Service Sheets." The 

extent of the information is indicated by the following: 

Figure 3 gives specifications and details of a sawtooth 

gutter at steel sash; Figure _, wood and steel 

sash details of monitor; Figure 7, gambrel roof details 

; Figure 8, gutter at parapet wall; Figure 9, leanto 

roof against a zinc wall; Figure 10, lean-to roof 

against brick wall; Figure 11, wall intersections, zinc 

at zinc and zinc at masonry; Figure 12, rake flashing, 

zinc wall; Figure 13, rake flashing, masonry wall; 

Figure 1_, gutter between sawtooth roofs. 

From the foregoing it will be seen that the 15 figure 

numbers on the one "Service Sheet" alone comprise 

a notable collection of information for any sheet metal 

mechanic. But there is a second "Service Sheet" in 

ILC(CL„W. 0 1' this group, with some 25 figure numbers, giving details 

of corrugated zinc roofing and siding on steel 

FACSIMILE OF "SERVICE SHEET" SHOWING HOW TO APPLY 

and wood framing. Many of these figures give sec 

CORRUGATED ZINC ROOFING AND SIDING 

tions, such as an eaves section, a gable and section, 

a section through ridge roll showing the expansion 

of his industry will be immediately apparent from the 

following reference to a few of the figure numbers on 

pocket and the like. 

Then, too, this particular sheet gives considerable 

the front of the sheets. 

general information, such as recommendations where 

For example, Figure 1 illustrates a hip detail, with 

and where not to use corrugated zinc roofing, purlin 

the following instructions: "Hips are finished with 

spacing and the like. On the back are found many 

13-gauge zinc, bent to form pocket as shown and 

secured to purlins with % x 1-in. galvanized iron clips. 

diagrammatic examples of purlin spacing which ir. Mv 

(Continued on Page 396) 

All pocket sizes given are minimnin."

394 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 24. 1920 


Third and Concluding Article in a Series Outlining Methods in 

this Comparatively New Branch of Sheet Metal Work —Welding 

L's, Side Seams, Vertical Seams, Lap, Butt Angle and T Welding 

By M. H. POTTER 

CONTINUED practice in welding is the only way 

to master tlie art. The exercises given here 

should be followed out closely by the beginner 

and care taken to adhere closely to the instructions. 

A few words regarding the welding torch and the 

WELDING L's OF 14-GAUGE METAL SHEETS 

The method of procedure in welding 14-gauge slieet 

metal L's is shown in Figure 1, 2 and 3. Set up the 

two 14-gauge plates on the fire bricks so as to form 

an L witli the corner up. Then start at each end, 

using the welding rod to fill. Then start welding at 

the left-hand end, using the welding wire to fill the 

corner. Fuse tlie edges thoroughly and form the usual 

puddle, manipulating the torch back and forth across 

the point. 

Add sufficient welding material to fill the joint and 

make the thickness in the corner slightly more than 

the thickness of the plate. Continue to weld, moving 

the torch to the right as fast as the puddle advances. 

Supply the adding material as uniformly as possible. 

See that the fusion penetrates and tliat a perfect 

weld is secured clear through. 

Avoid melting the welding wire witli tlie flame, but 

rather make tlie puddle melt the welding wire. 

Imperfect penetration is caused, as a rule, by rushing 

the work and not waiting until tlie puddle is 

formed and fusion has penetrated clear through. Imperfect 

welds containing lapped metal and cold shunts 

are caused by melting the welding rod with the torch 

flame. The puddle must always melt the welding 

rod and feed itself. Only by working in this way 

can the welder be sure that perfect fusion is being 

secured at all times. 

VERTICAL WELDING L'S OF 16-GAUGE 

As sliown in Figure 3 and 4, the metal is first 

welded as was the metal in the previous exercise. 

Start the weld at the bottom (Figure 4) and work 

upwards. Hold the torch handle horizontally and 

with the tip pointing upward at an angle of about 

50 deg. with the metal. Work the torch back and 

forth across the joint with a semi-circular motion. 

Care must be taken to prevent the puddle from 

becoming too large and sagging down. If tlie puddle 

tends to sag, whip the torch quickly across the weld, 

lifting it slightly so as to reduce the heat on the metal. 

SIDE SEAM BUTT WELDING 14-GAUGE SHEET METAL 

Place the two 14-gauge plates horizontally on the 

fire bricks and tack at each end; see figure 5. Then 

set the plates up edgewise (see Figure 6) on the fire 

_pJ) mmi bricks, supporting with a fire brick, as shown. 

Start the weld at the right end and work toward 

the left. Hold the torch handle horizontally and 

direct tlie flame as nearly as possible at the same 

® 

angle as when welding a vertical seam. 

Add the welding material the same as on a level 

seam. Care must be taken not to play the torch 

DETAILS OF THE WELDING TORCH 

flame more on one side than the other. The operator 

gas regulator should not be amiss, as the interested should learn to stand easily and hold the torch freely, 

welder will, of course, like to know something of and manipulate the torch in any position freely and 

their construction and how they function. 

without strain. 

LAP WELDING 14-GAUGE SHEET METAL 

Lay three 14-gauge steel plates on the fire bricks, 

as shown in Figure 7. The lower plates should be 

STRUCTURAL DETAILS OF THE REGULATOR 

parallel and l/8 in. apart. The upper plate should 

cover tiie opening equally each side. 

Tack the corners first at all four points. Start 

welding at the left using %-in. welding wire fc«-


METAL WORKER, PCUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 39.5 

adding material. Give the torch a zig-zag motion, 

and use the adding material sparingly. 

Heat the edge of the upper plate and the plate 

beneath as uniformly as possible. Manipulate the 

torch carefully to prevent overheating of the upper 

plate. Fuse a puddle at the corner and hold it there. 

Use the welding rod sparingly but uniformly. 

When the weld is finished turn the plates around 

and weld the opposite side in the same manner, working 

from left to right. Then turn the plates over and 

weld the butt the same as already explained, that is, 

start at the left and work toward the right. Fill the 

groove with added material but make sure that the 

edge and bottom are perfectly fused. 

VERTICAL SEAM LAP WELDING 12-GAUGE SHEET METAL 

The seam runs vertically instead of horizontally. 

See Figure 9 and 10. 

C_) c^HSEP 

Set the tacked plates up on one side. See Figure 

11. Hold tlie torch horizontallv with the tip at the 

same angle to the plates as when welding a level 

seam. Start welding at the left, using the welding 

rod. Give the torch a semi-circular motion. Heat the 

edge of the upper plate and the under plate as uniformly 

as possible. 

When the first weld is finished, turn the plate over 

and weld the second lap seam. Turn the plate around 

and weld the butt seam. See Figure 12. 

BUTT, ANGLE AND T WELDING 14-GAUGE STEEL 

A review of the preceding exercises. See Figure 

13. 

Butt weld two 14-gauge plates with adding material. 

Corner weld a 14-gauge plate to the butt welded 

plates, using adding material. 

PROCEDURE IN WELDING L S, SIDE SEAMS, VERTICAL SEAMS AND THE LIKE 

Lay tliree plates on the fire bricks and tack as previously 

directed. 

Stand the tacked plates vertically as shown in Figure 

9. Hold the torch handle horizontally and with 

the tip pointing slightly downward. Start the weld 

at the bottom and work upward, giving the torch a 

semi-circular movement. Fuse the metal in the corner 

formed by the plates and produce a puddle but be 

careful not to make the puddle too large. Weld the 

other vertical seam in the same manner, starting at 

the bottom and working toward the top. 

Turn the plates around and weld the butt seam, 

working from the top toward the bottom. Make 

certain that the plates are fused clear to the bottom 

of the joint. 

SIDE SEAM LAP WELDING 10-GAUGE METAL 

Lay three 10-gauge plates on the fire bricks and 

tack weld as heretofore directed. The bottom plates 

-lould be placed 1-16 in. apart. 

T weld a 14-gauge plate to the middle of the plate 

between the butt weld and the corner weld. 

Observe carefullv the directions previously given 

in regard to manipulating the torch, the use of the 

welding rod, tacking and the like. 

THE WELDING TORCH 

The average welding torch, such as used commercially, 

is a simple device, consisting of a handle, two 

needle valves, two tubes for the oxygen and acetylene, 

head and tip. The tubes are silver soldered in 

the head and fixed in the handle so as to give them 

stability and strength. The head is made with a 

conical seat and is threaded at the mouth for a nut 

which holds a tip with a conical head in position. The 

upper tube is connected to the oxygen supply tank, 

the lower tube being jointed to the acetylene tank. 

The interchangeable tip system is a great convenience, 

and enables the welder to secure many sizes 

of flames, from the smallest to the largest, there being 

as many as six different sizes available. The size

396 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 24, 1920 

of the flame is very important and should be proportional 

to the thickness of material to be welded. The 

size of the flame is naturally governed by the size 

of the tip used. 

The intimate mixing of the acetylene and oxygen 

gases is accomplished in the conical end of the tip, 

where it fits into the torch head. This part is identical 

in function with the carburetor of a gasoline 

engine. The diameter of the holes in the tip and the 

pressures of the respective gases determine the quality 

of the mixture. The diameter of the holes are 

grades and the tips are numbered to correspond. 

THE REGULATOR 

The purpose of the welding regulator is to furnish 

gas to the hose lines at reduced and unvarying pressures. 

The regulator is a precision instrument that 

requires careful handling. 

Gas enters the regulator from the cylinder or tank 

through the connection 15 and the nozzle 8. Pressure 

applied by means of the pressure adjusting 

key 1 is communicated to the front centerpiece 13 

and to the back centerpiece 5, in which the seat 7 is 

secured. Forcing the seat away from the nozzle permits 

the gas to fill the body of the regulator, whence 

it passes through a connection to the torch. 

When there is sufficient pressure, the force of the 

gas pressing against the diaphragm 14 equalizes that 

of the pressure spring 10 and allows the compensating 

spring 3 to force the back centerpiece and seat 

against the nozzle to prevent increase of pressure. 

Gas being drawn from the regulator, the pressure 

spring overcomes the pressure of gas against the diaphragm 

and repeats the above process. With proper 

spring adjustment and large diaphragm surface, these 

opposing forces are so nicely balanced as to cause 

the regulator to operate without any noticeable change 

in pressure. 

Virgins of Stamboul as White Wings 

A new occupation has been opened to wage-earning 

women of the Levant since the Armistice. 

All through Stamboul and other districts about 

Constantinople as well as on the Island of Proti, 

where the great refugee camp is located, and more than 

a thousand Russian exiles are being cared for by the 

American Red Cross, women have joined with a will 

in the campaign for cleaner streets and better sanitation. 

Human street cleaners are fast taking the place of 

the buzzards and stray cats and dogs who formerly 

fattened in the refuse piled high in the gutters. 

Women have volunteered in large numbers for this 

new occupation, which pays better than most unskilled 

labor eligible to them, and pays, too, in American 

money, for which the rate of exchange is highest 

overseas. . 

Aluminum in the Kitchen 

In a series of tests of aluminum cooking utensils to 

see how various foods affect them, Professor John 

Glaister of Glasgow University, has found that the 

only substances which attack aluminum surface are 

oranges, lemons, Brussels sprouts and tomatoes. But 

even in these cases the quantity of aluminum dissolved 

was so slight that it could have no effect whatever on 

the flavor of the food. 

How to Apply Corrugated Zinc Roofing 


particular feature comprise valuable information. The 

back of these "Sheets" also give something as to when 

zinc was first used and the extent to which it is used 

in European countries, .together with an outline ot 

some of the advantages of zinc for architectural sheet 

metal work. 

On the whole, these are two "Service Sheets" which 

should be in the reference library of every sheet metal 

man. They contain information which many a man 

would doubtless be willing to pay a fairly good price 

for once he has seen them, but the price should not 

prevent anyone from having these two "sheets," as 

they are free, and no reader of METAL WORKER, 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER need have any hesitation 

in sending his request to the American Zinc Institute, 

27 Cedar Street, New York City, for them. 

In explanation of this statement it might be stated 

that the American Zinc Institute is maintained by the 

producers of zinc as a central bureau for disseminating 

information on the uses of zinc, with a view to 

promoting a wider use of this metal. It will, therefore, 

be seen that the American Zinc Institute will 

actually welcome requests for these "Service Sheets" 

as bringing to it opportunities to make the uses of 

zinc better and more widely known. 

FORM AND PRODUCTION OF "SERVICE SHEETS" 

A word as to the form and production of "Service 

Sheets" in general may not be out of place. These 

are compiled and published by the Architectural Service 

Corporation. 140 North Sixth Street, Philadelphia, 

Pa., which organization has produced a score or more 

of these sheets for other manufacturers, quite a few 

of which are likewise of interest and value to the 

sheet metal man. For example, subscribers will remember 

reference was made in this journal several 

months ago to the "Service Sheets" on tin roofing 

compiled by the Architectural Service Corporation for 

the N. & G. Taylor Co., and those on the puttyless 

skylight for the Drouve Co. In fact, the tin roofing 

"Service Sheets" are being continuously offered to 

subscribers in one of the advertisements appearing 

in the issues of this journal. 

A list of all the "Service Sheets" which have been 

published on materials used by the sheet metal trade 

is not available at this writing but can be procured 

by any reader by addressing the Architectural Service 

Corporation at the address given. 

It might be added that "Service Sheets" are large 

sheets, I6V2 x 21% in., printed on tough paper. 

The fronts give the appearance of a product, its 

typical installations and all details of its construction 

or installation, or both, with necessary dimensions and 

tables. 

The backs of the sheets are printed from type embodying 

standard specifications and other data pertaining 

to the product detailed on front of sheet. 

Details are at a large scale for quick and easy 

reading, yet the sheets are of suitable size to go on 

the side of the draft board or table. "Service Sheets" 

have been highly commended by those who have obtained 

them, and for that reason it is to be hoped 

that readers will avail themselves of this opportunity 

to obtain these zinc sheets, particularly as they may be 

had for the asking.

SEPTEMBER 24, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM FITTER 397 

Facts About Warm-Air Furnace Efficiencv 

J 

Some Further Interesting Facts about the Comparative Heat- 

Carrying Capacity of Stacks, Also on the Way a Lot of Heat 

Is Lost by a Furnace—Proper Method of Rating Furnaces 

IN the September 10 issue of METAL WORKER, 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER there appeared a 

report on a portion of address by A. C. Willard, 

Professor of Heating and Ventilation, University of 

Illinois, Urbana, 111., at the last annual meeting of the 

National Association of Sheet Metal Contractors, in 

which he told of the work being done in furnace research 

at the Engineering Experiment Station. In 

that part of his address reported on he explained some 

of the points which go to make for a furnace efficiency 

in furnace design, basing his information on the results 

of the research work which, as is generally 

known, is being carried on by the University of Illinois 

under a co-operative aggreement with the National 

Warm Air Heating and Ventilating Association. 

In the following is given that part of his address 

which dealt with the proper method of rating a furnace, 

how and why a furnace loses heat and the relative 

heat-carrying capacity of leaders and stacks to 

the different floors. The continuation of this address 

from the September 10 issue follows: 

The second part of this investigation deals with the 

rating of furnaces. In order to be able to state, ior 

the benefit of the installer and purchaser, how many 

heat units that furnace will deliver in a certain building 

for heating purposes. 

DANGEROUS METHODS OF JUDGING FURNACE CAPACITY 

I am staying away from the expression, "how many 

cubic feet "of space it will heat," because that is one 

of the most dangerous terms for heating that has ever 

been used. It is apparently simple but its simplicity 

is its dangerous aspect, because the uneducated man, 

so far as an engineering education goes, does not appreciate 

the significance of the walls that enclose that 

space. If made of glass, they will give off an enormously 

greater amount of heat than if made of concrete 

or cork. Therefore, if you adopt that rating, 

you are liable to have great disappointment except in 

the hands of a very experienced installer. 

PROPER WAY TO RATE FURNACES 

You have to rate furnaces on the basis either of 

pounds or cubic feet of air heated by the furnace in 

going through it, not the space into which it is de 

livered; or better still, on something very simple to 

use, and that is square inches of leader pipe. 

If anybody can run tests on a furnace and get its 

efficiency, they can get all the information you will 

need to give you the number of cubic feet of air the 

furnace will heat, because he had to get that to get 

his efficiency. But I should say, better than that, you 

ought to be able to rate and use intelligently the square 

inches of leader pipe as a basis for rating work. 

Now we come to the crux of this whole rating question, 

the present basis of rating furnaces without some 

statement as to the bonnet temperature of the furnace, 

and this, in turn, ties up the draft question unless you 

say on what bonnet temperature you will rate a furnace. 

What have you said when you have rated the 

furnace in the way of space heated, which I object to, 

or in the way of pounds of air passed or square inches 

or leader pipe unless you fix the basis on which he 

ran the test? 

I do not know anything about the test until you 

tell me what your bonnet temperature or your register 

temperature was. 

I believe, if the iron will stand it, I can pull with a 

good chimney 60 ft. high, three or four times the rating 

out of the ordinary furnace that you ordinarily 

get to-day, by simply increasing the draft. To rate 

intelligently and wisely, you have got to state the 

bonnet temperature on which the ratings are based. 

Any other basis is going to leave you a loophole that 

you can drive a two-horse team through. 

You have got to give that and settle right away 

what the maximum draft will be. I think there are 

few places where you get a maximum draft much 

over 1-10 in. of water. That ties you down to a 

bonnet temperature ma}' reach, on the coldest days 

run much over 200 deg. I am in favor of admitting 

that a furnace should be allowed to run up until the 

bonnet temperature may reach, on the coldest days 

of the winter, as much as 200 or 220 deg. probably, 

at the bonnet. 

I know I am talking contrary to the opinions of 

some gentlemen in the room and in various other associations; 

but to be fair to the furnace—and I am 

interested in the furnace—if you try to tie it down 

and say that it shall not be rated at a temperature 

higher than 150 deg. in the coldest weather, you are 

going to put in a good deal bigger furnace than you 

are putting in to-day. I do believe you ought to maintain 

these temperatures around 150 or 180, but in the 

coldest weather, what difference does it make if a 

furnace goes up to 200 deg. at the bonnet? It should 

not be for very long, but if you do not do that, you 

have to put in "larger installations for the cold winter 

weather. 

QUESTION OF FLOOR LEVELS ABOVE FURNACE 

There is another factor that comes in here which I 

shall pass over quickly, and that is the floor levels 

above the furnace to which air is being sent, as it 

affects the rating. A furnace installed in a building 

where most of the heat is supplied to the second or 

third floor, can be rated much higher and has a greater 

air heating capacitv for heating the air going through

398 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM F I T T E RSEPTEMBER 24, 1920 

the furnace, than a furnace for heating a bungalow. 

But that is not nearly as important as this matter of 

the correct register temperature that should be allowed 

for. 

Now we come to this question of studying these 

results that we get from the tests for efficiency and 

capacity, in the light of improving the furnace. These 

suggestions, you must remember, are all based on results 

that are not yet complete. You have me in 

the position of a man with a house half up. We have 

not finished this work; we are right in the midst of 

it. but we are willing to give out such information 

as we feel is reasonably safe. We may have occasion 

to revise some of these things, but when we print anything 

we want to have it corroborated by a sufficient 

number of tests, so I shall say only the things I am 

going to suggest that may be employed to improve 

the economy of the ordinary furnace as we see it at 

the present time. 

The question has been asked us, "What are you 

going to do about the heat lost to the floor?" We 

have had a water pan an incli thick under this furnace 

where we could get the heat radiated to the 

floor. It may be advisable to raise the ashpit of the 

furnace an inch above the floor so that the air can get 

under it, or about */> or % in. of some insulating 

material on the floor below the furnace that will prevent 

this heat loss to the ground going on. 

At the present time 4 or 5 per cent of the heat 

of the coal going into the floor is a serious item, 

and something can be done there; just what, I do not 

want to say yet. A furnace set on a bed of ashes is 

not practical, but something that will act as a heat 

retardant below will help. 

In the pipeless furnace, remember that as the inner 

casing only comes down within 12 in. of the floor. 

you have a ground area that is receiving radiant heat 

from the firepot very much greater than in the pipe 

furnace and is losing a lot of heat to the ground. 

A test set up in the laboratory of the University 

showed that you cannot hold your hand on the under 

side of the pipe or pipeless furnace, and there is 6 in. 

of concrete beneath it. You are losing a lot of heat 

through tlie basement floor, and there is a possibility 

of a great saving of heat being made there. 

LOSS DUE TO PREHEATING AIR 

There is also another loss not generally appreciated 

and that is what I am going to call the preheating 

loss in the pipeless and the pipe furnace, the preheating 

of the air before it gets into the furnace 

proper. Every degree of heat you put into the air 

RADIANT HEAT BIGGEST LOSS 

coming into a pipeless furnace before it turns and 

starts up over the casting is a degree put in at the 

wrong place because you do not want it there, not a 

bit of it. You want to get the air from the floor of 

the house to the bottom of the furnace as cold as the 

These radiation losses are the biggest source of lost 

floor of the house and no colder, but you do not want 

heat at the present time and there should be em 

to put a bit of heat into that air until it turns and 

ployed in consideration of the new designs of the 

starts up over the furnace, because you want to get as 

warm-air furnaces every possible means to intercept 

great a possible weight of air through a furnace if 

this radiant heat that at present is getting away. 

you are going to get the greatest capacity out' of it. 

SUGGESTED CHANGES IN DESIGN 

If you are going to get the greatest efficiency, you 

want to get the greatest temperature difference be 

That can best be done by shields of some sort, shells 

tween the air going into the furnaee to be heated and 

or rings of cast iron that are placed about at the level 

the hot gases inside. Under those conditions you have 

of the firepot and 2 or 3 in. from the furnace casting. 

the most efficient furnace and the greatest capacity at 

I am very doubtful if the radiators in the ordinarv 

the same time. So much for the furnace. 

furnace—if the metal justifies jts location at that 

Now let us turn to the second part of my general 

point. I have not yet enough data to carry that any 

sub-division, which deals with the installation itself,. 

further. 

the leaders and the stacks, the registers and the re 

Most of the heat that gets away from you, in fact, 

circulating connection. In the case of the installation 

all of it comes from the coal in the firepot itself, con 

proper we have already obtained a lot of valuable data 

sequently you want your shields which are going to 

to the installer as regards his leader sizes, his methods 

intercept the radiant heat in the neighborhood of the 

of running leaders, the relation between stacks and 

hot mass of coal. It may be advisable to take the 

the leaders, and a little information, not very much 

radiator out and put a cast iron shield in there—just 

yet, but more is coming, on registers, and also some 

take the radiator off. That is going pretty far; it 

information on recirculating ducts and pipe furnaces, 

is only a suggestion. We are going to try this out for 

and we have considerable information on pipeless. 

our own information and just have a shield in the 

furnaces. 

furnace against which radiant heat will strike and increase 

the temperature of the air a few degrees more. EFFECT OF HEIGHT OF STACKS ON EFFICIENCY 

So I would say at the present time that is the most 

important line of attack that the designers of new 

equipment should give consideration to. 

But to start with the leader or leaders of the ordinary 

pipeless furnace, the height of the stack which 

a leader supplies whether it shall be a first floor stack 

CHECK HEAT LOSSES THROUGH BASEMENT FLOOR 

or a stack to a second or third floor, is fundamental 

in this rating, and the temperatures at the registers is 

the other fundamental factor in the leader. If you 

will give me a high temperature at the register, I can 

make a leader do almost anything, and I want to give 

you a few figures here to prove this point. These 

data are taken from test on this same pipe furnace 

job that I spoke of in this three-story house, the four 

leaders to the first floor, four to the second, and two 

to the third. Possibly the ordinary installation might 

do a little better than this, but not much. Here is what 

happens. 

FIRST FLOOR LEADERS GENERALLY TOO SMALL 

The first floor leaders, so far as we'can determine. 

have never been made anywhere near large enough. 

In the pipe job where there are leaders supplying 

also the second and third floors we do not begin to get

SEPTEMBER 24, 1920 METAL WORKER, PL U M BER AND STE A M F I T T E R 399 

anywhere near a large enough proportion of the air 

and heat on the first floor of the ordinary house. This 

plant at the Universitv proves this very conclusively, 

and I will show you what I mean by this. 

VELOCITY OF AIR TO FIRST FLOOR 

The velocity of the air from the first floor leader 

is about 118 ft. a minute, less than 2 ft. a second. 

Right beside them are 8-in. leaders going to the third 

floor, and the velocity in those first floor leaders should 

have been much less; the third floor leaders had a 

velocity of 162 ft. a minute, a difference of 127 per 

cent. It is a striking fact that tlie first floor leaders 

have nowhere near the air-carrying capacities that the 

third floor leaders have. So much for elevation. Let 

us take up another point. I am going to give you the 

data from two tests. 

One test was made with the register at 141 deg. 

and the other of 191 deg. The number of heat units 

carried by the first floor leaders per square inch was 

40. That same leader, when the register temperature 

had gone up to 191 deg. was carrying 134 B. t. u. 

per square inch of pipe. You have to state the register 

temperature before you can do any rating either 

on furnaces or leaders, because that is the whole story. 

In the case of the leaders to the second floor, the 

B. t. u. carrying capacitv was 89 as compared with 

50 for the first floor, and in the second test, it was 

168; in other words, what leader profited the most 

by this increase in temperature? The first floor did; 

the increase in heating capacity was 89 per cent. 

FLEXIBILITY OF FURNACE HEATING SYSTEM 

Is a furnace heating system flexible? There is not 

a heating system to-day that is more flexible than the 

warm-air furnace. You can increase the heating capacity 

of your heating plant 50 per cent by changing 

the temperature of the first floor leaders. 

Finally, remember that for the first floor it was 

50 B. t. u., for the. second floor 89, and for the third 

floor leaders the capacity per square inch was 122 

in the low temperature test. In the second test, 

where we jumped the temperature up 50 deg., the 

third floor leaders, 143 B. t. u. compared to 50 for 

the first floor and 243 B. t. u.'s for the third floor. 

You cannot rate on the basis of leaders; you have 

to say where they are going; you have to have both 

or you have not said anything that is definite. 

In all these cases, the heat available is figured as 

available above roof temperature of 70 deg., that this 

first floor leader puts into the room for every square 

inch of its area, 50 B. t. u. or every square inch of 

area down to 70 deg. We use that basis always when 

we are considering heat capacity. When we consider 

air-warming capacity, we always take our temperatures 

at 65 deg. You have to be prepared to take 

care of the air from 65 deg. as it goes through your 

furnace. So much for what I consider the most interesting 

to you of the work on leaders. 

TESTS ON STACKS 

Let us take up the test of stacks. We have put up, 

in addition to the pipe furnace or pipeless furnace, a 

one leader plant, where we can test the effect of size 

of stack on the heat-carrying capacity of leaders of 

various sizes, and the height of stack on the heatcarrying 

capacity, and I am going to give you a little 

data from that point. This deals with stacks and with 

a question that seems to always occupy furnacemen 

when they get together. There will be "in the testing 

plant a.s made up, a 10-ft., 10-in. leader running from 

the furnace to the vertical stack and turned up through 

a very perfect elbow into a round stack first, then a 

square stack of the same area, a rectangular stack of 

the same area and ratio, than a stack four to one; then 

we can replace that with a stack only 72l/2 per cent 

the area of the round stack and another 50 per cent 

of the area of the round stack, the round and the 

rectangular stack two to one and four to four, all 

have 100 per cent area. 

The heat loss between the bonnet of this little plant 

with a round stack of uncovered bright tin pipe, a 

single stack, is equal to 16.92 per cent; that is the 

loss between the bonnet and the register in that plant. 

Now take the same plant again, but replace the stack 

with a rectangular stack, two to one, and the loss in 

that case is almost identical. It so happened in this 

test that the result showed a little loss. We are trying 

to keep the same temperature difference with all 

these tests, but the temperature difference in the 

rectangular stack is a little higher than in the other 

test, and shows practically the same loss. 

Now we come to the most significant thing; the 

minute you change that stack to a four by one, but 

with the same area, that loss jumps up to over 20 

per cent. There is a rectangular stack, the same area 

as the round stack, and as the rectangular, two to one, 

that lost over 20 per cent of the heat out into the air 

as it comes into the furnace as it failed to get 20 per 

cent of the total heat put into that furnace into the 

room. 

Now let us go to the standard practice of putting 

in a stack with 70 per cent of the area of the leader. 

The heat loss in this case, when we cut the stack 

down so it was only 72 per cent of the area of the 

round leader, was only 17.85 per cent; it was almost 

as good as the first stack, which lost 16.92; 17.89 is 

about the same thing. It transmitted practically as 

much heat as the round stack. 

Here is where I made a very bum guess • I assume 

that we are going to find a whole lot difference in 

favor of the round stack and that it would be very 

much better. We were wrong; we were speculating 

without having anything to speculate on. Then we 

went on down to 50 per cent to see if that made any 

difference. Apparently if you got as much air with 

70 per cent what would you get with a 50 per cent 

stack? We changed the stack so it became 50 per 

cent of the round leader and loss went up to 40 per 

cent. 

EFFICIENT RELATION OF LEADERS TO STACK 

It looks as though we hit on a pretty nice relation 

between stacks and leaders when we get them so that 

the stack is not less than 70 per cent of the leader 

area. There is apparently not much gained by making 

it larger. But when you cut them down to 50 per 

cent of the area, you are cutting down your heatcarrying 

capacity. There is not much to be gained apparently 

by recommending that we run our stacks full 

size with the leaders. 

A lot of other interesting things concerning stacks 

might be stated, but that is possibly the most significant 

to discuss here at this meeting.

400 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 24, 1920 

The Next Step in Sanitation Work 

Suggestions on the Avoidance of Unnecessary 

Contact and Rigid Inspection of Sanitary Facilities 

BY C.-B. NASH. 

E V E R Y member of the society is so conversant 

with the remarkable development of sanitation 

within the last third of a century that we may 

well pass on and in place of giving time to a review, 

spend it to better advantage in making a forecast. 

To-day, no matter in which direction we turn we 

hear the oft-repeated statement that we are living 

in a new era, with new problems of great import to 

be solved, and the thought of the world seems to be 

directed almost entirely to the solution of these new 

problems. Meetings are held and conventions are 

called to attack some knotty question with characteristic 

American energy and resourcefulness. 

As it appears to one on the outside, you are in a 

happier position than some conventions or bodies. 

The great war interrupted, but did not upset your 

ideas and ideals and I presume that you are again in 

a position to discuss your problems and deliberate. 

to tlie end that the work of conserving public health 

may go forward with greater strides than ever before. 

Injecting my voice into your deliberations I choose 

to discuss "The Next Step in Sanitation." 

Sanitation is a word so often used in a general way 

and repeatedly misused that I specify its application 

to plumbing and sanitary engineering: 

1. Decrease of the necessity of common contact or of 

one person touching part of a fixture or device touched by 

other persons. 

2. Better care of plumbing and sanitary equipment. 

3. Extension of sanitary necessities, commonly referred 

to as conveniences. 

PERSONAL CONTACT SHOULD DE REDUCED TO MINIMUM 

I am strongly of tlie opinion that some day in the 

not far distant future we are going to interest ourselves 

in ways and means to avoid the necessity of so 

frequently touching or coming into bodily contact with 

articles used by large numbers of persons. 

I refer particularlv to the use of public or semipublic 

bath and toilet rooms and drinking fountains. 

A step of vital importance was taken when the public 

drinking cup was abolished from the railroads and 

other places, and the roller towel was caused to desert 

its old familiar haunts. I might mention the 

abolition of several other equally prolific disease conveyors, 

such as the common use of bar soap and combs 

and brushes in public places. 

Notwithstanding these noteworthy advances we 

have not achieved the ideal state and will not until 

we can, for example, enter, make use of and leave a 

public toilet without having to touch so many parts 

of it that have been touched by others just prior to 

ourselves. 

This point appeals deeply to students of sanitation 

and presents a serious problem. We are told that 

germs deposited by the touch of one person can 

*Paper read before meeting of American Society of Sanitary 

engineering, St. Louis, September 8, 1920. 

tAdvertising Manager. Standard Sanitary Manufacturing Co., 

Pittsburgh, Pa. 

quickly be picked up and carried by another. How 

much disease is transmitted by the process is impossible 

to estimate. Even though it be but little, the 

idea of so intimately coming into contact with what 

has been used promiscuously is not pleasant. 

I am not prepared to say how we shall avoid using 

the hands to open and close toilet room doors except 

where swinging doors can be used. There does not 

seem a jôssible method of operating faucets and 

wastes except by the development of pedal valves. 

Secret wastes should be abolished from all fixtures, so 

that water freshly drawn does not flow to bidden recesses, 

holding deposits from water previously used. 

No substitute has been found for closet seats. Therefore, 

let us have the open-front seat of material which 

can be hygienically disinfected. It does not appear 

logical that urinals should be flushed by valves which 

operate by hand. 

Tliese are some of the important points I have in 

mind. In another place I will refer to the important 

item of proper care and cleaning of fixtures in public 

places. It is very interesting to watch developments 

in the direction I have indicated, and I pass on with 

the feeling that I have touched but briefly on one of 

the most important phases of the next step in sanitation. 

SANITATION ALSO MEANS CLEANLINESS 

Much can be said of the second specification, entitled, 

"Better care of plumbing and sanitary equipment." 

I am not acquainted with plumbing regulations in 

all communities, but know that they have for their 

purpose the supervision of plumbing installations by 

competent inspectors to assure that the work is done 

in a sanitary and healthful manner and that the materials 

used contribute to the same purposes. 

If my understanding is correct, supervision ends at 

that point, except where it is continued under state 

factory inspection, state employees and other state departments 

possessing such powers. 

Experience and observation indicate that official 

inspection should be carried much further, to the end 

that plumbing, installed as it is for sanitary and health 

purposes, should carry out those purposes. 

In this country we pride ourselves in leading the 

world in sanitation. This we do beyond question, but 

the very common sight of dirty and neglected toilet 

and bath rooms in public and semi-public places gives 

rise to the question as to the extent we thoroughly 

appreciate sanitation. 

Neglected plumbing in buildings housing temporarily 

or permanently a number of persons is a serious 

health menace. The reasons are so obvious that 

they need not be detailed. 

In private homes we have occasionally seen evidence 

of neglect, but on the whole household plumbing 

is probably maintained in a healthful manner. In

SEPTEMBER24,1930 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER; 401 

any event, the plumbing in house serves a very limited 

number of persons as compared with hotels, restaurants, 

railway cars and similar places. 

Knowing as we do the dangers which lurk in the 

strongholds of neglected toilets and bath rooms, is 

there not some means of procuring better care of 

plumbing and sanitary equipment? 

If official inspection with powers sufficiently broad 

cannot be secured, then the next best instrument is a 

campaign of public education which would have a 

double purpose; to warn against the indiscriminate use 

of dirty toilets and bath rooms and to, urge that such 

rooms be maintained in a sanitary and healthful 

manner. 

To accomplish what I have been discussing is not 

impossible and it most strongly appeals to me as 

being an important part of the next step in sanitation. 

SANITARY NECESSITIES 

My third specifications is entitled, "Extension of 

sanitary necessities commonly referred to as conveniences." 

To start with, we should discontinue the phrase 

"sanitary conveniences." We often hear of a building 

being equipped with sanitary conveniences. 

What part of a building is more vital to health and 

comfort than these sanitary conveniences, which have 

absolutely grown to be sanitary necessities ? When 

plumbing was a luxury, a bath or toilet room was a 

convenience. Now being universal they are necessities. 

The health of the nation requires the extension of 

plumbing to serve a much larger volume of our population 

than at present. 

One of the largest fields, but sparsely served up to 

this time is the farm field. But now we have splendid 

evidence of the farmer's regard for plumbing, and it 

is safe to say that within the next few years we will 

witness most remarkable strides in this direction. 

FACTORY SANITATION AND FACILITIES 

Then, too, we have recently noted equally remarkable 

developments in factory sanitation, but these developments 

have come none too soon. To-day but a 

comparably small number of the country's industrial 

workers are served by ideal sanitary arrangements. 

The larger corporations fully realize the necessity of 

ample sanitary facilities of high quality and large 

sums have been and are being spent by them for the 

best that money can buy. If the pace being set by 

the larger corporations causes the smaller employing 

units to follow suit, we may soon hope to see a much 

greater number of industrial workers properly served 

with ensuing benefits to public health. 

THE STATUS OF HOTEL SANITATION 

The particular point I wish to cover under the third 

specification is sanitation as it pertains to the traveling 

public. Extracts from an article reprinted in the 

August 7 issues of Literary Digest from a journal 

entitled American Medicine are very pertinent. While 

this article deals with sanitation as applied to persons 

traveling for pleasure, it applies with even greater 

force to those wbo travel on business, because the 

latter class travels throughout the year while the 

pleasure class moves during the summer months. 

The article states: 

A Department of Health Bulletin points out the status of 

some of its hotels in a manner replete with suggestions, 

only 8.7 per cent were rated as excellent, 9.1 per cent very 

good, while 17.8 per cent were rated as fair and 6.7 per 

cent were held to be poor. Sanitary conditions were made 

the index of the rating, and probably the results are as satisfactory 

as would be found by similar investigations in 

other state-wide investigations. 

It is interesting to note the character of health regulations 

that were violated, which included food in kitchen exposed 

to dirt, dirty refrigerators, food and garbage exposed 

to flies, kitchen lacking screens, common towel for food 

handlers, common drinking cups, and, in a single instance, 

bed linen not adequately changed and in another hotel a 

sewage overflow to the street. The relation of these violations 

to personal comfort, cleanliness and health are too 

obvious to require discussion. The carefulness of the Health 

Department in granting certificates is evidenced by the fact 

that while there were 6 violations filed beeause of a lack 

of water analysis, certifications demanded this sanitary provisions 

to be complied with. 

SURVEY NOT YET COMPLETE 

In the state under question the 253 hotels visited had 

commodations for more than 24,000 persons and employed 

2,200 males and 3,000 females. It was estimated that during 

1919 600,000 visitors went to the state and spent from 

twenty-seven to thirty million dollars. The importance of 

the sanitary inspection is further emphasized because only 

about 30 per cent of the hotels in the state had been inspected, 

while a study and inspection of camps has scarcely 

begun. The necessity of safeguarding the health of summer 

visitors is apparent in the interests of the strangers within 

the gates and for the protection of the community in whieh 

they are sojourning, as well as for the further protection 

of the various states to which the tourists will return. 

DISEASES CONTRACTED IN SUMMER 

The long trail of diseases contracted in summer shelter 

indicates the importance of a more complete system of 

sanitary inspection and public health supervision than has 

thus far been attempted. The success of urban committees 

in moderating the burden of summer illness demonstrates 

what may be accomplished through modern public health 

work and should serve as the basis for further efforts in the 

prevention of diseases in localities boasting a summer colony. 

Particularly is this true in connection with the wide-spread 

movement for summer camps for the youthful population. 

It is highly desirable that such camps be duly inspected and 

licensed by state health oflicials before being permitted to 

open for the season. This phase of health supervision has 

been seriously neglected, and in consequence unnecessary 

penalties have been paid by those taking advantage of their 

recreational offerings. The regulations dealing with the 

sanitation of food handlers, the inspection of kitchens, 

water supplies, wastes and the provision for food should be 

thoroughly enforced under state direction, and all the more 

so because of the temporary character of service to vacationists. 

OBSTACLES TO INSPECTION MUST BE REMOVED 

There are, undoubtedly, many obstacles in the way of 

securing adequate sanitary inspection, but certainly an industry 

bringing such large remuneration to the inhabitants 

of the state should be able to pay a fair tax or license fee 

covering the special investigatory service required. The 

additional cost of the individual vacationists would be prac 

tically negligible and would be willingly paid for some 

greater assurance as to the healtlifulness of the hotel, camp 

or institution to which he had gone for the benefit of rest, 

recreation and physical rehabilitation. 

While what I have just stated does not make specific 

mention of plumbing, it is obvious that no such 

inspection could have been complete without having 

counted it as one of the most important items. 

The article so thoroughly covers the point I have 

in mind that it is not necessary to say much more, 

except that hotels, resorts and restaurants which cater


to the traveling public and are supported by it, should 

be obliged, in the interest of public health, to furnish 

suitable sanitary facilities and should be subjected to 

such inspection as would assure tlieir faithful fulfillment 

of such obligations. It is reasonable to assume 

that as long as such matters are optional we may expect 

a continuation of present conditions. 

IDEALS ARE BEING APPROACHED 

Notwithstanding the remarkable strides in sanitation 

within our time, it is clear that it is still in a 

comparativelv early stage. The high points have been 

covered, and when polished off by the development or 

evolution of its finer phases, some of which I have 

touched upon, we will have made a much nearer approach 

to the ideal. 

Some of the results yet to be accomplished will have 

to be brought about by legislation, but in the main the 

chief instrument to be employed is public education 

and much of this will be necessary. 

How a great educational movement of this kind may 

be put in force and made effective I am unable to 

suggest. But I dare say that long before this such 

matters have been given your best thoughts, and I 

predict that your organization will prove itself of great 

force, not alone in this direction, but in many others of 

a kindred nature, and all of which are intimately associated 

with our country's greatest asset—the health 

of more than one hundred million American people. 

Ready for Action 

An interesting method of utilizing the conveyance 

for the various needs of the workmen, as well as for 

transportation is illustrated by the accompanying 

picture. 

The box on rear of ear is detachable, requiring but 

to loosen one thumb screw to remove, and is built wide 

enough to form a rear carrying rack for lengths of 

CAR EQUIPPED FOR CARRYING TOOLS, ETC. 

pipe, ladders, etc., and at the same time provides 

adequate projection for the vise, to allow clearance 

between pipe-cutting tools, and projecting parts of 

machine. 

It also gives added platform space, which the trade 

so often requires, for transporting materials of large 

bulk but of comparatively light weight. 

On small jobs having the vise ready for action, immediately 

upon arriving at the job, makes a favorable 

impression on the customer, and saves considerable 

time and effort for the mechanic. This use of the car 

is but another indication of the progressive spirit of 

our trade. 

Business Cautions 

An attitude of caution is noted in business by the 

Chicago Federal Reserve Bank, which states that it 

has resulted from declining commodity prices and 

more frugal purchasing. 

"Caution rules in business in the Middle Western 

district." the monthly review says. 

"The producer is cautious for the good reason that 

mistakes cannot be made in high-priced labor and raw 

materials without loss both of prestige and profits. 

"Middlemen are cautious because the retailers compel 

them so to be, and retailers are taking frequent 

soundings because they have sensed shoals in the popular 

purchasing power. 

"The buying public is checking extravagances. 

"Tlierefore, men of business are slowing up a little, 

taking their bearings, and trying to find out when, 

where, and how far the heralded drop in prices is 

going to go. The net result is caution, a waiting attitude, 

and resignation to the inevitable. 

"The labor situation is distinctly better, though 

there is some shortage. Good wages are being paid. 

The demand for more houses and rentable rooms continues 

to beat its head against the difficulty of building 

on the .present levels of wages and structural 

materials. 

"Dry goods conditions appear to be fairly satisfactory. 

Stocks are being held as small as possible and 

there is far less of the speculative element in merchandising. 

Evidence of a recession in business is found 

in the slowing up of collections. Indications now 

point to a recession in clothing prices during the next 

60 days. There is a general slowing down of the 

apparel industries." 

French Metal Needs 

One of the French missions to the United States 

has recently given some estimate of the anticipated 

situation in France in regard to metal and mineral 

supplies in future years. 

As regards coal, the destruction deliberately carried 

out by the Germans up to the time of the armistice, 

has been such that it is estimated that it will require 

8 years to recover the pre-war average production, 

while the Saar is estimated to bring about 7,000,000 

tons. Allowing for an increased demand after the 

war, it is estimated that there will be an annual coal 

deficit of about 30,000,000 tons. In addition, there 

is the undeveloped hydraulic power, estimated at 8,- 

000,000 h. p., of wliich by the end of the current year 

it is hoped to be employing about 1,600,000 h. p. 

The output of iron ore is figured eventually at 43,- 

000,000 tons, with 17,000,000 tons available for export. 

The war has greatly increased the copperworking 

plants in the country, but there has been no 

development in the production of raw copper. It is 

hoped ultimately to obtain from the mines in Algeria 

and Tunis 130,000 tons of lead annually. 

Zinc requirements are similarly placed at 130,000 

tons of metal, which it is hoped to be able to fill from 

colonial sources. An export of 15,000 tons of aluminum 

is estimated for, and of about 2,000 tons of nickel. 

Naturally any early realization of these projects will 

depend on a number of contingencies, the most important 

of which is probably the amelioration of the 

coal position.—Mining Journal (London).

SEPTEMBER 24, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER] 4.3 


problems— the Place to 


SEE* 

Proper Length of Sheets for Copper 

Lined Gutter 

From G. E., New York—In reply to question of 

*'G. P. H." in the issue of June 11 as to the proper 

length of sheet for copper lined gutters, the drawings 

of the gutters show it to be a box gutter with right 

angle bends at the bottom corners and right angle 

turns on the front side, the copper extending out 

over the front member of the gutter box and then 

another right angle turn, the copper extending down 

below the level of the strip, making the front member 

of box. The rear angle at the eaves line is an obtuse 

angle, the copper extending up underneath the 

shingles. 

The fact that gutter has five angles in its makeup, 

four of which are right angles, reduces the problem 

to plain expansion and contraction. As the gutters 

slope both ways from a high point in the center, 

the expansion to be contended with will be that of a 

20-ft. piece of copper and, assuming that a difference 

of 100 deg. gives an expansion of 2-9 inch to 

each length. 

The shape of the gutter precludes the possibility 

of soldering the sheets together in place as it has two 

vertical seams. Therefore of necessity the gutter 

must be made in two sheets formed and then placed 

in position, there being but one joint at the high point 

at center to be .soldered when the strips are arranged 

in place. 

If the seams are properly soldered, that is, the 

solder is well sweated in, it will extend at least to 

the back of seam and turn of lower lock. Therefore 

no expansion will be taken up by the joint. In other 

words, the strip at the joint will be many times more 

rigid than any other portion of the gutter strip. Then, 

as the reinforced portion of the gutter strip at the 

seams is about 1 in. in length for each seam, the more 

seams there are in the gutter the shorter will be the 

length the other part of the gutter which must take 

up the expansion caused by the heat of the summer 

sun. 

From this it will be seen that considered in its relation 

to expansion only, the fewer seams the better. 

Further than this, as the seams are usually the weakest 

part of a gutter strip, it would seem that the least 

number of them would be most unobjectionable. As 

the copper in gutter is nailed on the outer edge 

closely and also nailed underneath the shingles, it is 

apparent that the expansion must be taken up at some 

intermediate point and that the greatest expansion 

will be in the bottom of gutter. There will be a 




iGCATIS 

slight bulge but not enough to give any serious trouble, 

however. 

This does not excuse the contractor from following 

the architect's specifications, which should have been 

done. However, he has, in this case, given a better 

job than> that which the architect called for. The 

shorter strips would give more trouble than the longer 

strips which have been used. 

Wants a Table or Rule for Figuring 

Size of Ducts 

From Spokane, Wash.—Have you any working 

tables or rules to find the sizes of flues for gravity 

system of ventilation that will give the proper size of 

ventilator to use in exchanging the air in any given 

room a given number of times per hour? 

Editor's Note—The results attained by gravity ventilators 

vary to such an extent that there is no general 

rule by which the size of a proper ventilator can be 

arrived at. However, the experience of some of the 

readers of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER ' in installing gravity ventilators may be of 

some advantage to our friend in Spokane. We trust 

they will give of their experience to him. 

How Can Auto Radiators Be Cleaned? 

From E. L. K., Ohio—I would like to learn of 

those who are doing automobile radiator repairing and 

body and fender work something of their methods and 

it is for this purpose that I subscribe for and read 

this journal. While I am fully able to handle all the 

work that has been brought in so far, I am always 

willing to give something from my experience and 

learn more about any kind of work because it is never 

too late to learn. I know that other auto radiator 

repair men, as well as myself, will appreciate some 

information on how to remove the deposit that has 

been left in radiators where a liquid has been used 

to stop small leaks. There are several of these liquids 

on the market that have been used and I have been 

able to remove some of this stuff out of a honeycomb 

core so the radiator can be repaired and then continue 

to cool satisfactorily. In some cases I have used lye 

and in some soda, but neither of these will always do 

the work. I will be glad to have any information 

which the readers can pass along.

404 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM F I T TE Ft SEPTEMBER 24, 1920 


The Reading Season 

F O R the man who conducts the business, long hours 

are ahead of him, but for the workman who fin 

ishes his day at a regular time there are long 

evenings which in the summer season with so much 

light were used for receation purposes. The even 

ings now will be darker and it is a splendid oppor 

tunity for him to take up a course of reading that will 

better qualify him for efficient service to field in which 

he is engaged. Older men realize that the more 

knowledge they have, the more powerful they are to 

take care of the demands made upon them and in 

this way the old proverb that knowledge is power is 

demonstrated correctly. The ambitious man who 

wishes to fulfill his full mission, even though now 

working as a journeyman, owes it to the age in which 

he lives to become as adept in solving all the prob 

lems that may come in his every-day work as it is 

possible for a man to be. Men learn from other men 

by seeing what they do and hearing what they say. 

But they can't learn nearly as much nor as fast as they 

can from studying the drawings used to illustrate 

books devoted to practical work and reading the 

description in the text so as to be able to apply the 

information to their every-day practice. The man 

who neglects to use the winter season for study and 

reading is like the tradesman who lets a good cus 

tomer pass his door. 

Is The Heater Ready? 

HOWEVER much a shop may be occupied with 

the rush work an extra spurt can alwavs be put 

on to take care of the customer who is in dire 

need. To insure his coming along with his work it 

is well to send out a card asking the question: "Is 

your heater ready?" This will make people find out 

that the heater needs cleaning, that the smoke pipe 

needs taking down and cleaning out, and possibly re 

newing, and that repair work of a more substantial 

nature may be required to some part of the heating 

apparatus. He will bring to people's minds the fact 

that during the past winter there were some things 

to be desired in the service of the heating apparatus 

which can be secured by some changes or additions. 

Here is where the thoroughly competent heating con 

tractor, alive to the opportunity for increasing his 

business, will apprise the people in his vicinity of 

what he can do for them and substantially increase 

the business for the fall. 

Protecting Plumbing in Summer Homes 

WHEREVER people who occupied bungalows or 

other summer homes during the vacation sea 

son are leaving them, there is need for some 

attention to the plumbing, more than the average lay 

man is capable of giving. This is the opportunity 

for plumbers located near such buildings to call the 

attention of the owners the safeguards that will in 

sure the plumbing being in condition for use when 

they return to occupy these summer homes next year. 

In many instances it is necessary to get all of the 

water out of the fixtures and to draw the water out 

of the entire piping system so that no matter how 

severe the coming winter may prove, there can be no 

disadvantage nor destruction of any of the plumbing 

fixtures in the building. The man who keeps such 

people informed of their needs and protects them 

against loss will be kindly remembered when profit 

able business is to be done. 

Associations' Program 

THE leaders in association work who are worthy 

of their position have already outlined the pro 

gram of work for the members for the coming 

year. Some have a program that will Occupy each 

meeting from now until next spring. They have 

arranged subjects to be discussed, have appointed 

committees to collect information for the discussion 

of these subjects and have selected some speakers 

who will make the principal address on all of these 

different subjects. They have made it a point to 

send invitations to every tradesman in town who does 

not belong to the association to attend these educa 

tional meetings, or the educational part of the regu 

lar meetings. This is for the purpose of impressing 

them with the benefit of associating with their fellow 

tradesmen, not only for their own benefit but for that 

of their customers. Any association that has not as 

yet called the officers together to outline plans for 

the winter activities should begin at once to make all 

important arrangements. 

Take Orders Correctly 

NOTHING makes so much trouble for the trades 

man in the rush season now on as a misunder 

standing of what the customer wants. He should 

be sure that both understand every detail of what is 

wanted and the time it is to be done or delivered.

24,1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 


Sanitary Engineering Society's President 

Members Urged to Support and Co-operate With Their 

Leader in Society's Work 

The far-reaching benefit already derived from the 

activities of those who have brought into existence 

and maintained the American Society of Sanitary Engineering 

justifies the determination of the small band 

who compose it to continue its existence and its work. 

To no one is more support and encouragement due 

than to Major William C. Groeniger, 8 East Chestnut 

Street, Columbus, Ohio, who accepted re-election 

at the meeting in St. Louis last week. 

PRESIDENT WILLIAM C. GROENIGER 

During the period of its establishment there have 

been many loyal and excellent workers in the society. 

But because of the small membership it has not attracted 

those men best qualified to join in its work. 

The best service its members can now render to its 

loyal, active and self-sacrificing president is to labor 

all through the coming year to provide that number 

of new members which will insure an income to carry 

out the plans of the president for the advancement of 

the organization. 

This is duty which must not be left to the president 

alone, who has done valiant service in this line and 

who has taken up the work which other self-sacrificing 

early workers left when they entered upon other 

duties. For three years he has carried the society 

along so that its honor and its service to the sanitarv 

field is as bright as formerly. 

Now it is the duty for the rank and file of the 

membership to prevail upon those in the sanitary 

field who should co-operate and support the work of 

the society to join in the work and aid it. It is their 

duty also to take up the problem of financing the 

work of the society and offer that solution to the 

executives which will insure sufficient funds for the 

work thev have in mind. 

4 

There i.s still another duty to the president and that 

is apprise him of opportunities for carrying on research 

work and to file with him accounts of findings 

under all conditions as a matter of record which can 

be used in solving the problems of sanitation. The. 

field of the society is not restricted. As yet there has 

come into the organization those who can give it a 

substantial impetus and insure its maintenance without 

the sacrifices that heretofore have been necessary. 

In presenting the portrait of President Groeniger 

another time it is to attract the attention of sanitarians 

to the needs of the field so that they may contribute 

in accordance with their capacity to supply 

what is needed. Its splendid work has attracted wide 

attention and caused great things to be expected of it. 

This reputation can only be maintained by more applications 

for membership and more funds. They can 

be secured by the general membership if they will 

work and support the executives. 

Georgia Association at Tybee Island 

State Convention of Master Plumbers' Association Met in 

Savannah, Ga., on Aug. 30-31, at the Tybee Island Hotel 

The members of the Atlanta, Augusta, Brunswick, 

Dublin and Manchester Associations arrived in Savannah, 

Ga., on Sunday morning, August 29 and were 

met by the Savannah Association and jobhers. They 

were carried in automobiles to the Savannah Hotel, 

where breakfast and refreshments were served. Later 

they were shown over the city, which is so frequently 

called the "Beautiful Forest City" and Thunderbolt. 

They were then taken to the station and caught the 

train for Tybee Island, where they were joined in the 

afternoon by the members of the Savannah Association. 

The convention, which was the first semi-annual 

convention of the Georgia Association of Master 

Plumbers, was opened on August 30 at 11 o'clock, 

with President Sam S. Shepard in the chair. After 

the opening address by Mr. Shepard a committee on 

application was appointed by D. V. Tidwell, Macon, 

consisting of Ben J. Seckinger, Maeon, and Vollie 

Gresham, Atlanta, and to this committee the following 

applications were referred: C. B. Burke, Tifton; 

R. W. Manning, Cairo; A. E. Roberts, Covington; D. 

W. Bell, Dublin; C. C. Cavin, Madison; H. F. Corbett, 

Cordele; Cosgrove & Zoller, Savannah; M. N. 

Oglesbee, Statesboro; E. J. Schroeder, Americus. 

On motion of Secretary James E. Belcher and seconded 

by George W. Payne, Atlanta, the first order 

of business for the afternoon session was the address 

of J. Roberts, of the American Radiator Co.. in regard 

to the advertising. He gave an explanation of "Package 

Advertising," and made a plea to the merchant 

steam fitters and plumbers of the South to co-operate 

witli the company in selling its goods. 

Mr. Whaley, of Thomas Maddocks & Con Co., 

Trenton, N. J., addressed the convention and was 

followed by a talk, by Julius J. Lax. of the Julius


J. Lax Supply Co., Savannah, who spoke on "Overhead," 

one of the most interesting and instructive 

addresses ever delivered to the Georgia Master 

Plumbers' Association. A very interesting speech was 

made by Mr. Tullington, of the Ideal Supply Co., 

Macon. 

W. J. Woolly, of the Trade Extension Bureau, 

Evansville, Ind., gave a talk on salesmanship which 

was very instructive and interesting to all. Mr. 

Woolley, on invitation, gave a talk to the salesmen 

and jobbers, who gained a great deal from a talk 

which lasted 45 minutes. 

The meeting then adjourned for the day. 

On Tuesday President Shepard received the following 

applications, wliich were read, accepted and 

added to the state membership roll: C. B. Burke, R. 

W. Manning, A. E. Roberts, D. W. Bell, C. C. Cavin, 

H. F. Corbett. Cosgrove & Zoller, M. H. Oglesbee 

and E. J. Schroeder. 

Mr. Woolley gave an address on "Bookkeeping," 

occupying an hour with most instructive information. 

The convention then adjourned until the photographer 

made pictures, after which Mr. Woolley addressed 

the association on "General Overhead on Merchant 

Plumbing and Steam Fitting." 

Twelve new names were added to the state membership 

roll. There were 35 master plumbers, 6 jobbers 

and 10 salesmen from supply companies present 

at the convention. 

The convention adjourned at 1 o'clock and the 

guests then took the train for Savannah to visit the 

different supply houses, which entertained the visitors 

until train time that night. 

The convention was one of the best and largest 

ever held by the Georgia Association. 

President Durkins Cabinet 

Appointment of New Board of Directors of National 

Association of Master Plumbers 

New blood is characteristic of the new cabinet of 

D. F. Durkin, Jr., president of the National Association 

of Master Plumbers as announced from the headquarters, 

108 South Twentieth Street, Philadelphia. 

This means that these men have been selected because 

of the work needed in the territory adjacent to their 

location. They are of the younger element of the 

progressive type and of sound conservatism. They 

will be active in gathering information that will make 

board meetings valuable to the whole membership. 

President Durkin has also adopted the practice of 

issuing a periodical letter of interest to the members 

so that all the efforts expended by the association 

may co-ordinate and being correspondingly more 

effective. 

The new directors are a.s follows: 

Frank B. Lasette, 238 West 108th Street, New York City. 

John Hokom, 4312 Moneta Avenue, Los Angeles, Cal. 

John J. Vogelpohl, 4156 Hamilton Avenue, Memphis, Tenn. 

Harry ,T. Farrell, 100 Linden Street, Camden, N. J. 

Harry L. Hanson, Butte, Mont. 

John's. Irvine, 2289 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, Mich. 

Andrew L. Curtin, 46 High Street, Medford, Mass. 

L. A. Tompkins, 11 West Fifth Street, Charlotte, N. C. 

Harry B. Warren, 009 San Jacinto Street, Houston, Texas. 

W. W. Hughes, 1514 East Franklin Avenue, Minneapolis, 

The officers who also serve on the board are President 

Durkin: Vice-President Joseph W. Cannon, 


11323 Michigan Avenue, Chicago; Secretary George 

F. Uber, 108 South Twentieth Street, Philadelphia; 

and Treasurer Richard J. Welch, 71 Middle Street, 

Lowell, Mass. 

Flag Presentation in Jersey City 

State Officers Present at Jersey City Master Plumbers' 

Association Meeting 

Through the courtesy of Secretary Henry A. Cohendet 

the following is presented in reference to the 

work being done to raise the state membership to 

1,000 as is the slogan of State President William A. 

Snudden. Morristown, N. J. 

The Master Plumbers' Association of Jersey City 

had a large and very enthusiastic gathering of members 

at the regular meeting Thursday evening, September 

16. in Public Service Building, 84 Sip Avenue, 

Jersey City, N. J. 

A special feature of the occasion was the presence 

of officers of New Jersey State Association of Master 

Plumbers, who were making their first official visit 

to the local association, and to present the silk American 

flag won by Jersey City Association in the membership 

contest held by New Jersey State Association 

of Master Plumbers. It was originally intended to 

present the flag at the state convention, held at Union 

Hill, N. J., in May, but the request of the Jersey City 

representatives it was decided to present the flag at a 

regular meeting of the local association. 

The presentation was made by William Delhagen, 

Paterson, N. J., in a'brilliant address glowing with 

patriotic fervor. President John J. Corcoran, in a 

neat speech of acceptance, assured Mr. Delhagen and 

his fellow members of the State Association that he 

and his Jersey City colleagues subscribed fully to the 

lofty sentiments expressed by him and assured them 

that Jersey City Association would endeavor to live 

up to the principles of 100 per cent Americanism. 

President Corcoran then requested tliose present to 

rise, repeat the pledge of allegiance to. and salute 

the flag. The presentation of prizes to members for 

their work and a buffet lunch followed the ceremonies. 

Two "Bills" Entertain Jersey Plumbers 

Social Outing in Honor of New Executive Board Enjoyed 

at Lake Hopatcong, on Sunday, September 19 

A membership of 1,000 for the New Jersey Association 

of Master Plumbers is the purpose of President 

William A. Snudden, Morristown, N. J., in which 

he is supported by State Organizer William H. Beck, 

who was formerly secretary of the State Association 

and is now visiting the plumbers of the state with 

that purpose in mind. To give some emphasis to this 

purpose it has been the pleasure of the New Jersey 

plumbers to be entertained, first when President William 

A. Snudden was a vice-president, and coming 

along for greatest responsibility. They met at his 

call and list year is still a most delightful recollection. 

This year "Bill" Snudden and "Bill" Beck invited 

the New Jersey plumbers to bring their families, 

children and sweethearts to a social outing to be given 

in the honor of the newly elected executive board at 

the cottage of Mr. Beck. Sperry Springs, Lake Hopatcong, 

on Sunday. September 19. As the result, the 

two Bills had 80 guests, some of whom are shown in

SEPTEMBER 24, 1920 . I E T A I. W O R K E R , P L V M B E R A N D STE A XVI FITTER 

the pictuie taken in front of Mr. Beck's cottage, which 

is Byram's Cove and faces north, with a beautiful 

view of the lake and the mountains beyond. 

In front of the cottage a long table was placed at 

which the 80 guests gathered for the special form 

of entertainment which ran through the whole gamut 

from fruit and ice cream to hot dogs and more substantial 

fare. At the conclusion of this part of 

the entertainment one of the steam launches operated 

on Lake Hopatcong by Mr. Beck and his brother 

drew up at his wharf and tlie party made a trip 

around the beautiful coves which skirt the border of 

the lake, having pointed out the cottage occupied by 

Past State President Walter V. Meslar, Morristown. 

Also Mr. Beck pointed out the cottage occupied by 

State Secretary Walter Grub . The part}' also had 

the pleasure of meeting Hudson Maxim, the inventor. 

who is also a brother of Hiram Maxim, who is well 

known in the world of explosives for his wonderful 

achievements. 

Before the party sat down to dinner they were 

gathered ,n front of Mr. Beck's cottage with the 

notables l the front row. Sitting at the left, the 

second man is William Delhagen, Paterson; next is W. 

H. Beck, formerly of Orange; Samuel F. Wilson, the 

candidate for the nomination of sheriff, Newark, N. 

J.; Past State President Joseph A. Sproul, State 

President Williani A. Snudden, State Secretary Walter 

Grub and Past State President Walter V. Meslar, 

and just beyond one of Mr. Beck's best friends. 

The ladies and the other members were standing as 

shown. Matthew J. Brady was deceived by the photographer 

and is on the veranda at the extreme left. 

He was told he would be in the picture, but unfortunately 

was left out. 

When the party was seated at the dinner and after 

the work had ceased to be interesting, William Delhagen 

siezed the megaphone and requested quietness 

THE TWO BILLS AND THEIR GUESTS 

State President William A. Snudden and State Organizer William H. Beck. Enter 

tain New Jersey Plumbers Executivesand their families at "Sperry Springs,' 

Mr. Beck's Home on Lake Hopatcong, N. J. 

401 

while an interesting feature of the program would be 

carried out. In behalf of the officers of the State Association, 

Messrs. Snudden and Beck were presented 

with gold fountain pens and gold lead pencils. 

In response. President Snudden expressed his surprise 

but said he could use them in his work for the 

association and appreciated very much the good will 

that had caused their presentation. Mr. Beck stated 

that he also was surprised and that in the association 

work these implements would be useful. He stated 

that a great deal of work had already been done with 

great promise of success and invited the ladies as 

well as the men to give him their support in making 

Bill a 1,000 per cent membership man in the State 

Association when it gathered in New Orleans next 

year. 

Chicago Heating Men Capture Antioch 

Over One Hundred Take Over Hotel for Annual Week-End 

Outing at Channel Lake 

"Oh. you fried chicken and corn on the cob, 

We hear you calling and we're on the job, 

We have been waitin' since early this morn,^ 

So we'll put a dent in you—chicken and corn." 

Sung to the tune of that popular ditty of 964 verses 

made famous by the ex-A. E. F. It was the marching 

song of more than 100 of the Chicago heating trade 

manufacturers, distributors, contractors and salesmen, 

who spent the week-end of September 11 and 12 

at the Svlvan Beach Hotel, Channel Lake, Antioch. 

111. The chowder gang arrived Friday night and 

had a big cauldron on the fire early Saturday morning 

ready for the hungry host. All day long the ladle 

was'weilded but the supply was ample even after 

everyone had made nine trips or more, for the capacity 

of tlie kettle rivaled a voung lake. In fact, there 

were oceans of it and inspired the 963rd verse of the 

well-known ditty rendered as follows : 

"If the ocean were chowder and I were a duck, 

I'd swim to the bottom and never come up. 

O honey, how long do we have to wait 

For that chicken to fry and 'ose 'tatoes to baker'

40H METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER24, 1920 

At 5 o'clock on Saturday evening fried chicken, 

corn, sweet potatoes and all the fixin's were piled 

mountain high on the tables of the hotel dining room 

and were stowed as only hungry eating men know 

bow. Charley Glennon presided as master of ceremonies 

and good fellowship talks were made by Jim 

Dougherty. Judge Cooper and others. 

It has been customary to have a fall outing for the 

past few years and at the 1919 clambake it was voted 

to have a permanent organization so officers were 

elected. They were re-elected and it was decided to 

extend the activities of the club and have more than 

one event each year. The official title is the Clam Club, 

for two reasons, the members' particular liking for 

the popular bivalve and the fact at all outings when 

the command "fall to" is given the silence is intense 

and clam-like. 

The officers are: Master of Ceremonies, Charles 

Glennon; chairman, Thomas Magan; Treasurer, Fred 

Dilzer; and secretary. Fred Storey. 

The officers and the committee composed of George 

Henrich, Charles Lamb, Don Forgan. C. E. Barrows. 

James Dougherty and George Lavelle put the affair 

over in their accustomed splendid style and the path 

of sociability well traveled. 

Eastern Supply Association Program 

Literature Issued by Secretary Hanley with Reference 

to Coming Meeting. October 13 

The members of the Eastern Supply Association 

are receiving from Secretary Frank S. Hanley, 261 

Broadway, New York City, several pieces of literature 

to qualify them for their coming meeting on October 

13. One is a questionnaire in reference to the 

use of automobiles by salesmen. 

Another states that Walter Drew, counsel for the 

National Erectors' Association, will make an address 

on "Some Phases of the Industrial Situation." This 

also calls attention to the fact that a New Jersey legislature 

has passed a law awaiting the signature of the 

Governor containing four points of interest: 

1. That new dwellings built between October 1, 1920, 

and October 1, 1922, shall be exempt from municipal taxation 

for a period of five years in order to stimulate new 

building. 

2. That landlords must give three months' notice instead 

of one month's notice to tenants renting by the month. 

3. That dispossess cases must be brought before the 

nearest district court and not before remote district court 

judges. 

4. That assessors, in computing the valuation of dwellings, 

must take into consideration the rents collected by 

the landlords and thus use the rents collected by rent 

gougers to tlieir disadvantage in the matter of assessments. 

Then tlicrc arc enclosed two bulletins from the National 

Committee of the Confederated Supply Association 

treating on the housing sliortage and the fact 

that some aid to those endeavoring to help the building 

industry can be secured by applying at Room 1605. 

29 West Thirty-ninth Street, the headquarters of the 

representatives of the construction industry in 

Greater New York. It. .also calls attention to the 

wrong sort of an open type of association whicli was 

the subject of a recent article in Printers' Ink. 

Another bulletin states that through the courtesy 

of Frank R. King, sanitary engineer. State Board of 

Health. Madison. Wis., a pamphlet covering the Wisconsin 

public station code and rest room suggestions 

is recommended for a reading by every member of 

the association. An extract of the state laws providing 

for the erection of comfort stations is also 

given. 

There is also given a bulletin from G. E. Fromm, 

press manager of the American Radiator Co., entitled 

"Credits and Collections," which is reprinted 

on another page of this issue. 

Here are plenty of attractions to induce a man to 

come out and take part in the meeting on October 13. 

Pennsylvania Contractors Visit Lancaster 

Officers and Directors of Sheet Metal Contractors' State 

Association Attend Meeting 

Through the courtesy of Secretary W. F. Angermyer 

there is an account of the recent meeting of the 

state officers in Lancaster, Pa., called by President 

H. F. Bantham, Wilkes-Barre, Pa., for several purposes. 

All except two of the officers and directors 

were present. 

The officers include Vice-Presidents H. F. Bantham, 

Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; H. B. McClure, Harrisburg, 

Pa., and C. W. Sexton, Waynesboro, Pa.; Secretary 

W. F. Angermyer, 714 Homewood Avenue, Pittsburgh, 

Pa., and Treasurer G. C. Krack, 1018 West Nineteenth 

Street, Erie, Pa. 

The association is desirous to have formed in the 

state of Pennsylvania an auxiliary with the membership 

from the representatives of the various manufacturers 

and jobbers. It was voted to request the wholesale 

trade to send a list of their salesmen and their 

addresses to the secretary. The plan of this auxiliary 

i.s to give each salesman an honorary membership in 

the State Association, for wliich the association collects 

$1 in order that it may send him the national 

publication in order to keep him in touch with association 

activities. When he attends the convention, 

he is assessed for his entertainment, possibly $5. 

PRESIDENT H. F. BANTHAM 

At the Lancaster meeting 20 salesmen were present 

and a start was made with a feeling of certainty that 

the membership will be substantially increased. 

Secretary Fernley of the Metal Club of Philadel-

SEPTEMBER 24, 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

phia has agreed to give the association his support 

by a list of the manufacturers and jobbers who have 

salesmen traveling Pennsylvania. There were twelve 

applications from salesmen signed for membership at 

the meeting. Further support was promised by 

Thomas Quinn, of W. F. Potts Co., Philadelphia, and 

J. H. Crago, of Follansbee Brothers Co., Pittsburgh. 

While the officers were in Lancaster they had a 

delightful visit on the evening of September'14 with 

the Lancaster Association, which, it is expected, will 

affiliate with the State and the National Associations 

at their meeting in October. 

Philadelphia Metal Engineers Dinner 

Monday, September 27, New Hotel Hanover, Time and Place 

Selected by Quarterly Dinner Committee 

The activities of the quarterly dinner committee of 

the Roofing, Metal and Heating Engineers of Philadelphia 

has provided for the fall dinner of the association, 

to be held on Monday, September 27, at 

6:30 o'clock p. rn., in the New Hotel Hanover, Twelfth 

and Arch Streets, Philadelphia. 

It is stated that this will be one of the most important 

meetings of the year and the subjects discussed 

will include "The Rate of Wages and Prices 

to Charge for Fall Work," "Something New in Overhead 

Charge," and the report of the Tin Roofing 

Committee on the quantity of Nu-Dura tin used so 

far, how it wears and the number of new roofs put 

on. The committee will also report on the recent 

meetings with the Metal Club and What the Jobber 

Thinks. 

It is pointed out that rapid - changes have taken 

place in the building trades and with the assistance 

of the Chamber of Commerce committee and the committees 

of each trade association, the labor and material 

situation for the fall is due for a change. This 

association has kept in touch with these changes and 

reports will be made at this meeting. Knowledge is 

power and it is well for every member to attend and 

hear the news in the trade. 

Chicago Sheet Metal Contractors Meet 

Members Hear Inspiring Talk on Service 

at Monthly Meeting, September 14 

The pleasant innovation of having a speaker on 

some business topic was inaugurated at the regular 

monthly meeting of the Sheet Metal Contractors' Association 

of Chicago, held in the club rooms on Tuesday, 

September 14, will be continued at future 

meetings. 

After the roll call and other routine business had 

been disposed of by the 50 members present, President 

H. C. Knisley introduced A. F. Sheldon, of 

Sheldon's School of Business Science, whose instructive 

remarks and blackboard illustrations were enjoyed 

by all. 

His topic was "The Science of Service" and he said 

409 

that the general laws of business applied witl. equal 

force to any activity. Every business has the same 

mission-service to the world. Though, if the question. 

What arc you in business for?" were asked 

thc majority would answer, "For profit." Profit is 

a natural result of good business 

conduct and it is to the service as 

beat is to fire—big fire, plenty of 

heat. 

To increase the service rendernig 

power of an organization the 

unit and the institution must be 

developed so that employee gives 

100 per cent service to the employer 

who, in turn, gives the same 

to the purchaser, then the reward 

will be in proportion. He demonstrated 

this graphically with three 

lines: I—Individual, S—Service, 

R—Reward, and said that their 

length should be equal, and this 

was only accomplished when the 

desire to render service and the 

capacity to do it is present. 

n. c, KNISLEY The relations of the employer 

and employee, a firm and customer, 

are based on confidence with satisfaction 

and service supporting it. Service is an elusive 

thing and in business science is shown in three elements: 

Q—Quality, Q—Quantity, M—Mode of conduct. 

They should make an equilateral triangle. If 

any one is deficient in a business, it does not fully 

accomplish its mission. Business success is not luck, 

but the result of natural laws and every element of 

the enterprise must be developed, so that the lines on 

the ledger of life will be proportionate. Mr. Sheldon 

ended his talk with a little paraphrase: 

"My fondest hope is to see the day 

When employer and employee will say 

I'll help you and you help me, 

Then how wonderful our business will be." 

President Knisley thanked the speaker on behalf of 

FRED GARRITY, JOHN LUKE AND JOHN R. KEHM 

the members and on vote it was decided to have a 

speaker at every meeting in future. 

The attention of the members was called to the 

revised building regulations which have just been 

issued. 

The necessity of having representation at the meeting 

of the National Board of Jurisdictional Award in 

Washington, D. C, on November 29 was discussed 

and on vote of the members the president was author-

410 METAL "wORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 24, 1920 

ized to appoint a committee of tliree. 

be announced later. 

Tl ie names wil 

E. STORM, HOFFMAN SPECIALTY CO.; ED .MAY, HAYNES 

SELLING CO.; JIM KETCHAM, ABRAM COX STOVE CO.; 

AND OTTO WOOSTER, WEIL BROS. 

The time of the next meeting was announced for 

October 5 by Secretary D. M. Haines, after wliich 

the meeting adjourned. 

Indianapolis Get-to-gether Smoker 

Sheet Metal Contractors and Furnacemen Urged to Be 

Present on Saturday, October 2 

Every sheet metal contractor and furnaceman of 

Indianapolis is wanted at a smoker and good fellowship 

party to be held on October 2 under the auspices 

of the Jobbers' and Salesmen's Auxiliary of Indiana 

Sheet Metal Contractors' Association. 

The call of President E. W. Norman has been sent 

out by Secretary H. A. Beaman and a good program 

is being arranged by the entertainment committee, of 

which Harry R. Jones is chairman. R. W. Blanchard, 

Chicago, who has been active with President Norman 

in the Illinois and Michigan Salesmen's Auxiliaries, 

will be present to tell the benefits that have resulted 

since the organizations have been co-operating with 

the trade in the states mentioned. 

Further particulars will be announced as to the 

meeting place, but every one is urged to arrange to attend 

the party Saturday. October 2. 

St. Louis Sheet Metal Outing 

Sheet Metal Contractors' and Sheet Metal Consumers' 

Protective Assoiations Enjoy Day 

at Barthold's Grove 

The annual picnic of the two St. Louis associations, 

the Sheet Metal Contractors' and the Sheet 

Metal Consumers' Protective Association, was held on 

Sunday, September 12, at Barthold's Grove, Maplewood, 

Mo. The weather was delightful and the attendance 

one of the largest, sheet metal contractors 

from all tlie surrounding towns of Illinois and Missouri 

also attended. Business was forgotten for the 

day and the fun lasted until 10 o'clock p. m., ending 

a perfect day. 

There were games and races for both young and old, 

starting at 10 o'clock a. m. with the regular horseshoe 

game and ending at 7 o'clock p. m. with the smile 

and gloom contests, dancing from 1 o'clock until 10 

o'clock p. m. Elaborate prizes were given to the 

winners, donations by the supply houses and manufacturers 

covering the expense. 

The picnic committee was composed of members of 

both associations, as follows: Floor Committee— 

George Walchli, chairman : Frank T. Bkern, high chief 

of contests; Tad Pieper. musical director; J. J. Robertson 

and B. S. Phillips. Reception Committee— 

William Koelsch, F. B. Higgins, A. P. Faessler, J. 

F. Ruth. Julius Gerock. William Otton and Charles 

Ward. 

One of the features of the day was the annual baseball 

game for the challenge cup, the teams composed 

of members of one association against the other. The 

Sheet Metal Consumers were again the winners, having 

held the cup for nine consecutive years. Line-up 

and score as follows: Sheet Metal Consumers Protective 

Association—Robertson, 2b; Phillips, ss; Kohlmeyer, 

lb; Walchli, rf; Byrne, 3b; Foster, If; Harris, 

cf; Krause, c; Symonds, p. Sheet Metal Contractors' 

Association—Faessler, c; Leunberg, lb; Casey, 2b; 

PRESIDENT H. W. SYMONDS 

Burkman, ss; Deivley, 3b; Goedke, If; Vooress, rf; 

Harris, cf; Ruth, p; Gruenzenbacli, p; Faessler, p. 

SCORE 

Sheet Metal Consumers' Protective Association 20 

Sheet Metal Contractors 10 

Hits off Symonds, 9; off Ruth, 8; off Gruenzenbacli, 

5; off Faessler, 8. Errors not counted (too 

numerous). Umpires. Koelsch and Baumgarter. 

Does This Mean You? 

In the offices of the Adjutant General at Washington 

is a huge mass of mail, sent to France for members 

of the A. E. F., and returned for various reasons, 

which i.s still unclaimed. 

It consists of jewelry, clothing, riding boots, fountain 

pens, safety razors, money—everything, in fact, 

that can be sent through the mail. 

Red Cross chapters throughout the countrv have 

been asked to aid in locating the owners, for all previous 

efforts to return the mail have been unsuccessful. 

Will those who have reason to believe that their 

property may be among these articles communicate 

with the Adjutant-General, giving details bv which 

identification may be made? 

All property, so identified, will be duly returned


Current Notes 


E. F. HAYDEN, who travels through Maine for the 

Smith & Abbott Co., Portland, with heating and plumbing 

goods, is enjoying a vacation and honeymoon trip 

at the same time, having recently married Miss Mina 

Pomeroy. Mr. Hayden is delighted over the 65,000 

majority in Maine and is making a double celebration 

of it. He says it rained all day on election day or the 

05,000 might have been greatly increased. 

WILLIAM LAMBERT, who was formerly connected 

with the editorial staff of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER 

AND STEAM FITTER and later the associate editor of 

The Gas Age, has recently engaged with the Union 

Carbide & Carbon Corporation, of New York City, 

to aid it in its publicity work. 

AUGUST C. PIEFER is enjoying a vacation in the 

Adirondacks and is expected to be at his desk at the 

sheet metal, tin plate and supply house of Bruce & 

Cook, 190 Water Street, New York City, about October 

1. 

J. T. DURYEA, president of the Pierce, Butler & 

Pierce Manufacturing Corporation, New York City, 

is the chairman of the committee of representatives 

of construction industries in Greater New York that 

was organized as the result of the activities of Daniel 

H. Willard, chairman of the advisory council of the 

Association of Railway Executives, through the Honorable 

William N. Calder, chairman of the special 

Senate committee on reconstruction and production. 

The work of this committee will be done from the 

headquarters at Room 1065; 29 West Thirty-ninth 

Street, New York City, and it is believed will greatly 

relieve the acute housing shortage in Greater New 

York. The committee is prepared to receive applications 

for assistance in removing materials from the 

point of production to destination and such other suggestions 

as those who are in touch with the situation 

may be able to make. The co-operation of trade 

journals connected with the construction industry 

has been requested. 

George A. Moore Visits Glacier National 

The past 3 years, due to the war and the unprecedented 

rush of business that followed immediately 

afterward, have been very busy ones for George A. 

Moore, secretary and treasurer of the Detroit Range 

Boiler & Steel Barrel Co., Detroit, Mich. Mr. Moore 

has been so closely confined to business that there 

has been no opportunity for even a short vacation 

during this time until the current year, when he spent, 

with Mrs. Moore, a few weeks at Glacier National 

Park. He is now back on the job again much refreshed 

and ready for another three-year grind and 

more if need be. 

At National Technical Industries Exposition 

Frequently the plumbing contractor is required to 

install drainage systems which must withstand acidu- 

All the Trades 

lated waters or acids passing through them and the 

Duriron Co., Dayton, Ohio, is making an exhibit at 

the National Exposition of the National Technical 

Industries in Grand Central Palace, Lexington Avenue 

and Forty-sixth Street, the week of September 

20-25, in charge of H. R. Daniels and Ward E. Pratt. 

Mr. Pratt is well known to the heating trade from his 

early connection with it and it has been announced 

that he has connected with the Duriron Co., which 

manufactures soil pipe and fittings of a special nature 

of cast iron which has shown under test to be as little 

acted upon by the outflow from the laboratories of 

manual training schools as earthenware pipe and infinitely 

stronger and more durable from other points 

of view. 


ART METAL DOORS AND WINDOWS will be supplied 

by Harry C. Knisley Co., 1912 South Western Avenue, 

Chicago, 111., for the new candy factory of Bunte 

Bros., on Franklin Boulevard. The general sheet 

metal work will also be done by the same company. 

The ventilating system will be installed by Robert 

Gordon, Inc., West Monroe Street. 

IN THESE TIMES OF A SCARCITY of the various materials 

the stock report issued by Follansbee Brothers 

Co., Pittsburgh, Pa., showing exactly the character 

of material and quantity they have on hand for immediate 

acceptance is of special interest to those who 

buy sheet metal and tin plate. Those who are not 

on the company's list to get this information should 

send their address to the company. 

THE ONTARIO STEEL PRODUCTS CO., Gananoque, 

Ont., has increased its capital stock from $1,500,000 

to $2,750,000. 

THE VENTILATING WORK in the new Chicago Tribune 

Building is being done by Mehring & Hanson Co., 

118 North Franklin Street, and metal windows and 

doors are being furnished by Harry C. Knisley Co., 

1912 South Western Avenue. The former company 

also has one of the largest hotel ventilating jobs in 

the new Drake Hotel on Lake Shore Drive, Chicago. 

THE ACKLIN STAMPING CO., Toledo, Ohio, has acquired 

a site on Nebraska Avenue and will build a 

new plant to employ about 750 men or three times 

the present number. Plans provide for punch press, 

annealing furnace, nickel-plating, galvanizing, electric 

welding and tool departments, and a warehouse 

with capacity for 50,000 tons of steel. The capital 

stock will be increased from $50,000 to $500,000. 

James M. Acklin is vice-president and general manager 

and William C. Acklin secretary and treasurer. 

ROLLING MILLS AND BLAST FURNACES for the manufacture 

of steel will, it is expected, be established in 

British Columbia as soon as the necessary market for 

the product of such an undertaking has been assured, 

according to a statement made by Major Martyn, Industrial 

Commissioner for the Province, who, with 

411


James H. McVity and Niciiol Thompson, of the Advisory 

Council of the British Columbia Department 

of Industries, has left for Chicago and San Francisco 

in connection with the matter. 

THE MESTA MACHINE CO. has opened an office in 

the Singer Building, New York, from which point 

all its foreign business will be handled. Foreign correspondence 

should thus be addressed to the company 

at New York. The New York office will also be the 

sales office for the New York and Eastern states territory. 

M. M. Moore, export sales manager, who has 

returned from a several months' European trip, will 

be in charge. 

A GOOD RULE TO FOLLOW has made its appearance 

in the sheet metal trade with the compliments of Ellenwood 

& Doyle, the metal and supply liouse, 29 

Great Jones Street, New York City. It is 15 in. in 

length, reinforced on one edge with brass and on the 

other edge with green celluloid. In addition to having 

the name and address of the firm it enumerates 

the varied lines handled of tin plate, galvanize and 

black steel sheets, spelter, copper, lead, tin, antimony, 

sheet copper, brass, zinc and aluminum, etc. There 

are also on the under side tables of the different thicknesses 

and weights of steel, wire and tin plate, brass 

and copper, and the thickness of zinc with the pounds 

per square foot, so the rule is very convenient for the 

estimator's desk. 

THE TRADE WHO RECEIVED CARDS FROM ED Q. 

SMITH, representative of the Buckwalter line of enameled 

ranges, made by the Buckwalter Stove Co., 

Royersford, Pa., now know that he made a fine display 

at the Riverhcad fair on Long Island, N. Y., even if 

neither of the Presidential nominees had the pleasure 

of viewing his line. Ed sent cards to the trade on 

Long Island so that the members could come and see 

the Buckwalter line and now they are aware_ by display 

he made of the fine goods he sells. 

Successor to Mangan & Campbell Co. 

The business formerly conducted by the Mangan & 

Campbell Co., Salem, N. J., has been taken over by 

the H. J. Mangan's Son Co. This company is continuing 

the business without any change in the financial 

condition of the former company, and will continue 

to do a general business in plumbing, heating, 

furnace and sheet metal work In a recent letter, H. 

J. Mangan stated that the new company is receiving 

considerable literature from manufacturers and jobbers 

addressed to the old company, as the result, no 

doubt of the change not being known by them. Doubtless 

such houses, noticing this item, will correct their 

mailing lists. 

Steel Companies May Build Railroad 

Steel producing interests in the Youngstown district 

have under consideration a plan to build a privately 

owned railroad from limestone quarries at 

Hillsville, Pa., to the blast furnaces at Youngstown, 

a distance of about five and one-half miles, to haul 

stone to the furnaces and slag and other refuse awav 

from the plants. The steel makers regard the new 

freight rate of 84c per ton on flux-stone and 69c per 

ton for carrying slag which the railroads employ for 

their own use, as excessive. Such a road would save 

the steel interests a large sum yearly and would furthermore 

enable the railroads to divert cars used for 

such purposes to other requirements. Major producers 

in the Youngstown territory have placed orders 

for large numbers of open-top cars which would be 

available for such transportation purposes, besides 

hauling coal and ore. 

A Chart of Rolling Mill Practice 

A remarkable chart, entitled "American Rolling 

Mill Practice," has been worked out and copyrighted 

by Charles E. Lehr, chief engineer, and W. J. Phillips, 

chief draftsman, of the Bethelehem Steel Co. 

The chart, beginning with two sizes of ingots, traces 

the reduction of the ingot to billets and thence the 

further rolling to finished products. The feature of 

the chart, which covers 32 different rolled shapes, is 

that besides indicating the shape of each succeeding 

cross section of the rolled product, the area and 

therefore the reduction from the preceding pass and 

the elongation are enumerated. These sectional diagrams 

naturally indicate what are the profits of the 

rolls. The finished sections include a rim section, 

window sash, turbine blade, 100-lb. rail, sheet piling 

and various common structural and bar sections. Incidental 

are some illustrations showing the main ap 

paratus, such as the equipment used in a rolling mill 

and typical layouts of the general types of rolling 

mill. The chart is 2314x4114 in., and may be obtained 

at $2 from Mr. Phillips. 

Wages Reduced 

Reflecting the sagging tendency of sheet steel prices 

is the reduction of ll/2 P er cent on the base wage for 

the September-October period for sheet mill operatives 

who are members of the Amalgamated Association 

of Iron, Steel and Tin Workers and who are 

paid on a sliding scale basis, is the report from 

Youngstown, Ohio. The reduction in the wage rate 

amounts to about one-half of one per cent of the rate 

paid in July and August. 

In the past two months, wages of sheet mill workers 

were at the highest point in the history of the 

industry, 108 per cent above base, with sheet prices 

at a corresponding peak. Under the September- 

October rate, wages will be 106^2 per cent above base. 

The average invoiced price of a box of 100 lb. of 

coke tin plate prime sheets was unchanged, as revealed 

by sales sheets, and consequently wages of tin 

mill workers will continue without change. The tin 

mill wage rate has remained stationery for the past 

four months. It is predicted wages in both divisions 

of the industry will show recessions during the next 

few months, as mill warehouses are well stocked. 

The wage cut for sheet workers came as a surprise 

to the Amalgamated Association committee, one member 

stating affected mill employees had calculated on 

an 8 per cent advance. The examination was conducted 

September 10 at Youngstown, with James H.

SEPTEMBER 24, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM FITTER 

Nutt, secretary, acting for the Western Sheet and Tin 

Plate Manufacturers' Association, and Fred Keightley, 

of Pittsburgh, secretary-treasurer of the Amalgamated 

Association, acting for the men, assisted by a 

committee from the various constituent lodges. 


Detroit Boiler and Barrel Activities 

THE TIDEY HEAT REGULATING SECURITIES CO., 256 

Market Street Newark, N. J., has been organized to 

The first annual picnic of the Detroit Range Boiler 

manufacture heat regulating devices and equipment. 

& Steel Barrel Co., Detroit, Mich., held Saturday, Sep 

Samuel E. Tidey, 232 Central Avenue, Orange N J 

tember 14, was a huge success. It was held at Sugar 

and G. W. Oprits, 111 Maplewood Avenue, Maple 

Island in the Detroit River, about half way between 

wood, N. J., head the company. 

Detroit and Toledo, making it possible for the employees 

of both the Detroit and Toledo plants to ANNOUNCEMENT IS MADE of the organization of the 

attend. 

Eastern Fuel Co., with a capital of $500,000. which 

The program for the day was arranged by T. Stin will be affiliated with the Reilly-Peabody Fuel Co., 

son and H. Ross Mack and included the usual foot and will form the Eastern and 'export subsidiary of 

races and other outdoor contests. The two big fea the latter company. Eugene S. Reilly is president, 

tures of the day were a baseball game between teams Lawrence A. Quinlivan, vice-president and secretary, 

chosen from the Detroit and Toledo plants, respec and Frank T. Peabody, treasurer of the new company! 

tively, and a tug-o-war between the two plants. To the general offices of which are located in the Frick 

ledo, the upstart, winning both contests from the Building, Pittsburgh, while the New York office is at 

home office. 

30 Broadway. 

The gathering was very well attended as there were 

over 250 present. 

President and General Manager E. W. Stoddard 

was there, also Secretary-Treasurer George A. Moore, 

Assistant Secretary George Kite, Jr., and Mr. Boeck, 

Factory Superintendent. 

KOKOMO SANITARY POTTERY CO., Kokomo, Ind., has 

for distribution a catalog showing its high-grade vitreous 

china water-closet tanks, closet bowls and combinations. 

This catalog will be of great interest to the 

trade as it clearly illustrates the sanitary line of 

products manufactured by the Kokomo Sanitary Pottery 

Co. and gives complete roughing dimensions from 

which the plumber can obtain complete necessary 

World Demand for Steel 

roughing information. This catalog used by plumbers 

in making sales will increase the success of their 

There will be some surprise, says the Iron Age, sales talk. 

that American steel exports in July were so large in 

view of the transportation and labor handicaps in that THE L'NITED CEMENT PRODUCTS Co., 315 Board ot 

month. As indicated elsewhere in detail, the Jul}' 

Trade Building, Indianapolis, Ind., is sending to the 

total was 489,223 gross tons, whicli is not only the 

trade a letter received from J. N. Hurty. secretary 

largest amount for any month this year, but also for 

of the State Board of Health, in which he expresses 

1919, with one exception. The nearest approach this 

the opinion that the septic tank made by the company 

year was 420,359 tons in May, while the lowest record 

is a success because it is theoretically correct and in 

was 308,185 tons in February. Imports also showed 

stances are known where it has been installed and 

a healthy increase, having been over 100,000 tons 

doing excellent work. He states that the people of 

larger to August 1 this year than to August 1, 1919. 

Indiana and other states and also public school author 

Not only were American steel exports the year's 

ities can well make a study of this tank and the sug 

maximum in July, but those for Great Britain were 

gestion is made that a canvass be made of the summer 

also. The combined British and American steel ex 

hotels which sadly need some such a sewage disposal 

ports for July afford a measure of the world's present 

equipment as the septic tank will give. The con 

demand for steel as compared with 1913. The month's 

struction is explained and illustrated in the literature 

total for the two countries was 882,239 tons, or the 

issued by the company. 

largest for one month in many years, if it has ever 

been equaled. In 1913 British exports averaged 420,- 

All About Tanks 

457 tons per month, and those of the United States The Hamburg Boiler Works have for distribution 

228,803 tons—both records to that time. The world's their new No. 5 catalog which completely illustrates 

demand on the two countries in 1913, including ship their line of tanks, including the pneumatic water 

ments between the two, was 649,560 tons per month, tanks, special vertical receivers and standard and ex 

or much less than their combined exports last July. tra heavy storage tanks with and without coils, giv 

With Belgium and France doing little in exports, and ing details, measurements, etc., for each type and size, 

Germany out of the reckoning, while Russia and Aus also weights and prices. A copy of this catalog can 

tria are no longer factors, the non-producing coun be had upon application to the Hamburg Boiler 

tries must depend on American and British sources 

Works, Hamburg, Berks County, Pa. 

of supply. 

These figures are not only impressive, in view of 

Two-Piece Baseboard Register 

financial and economic conditions the world over, but 

they are prophetic of what the world's needs may be The two-piece cast-iron baseboard register, manu 

when times are more normal. 

factured by the Tuttle & Bailey Manufacturing Co., 

413 

THE RELIABLE ELECTRIC CO., Newark, N J has 

heen incorporated with a capital of $100,000 by William 

Gross 158 William Street, and Samuel Gross. 

124 Littleton Avenue, to manufacture electric appliances 

and fixtures.


2 West Forty-fifth Street, New York City, is positive 

and quick operating and maintains the high standard 

of the Tuttle & Bailey line of goods. Its lines are 

Two important American industrial works in Italy 

have passed under soviet rule, the same as Italian 

plants, according to George Seldes, special correspondent 

of the Chicago Tribune, at Milan. These 

are the large plants of the American Radiator Co. 

and the Western Electric Co. Both have been barricaded 

and put in a state of defense by employees and 

are being operated by about 40 per cent of the regular 

crews, who, however, are unable to dispose of the 

products. 

"The workmen are running my business, but I am 

doing business as usual," said William Bairnson of 

Chicago, general manager of the American Radiator's 

office at Milan for the works at Brescia. "I am not 

alarmed over the situation. Just before the manager 

was driven out we posted signs warning ever}' one not 

to buy or sell without our authority. 

"Yes, we have knowledge the plants are operating, 

but these are not departments where high technique 

is necessary. It will be a pretty problem when a 

settlement comes, and the men ask pay for the work 

done by themselves without authority, but expect a 

satisfactory settlement." 

When Mr. Bairnson was asked if he would accept 

the factory Soviets, which the workers insist must remain, 

he said: "Similar Soviets under names of 'council' 

or 'committees' are operating in many countries. 

So long as the Italians in the council consist of workers 

and not agitators, and are willing to co-operate 

instead of dictating, we will accept." 

Another opinion of the situation expressed by an 

American here on governmental service was: "I am 

afraid it is only the rehearsal for bolshevism. Workers 

realize they have failed, and therefore are making 

peace, but these affairs have taught them the necessity 

of seizing the operating, buying and selling departments 

as well as the works. This time I believe 

it will blow over quietly, but no one can tell what will 

happen the next time they form Soviets." 

A settlement of Italy's first bloodless revolution is 

expected immediately as negotiations between the owners 

of the metallurgical plants and Soviets are progressing 

favorably. The fact that the Soviets are 

eager to compromise is taken to indicate they realize 

thev are unable to make a success of their ventures. 

New Anti-Compound Tbat Withstands 

Intense Heat 

The first public demonstration of "Stazon," made 

by the Conversion Products Corporation, 149 Broadway, 

New York City, was witnessed recently by representatives 

of 50 technical and trade magazines. 

"Stazon" is a preparation applied with a brush to 

avoid the corrosion of metals which is said to maintain 

its protective qualities even under excessive temperature. 

The great resistance to heat was the outstanding 

feature of the demonstration. 

The experiment was conducted by H. C. Wilson 

and W. H. Buell of the corporation, who perfected 

this new rust preventive compound. They are both 

veteran metallurgists and recognized leaders in the 

field of industrial research, Mr. Wilson having been 

TWO-PIECE CAST IRON BASEBOARD REGISTER 

prominently identified in the steel industry for 22 

such as will appeal to housewife as it is easily cleaned years, while Mr. Buell was 12 years metallurgist for 

and the pattern is such that it will fit in any room. the Winchester Arms Co. 

The two outstanding "Stazon" features claimed are 

that it prevents rust and is easily removed. 

Italian Soviets Run American Plant Abroad At the demonstration Mr. Wilson stated: "Even 

this does not begin to tell the vast saving to be effected 

in its use. The annual waste in the United 

States, due to rust of tools and machinery parts, runs 

far into millions. I directed great shipments of 

ordinance during the war and can speak with personal 

experience of the great numbers of rifles alone ruined 

by rust before they ever reached a soldier. 

"In all manufacturing plants where metal parts are 

exposed to oxidizing fumes there is an appalling waste 

due to rust and corrosion. 

"When the heat generated in storage or en route 

gets around 100 deg., it cannot melt the "Stazon" 

rust preventive, so damage does not begin, as—it 

stays-on. It is economical and easily applied with a 

brush." 

A Higb Quality Set 

The Climax saddle round seat, manufactured by 

C. F. Church Manufacturing Co., Holyoke, Mass., 

is here sliown. These seats are covered with pyralin, 

CLIMAX SADDLE ROUND SEAT 

a pure white substance which is applied in sheet form 

and, being non-porous, requires only soap and water

SEPTEMBER 24, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND S T E __ M FITTE 

to clean. The hinges used are of a heavy nickelplated 

brass cast pattern and as a whole this seat 

is one about which the plumber can talk quality to 

the customer and feel assured that the article will 

live up to the reputation given. Full information 

about these seats can be obtained by addressing the 

C. F. Church Co. 

Do You Know ? 

Do you know the origin of wrought iron ? 

Do you know of the early Egyptian methods of 

making iron ? 

Do you know of the Asiatic improvements ? 

Do you know about cliarcoal iron. 

Do you know about the blast furnace ? 

Do you know that all this information can be had 

bv addressing a postal card to the Reading Iron Co., 

Reading, Pa., requesting its bulletin No. 1 ? 

This bulletin tells all about the making and service 

of Reading wrought iron pipe, contains a very interesting 

article on the origin and development of 

wrough industry, and will afford you a delightful 

hour's reading and leave you in possession of some 

very interesting and useful facts. 

The bulletin is printed on a verv high-class paper 

and contains beautiful illustrations of the manufacture 

of wrought iron from the time it is charged into 

the furnace until it is placed as pipe on the shipping 

racks by the electric magnet cranes. Every plumber 

and steam fitter should have a copy of this bulletin. 

Maine Notes 

S. A. FAIRBANKS, HOULTON, will install a steam 

heating system in the First Baptist Church at Houlton. 

He is also completing the plumbing and heating 

for a general hospital and state tuberculosis sanitarium 

at Presque. 

RALPH MAIRS, GARDINER, has just returned from a 

two weeks' automobile tour through New England and 

New York. 

ARTHUR B. FELS, Portland, will install the heating 

in a new addition to the State Tuberculosis Sanitarium 

at Hebron. The plumbing for this building will be 

done by Scribner & Querson, Portland. 

N WL.. FAY, FAY & SCOTT, DEXTER, is having built 

a $40,000 residence, Victer Hodgins, Bangor, architect. 

Plumbing and heating day work, owner will 

purchase fixtures. 

JOHN H. SHEA, BANGOR, will install the plumbing, 

lieating and ventilation in a new school building at 

Brownsville. 

JOHN MCDONALD has the contract for plumbing and 

heating in a memorial and municipal building at 

Fairfield. 

O. B. FROST CO., Augusta, will install some 60 bath 

room fixtures in a new addition to the Augusta House. 

F. W. Webb Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass., is 

to furnish all material. 

NASH & VILES, SKOWHEGAN, have a contract for 

plumbing and heating in a new business block at 

Presque Isle. 

415 

H. A. SCOTT, VAN BUREN, is completing the heating 

for "Champlain" parochial school, and also for Joseph 

J. Cyr, together with various minor work. 

THE KELLEY-WIIEELER CO., Gardiner, reports an 

unusually busy season. It has a large amount ot 

warm-air heating work on hand, including many pipeless 

furnaces. This firm has recently purchased the 

building occupied by it for many years and now lias 

no fear of having the rent raised. 

American Welding Society Activities 

The regular September meeting of the Chicago Section 

of the American Welding Society was held in the 

rooms of the Western Society of Engineers, Room 

1735 Monadnock Building, Dearborn Street and Jackson 

Boulevard, at 7:30 o'clock p. m., Tuesday, September 

14. The speakers for the evening were S. W. 

Miller, Rochester Welding Works, and E. Wanamaker, 

electrical engineer, Rock Island Lines. 

A relations committee, consisting of E. Wanamaker 

and H. B. Bentley had been appointed to confer with 

the society relative to the work to be covered by the 

Chicago Section. 

The following is the list of officers elected by the 

Pittsburgh Section of the society: To serve for one 

(1) year—Chairman, J. D. Conway, secretary-treasurer, 

Railway Supply Manufacturing Association; 

first vice-chairman, Dr. R. H. Brownlee, consulting 

chemist; second vice-chairman, H. H. Maxfield, G. S. 

Mt. Power, Pa. R. R. (Central Division) ; secretary 

(temporary), F. W. Tupper, American Welding Society; 

and treasurer, F. O. Gardner, treasurer, Pittsburgh 

Laboratories. 

Executive Committee—To serve for three (3) years 

is composed of: W. M. Finlayson, assistant to M. M., 

Carnegie Steel Co. (Homestead Works) ; Geo. H. Danforth. 

construction engineer, Jones & McLaughlin 

Steel Co.; J. A. Warfel, district manager, Air Reduction 

Sales Co.; and E. C. Sattley, general manager of 

sales, Page Steel & Wire Co. 

Those elected to serve for two (2) years are: A. 

M. Candy, general sales engineer, Westinghouse Electric 

& Manufacturing Co.; H. D. Kelley, district manager, 

Metal & Thermit Corp.; D. J. Redding, assistant 

superintendent M. P., Pittsburgh & Lake Erie R. R.; 

and C. H. Newbury, superintendent welding and cutting, 

Crucible Steel Co. of America. 

The members to serve for one (1) year are: Charles 

Crates, superintendent, Blaw-Knox Co.; Frank S. Austin, 

district sales manager, Carbo-Hydrogen Co.; J. 

H. Rush, welding sales manager, Rush Machinery 

Co.; and B. P. McDaniel, president. Power Piping Co. 

Waste Trade Dealers 

The next regular quarterly meeting of the National 

Association of Waste Material Dealers will be held 

at the Hotel Actor, New York, on Thursday, September 

30, at 2 o'clock p. m. There will be a meeting 

of the Metal Division on Tuesday, September 28, at 

2:30 o'clock; of the Scrap Rubber Division on Wednesday, 

September 29, at 10 o'clock; of the Scrap 

Iron "Division on Thursday, September 30, at 11 

o'clock.




Black and Galvanized Sheets—Production better, delivery 

worse. Price soft. 

Tin Plate—Immediate supply short. Outlook, demand 

good. 

Tin—Buyers holding off. Price down. 

Copper—Market dull and off. 

Lead—Foreign competition. Price down. 

Zinc—Not much trade. Price easy. 

Antimony—Demand good. Strong. 

Foundry Coke—Stock is moving. Price softening. 

Linseed Oil—Inactive. Weak. 

Spirits of Turpentine—No demand. Price off. 

Expectations and Fulfillment Conflicting 

tfjT II hat the present prices of steel and its prod- 

Jl nets would have been but for the steel strike 

which occurred a year ago may well be subject of 

speculative consideration. At the time production had 

assumed a pre-war volume. Then along came the coal 

strike and steel production was again curtailed so 

that production and consumption were somewhat wide 

apart, inducing buyers to place orders in excess of 

their needs and others to pay bonuses for prompt de 

livery, all giving a fictitious strength to the market 

and abnormal increase to the price. These things 

having passed, buyers are expecting to feel an imme 

diate effect in the prices and while the tendency to 

wards softening is becoming more marked the actual 

billing of shipments at lower prices seems someichat 

remote, yet there is a strong inclination that they will 

be lower after the holidays. In the heating field 

boilers and radiators have shown another advance 

and buyers of stoves and furnaces also find the mar 

ket strong. Scarcity of goods in the plumbing field 

is characteristic and prices can only be safely given 

when they are covered by actual quotations for speci 

fied needs. 


New York.— Re-sale iron since the easier conditions 

set in is a more important factor in the market. Some 

foundries are seeking cancellation or to have the seller 

dispose of the iron due them. One buyer who made a 

contract $10 below the present market was willing to cancel 

if the agency could re-sell the iron. There is very little 

demand and prices are nominally the same. 

We quote for delivery in the New York district as follows, the 

higher quotations being for prompt delivery and the lowpr the 

first half of 1920, except on Virginia iron, on which the price for 

first half is the same as for prompt: 

East. Pa., No. 1 fdy., sil. 2.75 to 3.25 $55.52 to $57.52 


East. Pa., No. 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 52.52 to 54.52 

Buffalo, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 54.46 

No. 2 Virginia, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 56.16 

Philadelphia.—Offerings of re-sale iron mark an easier 

tone in the pig iron market, showing that consumers have 

more iron than they need and that some wish shipments 

delayed until stock in yards is melted. 



iron, which are f. o. b. furnace: 


East. Pa. No. 2X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 53.51 to 53.79 

X'irginia Xo. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil 55.74 

Virginia No. 2X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 56.99 

Chicago.—The dull market seems to show some signs of 

revival. Spot iron is moving a little more freely. The 

leading Northern merchant iron interest is booking foundry 

and malleable in moderate tonnages for the first half 

delivery. 



irons, including low phosphorus, which are f. o. b. furnace 

anel do not include a switching charge everaging 70c. per ton. 

Lake Superior charcoal, averaging sil. 1.50 

(other grades subject to usual differentials), 

deliv. at Chicago $58.50 

Northern coke, No. 1 sil. 2.52 to 2.75 48.25 

Northern coke foundry, No. 2, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 46.00 

Northern high phos 46.00 

Southern coke, No. 1 foundry and X'o. 1 soft, 

sil. 2.75 to 3.25 .' $50.92 to 51.87 



Cleveland.— Reduced demands have softened foundry 

iron prices and they are, in some instances, $2 a ton below 

prevailing prices. The market is dull with few sales for 

next year. An encouraging feature is an automobile 

foundry ordering a considerable tonnage to be delivered 

weekly for the balance of the year. 

W'e quote delivered Cleveland as follows, based on the new 

freight rates, these being a 56c switching charge for local iron, 

a $1.96 freight rate from Valley points, a $3.36 rate from Jackson 

and $6.67 from Birmingham. 

Basic $49.06 

Northern No. 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 $48.56 to 50.56 

Soutliern fdy., sil. 2.25 to 2.75 49.92 


Cincinnati.— Extreme dullness is a feature of the market 

with small sales for fill-in purposes and some effort 

to dispose of re-sale iron at $2 under the market. Some 

first quarter sales have been made at $46 and $17, but furnaces 

are not soliciting such business. 


Ironton, we quote f. o. b. Cincinnati: 

Southern coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (base price).. $46.50 

Southern coke, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 (No. 2 soft).. 47.75 

Ohio silvery. 8 per cent sil 62.52 

Southern Ohio coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (X'o. 2).. $48.52 to 49.52 

OLD MATERIALS 

Scrap Iron, New York— The market is softening in a 

number of items and the only buying is on old orders with 

a pronounced of No. 2 cast. The interest in foreign business 

is reflected by the return of two New York brokers 

from business trips abroad on the same boat. 



No. 1 machinery cast $42.50 to 43.50 

Xo. 1 heavy cast (columns, building materials, 


No. 1 heavy cast, not cupola size 30.00 to 3100 

No. 2 cast (radiators, cast boilers, etc.).... 29.00 to 30.00 

Old car wheels 39.00 to 40.00 


2 ft long) 19.00 to 19.50 


Scrap Iron, Chicago.—The market is at a standstill, 

due to apathy of consumers. 


all ireight and transfer charges paid, as follows- 

No 1 cast $33.50 to $34.00 


Locomotive tires, smooth 22.00 to 22 50 

Machine shop turnings 9.50 to 10 00 





Railroad malleable 27.00 to 27 50 

Agricultural malleable 27.00 to 27 50 

Country mixed 16.50 to 17 s»

SEPTEMBER _,, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

W^sf^^êj^^ca^^^êia^^sielsi^^gtsigia;^ 

8 

_ 

I 

8 

I 

s 

s 

I 

i 

I 

i 

I 

1 

m 1 u - 'i 1 \|/ 

_ 

Crinother lank that could) 

be put out of ^Business 

i 

N this Oxyacetylene welded 

tank there are no joints 

to be caulked—no joints to 

open from expansion—no joints 

Then the tank was rolled back to its 

foundation and a few dents hammered 

out. It was tested and found to be 

perfectly tight. 

Thiswholly accidental test illustrates 

to leak. Every seam in it is 

strikingly the strength and ruggedness 

welded. 

of Oxy-acetylene welding. 

While unloading this tank its weight 

And the use of Prest-O-Lite, the 

—12,000 pounds—snapped the holding 

Universal Gas with the Universal 

ropes. The tank dropped fifteen feet 

Service, is largely responsible for the 

to a concrete foundation, rolled on 

ruggedness of all welded tanks. 

down the railroad embankment, demolished 

a small tool house which Write us about Ptest-O-Litc and 

stood in its path, jumped bumps and Prest-O-Lite Service. Our forty plants 

gulleys and fetched up 600 feet from and warehouses are always ready to 

where it started. 


General Offices, Carbide and Carbon Building, 30 East 42nd Street, New York City 


IN CANADA—PREST-O-LlTE CO. OF CANADA, LIMITED. TORONTO 

"" WORKER, PI.VMBER AND STEAM FITTER when writing to advertisers 

n

4IS M E T A L W O R K E R , P L U M B E R A N D S T E A M FITTER SEPTEMBER 34, 1920 

Scrap Iron, Pittsburgh.— A freer movement of pig Copper bottoms 

11.00 

iron on contract has somewhat reduced the demand for Lead pipe 

6.00 

foundrv grades of scrap iron and some of them, notably Tea Lead 

5.00 

stove plate, are down slightly. 

Tin foil 

27.50 

Zinc Block tin pipe 

32.50 4.00 

\\ c- quote tor dcliver\- to consumers' mills in the Pittsburgh Pewter, No. 1 22.50 

and other districts that take Pitssburgh freight rates as follows: Old Rubber.— There is still little movement in the old 


rubber market. Prices are unchanged. Wholesale dealers' 

Steel car axles 42.00 to 43.00 

buying quotations are: 


Machine shop turnings 16.00 to 16.50 Boots and shoes 5.2 to 6 


Trimmed Arctics 4J_ to 4?4 


Auto tires 2 to 2V4 


Bicycle tires 1 to 1J_ 


Solid tires 15. to 2y2 



last iron borings 20.00 to 20.50 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4'_ 


Mixed red scrap 3 

Old Metals, New York.—Prices are the same as last 

week. The market shows very little activity and prices are 

generally unchanged. Dealers' buying prices are as follows: 

Cents 

per lb. 








Xo. 1 red brass or composition turnings 12.25 


Lead, tea 5.00. 

Zinc 5.25 

Old Metals, Chicago.— Market quiet with hand-to- Cents 

mouth buying and inquiries not developing into per orders. lb. 

Prices 

Keel 

generally 

Brass 

unchanged except lead and zinc, .. $13.00 which 

have 

Yellow 

slumped, 

lirass, 

due 

heavy 

to foreign 

. 

influx. 

.. 8.50 

Vellow brass, borings 

.. 8.50 

Heavy wire 

.. 13.00 

Heavy copper 

.. 13.00 

Copper clips 

.. 13.00 

J A to 4 

Mixed black scrap 1_2 to 2 

Cotton fire hose • Vi to 1% 


Old Rags.— A moderate demand is reported in the old 

rags market and greater activity is anticipated. Wholesale 

dealers' prices are: 

No. 1 whites $12.00 to .12.50 

No. 2 whites 5.50 to 6.00 

Thirds and blues •.. 3.25 to 3.50 




Paper Stock.— The paper stock market reports a steady 

movement and a slight increase in price. Wholesale dealers' 

buying quotations for New York are: 

Over issue magazines $3.15 to 3.25 

Crumpled news • 2.15 to 2.25 



Black and Galvanized Sheets.— Stock which was coming 

in nicely a couple of weeks ago is becoming scarcer on 

account of less desirable railroad service. There is again 

THE BURT 

BALL BEARING 

REVOLVING VENTILATOR 

Is designed on scientific principles so that it is steady 

with the wind, preventing the continuous revolving 

action whieh impairs the efficiency of ordinary revolving 

ventilators. 

The construction of the Burt Ball Bearing Revolving 

Ventilator allows the air current to pass over the top 

and sides and directly through it, creating a partial 

vacuum which greatly multiplies its efficiency. 

Fire retarding damper furnished if desired. Write 

today for catalog of Burt Ventilators. Many types 

and all sizes. 



Geo. W. Reed & Co., Montreal, Sole Manufacturers of 

"BURT" VENTILATORS in Canada


difficulty in getting some sizes and gages, particularly 26 

and aim 28 _o galvanized gaivaiiiztu sheets. _nt In consequence, prices are holding 

with some e strength. 

streno-th 

Tin Plate.— The easing up of the demand for bright tin 

for food containers for the East was succeeded by a large 

demand for the fish canneries of the West and it looks as 

if the mills would be well engaged for the first quarter. 

The inactivity in the building trades has brought no demand 

for roofing plates except for repairs and replacements 

and then the better grades are most in demand with t 

f\> ATE NT ^F\ 

PLUMBING 

5 

FIXTURES 

^(.efo-E* AND 

prices strong. 

Copper.—The week has sliown a change in the tone of 

Even Water Costs Money These Days 

the copper market and the metal is off slightly but not 

sufficiently to be reflected in manufactured products, which 

are still scarce and stock not readily secured at market 

Watrous Duojet Closets, Using Less 

Water, Have a Powerful Sales Advantage 

quotations. Sales generally are of a higher figure. 

Each time a Watrous closet is finished the 

Tin.— The arrival of more tin at the selling centers has 

had the effect of producing some vagaries in price movement, 

which are shown in lower prices which are now prevailing. 

work is thoroughly done on 2 to 3 gallons 

less water than an ordinary closet would 

use. 

Lead.— The arrival of lead from abroad has had the effect 

of reducing quotations JAc per pound in a rather dull 

market. 

In a year's time where there are many 

closets in the building the money-saving is 

tremendous. 

Zinc.— I'he further arrival of zinc shipments from across The Watrous principle is simple and exclu 

the ocean has contributed a dullness to the market without 

sive. Two powerful converging jets insure 

affecting the price. 

immediate thorough flush with no delay i.i 

Antimony.—Prices continue unchanged and a fair 

action. No water is wasted in building up 

amount of business is being done. 

a siphon. A positive water seal is always 

left in the bowl. Watrous Duojet closets 

have no zig-zag passages to clog. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh.— Not only have prices receded 

considerably for the high point of the year, but it is considerably 

easier to place business in practically all finished 

sheets for early delivery than it was a short time ago. It 

all of the business now upon the books of makers was of 

liquid character, it is doubtful whether any orders coulo. 

be taken for delivery until well into 1921, for it is estimated 

that approximately 1,500,000 tons constitute to-day's 

unfilled tonnages. Easing in the pressure of the automobile 

industry for supplies, however, has rendered the situation 

easier with regard to business in other lines for fairly early 

delivery. Occasionally small lots of black sheets sell as 

high as 8c, base, and galvanized sheets for quick delivery 

occasionally go as high as 9.50c, but the more general maximums 

on recent business have been 7.50c and 8.75c, respectively. 

The position of the American Sheet & Tin Plate 

Co. with regard to steel supplies is likely to be improved 

as a result of the resumption this week at the Bellaire, 

Ohio, works of the Carnegie Steel Co., idle since early in 

April, the source of sheet bar supplies for the company's 

mills in the Wheeling district. 

Tin Plate, Pittsburgh.— The shortage of immediate 

supplies still is rather acute, due to the fact that the bookings 

of practically all makers are sufficient to engage capacity 

well over the end of this year, and only a full 

supply of labor and steel will enable the American Sheet 

& Tin Plate Co. to be rid of its obligations until well after 

the turn of the new year. As the packing season is over, 

pressure for supplies from the makers of perishable food 

containers has abated, but a number of them are trying to 

enter their first quarter and first half of 1921 requirements. 

With the needs of the salmon packers, which will take more 

than 500,000 base boxes, and which must be shipped between 

now and March, 1921, ahead of manufacturers, prospects 

cannot be considered to be bright for any appreciable 

easing in the supply situation. 


Send for catalog. 

419 


1323 W. Harrison St. 

Chicago, HI. 

HAYNES SELLING COMPANY 

Heating Specialists 

Modulated and Vacuum Heating Systems 

Adapted for all Types of Buildings 

Over 25 Years' Experience 

1711 Sansome Street - Philadelphia, Pa. 

chine barrels in yard, wholesale price is $1.46 per gallon. 

Rosin — The rosin market is somewhat stronger and 

steady. On the basis of 280 lb. to the barrel, the wholesale 

price of common-to-good strained is $13.75, Grade D 

Linseed Oil. Tue linseed oil market is unchanged, buy is $13.75. 

ing being only for immediate needs. In lots of 5 bbl. and Coke.—Those who were expecting a sharp break in 

over, city raw American seed is quoted at $1.25 and out- the market as vet have no cause for elation, for 

of-town raw American seed is quoted at $1.25. In lots of standard furnace fuel still being quotable ut $16.a0 to $17 

less than 5 bbl., 3c more per gallon is asked. Boiled oil per net ton, oven. Contracts for first half of 1921 tonnages 

brings 2c more per gallon than raw oil. 

are being discussed to some extent, but no actual business 

Spirits of Turpentine.—The spirits of turpentine mar has been done, probablv because of the uncertainty surket 

is very dull and prices lower than last week. In marounding the future of the pig iron market.

42(1 .METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 24, 1920 








The quotaUons given below are for small lots, as sold from stores in New 

York City by merchants carrying stocks. . •,-_._ 

As there are many consumers whose requirements are not sumcienuy neavy 






ALUMINUM- 

5 in • 4.25 4.05 3.00 ROSIN- 

NO. 1 aluminum guaranteed over 5./, in 4.90 4.50 3.50 Common to good strained (whole- 

4.00 Sale), 280 lbs., per bbl $13.75 

99% pure, in ingots for remelt I'in. 5.05 4.75 

SHEETS— 

ing, 100-lb. lots—37 to 39c. . SS: :.: e-so ?.so Blue Annealed— 

ANTIMONY— 



No. 10, per 

Cents per lb. 

9c to 10c 


No. 12, per lb 6.50-8.10 


Plain Round and Corrugated- .40% No. 14, per lb 6.55-8.15 


All sizes up to 6 in 5C% No. Black- 16, per lb 6.60-8.20 

BISMUTH— 

Square— 

lb 6.70-8.30 

Per lb $4.00 to $4 50 

Square 

No. 

One Pass. C. R. 

CONDUCTORS— 

Copper— 

No. 

Soft Steel 

Corrugated- 

All sizes Net List No. 18 to 20, per lb 8.80-10.80 


Furnace Pipe and Fittings- No. 22 to per 24, per lb 8.85-10.85 


Standard list..Prices on application No. 26, per lb 8.90-10.90 


LEAD— 

No. 27, 28 and per lighter, lb 36 wide, 8.95-10.95 

Copper 10% 

American Pig, per lb. ..10c to lie No. 

lb 10c 9.W-11.00 higher 


Bar, per lb H>>_ to 12c No. Wellsville Polished— 

lb 9.05-11.05 


METAL LATH— 

20 gauge lb 9.25-11.25 11-60 

Spiral Rivet**— 

Under 100 sq. yd. per price sq. J^c yd. 40c 22 and 24 gauge 11.70 


PAINTS, OILS, ETC.— less than 500 26 gauge 11-80 


Leads— , „„ 28 gauge 12.00 


Lead, American White, in OU, Galvanized— 

Conductor.) 

kegs less than 500 lbs., 15J_C 

Cents per lb. 


Lea

PLUMBER and 

STEAM FITTER 

ol. XCIV, No. 14 OCTOBER 8, 1920 $2.00 a Year 

Making Fuller Work Fool Proof 

What Would Happen if Gasoline Engines Were Adjusted with the Same 

Degree of Mechanical Skill that Fuller Work Has for Years Been Expected 

to Withstand? Wouldn't the Automobiles on Fifth Avenue Look Like 

Dead Mackerels Glistening in the Moonlight—Rarely a One Stirring? 

By Harvey A. Call 

A glance at Plate 1 shows the ease with which 

fuller work can be abused and excites admiration for 

its ability to assimilate punishment. An analysis of 

its use and abuse brings out the abnormal demands 

made upon it and shows the true reason for the 

many untenable criticisms attributing faulty, impractical 

design and construction. 

The highly polished nickel 

plated handle of a fuller 

faucet is an innocent and 

usually graceful part. However, 

when considered in its 

relation to the operation of 

the faucet, it becomes very 

clear that the handle is capable 

of transmitting enormous 

strains from which 

arise over 90 per cent, of all 

fuller troubles. That statement 

may seem far fetched. 

However, it will be found 

that facts substantiate it. 

Remember back in the 

days when you were a kid, 

every now and then you 

came in contact with some 

thing you wanted to move, 

but could not lift? Sure. 

Many the time after tensely 

following a rabbit's track for 

PLATE 1- 

an hour or more, they led to an old stone row. That 

was pie, wasn't it, especially if it was far enough away 

from the owner's house to give you a fair chance to 

dig him out? When you were hard at that job, "diggin 

and pokin" and watching every minute, gun handy, if a 

big stone was in your way, too big to lift, did that stop 

you? No. You got a stick that was long enough to 

make a good pry and pried the rock out of your way. 

When you were having all that fun, with your pal "a 

standin" on top of the wall, both hammers up, all set 

to get that rabbit if he ran out, you were using the basic 

principle of the fuller faucet—the lever. 

No one knows how old the lever is; it is one of the 

arts of earliest civilization. Its law, traceable back 

to the tribe of Daelus of Athens, 1240 B. C, determines 

that power is to weight, as length of lever, 

from point of application of weight, to neutral 

plane or fulcrum; is to, length of lever, from point of 

application of power, to fulcrum. In other words, 

that simple fundamental law 

has stood for ages. It is uncontrovertable. 

It enables 

us to establish positively 

the strains developed by the 

turn of the fuller handle. 

For example, take the 

faucet shown in Plate 1. The 

neutral plane or fulcrum is 

the line A-D which is 

the center line about which 

the handle and eccentric revolve. 

The length of lever 

between weight and fulcrum 

is the length of offset of eccentric, 

shown in illustration 

as the distance between C 

and D and marked Y. 

The power applied in 

SECTIONAL VIEW SHOWING SPRING STEM 

GUIDE AND LEVERAGE RATIO 

opening or closing the faucet 

is on the handle from A to 

B, let us assume its average, 

brings it at F. The law of 

this equasion. Power is to 

the lever applied give The actual relation of Y to X, 

weight as Y is to X. 

in the faucet illustrated, is as 1 is to 8. 

Therefore, if a force of 50 lb. is applied at F, 

the equasion would be 50 is to weight as 1 is to 8. 

This equasion is reduced by multiplying the means 

and extremes 50 X 8 and weight X 1 — result — 

400 = weight. In other words the 50 lb. force applied 

at F will force the spindle, eccentric, fuller stem, and 

ball to withstand a stress of 400 lb. 

Further, by referring to Plate 2, which shows the 

wrong adjustment of a fuller ball, the ball forced

422 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER October 8. 1920 

against the seat when the eccentric has still a quarter 

of a turn to go, it becomes apparent that in many 

cases the fuller parts have to withstand such a strain, 

bend or break. From this it is evident that for successful 

operation these unnecessary and abnormal 

strains must be prevented. There is only one way in 

which this can be done—proper adjustment. 

/Yew Washer- • 

NEW 

Eccentric 

New Stem. 

Worn Stern. 

WORN 

Eccentric 

PLATE 2—THE WEAR OF FULLER BALLS 

Little can be accomplished in trying to instill into 

the minds of users that fuller work should be used 

intelligently and that turning of handle should stop 

as soon as the flow of water ceases. Intelligent use 

is and will remain the exception. Proper adjustment 

is possible. Proper adjustment is the one path out 

of the maze of fuller difficulties. 

Plate No. 2 shows a new ball, also an old ball in 

closed position. From these two illustrations it is 

evident that if the new ball had been properly adjusted, 

as shown by Figs. 1 and 2 of Plate 3, there 

never would be any such looking old ball in existence. 

The eccentric would nearly reach the point farthest 

away from the seat as the ball closed off the flow of 

water. Under no circumstances would it pull the 

ball up as shown. 

RESULTS OF ABUSE OF FULLER WORK 

i 

That there are thousands of balls exactly similar or 

worse than the one shown in the illustration indicates 

the actual abuse to which fuller work has been subjected. 

It also clearly demonstrates the reason for 

bent eccentrics, twisted spindles, elongated stems and 

worn stuffing boxes. 

By referring to Fig. 3 and 4 of Plate 4 it will be 

clearly seen what happens to the fuller ball when improperly 

adjusted, Fig. 3 showing the reduced water 

area when the faucet is open and Fig. 4 showing the 

faucet closed when the eccentric still has a quarter 

turn to go before it reaches the farthest point from 

the seat. 

Note the point in Fig. 4 marked "seat digs ball 

here." The reason for it is plain. When tlie ball 

begins to seat, the stem is at an angle to the center 

line of faucet, forcing the ball to hit on one side 

first. It is very evident that in order to stop the 

flow of water, when the ball is thus adjusted, enough 

pressure must be used on handle to compress that 

side of the ball until the other side touches the seat. 

I'he result is excessive strain on working parts, 

twisted spindles, bent eccentrics, elongated stems, 

gouged fuller balls and worn stuffing boxes. Those 

are the ills of fuller work. The cure is as simple as 

the cause. 

Fuller balls should be adjusted on stems so 

that the ball closes when the handle of faucet 

has described an arc of 145 deg. from the point 

at which the faucet is wide open. This is shown 

by Plate 3, Fig. 1. Fuller balls adjusted in this 

manner will give satisfactory service. Excessive 

strain will be eliminated, because, if turning of hand. 

does not cease when the flow of water stops, it can 

result in a compression of the ball of less than 1/32 

in., which the resiliency of a well made ball will 

easily absorb. 

Undue force used in closing the faucet would 

result in simply turning the handle past the center. 

Side digging is prevented, as the stem is rapidly approaching 

the center line as the ball reaches the seat. 

That forces the ball to seat evenly at all points. 

IMPORTANCE OF THE GUIDE 

The stem guide, as shown in Plate 1, spring guide 

indicated by arrow marked E also guide nut on Good 

Fuller Stem shown in Fig. 5 and Plates 3 and 4, 

clearly illustrates the necessity of the guide and 

shows the impossibility of the ball dropping when 

guides are properly set. 

If this adjustment is properly made, there can 

be no bottom digging of ball by the seat. Due care in 

making these adjustments will eliminate twisted 

spindles, bent eccentrics, elongated stems, and worn 

balls. Years of satisfactory service are thus mad. 

possible by eliminating the unnecessary wear, which 

in the case of fuller work has amounted to at least 

75 per cent, of the total wear. 

Manufacturers have not been slow to recognize the 

carelessness of mechanics resulting in slip-shod repairs. 

They have placed on the market adjustable fuller 

PLATE 5 GOOD MANUFACTURING 

CO.'S ADJUSTABLE FULLER STEM 

PLATE 6 ADJUST 

ABLE FULLER BALL 

stems. The one shown in the illustration Plate 5 i= 

manufactured by the Good Manufacturing Co., 305 

East 134th street, New York City. Undue wear of 

stem and eccentric as shown in Plate 2 has been 

checkmated by making these parts of red metal, on 

account of its greater resistance to wear. 

Thousands of dollars and many years of research 

work were necessary to bring fuller balls up to the 

present high standard of perfection. To overcome the 

reluctance of shops to stock and journeymen plumbers 

to carry in their kit a large variety of adjustable 

stems, the Good Manufacturing Co. has placed on 

the market the adjustable ball shown in Plate 6 

The adjustment of this ball is made by cutting off such 

part of the extension as is necessary to spot the ball 

at the proper point on stem. Its utter simplicity pre-

October 8, 1920 P L U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER 423 

eludes every excuse for faulty adjustment, except 

ignorance or carelessness. 

Fuller adjustment is so simple, fuller work so 

satisfactory, when properly adjusted, that every effort 

is warranted in obtaining for it a chance to sail under 

its true colors. It has suffered from a multitude of 

sins not its own. Still, there are journeymen who get 

the same thrill of satisfaction in repairing fuller work, 

that the crack mechanic gets from the even, regular, 

powerful purr of the gasoline engine which he has 

just overhauled. 

BARRICADE AGAINST PRICE CUTTERS 

There are shops that equip their jobbing men 

with highest class fuller balls, stems, caps and eccentrics. 

They should be instructed in the details of 

The Psychrobook for the Heating Engineer 

A matter of considerable interest to heating and 

ventilating engineers is brought to attention by the 

E. Vernon Hill Co., with offices at 117 North Dearborn 

street Chicago, 111. The company is specializing 

m testing heating, ventilating and air conditioning 

apparatus and designing equipment and is manufacturer 

and distributor of air testing instruments, 

psychrometric and synthetic air charts, etc. 

A circular i.s devoted to the Psychrobook which is 

described as a handsome genuine leather pocketbook, 

4 X 6 in. in size, and less than y2 in. in 

thickness. It contains a full size, easily read psychrometric, 

with all the tabular data on the proper margin, 

a comfort chart that gives the desirable wet bulb 

temperature and the corresponding air motion for 

®_3CC_>» Yi«l_l 

At « / _ 

CORRECT ADJUSTMENT OF FULLER BALL WRONG ADJUSTMENT OF FULLER BALL 

making repairs, and require them to promptly substitute 

new for worn parts. Those journeymen and 

shops thereby build an impenetrable barricade which 

prevents price-cutting competitors encroaching on 

their jobbing trade. 

The cheap botch has the same chance of proving to 

those customers that fuller work is obsolete and no 

good as a would-be mechanic has in proving to the 

owner of a new Packard Car that it is no good, because 

he cannot properly repair it. The customer 

and the owner regard the service, in one case fuller 

work, in the other the car, and judge the skill the 

mechanic employed in maintaining it, by the degree 

that that service is satisfactory. 

Kewanee Co. to Entertain Heating Men 

All the members of the Chicago Master Steam Fitters' 

Association have been invited by the Kewanee Boiler 

Co. to inspect its plant in Kewanee, UL, on Wednesday, 

October 13. The company has made every arrangement 

for the comfort and pleasure of its guests, including a 

special train. 

persons at rest, doing light work, moderate and 

heavy work, under both winter and summer conditions. 

It includes a 5-in. Tycos standard nitrogen 

filled thermometer reading from zero to 220 deg. and 

a simple attachment whereby the wet bulb temiierature 

can be easily and accurately determined. This 

is packed safely with the note book, card case and 

bill book so that there is no danger of it breaking. 

It can be used by covering the dry bulb with a 

piece of specially prepared paper and wetting it on 

the tongue and then operating so as to get the same 

result as secured by the regulation spring psychrometer. 

The latter requires considerable space in 

which to use it and costing much more than the complete 

outfit described above, which has been used 

in the ventilation division of the sanitary bureau 

of the Chicago health department with a great deal of 

satisfaction. Full particulars in reference to the outfit 

is given in the circular. 

Extra Dividend for Stockholders 

Stockholders of the American Radiator Co., Chicago, 

makers of Ideal boilers for house heating, received 

an extra dividend of $1 a share on common 

stock September 22.


Step on False Pride 

Let Them Help You Help Yourself 

Something Can Be Learned from Most Any One—A Whole Lot of 

Useful Information Can be Gained from the FciLw that Specializes 

in His Field—Here Is an Opportunity to Get Specialists' Information 

The BtTnett-Larsh Manufacturing Co., Dayton, 

Ohio, makers of Duro pumps with branch offices and 

distributors in all the principal cities of the United 

States and Canada, has recently extended its sales 

policy to include a department whose purpose it 

feels to be the most important to the sanitary engineers 

of the country. 

This department consists of several special field representatives 

whose work is along strictly educational 

lines. They co-operate in every possible way with 

the distributors of Duro pumps. One of the things 

they are doing is the conducting of meetings composed 

of dealers drawn to a single point. After enjoying 

a dinner, an illustrated talk is given by one of the 

special field men, which explains the construction 

and principle of Duro water systems, methods of advertising, 

the latest and most modern systems of sales 

policies. 

A great big article could be written about the underlying 

reasons which prompted the Burnett-Larsh 

Manufacturing Co. to inaugurate the Duro dealers convention. 

That article would contain statements highly 

complimentary to the Burnett-Larsh Manufacturing 

Co. and it would deserve those compliments. But 

that article would not get the plumber anywhere who 

was selling Duro outfits. Besides it is a good thing 

to watch the fellow that is going to give you a lot 

for nothing, as well as the fellow who takes a great 

interest in the welfare of your business for nothing. 

It will therefore pay to take a good close look into this 

proposition. It is a good chance to size up where 

you and the Burnett-Larsh Manufacturing Co. fit in the 

matter. 

If we are to do that, bedrock is the start. Then 

if we are going to fit things together and find the 

proper places for all the parts, we must first know 

how many parts there are. In this case, there is 

you and it is a pretty good rule to look out for 

No. 1 first. Then there are the Burnett-Larsh Manufacturing 

Co., the Duro water systems and the 

public. 

Now let's get them one at a time, taking the publicfirst. 

We know they need pneumatic water systems 

or some system to furnish them water under pressure. 

That they do is a certain fact. 

TNEUMATIC WATER SYSTEM A GOOD INVESTMENT 

Next let us get the Duro system. There is no 

question about that being a good one. There is no 

question but that it will satisfactorily furnish water 

under pressure. Is there? Of course not. Pneumatic 

water systems are practical and a good investment 

for the public, which needs some method of supplying 

water under pressure. When you sell one to a 

prospect, there is no reason to feel ashamed of it. 

As a matter of fact you are making life easier for 

that fellow and his family. He will be happier and 

healthier, his family will be happier and healthier 

and it will be more pleasant for all. If that is so, 

then it is really your duty to sell that fellow something 

which is going to make him more comfortable. 

Now we are in this fix. We have the Duro water 

systems, which are good, and the public that needs 

them. That leaves the Burnett-Larsh Manufacturing 

Co. which makes the Duro systems and you who install 

and maintain them. The meat in the cocoanut is 

this: Is there any reason under the sun why you and 

the Burnett-Larsh Manufacturing Co. should not combine 

your energies in giving to the public what it 

needs? Is there anything but false pride that will 

keep you from combining with the Burnett-Larsh 

Manufacturing Co. in fitting them out with Duro 

water systems which they so greatly need? 

HELPING THE MAKER HELPS THE DEALER 

The fellow that is wise has got that reasoned out 

He is going to help the Burnet-Larsh Manufacturing 

Co. help him for all there is in it. Because that is 

going to make money for him. Not only that, but it 

is going to give the public more of the water systems 

and that is going to make living more comfortable 

for all. 

The Burnett-Larsh Manufacturing Co. has started 

the right thing. Unite your energy with it and with 

every other manufacturer who starts something to 

help you help yourself, by increasing the comforts 

and happiness of your neighbor. None of us knows 

it all. Step on false pride. Use every bit of assistance 

you can command. Let the Burnett-Larsh Manufacturing 

Co. show you all it knows about Duro systems 

and how to sell them. You will get something good 

out of it. By using it you will be contributing to the 

happiness and comfort of your neighbor. In doing 

this you are not out to rob your neighbor. You don't 

have to. Your profits will be bigger because of 

more sales. 

Get in touch with progressive manufacturers and 

that will encourage them to help you. Do not be 

afraid to mention PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER. That 

will show them that you have some pep because you 

are reading a paper that has a punch to it. 

The farm is not the only place where pneumatic 

water systems fit. It is one, to be sure, but there 

are thousands of places in small cities and villages 

where they are needed and where they would prove 

a profitable investment. Look your community over 

for these spots. List every last one of them. You 

have a good thing for each of them. Go tell them 

about it in your own practical way and keep plugging 

away at them with every bit of assistance you can 

summon. 

If you do this, business will come your way and 

you will clean up a good profit. Where a legitimate 

profit is to be had, make it your practice to step 

right down hard on the throttle and use your pep 

and head to get your share of it.

October 8, 1920 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 425 


Comprehensive Information on the Factors Governing 

Circulation and Their Application to Heating Buildings. 

The expansion tank is a very important factor 

in a hot-water heating system and sometimes it is not 

given the consideration which it deserves. Frequently 

the house supply tank is made to do duty as an expansion 

tank, but this should be avoided if possible, 

for sometimes attention to the draught on the heater 

is neglected. If the water in the heating system gets 

to boiling, a lot of dirt and rust is apt to be thrown 

into the tank. Besides there is danger of the water 

slopping out and doing damage to walls and ceilings 

below. 

Wherever possible it is better to use a tight steel 

tank, where there is no chance for the water to run 

over, except through the overflow designed for the 

FIG. 34—CIRCULATING 

CONNECTION TO EXPAN 

SION TANK 

FIG. 35 EXPANSION 

TANK ARRANGED FOR 

HAND FILLING 

By Edward E. Parker 

purpose. It should stand at some point above the 

highest radiator, in a warm place if possible. The 

expansion pipe leading into the bottom of the tank 

should be connected as directly as possible to the top 

of the heater, generally by means of a branch from 

the flow pipe to the nearest radiator. The overflow 

pipe should be carried to the nearest drain or sink, or, 

if no such convenience be handy, to the cellar. A 

vent pipe, to prevent siphonage and to act as another 

guard to prevent the system being sealed by frost, 

should lead from the top of the tank to the chimney, 

or other convenient point. 

The expansion tank should be of ample size and 

should have a capacity to hold 5 per cent, of the 

water in the whole system. Owing to the wide 

variation in the amount of water contained in different 

plants with practically the same amount of radiation, 

it is difficult to formulate any exact rule which would 

give the size of tank which is needed, but it is a safe 

rule to find 2j4 per cent, of the radiation in square 

feet and call that the number of gallons the expansion 

tank should contain. 

If the overflow runs out-of-doors or even through 

an unheated attic, a small expansion tank is a source 

of danger, as on cold days when the fire is forced 

more than usual, the water is expanded into the 

overflow pipe where it dribbles along, freezing as it 

Part XIV 

goes, until sufficient ice is formed to seal the vent. 

Then, there being no room for expansion, the pressure 

continues to increase until the weakest spot in the 

apparatus gives way. Probably four-fifths of the 

broken heaters and radiators are due to this cause. 

To guard against this danger every precaution 

should be taken. In some places the covering of the 

tank and the overflow pipe is all that is necessary, but 

in exposed situations it is well to run a circulating 

pipe so that the hot water will circulate into, or 

close to, the tank. The gauge glass on the side of the 

tank should be omitted and an altitude gauge placed 

on the heater. This is a great convenience at all 

times and is of especial value as a danger signal if 

the system should become sealed by frost. 

Heating contractors should be careful to instruct 

their customers to take special notice of the amount 

of water in the system when they go into the cellar 

to attend the fire on an especially cold morning. If 

the hand on the altitude gauge has dropped back to 

the starting pin, it indicates not that all the water 

has leaked out during the night, but that the overflow 

pipe has become sealed by ice and, as the 

water in the system cooled off toward morning, it 

shrunk in volume, forming a vacuum between the top 

of the water and the ice. This took away the atmospheric 

pressure, 14.7 lb., or about 32 ft. in altitude, as 

registered on the gauge. 

If new water should be put in the fire clean, 

fresh fuel put on, and the draught left open, the 

usual course of procedure on such a morning, the 

water would expand against the ice seal and then 

further expansion causing an irresistible pressure, the 

weakest part of the apparatus, probably some portion 

of the heater, would crack. To avoid such a disaster, 

whenever the altitude gauge shows in extreme 

weather that the system appears empty or that the 

water in it has piled up to an abnormal height, a 

few gallons of water should be drawn from the 

system and then the fire can be run as usual until 

the ice seal can be thawed out. 

Small relief valves which will open under unusual 

pressure, are on the market at a trifling expense and 

can be attached to the heater and just inside the draw 

off cock is a good place to put it. It provides an 

additional safeguard against breakage that should not 

be overlooked. 

An expansion tank is shown in Fig. 34 with its 

connections, which is not likely to give trouble. The 

same arrangement is shown in Fig. 35 except that it 

applies to places where there is no water supply available 

for the purpose of filling the system and so it is 

necessary that all the water be carried upstairs and 

emptied in by hand. If a pump can be installed in the 

cellar the filling of the system will be made easier. 

USE OF THE EMERGENCY DEVICE 

The emergency device shown in Fig. 36 is a simple 

contrivance, original with the author, by means of 

which any radiator on a hot water heating plant may 

be emptied of its contents and the radiator disconnect-

426 P L U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER October 8. 1920 

ed from the system, without danger of spilling any 

water in the house, the necessity of dumping the 

fire or putting the remainder of the apparatus out of 

commission. 

This device is simply a J/.-in. pipe, with a valve on 

it, leading from the bottom of the heater to some 

convenient place where waste water can be run, such 

as over a laundry tub or out of doors, the outlet 

being at some point higher than the horizontal cellar 

mains and below the level of the main floor. Its 

operation is as follows: 

When the emergency valve is opened, the water 

runs out of the expansion tank and the pipe leading 

to it down to the level of the outlet, or the line b-b, 

but does not run out of any of the radiators unless 

they are attached to the expansion tank line, because 

the water seal from the level of the line b-b, to the 

horizontal mains in the cellar effectually prevents the 

air necessary to displace the water in the radiators 

from entering. Consequently .the water is held there 

by the atmospheric pressure outside pressing the water 

in against the vacuum, exactly as it does in automatic 

ink wells, watering troughs, etc. If the air vent on 

any radiator is opened, that radiator will be emptied 

and no other unless it is attached to the same risers. 

In case of accident, or if a radiator should develop 

a leak, opening the emergency valve and leaving it 

open, will prevent any further damage until the leak 

is stopped. If the altitude gauge on some frosty morning 

shows that the overflow is stopped by ice, the 

same remedy should be applied. In case there is 

no emergency device on the system, a temporary one 

can be made in a few moments by attaching a length 

of garden hose to the draw off cock of the heater. 

running the other end out of a cellar window and 

attaching it to something so that the end of the hose 

will be about 3 in. below the main floor of the building. 

Care must be taken that there is no leak, either 

in the hose itself or where it connects with the draw 

off cock. 

To operate the thing the workman simply opens 

the emergency valve and, when the water begins to 

run slowly, opens the air cock on the radiator to be 

handled. When the water ceases to run he disconnects 

the radiator, does whatever is needed and then 

connects it up again, paying no attention whatever 

to the remainder of the system. The radiator may 

remain disconnected for a week if necessary and plugging 

the openings will not be required, but care must 

be taken that the emergency pipe is not closed, or any 

air cocks opened while the system is in this condition. 

SETTING RADIATORS DURING BUILDING OPERATIONS 

It is common to install the heating plant early in 

building operations, so that artificial heat may be 

used during process of construction. In that case 

t is usual to set up the radiators away from the 

walls, so that mechanics may work around them and 

then, when the construction work is nearly finished, 

set them back into their permanent position against the 

wall. When this is done there are generally some 

painters, paper hangers and others working in the 

building who would be seriously inconvenienced in 

cold weather if the fire had to be put out and the 

system emptied in order to make these changes. 

The emergency device does away with anv such 

necessity. All that is needed is to take down one first 

floor radiator, in the manner already described, set it 

back where it is to go, then attend to the next one in 

like manner. When all on that floor are put into the 

places that they are to occupy, all the air valves should 

be closed and then, by opening the air valves m the 

second story the hot water on that floor will run down 

into the radiators on the first floor, then those on the 

second floor can be attended to. This attachment 

should be connected to every hot water apparatus 

except those of the Mills system where all radiators 

are naturally vented. 

The thermometer is a handy, although not an absolutely 

necessary adjunct to a hot-water heating sys- 

F1G. 36 SYSTEM WITH EMERGENCY VALVE 

tem. But where there is one on the heater to show 

the temperature at which the water leaves the heater, 

there should be another on the main return pipe so 

that the loss in temperature may readily be seen, and 

a good idea obtained of the velocity with which the 

water circulates. The more sluggish the circulation, 

the greater will be the difference in the reading of the 

two thermometers. The mean between the readings 

gives the average temperature of the radiators. 

The proper method of attaching the thermometer 

to the apparatus, is not always understood and connections 

are often made which seriously interfere with 

accurate readings. Sometimes a large opening in the 

top of the heater is reduced to the proper size to take 

the thermometer, by the use of numerous bushings, 

and the bulb of the thermometer hardly reaches the 

water at all. The only proper way to attach a thermometer, 

is to have it so arranged that the entire bulb 

is always wholly immersed in the water. 


Eagle Picher Lead Co. Extending Plant 

A machine shop, furnace building, power plant and 

other structures will be erected by the Eagle Picher 

Lead Co., Railway Exchange Building, St. Louis, at 

iH new plant at East St. Louis, 111., contract for 

which has been let to the Wimmer Contracting Co., 

Victoria Building, St. Louis. The work, with machinery, 

is esimated to cost about $500,000.

October 8. 1920 P L U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER 427 

Stop'em Before They Start—Leaks, of Course 

You Can Avoid Annoying Your Customer and Protect Yourself 

Against Unnecessary Expense—and Remember the Quick 

and Clean Finish Impresses Every Customer with Your Ability 

Compounds used in plumbing or heating systems 

eliminate all those stubborn little leaks by stopping 

them as soon as they start, thus saving dollars for 

the plumber and removing the cause of many disputes 

between owner and contractor. 

Many a little leak has had the plumber's or fitter's 

goat. Every plumber or fitter who has put in his 

time with the tools is familiar with the blankety- 

h 

LEAKS WASTE 

.DOLLARS 

THE TIME TO STOP THEM IS BEFORE THEY START 

blank-blank and then some drip coming from the spot 

on the fitting or thread that could not be gotten at 

to be caulked and could not be left to take up, as in 

the meantime it was damaging the walls or floors. 

They are the ones that Billingsgate was made for 

but even the choicest and most effective line of Billingsgate 

would not affect or stop that little drop 

from occurring with consistent and exasperating 

regularity. 

We are just emerging from the age when two distinct 

methods were employed by plumbers and fitters 

for overcoming or rather disposing of small leaks. 

One class, had a reputation of being rather careless 

fir slack mechanics, because of explanations to customers 

that leaks were bound to appear in all new 

work, and that the drips would stop or rust up in the 

course of a few hours. The result was a lot of talk 

and numerous tin pans or pails placed about to catch 

the water from the drip until such time as Dame 

Nature came to the rescue of the plumber or fitter by 

plugging the orifice, causing the leak, with particles 

of dirt, held, in suspension by the water passing 

through, or through oxidization of the sides of the 

orifice, known as rustling up. 

In cases where the leaks were of considerable size 

this class of plumbers or fitters resorted to putting 

bran, corn meal, rice, lime, sal ammoniac, acid, or 

similar substances in the system to expedite the process 

of nature in extricating them from the difficulty. 

Although these ingredients did materially assist in 

Stopping the leak, each of them had a detrimental 

effect on the system in which they were used. 

Many times the leak continued for days, weeks 

or months, often not stopping at all. The sequence 

was ill feeling of the customer toward the plumber 

or fitter and vice versa, often resulting in court action 

and loss to both owner and contractor. Always the 

plumber or fitter wastes valuable time in bluffing the 

owner, to gain time for his makeshift methods to 

come to his rescue and to stop the leak.. 

Another class of plumbers and fitters used more 

foresight and a policy "stop 'em at any cost." They 

used the best cutting equipment with high grade 

lard oil, kept their dies sharp and in good condition 

and used the best cement in making up joints. They 

exercised every precaution to erect the work in such 

a manner that it be as free from leaks as possible. 

This effort was successful to large extent. However, 

stubborn leaks developed in spite of all precautions. 

These the plumber or fitter attacked in the spirit of 

do or die. If they could not at once be caulked 

permanently tight, out came the fitting and a new 

one placed in its stead. The job had to be absolutely 

free from leaks when left. This built reputation for 

the shop. It also cost money. 

Testing costs were abnormal. Profits disappeared. 

Losses took their place. On hard luck jobs, still it 

was the best known method of meeting and remedying 

these defects as they arose. While the owner in some 

cases had to pay the cost, he in turn had a tight job 

for his money. In many cases it devolved upon the 

contractor. 

HOW THEY USED To FIX 'EM 

This condition was not ideal, in fact it was unfair. 

It made it imperative that the contractor include in 

his estimate a guess as to what the cost of repairing 

leaks would be. In some cases it cost less and in some 

cases more than the amount of his guess. The contractor 

stood to win or lose in every case, and the 

owner to lose in every case as the amount placed in 

the contract estimate by the contractor to cover the 

repairs of leaks was in every case more than the

cost or present day modern compo-inds that quickly 

and positively accomplish the same results. 

There is no longer need for any guess work or 

trouble or worry over stubborn leaks. Chemical 

research has developed several compounds that can 

be used with plumbing or heating systems and that 

vvill quickly and positively stop the leaks. These compounds 

are of proven merit. They have demonstrated 

time after time the practical saving afforded 

and the fact that they do no damage, but in fact 

re beneficial to the systems where used. 

ALL ARGUMENTS OVER LEAKS CAN BE EASILY PREVENTED 

BY USING COMPOUND 

SURE CURE FOR STUBBORN LEAKS 

These results make it practical that compounds 

should be included in estimates. By doing this th" 

contractor would be safeguarding himself against 

annoyance and loss incurred in stopping small leaks 

and the owner would get all for which he was paying—a 

system that would automatically stop that 

type of leaks as soon as it occurred. The cost wou'd 

b; much less than either of the old methods employed 

and more satisfactory to all. 

The open season during which boiler compounds 

cm be used in hunting leaks of all the various 

sizes ?nd finds extends throughout the year. Plumbers 

and steam fitters using compounds consistently 

throughout the year, are sure to bring home the 

bacon in the shape of more profit, cleaner, quicker 

finishes, and increased prestige. 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER October 8. 1920 

Philadelphia, Pa., announces the appointment of the 

following officers and committees: 

DIRECTORS: Frank B. Lasette, 238 W. 108th street, 

New York City; W. W. Hughes, 1514 E. Franklin 

avenue, Minneapolis, Minn.; John S. Irvine, 2889 

Woodward avenue, Detroit, Mich.; Harry L. Hanson, 

Butte, Mont.; Harry J. Farrell, 100 Linden street, 

Camden, N. J.; Andrew L. Curtin, 46 High street 

Medford, Mass.; J. W. Hull, 239 South Bellevue 

Boulevard, Memphis, Tenn.; John J. Volgelpohl, 4156 

Hamilton avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio; John Hokom, 4312 

Moneta avenue, Los Angeles, Cal.; L. A. Tompkins 

11 West Fifth street, Charlotte, N. C; and B. w! 

Warren, 609 San Jocinto street, Houston, Texas. 

TRADE EXTENSION BUREAU: Frank B. Lasette 238 

West 108th street, New York City, President July 1 

1920 to December 31, 1920; D. F. Durkin 'jr 108 

South Twentieth street, Philadelphia, Pa, President 

January 1, 1921, to June 30, 19__1; Toseph W. Cnanon, 

11323 Michigan avenue, Chicago, 111.; L. McNamara, 

5376 Easton avenue, St. Louis, Mo • W H 

Doyle, 307 S. Smedley street, Philadelphia, Pa.- and 

A. C. Eynon, 236 Walnut Street, N. E. Canton 

Ohio. 

EDUCATIONAL COMMITTEE: Richard Turner, Chairman, 

27 East Northampton street, Wilkes-Barre Pa • 

A. A. Zertanna, 4337 Manchester avenue, St. Louis' 

Mo.; Edward Kanney, 614 Monroe street, La Porte' 

Ind.; James H. Aitken, 518 Carondelet street New 

Orleans, La.; J. L. Hulteng, Grand Forks, N. D • 

and C. E. Cole, 312 North Twenty-first street Birmingham, 

Ala. 

ESSAY COMMITTEE: J. A. Sprouls, Chairman, 301 

Monmouth avenue, Jersey City, N. J.; J. B Mc 

Farland, Plaza, Cumberland, Md.; George S. Bull 3 

Ford place, Hartford, Conn.; George J. Loughlin, 

7531 Cottage Grove avenue, Chicago, 111.; and W M' 

Logan, 1422 North Sixth street, Harrisburg, Pa. 

STANDARDIZATION COMMITTEE: James E. Baggot 

Chairman, 55-57 Lake street, Chicago, 111.; George H 

Drake, 218 Lexington avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.; John 

H. keane, 207 Fulton building, Pittsburgh, Pa.; R. 

T. Rock, 102 South avenue, Bridgeport, Conn.; and 

Frederick A. Wilson, 328 Mason street, San Francisco, 

Cal. 

CONFERENCE COMMITTEE: Walter D. Nolan, Chairman, 

1320 New York avenue, Washington, D. C.; 

Williani J. Flynn, 3rd and Tremont avenue, New 

York City; Charles H. Frederick, 317 Park avenue 

Baltimore, Md.; Frank J. Fee, 292 Avenue B, New 

York City; and William M. Anderson, 600 Schuylkill 

avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Notable Contracts for Chicago Companies 

_ h. H. Prentice Co., 330 Sherman street, Chicago, 

l'l., will do the heating work in the new $150,000 

factory building being built for Morris Goldschmidt 

& Co., at 600 South Marshfield avenue. The plumb- 

'ng will be done by Jones & Jacoby, 426 Plymouth 

crescent, Chicago. 

E. J. Caffey & Co., 350 North Clark street, Chicago, 

Plumb-'ng Directors and Committees Appointed 

will do the heating in a new high school buildino- in 

Waukegan, 111., and will install the heating plant in 

D. F. Durkin, Jr., president of the National Associa an addition to the telephone exchange at f454 West 

tion of Master Plumbers, 108 South Twentieth street, Nineteenth street.

October 8. 1920 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 429 

Modern Plumbing Work in the Skyscraper 

The Problems Met in Designing and Installing Plumb'ng in the 

Modern Skyscraper Are Interesting in That They Show That 

Plumbers and Plumbing Have Kept Pace with other Industries. 

Down on lower Broadway in New York City there 

is in the course of erection anotlier skyscraper in 

the shape of an office building to be known as the 

Cunard building. It is being erected for the Cunard 

Steamship Co. To be exact it is located on the 

southwest corner of Broadway and Morris street on 

a plot of ground 203 ft. 1% in. on Broadway by 

248 ft. 2 in. on Morris street by 231 ft. ljHj in. on 

Greenwich street, all that portion of the block lyingnorth 

of Bowling Green building. The building will 

be of steel skeleton frame, fireproof construction and 

22 floors in height, with basement and sub-basement. 

The building plans were made in the office of 

B. W. Morris, architect, 101 Park avenue, New York- 

City. It is being erected by Todd, Irons & Robertson, 

101 Park avenue, New York City. Clyde R. Place, 

70 East Forty-fifth street, New York City is the 

consulting engineer for the building and in his office 

the plans and specifications of plumbing, fire lines, 

water supply and leader lines were prepared under 

the immediate supervision of Edward A. Bernstrom. 

That part of the work is being installed by the W. G 

Cornell Co., Forth avenue and Seventeenth street, New 

York City. Mr. Simmons, secretary of the Cornell 

company, is the directing head in prosecuting the 

work. 

There is one significant fact which becomes pronounced 

when one considers this or a similar skyscraper. 

These buildings would not be possible, practicable 

or tenable if they had no modern p'umbing and 

heating equipment. R< al plumbers are installing that 

equipment. The W. G. Cornell Co. is composed of 

practical men who have worked up through the ranks, 

efficiency being the stepping stones to their present 

position 11 —proof that men starting with the tools can 

fit themselves to handle the largest undertaking. Conscientious, 

hard work to bpftPr ones-self and increase 

knowledge is the keynote to success. From this it will 

be seen that these same skyscrapers are monuments to 

the progress of plumbing and plumbers. 

One roof tank shall be installed and connected up 

as soon as the steel is erected. One of the permanent 

pumps shall be installed immediately thereafter or a 

temporary pump furnished by the plumbing contractor, 

using the permanent discharge line to the roof. As 

soon as the roof tank is in commission the two 

temporary risers shall be connected to same. 

In the construction of the building there shall be 

provided and connected up with water and drainage on 

every fourth floor a workmen's temporary toilet, 

10 ft. long, known as a stool sink. They will be 

located on the building floor as directed and will be 

maintained by the plumbing contractor. 

That responsibility for retarded progress in any 

portion of the work may be promptly and accurately 

ascertained, each trade is held responsible for the 

progress of its own work. It is therefore necessary 

(hat the plumbing contractor make his own arrangements 

for the distribution of his material to the 

various floors and such trenching as is necessary for 

his pipes, other than fast rock. When it is considered 

that there will be installed in this budding, 

when complete, 1671 fixtures, it will be seen that 

the distribution of the material throughout the building 

is a good sized contract by itself. Therefore an 

inefficient plan of distribution would cause considerable 

loss and be the means of slowing up the work. 

ADAPTABILITY OF METERIALS USED 

PLUMBING SPECIFICATIONS EXPLICIT 

One of the fundamental considerations in the design 

of sanitary systems in structures of this typhis 

the adaptability of material for the purposes needed. 

In this particular building the house sewers and all 

sewage pipes buried under the ground are of extra 

'eavy cast iron pipe, weight 13 lb. per foot. Above 

•hat point all drainage stacks, waste and vent lines and 

branches are genuine wrought iron pipe, galvanized, 

of Reading Iron Co. or Byers manufacture. 

The fittings used with the cast iron pipe are of 

the grade known to the trade as extra heavy grey 

iron. The fittings used on drainage stacks, waste and 

vent lines and branches are full weight, galvanized, 

The specifications covering this part of the work recessed drainage fittings of long sweep design. 

as prepared in Mr. Pace's office by Mr. Bernstrom are All cold water piping including risers from pumps, 

very explicit and little is left to the imagination. Combined 

with the plumhing layout the scope and detail of 

the work is well ard c'earlv defined. 

It will be clearly seen from the following excerpts 

from the plumbmg specifications that when the job 

is started the plumbers get there pronto. Upon 

notice from the builder the plumbing contractor 

shall install in sub-basement and connect up a 

temporary electric pump of ample capacity and two 

2-in. risers up through the building to given locations. 

These risers shall follow the erection of the 

fire stands and leader connections are of genuine 

wrought iron pipe of Reading Iron Co. or Byers 

manufacture above the twelfth floor. Below that 

point all risers from pumps, fire stands and cold 

water piping are of extra heavy galvanized genuine 

wrought iron pipe. 

The fittings used on the extra heavy pipe are extra 

heavy galvanized cast iron fittings. The fittings on 

cold water 1 ties ai.-ove the twelfth floor are full 

weight âlvari'ed râ'lf'^b'e fitti""s up to the 2-in. 

S 

budding and have installed thereon at each floor two 

hose b'bbs on each riser, with connection to water 

barrel. This means two water barrels on each floor 

and four hose bibbs. The water barrels shall be 

arranged so that they shall overflow into a barrel on 

the floor below and the lowest barrel into the sewer. 

1 'ze. Above that size they are full weight galvanized 

cast iron. 

The pipe used for installing the gas lines and 

branches is genuine wrought iron pipe, black, of 

Reading Iron Co. or Byers manufacture. The fittings 

used on the gas pipe 2 in. and under are full 

weight galvanized," malleable fittings. All fittings

430 

over 2 

tings. 

P L U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER October 8, 1920 

are full weight, galvanized cast iron fit- 

To avoid the reduction in the thickness of the pipe 

all nipples on the work having an unthreaded portion 

of less than \y2 in. in length are cut from extra heavy 

pipe This applies to all drainage stacks, waste and 

vent hues and branches, cold water lines and branches 

leader connections, gas mains and branches and fire 

stands. 

The pipe used for hot water is full weight iron 

pipe size brass pipe, tin lined, thoroughly annealed, 

tested to 1000 lb. water pressure per square inch The 

fittings used in connection with the brass pipe are of 

extra heavy or cast iron pattern cast brass fittings 

of iron pipe size, the finish corresponding with the 

quality and finish of pipe. This includes the brass 

pipe and fittings exposed at fixture. 

The joints between cast iron pipe are made in the 

customary manner, using picked oakum and molten 

lead, not over y in. ring of oakum used in any joint. 

Screwed joints are made up with pure white lead, the 

lead being applied to thread on outside of 'pipe 

only, no lead being placed on threads of fittings. 

No lead pipe is used except a short piece 

to make the connection between 

the waste line and the 

closets. 

Sv/hr Wast-e Abate floor 

Sodcr H_*ifrr Undrrr Hoot 

Ver&PtpmQ 

Cold Watvr 

Hvf- Wa+tr 

Pump Riser 

0__ Piping 

Fire Lino 

SUB BASEMENT PLUMBING PLAN OF CUNARD BUILDING 

This short piece of lead is fastened to a brass solder 

nipple by means of a wiped joint and the soldering 

nipple is screwed into the branch fitting, thus completing 

the connection. The vent branch for closets 

is taken from this connection. 

As will be seen by referring to the sub-basement 

plan, the sanitary system in the body of building is 

connected directly through house traps to city sewage. 

An idea of the magnitude of the work is gained 

by the sizes of waste and supply lines as shown on 

plans, there being four 10-in. sewer connections to 

city sewers, two 5-in. and one 3-in. water connection 

from city water mains. These water connections are 

Iirovided with full size gate valves, fish traps, meters, 

check valves, test tees and gate valve as shown on 

plan at entrance into building, from which point they 

are conducted to a duplicate surge tank 16 X 10 X 

9 ft. located in sub-basement. 

The water level in the surge tank is maintained 

by means of a float ball valve and the water connections 

are by-passed so that 

the water can flow

October 8, 1920 P L U M B E R A N D STEAM FITTER 

direct to the pumps. From the surge tank water is 

drawn by suction in duplicate cross connected electrically 

driven centrifugal pumps of 200 gal. capacity 

per minute and discharged into two cross connected 

steel storage tanks located on the' roof. These 

tanks are each 15 X 9 ft. and made of ^-in. boiler 

plate. From the house tanks the water is distributed 

SECTION OF PLUMBING RISER DIAGRAM, CUNARD BUILDING 

to fixtures throughout the building as shown by the 

typical section of plumbing riser plan. 

Lavatories have J^-in., showers, sinks, trays, tubs 

and slop sinks, y~'m. hot and cold water connections. 

Urinals have y-'m. cold water only, and closets have 

114-in. cold to flushing valves. 

By referring to the plumbing riser plan it will be 

seen that this building is 318 ft. from the street level 

431 

to roof, where tanks are located. If there were no 

regulating valves used, the pressure of water at the 

fixtures on the first floor would be approximately 

138.3 lb. per square inch. To avoid this excessive 

pressure regulating valves are installed as shown on 

the riser plan. As will be seen the regulating valve 

mi the cold water lines are installed" in the pipe 

l.ne shaft each valve regulating the cold water pressure 

to the fixtures on three of the floors supplied by that 

ne. The regulating valves are of the Ford H. W. 

type, yA to \y2 in. and Ford L. type on 2 in. 


Rip Van Winkle Slept for Twenty Years 

That is not true of the American Society of Heating 

and Ventilating Engineers. It has originated 

and is executing a program of expending $20,000 

per year for 5 years to complete engineering research 

n the following subjects: Radiant Heat Loss from 

Steam Radiators, Heat Losses from Pipes Buried 

in the Ground, Circulation of Water in Hot Water 

Systems, Heat Losses Through Various Building Materials, 

Electrical Method of Testing Radiators, Infiltration 

Through Various Forms of Building Construction, 

Relation Between Outside Wall Temperatures 

and Dew Point, Standardization of Dust Measurements, 

Checking Application of Heating Boiler 

Testing Code. 

This work will result in great benefit to all who 

closely follow the result of the research. Every heating 

and ventilating engineer needs this information. 

It will enable him to more intelligently perform his 

work. It will clear away to a large degree uncertainty 

now existing in regard to these subjects. The work is 

essential and needs to be done. 

The progress of the industry is dependent on the 

attitude of those connected with it. A passive attitude 

spells stagnation. This should not and will not obtain. 

The worthy work of the American Society of Heating 

•nd Ventilating Engineers is started. It will be 

finished. All should enjoy its benefits and should 

earn the right to participate in those benefits by 

helping in the achievement of this worthy effort. 

Every heating and ventilating engineer can help. 

'"here is an urgent need for funds at present for 

expansion of the work now in progress. Full information 

as to how best you can aid the society and in 

doing so obtain the data of research results as they 

are compiled can be had bv addressing C. W. Obert, 

ecretary of the society, at 29 West Thirty-ninth 

street, New Ynrk Citv. 

ce Engage in this worthy work. It will make you 

nroud to be numbered among those whose efforts have 

J ride possible the achievement which will result. 

Central Supply Co. New Catalogue 

The plumbing trade in the northwest covered by 

the Central Supply Co., 312-316 Third street, Minneapolis, 

Minn., is apprised of the fact that a new 

catalogue is in the hands of the printer and will be 

issued in the near future. It will show the extensive 

line of heating and plumbing supplies and supplies 

for factories which the company carnes. Enclosed 

with the announcement is a circular of a tank heater 

for immersion in the watering tanks used on farms 

for stock in the winter season and for heating 

water for various industrial purposes as well as on 

farms.


TheHalf Breed That Costs Money 

Eliminate as Far as Possible Every Element 

of Uncertainty from Your Bid 

Estimates are so vital and important an element of supplied is unpardonable. In making estimates for 

business that every bid should be based on real new work in old buildings or in buildings where no 

estimates that include the cost of material, cost of special places or provisions are made by the architect 

labor, cost of overhead and a profit separately com or builder for the installation of plumbing and heatputed. 

Bids which are not based on separate estiing work, calculations of the quantity of pipe, fittings 

mates of these various items are guesses. There is no and labor are of necessity approximations or guesses. 

use in trying to fool one's self into believing that Conditions arise on all these jobs which modify the 

that statement does not apply in his case as he amount of these items required in completing the 

knows that the estimate is right. That is only getting work. Rarely do two of these jobs present identical 

more deeply into the mire. 

It is a common statement that figures don't lie. 

The kind we are considering do not. The problem 

then resolves itself into this: A plumber or fitter either 

working conditions. Therefore, these items must 

figures the cost of his material, figures the cost of 

his labor, figures the cost of overhead, and against 

the sum of these figures a legitimate profit, the total 

of all being the sum of his bid or he does not base 

his estimate on figures. 

Now, if he does not figure any of these items, 

THE ACCURATE ESTIMATE IS PROOF OF YOUR ABILITY. IT 

IS A BUSINESS GETTER THAT INSURES PROFITS 

be based on the best approximations that experien 

can render. However, these approximations should 

be carefully checked from job to job to ascertain 

the amount of error in the computation, thus insuring 

against loss through over confidence. 

Other than these approximations guess work should 

be eliminated. The cost of material entering the work 

can and should be carefully computed to the last 

penny. The number of days work carefudy and finally 

approximated, the cost should be figured and entered 

in estimate as the cost of that item. 

The cost of overhead, on which volumes have been 

written, is a simple matter. It should include every 

WHY TAKE THE RISK IN JUMPING? IT PAYS TO GO OVER 

expense incurred in doing business other than money 

expended for labor and material on which equal col 

THE SAFE ROUTE 

lectable charges are made. In other words it should 

include the tradesman's personal salary, office and un 

and bids for the work, it is very apparent that productive he labor salaries and expenses, rent, light, 

guesses. Perhaps he figures the cost of the material, 

cost of labor and adds a profit without figuring his 

overhead. The result is the same. He guesses. In 

the first instance he relies on his knowledge to protect 

him in making the guess. In the next instance 

lie bases part of his estimate on figures and the rest 

on guess. 

The result may be a half breed, but it never gets 

out of the guess family. More than that, bids based 

on those half breed estimates have been a constant 

menace to the plumbing and heating fraternity in YOU CANNOT BE BLUFFED OUT OF PROFITS WHEN YOUR 

that they have been largely responsible for the vast 

ESTIMATE IS BASED ON FIGURES 

amount of cutthroat competition existent, all of 

which has reacted to the detriment of the industry heat, telephone, transportation, loss account, wea 

as well as to the best interests of the public. 

tear, and all similar expenses incurred as a direct 

There is so much approximation or guess work charge necessitated in the operation of the business 

which cannot at one jump be eliminated in mak-n" The cost of all these items should be charged proestimates 

that guessing where figures can be readily 

(Continucd on Page 433)

October 8. 1920 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

E PATH THAT LEADS 


The Bank Is the Store Where Money is Sold—Money Is Not 

an Intangible Something That Is Impossible to Get—Money 

Is the One Kind of Material That You Put into Every Job 

The mere act of buying money from the bank 

incurs no obligation other than that of buying material 

from the jobber. Why is it then, that the 

average small business man is afraid of the banker? 

Perhaps it is partially due to the attitude of bankers 

or money lenders of the old days who thought that 

they were little tin gods and accepted every opportunity 

to impress that fact upon borrowers. They 

felt their power and had an exaggerated idea of 

their importance. Assuming an air of great dignity 

and wisdom, they seemed to take pride in turning 

down applicants for accommodation. 

Some of the awe inspired in that period may have 

been inherited by the present generation. Banks 

have changed since the old days and there is no 

longer need of the fear on the part of any business 

man. Be he large or small he can go to his banker 

and get courteous treatment and accommodation to 

the limit of his ability through his work. 

The banker will ask questions, certainly. He will 

want to know how you are p'anning to pay for the 

money you want to buy. He will want to know 

what source or sources you have from which you 

ca~ cret the necessary money with which to pay for 

what you have purchased in case all your plans of 

payment do not work as you expect. It is a business 

proposition with the bank. It is eager to sell money, 

the more it sells, the more it makes. 

Your credit at the bank will be based on just four 

things; real estate, endorsements, goods and character. 

The banker considers that it depends more on your 

character than on your capital. The four fundamental 

principles of character on which you will be 

judged are: First, health, ability to work; second, indurtry, 

willingness to work; third, persistency, continuity 

of work; and fourth, reliability, dependability 

of work. 

BANKER GUAGES YOUR CREDIT VALUE 

As to character you need not worry, you are what 

you are and the banker knows it. He knows your 

reputation and your standing. It is his business to 

look a fellow clean through, to look down into his 

soul, and to judge whether he is honest and has grit, 

if he has sense and wisdom. He mâûres his man 

and then measures out the credit against that man. 

There is nothing disgraceful or degrading for business 

men to go to their banks for funds with which 

to finance their business. The banker so thoroughly 

discovers the character and assets in order that he 

can accurately determine what amount it is safe for 

the bank to loan you. The point is that in the 

majoritv of cases it is not safe for your own sake 

to borrow more than the bank is willing to loan. But, 

if it is safp for the bank to loan you wh^t you want 

and vou need it and can, with reasonable certainty, 

p'an for its return, then by all means you should go 

to your bank and borrow rather than work along 

433 

with your mind distracted with worry and your hands 

half tied. 

If you need material for a job, you buy it. When 

you need additional tools or equipment, you buy them. 

Yet buying material or equipment is really borrowing 

it until such time as the bills are paid. In the same 

manner you should act as regards money. When you 

need, and careful consideration shows that you can 

turn it over to advantage, you should go to your 

bank and buy money. 

Keep in touch with your banker; tell him of the 

kind of work you are doing; where your funds are 

tied up; how payments are coming in, new contracts 

which you have under way; profits and overhead costs 

figured, and how your business is developing. Make 

him feel that you are on the level and consider him 

entitled to all the information you have about your 

business. 

When in doubt as to financial problems, go to 

your banker for advice. He knows financing and 

will be glad to assist you to the limit of his ability. 

The success of your banking business will depend 

upon the attitude you assume toward your banker. 

The Half Breed that Costs Money 


portionately to the work being done; therefore a 

proportionate share shou'd go into and form a part 

of every estimate and this will be entered as the cost 

of overhead in estimating. With this information 

a profit can be estimated with reasonable accuracy. 

Otherwise the profit will be a mere guess, which in 

most cases is entirely too small and in a great many 

cases is not a profit but a portion of overhead expense. 

Profit is the part of the business that absolutely 

determines one's ability as a business man. Any one 

can get more work than he can do if he does it 

for nothing, or pays someone to let him do it. In 

many cases that is what it amounts to. A business 

man can only be fair to all his customers by making 

a fair profit on each. In order to do this he must 

include a proportionate share of overhead and the 

same rate of profit in all estimates given or bills rendered 

for work done. Business built on this basis 

will prosper. Further than that it will produce 

for its owner an ever-increasing prestige among the 

people of his community freeing him from many 

petty complaints, thus adowing him to use his energy 

in doing greater and more satisfactory things. 

It is a vital mistake to mislead yourself into thinking 

you are making a profit. Know. Keep a record 

of costs, compare them frequently. It is your duty 

to reduce co

434 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER October 8, 1920 

How the Shop Owner May Learn 

to Buy and Manage Better 

A Few Thoughts and Suggestions on Getting Ideas Which 

Help in Buying, Managing and Cutting Costs Generally 

Only one man out of every twenty that starts a 

business of his own succeeds, so it has been stated by 

a commercial agency whose business it is to keep close 

tabs on such statistics. 

WHY DO SO MANY MEN FAIL 

That is a rather high percentage, and when one 

stops to think of it the question naturally arises: 

"What is the reason why so many men fail"? 

Is business success a matter of luck or ability? 

If it is luck, then what is the use of trying? Why 

not take things as they come and trust to luck to get 

a living? 

If it is ability, then there is every incentive to 

become a more able man in your line of work and 

consequently more successful. 

ANY MAN HAS ONLY HIMSELF TO THANK FOR SUCCESS 

OR FAILURE 

An analysis of the general situation must lead to the 

conclusion that luck plays little if any part in business 

success. The man who succeeds has in the great 

majority of cases only himself to thank for his success. 

Similarly the man who fails has only himself to 

blame. 

The line of business cannot be blamed, for there is 

little variation in the percentage of failures in all 

lines of business. 

YOUNG MECHANICS NO CHANCE TO LEARN BUSINESS 

The whole cause for success or failure seems to 

rest right with the individual who starts in business 

for himself although it would almost seem that in 

certain of the building trades the percentage might 

reasonably be expected to be higher, for the simple 

reason that the young shop owner has not had the 

opportunity to learn the business side of the business 

as the young owner in other lines. 

Take for example, the young man working in a 

lumber dealer's office. He is in close touch with all 

the business details of the office and the business. He 

gets an insight into the buying, estimating and selling 

as well as financing methods. He learns how his employer 

does his banking, how he buys, how he gets his 

business and he gets a good idea of costs generally. 

WITH THE PLUMBER IT IS DIFFERENT 

But with the young plumber or steam fitter, let 

us say, it is vastly different. A young man in this 

line works in the shop. He seldom if ever has an 

opportunity to learn the first detail of what goes on in 

the office. His work is confined to the shop—to the 

production of the work, and outside of becoming 

familiar with the mechanical side, with the tools and 

materials and the method of erecting the work, he has 

no chance to learn the business. All he learns is the 

trade. The business side of the industry remains as 

foreign to him as if he were not engaged in the line 

at all. 

And yet thousands of young- men are going into 

business in these lines for tbemselves every year. 

The wonder is that even a few succeed, even after 

buying their success by bitter experience. 

MEN WHO SUCCEED ARE THE MEN WHO TRY 

The only explanation that seems to satisfy is that 

these young men who succeed take full advantage 

of every opportunity to fit themselves to become better 

TWO EXCELLENT SOURCES OF INFORMATION 

The one you know about and appreciate. You may be overlooking the 

other. Better make sure that you are not. 

managers. They do not let a chance slip to overcome 

the handicap of lack of business training under 

which they started for themselves. 

WHERE HELPFUL INFORMATION IS OBTAINED 

It is true that these young men frequently do get 

a great deal of help from the trade papers, and 

many of them will attribute much of their success to 

the information on business topics which they obtained 

through their trade papers. But the object of 

this article is not to emphasize the value of the reading 

pages of a trade paper to the shop owner. It is 

rather to bring to his attention another valuable


source of information which has helped many a man 

in buying, managing and keeping his costs down 

generally. 

Are you justified in thinking that all the manufacturer 

is after is your money on one order? You 

should know that successful business is not done that 

way these days. The inanufacturer does not make 

A SOURCE OF INFORMATION OFTEN OVERLOOKED 

his profit out of the first order. It is the repeat order 

that counts—the satisfied customer, for it costs only a 

It is a source of information that is in the large fraction to get a repeat order from a satisfied cus 

majority of cases either totally neglected or greatly tomer of what it costs to get the first order from a 

undervalued and under-used. Reference is made to new customer. 

the free information which the manufacturer will give 

when special problems are put up to him and through MANUFACTURER MUST DELIVER THE GOODS 

his catalogues and trade literature generally. 

Therefore the manufacturer of today realizes that 

Often and often manufacturers spend hundreds and he has to deliver the goods, and part of that delivery 

even thousands of dollars compiling catalogues, em consists in passing out real helpful information 

bodying in them, information of the most helpful through his trade literature. He knows that one way 

kind, only to have many of them thrown into the to create a good impression is to give some real help 

waste basket when distributed generally, and in so to prospective customers and in that way they are 

many other cases not one-quarter read. 

bound to remember him. 

This is unfortunately true even in the cases of Take the case of this Borden circular and the head 

catalogues which in reality are handbooks of informaing referred to—"Cut Your Labor Cost." That in 

tion in their particular line of work. This is especially itself, if it can be done, is a good way to increase 

true sav in the case of fan manufacturers who em your profits. 

body in their catalogues tables which are almost in So this heading should make the one who receives 

dispensable to the many who design fan blast and ex it want to read further. Here is what he will find: 

haust systems. 

"Did you ever figure what it costs you to change dies 

But aside from the technical information which in an ordinary die stock? How much time is spent 

many of these catalogues contain, there are other cata fur loose dies and bushings? Do you know that you 

logues and even modest circulars from which the can cut a thread with a 'Heaver' in the time that 

young shop owner, and often the older shop owner it takes to change the dies with most tools? You 

also, may obtain considerable help in a business way. cannot afford today to use poor or worn out tools." 

There is enough in those few words to make any or 

A CHANCE TO PROFIT BY ABILITY OF OTHERS 

all of the nineteen unsuccessful out of every twenty 

men do a little thinking. No man has a right to com 

It must be remembered that the manufacturers spend plain of the high cost of production unless he 

a great deal of money in compiling this literature thinks out those statements to their final conclusions 

and engage men of special ability to do the work. and see how he can reduce his producing costs. 

The catalogue or other trade literature therefore reflects 

the ability of these men and in this very fact WHO IS TO BLAME FOR HIGH COSTS BUT YOURSELE 

there is promise of an opportunity on the part of the 

man who receives the catalogue to learn something 

from the able man who compiled the catalogue. 

The study of trade literature will result in bringing 

to one many helpful ideas. It is one source of information 

which has already proved helpful to many 

a man. It will bring new ideas—thoughts and suggestions 

which if followed through will result in making 

the shop owner a more capable business man—a 

more intelligent buyer and a better all round business 

man. 

The incident which suggested this article especially 

was the receipt of an especially attractive and complete 

circular from the Borden Co., Warren, Ohio, 

naturally devoted to its die stocks. 

If your costs are high, who is to blame? Have you 

done everything you could do to keep those costs 

down—to cut them, or when you have had a chance 

to cut them by following out some suggestion just 

like this, have you passed it up, considering that this 

was just advertising bunk? 

If you have followed the latter course, and you are 

unsuccessful, then you have only yourself to blame for 

the lack of success. It is just another incident which 

proves that luck plays a very small part in business 

success or failure. It lies with the man himself. 

And to show that there are other suggestions to 

be gained from circulars of this kind, here is a quotation 

from another page: 

"The only answer to mounting labor costs is greater 

CUTTING YOUR LABOR COSTS 

ease and speed in production. Users are more willing 

than ever to pay a higher price for a more efficient 

tool." 

Follow the idea of the circular through. The Borden 

people had this circular prepared to convev the 

idea to the plumber and steam fitter that he can cut 

his labor costs and consequently make more money 

by using efficient pipe threading and cutting equipment. 

The company wants to get that idea across to 

the buyer, relying upon its own ability to have its 

tools make good to reimburse it for putting out such 

a circular. 

There is one caption on one of the pages of this 

circular which in itself should be sufficient in these 

days of high costs to make the man who receives it 

go through it carefully. This heading is: "Cut your 

labor costs." 

And right here is where a good many men fall 

down. When they read such a sentence on a piece 

of printed matter too many are likely to think it is a 

catch phrase designed only to get the attention of the 

reader. 

It may be in some cases, but if you are one of the 

nineteen men out of the twenty who are not making a 

success can you afford to run the risk of throwing the 

circular into the waste basket without investigating 

further ? 

WHAT HELPS THE MANUFACTURER HELPS THE 

CUSTOMER 

The idea of how to cut labor costs is a good one. 

The plumber and steam fitter will profit by it first.

436 P L U M B E R A N D 

In short, from the one or two pages of the catalogue 

illustrated, it would seem to contain sufficient interesting 

information to make any reader want it—and especially 

the man who prides himself in being posted 

all around on every angle of his trade.. Naturally the 

company will be glad to send a copy of this book to 

anyone for the asking. Readers accordingly should 

have no hesitation in writing for a copy. 

Thus the man who receives the circular will get 

a viewpoint of the pipe cutting and threading tool 

business from the three angles—production, distribution 

and use. 

And what is true of this particular piece of trade 

literature is true of many others. It offers the man 

who wants to get ahead an opportunity to post himself 

more thoroughly on his business, and this is an opportuntiy 

that should not be overlooked by any man 

who is not satisfied with the degree of success he has 

attained in his business. 

STEAM FITTER October 8. 1920 

And if the plumber and steam fitter will profit by it, A New Edition of Hoffman's Handbook 

the manufacturer will also, for anything that helps 

his customer must help him. 

Announcement is made by the McGraw-Hill'Book 

Co. of a new edition of the handbook for heating and 

HE WHO SERVES BEST PROFITS MOST 

ventilating engineers by James D. Hoffman, professor 

of practical mechanics, director of laboratories of 

And this is the main idea back of a great deal of Purdue University and past president of the American 

the trade literature that is put out. The manufacturer Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers. The 

knows that the best way to increase his business is to book is 4>_ X 6 in. in size and contains 480 pages, 

help his customers and in that way he will profit some 200 illustrations and numerous reference tables. 

most. It is just another case of "He who serves It is divided into a number of chapters dealing 

best profits most." 

with heat and combustion, the computation of air 

Therefore instead of considering all trade literature service, humidity, measurement of air velocity and 

which the manufacturers send or offer to send on air used in combusion. Another chapter is devoted 

inquiry, as simply advertising literature, look upon it as to heat losses from buildings, temperatures to be con 

a source of help—a means of getting "new ideas which sidered, the heat given off by lights and persons and 

will help you in your buying—keep you right up to the the performance of guarantee of heating capacity. 

minute—and make you a better manager. 

The chapters devoted to furnace heating shows the 

A great deal of the trade literature that is put out method of calculating the proportions and of design 

is not only well worth having but well worth keeping ing a furnace heating system, and also of humidifying 

as a business library. Manufacturers are always air from furnaces. It gives a great deal of informa 

willing to send their trade literature for the asking tion about selecting and locating and setting the fur 

and the one who wants to get ahead and keep ahead naces, their use in connection with fans and a use 

will not neglect this free source of profitable in of warm-air radiator system. Steam and hot water 

formation. 

heating systems are classified according to various 

This circular of the Borden Co. to which reference 

types and the requirements of different kinds of build 

has been made in itself is a tribute to the printer's ings and institutions. They include mechanical vacu 

art. It has been compiled to serve two ends. First, um heating, indirect blower heating systems and then 

it aims to show the user of stocks and dies that it 

the various appliances and equipments used in the 

will pay him to use efficient tools as a means of cutting arrangements of the heating systems. Temperature 

his labor costs. It shows something of the company's 

control is figured to a satisfactory extent and then 

facilities for filling orders promptly for it gives a view 

there are chapters on electrical heating, refrigeration, 

of the company's factory with a picture of some "240 

and the book closes with something on planning and 

Busy Borden Beavers, the day shift on the job." It drawing up specifications with suggestions for school 

also explains that there is a night force too, all work 

work. 

ing night and a day keeping close upon the heels of Appendix No, 1 is devoted to general tables for 

unprecedented orders. 

heating and ventilating. Appendix No. 2 contains 

So much for the user. The circular appeals like 

tables to be used in refrigeration and ice production 

wise to the jobber in that it is intended to show him 

factories. Appendix No. 3 relates to the tests and 

that orders may be filled promptly. The circular also method of testing house heating boilers and also the 

shows him what the company is doing to promote 

details of vacuum piping system with illustrations. 

demand for its tools. It uses an illustration some 18 The newer edition is rearranged and much addi 

in. wide and 8 in. high, a part of which is shown in tional matter is presented. It is accompanied with a 

the accompanying illustration, to emphasize the fact 

suggestion for a course of instruction with questions 

that it is using 11 trade papers to reach 500,000 read 

for which answers can be found in the handbook. 

ers through its advertising in setting before them the Then there is a section giving references for general 

merits of its tools. Among them is this journal. 

reading in which the technical publications are referred 

This circular also reproduces some pages taken from 

to freely and in which Metal Worker, Pluniber and 

its catalogue No. 14, which from these illustrations, Steam Fitter is found to give information under prac 

carry the idea that it must contain some interesting tically every head to which students are directed. 

information to the man who wants to know something 

not only about tool efficiency but also how the 

tools which he is using in his work are made. 

Duriron Bulletins 

The Duriron Co., Dayton, Ohio, with a New York 

< )ffice at 90 West street has for distribution a number 

of bulletins many of which are of particular interest 

to the plumbing industry as they describe Duriron 

and its uses. A postal card addressed to the 

manufacturers will bring any one or all of these 

bulletins. 

J. I. Lyle on Vacation 

J. I. Lyle, vice-president of the Carrier Engineering 

Corporation, an air conditioning concern at 39 Cortlandt 

street, New York City, is planning to take in 

the Grand Circuit races at Lexington Ky in company 

with H. W. Wendt of the Buffalo Forge Co. 

This is a vacation which they are taking and the races 

come in incidentally but very fortunately for their 

entertainment.


Information Exchange Readers' Problems 

Ask your fellow readers through these columns for their 

help on your problems—Help them in turn on theirs 

Valve Does Not Stop Heating 

From C. IV. W., Maine—I am sending you a rough 

sketch of a radiator on the second floor which, when 

the valve is turned off or on does not stop heating. 

This radiator is on a hot water system and contains 15 

sq. ft. of surface. It has 1-V4 in. risers and connections 

to it. The 1 risers are taken off mains in cellar 

about 10 ft. from, boiler and I have tried to show 

in the sketch that the branches come out of the mam 

i" _ 

t-ii 

RADIATOR WHICH WILL NOT STOP HEATING 

mi a 45-deg. angle, go in over ledge of wall to a 45deg., 

then go right straight up to ceiling with two 

elbows underneath the floor and then up to the valve 

and union elbow. I have taken the valve off and 

it looks just the same as any other hot water valve. 

The inside turns when the handle does and the arrow 

is on right so I know I had it shut off. But still the 

radiator kept nearly as hot as the other radiators 

on the system. Can you tell me the cause of this? 

Editor's Note—Thc trouble of "C. W. W." seems 

to be that the valve is on the return line instead of 

on the flow and that there is a return circulation of 

water from the radiator through the feed line. Or it 

may be possible that the hole in shield of hot water 

valve is so large as to admit of enough circulation 

through that point to allow the radiator being kept 

warm. 

Sink Waste Troubles 

From G. T., Pennsylvania—Can you help me out of 

the troubles I am experiencing with sink wastes? I 

am sending you a sketch which shows these sinks 

wastes. I have done nothing to them that 1 can see to 

am sending you a sketch which shows these sinks 

as shown in sketch, is on the first floov and the 

other, on the second floor of a dwelling hou .e. When 

I first went on the job, both traps were in the cellar 

and from there each sink waste ran through the wall 

and was connected into a tile drain on the outside. 

The tile drain runs about 40 ft. and ends in a cesspool 

covered up with a flagstone and about 18 in. of dirt. 

The traps were placed in the cellar to prevent their 

freezing. The one from the upstairs sink was leaking 

when I was called in to fix it. As the trap was so 

far away from the sink, it seemed to be better that it 

be put under the sink which would also make a more 

sanitary job. So I cut out the trap down in the cellar, 

put in a piece of lead pipe there and installed a new 

__ 

CQ 

_ * _ _ , — • 

SINK 

SINK


A New Journal on an Old Foundation 

In name only may PLUMBER AND STAM FITTER be 

termed a new journal. Indeed, the name is not altogether 

new, for it has been taken from part of the name 

of Metal Worker, Plumber and Steam Fitter which this of a trade paper. Consequently PLUMBER AND STEAM 

the new journal in part succeeds. And as a successor FITTER has justification for its promise of better service 

to that former worthy journal the new paper may not to its readers. 

with justice to itself be termed new, for it is to carry 

on the work where Metal Worker, Plumber and Steam 

Fitter, so long established, has left off and with greatly 

increased facilities and under conditions which are infinitely 

more advantageous to the publication of a paper 

for the plumbing and steam fitting trade. The basis 

for this statement i.s the fact that instead of endeavoring 

to serve another field, as did the former journal, 

this the new one will specialize in serving this one industry 

alone. These are the days of specialization and 

the advantage of the specialist in the shape of a trade 

paper is ju.st as great to the subscriber as that of a 

medical specialist to his patient. PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER feels absolutely justified in promising to subscribers 

a highly specialized and consequently improved 

editorial service. 

Origin of the New Journal 

As already announced to subscribers through the 

columns of Metal Worker, Plumber and Steam Fitter, 

and through special letters. October 1, was the date set 

for the separation of that publication into its two logical 

parts. It is now being carried on as two individual 

journals. All text and advertising matter pertaining 

to the sheet metal industry are now being taken care 

of through the bi-weekly publication, SHEET METAL 

WORKER. Similarly all items of interest to the plumbing, 

steam fitting and ventilating industries are being 

handled through PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER, which 

likewise is being published bi-weekly. This plan means 

that instead of the subscriber interested in plumbing 

and steam fitting getting a paper every week, with only 

half of its contents pertaining to his trade and with the 

other half foreign, so to speak, he will now receive a 

paper every other week with every page dealing with 

subjects of his own industry. Thus it will be seen that 

the plan contemplates that the subscriber in any one 

industry will get just as many pages of reading matter 

during the year all arranged together in one publication 

and thus save him the annoyance of culling it out 

from other articles foreign to his trade. Although this 

in itself is a desirable feature, the big advantage comes 

through the idea of a specialized paper. PLUMBER AND 

STEAM FITTER now has all its time, space and attention 

to devote to this one industry alone. It has no other 

trade to strrve, and thereifure should be able to render 

much better service than formerly, because it is an 

acknowledged fact that no man can serve two masters 

and serve them both equally well. The same is true 

A Word on Plans and Prospects 

The publisher of this journal feels that the only 

foundation of success is service in any business. This 

is particularly true in the business of making trade 

papers. A trade paper is published primarily for the 

reader. Its mission i.s to keep its readers posted on 

lhe most up-to-date, the most modern and the most 

progressive methods evolved and employed in all phases 

of the industry throughout the country. It is a news 

service that should keep its readers right up to the 

minute on all developments of the trade when those 

developments are of a helpful nature or warn them 

when the development chances to be a harmful one. 

From the foregoing, it is apparent that the very foundation 

or excuse for existance of any trade paper is the 

service it renders to its readers. PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER realizing this, is deterimned that its first thought 

will always be to procure for its readers the kind of 

articles which can be of the most help to them. Only 

articles and items of the greatest interest to the greatest 

number of its readers will be afforded space. Nothing 

will be used for "filling" purposes only, and outside of 

the editorial service, it wants its subscribers to look 

upon it as Free Information Bureau which will be not 

only willing but even anxious to help them on any 

problems they may encounter, be the difficulty some 

shop, office or job problem, or knowing where to purchase 

some special material, tool or supplies It wants 

every subscriber to feel that he is a part of a big family 

and a.s such is entitled to every consideration whenever 

he has a question to ask. The publisher has many plans 

for improvement to be worked out, as rapidly as they 

can be handled. The idea is to make the paper more 

and more practical for readers, and with this end in 

view it will always welcome suggestions from readers 

on ways and means of making the paper more interesting. 

In conclusion, it may be said that the publisher 

hopes for success only as it may be deserved on the 

class of service rendered. With such thoughts in the 

publisher's mind the trade may therefor accordingly be 

assured that no effort will be spared to make this new 

journal a great trade paper for the industry.

October 8. 1920 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

Why Hang an Alias on the Plumber 

Is there a man engaged in the plumbing industry 

daily going forward with the task of carefully installing 

plumbing equipment, trying to add to the 

comfort, convenience and health of his fellow man 

who will profit by or feel better if someone foisted on 

him a new title, whether it be a sanitarian, domestic 

engineer, or what not? Is it possible that anyone connected 

with the plumbing industry feels ashamed of 

that connection ? It seems absolutely impossible and 

unbelievable that any such opinion exists among any 

connected with the industry. Think of it! Who has 

for years installed and maintained the sanitary equipment 

of public buildings, of schools, of churches, of 

homes? Who has made practicable and possible cities 

of all sizes from 10,000 up? What industry is most 

responsible for the health of human beings? There 

is but one answer—plumbers and plumbing. It is but 

necessary to consider the big cities, the big skyscrapers, 

the large hotels void of plumbing to get an idea of 

plumbing, to glimpse the importance of the plunibing 

industry. 

There is no real reason why the plumber or plumbing 

industry should take off his or their hats to any 

other man or industry. Plumbers have for years resisted 

every attempt of general contractors and other 

interlopers to exploit them as tools for the selfish 

gain of such contractors or interlopers. A large part 

of the plumbing work requires great skill and patience. 

It is tedious and arduous to perform. Plumbers have 

gone forward, performing their work in a skillful and 

sanitary manner with due consideration for the health 

of the mankind. Absolute proof of this is evidenced 

by the health in highly congested districts. For their 

straight out and out policy of sticking up for their 

own rights and insisting that the work performed by 

the industry must be done in the most sanitary manner, 

they have been highly misrepresented. Pernicious 

statements have been constantly circulated about them. 

They have been maligned and made the subject of 

derision. 

seeds is no more mistaken than the man who opines 

that plumbers, as a class, are ignorant. In the first 

place plumbing requires more patience, time and mechanical 

ability to master than the other trades that 

are equally laborious. Therefore, the plumbing industry 

draws, as its recruits, men of more than average 

intelligence. The men who finish their apprenticeship 

and become first class mechanics are men of 

more than average energy who are willing to put up 

with the hardships and disagreeable work, which the 

trade often entails and having mastered the trade, 

must have the natural mechanical ability to become 

full fledged plumbers. While all plumbers may not 

be able to ride the prancing steed of rhetoric they 

have demonstrated beyond question their ability to 

think logically to practical conclusions as well as to 

think for themselves. 

Let the Complainant Exchange Positions 

i 

The complaint often voiced by the general contractor 

is that plumbers are hard to manage. There is 

also the complaint of the cost of plumbing and the 

cost of its maintenance, a good part of which is attri 

No Need for Kow-Towing to Other Industries buted to the lack of industry on the part of the 

plumber. Most of such complaints are practically unjustifiable. 

It is a safe wager that the most ardent 

condemner of the plumber would reverse his time were 

be to serve one whole week with the tools and be 

compelled to hold up his end of the work. True, 

there are loafers in the plumbing industry as well as 

in everv other industry. There are no more, if as 

many, in the plumbing industry than in other similar 

occupations. Many people think there are more, 

however, because plumbing is so little understood and 

so little known of the work which has to be performed. 

Therefore the public has taken for granted 

many things which were absolutely untrue, in some 

instances innocently, in others with an ulterior purpose. 

The result in both cases has been abuse heaped 

on the heads of those connected with the industry. 

No Need to Change the Name Plumber 

There is no need for a change in the name plumber. 

That title is one which those connected with the in 

Patience and Ability Essential to the Plumber dustry may feel proud of. It represents progress, it 

means convenience, comfort and luxury for mankind. 

In spite of it all the one incontrovertible outstand A change of name will not make the public complain 

ing truth that sets at naught all the blasphemy heaped anv less at paying for the cost of sanitary conven 

upon the heads of plumbers is the fact that modern ience, comforts and luxuries, but a little enlighten 

plumbing to-day is as far or more advanced than the ment will. All that is necessary is for the plumber to 

output of any other industry or profession. Further, take the public into his confidence and explain to 

it is as essential as any other profession. Still fur them the difficulties which are to be met or which have 

ther, the progress of the plumbing industry was been met in performing their work. This simple ex- 

brought about by plumbers, not carpenters, dentists, idient will eliminate practically all criticism of the 

domestic engineers, sanitarians, or what not. There industry. A plumber should be proud to be called a 

is a reason for that progress. The city chap who goes plumber. His pride is justified by the results and 

to the country looking for farmers, rubes, and hay progress achieved by the industry.


National Exposition of Chemical Industries John Simmons Co., 110 Center street, New York 

City, .not only called attention to the extensive line 

The Sixth National Exposition of the Chemical 

of equipment carried in stock for ready shipment but 

Industries in Grand Central Palace, New York City, also called attention to a special gravity scale for 

recently comprised exhibits by manufacturers utilized weighing materials used for industrial purposes, serv 

in the installation of equipment for chemical industries. 

The Taylor Instrument Co., Rochester, N. Y., exing 

practically as a meter. 

The Crane Co., 836 Michigan avenue, Chicago, 111., 

hibited thermometers, draft gauges and similar instru exhibited a few of the infinite variety of things which 

ments, interesting alike to the steam heating and it makes in order to draw attention to the extensive 

plumbing contractor. 

line of equipment adapted to a plant for any pur 

Herman H. Sticht & Co., 15 Park Row, New York pose. 

City, also showed an infinite variety of thermometers The Whitlock Coil Pipe Co., Hartford, Conn., 

and pressure indicators to be used where air is moving showed the various types of water heating coils for 

either for the draft in the chimney or a heating and heaters which it can furnish. 

ventilating system. 

The Sarco Co., Inc., Woolworth building, New 

The Precision Instrument Co., Newark, N. J., York City, presented to its visitors circulars of the 

showed a four-in-one draft gauge which would tell at Sarco trap, Sarco temperature control, Sarco strainers 

once whether the trouble was in the chimney, in the for steam, gas, water and oil, and the new Sarco 

heater or in the manner in which the fuel was being thermostatic radiator trap. 

handled on the grate, or whether the fuel bed was too One of the features of the display of the Plant 

thick. 

Engineering & Equipment Co., 11 John street, New 

The Foxboro Co., Inc., Foxboro, Mass., showed a York City, was the Trane pump to be used in con 

new combination automatic temperature controller and nection with the Trane system of heating for which 

recording thermometer, making two instruments in one, the specialties are made by the Trane Co., La Crosse, 

as well as its extensive line of instruments for various 

Wis. 

purposes which it makes. 

The Parks-Cramer Co., Old South building, Boston, 

The Brown Instrument Co., Philadelphia, Pa., also 

Mass., presented a pamphlet entitled "Fluid Heat 

showed draft gauges and temperature recording 

Transmission," showing among other things the Mer 

devices. 

rill processes for industrial heating, using oil circu 

Francis A. Murray, 101 Park avenue, New Yorklated 

through a pipe system so as to get a very high 

City, was in charge of the exhibit of the Powers 

temperature from the circulating medium without 

Regulator Co. 

much pressure on the outfit. 

The J. L. Mott Iron Works, 118 Fifth avenue. 

The rotary vacuum pumps for use in connection 

New York City, showed gas and oil burning furnaces 

for industrial purposes as well as for use under large 

with vacuum systems of heating made by the Beachheating 

and ventilating outfits. 

Russ Co., 220 Broadway, New York City, as well as 

L. 0. Koven & Brother, 154 Ogden avenue, Jersey 

the Beach-Russ air blast soldering furnaces and hand 

City, N. J., showed some tanks and a variety of the 

kerosene torches, were a feature of one exhibit. 

special constructions in heavy sheet metal which it is 

Maurice A. Knight, Akron, Ohio, showed an exten 

prepared to furnish to the trade. 

sive line of chemical stoneware including faucets, sinks 

The Oxygen Products Co., 2525 Liberty avenue. 

and similar goods which the plumber is frequently 

Pittsburgh. Pa., with New York office in the Hudson 

called upon to install in industrial plants or schools. 

Terminal building, showed an extensive variety of 

A. Y. Meeker, who is well known to the plumbing 

oxygen-hydrogen generating equipment and accessories 

trade from his frequent appearance at gatherings of 

for welding and similar purposes. The company 

contracting plumbers, was in charge of the exhibit 

makes outfits alike for regulating oxy-acetylene and 

made by the Alberene Stone Co., 223 East Twenty- 

oxy-hydrogen cutting torches, etc. 

third street, New York City. He was aided by F. R. 

In industrial drying there is a great variety of work. 

Nichols of the New Jersey territory, and W. K. Fields 

The Carrier Engineering Co., 39 Cortlandt street, New from Chicago. The company showed acid proof tanks 

York City, showed the Harison air heater which dries etc., made of Alberene Stone. 

material for industrial purposes sometimes under high 

The Eagle-Picher Lead Co., Cincinnati, divided its 

temperatures and high velocities, the Carrier air exhibit between three different lines of trade and for 

washer, humidifier and the Carrier ejector system the plumber different sizes of waste pipe and thick 

of drying and removing various materials in factory nesses of lead service pipe and the visitors were given 

plants. 

the recently issued booklet of Eagle-Picher Product's 

J. P. Devine Co., Buffalo, N. Y., showed a vacuum which contains valuable information. 

drying apparatus such as used in the sugar industry The Duriron Castings Co., Dayton, Ohio, gave par 

and for drying vegetables. 

ticulars on its line of soil pipe and fittings that may 

W. L. Fleisher & Co., Inc. 31 Union square, New be used in industrial plants and laboratories where so 

York City, exhibited two different types of drying lutions are run through them. It gave details of a 

apparatus, one a spray dryer, and called attention to test by Columbia University, New York City, which 

many industrial products which were facilitated in shows this iron to be equal in acid resisting qualities 

their nianufacture by the conditions provided by its to vitrified pipe. The company make sinks, ladles 

apparatus. 

and a variety of Duriron goods adapted to special pur 

The Gordon Dryer Corporation, 39 Cortlandt street, poses like pumps, large kettles, etc., where acids are 

New York City, showed dryers especially adapted for handled. 

industrial purposes. 

The National Filter Cloth & Weaving Co., 57 Hope 

C. A. Munroe, of the Chapman Valve Manufactur street, Brooklyn, N. Y., exhibited cotton filter cloth for 

ing Co., 180 Lafayette street, New York City, showed various purposes for use in filter processes of indus 

an immense bronze valve such as is used in the sugar trial and sanitary type. 

industries to show the resistance to acids. He also The Cast Iron Publicity Bureau, New York City, 

showed calves of all sizes for general use. 

distributed booklets of merchandise nature giving the


industrial service of cast iron piping, showing by 

means of pictures the use to which it can be put. One 

pamphlet was specially devoted to the service rendered 

to the recovery of copper from mill tailings. 

W. G. Goddard, who is largely responsible for the 

extensive production of the Detroit light steel drums 

for carrying chemicals and other liquids and the bilge 

barrel made the Detroit Range Boiler & Steel Barrel 

Co., Detroit, Mich., was in charge of the company's 

exhibit showing examples of the goods and explaining 

to visitors every feature and answering all questions 

in reference to the usage they would withstand, 

their durability and similar questions. 

John F. Hale a Visitor at the Chemical 

Exposition 

John F. Hale, president of the Atmospheric Conditioning 

Corporation, handlers and installers of Webster 

air washers and other air conditioning equipment, 

Lafayette building, Philadelphia, Pa., was accompanied 

by H. A. Terrili on his visit to the Sixth 

National Exposition of the Chemical Industries, at 

Grand Central Palace, New York City recently. 

Toledo Power Drive 

Illustrated is the electrically operated mechanism for 

driving hand pipe threading and cutting tools, manufactured 

by the Toledo Pipe Threading Machine Co., 

Toledo, Ohio. It is equipped with a 25-cycle A. C. 

single phase motor and mounted on wheels so as to be 

portable. It is claimed by the manufacturers that a 

12-in thread which would take 2 hours to cut by 

hand, is completed with this tool in 15 min. A 

TOLEDO ELECTRIC POWER DRIVE 

simple knob handle, the two-speed transmission and no 

change is required in threading or cutting tools if 

the Toledo equipment is used. 

Opening Meeting for New York Engineers 

President W. L. Fleisher of the New York Chapter 

of American Society of Heating and Ventilating 

Engineers is desirous of having every member interest 

himself in getting a large attendance of local 

professional men for the first meeting of the chapter 

for the season, which will be held on Monday evening 

October 18, at the Building Trades Club. 

A plan will be unfolded to make the chapter more 

useful to the members and to show the interesting 

things which are to be laid before them during the 

winter season. This of itself should be worth the 

evening, but there is also promise of some thoroughly 

capable and qualified men to speak on the subject of 

transforming war plants to a peace basis and there 

will be notable instances of what was done and where 

it was done, of interest to every engineer because in 

many instances the engineer was responsible for the 

advantageous changes made. 

A Sure Combination for Service 

The combination bench drilling stand with portable 

electrical hand drill, manufactured by the Cincinnati 

Electrical Tool Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, is made to be 

adjustable for portable hand drills of y, y% and >4-in. 

COMBINATION BENCH DRILLING STAND 

capacity, the drills being attached or detached as desirable. 

As will be seen from the illustration the drill 

bracket with drill can be set at any point on the 

column and raised or lowered as desired. The weight 

of drill and drill bracket is counterbalanced through 

the spring on the column. The drill is kept in vertical 

alignment by the means of a key on the bracket and 

keyway in the column. The depth of holes to be 

drilled is regulated by an adjustable stop at the 

head of column. The lever feed has quick return. 

This combination hand drill and bench drilling stand 

will be found particularly handy for shops where both 

bench drilling and outside drilling is to be done. It 

represents a very interesting article to the plumber and 

fitter as it will pay its own way and uncomplainingly 

perform every task for which it is designed. Full information 

as to price, horse power, etc., can be had 

by addressing the manufacturers at the above address. 

Removals and Plant Extension 

The United States Expansion Bolt Co., 25 Elm 

street, New York City, has removed to larger quarters 

at 139 Franklin street. 

The Iron City Pipe & Foundry Co., Birmingham, 

Ala., has plans under way for new units to cost in 

excess of $300,000, including machinery. 

The enterprise of the Kroschell Brothers Co., Chicago, 

III, is reflected in the purchase of a tract of 

land'300 X 600 ft. in size on the south side of


Diversey avenue, west of the St. Paul tracks. Plans 

have been drawn for a machine shop, boiler shop and 

a two-story administration building all of the fireproof 

type. The Kroeschell Brothers Co. and the 

Kroeschell Brothers Ice Machine Co. are now at 

the northeast corner of Erie and Kingsbury streets 

and the new plant will be across from them. The 

two big establishments which will be erected at 

once now that building conditions have provided the 

necessary inducement. When this plant is completed 

and running full force, in addition to the standard 

line of goods made by the company, attention will be 

invited to them and the facilities for producing and 

delivering them promptly. 

A Niagara Falls of Business Information 

It Is to Be Poured Out by the T. E. B. to Those 

Who Want It Enough to Apply for It and Use It 

An interesting development of the National Trade 

Extension Bureau's work will be t'-e launching of 

the "National Campaign of Knowledge," which will 

be in additon to all the other activities of the Bureau 

that are reaching and assisting plumbing and 

heating contractors individually. This Bigger Business 

Course will be conducted by local organizations 

of master plumbers and steam fitters throughout the 

country. In cities where no local association exists, 

arrangements will be made for the local contractors 

to attend tho meetings of t v e nearest association. 

Otherwise where there are three or more master 

plumbers engaged in business w l o can meet conveniently, 

this work will be carried out by newly 

formed organizations for the necessary get-together 

meetings. 

So many contractors, who are scattered in business 

in small towns where there are no associations 

have expressed their desire to attend meetings in 

some city nearby that the Bureau has communicated 

with the secretary of all existing local associations 

to the end of having these secretaries extend invitations 

to all contractors in their respective localities. 

This plan has brought favorable response from all 

sides. 

During the past year, T. E. B., has mailed out 

four steps in Business Efficiency, covering "Fixed 

Charge," "Estimating of Plumbing," "Estimating 

Heating," and "Accounting." In each case, these are 

thorough treatises roverine the facts and practices 

which are so vitally important in conducting and 

managing a profitable, growing business. 

A REASONABLE CONDITION EXACTED 

In order that these essentials, as outlined in the 

Business Efficiency Course, might become a fixed 

part of every plumbing and heating contractors knowledge, 

T. E. B. has found it necessary to prepare a 

concise course of study covering this work. This is 

made up of a series of short, interesting and helpful 

lectures and lessons. This material will be placed at 

the disposal of any regular Local Association or, 

where no association exists, of any live master plumber 

who will take it upon himself to call his competitors 

together at regular intervals and hold the necessary 

meetings for the study of this work. 

The man who thus takes the lead in his own 

locality, will inevitably benefit most of all. He will 

get out of his study of the subject, a firmer grasp of 

the knowledge involved, than will be possible for any 

of his hearers. An honest effort to convey this 

knowledge to his fellows will fix it all in his mind 

so that he will be unlikely to forget any of it. Moreover, 

he will gain greatly by helping his competitors 

find the means whereby they can free themselves from 

the bad conditions for all concerned. 

The merchant plumber, in many cases, has developed 

from a mechanic working for wages into a business 

man responsible for the entire management of his 

affairs. He has been so busy trying to save and get 

ahead, that he has been unable to inform himself 

properly regarding many essentials that he should 

know about. As a result, he is at a disadvantage ii 

the struggle that is before him. No matter how well 

he is equipped with the technical or mechanical knowledge 

of his trade, his knowledge and grasp of safe 

methods of buying, selling, planning, etc., is too limited 

for success. When fencing with experts, whose entire 

experience has been on the business side, he must 

necessarily suffer financially and otherwise, in the 

costly experience of playing the other fellow's game 

without the other fellow's knowledge of the rules. 

That is the reason other merchants outsell the plumbing 

and heating trade on its own ground and get 

the dollars that should flow into this industry. 

LOCATING THE MISSING KNOWLEDGE 

The only help open to such a man is for him to 

quickly find, somewhere, the missing knowledge. This 

knowledge must he in practical, workable form and 

framed in the language of the trade. "Highfalutin" 

talk won't do. What is needed must be supplied 

briefly in a package of words and terms that belong 

and are familiar to the plumbing and heating contractor. 

That is exactly what T. E. B. will provide in this 

"Campaign of Knowledge." It will deal only with 

facts and figures of the trade, which are related to 

things that actually exists in the methods and practices 

of successful plumbing and heating contractors. No 

man in the business can afford to neglect this opportunity 

to verify and check the soundness of his business 

methods. 

No concern is so big that they will not find something 

of value here. T. E. B. has been of service 

to a large number of long established concerns, in 

pointing out the way to make good business methods 

better. In some cases, involving large operators, 

T. E. B. has even pointed out wrong practices that 

would surely have sent the business "on the rocks." 

This was rather clearly shown by an article in the 

August number of T. E. B. Monthly Service Bulletin. 

No contractor can afford to shift the responsibility 

of being active in this movement. This is a timely 

opportunity for refreshing or increasing his knowledge 

of modern business methods. He owes this to himself 

and to the upbuilding of his profession. The 

only way of raising the standards of this or any 

other business is to raise the business standards of 

the men in it. No man can carry this industry 

"up the ladder" single handed. He must have the 

co-operation of his fellow draftsmen. To deserve and 

get this co-operation of his fellows he must himself 

co-operate. That means that no matter how big or 

how successful he is he must give of his knowledge 

and experience to his less fortunate brother craftsmen. 

SPREAD THE KNOWLEDGE BY GETTING TOGETHER 

The most logical way to do this is to have gettogether 

meetings and exchange ideas. Ideas and

October 8. 1920 P L U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER 

plans can be thus discussed and developed. Such discussions 

help one to steadily grow bigger until big 

enough to carry through big ideas. Competitors will 

learn and adopt constructive ideas with reference to 

business methods. Thereby, new and better methods 

will replace the destructive ideas and methods which 

have been and still are, working much injury to our 

industry. Such general and widespread effort, directed 

toward the goal of Bigger and Better Business, means 

that no obstacle can change our course. On the other 

hand, the plumber or steam fitter who is averse to 

spending time for study in the interest of his business, 

or fails to make mental excursions outside of his 

routine habits, will soon be left by the wayside in 

business. 

The lack of definite knowledge of business management: 

of systemized estimating: of reliable accounting: 

of economical financing and productive selling, has 

been the direct cause of failure for many contractors. 

This lack of knowledge is largely responsible for 

unfair competition and all similar evils that work 

such serious damage to the business. It is directly 

responsible for the public's absolute misunderstanding 

of the services and charges of tiie plumbing and heating 

contractor. 

This information speading campaign will point out 

the most improved modern business methods and will 

point out to the Master Plumber and Steam Fitter 

the method of combating and putting a stop to th 

wasteful efforts that he has participated in during 

the past. 

By addressing a letter to Department "D"—Desk 4 

of the National Trade Extension Bureau, 407 Marcantile 

Bank building, any live plumbing and heating 

contractor, where there is no local association, who 

will bind himself to conduct these educational meetings 

in his locality, can be placed on the mailing list 

to receive this material when it is mailed out. 

All Cream—No Skim Milk in^Central 

Brass Catalogue 

The Central Brass Manufacturing Co., Cleveland, 

Ohio, has for distribution the second edition of its J. 

Catalog, which it has just received from the printers. 

In this catalog the same figure numbers have been 

preserved as in the first edition, so that those who 

have been furnished with the first edition will not 

need a copy of the second. The new edition has all 

goods listed in units of one instead of the dozen. 

This, it is believed, will be a convenience to the 

plumber and assist him in getting a proper margin 

of profit in his bills, as the prices listed are for unit 

consumer price, making a catalog that is all cream to 

the plumber. 

The manufacture of low compression sink bibbs and 

basin cocks or bath cocks by the Central Brass Manufacturing 

Co. has been discontinued as the company 

is limiting itself to Quick-Pression work, of which 

it is the originator and patentee. Therefore it is 

furnishing quick pression work with tee or other compression 

type of handle where the customers want the 

goods to have the exterior appearance of compression 

work. 

Due to the volume of business the manufacture of 

water works goods by this concern has been temporarily 

abandoned, the capacity of the plant being required 

in the manufacture of quick-pression work. It is the 

intent of the firm to resume the manufacture of water 

works goods at the earliest possible date. 

A Solid Bronze Valve and Seat 

The Goulds Universal valve and seat, made by the 

Goulds Manufacturing Co., Seneca Falls, N. Y., is 

designed for inside cylinder attachment. It will be 

noted by the illustration the valve cage and seat are 

cast in one piece and are of solid bronze. The poppet 

valve is leather faced insuring a perfect seat. If it is 

GOULD'S UNIVERSAL VALVE AND SEAT 

necessary to take the cylinder apart, this can be easily 

done with no danger of breaking the valve or seat, 

and the poppets are removable by simply taking out 

one of the cotter pins and sliding out the bar. The 

construction of this valve would warrant its use on 

high class jobs. 

f 

The Facts of Pipe Making 

The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., Youngstown, 

Ohio, is issuing a booklet entitled "Youngstown Quality 

Pipe." This book is extremely interesting and 

gives a very comprehensive explanation and illustration 

of the manufacture of pipe. The illustrations consist 

of iron ore mines, ore car dumpers, blast furnaces, 

A, B, C, & D, section of blast furnace plant from ore 

yards, blast furnace casting, mixer buildings, pouring 

molten pig iron, Bessemer converters, open hearth 

furnaces, stripping ingots, soaking pits, blooming mill, 

buttweld tube mill furnace, cooling bed, method of 

drawing skelp through die for butt weld process, lap 

welded pipes coming through welding rolls, sizing rolls, 

cold straightening tap weld pipe, threading and testing 

pipe by hydrostatic pressure, making couplings, 

threading and testing pipe, making couplings, threading 

and vecessing couplings, and pipe loaded for shipment. 

It also gives a bundling table showing the number of 

pieces and approximate number of feet per bundle 

and weight for the various size pipes. 

The booklet should be in the possession of every 

plumber and steam fitter throughout the United States 

and Canada. It contains information valuable to every 

plumber and steam fitter in that it will make them 

better acquainted with the method of making pipe 

and give them a better understanding of its use. 

Further than that plumbers and steam fitters should 

be in possession of this information as it will enable 

them to talk intelligently to their customers about how 

pipe manufactured thus giving them an added prestige 

in the eyes of their prospective customer. Many 

times this information can be used to divert the pros-


pect's mind from simply the matter of price to the 

plans of the quality of material and service which is 

to be furnished, in that way eliminating the competitors. 

A postal card addressed to the Youngstown 

Sheet & Tube Co. will bring a copy of this booklet. 

Western Golfers Play at Milwaukee 

One of the most successful tournaments of the 

Western Trade Golf Association during the present 

season was held Tuesday, September 21, at the Blue 

Mound Country Club, Milwaukee, Wis. A meeting of 

the Illinois-Wisconsin jobbers of plumbing supplies 

which was scheduled for the following day no doubt 

brought out many players. 

Captain E. W. Sanborn chartered a special car on 

the North Shore Electric line for the 45 members who 

~W. Wickersham (winner) . 

A. L. Miller 

Guy Gregg 

H. Shaw 

C. P. Herbert (winnner). 

R. L. Ottke 

J. F. Carroll 

A. F. Johnson 

L. E- Wallace (winner). 

E. W. Sanborn 


L- Bruce Fulton 

R. C. Flinder (winner). 

F. S. Kaulback 

H. E. Whitney 

E. Buehler 

H. O'Callaghan (winner). 

T. P. Wade 

Glen Ullrich 

A. L- Leavens 

H. W. Evans (winner) . 

B. A. Schutz 

R. Wuerst 

H. A. Cross 

J. E. Sharp (winner). 

T. P. Dugger 

F. S. Crumley 

F. Borgergrain 

O. J. Deschauer (winner). 

H. P. Mason 

E. A. Leister 

Geo. J. Halligan 

W. G. Sine (winnner) . 

W. J. Siltane 

C. E. Barrows 

M. Weil 

H. N. Booth (winner). 

Wm. M. Thompson.... 

P. Munn 

R. E. Murphy 

R. A. Sharp (winner). 

E. C. Garrity 

B. Weil 

W. E. McCullom 

F. P. Keeney (winner) . 

T. Hanlev 

H. E- Harper 

A. Boettcher 

Wm. Devine, Jr. (winner) . 

A. L. Miller 

D. C. Macharc; 

L- O. Schroeder 

A. S. Lindeblad (winner) . 

W. Noble 

PLAYERS AND THEIR SCORES 

Gross 

94 

84 

82 

96 

85 

92 

92 

94 

95 

102 

99 

105 

94 

100 

99 

97 

96 

98 

97 

109 

101 

110 

114 

116 

95 

98 

103 

131 

83 

119 

140 

113 

114 

114 

130 

114 

139 

123 

140 

101 

140 

124 

124 

119 

109 

123 

116 

110 

.0 

91 

126 

\°2 

98 

H'd'c'p 

13 

0 

8 

10 

14 

12 

16 

18 

18 

19 

17 

24 

21 

20 

20 

18 

18 

14 

18 

30 

27 

25 

25 

30 

24 

24 

25 

25 

30 

14 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

0 

15 

30 

30 

30 

Net 

81 

84 

74 

86 

71 

80 

76 

76 

77 

83 

82 

81 

73 

80 

79 

79 

78 

84 

79 

79 

74 

85 

89 

86 

71 

74 

78 

101 

69 

89 

110 

83 

84 

84 

100 

84 

109 

93 

110 

71 

110 

94 

94 

made the trip, leaving Chicago at 8 o'clock a. m. 

Upon their arrival in Milwaukee two hours later, J. 

E. Sharp, the host of the day, met them and they 

were taken to the Country Club. 

The afternoon was occupied with the usual qualifving 

round of 9 holes. A. L. Miller who shot a 39 

turned in the low card but other good ones were made 

by W. Wickersham, Tom Wade and Hugh Whitnev 

89 

79 

93 

86 

SO 

80 

76 

96 

92 

68 

each with a 44. H. P. Mason and Henry O'Callaghan 

with a 45 and C. P. Herbert and H. Shaw with a 47 

were among the leaders. 

Following the help-yourself lunch the flights for 

the afternoon 18-hole play were made up according to 

the scores made in the Qualifying Round. Chief interest, 

as usual, centered in the contest for the association 

cup and the various flight and season prizes, 

the latter being donated by Metal Worker, Plumber and 

Steam Fitter, Domestic Engineering and Plumbers' 

Trade Journal. 

H. P. Mason with a gross of 83 and a handicap 

of 14 won the association trophy. His nearest competitor 

was C. P. Herbert with a net of 71. 

The silver medal fob, the guest prize, went to 

Walter Noble, who shot a 68 net for the 18 holes. 

The Duffer's Cup also brought out competition. 

Joseph Weil, the previous winner, did not show up 

with the trophy. G. J. Halligan, Robert E. Murphy 

and E. C. Garrity all tied for the cup and the tee will 

be played off at the next meet. 

After a very enjoyable day, the members and 

guests participated in a very excellent dinner at the 

Club House after which Vice-president Wickersham 

awarded the various trophies to the winners. 

L. Bruce Fulton and Hugh Whitney led the singing. 

A rising vote of thanks was given the host, J. E. 

Sharp and to the Blue Mound Country Club for the 

splendid hospitality enjoyed. 

The next meet will be held at Rockford, Ilk, on 

October 12, where the association will be the guests of 

Frank D. Keller. 

New members elected are: E. A. Lister, Western 

Pipe & Supply Co.; B. A. Schultz, Central Foundry 

Co.; H. B. Kellar and Art Sharp, Milwaukee Boiler 

Co. 

The final tournament of the association will be held 

the latter part of October on the links of the Calumet 

Country Club. 

O-E Perfect Ball Check Water Seal Elbow 

The O-E patent elbow, manufactured by the O-E 

Specialty Mfg. Co, 886 Third Street, Milwaukee, 

Wis, for use in connection with the Perfect system 

of steam heating, as will be seen by the sectional 

view illustrated, is equipped with a small brass ball 

operating on a smooth guide or track. It is so 

arranged that when vacuum takes place in the radiator, 

the ball will immediately roll against the port and 

O-E PATENT ELBOW 

prevent water being drawn into the radiator from the 

return pipe. 

It will also be noted that the diaphragm, cast as an 

ntegral part of the elbow, forms a water seal to prevent 

the passing of vapor into return line. An air vent 

is tapped into the adjustable screw top of the return

October 8. 1920 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

elbow which allows the air to escape freely into the 

return system when the supply valve is open and 

•equalizes the pressure on both sides of the water easl 

thus preventing the water from passing out. This 

union elbow is more comprehensively explained in a 

circular or bulletin issued by the O-E Specialty Mfg. 

Co, copy of which can be had upon request. 

A New V-K Pumping Unit 

The new V-K pumping unit fitting with silent chain 

drive instead of belt is manufactured by the Vaile- 

Kimes Co, Dayton, Ohio. For years the automobile 

manufacturers have been using the silent chain drive 

V. K. PUMPING UNIT WITH SILENT CHAIN DRIVE 

on high class automobile construction with great success. 

This type of drive reduces the noise and affords 

to a large extent the excess use of power due to 

chain running on sprockets. 

In adapting this form of drive to the pumping unit 

the Vaile-Kimes people have made a very much improved 

pumping unit as it will require less power to 

drive, make less noise and all the belt troubles due 

to moisture getting into belts and causing them to 

stretch and slip will be avoided by this type or drive. 

Full information relative to this pumping unit can be 

had by applying to fhe company. 

Chicago Steam Fitters to the Fore 

Just another indication of the progressive spirit 

which is constantly urging the plumbing and heating 

industries to push forward in the advance of civilization 

is illustrated by the educational work being 

started by the Chicago Steam Fitters' Protective Association. 

On October 1 George M. Getschow, chairman 

of the board of directors of the National Associat 

; on, and President Donahue of the Steam Fitters' 

Protective Association, addressed 135 apprentices on 

their duties and responsibilities. The citv board of 

education has offered to cooperate in furthering this 

constructive education by furnishing facilities for giving 

young men similarly employed instruction in var- 

: r>us subjects. This offer met with hearty response, 

all present indicating their intention of taking the 

course. 

445 

Employers will let the apprentices take one-half day 

ott each week with pay and the effort will have the 

support of both contractors and fitters. More of this 

work could be done with great benefit to all concerned. 

Newark Plumbers Educational Night 

The fifth Thursday night in every month in which it 

occurs is recognized in the Master Plumbers' Association 

of Newark, N. J, as educational night for which 

a special committee prepares instructive entertainment 

tor the members. On Thursday night, September 30, 

William J. Flynn, past president of the New York State 

Association of Master Plumbers and president of the 

Greater New York Association, was on the card to 

speak on the anti-siphon trap tests conducted by the 

New York City Association, Manhattan branch, but 

bad weather prevented his attendance. Frank K. Chew 

had come down to gather the instructive information 

that might be dispensed and was thrust into the breach. 

The meeting was opened by President Matthew J. 

Brady, who stated the purpose and then turned the 

meeting over to Charles Kolb, the chairman of the educational 

meeting committee. Mr. Kolb stated that it 

was the purpose of the association to provide for the 

membership during the year some highly instructive 

addresses from capable men and in Mr. Flynn's absence 

introduced Frank K. Chew as one of its old friends. 

Mr. Chew said he intended to take advantage of the 

association's good will to speak first about the history 

of plumbing papers in the industry and explained that 

Metal Worker, Plumber and Steam Fitter, the oldest 

one in the industry, established in January, 1874, had 

recently been purchased by Edwin A. Scott, publisher 

of Sheet Metal and that with a young man full of enter 

prise as the leader in the new organization, Metal 

Worker, Plumber and Steam Fitter and Sheet Metal 

would be merged and separated. The merger would 

mean the sheet metal working end of the old paper and 

the younger paper would make SHEET METAL WORKER, 

which would appear first on October 1, and then alternately 

with PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER, a new paper, 

which would start on October 8. He promised the 

hearers that the new PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER, 

with H. A. Call as its editor, would contain better information 

about the plumbing and heating industry than 

had been heretofore possible, particularly in the recent 

past. , 

Mr. Chew then spoke of the loyalty of the plumbers 

to the people of the country in their enterprising drive 

for protective plumbing laws and regulations to protect 

health. He said he felt sure if Mr. Flynn had been 

present he would have explained in detail the tests made 

in New York City, demonstrating that the trap of the 

re-sealing tvpe could never take the place of the trap 

which had its seal prntected by vent piping. 

He spoke of his return trip from the Kansas City 

convention of the National association with James Muir, 

who told bim of his experience with the development of 

the trap vent from T _-in. pipe until it had reached the 

present day sizes, pointing out that while there had been 

excellent plumbing regulations developed in different 

cities, thev all sprang from the Xew York City plumbing 

regulations perfected under James C. Baylis when he 

was editor of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER and chairman of the Department of Health of 

New York City. He explained the necessity of loyalty 

and support for the New York City associatinn which 

was on the skirmish line to protect the whole iilumbing

446 P L U M B E R A N D S T E A M F I T T E R October 8, 1920 

industry from the change urged by men who wished 

to save a few dollars on their building construction, 

rather than the men who desired to protect the health 

of the people at all hazards. 

Mr. Chew was asked many questions by interested 

hearers and received the statement from F. J. Sturn 

that he had been a reader of Metal Worker, Plumber 

and Steam Fitter and a subscriber since 1876. Past 

President Louis Maier said that when Sheet Metal 

started, he had become a subscriber to it and had read 

both papers, deriving great benefit. 

On Mr. Maier's motion a rising vote of thanks was 

given to Mr. Chew for his address and for the success 

of the new enterprise in the charge of two old friends. 

A Packless Quick Opening Valve 

The packless graduate valve, manufactured by the 

Bishop & Babcock Co, Cleveland, Ohio, is designed 

to be used on the supply ends of radiators and may 

be connected either at the top or bottom inlet. The 

graduated dial on the valve shows the portion of the 

radiator which is heated, a quarter turn completely 

opening or closing the valve. 

The valve is made packless by the seat above the 

valve stem which is held tightly in place by an extra 

large, heavy spring. The valve is equipped with a 

composition seat on which the valve turns. It is 

COMPOSITION SEAT which 

makes the Vacu-Graduate 

Valve packless. 

BRONZE VALVE STEM 

easily removable. 

OUTLET of sleam 

to radiator or 

coil. 

PORTS in valve through 

which steam passes to outlcl. 

INLEXfor steam. • 

A PACKLESS QUICK OPENING VALVE 

A QUARTER TURN of 

this lever-handle fully 

opens or closes the valve. 

HEAVY PHOSPHOR 

therefore self-cleaning, the steam entering radiator 

through ports in valve as shown. 

The valves are made in sizes J/_ to l 1 / in. inclusive 

and can be furnished in angle right or left hand corner 

or straightway pattern. r/urther information can be 

had by addressing the company at the above address. 

The Vaco Air Valve 

The Vaco air valve shown in the accompanying 

illustration is made by the Beaton & Caldwell Manufacturing 

Co, New Britain, Conn. As will be seen by 

the sectional view of air check at top of valve, it consists 

of a ball which automatically seals the orifice 

through which air is forced from the radiator, thus 

preventing the air returning into radiator through air 

valves. These valves are designed to be used with 

either the one or two-pipe system of steam heating, 

making it possible to maintain a partial vacuum 

throughout the system. Therefore, in using them all 

THE VACO AIR VALVE, PATENTED MAY 18, 1920 

joints where air might escape into the system should 

be carefully packed and made air tight, and the valve 

should be used on every radiator and on mains in the 

cellar if there are valves on the mains. 

The Vaco air check can be had for use in connection 

with other types of air valves, as it will be noted, 

BRONZE SPRING— that this section of the valve is separate from the 

always maintains tight valve proper and these checks can be had to screw 

seating of valve. Qn the other vaives at tfe same p o j n t Further in- 

BRONZE VALVE—con. formation as to sizes, etc, can be had by addressing 

trols amount of steam ti:e manufacturer at the above address. 

adnulted by partially or 

fully opening ports in seat. 

COMPOSITION SEAT on 

which vaive tum_ it.is Chicago Master Steam Fitters in Session 

self-cleaning,and unaffected 

b * sleam " On September 28 the regular meeting of the Chicago 

Master Steam Fitters' Association was held at the 

Hotel Sherman. The meeting was gotten under way 

with Vice-President Fred Black presiding in the ab 

sence of President Harry Hart, by all present enjoying 

a good dinner. One hundred and one members 

were on hand for the occasion which all voted a 

huge success. 


(Continued from Page 437 ) 

water poured in upstairs sink, the bubbles do not 

come through the lower sink and why, if it was 

stopped up, the water does not back up through the 

lower sink. But it does not. All that happens is 

that, when water is poured in upstairs sink, a drizzling 

sound is heard as the last water goes through the 

trap, but this sound is not heard downstairs Can 

you tell me what is wrong with this sink? It has got 

my goat.


'" •'"• 'I 1 ' 1 '"" • '•' -''• '" • •IIIIIIHUIIIIIIIHII IIIIIII IIIIIIIIJ IIIIII IIIIIIII! mm , : , 

THE MARKET I 

mi 

New York Comments 

STEAM GOODS 

The depletion of manufacturers' stocks of boilers 

and radiation due to war conditions is still affecting 

shipments. Most manufacturers report fairly prompt 

shipments for small size boilers. Stocks of the larger 

sizes are more limited, therefore shipments are somewhat 

delayed. One or two firms report favorable shipments 

on radiation. Most of them, however, are taking 

orders for shipment in from three to six weeks. 

Orders, particularly where they are such as to make 

foundry shipments necessary, should be placed promptly. 

There is a slight easing up of the demand for boilers 

and radiators. However, prices are firm, the advanced 

freight rates stimulating this tone. Apparently the 

peak has been reached and the general decline of prices 

in other fields hold out some hope for price decrease in 

the heating field although there is little tangible evidence 

of any cut in the immediate future. However, these 

reductions will be gradual rather than sharp. 

Stocks of pipe in eastern markets are severely depleted; 

manufacturers' shipments have shown a little 

improvement. However, large shipments of pipe to 

the western and southwestern oil fields indicate that 

no great relief will be had from this condition for some 

little time. 

PLUMBING GOODS 

A slight improvement is shown by the manufacturers' 

shipments of enameled ware and vitreous ware. Several 

jobbers report receipt of carload shipments with others 

on the way. However, the demand for this material 

plus the filling of back orders keeps it moving out of 

the jobbers' warehouses practically as fast as it is 

received, thus preventing the eastern jobbers from 

stocking up on these goods. The demand for plumbers' 

brass goods still exceeds the supply with many items 

extremely hard to get. 

No great change of prices for plumbing goods can 

be prophesied for the near future. Generally the demand 

is still greater than the supply and until this is 

evened up or reversed, present prices will hold. 

Chicago Comments 

Just how far the reduction of prices in some lines 

will affect plumbing and heating materials, is not as yet 

apparent. At present prices in the Chicago market are 

generally well maintained. 

The general situation is one of exceptional quiet. 

There is a lack of buying as little new work is being 

done, contractors waiting to see what happens, and just 

purchasing sufficient material to carry on operations 

from day to day. 

Stocks of wrought pipe are practically non-existent 

in Chicago, though producers have plenty piled up at 

mills, but still find difficulty in getting it moved. Some 

items of enameled iron ware are scarce and double drain 

board enameled sinks are impossible to get. Brass 

goods and fittings are in fair supply, with some few 

sizes short. Makers of brass goods generally are maintaining 

present prices. Soil pipe and fittings are fairly 

plentiful, and jobbers are able to secure reasonably 

prompt shipments from mills. Makers' prices generally 

have not advanced since January 1. 

In the heating field a slight advance was made about 

the last week in September for boilers and radiators by 

several manufacturers, and an increased freight allowance 

was announced. A well known maker of smokeless 

type soft coal plate boilers maintains prices of 

January 1, while a maker of a well known downdraft 

construction sectional, cast iron, bases prices as of 

April 1, and no indications of advances. 

Chicago business is reported as very slow, while a 

good demand comes from outside. Deliveries of boilers 

are better than for radiators. Manufacturers have a 

good volume of orders on their books and daily are becoming 

better able to increase their volume of production, 

so that the future outlook is more encouraging. 

Pig Iron—There was not as easy a feeling apparent 

as in semi-finished and finished steel during the week, 

though there was little interest in buying either for 

prompt shipment or for next year. The consumers' 

attitude of waiting to see what will happen indicates 

his anticipation at the moment for further price reductions. 

Coke is coming through to this section in good 

tonnages and the price stands at $16 a ton with contracts 

being made for future delivery at $12. Prices 

are quoted elsewhere in this issue. 

Copper—The market is still quiet and some shading 

of prices has been noted, though large sellers continue 

to hold metal for November and December deliveries at 

19 cents. A great reduction in operations in many 

foundries has forced deliveries to be carried over 

of metal contracted for early in the year. 

Tin—The market is spotty and there is considerable 

range in prices for various deliveries. There is little 

demand and prices in Chicago are now 47y cents for 

pig and 49>_ cents for bar tin. 

Pead—There has been a further concession made by 

the leading interest and now is even with the outside 

markets quotations. Importations are in larger volume 

and some importers are shading quotations. In the 

local market American pig is now 8.55 cents and bar 

lead 9.05 cents. 

Zinc—The situation continues dull and very quiet. 

The price of slab zinc in Chicago is lower now at 8 1 . 

cents a pound- 

Solder—The various grades of solder are unchanged, 

warranted 50-50 being 31>_ cents, 45-55, 29>_ cents; 

and plumbers, 27 1 Pig Iron 

Foundry Pig Iron—The prices in the different centers 

show dullness, . cents and a in tendency 100-lb. towards lots. lower range. 

New York 

E Pa. No. 1 * 55 - 52 to * 57 - 52 

BPa.No.2X 553.77 to $55.77 

E pa No 2 $ 52 - 52 t0 554.52 

Buffalo 554.46 

Virginia No. 2 $56.16


Chicago 

Northern No. 1 $48.25 

Northern No. 2 $46.00 

Southern No. 1 $50.92 to $51.87 

Southern No. 2 $49.92 to $50.37 

Southern F dry $48.67 

Philadelphia 

E. Pa. No. 2 $52.26 to $52.54 

E. Pa. No. 2X $53.51 to $53.79 

Virginia No. 2 $55.74 

Virginia No. 2X $56.99 

Cleveland 

Northern No. 2 $47.56 to $48.56 

Southern F dry $49.92 

Ohio Silvery $63.36 

Cincinnati 

Southern Coke $46.50 

Southern Coke No. 2 $47.74 

Ohio Silvery $62.50 

South Ohio No. 2 $48.50 

Old Materials 

NEW YORK 

Scrap Iron—Sluggishness on the part of buyers is 

noted in all centers, with a marked tendency toward 

lower levels and the past week has been the greatest 

drop in prices noted in some time. Some large orders 

placed in some centers have not checked the downward 

trend. 



No. 1 machinery east $39.00 to $40.00 






2 ft. long) 18.00 to 19.00 


Old Metals, New York—Prices generally are a little 

lower and business is quiet. Dealers' buying prices are 

as follows: 

Cents per lb. 











Zinc 5.25 

Old Metals, Chicago—Prices at which leading buyers 

are taking old metals are as follows: 

Copper, heavy 14 to 14,_ 

Copper, light \2y to 12->_ 

Red brass 14 to 14 1 /; 

Heavy yellow brass 9^4 to 10 

Brass, light 8j4 to 8 1 /. 

Brass borings \2% to 12^_ 

Lead, heavy 6j/_ to 6j4 

Tea lead 43A4 to 5 

Solder joints 9 to 9^4 

Block tin pipe 31 to 33 

Mixed babbitt 7 to 7^_ 

Zinc 5 to S J A 

Old Rubher—The market is a dull affair with no indication 

of a trend. Prices are unchanged. Wholesale 

dealers buying quotations are: 

Boots and shoes 5 % to 6 

Trimmed Arctics 4 % to 4 % 

Auto tires 2 to 2 Yt 

Bicycle tires 1 to 1 % 

Solid tires 2 to 2 % 

No. 1 inner tubes • • 10 to 11 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4 % 


Mixed black scrap 1 % to 2 

Cotton flre hose % to 1 % 


Old Rags—The demand continues moderate with 

some firmness to the market. Wholesale dealers' prices 

are: 

No. 1 whites $12.00 to $12.50 

No. 2 whites 5.50 to 6.00 





Paper Stock—The movement continues good and 

prices are steady. Wholesale dealers' buying qualities 

for New York are: 



Notes on Prices, New York 

Linseed Oil—The market is irregular and the demand 

quiet with a cut in price and a weak tendency. In lots 

of 5 bbls. and over city raw American seed is quoted 

at $1.17 and out of town raw American seed is quoted 

at $1.17. In less than 5 bbl. lots 3c more per gallon is 

asked. Boiled oil brings 2c more than raw. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Stocks are low for the time 

though the output has been larger. Yet the market is 

weak and a 4c cut puts the wholesale price in machine 

barrels in yard at $1.40 per gallon. 

Rosin—Weakness in the market is noted with buyers 

waiting further cut in price. On the basis of 280 lbs. 

to the barrel the wholesale price of common-to-good 

strained is $13.25. Grade D is $13.74. 

Special Meeting of Heating Engineers 

A special meeting of the American Society of Heating 

and Ventilating Engineers will be held on Monday,. 

October 18, in conjunction with the opening meeting 

of the New York Chapter for the purpose of considering 

and voting on the proposed increase in dues 

for members of the Society. This meeting is of vital 

importance at the present time and it is imperative 

that all members attend who can arrange to do so. 

The business session of the annual meeting of the 

Society will be held on Tuesday, January 25, in New 

York City as usual. At the close of the business session 

the meeting will be adjourned to Philadelphia 

for the transaction of all other matters to be 

brought before the session. The Eastern Pennsylvania 

Chapter, the largest chapter of the Society, having 

130 members, will act as host and the members are 

now enthusiastically preparing to extend to all members 

attending a most cordial and hearty welcome. 

They are also arranging a program of entertainment 

that will make the meeting at Philadelphia one long to 

be remembered. This inovation in holding the meeting


of the Society promises a healthy reaction and can 

but result in a general benefit to the industry. 

Death of Philip Brady 

Few men had endeared themselves to their fellows 

more firmly than Philip Brady whose funeral on September 

24 brought many members of the Master 

Plumbers' Association of New York to attend the 

services. Mr. Brady was a veteran of the Civil War 

and his devotion to the flag made him the bearer of 

the colors at the convention of the National Association 

for many years when he served New York City 

as a delegate. Mr. Brady served the Manhattan 

Branch in many official capacities and his counsel was 

sought in all important matters. For many years he 

conducted a plumbing business at 863 Sixth avenue 

but a few years ago he retired and was succeeded by 

his son, Hugh J. Brady. Two daughters and one 

son survive him. 

A Booklet on Fan Heating and Ventilating 

Work 

"Standard Pipe Coal Heaters" is the title of a booklet 

issued by the Buffalo Forge Co., Buffalo, N. Y., 

containing 70 pages, which has been prepared with 

a view making it useful to architects and engineers 

in figuring the requirements for fan heating and 

ventilating work and to meet all the conditions usually 

met so that the user can read the values direct. Then 

there are curves giving the values for steam pressure, 

air velocities and there have been entered the tables 

of the Vento cast iron low pressure heaters. 

The text starts off with the conditions or requirements 

that must be met by heaters connected with 

fan systems. These are enumerated and then there 

are illustrations given of the different types of pipe 

coil heaters, followed by methods of calculating 

heater requirements and tables giving the maximum 

velocity under different conditions, friction, and then 

comes the sizes and dimensions of the heaters and 

the casing. Interspersed between the text are diagrams 

and illustrations of the goods themselves and 

of installations under various conditions. The remainder 

of the book is devoted to heaters, tables and 

curves under different steam pressures and different 

velocities so that there is little that cannot be told from 

a consultation with this commendable work. 

A Water Heater for Stock Tanks 

The Hudson Manufacturing Co., Deerfield, Wis., 

has solved for the farmer the problem of taking the 

chill off the drinking water for cattle during the 

winter season by the immersion of the Nelson stock 

tank in the watering trough used for the cattle and 

other stock. The Nelson water heater is made of 

steel plates and castings and arranged to be submerged 

in the watering trough or in a tank containing 

liquid of any character for industrial or other purposes. 

There is an opening through which fuel may 

be supplied and from the other end of the submerged 

tank there is a smoke pipe to carry away products 

of combustion. 


SATISFACTION 

300,000 

Vogel Frost - Proof 


Get VOGEbS from 



Closets. 














part of closet when not in 

operation. 

your jobber 

Wilmington Delaware 

Uses Less Soap 

Needs Less Attentio 

The time employes waste in caring for individ 

ual soap fixtures is saved under this system, and 

liquid soap is more economical than having bar 

soap for every basin. 

Watrous Liquid 

(Gravity) 

Soap System 

One central, easy-to-fill container serves any 

number of wash stands. A simple valve delivers 

the soap without waste or drip. 

As you can install a Watrous System without 

disturbing the existing plumbing, old buildings 

as well as new ones are customers for you. 

Every sale brings a contract for installation. 

Write for our free illustrated catalog and 

information. 


1223 W. Harrison St., Chicago, III. 

Watrous sanitary plumbing equipment includes Watrous 

Duojet Closets, Urinals, Self-closing Cocks, Drinking 

Fountains and Up-to-date Specialties.

450 P L U M B E R A N D S T E A M F I T T E R October 8. 1920 

The Barometers of American Business 

Week Ending October 1, 1920 

(Copyright by THE STREET, Inc.) 

LW—Last Week (Shown by the Barometers) PW—Previous Week Y—Corresponding Week Last Year 1919—1919 Weekly average, taken as normal 

PW 

/?/? 

LY 

LY- 

PW. 

LY 

LY- 

PW- 

PW. 

II I 

PW 

PW. 

____ 

LY- 

PW 

/f/f 

LY 

1 1 

BUSINESS BUILDING FOOD TIME BANK DEMAND BANK STOCK SALES BOND 

FAILURES CONTRACTS PRICES MONEY LOANS DEPOSITS CLEARINGS (N. Y. Stock SALES 

(Dun's) (F. W. Dodge Co.) (Annalist) (90 days (N. Y. Clearing(N. Y. ClearmgfN. Y. Clearing Exchange) (N. Y. Stock 

(Number) (In Millions) (Index No.) Mixed) House) House) House) (Thousands of Exchange) 

LW 

PW 

LY 

1919 

171 

188 

89 

124 

$711 

46t 

76% 

49 

266* 

268J 

283J 

296 

8% 

8% 

6% 

6"_% 

(In Millions) 

$5,393t 

5,190t 

5.322J 

5,012 

(In Millions) 

$4,143t 

4,078}: 

4,157t 

4,051 

(In Millions) 

$4,495t 

4,530$ 

4,556* 

4,506 

Shares) 

4,713t 

4,387t 

7,120t 

6,017 

(In Thousands) 

$101,52St 

84,122t 

68,872t 

72,523 

t Week ended Friday. t One week earlier than other barometers. 

The decline in prices continues unabated and is the 

chief feature in the summary of the week's business 

and financial situation, says The Street of Oct. 4. This 

is reflected in the index of food prices by a decline 

of two points, but all the declines announced have 

not as yet reached the consumer. Business failures 

are high but less than the previous week, while the 

number of building contracts let shows a marvelous 

jump. This is partly due to the New York housing 

laws recently enacted. 

Call money remains the same at 7 per cent, while 

time money at times seems easier, with 7y per cent 

quoted for some grades. Bank loans have expanded 

and so have deposits, but the former has increased 

at about three times the rate of the latter. Clearings 

were slightly less and stock sales slightly greater. The 

bond market shows a big boom, with an increase of 

over $17,000,000 in sales over the previous week. 

Commodities were badly hit as far as prices were 

concerned. Spot cotton was down 3y cents per 

pound; wheat declined 17 cents per bushel, while corn 

was 5 cents per bushel less for December delivery. 

Raw sugar was iy cents per pound less than the previous 

week and refined sugar iy cents less. Coffee 

alone of the agricultural commodities remained almost 

stationary. 

There were no important developments in the fuel 

markets. Producers complain of further car shortages 

and there were no pressing demands by buyers. Little 

activity prevailed in the iron and steel market and 

prices are sbowing a decided tendency to lower figures. 

Similar conditions prevailed in the copper, lead and 

zinc markets. It is probable that this state of affairs 

is merely temporary and due largely to the results of 

the calling of loans by bankers. 

The foreign exchange market was nervous and 

irregular throughout the week. Sterling was lower, 

but German marks and Austrian kronen were firmer. 

There were no important changes in Dutch and 

Scandinavian rates. The opinion of traders indicates 

that, under the influence of improved sterling rates, 

the exchange market in the near future will advance 

to a higher plane. 

Six ViewsJJsed Effectively in Advertising 

A mail card is being used by William S. Roe, 

dealer in heating, factory heating and plumbing supplies 

and giving the name as "The House of Service," 

15-31 River street, Newark N. J. Mr. Roe uses on 

one side of the card six views showing the establishment, 

the shipping room, the shipping department, 

the pipe shop, the factory department and the 

plumbing goods department. The text states that the 

frontage is 210 X 150 ft, in size, giving ample room 

to not only store the merchandise, but also to get 

out the various articles required in a shipment so 

as to be sure of having it all together before attempt 

is made to send to the transportation company. With 

its storage capacity for all kinds of plumbing and 

heating goods, its pipe stock and fittings and its pipe 

threading power machines and delivery trucks Mr. 

Roe states that he is well equipped to do business in 

the right way. The card is well calculated to make 

a favorable impression upon those who wish to deal 

with a house which has the facilities to handle orders 

promptly and correctly.

PLUMBER and 

STEAM FITTER 

Vol. XCIV, No. 15 OCTOBER 22, 1920 $2.00 a Year 



Make Your Banker Your Business Anchor—If in Borrowing Money from 

Ycur Bank You Feel You are Asking a Favor, then You Cannot Present 

Your Claim for Credit Properly—If Your Banker Does Not Know the 

Real You and the Real Facts That Determine the Value of Your Business 

[as Security, You Cannot Get the Credit to Wliich You Are Entitled 

Your bank is the greatest assest of your business, 

provided vou have understood and developed its possibilities. 

The establishment of permanent and sound 

credit with your banker is 

very simple, in fact, much 

easier than a slipshod practice 

of banking. 

That you know the total 

amount of resources which 

can be commanded in running 

your business, is as essentia! 

to you as the anchor 

is to the ship at sea. The 

reason is the same in either 

case. The ship carries an 

anchor for safety and convenience 

in any event. For 

the same reason should the 

business man have a knowledge 

of his resources. 

The bank is an institution 

resulting directly from the 

demand of business for a 

convenient method of transacting 

the financial portion of 

the business. It is one of 

the adjuncts to and a part 

complete facts are not available in order to play safe, 

they leave a wide margin on their side to guard against 

losses through error of judgment on their part. 

Therefore, if you are to 

take advantage of the wide 

margin of safety, you must 

be prepared to give your 

banker the facts. No sane 

man will invest money in 

your enterprise unless he 

knows the facts about that 

enterprise and what chance 

it has of making good. 

Neither will the bank do it. 

Your banker wants, and 

should have, from time to 

time statements of your 

business, showing the bills 

which you owe, when they 

are due, when they were 

incurred, notes, bonds guarantees 

and all other obligations 

for which you stand 

liable, also the money due 

vou, who owes it to you, a'l 

"about disputed bills, stock 

on hand, real estate, personal 

OT bu'lnesT Varindu^ BACK UTYOUR FINANCE STATEMENT WITH FULL property and all of the 

yourbsiness whether you EXPLANATIONS TO YOUR BANKER. GET ACQUAINTED other sources from which 

use it o its full extent 7 or WITH HIM. YOU WILL EIND HIM A GOOD FELLOW, you can derive money 

not The extent to which YOU WILL GET FROM HIM LOTS OF USEFUL That IS what your banker 

Tis _2f depends upon the INFORM wgjta ^ J ^ 

&by\?_tils_Sn _nd the amount the banker termine the real value of that part of your bus 

knows aboS that man and his business. then he will turn his attention to you personally. Fig- 

Sod banks are extremely well organized institutions ures mean nothing to the banker unless he is tho.ough- 

and do not conduct business in _ haphazard way. lv satisfied that the statement has been ably and hon- 

Thev and inSst base upon their dealings havin| them. on facts. Otherwise Thev want when facts the estly husiness. compiled. their knowledge He wants to of know the business the personnel and previous of the


record so that he can accurately judge of their ability 

to manage, finance and conserve the assets of that 

business. 

now YOUR BUSINESS WILL BE JUDGED 

Many questions enter the banker's mind. He must 

satisfy himself that vour statement contains sufficient 

quick assets, that is, things from which, if under 

pressure, vou could get enough funds to pay off all 

bills against you. He must also know how quickly 

money could be realized from these assets. Those are 

the things on which the banker will judge you and 

your business and determine the extent of the credit 

to extend to you. 

When you have furnished the banker with this information, 

you have a perfect right to know from him 

what amount he has set as limit vou can borrow from 

his bank. Not only are you entitled to know this, but 

it is necessarv that you do know it in order that you 

may go forward with your \arious enterprises in full 

confidence and with a previous plan of action for 

carrying them to completion. This knowledge also 

forewarns you of what to expect in your business dealings 

with the bank and offers an opportunity of making 

provision, far in advance, for your needs. 

If you take your banker into vour confidence and 

make him a partner to the enterprise, the troubles and 

worries consequent to haphazard banking will be eliminated 

and the time spent in figuring how vou are going 

to meet this or that bill will be avoided as you will 

have settled that question before the bills were incurred. 

DON'T ALLOW YOUR CREDIT TO DECLINE 

There is one thing further that is first importance 

in all your banking transactions. Credit is not stationary. 

It ?oes up or down in proportion to vour 

success or failure and the amount of regard vou show 

in attending to vour obligations. Therefore, one of 

the necessary and important things in banking business 

is to promptly attend all of vour obligations at the 

bank, to settle your accounts with the firms from which 

you purchase material, when due, or better still, to 

discount the bills. That does two things; it more 

firmly establishes your credit at the bank and with 

the manufacturer or jobber from whom vou are buying. 

It also places you in the class of responsible and 

desirable customers for whose business there is keen 

competition among the manufacturer and jobbers. It 

entitles you to the lowest market prices, which are, 

many times, much less than those asked and required 

of vour less business like competitors. 

Your more close association with vour hanker will 

give you a wider outlook on business and keep vou 

in closer touch with the trend of the market affording 

you many opportunities of saving through advance 

purchases. In fact, it holds forth so manv advantages 

as to be one of the most important branches of business 

and should be thoroughly developed. 

Kansas City Chapter New Officers 

The first meeting of the Kansas Citv Chapter of the 

American Societv of Heating and Ventilating Engineers 

w.s held Friday, October 1, in the Savoy Flotel, 

Kansas Citv, Mo. 

The meeting was devoted to an interesting paper on 

Fuel Efficiencv, presented bv H. C. Balsiger of the 

Kansas Citv Prudenized Coal Co. 

As it was the annual meeting the following officers 

were selected for the 1920-1921 Chapter year: President, 

John H. Kitchen, John H. Kitchen & Co., engineers; 

vice-president, Finn iW. Mills, Security Stove 

Co.; secretary, George P. Dickson, B. F. Sturtevant 

Co.; treasurer, R. Ward Hillman, U. S. Radiator Corp. 

Board of Governors: F. A. Sheppard, Johnson Service 

Co.; B. Natkin, Natkin Eng. Co., and R. M. Stackhouse, 

American Radiator Co. 

The following committees were appointed: 

Membership—Martin Hauser, Chairman, General 

Heating Supply Co.; Herbert E. Barth, American 

Blower"Co.; L. A. Stephenson, Powers Regulator Co.; 

Benjamin F. Cook, Gillham Eng. Co., and W. W. 

Howe, Ideal Heating Co. 

Publicity—lohn Pease, Chairman, Kewanee Boiler 

Co.; F. A. Sheppard, Johnson Service Co.; George 

P. Dickson, secretary. 

The policy of inviting outside speakers of prominence 

will be continued. Various topics for the monthly 

meetings are to be considered by the Board of Governors, 

also the appointment of the committees to be in 

charge of monthly meetings to be held the first Friday 

of each month, and the topics they are to handle. 

The membership of the Kansas City Chapter has been 

increased to 45, bv the election of the following members 

: Sydney Pines, Kansas City, Mo.; Everett Kirker 

Campbell, Kansas City, Mo.; W. R. Threelfall, Wichita, 

Kan.; George Edward Foley, Kansas City. Mo., and 

Alvin Dudfield. Liberty, Mo. 

Dangers in Cutting Up Gas Cylinders 

Because of the danger to scrap dealers who cut up 

compressed gas cylinders, the Compressed Gas Manufacturers' 

Association, New York, has requested the 

National Association of Waste Material Dealers to 

warn its members and suggest that they sell any cylinders 

coming to them back to the Compressed Gas 

Manufacturers' Association. 

They call attention to an accident in Pittsburgh 

in Tuly, when workmen were sawing through an ammonia 

tank. As soon as the teeth penetrated the 

metal the tank was blown to bits and eight workmen 

were injured. The gas manufacturers' association also 

emphasizes that these tanks are always the propertof 

the company which first owns them, the name being 

stamped upon them, and that they cannot be legally 

sold. 

George B. Limbert Dead 

George Brown "Limbert, founder and president of 

George B. Limbert & Co., 570 Fulton street, Chicago, 

111., and for 20 years a leading figure in the iron industry, 

died on October 17, at his home, 6212 Ingleside 

avenue. 

Mr. Limbert was born in Ripon, Wis., in 1862 and 

came to Chicago in 1886, founding the firm bearing 

his name in 1879. He was a member of the executive 

committee of the National Iron Pipe and Supply 

Association and was active in Masonic circles. 

Pie is survived by a son and a daughter. Funeral 

services were held in Woodlawn Masonic Temple under 

the auspices of the Woodlawn Park Lodge A. F. 

and A. M. No. 841 and interment was at Oakwoods.



Prevention "Two Pounds to the G 

There are Thousands of Homes Where Solvent Could and Should 

be Used, and Where All of It Should and Could be Sold by the 

Plumber-The Plumber Has Only to Explain Its Need to the Customer 

In the old days when we were kids, the black iron 

kitchen sink was a fairly respectable piece of equipment. 

The sink and the woodwork about it were kept 

well scrubbed, and about once a month a piece of 

lump potash, about the size of an egg, was put in the 

sink. This potash gradually entered solution with the 

water that was poured into the sink and the inaccessible 

parts of sink and waste pipe were cleaned and 

thoroughly sterilized by the solvent action of the 

potash, as the lump lasted for two or three days. 

The amount of scrubbing of the present may or 

an ?. 

MECHANICAL APPLIANCE USELESS HERE 

The Brown-Wales Price Guide 

By referring to the illustration, it will readily be seen 

how impossible it is to get at this filth by mechanical Buyers of plumbing, steam and water goods and 

means, and the extended area on which it can collect, sheet metals in New England who keep the price 

also the need of removing it. Were the exact condi guide issued by Brown-Wales Co., Boston, Mass., can 

tions known in thousands of homes, the housewives make comparisons and see the changes that have 

would insist that plumbers afford an immediate remedy. occurred in the extensive line of goods handled by 

They would not think of permitting such conditions the company. They will find the price list a great 

to exist right in the midst of all the food being pre convenience inasmuch as it is arranged to take one 

pared in the kitchen. That is the vital spot of the discount from all plumbing goods from cover to 

home; the spot that is the beginning of all sanitary cover and an exhaustive line is listed, illustrated 

equipment in the home; the one spot of all in which and many are briefly described. The catalogue also 

the housewife expends the most energy and care to prices steam and hot water house heating boilers and 

keep perfectly clean and sanitary. 

it gives the prices of the various lines of sheet metal 

Therefore so far she is compelled to put up with standard lines and manufactured products. 

453 

this defect in structure, hut once knowing the defect, 

she is going to utilize the best means of eliminating all 

odor or danger of sickness from that point. She is 

going to make and keep that spot as clean and sanitary 

as it is possible to make it through using the best 

agent the market affords. 

The old maxim that "An ounce of prevention is 

•worth a pound of cure,' will have its way. It is the 

inherent principle on which thousands of homes are 

organized, and one of the essential features of that 

prevention is the removal of dirt and filth. If you 

doubt that, you have but to think back to those happy 

Sunday mornings when mother got out the wash basin, 

put in a little soap and warm water, got up a good 

lather, and then went, what felt like two miles up into 

your ear, with the wash cloth after dirt, while vou had 

your face all puckered up with pain and disgust. That 

is proof of the pudding; dirt isn't tolerated in .thousands 

of American homes. 

CHEMICAL SOLVENT HERE TO STAY 

A MOST INSANITARY SPOT IN THE MIDST OF GOOD THINGS 

Potash is of the past, but the chemical solvent, 

its intensive solvent properties, is here to stay and 

can be used with equally good, if not better results. 

If a solution of the solvent is poured into the sink, 

at the intervals of once a month or oftener, this decayed 

matter will be attacked by the solution and 

carried down the pipe leaving the'.sink pipe clean and 

sanitary and at the same time danger of stoppage lower 

TO EAT 

down the pipe eliminated. In other words Solvent 

used in this way prevents odors, disease from this 

may not be equivalent of that of years gone by, but source, and danger of stoppages in the sewer line, at 

the potash has gone by the boards with the march of one and the same operation. 

time and no substitute has taken its place. 

This is legitimate husiness for the plumber and the 

That this is a fact can be verified by any interested profits therefrom should go into his pocket rather than 

party, simply by removing the trap and strainer from in the pocket of some outsider who through more 

the present day kitchen sink, particularly if it is of the initiative has Solvent on his shelves, but lacks the 

cast iron variety. Decaying vegetable matter and grease knowledge necessary to push its sale. 

will be found under the strainer in the outlet of sink And the profits will go into the pocket of the 

and down the side trap to water line. This condi plumber who accepts the opportunities which are altion 

is not the fault of the housewife as it is impossible ways within his grasp. If you are to get prestige and 

for her to get at these places to clean them. However, a reasonable profit for your effort, the merchandising 

if is the source of disagreeable odor, if not a menace 

to the health of the occupant. 

end of your business must be developed.


Modern Plumbing Work in the Skyscraper 

These Further Problems Met in Designing and Installing Plumbing 

in the Modern Skyscraper Are Interesting in That They Show That 

Plumbers and Plumbing Have Kept Pace with other Industries. 

Hot water is produced by three 700 gal. storage type 

generators, supplied with cold water from house tanks 

on roof and fitted with U type tube heating surface of 

no less capacity than 3000 gal. of water per hour from 

50 deg. to not less than 180 deg. with steam at atmospheric. 

Each generator is supplied with thermostatic 

control and provided with safety valve. 

As fixtures are supplied with hot water some 500 ft. 

distant from generators, it is evident that there must be 

a circulation maintained in hot water mains and risers 

so that hot water can be had promptly at these fixtures. 

This circulation is maintained by gravity plus the assistance 

of an electrically driven centrifugal pump, hav- 

_P 

£______ 

! Y4Y 1 m . z' 

,______- 

|1__-J[ 

SECTION OP RISER DIAGRAM SHOWING FIRE STAND PIPES, 

HOUSE TANKS AND CONSTRUCTIONS, AND TYPICAL LEADER 

CONSTRUCTION 

ing a capacity of 150 gal. per minute. By having a circulation 

in the hot water mains and risers, all regulating 

valves are precluded in those lines. Therefore, the 

generators are constructed extra heavy and sufficiently 

strong to withstand a working pressure of 250 lb. per 

square inch. 

The expansion of the pipe forming the cold water 

line, drainage stacks and branches, vent lines and 

branches is considered as nil, as the temperature varia 

tion i.s not great and the expansion taking place in the 

structure of building equalizes the expansion of pipe. 

The expansion of hot water lines when in horizontal 

position is taken care of by means of four fitting loops 

placed at frequent intervals, with loop lengths of 8 to 

10 ft. The expansion of hot water risers is taken care 

of by the use of five fitting swing loops spaced about 

65 ft. apart, allowing of three movable joints to each 

loop. Thc lines are securely anchored at intermediate 

points. 

All water lines are tested for four consecutive 

hours at a hydrostatic pressure of 250 lb. per square 

inch at the basin. All leaks are repaired by replacing 

any of the defective pipe and fittings. 

The basement and sub-basement fixtures 

are supplied with direct city pressure and 

cross -onnected through regulating valves 

to ro: f tank. The waste from these fixtures 

is discharged into two "Shone" twocylinder 

type sewage ejectors of 350 gal. 

capacity which elevates it to city sewer. 

The valves used in connection with this 

installation are Jenkins Brothers or equal, 

full weight gate valves being used on \y2 

in. and all larger size pipes. Globe or 

angle globe valves are used on \y in. and 

smaller size pipes except on hot water 

lines and branches where all are gate 

valves. All iron body valves are of Fairbanks 

manufacture. This includes the 

valves used on the gas system. 

The fixtures used through the building 

are manufactured and supplied by the 

Trenton Potteries Co., the closets being 

the T. P. plate 2872-N Welling siphon jet 

closets, equipped with iy in. Sloan flush 

valves with Benedict nickel handles. The 

lavatories are T. P. Victory type, 24 in., 

fitted with Benedict nickel faucets. Slop 

sinks are T. P. plate 3528-N. Showers, 

kitchenette sinks and trays are also of 

Trenton Potteries manufacture. 

The section of floor plan shown illus 

4' LowLmlWnt 

trates the typical layout of plumbing on 

all floors from the sixth to the fifteenth 

inclusive. The other floors vary somewhat 

from this layout. 

The complete installation requiring 468 

closets, 205 urinals, 904 lavatories, 2 bath 

tubs, 4 laundry trays, 3 kitchenette sinks, 80 slop 

sinks and 5 showers. The lavatories throughout are 

supported by anchors built into partition to which 

hangers for basins are bolted. 

All machinery, such as pumps, compressors and 

motors, receive three coats of best quality white lead 

and oil paint and one coat of varnish. All o-alvanized 

and black pipe and fittings uncovered receive two coats 

of lead and oil. All exposed pipes, fittings and valves 

which have non-conducting covering will also have 

coverings painted with two good coats of lead and oil 

tinted as desired. The cast iron pipe is painted one 

coat of black asphaltum.

October 22, 1920 

Hot water piping throughout the building is covered 

with 1-in. standard thickness air cell covering. Where 

pipe is exposed to freezing temperature, the covering 

will be hair felt, three layers, 1 in. thinck each, covered 

Waive w/rh 

From House Pumps fritting Pipe iong Stem if Capped Roof 

.-' . ./ Thru Roof \^ : Q(/Het" 

t 

tl 

A' 

ti 

_ 

ti 

_ 

____ 

4 Quick Opening 

Oates to Dram 

-j*-* 

3 

-3_ 

P L U M B E R A N D STEAM FITTER 

ateWiw? 

d'tateWves 4'MaiTWt 

SegkdOpen of Tanks 

tl 

3 

H_ 

-. > 

6 Check 

Valve k -M!2i 

Prip 

A,"[, to5i/mp 

if Relief - n„p-3-2A 

Hose 

Ycrlve Valves 

. 

WT^ta 

778 

hj 

!H_ 

_) 

h 

3 

h_ 

:JEL 

• . 

J JL. 

/" 

.-. 

J -CO. CO. J-,- - 

I"Prip 

to Sump 

SECTION OF PLAN SHOWING TOILET ROOMS AND FIXTURES 

ox TYPICAL FLOOR OF CUNARD BUILDING 

with resin paper wired on. Cold water branches built 

in floors are covered with anti-sweat covering made of 

alternate layers of wool felt and paper y in. thick and 

both hot and cold water lines covered with a shield 

of 16 gauge galvanized iron extending full length of 

pipe under floor, placed before concrete is poured. 

The leader system as indicated by section of leader 

riser drawing consists of four 5-in., four 6 in. and one 

4-in. risers, two of which are shown in illustrations. 

These are connected by flexible leaded connections to 

Holt type Xo. 3 leader boxes. 

The fire protection system is an independent unit 

composed of stand pipes through the building from 

house tanks in pent house, with Siamese connections 

at street level for fire engine connections. Hose racks 

with hose and' nozzles are provided at every floor as 

shown by two of the three stand pipe illustrated. 

In order to eliminate execessive pressure in these 

lines check valves set against tank pressure are in- 

455 

serted in stand pipes at points 171 ft. 7 in., 221 ft 3 

in 267 ft. 6 in. and 304 ft.—down from the bottom 

ot tank. Around these checks are by-passes as shown 

containing a regulating valve. Also it will be seen by 

referring to the illustration that immediately under 

the house tank there are 8 in. check valves in stand 

pipe These are set to admit water from tanks to 

stand pipes only. In this manner the water can flow 

from the house tanks through by-pass regulating 

yalve to outlets on the various floors and the pressure 

is under control at all times, and by regulating the 

valves any desired pressure can be maintained. The 

water is stopped from flowing straight down through 

the stand pipes by the check valves at by-pass point. 

When fire engines are connected to the Siamese 

connection at street line, the water can be freely 

pumped up through the stand pipes at which time it 

will pass through the check valves into the stand pipe. 

it being impossible to force water the reverse way 

through the regulating valve. However, the water will 

be stopped from being pumped into tank in pent 

houses by the check valves which are located immediately 

under tank. This allows of the fire engines 

creating such pressure in the fire lines as they are 

capable of. 

All lines are valved at tanks and are connected into 

10 in. main fire lines in sub-basement. 

Movies to Show Asbestos Industry 

The Johns-Manville Co., in co-operation with the 

United States Bureau of Mines, is preparing a moving 

picture film of the asbestos industry. This film is 

intended to portray the mining and milling of asbestos 

in the Quebec and Arizona fields, the processes of 

fiberizing, spinning and weaving, and the manufacture 

of the various products in which asbestos constitutes 

an essential part. It will also include pictures of the 

company's extensive asbestos plant now under construction 

at Waukegan, 111. 

The thousands, or rather millions, of people to 

whom this picture vvill be presented will gain a 

much clearer idea of the many uses and the indispensable 

character of asbestos than could be gained 

in any other way. 

A Revised Estimating Chart, for Heating 

A revised estimating chart, to assist the heating contractor 

in correctly estimating the size of mains, 

branches and radiation for vapor heating systems has 

been issued by the Bottum Valve Co., 213 W. Schiller 

street, Chicago. It is printed on stiff, durable green and 

white linen stock and folds into a convenient pocket size. 

The company has a limited supply which are being 

offered to the trade at a nominal price. It makes vapor 

heating specialties including thermostatic radiator traps, 

air eliminators, damper regulators and various things 

for steam and hot water systems. 

Pamphlet on the Powminco Line 

The Powhatan Mining Co., Woodlawn, Baltimore, 

Md., whose business is the mining and the chemical 

preparation of asbestos filters, has just issued a very 

readable pamphlet on "What Powminco Products Will 

Do for Me."


Vital! Vital! The Vanishing Point of Profit 

The Charted Courses of Business Show How Easily a Business 

May Run Amuck in the Wilderness of Guesses—How 

You Lose Where You Think You Have a Sure Profit 

That things are not always what they seem is clearly of $90,632 and an auto and truck expense of 

demonstrated by the information gathered by the nearly 3.7 per cent, as against 2.8 per cent, shown by 

Cleveland Association of Heating and Ventilating Con- Class A Xo. 4, with a direct cost of $144,342 and an 

tractors in a comprehensive survey of business condi- auto and truck expense of $4069. 

tions as they existed in that industry among Cleveland This information gives a general idea as to what 

__E_Sc_ 

B 

C 

D 

E 

r 

G 

H 

I 

J 

K 

L 

CLASS A 

LABOR 

MATERIALS 

TOTALDIRECTCOST 

A EXt-C. SALARIES 3492 

EST'M-G & SELLING 4265 

OFFICE SALARIES 

NOM-PROD. LABOR 

AUTO & TRUCK E1P. 968 

320 

RENT 

DEPRECTi OF EQUIP. 

REPAIRS & REPL'liT. 

ADVERTISING 

TAXES 

INTEREST 

IMSURANCE 

•M ASSN. DUES 

If BAD ACCOUNTS 

0 HISC. EXPENSE 

TOTAL OVERHEAD 

contractors for the 1919. The information thus collected 

and tabulated in chart form was published in the 

official bulletin of the Heating and Piping Contractors 

National Association, August, 1920 issue. It clearly 

shows the ease with which fancied profits are absorbed 

in the overhead expenses. 

The charts reproduced here need but little explanation. 

In making these charts the businesses were 

grouped under two classifications. Those with direct 

costs ranging from $90,000 upwards were grouped 

in Chart A, those having direct cost ranging from 

$30,000 to $68,000 were grouped in Chart B. 

These charts tell the story completely. For instance, 

Chart A shows a total direct cost for nine firms 

of $1,405,375 at an overhead of $262,232 over 18.9 

per cent, average and a variation in the individual 

overhead expenses of from 11.5 to 27.4 per cent. 

Chart B shows a variation in overhead expenses of 15 

to 30 per cent and an average of 21.1 per cent, which 

is higher than that of larger shops. 

The charts have a further value as they contain information 

of vital interest to every business man 

affording comparative information which can be used 

in analyzing business in other section of the country. 

For example, No. 2 Class A shows a total direct cost 

1 

2 

3 

4 S 

6 

7 

8 

9 

TOTAL 

30700 35/69 47576 387/8 591/8 17863 777/3 60289 40249 400396 

65438 55464 177365 705623 '32263 94962 I3G//4 99334 133355 397979 

94/38 90632 224-342 /44MI/9/38/ 112825 2/3827 159623 173604 7405375 

70400 4/45 13000 20000 6685 22000 3/20 /OOOO 9344Z 

/662 2977 1200 3668 /OOOO 2526 5023 3/320 

1318 1202 /846 3345 1636 5026 5524 7006 20902 

/453 5269 1795 2362 13/4 3626 2155 650 78623 

3346 /685 47)69 6007 3593 40/0 46/5 2862 3/156 

52Z 2175 7020 2067 1/00 2475 556 /0234 

343 235 632 /ooo 925 96 /OO 3338 

1138 388 379 

847 2753 

337 

270 

/25 732 

447 366 737 485 /43 859 /4/0 746 3994 

149 SOU 2870 43 498 

273 4243 

237 324 649 648 975 573 7007 764 S/78 

276 876 627 7465 375' 9/3 7778 334 5296 

306 /S00 443 45 783 282/ 7J4 300 63S4 

/6/



$105,729, shows that the average daily charge for such 

directum is 28.3 per cent, of each man's pay or $2 5 

tor each $9 per day man employed. It wil also be 

noticed that the $29,923 charge only includes executive 

salary charges for five firms. If are added the execu 

ive salaries or the other two firms in proportion 

o those charged or $7750, to the $29.923, P wl have 

a otal of $37,673. This executive salary charge con- 

*m£ n A ? at '° n t0 _ the t0taI direct labor ch arge of 

$105,729 determines that the average daily charge for 

executive directions in this group was 36.5 per cent, of 

$3.29 tor each $9 per day man employed 

Now take the Class A labor cost of $400,396 and 

by the $400,396 we find that the executive salaries of 

1% ._!"_ hrmS ' S 23 ' 3 percent of the totaI la bor cost 

or $2.10 for each $9 per day man employed. 

PROFIT MAPE ON MATERIALS 

These figures prove, beyond a doubt, that heating 

contractors (and the same thing applies in the plumb 

ing trade) do not make any great amount of money 

on labor. The money, the real profit, is made on the A demonstration of dust explosions and how they 

materials used, not on the labor employed. That may are caused in grain elevators and other industrial plants 

seem a strange statement. Figures prove that the was scheduled to be given at the National Safety 

Uass B the mechanic draws $9, non-producing labor Louncil Congress in Milwaukee, September 29, by 

costs 41 cents, executive salaries cost $3 29 Add David J. Price, engineer in charge of grain-dust ex 

these and we get a total of $12.70. That means if a plosion investigations for the United States Depart 

charge of $12.70 per day is made for that man's time ment of Agriculture. 

is just pays the executive salaries. In other words 41 Explosions of this sort cost 80 lives and $7,000,000 

per cent, must be added to the daily wage of mechanics in property loss in the United States in nine months 

to get enough margin to pay for executive salaries. of 1919. Investigation by the department experts 

In Class A the mechanic draws $9, non-productive showed that such an innocent thing as mill dust will 

labor 41 cents and executive salaries $2.10, total $11.51 assume the rending capacity of TNT when mixed 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

r 

G 

H 

IT 

J 

JI 

L 

M 

N 

0 

1 • - * • 

CLASS B 

LABOR 

MATERIALS 

TO TAL DIRECT COST 

EXEC. SALARIES 

EST-M-G _. SELLING 

OEEICE SALARIES 

NON-PROD. LABOR 

AUTO & TRUCK EXf. 

RENT 

DEPREC'N OF EQUIP. 

REPAIRS $ REPL'MT. 

ADVERTISING 

TAXES 

INTEREST 

INSURANCE 

AS5N.DUE5 

BAD ACCOUNTS 

rilSC. EXPENSE 

TOTAL OVERHEAD 

1 

/4m 

2 

3 

457 

Have to be met in operating it and how easily a greater 

proht can be had by selling a greater amount of material. 

Uo not be misled by over-confidence. Work your 

business; do not let it work you. Be master of it by 

knowing all about it. Time spent in figuring where 

you are coming out is the most profitable that you 

spend. \ou do not have to rob people to make a 

profit, unless you guess as to what is going on, then 

you will have to rob some to stand the losses on 

others. That hurts you, it hurts vour fellow contractor 

it works an injustice on the public and it is unhealthy 

for the industry. 

CHARTS BASED ON FACTS 

These charts have entailed a large amount of effort 

to compile They carry facts vital to vour welfare. 

tôht by them. Look your own business over. Who 

is master, you or the business? 

4 

14960 77537 17362 216/8 9026 9837 

15884 24840 44517 86989 45255 25440 2534/ 

30276 39800 62054 5435/ 67853 34/62 p5/7S 

4620 4200 9600 5263 3120 

4488 101 / 

UO 546 7705 923 

/599 /560 1/99 /988 

365 

100 434 1843 7/3 779 

780 IIZ5 780 430 450 560 6/2 

782 62 

/ & • 54/ 100 

550 965 156 200 

127 

570 350 209 

33 

38 188 

132 435 19/ 

67 

4/7 548 

Z98 

107 27 

1707 1/43 890 887 29/1 1800 2119 

4608 10014 17/91 16435 II114 5480 67/3 

Grain-Dust Explosions Demonstrated 

5 

6 

7 

8 9 TOTAL 

105723 

2/7946 

323675 

29923 

5500 

3408 

67/2 

3869 

4537 

1049 

/474 

/27 

962 

226 

925 

1263 

/34 

/457 

7/566 

These figures show that 27.9 per cent, added to daily with air in certain proportions and ignited; and the 

wage of men produce just enough to pay executive strongest fire-proof structure is not proof against the 

salaries. resulting explosion. Explosions have been traced to 

These charts are not imaginary. They are based on such simple causes as a spark from belt friction, a 

cold facts. They vividly illustrate the vital necessity workman's pipe, and even the breaking of incadescent 

of knowing your business, the various costs which light globes.

458 P L U M B E R A N D STEAM FITTER October 22, 1920 

An Eye Opener That You Will Say Is Good 

That Big Business and Large Industries are Not the Result of Accident Is 

Clearly Demostrated by the Simple Story of a Catalogue in the Making 

The Walworth AIfg. Co., Boston, Mass., has just 

received a few advance copies of its export catalogue 

designated as the Walworth Export Catalogue No. 

35. The comprehensive nature of the work is shown 

by the chapter index. 

Malleable Iron Fittings 

Standard Weight Cast Iron Flanged Fittings 

Extra Heavy Cast Iron Flanged Fittings 

Cast Steel Fittings 

Power Plant Piping 

Pipe and Tubes 

Kewanee Union Specialties 

Brass Gate Valves 

Iron and Steel Gate Valves 

Brass Valves and Cocks 

Iron Valves and Cocks 

Steam Specialties 

Engine and Boiler Trimmings 

Pipe Tools 

Drive Well Points 

Ammonia Valves and Fittings 

Miscellaneous 

Conversion Tables 

Chapter Index 

Figure and Number Index 

English Index 

Spanish Index 

Portugese Index 

French Index 

PRINTED IN FOUR LANGUAGES 

It will be noted that the catalogue is printed in four 

languages—English, Spanish, Portuguese and French. 

The arrangement is such that these appear in the same 

sequence on each page throughout tbe book so that a 

man who can only read one language will have no 

serious difficulty in getting just the information he 

wants. 

The thought has been to bring out engravings in 

strong relief on the general presumption "that pictures 

are a universal language." Therefore on everv page 

the engravings occupy a very prominent position. 

THE COLOR SCHEME 

()ne verv difficult problem encountered was that having 

four languages on a page, introducing even a 

reasonable amount of information, would necessitate 

either a very large page or rather small type. The 

first intention seemed to show that it would have been 

extremely difficult to get four languages on the page 

when there had been only one language on a page in 

Catalogue No. 78, or in other words the type would 

have been extremely small. A compromise was made 

and the size of the page was increased to 6 x 9, but 

even then many pages showed very small tvpe and 

were not easy to read. In looking into the matter it 

was found that the American Book Co., one of the 

largest publishers of educational school books in the 

world, had gone into this matter very scientifically and 

had given to its printers these instructions: Whenever a 

considerable number of pages in a text book has small 

type on a crowded page, a yellow color time block 

should be used in this book for scientific investigations 

indicates that this increases the legibility. Hence the 

use of a yellow tint block was employed throughout 

this catalogue. Aside from increasing the legibility it 

tends to make a better looking catalogue and to give a 

favorable impression of the concern that issues it. 

TRANSLATION OF THE TEXT 

In the problem of translation many difficulties were 

encountered. Had this been a novel or an essay, no 

serious difficulty would have been met because there 

are many people capable of making an English translation 

to various foVeign languages. However, when it 

comes to technical translation, the problem is entirely 

different. With such terms as "outside screw and yoke 

valves," "Walworth Shrunk and Peened Flanges," 

or a thousand and one technical terms, it was found 

that a literal translation in many cases would be impossible 

; hence the necessity for securing a translation 

which kept the spirit of the engineering terms even 

though the English could not be literally translated 

into the foreign languages. It may be interesting to 

know that some pages were translated, checked and 

rechecked six or eight times before they appeared in 

the present form. 

An investigation of previous technical booklets had 

shown a wide range of terms used. Furthermore, 

conversations and correspondence with various people 

who had issued foreign literature of a technical character, 

confirm the impression as to the practical impossibility 

of securing any one who could literally 

translate English technical terms into foreign idioms, 

for in many cases no such idioms existed. However, 

the problem was met by having a foreign engineer 

make the original translation and several others check 

it. 

Recently the editor of the leading Spanish engineering 

periodical in this country when visiting at the company's 

office looked over some of the pages of proof 

and after carefully going through them, said: "In 

my opinion you might have gone to several expensive 

foreign language translation bureau and I doubt if vou 

would have gotten as good a result of translation from 

a technical viewpoint as you now have." 

Undoubtedly some errors and mistakes will be found 

in connection with this catalogue but every effort was 

made to guard against errors in translation. Certain 

sections of the catalogue were translated, the dummies 

made and such dummies sent to foreign offices with 

the request for their return with comments and criticisms. 

This refers more particularly to the initial 

sections because the time in transit prevented this 

method in the last section of the book, yet many valuable 

suggestions were received from the foreign offices 

in this manner. 

ARRANGEMENT OF ENGRAVINGS 

The engravings shown in this book are for the most 

part the same as those shown in Catalogue No. 78 and 

the figure numbers used are practically the same. This 

arrangement will avoid confusion, for in case a foreigner 

uses the figure numbers shown in Catalogue 

No. 78, he will find no trouble in securing the article 

(Continued on Page 461 j


A Batting Average of 999.9 

Made in War, Continued in Peace 

The Forced Development of Duriron to Meet War Demands 

for a Metal Which Would Besist the Action of Acids and 

Alkalies Made Possible the Commercial Product of To-day 

Duriron has been developed within the past 8 

years as the result of much metallurgical research. It 

is an alloy of iron containing a high percentage of 

silica. Many obstacles have been overcome in its successful 

production. Every resource known to foundry 

practice has been drawn on in transforming it into 

a practical commercial article. Great impetus was 

given to this preliminary experiment work and effort 

by the great war. The result is the Duriron of today 

and the perfected methods of working it. 

Duriron is an extremely hard, close grained metal 

which can be cast only, in fact, it is so hard that it 

is impossible to thread or machine it. However, some 

of the better class of grinders are being successfully 

used in grinding it. It takes a very high polish and 

when broken shows a much lighter colored fracture 

than cast iron. 

The process of manufacturing and casting Duriron 

has progressed to the stage where it is possible to 

duplicate most articles made of cast iron. It has a 

place in nearly every commercial field and has been 

practicably adapted for use as acid and alkali condensers, 

tubes, connections, denitrating towers, exhaust 

fans, pickling tanks, drainage pipe, fittings, 

sinks, acid carboys and laboratory equipment, including 

all fittings and connections to connect fixtures 

with drain. Practically any type of special castings 

can be had to care for emergencies. 

The high resistance of Duriron to corrosion, both 

liquids and gases, approaches that of glass or porce- 

M 

ETHOD APPLIED IN TESTING DURIRON CASTING FOR CRUSHING STRENGTH


APPLICATION OF THE TRANSVERSE TEST OF DURIRON CASTINGS 

lain, while in addition it possesses great comparative 

strength when considered in relation to substances 

which offer a similar «resistance to the action 

of acids and alkalies. Its structure being the same 

all the way through, it can be easily understood how 

Duriron so easily surpasses any material such as 

tile which depends on its glaze for resistance to the 

action of acids or alkalies. Vigorous tests have 

demonstated that where cast iron was completely destroyed 

by the action of 25 per cent solution of 

sulphuric acid in 16 days, Duriron withstood a 25 

per cent solution of surphuric acid one year and lost 

only 1/50 of 1 per cent of its volume during that 

time under the same conditions as obtained in the 

cast iron test. Not only does it resist corrosion but 

it is also practically immune from erosion by virtue 

of its beipg sq hard and close grained. 

Illustrated are the methods applied in testing Duriron 

castings for crushing and transverse strength. 

In the crushing test you will note that the pipe is 

evenly bedded for the full length of the section being 

tested and that the crushing power applied by the 

Olsen testing machine is also applied the whole length 

of the section of pipe being tested. It will also be 

noted that the pipe for the transverse test was supported 

on bearings blocks spaced some little distance 

apart and the load applied in the center by the testing 

machine. This very clearly illustrates the difference 

between the crushing and transverse strength, the 

crushing strength being the weight a given length 

of pipe will stand without fracturing if bedded evenly 

and load applied evenly for the full length. The transverse 

strength is the load the pipe will support without 

fracturing if the bedding is spaced and load applied 

between beds. 

These tests show Duriron to stand a crushing test 

per foot of 13,490 lb. against 1,556 lb. for vitrified 

tile and a transverse strength of 11,250 lb. as against 

1,813 lb. for vitrified tile. These tests show Duriron 

many times stronger than tile, therefore making it 

adaptable in many places where tile could not be used. 

Sewer pipe and fittings made of Duriron are 

equipped with bell and spiggot, flange ends, also 

plain ends to be used with compression couplings. The 

compression couplings are used chiefly to take care of 

expansion in long lines. The type of couplings and 

the flange joint used are illustrated. The calked 

joints are made with asbestos packing soaked in 

sodium silicate, Garlock hemp, or Tupper's flax, with 

a backing of molten lead or lead wool calked as with 

cast iron. 

Wherever corrosion (rusting) of pipe has to be 

contended with, particularly where acids and alkalies 

have to be handled, there Duriron fits. In all com-


munities there are some such places, usually many 

places. School laboratories, druggists, chemists, photographers, 

sinks and waste lines are instances, as 

are also modern stable drains and factories where 

chemicals are used. Those and similar places are 

where plumbers can utilize Duriron to best of advantage. 

Installations made with it will require re- 

TYPICAL DURIRON FLANGE JOINT 

placement less often. That benefits the public as 

well as adds prestige to the plumber and is a real 

advantage to him as the money made by plumbers is on 

material sold rather than profits on labor supplied. 

To afford the plumbing industry every facility to 

take care of the wants of their customers with 

Duriron where needed and where it could be used to 

great advantage to the customers, the Duriron Castings 

Co., Dayton, Ohio, which manufactures Duriron, 

maintain a corps of engineers who will conduct tests 

and in every way lend their assistance and co-operation 

to the industry in solving individual problems. 

TYPICAL DURIRON COMPRESSION COUPLING 

Also bulletins covering the lines for which Duriron has 

been adapted can be had upon request to the manufacturers. 

Back on the Job 

Albert S. Hutt is again at his old desk with the Henry 

Hutt Plumbing Supply Co., Broad street, Augusta, Ga. 

•When the war came on Mr. Hutt entered one of the 

volunteer companies in Augusta and throughout the war 

and for a considerable time after the armistice was 

signed was on duty in the fighting area in France. 

Since his return the business of the Henry Hutt Plumbing 

Supply Co. has enjoyed a well deserved increase and 

prosperity. This firm distributes plumbing supplies 

over a large extent of the Georgia-Carolina territory. 

An Eye Opener That You Will Say Is Good 

(Continued on page 458) 

^ As a matter of fact, Walworth Export Catalogue 

No. 35 follows for the most part the information presented 

in the Domestic Catalogue No. 78 and if such 

information had not been dug out, it would probably 

have been impossible to issue Export Catalogue No. 

35, at least in its present form. 

The Kewanee Union section, appearing on Pages 

151 to 161 inclusive, is shown with an additional 

bronze color for the brass parts. This tends to bring 

out in strong relief the bronze parts of the Kewanee 

Union and members of the Kewanee family. 

In the center of the book is a map of the world 

showing various routes between leading cities. In the 

front and back of the book is shown a map of the 

world made of fittings with the designation at the 

bottom "The World is Our Field." 

FOREIGN INDICES 

The Walworth Manufacturing Co. States: "In all 

the foreign books at our disposal, we noticed the indices 

were rather brief and incomplete. It is possible 

that we went a trifle to the other extreme, but where 

we found certain phrases were used in different countries, 

vve tried to collect in the indices all local terms 

that had been rejected for general use as well as to 

place each article under such headings tbat each might 

be readily found although the name was not exactly 

what the reader was accustomed to. In other words, 

we felt we had accumulated a vast amount of knowledge 

in this catalogue which vve tried to place at the 

reader's easy disposal through indices." 

The catalogue is intended for use only in countries 

in which the British standard thread is used. The 

book vvill not be distributed in this country for this 

company has another catalogue, Walworth Catalogue 

No. 78, which shows a full line of American thread 

fittings, valves, etc., and contains more pages than 

Walworth Export Catalogue No. 35. , 

CATALOGUE AS A BUSINESS BUILDER 

Comment on the appearance, usefulness and worth 

of the catalogue are useless as far as you, Mr. Reader, 

are concerned. The one great useful idea which you 

can get from your reading of how that catalogue was 

made is the insight it gives as to how big business is 

built. Right straight through the making of that catalogue 

is seen the care, thoroughness, foresight and labor 

employed. To make it pretty? No!!! To make 

that catalogue supply the needs of prospective buyers, 

to make it a business getter. The Walworth Co. is 

out for business. It is planning to get it. That catalogue 

is part of its plan. It does not wait for business 

to come to it. * It goes out after it and that catalogue 

is one means of getting out after business. 

Now that is the meat in the cocoanut for you. If going 

out after business will get it for the Walworth Co., 

then going right out after it vvill get it for you. And 

it will. That is the secret of business. Planning to 

get it by planning to do it and then going out after it. 

Business men that do it in that manner are the live 

wires in every community. Those are the methods 

which distinguish them as live wires. 

New Chicago District Manager 

M. J. Czarnieck, is now district sales manager for 

the A. M. Byers Co., Pittsburgh, Pa., in the Chicago 

district. He succeeds Cephas Taylor, Jr., who goes 

to Pittsburgh as assistant general sales manager to 

replace S. P. Broome, resigned.


EDITORIAL 

New Sentiment in Plumbing Field 

Just get the new idea that National President D. F. 

Durkin, Jr., gave to the plumbers of northern New 

Jersey on Columbus Day. He was surprised, but agreeably 

so, with their methods of conducting business and 

receiving a new member. He said the trade protection 

slogan of the past and the concentration on it had 

served their purpose and has passed out of use. The 

new idea was to make the association, through its 

newer and splendid uplift service, so valuable that a 

man would want to join if the members made him see 

what they got. He urged all to learn all about the 

Trade Extension Bureau work that William J. Woolley 

said was now being used in lecture form by 359 local 

associations. It is a time to keep informed and move 

with the trend that leads to a better day for all plumbers 

and their customers. 

What the Supply Meeting Heard 

A firm impression was given to the members of the 

Eastern Supply Association that the world of business 

needed only to face actual conditions and handle them 

with common sense to avoid any disagreeable contingency 

in the world of trade. The speakers pointed 

to the spree of extravagance from which all must 

recover and again work hard and save up to defrav 

the taxes which are inevitable and vvill inevitably be 

raised. The fever of the hour is nervous, but negligible 

to those who go at their every day job and do it 

creditably. The credit man, the United States Senator 

and the lawyer all dealt with the reconstruction 

period and agreed its evils were readily disposed of by 

sane and persistent endeavor. 

Make Every Job Add to Industry Good Name 

The cycle trade of America at the Atlantic convention 

on August 3, appropriated $300,000 for'the 1920 campaign 

of advertising in the interest of the bicycle busines. 

Why? Because they know that the good name of 

every industry must be built. They know that no 

matter how well it is built, constant vigilance is necessarv- 

to keep that good name in high repute. There is 

a lesson in that for the plumbing and heating industry. 

Instead of marking time they must constantly push 

forward. News of work well done should be published. 

The speed, tbe care and the effort necessary to 

do it and the obstacles overcome in doing it should be 

published. Newspapers are glad to get that sort of information. 

It makes good stories. It builds good reputation. 

It repairs inroads made in the good name of 

the industry by malicious jokes and misrepresentation. 

COMMENT 

It is a most effective check against the good name of 

the industry backsliding into disrepute. Plumbers and 

heating contractors of every community will profit 

to a great extent if they initiate and push forward a 

campaign of this educational work. 

New Heating Contract Terms 

To act as bankers for their customers is something 

which heating contractors should not be called upon 

to do. Yet when they are working for people even of 

ample funds, they are often taken advantage of and 

payments for their services are delayed until it 

becomes a practical hardship. This is a fact that has 

been brought home to many heating contractors when 

they have been urged to pay more promptly for their 

materials. As disagreeable as this has been, when in 

their opinion their customers are as good as gold, it 

has been the means of bringing about new customs 

in making contracts both in the larger cities where 

the work is in large buildings may run into a good 

many thousand dollars and also for the custom trade 

in the suburban districts where most of the contracts 

are for heating residences. For several months contractors 

in the larger cities have been inserting in their 

proposals a provision for a monthly payment so that 

they get their money whether the material is on the 

ground or in the building or in service or it is delivered 

and cannot be put into service because of delay 

of some other contractors, or because the owner 

is holding up a piece of work in order to conserve his 

funds by delaying the payment to the steam fitter. 

Then the monthly payment protects the heating contractor 

and he gets his money so that he can turn 

over the proper proportion of it to the different material 

men who have furnished him supplies. In the 

country a little different plan is being observed with 

decided advantage. Now provision is made for pay 

for the pipe and that sort of material as soon as it 

is delivered on the ground. Then as soon as the 

boilers and radiators are delivered on the ground's thev 

also bring a payment. When they are connected up 

the final payment is due. If the previous payments 

for pipes and that sort of material, and later for the 

boilers and radiators, have not been made the contractors 

are in a position to delay connecting them up 

tor service until they have been paid for. This puts 

them in a better position than has quite generally prevailed. 

It is a well known fact that the well-to-do frequently 

delay paying their obligations vvhile they may 

be getting two per cent on the balance they hold in 

the bank. No account is as good as gold until the 

check or cash is in the hands of the contractor.


Information Exchange for Readers' Problems 



Wants to Prevent Nickel Tarnishing 

From R. T. J., Michigan—I am located along the 

shores of Fake Michigan and in the fall I turn off 

the water in several residences. Some of them have 

been built within the last few years and in the spring 

when I go back to turn on the water the nickel has 

corroded and even at the end of the first year begins 

to look badly. Can you tell me any way in which I can 

stop this when I turn off the water as the corrosion 

seems to take place during the winter months when 

nobody is occupying the houses and there is no one to 

keep the nickel polished. I will thank you very much 

for this information. 

Copper Lining Gives Out 

Prom A. N., South Dakota—About 3 years ago 1 

installed a new copper lined tank in a residence in connection 

with a new plumbing outfit. The lining was 

made of 16-oz. copper tinned. It started to leak about 

a week ago and the owner sent for me right away. 1 

tried to solder the copper in the bottom of the tank, 

but it was so full of holes that this was impracticable. 

As the copper had been in place only 3 years, it 

COPPER LINED TANK 

3 Overflow 

on and off the current to stop and start the pump as 

the depth of water in the tank operated the float. 

This installation is just the same as I have made in 

many other cases and the wood does not seem to be 

full of sap and I do not know what has happened. 

Will some of your readers tell me what they think 

is the cause of the trouble so that I may explain it to 

the owner as it does not seem to me that the fault is 

mine ? I have looked the system all over and everything 

is just as I left it except that the electricians 

have booked up a telephone ground wire to the water 

pipe. Do you think that that would have any effect on 

the tank ? 

Troubles Experienced with Pumps 

From C. R., Georgia—We have a two stage centrifu 

gal pump connected up with a 35-h. p. motor. The 

motor seems to load up and will not run it. The pump 

has a capacitv of 250 gal. of water per minute against 

3 head of 250 lb. It is directly connected with the 

motor by a universal joint all set complete on a cast 

iron bed so that everything is in line. When the 

feed and flow are closed off, the pump runs all right. 

As soon as the feed line is opened, the motor seems 

to load up and get hot so that it has to stopped. 

Also vve are having trouble with the thrust bearings 

which do not last as there seem to be too much thrust 

on the pump. The pump was a second-hand one 

when vve purchased it and the previous owners say it 

worked all right and they had no difficulty with it. 

However, we have done nothing more than set it up 

and clean it. 

We have had an electrician test the motor and he 

claims that the motor develops the proper horse power 

and in figuring we find no reason why it should not 

operate the pump—if everything were all right. But 

vve cannot seem to locate the trouble with the pump, 

and I am writing you to see if you can help us out of 

our difficulties. The connection to pump is 4 in. with 

a 4-in. outlet and the suction is fed by gravity flow. 

seems very strange that all these holes should have Remedy Sought for Pipes Stopped by Deposit 

developed in this short length of time and I was at 

a loss to account for it to'the owners. 

From J. H. Young, of Albertson & Young, Atlantic 

The tank was originally made by the carpenter con 

Citv, N. J.—The writer was a recent visitor in Newtractor 

of spruce plank and the enclosed sketch will 

York City, seeking information as to how to protect 

show how I made my connections with it. You will 

the citizens of his home town from the annoyance which 

see that the pump line was a 2-in. supply which ex 

attend what is known in New England as the red water 

tended over the top of tank and that the supply to 

plague. For many years Atlantic City took its water 

fixtures was taken from bottom of tank. The overflow 

supply from artesian wells and, while it was excellent 

was a copper tube which extended from near the top 

for drinking purposes it was very hard and its use in 

of tank through the roof and emptied on the roof. hot water systems resulted in a precipitation of a de 

The water supplied to the tank was from an electricposit which soon closed up water-backs in kitchen 

pump and we had an automatic control in the tank- ranges and the hot water piping. The replacing of these 

consisting of a copper float which automatically turned water-backs was quite an extensive business and led to


the use of diluted muriatic acid to soften the deposit 

so that it could be flushed out with water. 

The new trouble, however, comes from an entirely 

(different cause. Atlantic City is receiving a great deal 

|of its water supply from water gathered over an extensive 

area. Some 50 square miles are drained into a 

pond of about 3,000 acres, which was dredged out and 

prepared as a collecting point from which the supply 

was pumped into Atlantic City. As is usual with such 

water supplies, it carried with it a great deal of oxygen 

iin suspension as well as a great deal of organic matter 

of both the animal and vegetable type. This gave a 

color to the water, which vvhile not objectionable, was 

not removed by filtration and enough of this sediment 

remains to form a deposit in the pipes entirely different 

from the lime deposit and which filled many of the 

pipes, particularlv iron service pipes, with an incrustation 

that interfered positively with the flow. 

This is a problem that has been met in various ways 

in other cities and those who have any information 

as to a successful handling of it vvill confer a favor upon 

many readers by passing it along. 

The Studimeter 

Editor's Note—The Studimeter. which previously 

appeared in METAL MORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER, will now be a feature of PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER. Readers of thc former publication have 

found this column of great value in determining thc 

benefit derived from the articles published in thc paper. 

It is composed of technical. questions ou thc articles 

presented in the previous issue, zvith the page numbers 

on which thc article appeared. Thc readers should 

cultivate thc habit of turning to these questions as they 

appear to ascertain just hozi.' much they absorbed of 

what they read in the previous issue This will insure 

a more careful study of the articles presented, thereby 

increasing the knozvledgc of the reader. 

What is the principle on which the fuller faucet is 

operated? 421. 

To what abuses is fuller work often subjected and 

what is the proper adjustment of the fuller balls? 422. 

How may the tradesman profit from the educational 

work recently started by a manufacturer of water 

supply systems? 424. 

Why is the expansion tank an important factor in 

a hot-water heating system and how should it be connected 

? 425. 

What is the function of the emergency device shown 

and how is it operated ? 426. 

How may leaks be eliminated by the plumber to 

guard against unnecessary expense? 427. 

What are the provisions of the plumbing specifications 

for the skyscraper building in New York City? 

429. 

Why is it highly essential that estimates should be 

based on facts, not guesswork? 432. 

Why should the tradesman, large or small, be encouraged 

to call on the bank for money? 433. 

How does the banker gauge the credit value of a 

tradesman? 433. 

What is the reason for the failure of many men 

who start in business for themselves? 434. 

Where may the young plumber or steam fitter receive 

much helpful information to him in buying and 

managing his business? 435. 

New York Office for Jersey Company 

Goetze Gasket & Packing Co., New Brunswick, 

N. J., announces the opening of new branch at 242 

Lafayette street, New York City. The new offices, 

sales and stock room, and the staff of thoroughly 

skilled service men are ready to meet every requirement 

of customers in New York territory. 

T. N. Chester Visits New York 

T. N. Chester, manager of the St. Louis branch of 

the American Blower Co., Detroit, Mich., was in New 

York last week visiting Arthur Ritter of the New York 

department, and as his visit happened at the time of 

the meeting of the Eastern Trade Golf Association he 

came out and participated in everything except taking 

home a prize. 

Universal Strap Hanger 

The universal strap hanger, manufactured by the 

Beaton & Caldwell Manufacturing Co., New Britain, 

Conn., is an instantly adjustable hanger. The adjustment 

is made by simply raising up on the pipe and 

pulling down on the strap end of hanger, the hanger 

UNIVERSAL STRAP HANGER 

automatically clamping itself at any desired position. 

lhese hangers are made for all sizes of pipe of V_ to 

8 in They are strong and allow of free expansion 

of the pipe in any direction. 

Chicago Supply Men Meet 

The election of officers and advisory committee members 

were important matters on which action was taken 

at the annual meeting of the Chicago Supply Association, 

held at the Union League Club, on Tuesday, 

October 5. H. M. Sedgwick, S. Wilks Mfg Co was 

chosen president; C. M. Sherrill, Standard Sanitary 

Mfg. Co.; Otto J. Deschauer, S. Deschauer Co vic7 

president, and Paul Blatchford, secretary-treasurer 

The members of the advisory committee are: Herman 

Hoelscher, Hoelscher Bros. Co.; Eugene Buehler, Davis 

Supply Co. and Frank Gassmer, Wolff Mfg. Co.


Traffic Manager 

H. D. Cherry 

PROMINENT PERSONALITIES AT THE KEWANEE BOILER OUTING 

Kewanee Reception Commitlee— 

F. E. Bailey, W. D. Bentley, 

A. P. Hare and J. F. Dickinson 

Chicago Veteran Steam Fitter 

Samuel I. Pope and his sons, 

W. A. and S. Austin Pope 

Chicago 

ager E>. 

Sales Man- 

B. Dickinson 

Chicago Heating Men Inspect Kewanee Plant Drum Corps, in columns of twos thev marched 

through the business district, the line extending for 

Special Train Carries Two Hundred to See Boilers and Radi more than two blocks. After lunch President E. E. 

ators Made in New Million Dollar Addition to Kewanee Baker said that it was not purposed to fill the guests 

Boiler Boiler Co's Plant 

with oratory, "it takes so little eloquence to sell Kewanee 

boilers, that we are a little short on it, but it 

A signal success in education and entertainment was 

is fitting that Vice-President Black of the Steam Fit 

the reward of the visit of 180 representative memters' Association should say a few words." Mr. Black 

bers of Chicago's heating trade, arranged by the expressed the appreciation of the association members 

Kewanee Boiler Co., whose new $950,000 plant ex for the hearty welcome, and the fine opportunity of 

tension in Kewanee, 111., has just been completed. Be seeing boilers and radiators made. 

ginning at the Chicago Union Station the members 

Mr. Baker said as an office boy he had made the 

of the Chicago Master Steam Fitters' Association, en 

acquaintance of Sam Pope of Chicago, and asked him 

gineers and manufacturers, found the cordial grip of 

to say a few words as the oldest steam fitter. Mr. 

capable Kewanee hands, which guided their pleasures 

Pope responded saying that he was one of the two 

throughout the day. 

original organizers of the steam fitters' association, 

The special train on the C. B. & Q. left promptly at 

and said that he was happy to be with them at this 

8:30 o'clock a. m. under the personal supervision of 

time. 

Vice-President B. F. Baker, and R. B. Dickson, man 

Charles Kroeschell was introduced as the oldest 

ager of sales of Chicago office. Every one was given 

boiler maker, and in a happy little speech offered a 

an appropriate badge showing a Kewanee boiler, while 

toast to the future success of the boiler company which 

Secretary J. P. Dugger and Salesmanager H. E. Pursell 

introduced everyone to his neighbor. L. D. Cal 

was responded to unanimously. 

kins, J. C. Thompson and M. W. Maloney passed It looked as though C. V. Kellogg would be the 

cigars and cigarettes, which upheld their reputation as next speaker, but Mr. Baker said that he would have 

smoke producers in direct opposition to Kewanee to disqualify him as he' happened to be a director of 

principles. In* this case there was no coal to be saved. the company, and asked Isador Weil to speak for the 

W. A. Pittsford and C. C. Hughes started the card jobbers. A graceful tribute to the company was also 

lovers on their way, while others talked shop or en made by D. M. Forgan, of the American Radiator Co. 

joyed the scenery and the Kewanee quartette which 

entertained with vocal selections. 

TRIP THROUGH THE PLANT 

Arriving at Kewanee at 11:45, President E. E. 

Baker, M. F. Moore, H. D. Cherry, E. F. Wagner Autombiles then took the guests to the plant whe 

and others of the company were at the station to wel guides escorted small groups through it explaining the 

come the visitors and escort them to the Parkside various processes of manufacture, from the office en 

Hotel for luncheon. Headed by the Rotary Fife and trance into the south end of the new addition which 

PLANT OF THE KEWANEE BOILER CO. AT KEWANEE, ILL.

466 P"L UMBER AND STEAM FITTER October 22, 1920 

embodies the latest ideas in factory construction, framing 

being of structural steel and the side walls being 

almost entirely of ribbed glass. 

In the plate room were great piles of various sizes 

of steel plates ready for fabrication. A hugh electric 

magnet carries them off with the greatest ease and 

deposits them gently at a waiting machine. Two 

slowly moving wheels with thin edges together round 

the ends of a plate as a couple of men guide it 

through the cutting wheels. The power of the punching 

machines is fascinating. At a given word and the 

pressure of a lever, the die is released and cuts a 2-in. 

hole in the 11/16's iron as easily as a conductor 

punches a railroad ticket. Power-driven forming rolls 

bend the plates in any desired shape, in their progress 

toward the assembling room. 

The sign language is in vogue around the riveting 

towers, as talking in competition with hundreds of 

pneumatic hammers is impossible. In a long double 

line anvils of various sizes like hugh elephant tusks 

point upward, with a platform around eaeb. A boiler 

in the making is swung upward by a crane and is 

raised, lowered or turned so that the red hot rivets 

may be hammered tight. After putting tubes in 

them and giving them a few finishing touches, testing 

and painting they are ready for shipment with their 

grates, doors, and firing tools. 

The grey iron foundry with its busy cupalo men, 

molders and helpers make grates, doors and other 

cast parts. The core and store rooms were inspected 

before passing to the radiator department. 

VISITORS INTERESTED IN PROCESSES 

OFFICERS AND SALESMEN OF THE KEWANEE BOILER CO. 

The visitors spent much time in the radiator core 

room, foundry assembling and testing rooms and were 

greatly interested in the care taken with every casting. 

The warehouse brought out much favorable comment 

as did the power house and machine shop. 

The return trip began at 5:30 and the hosts had 

arranged for a diner at each end of the train where 

a course dinner was delightfully served and keenly 

enjoyed. After the cigars, impression of the day 

were exchanged and the vote was unanimous that the 

Kewanee Boiler Co. as a host was peerless and as an 

institution has' a most remarkable personnel which 

makes it easy to see why it has enjoyed such a remarkable 

growth and success as briefly told in the 

little chronicle by J. P. Dugger which everyone received. 

Chicago Heating Engineers Plan for 

Coming Season 

It was decided at the annual meeting of the Illinois 

Chapter of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating 

Engineers, held October 11, in the Chicago 

Engineers' Club, to appoint chairmen for the meetings 

of the entire year and announce the subjects of discussion 

by November 1. The topic of smoke prevention 

was thought to be of great importance, and the 

committee in charge of an investigation to recommend 

means of eliminating this nuisance, is to be continued 

with C. F. Newport, chairman. 

After the usual dinner at 6:30 o'clock the meeting 

was opened by Vice-President J. C. Hornung in the 

absence of President John Howlett, who expressed his 

regret at being unable to attend because of illness, and 

thanked the members for their assistance during his 

administration and promised to give his best efforts in 

any capacity he may be called upon. A committee was 

appointed consisting of J. W. Hubbard, C. C. Cheney 

Secretary J. P. Vice-President B. F. President E.E.Baker Vice-President M. F. Sales Manager 

Dugger Baker and Director Moore H. E. Pursell 

C. V. Kellogg 

and August Kehm to take suitable action on the death 

of former member W. C. Bronough. 

Five new members were added by the election of 

W. J. Uhlhome, C. D. Allen, R. G. Rosenbach, J. C. 

Iiurger and R. B. Dickson. A report from the research 

committee told of its activities from all firms 

interested in the advance of heating and ventilating. 

The tellers, Messrs. Lewis, Chubb and Johnson, reported 

the following officers elected: President J. C. 

Hornung; vice-president, E. J. Claffy; treasurer, August 

Kehm ; secretary, Ben Nelson and new members 

of the council, John Howlett, J. W. Hubbard and 

Frank Van Inwegan. 

President Howlett expressed his pleasure on the 

honor conferred upon him and expressed the hope 

that all the members would take as big an interest as 

during the past year in the very important work that 

would be taken up. 

W. E. Clow, Jr., Returning from Europe 

W. E. Clow, Jr., vice-president of James B. Clow & 

Sons, Chicago, who with his wife and family has been 

spending several months in Europe, sails for the L'nited 

States on October 16.


Big Turnout at Eastern Supply Meeting 

Members' Attention Occupied with Addresses Outlining the 

Conditions Which Obtained during the Reconstruction Period 

Information in reference to the conditions obtaining 

in the business world and in the field occupied by 

its members engaged the attention of the record breaking 

number of 300 at the opening of the annual meeting 

of the Eastern Supply Association, in Hotel Astor 

on Wednesday, October 13. 

President Joseph F. Evans opened the, meeting 

which was soon engaged with its important work, not 

the least important of which was the election of six 

new members. After disposing of the routine business, 

disposing of a talk on credits by G. S. Boteler, a 

member of the executive committee of the National 

Credit Men's Association, was entirely different from 

what was expected. He spoke of astounding conditions 

prevailing, pointing out that Europe owned the 

United States three billions of dollars and was reluctant 

to pay it at the present rate of exchange. Also 

that one-tbird of the assets of Europe were destroyed 

by the war and in order for Europe to settle its debts 

with the United States it would be necessary for this 

country to accept in trade the things which the other 

fellow could make and which it could use, even though 

at some sacrifice to the United States. The necessity 

for thrifty economy was shown by the statement that 

when a woman went to buy a $40.00 coat with the 

money in her pocket, she was persuaded to pay the 

$40.00 down and accept a $150 coat, owing a balance 

of $110, and that practice held good right straight 

through whether it was pianos, Victrolas, automobiles 

or other things. Credits could not be on a safe basis. 

PRESIDENT-ELECT A. M. MADDOCKS 

Further, nobody had been frank or careful. The expense 

of the luxury of a strike was illustrated in a 

striking manner and the conditions that were fast 

coming into effect in which merchants and mechanics 

would both find themselves in a hard fix. He also 

said that letting down of the moral code, extravagance 

and over indulgence had made for unhappiness 

all around, stressing the importance of giving up living 

on the installment plan and the necessity of getting 

down to hard work. 

Secretary Frank S. Hanley then pointed out that 

there was an income of $19,800 and an expenditure 

of $14,804 and a balance of $4996 with $1000 in Liberty 

Bonds. Further that the credit bureau 

since its establishment had collected 80 per 

cent of the one million dollars' worth of 

PRESIDENT JOSEPH F. EVANS 

claims that had been placed with it. He stated that 9 

new members were elected at the February meeting, 8 

at the June meeting and 6 at this meeting, making an 

increase for the year of 23 members and with 3 members 

resigning tbe net gain was 20 and the total enrolled 

at the present time 294. He reported that the 

joint meeting of the Eastern Supply and the Central 

Supply Associations at Niagara Falls had induced the 

board to suggest that action be taken to provide for 

joint meetings at intervals to be set by the officers of 

the two bodies and such an action was taken. 

TALK BV WILLIAM J. WOOLLEY 

William J. Woolley, director of the National Trade 

Extension Bureau, was then introduced stating that 

his presence in New York was to meet with the 

Eastern members of the finance committee. He had 

been in New Jersey to inaugurate educational work 

by means of lectures perfected by the Bureau. He had 

learned that New York had not been sold on the 

Trade Extension idea and has not given to the proposition 

the financial support that is its proportion. The 

expenditures of the Bureau have been audited and 

will be laid before the members for study so that 

they may see that a great deal has been produced for 

the dollar expended. Already 359 local associations 

are getting the literature and the lectures of the 

Bureau, which was preparing members to understand 

how to be successful under the conditions now confronting 

them. He called attention to the sale of 

plumbing goods not keeping pace with that of pianos, 

automobiles, Victrolas, better salesmanship, being used 

in the other lines. The Bureau is endeavoring to 

make the plumber realize his duty to become a better

468 PLUMBER AND STEAM FIT.TER October 22. 1920 

salesman. As the result of the work of the Bureau 

an increase in membership in the National Association 

of 2000 has been made. He said the Bureau is 

the balance wheel in the industry and 17,000 master 

plumbers are working with it. If the plumber vvill not 

give attention to the literature and study it, be is not 

doing justice to his job or his business. The Bureau 

is a means of swapping ideas and while swapping dollars 

did not enrich, swapping ideas makes everybody 

better off. He stated that he did not want some jobbers 

to be importuned to pay more than their share 

but wanted all the jobbers to pay a fair share. He 

knows that some jobbers are knocking the Bureau 

and advised the loyal members to make the knocker 

prove his statement because as a rule he was lazy and 

ignorant of the facts in the case. 

United States Senator Calder was then introduced 

and stated that as the result of his motion the President 

of the Senate had appointed a committee of five 

to look into the home and general building business, 

most of this work having been stopped during 1917 

and 1918 as the result of the war orders of the administration. 

He had protested against this action and 

thought it would be better to save the money and 

labor engaged in producing fancy furniture and similar 

things and continue the provision of homes for 

the natural increase in population. After the armistice 

was signed a new ruling was urged to encourage 

building but the men were engaged in other lines 

and could not be readily brought back. In 1919 onetenth 

as many homes were built as in 1916, and in 

1920 one-half as many as in 1919, or one-twentieth 

as many as in 1916. Further he pointed out that some 

scheme must be devised that will accomplish the reduction 

of prices without any drastic effect. There 

is need of modifying the income tax and reorganizing 

the taxation system, which will be pretty hard as 

demagogues will cry class favoritism, which means 

difficult work in education of the average man to see 

that it is to his interest that adjustment must be made. 

The solution of the problem in which all are interested 

i.s that money must be attracted back to mortgage investment. 

After a hearty applause the meeting was adjourned 

for luncheon and a general exchange of opinions. 

After the lunch hour Walter Drew, counsel for the 

electrical trade, spoke on the unsettled conditions in 

the labor field and the necessity of swinging toward 

the open shop as labor unions had become unbearably 

autocratic. He pointed out the need for the employer 

getting in closer touch with his employees in order 

that he might have a more correct and comprehensive 

idea of the situation and through this enlightenment 

shake off the shackles of the trade unionism. 

President Evans gave an address which dealt on 

the observations he had been enabled to make during 

his administration. When he entered office brass 

goods and soil pipe were a drug on the market but 

now they were very scarce. He said he had distinctlv 

pleasant recollections of the work of his term and 

it had been a privilege. He was greeted with applause. 

John McClure Case then presented the report of 

the nominating committee and on motion the secretary 

cast one ballot and elected the following officers: 

President, A. M. Maddock, Trenton, N. J.; vicepresidents, 

Frank W. Hubbard, Boston, Mass., and 

George E. Keenan, Bayonne, N. J.; treasurer, Martin 

Behrer, New York City; secretary, Frank S. Hanlev, 

261 Broadway, New York City; board of directors, 

A. M. Maddock, Frank W. Hubbard, George E. Keenan. 

Martin Behrer, Philip J. Faherty, C. W. Fell, 

John A. Murray, Frank T. Stevens, R. A.* Tate, 

James A. Messer and A. A. Tomlinson; representatives 

of the national committee of the Confederated 

Supply Association, John A. Murray, Devvitt Cook, 

A. D. McLeod, Floyd Owens and H. W. Thorndike; 

representatives to the National Chamber of Commerce, 

Joseph F. Evans and G. R. Adams. 

John A. Murray offered a resolution that a committee 

of three be appointed to procure a fitting testimonial 

for the retiring president. 

After a discussion of various matters of minor importance 

the annual meeting came to its close and 

Past President Evans held an ovation to receive the 

congratulations for his good work and best wishes for 

his future. In the absence of President Maddock and 

Vice-president Hubbard, Mr. Evans said they would 

make their bow to the association members at the next 

meeting. 

Catalogue of Carey Products 

Catalogue No. 1362 issued by the Philip Carey Co., 

Lockland, Cincinnati, Ohio, entitled "Carey Asbestos 

and Magnesia Products, Pipe and Boiler Coverings," 

contains 72 pages. It is profusely and very artistically 

illustrated presenting the many Carey Products in 

a pleasing and helpful way. 

The tables, graphs and technical information are 

found conveniently arranged. Copies may be obtained 

by addressing the Philip Carey Co. 

The Warren Stocks 

Illustrated is the line of Warren stocks, manufactured 

by the Borden Co., Warren, Ohio, which are 

equipped for cutting two sizes of pipe without 

change of dies and with one change of bushing. The 

Xo. 121 stock is of particular interest to plumbers and 

fitters as it is a very light little tool and cuts */> and 

No. 123 

THE WARREN STOCKS 

y-'m. pipe with the same set of dies, carrying one 

extra bushing. 

Plumbers will find this stock especially useful for 

cutting in close places. The handles may be taken 

out of stock and the extension part of the stock is 

sufficiently long to allow the wrench being used on 

this. It takes the place of a ratchet stock and threads 

can be cut readily with nothing more than the stock 

and a Stillson wrench. This feature especially recommends 

it for use in connection with jobbing work


President Durkin Surprises New Jersey information from the Trade Extension Bureau. He 

Plumbers 

further urged that the association agree to defend their 

fellow members against slander. 

The Handwriting on the Wall as Shown by This Meeting Indi^ 

National Director Harry J. Farrell, thanked the 

cates That the Prestige and Prosperity Which Is the Plumber's North Hudson Association for their support during 

Right, Is Soon to Be Achieved. It Inspires Confident Hope his administration and expressed his pleasure in being 

able to bring the National President to the meeting 

A number of surprises occurred at the meeting of 

and refused to use more time. 

the executive officers of the New Jersey Association of 

William J. Woolley, director of the National Trade 

Master Plumbers with the West Hoboken Association 

Extension Bureau of the National Association, was 

in Masonic Hall, West Hoboken, N. J., on Tuesday, 

the next speaker. He stated that every master plumber 

October 12. National Director Harry J. Farrell on 

should read the charge Judge Pollock gave at Des 

Moines to the men who were indicted on the trade 

his way to attend the meeting, met National Presi 

protection policy of previous times, calling attention 

dent D. F. Durkin, Jr., on the train and immediately 

to the fact that it is now possible for the association 

he drafted him for the guest of President William 

to make the Trade Extension Bureau the most useful 

T. J. Orriss. 

thing ever brought into the plumbing industry. Then 

Among those present were State President William 

it used a trade paper campaign of advertising and 

A. Snudden', Morristown, N. J.; State Treasurer 

this had been a great help in getting the Trade Exten 

George H. Werner, Orange, N. J.; State Secretary 

sion Bureau started. It has since been financed by 

Walter Grube, Newark, N. J.; State Organizer Wil 

the manufacturers, jobbers and various associations of 

liam F. Beck, Orange, N. J.; Past State Secretary 

men who are interested in it. As the result of send 

Joseph A. Durr, Montclair, N. 

ing its literature to 7000 non-members 2000 have now 

J.; Past State President Joseph 

joined the National association. He called attention 

A. Sproul, Jersey City ; William 

to the inability of a non-member to get all the infor 

Delhagen, Paterson; President 

mation sent out by the Trade Extension Bureau as it 

Wilfred Walker and Vice-presi 

comes through the association. He urged all members 

dent William M. Smith of the 

to see that tbe firms from whom they buy goods know 

new Eastern Bergen Association; 

they are deriving a benefit from the Trade Extension 

also C. Viebeg, James Yorke, 

Bureau as this will tend to make those firms support 

August Krieger, Charles Zim 

the'Bureau more loyally. He mentioned the research 

merman, William Vorg, Alex 

work being done by the Bureau. He also stated 

Phane and T. Geist. 

that all should be alert, on the watch and grasp new 

President Durkin stated he was ideas and put them into practice. There is enough 

impressed with the ceremony by 

business, if there was not another building built in the 

which the new members became 

United States for some time, to keep every journey 

allied with the organization and man going for 28 

with the New Jersey work to increase 

the membership. He called 

T. E. B. DIRECTOR 

attention to the wonderful oppor 

WILLIAM J. tunity offered by the instruction 

WOOLLEY 

sent out from the Trade Extension 

Bureau by National Director W. 

J. Woolley to insure the success plumbing contractors. 

He advocated a change from the narrow, selfish policy 

of protection to the trade which got the National into 

trouble because some features in it were wrong, stating 

that the new National policy will bind no member 

to any action or agreement that will restrict any man's 

rights. Further the crisis having passed it is now the 

operative plan that is not productive of the profits 

duty of all to make the most of the period of reconstruction. 

He called attention to the supply house cosome 

are over eager to get, mentioning that plumbers 

have a far better co-operative plain in their Trade Extension 

Bureau, with its fine principles and sentiments. 

He urged that every effort be made to teach plumbers 

to avoid obstacles through the establishment of a high 

esteem for the service rendered by them, that they 

keep out of pooling schemes.He called attention to the 

fact that the National convention had advocated the 

principle of open shop, for although there was no 

objection to the right kind of agreement with the 

journeymen, all should beware of those agreements 

which will bring them under the enforcement of the 

Clayton act from penalties of which the journeyman 

is secure. He urged Jerseymen to increase their 

membership very substantially and expressed the hope 

that the two "Bills" will achieve tbeir ambition to 

raise the membership of the New Jersey Association 

to 1000, suggesting that they use in their meetings an 

hour for educational work and for the use of the 

I/ _ years bringing properties up to 

date that are not provided with the right kind of 

house drainage systems. 

For example he stated that in Salem, Ore., visits 

had been made to six houses, that cost about $6000 

each before the war, and it was found that four of 

them had no plumbing and two only a portion of 

what they shou'd have. It was learned that there 

were Victrolas, pianos, automobiles, electric lights and 

other things but bees use nobody urged them to buy 

one they were still without the bathroom. In closing 

he again returned to the subject of the lectures, stating 

that the first one was sent out and so was the 

second, but the third lecture, which deals with heating, 

must be asked for because some of the influential 

factors in the Bureau do not want to increase competition 

by sending it broadcast. The fourth lecture 

on accounting must be applied for as must those on 

salesmanship and operating a shop under scientific 

management. 

State President William A. Snudden then thanked 

the North Hudson Association for three good men 

on the board of directors and thanked National President 

Durkin and National Trade Extension Bureau 

Director William J. Woolley for their encouragement, 

saying that he was more than ever determined 

to do everything possible to raise the New Jersey 

membership to 1000. 

Frank K. Chew was then introduced as a friend of 

the association and spoke of the change in the paper 

and that the new PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER would 

merit the approval of all present. He then pointed 

out that the least expensive factor in a sale or a 

contract was the salesmanship which secured the 

price and did the business. He cited the unnecessary


modesty felt in reference to the sale of some plumbing 

fixtures to women and urged that those who knew 

that homes needed such fixtures, cultivate the art of 

bringing this kind of fixtures to attention in a tactful 

manner and thereby in crease their business in plumbing. 

L. Lawler of The Plumbers' Trade Journal stated 

that it was certain that the trade papers would 

do their part in making widely known the value of 

the Trade Extension Bureau, as he had traveled with 

Mr. Woolley and knew how the information he had 

given had been received and the benefit that had attended 

its use. 

State Organizer William F. Beck stated that in his 

work of traveling two weeks with Frank Fell in 

Trenton speaking of the value of the Trade Extension 

Bureau 33 out of 35 men has been secured as 

members of that association and he believed that the 

necessity of making plumbers better business men 

would be a strong appeal in carrying out the plan of 

increasing the New Jersey membership to 1000. Hestated 

that they should begin by being business men 

and that they should not overlook the valuable help 

that they have received from the trade papers which 

will now be supplemented by the work of the Trade 

Extension Bureau. 

President Orriss stated that while there were many 

other friends that he would be glad to hear from he 

must declare the meeting adjourned until the fourth 

Thursday of the month, which will be October 28. 

The party did not disperse at once and Mr. Woolley 

explained some of the branches of the Trade Extension 

Bureau which he had with him. 

Michigan Chapter Engineers 

The October meeting of the Michigan Chapter of 

the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers 

was held on Monday, October 11 with President 

E. E. McNair in the chair. This meeting was 

addressed by D. N. Kennedy, President of the Detroit 

Heating & Plumbing Contractors' Association on 

the American Plan of Employment, and the discussion 

which followed Mr. Kennedy's talk indicated considerable 

interest in the subject. A discussion of the 

business affairs of the society and the chapter followed, 

and plans for the coming year's work were discussed. 

The officers of the Michigan Chapter gave a dinner 

in Toledo recently to a number of Toledo men who 

were eligible to membership in the society and extended 

an invitation to them to become members of the 

Michigan Chapter. As a result of this meeting 14 

applications from Toledo men were received, and it is 

expected at least 10 others will follow. 

The Michigan Chapter has arranged to hold at least 

two of its meetings in Toledo this season. 

Eastern Golfers Close Year 

The fall meet of the Eastern Trade Golf Association 

was held on the links of the Upper Montclair 

Country Club through the courtesy of A. S. Armagnac, 

accepted by the tournament committee, George M. 

Scott, George E. Keenan, W. H. Driscoll and Conway 

Kiewitz. The members provided plenty of players 

who, with the guests, made a total of 54 players. 

In the 18-hole medal play handicap the prize winners 

had handicaps varying considerably and the scratch 

men were near at hand. These scores were placed on 

the board by M. Wettstein, Domestic Engineering, who 

assumed the duties of the clerk of the course, relieving 

Secretary Bookhout and Captain Garfield of an ardu- 

THK SCRATCIIMEN WHO SURPRISED ALL BY WINNING 

PRIZES JOSEPH I. SIMMONS AND CAPTAIN J. G. 

GARFIELD 

ous duty. After luncheon the players, arranged in 

foursomes, completed the play. 

After disposing of a fine menu in the evening President 

Cosgrove arose and immediately the chorus 

.singers under the lead of D. C. Chadwick ceased their 

melody and opened their ears. 

He stated that the association was fortunate for 

many things, among them for the sunshine that had 

been provided by Vice-President Hubbard, for the 

courses during the year secured by John Barnum, 

W. S. Rothwell and A. S. Armagnac, for one generous 

minded gentleman who had played the part of 

the host during the day, assuming all of the expenses 

for the luncheon, cigars, etc., so that the green fees 

and money that had been collected would be turned 

over to the treasury for the credit of the dues of the 

players for the next year. He asked all to express 

their appreciation to James M. Heatherton of The 

Plumbers' Trade Journal, who had dispensed this hospitality 

and in his absence asked Leslie M. Heatherton 

to speak. 

Mr. Heatherton said that if he had known he would 

be called upon for a speech he would have foregone 

the pleasure of the reunion as he was not a speech 

maker, because to entertain such a bunch of good fellows 

was to be overwhelmed with such kindly expressions 

as had been made. 

President Cosgrove then presented the various 

prizes. P. H. Driggs with a score of 92-14-78, won 

the auto lunch set and case presented by the John 

Simmons Co.; E. L. Strickland with a score of 93-14- 

79, a golf bag presented by the E. F. Keating Co. 

Frank J. Oliver with 97-18-79 the silver coffee set presented 

by Warren, Webster & Co.; R. G. Bookhout 

with 115-36-79, the fine silk umbrella presented by 

the C. S. Wood Co.; George E. Keenan with 100- 

20-80, a dozen golf balls presented by the W G Cor 

nell Co.; C. S. Wood with 104-24-80 another dozen 

golf balls presented by W. G. Cornell Co.

October 22, 1920 P L U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER 

J. S. Weaver secured the fine camera with an 

astimatic lens presented by PLUMBER AXD STEAM 

PITTER for the best two scorces of the season and won 

with total of 157. E. F. Keating won the flask presented 

by J. D. Erskine of the" American Radiator 

Co. His score was 96-5-91. 

^ The president congratulated the two scratch men, 

Captain J. B. Garfield and Joseph I. Simmons, on winning 

the first prize in the best ball foursome without 

handicap and a net score of 75. This was a popular 

win and the scratch men were cordially greeted and 

congratulated on their good luck. 

The second prize in the best ball foursome won by 

D. C. Chadwick and H. I. Reeves who selected the 

two brassies presented by the association. A. S. 

Armagnac and M. Readey secured each a fine pocket 

knife. Special prizes were awarded to W. H. Burnett 

and J. M. Kreiner which were orders on Low & 

Hughes for sporting goods. 

Hearty congratulations were then extended to Mr. 

Armagnac and a vote of thanks given to the Upper 

Montclair Country Club for its hospitality. The meeting 

then adjourned. 

Western Trade Golf Tournament at Rockford 

The Western Trade Golf Association celebrated 

Columbus Day, October 12, bv a regular tournament 

at the Rockford Country Club, Rockford, 111. The 

very courteous invitation of Frank D. Keeler, Rockford 

Brass Co., brought out 25 members from Chicago 

to enjoy the day in charge of Captain E. W. Sanborn 

who secured a special car. The partv was met 

by automobiles. The association was favored with 

ideal weatber. The greens were in excellent shape 

and some fine scores made. 

Hugh Whitney won the association cup with a score 

nf 95, his nearest competitors being F. D. Keeler, J. 

Craig and C. H. Bishop, each having 81 net. 

The silver medal fob guest prize was captured by 

F. K. Houston, Rockford, with a score of 97. 

For the second time the Duffer's cup was won by 

master plumber, Robert E. Murphy with a gross of 

133. He will only have one more chance this season 

to annex it permanently. 

The morning qualifying round of 9 holes developed 

some rather Jow scores. Particularly good was the 

card of Frank D. Keeler with a 41 and J. H. Ryerson 

and FI. P. Mason each with a 45. 

After luncheon the members played 18 holes in 

foursomes. In addition to the flight prizes and association 

cup, the members participating were also interested 

in the various season prizes donated by the 

officers, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER and the other 

trade papers, the contest for which closed with the 

Rockford meet. 

All were ready for the excellent chicken dinner at 

the club. Vice-president W. Wickersham with appropriate 

remarks distributed the prizes to the winners 

at the close of the dinner. After a speech by L. 

Bruce Fulton a vote of thanks were given to Mr. 

Keeler and officers of the Rockford Country Club. 

Nine and One-Half Pounds of Efficiency 

The electrically driven portable drill, manufactured 

by the James Clark, Jr., Electric Co., Louisville, Ky., 

is compact, powerful and light. It maintains the high 

standard of durability embodied in all drills made by 

this company. It can be had for use with alternati-.~ 

- Hirect current. It is cooled by a fan and the 

gears are grease encased. It is also equipped with 

a ball bearing spindle and armature. The spindle i. 

made of high grade steel, turned and ground. The 

gears are treated nickel steel. 

These drills are of special interest to plumbers and 

.team fitters where electricity is available. They afford 

an easy and rapid method of drilling holes in 

steel, iron or other materials through which the 

plumber and steam fitter are compelled to make holes. 

ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN PORTABLE DRILL 

It i.s particularly interesting in that unless it is 

used there is no great overhead involved in carrying 

it. And when it is being used it is paying for itself 

in a saving of time and labor and makes for a greater 

efficiency of the men on the job. The result is that 

the initial cost is so small that the apparatus returns 

a very high profit on the investment. Further than 

that, it has a direct effect on the moral of the men 

in the shop. It eliminates the drudgery attached to 

drilling holes with a hand driven tool, conserving their 

energy for the things which must be done by hand 

and in this way accomplishes the work for which 

it is designed, more rapidly than could be done by 

hand, the conserved energy resulting in greater efficiency 

on the work done by hand. 

Full information as to the sizes, prices, etc., can 

be had from the manufacturer at the above address. 

Deatli of John F. Wolff 

At tbe home of his daughter Carla, 3649 Pinegrove 

avenue, Chicago, 111, on October 18, John F. Wolff 

died at the age of 63 years. He had been in poor 

health for more than a year. Mr. Wolff was the 

eldest son of Ludwig Wolff, founder of the L. Wolff 

Alanufacturing Co., in which he served through a 

regular training and worked his way to the presidency. 

He was more recently interested in the Monument 

Pottery Co., Trenton, N. J., of which he was president. 

Mr. Wolff was educated in the Chicago schools, 

Racine College and Hanover University, Germany. 

He was a man of public spirit and genial disposition. 

He was the first and sixteenth president of the Central 

Supply Association and held in highest esteem by 

the members. He had served as a members of the 

Chicago Board of Education, the Chicago Athletic 

Association, the Chicago Press Club and the South 

Shore Country Club. His work in Masonic circles 

won him the honor of being a 33rd degree Scottish 

Rite Mason. He is survived by one daughter and 

two sons, four brothers and one sister. His funeral 

was held on October 21 under the auspices of the 

Appollo Commandery, Knights Templar. Interment 

was in Waldheim Cemetery.

472 PLUMBERANDSTEAMFITTER October 22, 1920 

iiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiuiii nun IIIIIIII IIIIIII iiiiiiiiiiiiinii IIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIII i in iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii i IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiini 

THE MARKET 

STEAM GOODS 


The noticeable improvement in deliveries by railroad 

is reflected in improved conditions for the heating contractor. 

The demand for boilers and radiators shows 

the same hesitancy on the part of buvers and is 

therefore below normal for this time of the season. 

The demand for repair parts is somewhat larger than 

normal. Most manufacturers report plenty of small 

boilers and a somewhat better ability to make delivery 

on the larger sizes. Fair stocks of radiation are reported 

in one or two instances. However, the majority 

of stocks are depleted with the output and demand 

plus filling of back orders balancing. The 

present high price of coal indicates a continuance of 

present prices until back orders are filled. 


Black and galvanized steel pipe shipments continue 

to show slight improvement. Stocks of both galvanized 

and wrought iron pipe are very low, many jobbers 

being entirely out of the smaller sizes. The price 

still remains firm with indications that no immediate 

recession will be made. The demand continues to 

slow up although back orders are keeping mills busy 

and depleting jobbers' stocks as fast as shipments 

arrive. 

Enameled and vitreous ware continue to improve although 

buying is sluggish and mostly in small lots.. 

No accumulation for jobbers' stock is as vet possible. 

Many patterns are entirely out of stock with deliveries 

for same ranging anywhere from three weeks to three 

months. Indications are that the prices of these commodities 

will remain firm. Deliveries of extra heavy 

cast iron soil pipe and fittings show improvement. 

Medium and standard soil pipe and fittings are scarce, 

many stocks being entirely depleted with manv sizes 

of fittings very hard to get. Buying is limited to the 

very barest needs. 

The demand for steam brass goods for repair workis 

strong and slight improvement shown in making 

shipments by the factories. Stocks of brass pipe are 

low, particularly in the smaller sizes. Plumbers' brass 

' shows some improvement. However, many items are 

hard to get. Prices are holding firm with very little 

indication of any immediate recession. Buyers are 

purchasing for immediate needs only. 


It seems to be the opinion among both manufacturers 

and supply house men that there will be no 

radical reduction in prices for plumbing and heating 

goods as have been witnessed in other lines. Present 

prices are based on costs of labor and materials, and 

until these go down there is little possibility of any 

price revisions for most items. Manufacturers have 

a good volume of orders on their books, and jobbers 

have been exchanging for some time in order to supply 

their trade. The supply of material in the Chicago 

district is very far from being satisfactory, although 

deliveries are improving. The only change 

noted recently is a reduction of $10.00 a ton in standard 

soil pipe and fittings. Extra heavy material has 

been reduced $11.00. 

Pig Iron—There seems to be a dead-lock between 

buyers and sellers with price being the bone of contention. 

New business is being held up, while reselling is 

quite active. Foundries are busy and the usual quotation 

for northern No. 2 foundry is $46 to $47. 

Copper—New lists have been issued by leading 

manufacturers, and Chicago jobbers' prices on sheet 

are now 27X cents mill base. 

Tin—Prices are lower today than they have been 

for three years, and the market has a decidedly weak 

tone. A quotation of 42 cents New York for Straits 

is nominal, and has failed to create much interest. 

Chicago dealers now quote pig tin at 44J cents 

and plumbers' 25 ^ cents. 

Pig Iron 

The activity in resale prices indicates that those who 

have iron for spot dealing believe they can replace it 

at lower cost later and they are moving it out now. 

The price trend is down even at the furnaces but buying 

is not active. 

NEW YORK 

East Pa No. 1 fdv Sil 2.7S to 3.2S $55.52 

East Pa No. 2X fdy Sil 2.25 to 2.75 53 77 

East Pa No. 2 fdv Sil 1.75 to 2.25 5? 52 

Buffalo Sil 1.75 to 2.25 5446 

Virginia No. 2 Sil 1.75 to 2.25 54.16 

CHICAGO 

Northern Coke No. 1 Sil 2.25 to 2.75.. $48 25 

Northern Coke fdv No. 2 Sil 1.75 to 2.25 46 00 

Southern Coke fdy No. 1 Sil Soft 2.75 to 3.25..$5002 to 5187 

Southern Coke fdy No. 2 2.25 to 2.75.. 49.92 to 50 37 

Southern foundry Sil 1.75 to 2.25.. 48.67 

PHILADELPHIA 

Eastern Pa No. 2 Plain Sil 1.75 to 2.25 $52 26 to 52 54 

Eastern Pa No. 2X Sil 2.25 to 2.75 53.51 to 53.79 

Virginia No. 2 Plain Sil 1.75 to 2.25 53 74 to 55 74 

Virginia No. 2X Sil 2.25 to 2.75 54.99 to 56.99 

XT , CLEVELAND 

Northern No 2 fdy Sil 1.75 to 2.25 $46 56 

Southern fdy Sil 2.25 to 2.75 .' 49^92 

CINCINNATI 

Southern Coke Sil 1.75 to 2.25 (base price) $46 50 

Southern Coke Sil 2.25 to 2.75 (No. 2 Soft) 4775 

Southern Ohio No. 2 Sil 1.75 to 2.25 (No. 2.... 48's2


Pipe Cuffing and Threadincj Tools 

Beavers are complete one'piece tools with no 

extra parts to bother you. When you start on a job 

with Beavers you are sure you have forgotten no 

dies, bushings or other loose parts. 

When you change from one siz,e pipe to another 

it is not necessary to stop to take out one set cf 

dies and put in another—nor to take out one 

bushing and hunt around for the correct one. 

All you need do is: "move the handle." 

Order from your own jobber. 

THE BORDEN CO_MPANV 

WARREN, 

BORDEN-CANADIAN CO. 

OI_IO,U.S.A. 

110 CHUPvCH STREET, TORONTO 

Please mention PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER when you write.

474 PLUMBER AND 

Old Materials 

Scrap Irou, Nezv York—Railroad material has 

dropped from $1 to $5 and the market is a waiting 

one with election and other matters complicating the 

situation. 


quoting to local foundries, per gross ton : 







2 ft. long) 16.00 to 17.00 


Scrap Iron, Chicago—Prices are nominal and the 

market continues quiet. Dealers quote: 

No. 1 Cast $30.00 

Machine Shop Turnings • • 10.00 

Cast Borings 13.50 

Stove Plate 28.00 

Grate Bars 26.00 

Railroad Malleable 26.00 

Agricultural Malleable 25.00 

Countrv Mixed 17.00 

No. 1 Bushling 19.00 

Old Metals, New York—The market continues depressed 

with prices a little lower. Dealers' buying 


Cents 

per lb. 

Copper, heavy and crucible V4.75 


STEAM FITTER October 22, 1920 


Brass, heavy 8-50 





Lead, heavy • • 6.2_ 


Zinc 5.25 

Old Metals. Chicago—Buying prices for old metal 

quoted bv Chicago dealers are about as follows: 

Red Brass 12 

Yellow Brass, heavy 8 

Yellow Brass, light W2 

Copper, heavy 12 

(Topper, light and bottoms 10,_ 

Copper Clips 12 

Lead Pipe AA 

Tin Foil 27>/, 

Block Tin Pipe 32^ 

Pewter No. 1 22J. 

Zinc ••• 4 

Soldered Joints 8^2 

Old Rubber—Heaviness of tone and uncertainity as 

to what prices really are mark trend of thfe market. 

Wholesale dealers buying quotations are : 

Boots and shoes 9.50 to 10.50 

Boots and shoes 5J-4 

Trimmed Arties 4 l A to 4?4 

Auto tires 2 to 2% 

Bicycle tires 1 to 1J4 

Solid tires 2 to 2'/J 

No. 1 inner tubes 9.50 to 10.50 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4>_ 

Mixed red scrap 3->_ to 4 

Mixed black scrap \A to 2 

Cotton fire hose y to \A 

Garden hose y to 1 

Jenkins Standard Brass Y, or Blow-off Valves 

(Standard Pattern) 

FIGURE 124 

For 150 pounds working steam pressure; 

250 pounds working water pressure. Fitted 

with Jenkins discs and renewable seat 

rings. Have full opening nearly in line 

with the pipe. Particularly adapted for 

boiler blow-off service, also extensively 

used where thick fluids are handled. 

Screwed or flanged types. 

Genuine Jenkins Valves are known by the 

name and Jenkins Diamond Mark—at 

supply houses everywhere. 

JENKINS BROS. 

New York 

St. Louis 

Chicago 

Boston 

Montreal 

Philadelphia 

San Francisco 

London Havana 

Please mention SHEET METAL WORKER when you write. 

Washington 

Pittsburgh

October 22. 1920 P L U M B E R AND 

Old Rags—Falling away in amount of business has 

weakened the market so that price concessions are 

common. Wholesale dealers prices are: 

Xo. 1 whites $12.50 

No. 2 whites 5.50 to 5.75 

Thirds and Blues 3.25 to 3.50 




Paper Stock—Easiness is the characteristic of a 

market that is not strong. Wholesale dealers' buying 

qualities for New York are: 



Notes on Prices New York 

Linseed Oil—The market has been going down until 

it seems to have no bottom but at $1.15 per gallon 

in less than 5 bbl. lots it is holding though some 

concessions are reported below this price. In lots 

of 5 bbls. and over city raw American seed is quoted 

at $1.17 and out of town raw American seed is quoted 

at $1.17. In less than 5 bbl. lots 3c more per gallon is 

asked. Boiled oil brings 2c more than raw. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Lack of demand and a pressure 

to sell is given as the reason for the price to be 

down. The market is weak and a 4c cut puts the 

wholesale price in machine barrels in yards at $1.29 per 

gallon. 

Rosin—Weakness in the market is noted with buyers 

believing that still lower prices will be made. On the 

basis of 280 lbs. to the barrel the wholesale price of 

common-to-good strained is $13.15. Grade D is $12.90. 

Iron and Steel Pipe—The National Tube Co. finally 

has succeeded in getting its shipments up to production, 

and while it has not made any cut in its accumulated 

stocks, at least it has not added to them in the 

past week. In view of the fact that this company has 

been piling more pipe than it has been shipping, for 

several weeks, it is patent that jobbers supplied by it 

must be somewhat better off in the matter of supplies 

than they have been. Independent companies bave 

been having better success than the leading interests 

in the matter of shipments. The demand for pipe, 

both lap weld and butt weld, still is large, but buying 

is of a more moderate character than it has been and 

premium business has disappeared. It is reported 

that the Interstate Commerce Commission extended 

order No. 107, allotting 60 cars daily for the shipment 

of oil country pipe to the West and Southwest, 

which expired October 11. 

Detroit Advertising Manager Marries 

H. Ross Mack, advertising manager of the Detroit 

Range Boiler & Steel Barrel Co., Detroit, Mich., was 

married to Miss Rowena Payton in Detroit on Tuesday, 

October 19. The many friends of the couple 

have been taking a keen interest in their honeymoon 

plans, but they have been kept such a profound secret 

that even "Weege" won't tell. 

STEAM FITTER 475 


vy / V vJ I ,1 Af] I\\M 

\ft PATENTED aT-* E&Sa 

FROST-PROOF 

CLOSETS 








such as the garage, back porch or yard. 


with the YOGEL. 





Ask your jobber or send 

to us for catalogue. 


Wilmington 

Delaware 

Saves 2 to 3 Gallons of 

Water on Each Flushing 

Look at the problem with the eyes of an architect or 

building manager, and it will bring sales to you. Here is 

a closet that flushes perfectly on less water than others, 

and saves many dollars on the year's water bill. 

Watrous Duojet Closets have been specified this year 

in hundreds of new buildings—and remodelings. 

Two powerful, converging jets insure immediate action, 

a thorough flush, with no waste water. The Watrous 

Duojet principle has no crevices, lodges or zigzag passages 

which form objectionable fouling places. 

SIF- 

Write todav'for catalog of the Watrous line, -which 

includes drinking fountains, flushing valves, urinals. 

self-closing cooks, liquid soap fixture.., etc. 

THE IMPERIAL JBRASS MFG. CO. 

1223 W.JHarrisonJSt., Chicago, 111. 

i A3E9U, 

PATENT Ô 

PLUMBING m 

FIXTURES , 1 

JJJESF**K •8s&'


The Barolmeters of American Business 


(Copyright by THF, STREET, Inc.) 


PW 

'f/f 

LY 

BUSINESS 

FAILURES 

(Dun's) 

(Number) 

LW 200 

PW 171 

LY 95 

1919 124 

BUILDING 

CONTRACTS 

(F. W. Dodge C 

(In Millions) 

$43. 

71. 

72} 

49 

PW 

LY 

LY 

W. 

• 9 

FOOD TIME BANK 

DEMAND 

LY 

PW ___- 

LY 

1 BANK STOCK SALES 

PRICES MONEY LOANS DEPOSITS CLEA 

(N. Y. Clearing 

(N. Y. Stock 

o.) (Annalist) (90 days 

(Index No.) (Mixed) 

262J 8% 

266t 8% 

282} 6% 

296 6'4% 


House) 

(In Millions) 

$5,414} 

5,393} 

5,354} 

5,012 

t Week ended Friday, } One week earlier than other barometers. 


House) 

( In Millions) 

$4,150} 

4,14.it 

4,182} 

4,051 

House) 

( 1 I Millions) 

$5,041} 

4,495} 

5.6181 

4,506 

Exchange) 

(Thousands of 

Shares) 

4.562t 

4.17.U 

6.490t 

6,017 

PW 

/?/f 

BOND 

SALES 

(N. Y. Stock 

Exchange) 

(In Thoustands) 

94.9871 

101,528t 

5S,401t 

72,523 

Summary of the Week's Developments the end of the week most of the declines had spent 

their force and the markets were rather unsettled. 

Decline of Four Points in Food Prices During Week 

There were no important developments in the metal 

markets during the week. All of them were dull and 

The decline in commodity prices is evidently re prices showed a downward tendency. Copper sold 

sulting in many losses through forced liquidation, ac down to 17 7-8 cents. There was not much trading in 

cording to The Street. The number of failures re iron and steel, although several of the railroads closed 

ported by Dun's during the past week has reached the contracts for steel requirements over the year. The 

200 mark, the largest in more than a year. The amount fuel markets were irregular. Reports from the mines 

of building that is being let also shows a more un indicate that fuel production is increasing and that the 

favorable condition, as there is a decline of- about 40 anthracite miners are back again to work. The price 

per cent from the previous week's high mark. The of coal is showing a sagging- tendency. 

decline in the price of building materials should help The foreign exchange market was irregular. In the 

bring this indicator up again, especially when declines middle of the week there was a sharp drop in rates 

have reached a more or less permanent level. Food on Italy but quotations for lira improved on Friday. 

prices declined four points during the week. The level Sterling declined early in the week but made a sub 

is now twenty points below the corresponding week stantial recovery later. 

last year and thirty-four points below last year's average. 

Call money was very slightly higher and time money 

remains the same at 8 per cent. Loans and deposits Hoosier Service—Water and Otherwise 

continue to show increases, with the loan increase Flint & Walling Manufacturing Co., Kendallville, 

three times as large as the increase in deposits. Bank Ind., has for distribution a neat and useful portfolio 

clearings through the New York Clearing House were entitled "Hoosier Water Service" which contains bul 

more than 10 per cent greater than tbe previous week, letins vividly illustrating the Hoosier water systems 

but smaller than the corresponding week last year, for shallow and deep wells of the various sizes as 

by about the same ratio. 

made by this company. The water systems, windmill 

The stock market was somewhat quieter. The br;nd and hand operated pumps are also described. Some of 

market also showed less business, although the volume the bulletins illustrate more in detail the pumping 

of trading in bonds was almost twice as large as the units as used in connection with the Hoosier water 

corresponding week last year. 

systems. 

Commodity prices still show a downward tendency. The plumber armed with this porfolio when visit 

Cotton and coffee show little change. Wheat closed ing a prospect can explain the Hoosier water system 

with a decline of 20 cents per bushel. Corn declined as lucidly and vividly as though he had the sample 

almost 7 cents per bushel. Raw sugar declined 1 1-4 outfit for demonstration. This portfolio can be had 

cents and refined sugar 2 cents per pound. Toward upon request of Flint & Walling Manufacturing Co. 

\

PLUMBER and 

STEAM FITTER 

Speeding Up Fall Plumbing Supply Sales 

Vol. XCIV, No. 16 NOVEMBER 5, 1920 $2.00 a Year 

Something on Effective Advertising Plans, Including Examples of Co-opera 

By W. B. STODDARD 

tive Publicity Methods—Suggestions on Window [and Showroom Displays 

In the autumn the householder, if he is thrifty, be- The cost of advertising, like that of every other 

gins to look around and see what is necessary to put community, has advanced greatly, and many merhis 

bouse or ranch or outbuildings in order ere winter chants are finding the co-operative advertising plan 

descends. This, then, is the opportunity of the very effective. In many respects it is better than inplumber, 

and he should open up an advertising cam- dividual advertising, as a group can take large space, 

paign that will let the world know that he has all the and hammer home their ideas to better advantage. 

materials that are necessary and all of the labor which One of the best campaigns of this description is bewill 

be required to do a first class plumbing job. ing conducted at present by a number of the leading 

AN ATTRACTIVE WINDOW DISPLAY USED BY THE ERNST HARDWARE CO., SEATTLE, WASH.


firms of Regina, Sask. They take an entire page in 

the local papers, and fill the three middle columns 

with interesting reading matter such as "Record of 

Construction in Canada the past year," "Heating Costs 

and Systems," "Re-Modeling the Old Home," and 

others of the same tenor. In each issue they also 

show the ground floor plans of a house or cottage. 

The balance of the page is divided into ten sections 

in each of which the individual advertiser places his 

announcement. 

One of the best ads was tbat of Vagg, Wilson & 

Co., plumbers, who showed the cut of a heater, and 

advised: "Don't wait until it is 40 deg. below zero 

before you think about having your heating plant 

overhauled—Do it NOW." 

The firm of Blair Bros., plumbers, bore merely the 

pithy suggestion: "Telephone us for Prices on'your 

Fall Plumbing." 

Roantree & O'Neill, plumbing, said: "Let us give 

you an estimate on plumbing and heating. We specialize 

on fitting up country homes. Let us give you 

a figure on a model garage." 

In addition to the plumbing firms there were several 

dealers in lumber, builders' hardware, architects 

and general house outfitters, and the combined advertising 

was so conspicuous that it set the entire community 

to thinking. 

The leading building and outfitting firms of Fl 

Centro, tbe metropolis of Imperial Valley, Cal., went a 

step farther in their campaign for securing the autumn 

business. They banded themselves together and 

adopted a slogan "Patronize Your Own Home Town." 

Like thc Regina group, they took a full page in the 

newspapers to set forth the advantages of patronizing 

home _ merchants, but they conducted in addition a 

more intensive advertising campaign, in order to reach 

the farmers and ranchers. Leaflets were printed 

which were placed in all the vehicles coming to town, 

and wrapped with all merchandise sold. These complemented 

the newspaper ads, and read: 

Fellow Citizen. : 

Suppose vou come as a transient bu3"er into a strange 

store or office in a strange town. It naturally follows 

that the salesman who waits upon you will try to get 

all he can from you while the getting is good" 

But you have been our customers for years and will 

—we hope—continue to be so for years to come. We 

are located amongst you and any complaints can be adjusted 

today, tomorrow or next year—something you 

find it impossible to do when you buy out of town. 

This is a period of economy—and we want to help 

you to build and buy, refurnish and repair, as cheaply 

as is consistent with good materials and workmanship. 

Come in and tell us your wants. 

This leaflet was signed by all of the twenty firms participating. 

Then they went a step further and planted 

wooden signs along the highways entering town 

RANCHERS AND FARMERS 

Can you expect co-operation from strangers? We, the 

leading merchants of El Centro, have cast our lots with 

you, to be a community in which we shall all be happy 

and prosperous. If we are to attain this condition, 

there must be close co-operation between all of us, and 

we promise you that we will do our full part. 

Come to us and talk over your building, repairing, refurnishing 

and refitting needs, and let us help you to 

get your home and its surroundings in good shape before 

thc rains and winds of winter. 

Of course most of the firms took occasion to do 

some individual advertising, as near as possible to the 

full page general ad, and among the plumbing and 

hardware firms who helped to boost home products 

STEAM FITTER November 5. 1920 

and labor were Edgar Bros. Co., Delta Co., and the 

Imperial Valley Hardware Co. 

But after the house has been repaired and put in 

ship shape for the winter there still remain the fixtures 

and supplies to be considered. Here is the 

catchy way in which Knapp & Zylstra, Lynden, Wash., 

made a bid for the local trade. They showed a cut of 

a man pressing a button, and said: 

DOESN'T IT LOOK EASY? 

It is, when you know how. It's the "know how" that 

makes it easy for us to satisfy your wants. Our aim 

is to do our work so that-not only will the installation 

be satisfactory, but that it will perform its work in an 

equally satisfactory manner. 

Another ad, that called attention to their bath tubs, 

advised: 

READY FOR A BATH— 

And lhe bath is ready for you, at any moment you 

choose. This luxury is within the reach of everybody 

these days—but of course the enjoyment of the bath is 

enhanced when it is taken in one of our large tubs. 

Throw out the old one you have, and let us sell you a 

modern porcelain tub, at a reasonable price. 

Forewarned is forearmed, they say, and thus it was 

that Fluckabay & Barger, a hustling plumbing firm of 

Hood River, Ore., called to mind the unusually severe 

cold snap of last December in order to push the sale 

and installation of their pipeless furnaces. In their 

ad they said: 

i 

Do You REMEMBER THE SUDDEN SNOWSTORM AND FREEZE 

OF DECEMBER. 1919? 

Wc merely call your attention to it in order that you 

may prepare yourself before another winter sets in. 

Remember what George Washington said: "In times 

of peace prepare for war." We are agents for pipeless 

furnaces. Get in your order now for furnaces and installations—otherwise 

you may be too late. 'Phone us 

for quick repair work. 

AN EXCELLENT PLAN OE CONCENTRATION 

This firm had an excellent plan of concentration, 

that not only made their repair jobs more profitable, 

but gave real service to their patrons. Whenever they 

receive a call for services from a householder, they 

inquire if he or she knows of any other family in the 

neighborhood who wants any repairing done, as it 

would be cheaper for all concerned if the man sent out 

could do several jobs in one neighborhood. If the 

prospective patron has heard of work needed and 

gives the name of the party, the firm immediately 

calls them up and advises that they are doing a repair 

job in that neighborhood, and if they would not like 

their work done at the same time—explaining to them, 

also, that it will be cheaper for both parties, as it 

saves the man's time. If the original patron cannot 

recall having heard any neighbor who wants work 

done, the firm takes a chance, and calls up several 

parties in that vicinity, asking if they are in need of 

any repairs to the plumbing, explaining that a man is 

to be sent to their neighborhood, and that if anything 

is needed, now is the cheapest time to have the work 

done. 

Care is always taken to impress upon the first caller 

that they will be only too glad to send a man to do 

tbeir work, whether any other business is secured or 

not, and the only reason for asking is in the spirit of 

helpfulness and to make it cheaper for all concerned. 


Nine Men on the Job, 

One Working—What Happens? 

Great Accomplishments Are Not the Result of Idleness or Shirking—Nor 

Can an Industry Maintain Its Prestige If Those Connected 

with It Shirk Their Responsibility for Its Advancement 

The progress of the plumbing industry can only 

keep pace with that of other industries as the result 

of co-operative effort. No one man can supply the 

total required work. It must be inspired by the few, 

performed by the representatives and backed by the 

mass of those connected with the industry. It is the 

one sure »oad to progress for any industry. 

Are you doing your part? Are you taking any 

MAJOR WILLIAM C. GROENIGER 

PRESIDENT AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SANITARY ENGINEERING 

part ? Would you not like to take part ? You can. 

The American Society of Sanitary Engineering is the 

logical medium by which the plumbing industry can 

consistently show progress. It is doing a good work. 

It could accomplish much more. It needs support. 

It is worthy and should have it. 

For the past 3 years it has been led by Major William 

C. Groeniger as president. You may be a very 

busy man. So is Mr. Groeniger. He is a consulting 

sanitary engineer, president of the W. C. Groeniger 

Manufacturing Co., member of the American Public 

Health Association, and with-all he still makes time 

to push forward toward progress for the industry by 

taking an active part as president of the American 

Society of Sanitary Engineering. His energetic work 

in behalf of the society and the industry are donated 

free of all cost to the society. His ability is unquestioned 

and his conduct of the society merits the confidence 

and support of the plumbing industry. 

Mr. Groeniger's ideas on the subject are given in 

the following: 

TO MAKE THE WORLD SANITARY FOR HUMANITY 

This is an era of large things, of accomplishments 

on a scale at once so stupendous that without centralized 

authority and careful organization, little can be 

done. Everything from the small backwoods logging 

camp to the Standard Oil Co. is organized, has its 

centralized authority, its intense organization and annual 

meetings of its officers, directors and members, 

to consider matters for the common good. 

If the American Society of Sanitary Engineering 

would accomplish its mission to the fullest extent, it 

would extend its influence to every corner of the 

earth. It must function as a single unit. And to do 

this, its component parts—active, associate, contributing 

members—must become and continue to be, functioning 

parts of this great machine, driving as a 

unit towards the goal of making the World Sanitary 

for Humanity. 

The American Society of Sanitary Engineering is 

not concerned in blowing its own horn; it does not 

seek self-applause; it is concerned in getting things 

done and never demands its measure of reward. It 

believes in subordinating personal praise and glory to 

the largeness of the work there, is to do. Service, 

self-sacrifice and co-operation are its principles. It 

believes that the world and its people are less concerned 

in the agency of achievement than in the finished 

product of the effort of such agency. 

MEMBERSHIP IN THE SOCIETY 

Membership in the American Society of Sanitary 

Engineering is purely voluntary. It forms a common 

ground upon which all those interested in sanitary 

science may meet. The sanitary engineer, the plumbing 

inspector, the sanitary inspector, the superintendent 

of sewers, the master plumber, the journeyman 

plumber, the jobber, the manufacturer may become 

members either as an active, an associate or a contributing 

member. 

The American Society of Sanitary Engineering 

recognizes its full duty in that tremendous undertaking 

in the standardization of plumbing and plumbing 

material. Coordinating with the other interested organizations, 

we have a duty to perform and it is each 

individual's duty to contribute his share to this great 

work. Our goal for 1921 is 1000 members and A. E. 

Smith, State Department of Health, Columbus, Ohio, 

has been appointed chairman of the Membership 

Drive. The Committee of Research, with J. J. Crotty, 

Central Foundry Co., Boston, Mass., as the general 

chairman, is already active. 

Interest in the public comfort station is being revived. 

Each individual who is interested in the advancement 

of sanitary science is welcome to membership 

in the American Society of Sanitary Engineering. 


480 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER November 5, 1920 

Effect of Standardization on Small Plumber 

Responses to the Questions Raised by One Deeply 

Interested That Shows Conservatism Will Prevail 

When a plumber in a small center remote from those 

of great activity sent in the letter presented in the 

issue of Metal Worker, Plumber and Steam Fitter, 

September 10, a copy of it was sent to several members 

of the National Standarization Committee and others 

as deeply interested. Some of the responses received 

are as follows: 

From George H. Drake, Heating and Plumbing, Buffalo, 

N. Y.—I have your letter of the 11th instant 

enclosing copy of a letter by "Suburban Plumber" 

which I have read. 

He is right. The results of standardization will be 

alike of great value to the master plumber, manufacturers 

and supply dealers, and it is not the intention of 

the Committee to let this movement cause loss to any 

master plumber. 

Since the Committee started to work and the suggestions 

made to it were gotten into form, these suggestions 

were printed and sent to all sections of the 

country for criticism, and the results of this criticism 

have been very helpful to the Committee. 

The question of soil pipe has been settled and standard 

weight is not to be discontinued. The only 

change in soil pipe, is the elimination of 7-in. pipe and 

fittings, in both standard and extra heavy. 

The question of the short bath tub was given a 

great deal of consideration and caused a great deal of 

argument at association meetings all over the country. 

It is the opinion of the Committee that it would be 

impractical to eliminate the 4 and 4}/_ ft. sizes, for 

the very reasons given in this letter. We do think, 

however, that the use of these sizes should be discouraged 

in new buildings. 

The "Several Other Features," referred to by 

"Suburban Plumber," should be referred to the Committee 

direct whom I am sure would welcome his 

criticism, as it would help them to solve the many 

problems now before them. 

AN OPINION FROM OHIO 

From William C. Groeniger. consulting sanitary engineer, 

Columbus, Ohio—Thank you so much for your 

favor of the 11th instant enclosing a letter in which 

some rather practical objections are raised to Standardization. 

In the first place it should be emphasized that standardization 

is a matter of evolution and not revolution. 

It is not the purpose of the National Bureau of Standardization 

to scrap available materials now in the 

course of manufacture or in stock. 

The same question in regard to the use of only extra 

heavy cast iron soil pipe was raised in many cities in 

this state when we first adopted and enforced our state 

code. Opportunity was given master plumbers, who 

had the foresight and astute business ability to maintain 

a large stock of pipe and fittings, to get rid of this 

material without loss. 

A city, state or national code could not be put into 

immediate effect. Sufficient time would have to be allowed 

the various interests to adjust themselves to 

new standards and regulations. It would be fallacy 

to attempt any other procedure. 

The 4 or 4}_-ft. bath tub is a great deal better than 

no bath tub at all. As I understand it, the elimination 

of these two sizes is for new installations where ample 

space may be provided for the 5-ft. tub. When we 

stop to consider that less than 50 per cent of the residences 

in these United States have bath tubs and that 

the question of space is very important, the 4 and 4J_ft. 

tubs are still a factor in making the world sanitary 

for humanity. From our view point we believe that 

you can assure the "Surburban Plumber" that his interests 

and the needs of his clients will be given every 

consideration and no ill advised action taken which 

may tend to injure the advancement and progress of 

sanitary science. 

Let me repeat that evolution and not revolution can 

insure the progress of National Standardization. 

From the Central Foundry Co., New York—I can 

speak with respect to standard and extra heavy pipe 

but know nothing of the matter of the shorter bath 

tubs which your correspondent refers to. 

I think there is much less saving in the use of 

standard pipe as compared with heavy pipe than is 

generally thought, for the reason that the breakage of 

standard is very large and the cost of installation 

through this breakage and the greater care required in 

caulking joints, is increased. This is particularly so in 

places where the requirements of plumbing are high. 

If a test is required, there is no question in my mind 

that the necessity of having tight joints increases sufficiently 

the cost to make the complete roughing in as 

expensive with standard pipe as with heavy pipe. 

The cost of making standard pipe in the foundry 

is greater per length, exclusive of the iron which goes 

into the pipe, than making heavy pipe. I do not think 

that the distribution of these costs and the losses which 

have ensued from breakage in and about the foundry 

and during shipment have been adequately taken care 

of by manufacturers and I believe that on closer investigation 

the spread between standard and heavy 

pipe vvill be increased in the future rather than diminished. 

From a bath tub inanufacturer—As to bath tubs, 

particularly the staple type in the 4 and 4>_ ft. lengths, 

I do not think any of us should do much worrying 

over their elimination. The manufacturer under normal 

conditions will produce any article on which there 

is a reasonable sale and proportionate profit. I see 

little likelihood of either of these sizes being eliminated 

and particularly the 4^-ft. size. Standardization like 

everything else could be carried too far. I do not 

believe, however, such will be the case, speaking primarily 

of enameled sanitary ware. 

THE OBJECT OF THE COMMITTEE 

From E. Baggot Co., Chicago, ///.—The Standardization 

Committee appointed by the National Association 

of Master Plumbers was to act as an Advisory 

Board on material standardization and that it is our 

object where there is any opposition to any type of 

fixtures or pipe and fittings, to approve only such 

types as are accepted by the entire trade. 

There was some opposition in regard to the short 

horn closet bowls at our last convention and our Committee 

has recommended to the potterers that they

Novem 1 

make both the long and short horn on the water closet 

bowls and this leaves the master plumber to use whichever 

kind he desires. 

The Committee will also recommend to the enameled 

iron manufacturers that they continue to make both 

a 4 and 4 I _-ft. bath tub and there shall be no elimination 

in the size of the bath tubs. Also in regard to the 

standard pipe it is our object to co-operate with all the 

master plumbers in our Association and all the Standardization 

Committee intends to do now in the coming 

year is to make recommendations to the Directors of 

the National Association of Master Plumbers and it 

will be up to our Executive Board to authorize us to 

make any changes with the manufacturers. 

I further wish to state that Standardization is for 

progress and I do not see how any member of the 

Association can stop progress. 

In conclusion, I wish to state that A. E. Smith, secretary 

of the American Society of Sanitary Engineering, 

in a letter from their headquarters No. 8 East 

Chestnut street, Columbus, Ohio, under date of July 

16, called attention to the importance of Standardization 

in the plumbing field, and emphasized that the 

real opportunity for discussion presented in St. Louis 

the second week in September at the Society's sixteenth 

annual convention: A portion of his letter 

follows: 

IMPORTANCE OF STANDARDIZATION 

"Your are interested in Standardization. You know 

that the standardization of plumbing and plumbing materials 

will be beneficial to your city. You can assist 

a movement that requires service, self-sacrifice and cooperation. 

We know that thousands of dollars can 

be saved through the standardization of plumbing and 

plumbing materials without destroying the efficiency 

of the system. 

"Standardization will aid production. Standardization 

will assist in solving the housing problem. Standardization 

vvill divert temporary into permanent labor 

production. Standardization, will stimulate business 

operations. Standardization will eliminate waste. 

Standardization will minimize repairs. Standardization 

will simplify installation. Standardization will 

assist in fair competition. Standardization will give 

opportunty for uniform and equal application and enforcement 

of sanitary laws. Standardization vvill help 

make the world sanitary for humanity." 

I further wish to add in regard to the point of your 

inquiry about the loss the small suburban plumber vvill 

be put to by the elimination of standard pipe and 

fittings, if you or the "Suburban Plumber" had read 

the report of the Standardization Committee to our 

National Plumbers Convention carefully, you would 

have found the only elimination in either extra heavy 

or standard pipe is the discontinuing of 7-in. pipe 

both standard and extra heavy and also discontinuing 

of 8, 10, 12 and 15-in. standard pipe. 

There were no other changes recommended but the 

above and I feel very confident that your "Suburban 

Plumber" does not use either 8, 10, 12 or 15-in. 

standard pipe and, if he does, he should use only large 

sizes extra heavy pipe to do a real job. 

Celebration at Kewanee Boiler Plant 

Twelve thousand people participated in the community 

celebration October 19 in recognition of 

BER AND STEAM FITTER 4-81 

Kewanee's industrial growth, as evidenced by the new 

$950,000 addition to the plant of the Kewanee Boiler 

Co., Kewanee, 111. In the evening there was a big 

dance, witb music being furnished by the United 

States Marine Band. Brief talks were made by 

Mayor J. H. Andrews, W. H. Lyman representing 

Kewanee's commercial interests, George Daniels, for 

the old employees, Frank M. Lay, Boss Manufacturing 

Co., Howard Coonley, president, Walworth Manufacturing 

Co.; R. L. Woolheather, spoke for the new generation 

of the company's employees, J. E. Hamilton 

represented the Worden-Allen Co. and E. E. Baker, 

president of the Kewanee Boiler Co. 

i 

World War Veteran Starts Plumbing Busine 

Henry Legasse, a World War veteran who has 

served as a member of the Fall River, Mass., Memorial 

Building Commission, has resigned to devote his 

time to his new plumbing business. 

Speeding Up Fall Plumbing Sales 


When everything is said, however, there is no 

agency so effective for the selling of plumbing supplies 

as a good window display. A. G. Heinmiller, 

of the Ernst Hardware Co., of Seattle, Wash., one of 

the best departmentized hardware stores in the country, 

expressed the opinion recently that the selling 

value of any merchandise increased fully 100 per cent 

when same was placed in the window. 

"We never show but one line at a time," he said, 

"in order that the mind may concentrate on that, and 

vve change our windows frequently, twice a week always, 

and sometimes oftener. For this reason our 

backgrounds are always very simple and of a nature 

to harmonize with several classes of merchandise. 

"The only exception we make to the rule is in our 

display of plumbing fixtures. In this case, instead of 

a window, we have glass extending entirely to the 

floor, and behind the glass a complete modern bath 

room installed, with walls of white, nickle finishings, 

and all connections made. The bath room is fitted up 

ready for use, even to soap and towels. Occasionally 

vve place in the room wax figures in bath robes, to 

add to the realism. At times, too, we have running 

water, showing the shower bath, the vapor bath, etc. 

"The chief reason that we have placed this display 

on the floor instead of in the window, is that people 

dislike to make themselves conspicuous by stepping up 

into the window. If the fixtures are in a room on 

the floor level of the store, they vvill walk in to examine 

them more closely, if they see any special feature 

that interests them. 

"In all of our installation and repair jobs vve make 

a great point of our service—having a big blue and 

white truck always on hand so that in ten minutes 

after a leak starts we can be on the job. The conspicuous 

manner in which the car is painted is a constant 

advertisement for us, and frequently when we 

are at work at a certain place other householders in 

the neighborhood, seeing the car, will hasten to consult 

us regarding work which they themselves wish done."

Pertinent Facts on Power Pipe Machines 

Every Shop Cannot Maintain a Fully Equipped Power Pipe Shop 

But There Are Hundreds of Shops in Which Power Cutting 

and Threading Machinery Would Show a Handsome Profit 

The price of pipe is at a high level. The concensus 

of opinion among those who are in a position to know 

is that there vvill be no recession in the price of goods 

manufactured of iron for some time. In fact, the 

general cost of living can recede but slowly. Wages 

are firm with an upward tendency. 

Considering these facts, the power pipe machine 

offers an opportunity to speed production, reduce labor 

THE DUPLEX IMPROVED PIPE MACHINE MANUFACTURED 

BY THE BIGNALL AND KEELER MACHINE CO. 

costs and eliminate waste in many shops. Every shop 

owner whose shop is not now equipped with power 

cutting and threading machines would do well to ascertain 

the cost of the necessary pipe threading and 

cutting equipment that would satisfactorily do the 

cutting and threading required by his shop and to 

carefully weigh the cost of this investment against the 

value of greater ouput, efficiency, general saving and 

convenience. 

In ascertaining this information perhaps a few 

leads will not be amiss. It would be extremely unwise 

to tie up in power machinery, capital that is needed 

to operate the business. But if on estimating the saving 

or the excess earning the power machinery guarantees 

paying for itself over a reasonable period of 

time, it would be wise to borrow the money and have 

the power machinery. 

OUTSTANDING ADVANTAGES OF POWER MACHINERY 

Power machinery has these salient advantages for 

the shop. Its capacity for output is much larger, 

making the actual cost of cutting and threading much 

less, if kept consistently busy. The efficiency of power 

machine is much greater. The general savings can be 

computed in savings of time, by comparing hand output 

against power machine output; the comparative 

amount of cutting oil used, there being a considerably 

greater waste of oil with the hand driven than that 

incurred in the use of power machinery; the actual 

feet of pipe saved, as the short pieces of pipe that accumulate 

without being threaded on either end or on 

one end only are usually junked where cutting is done 

by hand power only; the men's time profitably utilized 

that would otherwise be wasted. 

With power equipment in the shop the men can be 

set to cutting the short pieces or waste ends of pipe 

into nipples, which will be produced at a cost comparing 

favorably with that at which nipples might be 

purchased in the open market. It is a well established 

fact, to the shop owner, that cutting nipples by hand 

is not profitable, particularly when men are just killing 

time at it. Then there is the convenience of having 

power machinery which allows of handling work with 

much greater ease and dispatch, decreases the man 

power needed, and gives the shop greater prestige. 

GREATEST ECONOMY ESSENTIAL 

The high scale of wages and the scarcity of mechanics 

make it imperative that for greatest economy 

and service all these features should be carefully considered 

and their net benefit weighed against the cost 

of equipment. Experience has demonstrated the practicability 

of cutting out the entire job in the shop and 

has proven this method more satisfactory to the customer, 

as it materially shortens the time required to 

complete the work in the building. Further, it allows 

of the measurements being taken by the expert workman, 

thus eliminating the wrong measurements and 

useless cuts made by the 1918 mechanics who, through 

force of circumstances, are sometimes employed. 

The question of having or not having power pipe 

cutting and threading tools is one that must be decided 

by each shop individually. However, it is one 

that all shops should carefully check to ascertain its 

advantage. 

Manufacturers of power pipe threading and cutting 

A CURTIS AND CURTIS PIPE THREADING MACHINE 

machinery have compiled for distribution catalogues, 

bulletins and data sheets which give all the necessary 

information about the machines. They also can give 

accurate data on the actual cost of cutting and threading 

various sizes of pipe with their type of machine. 

That is the information you need. It is accurate. It 

can be had simply for the asking. Equipped with 


November 5. 1920 P L U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER 483 

An Explanation of Our Local Associations 

Training Schools Where the Master Plumbers May Receive 

Their First Lessons of Industrial Co-operation 

In order to properly carry out' its plans for Trade 

Advancement and the education of its members, the 

National Association has wisely divided its activities 

into state and local associations each having its particular 

field of usefulness and each having some part 

in the education of the master plumber. 

It shall be our purpose to devote this article to an 

explanation of the local associations, tbeir relations to 

the National and how they may be styled the "Schools 

of First Principles in the Lessons of Industrial Cooperation." 

Of the state associations and their work 

we shall speak at another time. 

The locals are the real strength of the National. 

Their delegates compose the national convention and 

make its laws. They meet monthly or more often and, 

therefore, come in closer contact with the individual 

master plumber than does the national with its yearly 

meeting and its correspondence. We do not wish to 

imply that the locals can serve every requirement of 

the master plumber and that the state and national 

associations have little or no part in the work. Quite 

the contrary, without these larger organizations there 

could be no locals. They surround the smaller bodies 

with a moral influence not obtainable in any other 

way. They take their undeveloped thoughts, mold 

them into proper shape and make them things of 

progress. They secure for their work the stamp of 

public approval and national support. Therefore, in 

this planning of ours, we must not forget that for our 

real accomplishments we are indebted to our national 

association and to the men who have built its policies 

and inspired us to give something in service to the 

business whence comes our livelihood. 

THE MISSION OF THE LOCALS 

The importance of the locals will not suffer in this 

tribute to the National. Theirs is of different scope. 

They must attract the non-member by personal contact; 

they must influence him to become one of their 

members and bring his problems to the meeting room. 

They must promote the spirit of friendship and break 

down the barriers that make competitors enemies. 

They must bring to their members the lessons of the 

parent organization, both in the management and the 

selling policy of the Industry. They must guard the 

integrity of the national association by the enactment 

of laws modeled after the National laws and in support 

of the laws of the country. They must, in a 

word, teach the non-member the value of Industrial 

cooperation and fit him to take his place in councils 

of his fellow-members and to give them service. 

This mission is not always understood by our 

locals, with the result that we have both the successful 

and the non-successful kind. One. a real training 

school, active in its help to its members and always 

building for "Bigger Things." The other a field of 

indifference, just drifting where each depends upon the 

other and no one serves. If vve can, in this explanation 

of our locals, make it clear to our readers their 

purposes and induce our members to give more of their 

time to the building of the successful ones and the 

* President of the National Association of Master Pumbers. 

BY D. F. DURKIN, JR.* 

elimination of the other kind, there vvill be in a shottime 

more master plumbers affiliated with the National 

th. n would be found on the outside. 

We must make our locals more attractive, first bv 

the elevation to office of men who are qualified to lead, 

-md who will not find it inconvenient to help their 

fellow-men. There are many such men. The pity of 

it all is that we do not always recognize ability, and we 

often put men in high places who have no business 

there. 

PLACE FOR EDUCATIONAL WORK 

When the local officers and directors are selected 

with care and when the local by-laws are modeled 

after the National Code and stamped with the National 

approval, the local begins its work of education. 

To its meetings come the men who will not be found 

in either the state or National conventions and who 

receive at these meetings their first lessons in business 

building. Some never get above these first lessions, but 

there are many who do and who become the real hope 

of the industry and National leaders. The meeting 

must be m. de the clearing house of trade problems 

and their solution, and the men must be encouraged to 

take part in their discussions. No narrow minded 

policy of placing great restrictions on membership will 

ever make a successful local. In this land where 

all men are created equal, there should be a welcome 

hand extended to the stranger, and only character 

made the mark of our friendship. We ought to even 

go after him by special drives, when vve would make 

entrance into our associations so easy that none would 

refuse the invitation, and vve soon would have almost 

perfect industrial co-operation. 

There is a duty upon each member of our national 

association to help make his local association successful 

and make it a benefit to the master plumber and to 

the public, to encourage the advancement of men of 

ability in his local, state and National councils and do 

everything in his power to advance the Industry and 

bring the lessons of association value to every master 

plumber connected with it. 

Nine Men on the Job, One Working—What 

Happens? 


The society must have the support of the industry 

if it is to achieve the great benefits which are within 

its province. Every plumber is a part of that industry. 

Each one supporting the society vvill get ever increasing 

returns for such support. The work must be 

done if plumbers are to enjoy the prestige incident to 

a live industry. Every plumber can perform his 

share without inconvenience. All need to do it to 

insure greatest benefit. 

A letter addressed to A. E. Smith, State Department 

of Health, Columbus, Ohio, will bring you complete 

information for the asking. You owe it to yourself 

and to the industry to engage in this work. Your 

pound on the wheel will be felt. It is needed.


Heating and Giving Modern Factory a Climate 

It Is a Far Cry from the Old Dutch Oven and Open Fireplace to Heating 

the Modern Factory and Equipping It with a Climate Made to Order 

One of the modern factory jobs brings, out the advance 

made by the heating industry and shows the 

interesting problems to be overcome in providing an 

atmosphere and temperature which will allow of efficiency 

and continuous operation. The human side of it is 

just another illustration that it pays to face the blank 

wall of the future, no matter how impenetrable it may 

seem, with a grim determination to make every job a 

;fT—*": ifryf 

..(AM 

dieated on the plan Fig. 2 to supply heating units as 

shown. American Radiator Co., wall radiation is used 

on the first and second floors and pipe coils in basement 

hung near the ceiling. 

The condensation as shown by basement plan, Fig. 1, 

is collected and returned to the boiler room through a 

2-in. return carried under ground to a Jennings vacuum 

pump, manufactured by the Nash Engineering Co., 

EIG. 1—PLAN, BOILER HOUSE AND FACTORY BASEMENT—STEAM COILS HUNG NEAR CEILING 

builder of good repute by subordinating immediate gain 

to satisfactory operation and service to the customer. 

In Michigan City a new factory for Smith Brothers, 

manufacturers of cough drops, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 

is nearing completion. The steam for factory use and 

heating is supplied by two 125-h.p. high pressure boilers, 

manufactured by the Wickes Boiler Co., Saginaw, Mich. 

These boilers are cross-connected, as shown on boiler 

room plan, Fig. No. 3, and are equipped with the Detroit 

automatic stokers of ample capacity to carry a 50 

per cent overload. The heating of factory is accomplished 

by low pressure Warren Webster vacuum system. 

The high steam pressure steam from boilers enters the 

6 in. heating main through a Foster pressure regulating 

valve, manufactured by the Foster Engineering Co., 

Newark, N. J. The 6-in. main is carried across court 

and up to ceiling of second floor of factory, then as in- 

*; Cfit/rrG 

South Norwalk, Conn., in the boiler house, which pumps 

all the air and condensation from returns into the tank 

of a Linton combination return tank and feed water 

heater, manufactured by the Linton Machine Co., 26 

Cortlandt street, New York City. This tank is placed 

somewhat above the level of the pump which has a vent 

connection extending to outside atmosphere. Therefore 

the air from the pump escapes through the vent, 

the condensation going into tank from whence it flows, 

by gravity and is returned to boilers by the steam-driven 

boiler feed pumps. 

Rooms which are air conditioned are supplied with 

only enough radiation to keep the sprinkler system from 

freezing at night, as in practice it has been found that 

the air conditioning system, which is used as a hot blast 

in the winter time, will raise the temperature of the 

room to the desired point within one-half hour after the

November 5. 1920 P L U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER 

hot blast has been started, if the heat is turned off during 

the night. This effects a distinct saving of fuel as it 

eliminates the necessity of maintaining an unnecessarily 

high temperature in those rooms throughout the night. 

All other rooms are figured to be heated to 60 or 70 deg. 

Fahr. as required when the outside temperature is at 

minus 10 deg. Fahr. 

Climate doctoring or air conditioning is the art of 

cleansing and delivering a uniform climate in any place 

desired. By climate is meant air at any given temperature 

supplied with an unvarying pre-determined amount 

of moisture. Of course the amount of moisture determined 

upon must of necessity be within the maximum 

and minimum limits of saturation. 

Cough drops are packed by automatic machinery. 

The operation makes a certain amount of candy dust. 

On a hot, humid day this dust, if exposed to the natural 

climate, becomes sticky, gumming up the machinery and 

stopping it from work. Moreover, such weather conditions 

causes graining and loss of transparency in hard 

candies. Therefore, in order that the machinery to 

be continuous in operation, and the cough drops to be 

of the best quality, an even temperature, with a fixed 

quantity of moisture, must be supplied. 

The first step in manufacturing a climate is usually 

to take the natural moisture out of the air. Even where 

you want a given percentage of moisture it is easiest 

to remove from your air the uncertain and varying percentage 

of natural moisture, and then replace it with 

just the number of grains of water per cubic foot required. 

Drying air is somewhat different from drying 

clothes. It cannot be successfulhc- accomplished with 

heat only. While heat raises the temperature of the air, 

AuC «£_*/.C««« TO î4£.JZJ 

r# o« wxfi. orr rne. -rot* or 

'HM MHrffW 

TO «*•«• WUffWlllW 

they quickly adopted another method—that of freezing 

the moisture out of the air by passing it over refrigerating 

coils. One of the first applications of this method 

was in the steel industry, where it was found that fluc- 

FIG. 3—DETAIL OF BOILER ROOM PIPING 

tuations in the moisture of air in blast furnaces and 

converters caused costly heat losses and sometimes 

variations in the quality of steel On a humid day about 

4 to 5 gal. of water are carried into a modern blast 

furnace every minute—equal to what will constantly 

run out of your kitchen faucet. Freezing did the business, 

but there was a drawback: Moisture taken out of 

i SrssisP Atrti"$A,-&. 

fo .. 

_3" 


T. E. B. Field Representatives Take to Road 

"Missionaries" of the Gospel of Profitable Business Methods for 

the Plumbing and Heating Contractor Take Up Their Work 

October 15, 1920, is a date worthy of noting on the 

calendar, for all concerned in the plumbing and heating 

industry. On that day, the first flight of Field Representatives 

of the National Trade, Extension Bureau 

completed their training at headquarters, and were sent 

out for actual work, in the 

way of direct personal 

effort in the direction of 

being helpful, in every way 

possible, first to the plumbing 

and heating contractor, 

and then to every other 

interest in the industry to 

which the benefit of their 

services can be contributed. 

It is probable that, outside 

of the organization of the 

Bureau itself 2 years ago, no more important step than 

this, in the direction of generally improving business 

conditions within the industry, has ever been taken. 

The men selected for this highly important work, 

were chosen: First, because of having had training 

that would lead them to a practical understanding and 

appreciation of the problems that must be met by the 

plumbing and heating contractor, if he is to operate 

his business profitably. With this as a foundation, 

these men were carefully educated in the actual knowledge 

of facts and conditions, which results from the 

Bureau's nation wide contact with the industry; and 

thoroughly trained in effective methods of transmitting 

this information to the contractor, to whatever extent 

it might be required of them. 

As has been previously announced, it is the intention 

of the Bureau to have a sufficient number of these 

Field Representatives to cover the entire territory of 

the United States at frequent periods; personally 

visiting the contractors in their territory, and doing 

anything and everything that can be done in the way 

of supplying information that will enable the contractor 

to put into effect, in connection with his own 

business, those tried and successful practices, which 

the National Trade Extension Bureau will have collected 

from all over the country, and put to the test 

of careful analysis and examination. 

Beyond a doubt, it is unnecessary to ask the trade 

for a courteous reception for these Field Representatives 

of the Bureau. But it can do no harm to emphasize 

the fact, that the only purpose that they can possibly 

have for calling upon the contractor, is bound 

up in either bringing to him some helpful idea that will 

benefit his business, or getting from him some ideas of 

a similar nature that the intelligent and up-to-date 

contractor vvill be glad to contribute to benefit the 

industry, and thereby improve the conditions under 

which he himself will be able to do business. 

The four men, whose training has been completed, 

and have actually taken the road, are men who ought 

to succeed largely in this specially interesting work. 

Their names and descriptions follow— 

Daniel L. Hanson hardly needs introduction to the 

trade. For years he has been well known as the author 

of a large amount of literature published in the trade 

papers and in business magazines. He is widely in 

formed in a practical way about those things which 

will be interesting to plumbing and heating contractors. 

S. F. Martin was, for a number of years, engaged 

in business as a plumbing and heating contractor. 

Obviously, he has first hand knowledge of a great 

many things about which 

the plumbing and heating 

contractor may need advice 

or suggestion. His practical 

experience of the business 

combined with close 

study of T. E. B. information 

equips Mr. Martin to 

give 100 per cent service 

in this particular direction. 

R. E. Maloney is the son 

of a master plumber, w.ho 

is a well known personality, especially in the Middle 

West. In addition to a considerable amount of pract 

; Editor's Note: This article is well worth 

reading. You may know more about operating 

a modern plumbing business than any or 

all of these men. Who can say for sure? 

Can vou until you find out what they do 

knowl' Afford them courteous treatment; it 

zAill pay. Encourage them; they are on a 

mission friendly to your best interests. 

cal knowledge of the business, and training in 

T. E. B. offices, Mr. Maloney has the added advantage 

of a finished college education. 

L. A. Dunne has had some years of actual business 

experience in the plumbing and heating trade as bookkeeper 

and accountant. To his practical knowledge of 

trade conditions is added his training under T. E. B. 

Mr. Dunne should also prove himself a very capable 

and welcome Representative of T. E. B. throughout 

the field. 

The four men mentioned above are all that have 

thus far taken the field. T. E. B. already has another 

man in reserve for this activity, who will be recognized 

at once as in his own person an authority on the 

subjects that the plumbing and heating contractor 

would wish to know. This man is Professor Arthur 

Bateman. Through • previous connection with the 

American Schools of Chicago, as well as years of very 

successful experience as a practical instructor in sanitary 

engineering, Professor Bateman is indeed well 

and generally known to the plumbing and heating 

trades. To such as may not know him, it may be said 

without fear of contradiction, that Mr. Bateman will 

be found a most helpful and capable man in the 

capacity of Field Representative of this Bureau. Professor 

Bateman has only just recently returned from 

a trip to his partents' home in England, in order to 

take up the work. For those who may not know it, 

Professor Bateman, in addition to his knowledge and 

experience as an instructor, is also a practical mechanic 

capable of handling the tools himself upon any job 

of plumbing and steamfitting. Just as soon as Mr. 

Bateman has had time to become thoroughly familiar 

with T. E. B. plans and methods, he will also take 

up the work in this field. 

The National Trade Extension Bureau feels that a 

considerable amount of satisfaction may be worthily 

expressed over the personnel of its Field Representatives. 

There can be no doubt whatever that, within 

a very short time, the activity of these field men of the 

Bureau will be reflected in noticeable improvement, in 

directions where it is universally conceded that there 

is room for betterment of business methods and 

practice.

November 5, 1920 PLUM.BER A N.D SJEAM F I„T T.E R 487 



Circulation and Their Application to Heating Buildings 

BY EDWARD E. PARKER 

A considerable saving in fuel may be effected by 

covering the heater and cellar piping. Owing to their 

exposed position, cellar mains lose considerably more 

heat, for the same amount of surface, than a radiator. 

It has been estimated that a square foot of cellar main 

will give off as much heat in a season as 20 cents 

worth of coal vvill produce. This may be too liberal 

an estimate but, it is common to find fully 20 per cent. 

of the total radiating surface in hot-water heating 

plants, in the cellar mains. In such cases it is safe 

to say that the heat from more than 20 per cent, of the 

fuel burned during the reason, passes off into the 

cellar, and 75 to 80 per cent, of this radiation might 

have been retained by the use of a first class covering. 

Some of this loss is, however, more apparent than 

real, because some of the heat which passes off in the 

cellar, eventually finds its way into the upper part 

of the house through cracks and other openings, and 

that which remains in the cellar does a lot toward 

keeping the lower floors warm, and thus assists in the 

comfort of those who walk upon them. 

The most satisfactory covering for hot-water pipes, 

where appearance is not the first consideration, is a 

molded sectional wool felt, with asbestos paper lining 

and a cloth cover, and fitttings covered with plastic 

asbestos cement. It is cheap and effective. It is easily 

removed and replaced in case repair work makes 

it necessary to do so. The heater covering of plastic 

asbestos cement, mixed with water to the consistency 

of mortar, should be applied in successive layers, while 

the heater is warm, so that each coat will have a chance 

to dry on before the next one is applied. If the heater 

is covered with a light poultry netting, it will do much 

to hold the asbestos in place. Smooth trowel work will 

add greatly to the appearance of the job. 

The following table shows the percentage of heat 

transmitted by various tests made: 

DATE ON COMMERCIAL PIPE COVERINGS—L. B. McMillan 

Kind of covering, Thickness of single covering 

in inches. 

B.t.u. loss per sq. ft. per deg. temp. 

diff. for single thickness 

covered pipes 

Temp, difference (pipe and room) 

degrees Fahr. 

J. M. 85 per cent Magnesia (1.08 in.) 

0.435 0.4.38 0.446 0.455 0.469 0.488 

J. M. Indented (1.12 in.) 

0.472 0.483 0.309 0.549 0.603 0.666 

J. M. Vitribestos (0.96 in.) 

0.625 0.654 0.715 0.781 0.856 0.679 

J. M.Eureka (1.04 in.) 

0.444 0.4.51 0.464 0.478 •0.487 

J. M. Molded Asbestos (1.25 in.) 

0.517 0.522 0.539 0.561 0.596 

J. M. Wool Felt (1.10 in.) 

Sall-Mo Expanded Asbestos (1.07 in.) 

Carey Carocel (.99 in.) 

Carey Serrated (1.00 in.) 

Carey Duplex (.96 in.) 

Carev 85 per cent Magnesia (1.10 in) 

Sall-Mo Wool Felt-(1.01 in.) 

Nonpareil High Pressure (1.16 in.) 

J. M. Asbestos Fine Felt (0.99 in.) 

J. M. Asbestos Sponge Felted (1.16 in.) 

J. M. Asbestocel (1.10 in.) 

J. M. Air Cell (1.00 in.) 

0.386 0.400 0.421 0.442 •0.453 0.581 

0.409 0.427 0.464 0.50.3 0.541 0..562 

0.358 0.378 0.421 0.466 0.510 0.634 

0.454 0.468 0.506 0.546 0.587 

0.423 0.447 0.498 0.548 •0.574 0.472 

0.413 0.418 0.424 0.436 0.454 . 0.455 

0.395 0.401 0.4.33 0.459 t0.421 0.465 

T 

0.399 0.402 0.412 0.426 0.444 0.901 

0.694 0.711 0.749 0.795 0.845 '0.439 

T 

0.336 0.347 0.369 0.391 0.414 0.609 

0.418 0.429 0.454 0.493 '0.544 0.733 

0.459 0.475 0.515 0.571 T0.643 5.18 

Bare •For Pipe difference of temperature of 350 deg. Fahr. tl50 1.95 deg. 2.152 Fahr. 2.665 3.26 250 deg. 4.035 Fahr. 

No stop valve should be allowed between the heater 

and the overflow under any circumstances, and all 

50 

100 

200 

300 

400 

Part XV 

500 

valves on hot-water heating systems should be eliminated 

as far as possible, since every valve contains 

the elements of possible trouble. Thus, valves for 

cutting out certain risers should be avoided, because 

the ordinary hot-water radiator valve only is necessary 

to shut off practically all of the heat from the radiator 

to which it is attached, at the same time allowing 

sufficient hot water to pass along to prevent all danger 

of freezing, no matter how much the apartment is 

ventilated. 

USE OF VALVES 

If risers are cut out altogether by the use of absolutely 

tight valves, another pair of valves must be 

provided to drain the water out of both flow and 

return risers, and if this drainage is neglected, there 

is danger of damage by frost. 

Ordinary radiator valves are liable to leak around 

the stem, as the packing in the stuffing box becomes 

worn, or perhaps the nut to the stuffing box gets loose 

allowing the water to ooze out, and a very small leak 

soon spoils the looks of the valve itself and that of 

the floor around it. These leaks are apt to be 

neglected as it is usually necessary to draw down the 

water in the apparatus in order that the valve may 

be repacked. 

On radiators in halls, dining, living and bath rooms 

heat is needed whenever there is a fire in the heater, 

and consequently valves on radiators in these rooms 

are unnecessary, and both flow and return connections 

should be made with union elbows. In chambers and 

other rooms where valves are needed, the use of what 

are called "packless" valves, is recommended. Drawoff 

cocks should never be connected to the sewer, or 

any hidden drain. The best type of a draw off cock 

is an ordinary hose bibb. Plug cocks of all kinds 

should be avoided as it is difficult to keep them tight. 

TEMPERATURE REGULATION 

To keep a fairly even temperature in a house heated 

by hot water without the aid of any automatic appliances, 

is usually a simple operation. In the morning 

the fire should be shaken down to clear the fire from 

_shes, the draughts opened and fresh coal put on. 

When the fire has burned up so that the radiators are 

as hot as they need to be to properly warm the house 

in the prevailing weather, enough more coal to fill the 

fire pot should be put on, and the draught shut off to 

such an extent that the water in the radiators will 

remain at practically the same temperature for some 

hours. Late in the day the operation should be repeated. 

If the heater is big enough for the job, attention 

twice a day, except in extraordinary weather, will 

be sufficient. 

Just how hot the water must be to meet the demands 

of various kinds of weather, or how to arrange the 

dampers so that when the water has attained the proper 

temperature, that temperature may be nractically main- 


488 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTE November 5. 1920 

Information Exchange for Readers' Problem* 




From W. T. _.., Montana—Replying to the inquiry 

of "G. T.," Pennsylvania, I think I can help him out. 

There is a stoppage somewhere in the sink waste from 

the house line to the cesspool, that is, in the 4-in. tile. 

Either that or the cesspool is so tight that the air cannot 

get out. But I think he vvill find that there is a 

stoppage in the tile pipe. What happens when he removes 

the trap from the point which he has marked A 

and placed it up under the sink is just this: When the 

water is poured into the upper sink it flows down the 

n 

SINK 

t M 

=7 i" 

^W-Trap A 

Taken from Mere 

-f'Tjfe t*> Cos*j»>or 

SINK WASTE TROUBLES 

SINK 

li* 

J 

J Trap A 

tyt-Put-Here 

7 

pipe and creates a back pressure in the tile drain, 

which forces the water seal of the lower trap up the 

pipe towards the lower sink, but the back pressure is 

not great enough to force the water all the way up 

to the sink. Therefore this water simply backs up and 

holds the back pressure. That causes the bubbles in 

the upper sink when the water from that sink flows 

down into the tile pipe. When water is poured in 

lower sink it runs out into the tile and creates a back 

pressure which backs up through waste pipe to the 

upper sink and as nothing is there except the length 

of the top leg of trap to hold this back pressure, the 

bubbles are heard coming through the water seal of 

that trap. This did not occur before he moved the 

trap for the simple reason that then both traps were 

down on the level and the back pressure from either 

one immediately caused the water to back up against 

the vertical leg which was sufficiently high to withstand 

this pressure. 

It seems to me that the proper thing to do would 

be to open up the cesspool and see if the water is 

flowing freely there. If it is, all that will be necessary 

is to put a vent in the cesspool. If it does not flow 

freely there it would indicate a stoppage which will 

have to be found by running a wire in to determine 

the point at which the stoppage is located. I think if 

he does this he will soon get out of his trouble. 

j Renewing a Deep Well Pump Pipe 

From D. J. M., New Jersey—The following data on 

the repiping of a driven well, in consequence of the 

numerous extraordinary conditions, should be beneficial 

to those who may be called upon to render a similar 

service. 

The well is 800 ft. deep and was piped 400 ft. deep. 

It was in use 2 years when the brass cylinder dropped 

off of the coupling with which it was attached to the 

4-in. galvanized standard pipe. The pump is arranged 

to deliver water into a 50,000-gal. reservoir, the top of 

which is level with the pump house floor. The discharge 

pipe from the pump was carried down to within 

1 ft. of the bottom of reservoir with a check valve between 

the pump and the reservoir. At times it appeared 

as though the reservoir leaked and considerable 

effort was made to find the leak. Upon the withdrawal 

of the 4-in. pump pipe from the well, it was 

found that a %-in. hole had been drilled into this pump 

pipe just above the cylinder, which accounted for the 

leak in the reservoir, as the water siphoned back into 

the well through a leaky check valve. 

The well was repiped with 4-in. extra heavy galvanized 

wrought pipe using a wrought cylinder, brass 

lined. The new pipe was given a coat of paraffine inside 

and out to prevent rust. The paraffining of the 

pipe was accomplished by the use of a galvanized eaves 

trough the length of a 4 in. pipe into which was placed 

a %-in. pipe connected with a portable steam boiler. 

The paraffine was then placed in the gutter and the 

steam turned on. The 4-in. pipe was rolled in the melted 

paraffine until it got the temperature of paraffine 

The result was a nice even coat. 

To make the reservoir secure from siphonaee no 

hole was drilled in pump pipe below the surface b t 

one was put in the pipe in the pit with the valve t 

be opened in cold weather. When the discharge n 

turned down into the reservoir which was abovl wlrt

November 5, 1920 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 489 

line a hole was drilled to prevent siphonage in case 

the foot valve should leak. 

The taking out of the original well pipe and the 

replacing of the new pipe was done with block and 

fall by hand. The pump house had a large skylight 

directly over the well which enabled a tripod to be 

used. It was made of 2y2 in. extra heavy pipe. A 

length and a half of pipe was used for each upright. 

The ends of the one-half length were flattened and 

iy-'m. holes punched through them for the bolt to 

which was attached a device made of ^j-in. steel. In 

the lowering of the pipe ordinary pipe clamps made 

of % in. flat iron were used. 

After half the piping had been lowered in the well. 

the clamps would not hold except under couplings on 

account of the paraffine on the pipe. This difficulty 

was overcome by tapping jHj-in. set screws into each 

side of the clamp. 

Information on a Special Boiler Covering 

From R. R., New York. The following suggestions 

are made for the benefit of "A. R.," whose inquiry 

about boiler covering appeared in the issue of Metal 

Worker, Plumber and Steam Fitter, August 27. To 

avoid the possibility of mice eating through the 

covering to the insulation on a boiler or piping to get 

at the paste, mix with the paste red or cayenne pepper. 

To protect the asbestos boiler covering from being 

eaten away by dampness try scraping off the covering 

which is now in bad condition and replace it with a 

mixture of asbestos and a small quantity of Portland 

cement and plaster of Paris. Then apply all over one 

or two coats of good quality of white lead and oil. 


To what information is the banker entitled before 

extending credit to the tradesman? 451 

What benefits, besides credit, will the tradesman 

derive from close association with his banker? 452 

Why is mechanical equipment useless in removing 

the accumulation of grease in inaccessible parts of the 

sink and waste pipe and what should be used for this 

purpose? 453 

Who is the logical person to handle chemical solvent 

and to explain and urge its use to the housewife? 453 

How is the hot water for supplying the various fixtures 

in the skyscraper produced and how is the circulation 

maintained? 454 

What is the typical arrangement of the toilet rooms 

and fixtures on one floor of the modern skyscraper 

building? 455 

What valuable information is given in the two charts 

which is of vital interest to the business man? 456 

From a careful study of the charts, what is found 

to be the item from which the heating contractor 

makes his profit? 457 

Of what value to the heating and plumbing contractor 

is the explanation of the compilation of the 

manufacturer's catalogue? 458 

What is Duriron and to meet what requirements was 

this metal developed? 459 

How were the tests to determine the crushing and 

the transverse strength of Duriron applied and what 

were the results attained? 460 

The Perfect Shop Barrel 

' The ordinary type of barrel when used in plumbing 

and fitting shops is tbe source of much delay and loss 

of time. When heavily loaded the barrels are cumbersome 

to move and soon become wracked to pieces. 

The Perfect shop barrel illustrated, manufactured by 

the Detroit Range, Boiler & Steel Barrel Co., Detroit, 

Mich., has so many admirable features as to make it 

extremely interesting to the plumbing and heating industry 

for shop use. It is of rigid construction being 

made of 14-gauge steel reinforced by the expanded ring 

at the center plus a pronounced bilge, which also makes 

for easier handling. 

For handling and shipping fittings, cuttings from pipe 

machines, rubbish, scrap, and in fact, anything that has 

to be placed in a container temporarily, these barrels 

will give satisfactory and efficient service, making a 

positive saving each time they are moved. They also 

have the added factor of safety in that the ring at center 

THE "PERFECT" SHOP BARREL 

plus the curve of bilge keep the top of barrel a safe 

distance from the wall or any object against which it 

is placed, thereby preventing injury to the users. 

Further information relative to these barrels can be 

had by addressing the manufacturer. 

Installation of Large Heating Plant—New 


F. C. Heiles is making a short visit at the home offic 

of the National Biscuit Co., having completed the installation 

of the new plant with heating system, electrical 

outfit and elevators, refrigerating outfit and power plant. 

He soon goes to Marseilles, 111., for the same company 

to superintend the installation of steam and hydroelectric 

plant for the same company. 

. Death of Frederick Erb 

Frederick Erb, a master plumber of Chicago, died 

of apoplexy at the age of 50 years on October 20. He 

had conducted a shop at 1389 North Wells street for 

many years, and was an active member in the Chicago 

Master Plumbers Association, many of whose members 

attended his funeral on October 22. He is survived by 

his widow, a daughter and two sons. Interment was 

at Waldheim Cemetery.


Front Door Policy 

The attention given to small details in business are 

the thing which in a large measure determine the 

reputation of a business among its customers. This 

is aptly illustrated by the statement of a very prominent 

and successful business man that the chief factor 

in making his establishment outstrip his competitor's 

was the policy established by him of having his 

clerks promptly step out to the edge of the sidewalk 

to receive orders from customers arriving in carriages 

ur automobiles, rather than forcing the customers to 

enter the store. The result of that attention to a 

simple detail indicates the appreciation the public has 

for courteous service. It costs little and pays a handsome 

profit. 

Two Dollars Versus One 

( 

Many men, employers as well as employes, demonstrate 

by their daily activities that they do not realize 

there is a difference between two dollars and one. At 

least, they do not appreciate the difference in value to 

the extent that they do their work in a way that will 

earn them two dollars in place of one. It is true that 

these same men if offered their choice of a two dollar 

bill or a one, they would select the two. Yet in 

their daily activities they go on selecting singles where 

they might be making doubles. The average employer 

gives a service that is in many instances not up to 

the average or the half way mark. Similarly this is 

true as one encounters many employes. The employe, 

and the employer too, easily fall into a rut. They go 

through the day, realizing to be sure, that they are 

doing something, but in the final analysis they never 

give the reason why a single thought. They simply 

work; they do not think. The employe, as he is often 

found, comes to his daily work, knowing he has a 

day's work to do. He does it, but too often in the most 

routine manner. He does the work but he fails to 

think deeply as to why he is doing it either from his 

own standpoint or from the standpoint of his employer. 

If he were asked, the chances are he would 

answer to the effect that he must work for a living. 

He works because he needs the money. He doesn't 

work, in many cases, to make progress. He does his 

work in a manner, but that manner is often nearer 

the difference in value between two dollars and one 

the fifty per cent mark of perfection that the one 

hundred point. And it is because there are so many 

STEAM FITTER November 5. 1920 

who do their work in this fashion, who conduct their 

business on this same plan, that many people do not 

seem to appreciate the difference between two dollars 

and one. The employer, like the employe, has his own 

progress in his own hands. If he will do what he does 

do well, he must succeed. If he will only half do it 

for the sake of getting it done, then he is fortunate if 

he n -.es a mere existence. He must not bemoan his 

fate u he is not making as much as he should. He 

and he alone is to blame. Let him demonstrate by the 

manner in which he does his work that he appreciates 

and his progress will be accordingly. 

Sanitary Engineering Society Meeting Place 

With no intention of any discourtesy to the city of 

Dallas. Texas, which was selected by the members of the 

American Society of Sanitary Engineering at meeting 

in St. Louis last September, there is an objection to 

going to that city. It is out of the line of travel which 

the majority of those interested would naturally take, 

the rlistance being a barrier to many. It is of vital importance 

that every opportunity be afforded the members 

to attend the Society's meeting and therefore they 

should not be handicapped by the selection of a city too 

far removed from the center of population. This has 

induced the board of directors to authorize a referendum 

vote of the entire membership to decide where the next 

meeting of the society shall be held. Those who have 

views on the matter can well address Secretary Aden E. 

Smith, 304 Clinton Building, Columbus, Ohio. What 

the society most needs at the present time is an active, 

interested membership. If there is any hesitation on 

the part of a goodly number to make the trip into the 

southwest, even though much benefit would be contributed 

to that section by a discussion of sanitary matters 

in its center, it is best that the meeting be held 

where the larger number can congregate. The society 

officers will endeavor to interest those who should participate 

in its work to take active membership and this 

can best be done by holding the next meeting and 

arranging its program so that men of this class will 

naturally gravitate to it. This society, with as yet a 

comparatively small membership, has done good work 

in the sanitary field for the improvement of practice 

and is entitled to the best possible consideration. Under 

the circumstances, if the trip to Dallas is going to entail 

hardship and inconvenience to members of the society, a 

change of meeting place can well be adopted.

Noveroit_4c i • m m DUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 491 

Death of John B. Allen 

A shock came to the heating and ventilating industry 

in the announcement of the death of John R. Allen at 

his home in Pittsburgh, Pa., on Tuesday evening, October 

26, at 10 o'clock p. m. Few men had acquired a 

higher esteem and a more thoroughly recognized position 

in their chosen field than had this genial, wholesouled 

man, who was born in Milwaukee, Wis., July 22, 

1869. 

He entered the University of Michigan and secured 

his B. S. degree in 1892 and the M. E. degree in 1896. 

He had practical and business experience as the secretary 

of the Comstock Construction Co. and later in the 

DEAN JOHN R. ALLEN 

firm of Ball & Allen. He later served as instructor, 

assistant professor and professor in the University of 

Michigan, and while with that institution was selected 

by the United States Government to establish a course 

in mechanical engineering at Roberts College in Constantinople, 

Turkey. He was frequently retained as a 

consulting engineer in mining, manufacturing and power 

plant work. A few years ago he was elected dean of 

engineering at the University of Minnesota. 

He joined the American Society of Heating and Ventilating 

Engineers in 1906 and served as president in 

1912. When the society's committee on research made 

arrangements with the United States Government in 

connection with the Bureau of Mines to maintain research 

work in connection with the laboratory of the 

Bureau of Mines in Pittsburgh, Professor Allen was 

made the Director of the Bureau and moved to Pittsburgh 

about 2 years ago. His work has already been 

so systematized that fine results have been attained and 

a course of procedure has been formulated for further 

work that can be followed readily in the continuation 

of work that had been projected. 

Professor Allen was held in high esteem in engineering 

circles. He had visited the various chapters of the 

American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers 

and attended the meeting of the Eastern Pennsylvania 

Chapter in Philadelphia on October 14. He was President, 

Minnesota Chapter, The American Society of 

Heating and Ventilating Engineers ; Honorary Member, 

National District Heating Association; Member, British 

Institute of Heating and Ventilating Engineers; 

Member, American Society of Mechanical Engineers; 

Member, Society for the Promotion of Engineering 

Education; Member of the Honorary Societies, Tau 

Beta Pi and Sigma Psi; also a member of the Council 

of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 

He had attended a meeting of the latter society on 

October 15 and he spent the night the guest of Secretary 

C. W. Obert, of the American Society of Heating 

and Ventilating Engineers. On Saturday he met with 

the Tunnel Commission in consultation in reference to 

its ventilation. He took a sleeper for Pittsburgh on 

October 16 with a slight cold, which developed into 

tonsilitis, later into pneumonia. Information of his 

condition was brought to the attention of the members 

of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating 

Engineers who were intimately acquainted with a pneumonia 

specialist, who was immediately emploved to give 

his attention to Dean Allen's condition. But unfortunately 

his efforts for relief were without success. 

Dean Allen's work secured for him a high position 

and a profound regard for its basic correctness. It 

leaves an impression on the field in which he worked 

that is indelible. He was popular in many engineering 

societies and with the student body of the universities of 

the two states where he labored and has a wide acquaintance 

in the allied engineering fields—a genial 

whole-souled gentleman, student, teacher and friend 

who will be missed by many and mourned by the industry 

at large. 

His funeral was attended by many friends. He is 

survived by Mrs. Allen and one daughter. 

Annual Meeting and Progress of [Cleveland 

y Engineering Institute 

Some marked progress in the affairs of the Cleveland 

Engineering Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, has recently 

been reported by H. C. Hewitt of the executive 

department. 

He states that about 75 students are now enrolled 

in its heating and ventilating course, with inquiries 

coming in daily to the extent that they indicate a big 

enrollment for the winter season. 

The annual meeting of stockholders was held recently 

and a board of real live, progressive directors 

elected. 

As is generally known, the Cleveland Engineering 

Institute was established several years ago with the 

idea of giving a course of instruction on heating and 

ventilating by correspondence. It has a prospectus of 

its courses which it vvill gladly send to anyone interested 

taking up this work. 

Sanitary Potters' Wages Advance 5 Per Cent 

The Sanitary Pottery Manufacturers met with tbe 

representatives of the National Brotherhood of Operative 

Potters in Atlantic City during the week of October 

11. It i.s reported we have just signed an agreement 

for 2 years with the reservation that after January 1, 

1921, either side has the right to open an agreement 

by giving 30 days notice, provided conditions would 

warrant such action. 

The manufacturers agreed to a horizontal advance 

of 5 per cent and in some departments, and on some 

particular items the advance amounted to a little more 

than 5 per cent. While there was some difficulty in 

finally agreeing to sign up a contract on this basis on

492 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITT «fl 

account of the men asking for an advance of 35 per 

cent, after the matter had been thoroughly discussed 

and the manufacturers had shown that the cost of living 

had taken a turn and that it was not advisable for 

them to advance the selling prices, it was finally accepted. 

For 20 years the manufacturers and the workmen 

have been meeting in conferences every 2 years and 

during that time there has been no strikes or lock-outs 

and, while the workmen have been well paid, it seems 

fair to assume the manufacturers have been fully repaid 

for allowing a liberal wage scale from the mere 

fact that they have not found it necessary to stop 

operations through labor troubles. 

Future Looks Good to Central Supply Men 

Record Number Come to Chicago for Twenty-sixth 

Meeting of Association, October 20 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE—W. E. Clow, Jr., J. B. 

Clow & Sons, Chicago; M. M. Cochran, Cochran- 

Sargent Co., St. Paul, Minn.; J. D. Tschopic, Standard 

Sanitary Manufacturing Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; C. V. 

Kellogg, Keilogg-Mackay Co., Chicago; J. R. Steneck, 

Ex-Offieio, Illinois Malleable Iron Co., Chicago. 

NATIONAL COMMITTEE — John Walker, Walker 

Manufacturing & Supply Co., Detroit, Mich.; Murray 

W. Sales, Murray W. Sales & Co., Detroit. C. V. 

Kellogg, Keilogg-Mackay Co., Chicago; George H. 

Gorton; W. B. Young Supply Co., Kansas City, Mo.; 

A. A. Merkel, Merkel Brothers Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 

DELEGATES TO CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE 

U. S.—George H. Bailey, Bailey-Farrell Manufacturing 

Co., Pittsburgh, Pa., and Isidore Weil, Weil 

Brothers, Chicago. 

American Society of Heating and Ventilating 

Engineers Meet 

That the jobbers of plumbing and heating goods 

are keenly interested in conditions in other parts of The opening meeting of the winter season of the N 

the country, was evident by the large attendance at York Chapter was made the occasion for a special 

the Fall meeting of the Central Supply Association, meeting of the American Society of Heating and Venti 

held in the Sherman Hotel, Chicago, October 20. The lating Engineers. President Walter L. Fleisher im 

meeting drew men from the Pacific Coast and the mediately on opening the meeting turned it over to 

South and a fair representation of Eastern men. Champlain L. Riley, vice-president of the Society, who 

The hotel lobby was a bee hive of discussion, and stated that it has been necessary to curtail scheduled 

the universal question of "How is business" was gen expenditures for the year. At present there is a shorterally 

answered "No demand now but there is a good age of funds which indicated the need for an increased 

one in prospect." Stocks of goods are far from revenue. To accomplish this, the members have been 

complete, and manufacturers still have unfilled orders notified of a proposed increase in dues of members and 

in many lines. They are gradually catching up, and associates to $15.00 and juniors to $12.00 per year. 

it is believed that when buyers enter the market again, John F. Hale of the Eastern Pennsylvania Chapter 

both manufacturers and jobbers will be in much better reported favorable action taken by that chapter. 

shape to fill the demand satisfactorily. Opinions Secretary Obert reported contributions of $2.00 to 

agree that any radical cut in prices is not feasible in $5.00 each from 261 members. E. A. Scott offered his 

these lines, as present quotations are based on present services and advice on printing arrangements. The 

production costs, and advances have been conserva general discussion developed the per capita cost of memtive. 

Standards of wages cannot be quickly changed, bers of the society to be $13.50 to $14.00 per member. 

and all products requiring iron and steel must remain A motion to support the council prevailed unanimously. 

until there is a revision in their prices. 

President Fleisher, resuming charge of the meeting, 

President Alex Pierce opened the meeting and outlined the needs of the society and his ambition that 

spoke of the death of Past-President John F. Wolff it show more advancement and that an effort be made 

on October 18. He paid tribute to his work for the by all to have meetings of such broad interest as to be 

progress of the industry and then the assembly stood of practical value and in closer touch with the public. 

for 30 seconds in respect to his memory. 

A. H. Cubberly of the Du Pont Co., addressed the 

Five new members were elected as follows: R. T. meeting on transforming of war plants to a peace basis. 

Clarkson Co., Memphis, Tenn.; Nailson Bros. Co., He said that this change to a peace basis was purely an 

Peoria, 111.; Swank Hardware Co., Johnstown, Pa.; engineering problem. During the war quality and quan 

Waterloo Manufacturing Co., Waterloo, la.; Mill & tity were imperative, regardless of cost. In the change 

Mine Supply Co., Akron, Ohio. 

to peace basis, cost again assumed the dominant place. 

At noon a buffet luncheon was served and the This required planning and co-operation between indus 

afternoon session followed directly. 

trial engineers and sales managers. Many products 

The advantages of a yearly joint meeting with the are now being produced commercially in many plants. 

Eastern Supply Association were discussed and the A rising vote of thanks was extended to Mr. Cubberly. 

matter was referred to the Executive Committee for President Fleisher announced four applications for 

action. The stereopticon lecture by William J. membership in the chapter and one for membership in 

Woolley, manager of the Trade Extension Bureau, the society, also outlined the program promulgated by 

had to be abandoned because of an accident to his the chapter officers for the winter season. 

slides due to rough treatment by the express company. The next meeting of the chapter, on November 15, 

ELECTION OF OFFICERS 

will be devoted to the vehicular tunnel between New 

York and New Jersey. This should prove very inter 

The officers and directors for the coming year are: esting, as Dean John R. Allen of society's research bu 

President—Alex B, Pierce, N. O. Nelson Mfg. Co., reau, was one of the consulting engineers on ventilation. 

St. Louis, Mo.; First vice-president, E. C. Garrity, James A. Donnelly stated that Professors Bliss and 

National Plumbing & Heating Supply Co., Chicago; Cuyler of the New York University were ready to co 

second vice-president, E. I. Leighton, Leighton Supoperate with the chapter in research work. A comply 

Co., Fort Dodge, Iowa; treasurer, E. F. Neimittee was appointed to expedite such co-operation. 

decken, Hoffman & Billings Manufacturing Co., Mil Walter S. Timmis spoke on making war materials availwaukee, 

Wis. 

able for home construction.

Novembei _. ,. tu . _. ^ ... „ Z R A N D T E A M F I T T E R 493 

George Mehring who with George M. Getschow of 

the Illinois chapter was present, congratulated President 

Fleisher on the fine start made and said that he would 

carry back to Illinois a sound reason for supporting the 

council. 

John F. Hale expressed his appreciation of the fine 

support accorded by Frank K. Chew, particularly while 

he, with others, was working to establish the Illinois 

Chapter. He also said that the Eastern Pennsylvania 

Chapter had 20 applications for membership and urged 

all to attend the annual meeting of the society in Philadelphia. 

A. C. Edgar of the council was also a guest. 

Biser Cups 

The cast iron riser cup, manufactured by the Grabler 

Manufacturing Co., Cleveland, Ohio, is made to 

CAST IRON RISER CUP 

fit iron pipes. It is J

494 PLUMBER AND STEAM FI r 5. 1920 

may be accomplished in a restricted space. Then follows 

illustrations of the single fixture and suggestions 

for the complete equipment of any hotel with the 

same line. 

"Homes of Comfort" is a beautiful booklet prepared 

with special reference to the needs of those 

about to build or remodel a home. It shows a series 

of model bathrooms in the latest design, illustrates 

the fixtures separately and gives ample choice for 

homes of comfort from the palatial residence to the 

modest bungalow. The single fixture or the 

complete sanitary equipment for any home may 

be examined in the New York Exhibition rooms 

of Crane Co., 23 West Forty-fourth street, and 

22 West Forty-fifth street, New York City, or in the 

many showrooms of the company in the principal 

cities. Either of these booklets may be had upon application 

to anv of the Crane branch houses or the 

New York exhibit rooms. 

Calumet Entertains Western Golfers at Final 

Meet of Season 

Thirty-six members and guests of the Western 

Trade Golf Association braved sullen skies to attend 

the final meet of 1920 at the Calumet Country 

Club, Homewood, 111., on October 26, and enjoyed 18 

holes of golf, sprinkled occasionally by contributions 

of old Jupiter Pluvius. The morning round was 

abandoned after a few holes had been played, so 

uo scores were recorded. After 18 holes in the afternoon 

J. E. Sharp and T. P. Wade shot a few more to 

show how well they liked the going. 

After a fried chicken dinner, E. W. Sanborn 

acted as chairman in the absence of President 

Little and Vice-president Wickersham. The flight 

prizes were awarded, and the Guest's prize was won 

by W. R. Batcheler. 

The association cup went to J. P. Dugger for the 

meet, giving him one leg on the trophy. The members 

wl have had their names inscribed on the cup during 

the year are Messrs. Barnes, Ewing, Byrd, O'Callighan, 

Carroll, Whitney and Mason. 

The Duffer's cup is retained by Harry E. Harper, 

who has been a faithful attendant of every meet, and 

has at last realized his ambition of getting a suitable 

paper weight for his desk. 

R. C. Flinder the lucky man last year now wears 

the president's trophy, a neat scarf pin in the form of 

a golf club. The runner up, F. S. Crumley, has the 

vice-president's trophy, a nice silver cup. 

M. J. Czarniecki made the lowest average qualifying 

round score, which brought him the nice silver 

tray given by Domestic Engineering. 

Peter M. Munn won a silver pitcher given by the 

Handicapper for the lowest average net score of men 

with 30 handicap. The runner up was A. S. Lindeblad, 

who received the Captain's trophy. 

E. W. Sanborn had an average score of 80 which 

gave him the PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER trophy, a 

fine silver pitcher. 

The most surprised man in the assembly was Harry 

E. Harper, who will step out next year in a new golf 

suit presented by Bill Byrd as the Commissary prize. 

Harold Cross was the winner of the silver pitcher 

given by the Plumbers' Trade Journal. 

A Trap Without A Diaphragm 

The chief feature of the Trane Thermetal radiator 

trap manufactured by the Trane Co., La Crosse, Wis., 

is that it has no diaphragm. In other respects there 

is no radical departure in this entire construction from 

the best accepted principles of radiator trap construction. 

The thermostatic member of the Trane trap is made 

entirely of metal. Its force is self-contained. This 

member consists of two perfect cycles of thermostatic 

metal joined together to form a figure 8, laid on its 

TRANE THERME-AI, RADIATOR TRAP 

side with the plunger attached to one cycle below. The 

stem which screws into the trap bonnet is attached to 

the other cycle at the top. The thermostatic metal in 

these two cycles bends or expands outwardly with the 

heat, the pressure varying directly with the degrees of 

temperature change while the force exerted varies with 

the square of the degree of temperature changes. When 

steam reaches the trap, therefore, the metal is expanded 

to form two perfect circles of larger diameter and in 

this construction the action of this expansion in each 

cycle is so balanced by the other cycle that both the 

force and the motion are not on the bottom part but 

are communicated to the plunger in one direction only 

and that is straight down onto the seat of trap. Should 

air or water of condensation collect in the trap, slight 

temperature difference instantly reacts to contract the 

cycles and to exert this same force to lift the plunger 

off the seat and permit the escape of air or water from 

the trap until steam again reaches it. 

Complete information relative to these traps can be 

bad by addressing the Trane Co. at the La Crosse 

address. 

Interesting Items from Tennessee 

Memphis plumbers report business good but delays 

in getting material still apparent. Cast iron pipe and 

wrought pipe in certain sizes is scarce at all the supply 

houses. The railroad situation is improved and labor 

conditions are easier. There is much autumn building 

and prospects are good for winter. 

James Lowe, well known plumber with office until 

recently on North Third street, has discontinued that 

office as in the wake of progress the building was torn

November 5. 1920 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 495 

away for a new structure. It belonged to historic 

Memphis. In that block several handsome structures 

are to go up soon, nearby the Catholic Club, Third and 

Adams, designed by Architects Regan and Weller. 

Lew Tisdale, Madison Ave. Memphis has returned 

from a trip to Nashville where he attended the annual 

meeting of the State Electrical Association. 

Mee & Heisler, 260 Vance avenue, Memphis are 

among the actives here, conducting their present firm 

as contractors for eight years. Both are practical 

plumbers and Mr. Heisler is president of the Memphis 

Master Plumbers' Association. In their display rooms 

they carry a complete stock at all times. 

N. W. Lunda, head of the Southern Heating Co., 

South Second street, Memphis, returned recently from 

an extensive trip to the Pacific Coast, stoping in the 

mountain of Colorado and Denver, he then went on to 

Los Angeles, Cal., Portland, points in Washington and 

made good notes on the progress of the Golden West. 

This was his first vacation trip in years. During his 

absence his father was in charge and the Memphis 

firm is loaded down with contracts in and out of the 

Jty and looks to see a very active autumn. 

The Tri-State Fair at Memphis from September 

25 to October 2 was largely attended and a number 

of sewerage and sanitary devices were among tbe exhibits 

in the Fine Arts Building. 

ther contact before entering the overflow pipe for conduction 

to irrigation tile for final purification or nitrification. 

_ Further information relative to these tanks as to sizes, 

pipes, capacities, etc., can be had by addressing the 

manufacturers at the above address. 

Plant Extensions and Changes 

The Hoppes Mfg. Co., Belmont avenue, Springfield, 

Ohio, manufacturer of water purification equipment, 

has completed plans for the erection of a twostory 

addition, 45.x 78 ft. 

The Illinois Malleable Iron Co., 1801 Diversey 

Boulevard, Chicago, has let a contract for a onestory 

plant, 40 x 75 ft., 2926 North Paulina street, to 

cost $7000. 

The Blackmer Rotary Pump Co., Petoskey, Mich., 

has increased 

$280,000. 

its capitalization from $180,000 to 

The Perfection Septic Tank 

William F. Kahler, Los Angeles, manufacturer of 

centrifugal sprinkling equipment, has acquired property 

on Columbia Street, South Pasadena, Cal., for a 

new plant estimated to cost about $40,000. 

The Michigan Lubricator Co., Detroit, manufacturer 

of lubricating devices, has increased its capital 

from $200,000 to $1,000,000. 

The Roto Pump Manufacturing Co., Detroit, has 

been organized by William L. Ruttledge, 1600 McLel- 

The Perfection septic tank, manufactured by the lan Avenue, and others with a capital stock of $50,000, 

United Cement Products Co., 316 Board of Trade for the manufacture of pumps and accessories. 

building. Indianapolis, Ind., is constructed of reinforced The National Pipe & Foundry Co., Atlanta, Ala., has 

concrete, as shown in the cut, and has three chambers increased its capital from $100,000 to $525,000. 

and contact bed for the reduction of the sewage. It The Crane Co., Ltd., 88 Terauley street, Toronto, 

will also be seen that both inlet and outlet are sealed. has had plans prepared by William Steele & Son, 

Pasteur discovered that some bacteria which he called architects, Ryrie Building, Toronto, for a pipe shop. 

an aerobic could live and work only where air was Bids are being received by the architects. 

present and other bacteria which he called an anaerobic The Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co., Louisville, Ky., 

will build a one-story brick factory at Sixth and A 

streets, 42 x 150 ft. 'it vvill cost about $40,000. 

The Rensselaer Valve Co., Van Schaick Island, 

§K^|__W| 

Troy, N. Y., has increased its capital from $500,000 

to $1,200,000. 

Warren Webster & Co., Camden, N. J., feed water 

heaters, has established a branch office at 15 East 

Fayette street, Baltimore, Md., and has appointed 

Louis G. Vance as Baltimore district manager. 

/>___>_&__ 

The St. Louis Pump & Equipment Co., International 

Life Building, St. Louis, recently organized to manu 

With side cut away to expose interior 

facture rotary and other pumping machinery, vvill 

operate a temporary plant, pending the establishment 

of a permanent works. John C. Roberts, Jr., president. 

Through bankers the Greenfield Tap & Die Corporation 

Greenfield, Mass., is offering for public subscription' 

$2 255 000 8 per cent cumulative preferred stock, 

par $100, a part of a $5,000,000 issue. Tlie concern 

PERFECTION SEPTIC TANK 

has an authorized capitalization of $11,500,000, ot 

which $6,755,000 is outstanding. There never has 

could live and work only where oxygen was absent. existed a bonded debt on the property. 

He also discovered a third class of bacteria which he 

called facultative which could live under either aerobic 

or anaerobic conditions, however, not always acting 

with equal strength. 

The Perfection tank is designed to utilize the action 

of the anaerobic bacteria in that both inlet and outlet 

Barrett Co. Baseball Team 

Championship 

Wins Zone 

are sealed to prevent air entering the chamber, thus insuring 

a free action of the anaerobic bacteria. The 

effluent passing through the contact bed at the point 

where it leaves the septic tank is thus subjected to fur- 

The baseball team of the Barrett Co.'s Chicago 

branch is the champion of the Southwest Zone of the 

Chicago Industrial Athletic League vvhile the West-


ern Electric Co.'s team holds the league championship. 

The league is sponsored by the Chicago Association of 

Commerce and is composed of 52 teams in six zones. 

Handsome trophies were awarded the winning teams 

of each zone as well as to the champions of the league 

and are now making an imposing display in the showwindows 

of Thomas E. Wilson & Co. athletic out 

McAlear Heavy Duty Begulating Valve 

The McAlear Heavy Duty regulating valve, manufactured 

by the McAlear manufacturing Co., 

1901-7 South Western avenue, Chicago, 111., is 

designed for use in connection with heavy duty 

MCALEAR HEAVY DUTY REGULATING VALVE 

service requiring positive control, regardless of variations 

in the initial pressure up to full capacity of the 

valve. 

High pressure steam is connected to the opening indicated 

by the arrow. When the reduced pressure 

reaches the point desired it acts underneath a small 

metal diaphragm No. 13 pressing the spring No. 15 

and allowing spring No. 11 to close the valve No. 10, 

cutting off the high pressure steam communication 

with the piston chamber. When this is done spring 

No. 4 together with the high pressure forces the disc 

No. 3 to its seat. When reduced pressure drops below 

the point required and it is desired to open the 

valve spring No. 15 forces the metal diaphragm downward 

and opens valve No. 10, admitting the high pressure 

steam to piston chamber through dotted line No. 

4 thereby forcing valve No. 3 from its seat and admitting 

high pressure steam to the reduced pressure 

side of valve. Information relative to prices, weights 

and dimensions of these valves can be had by addressing 

the company. 

Necessity for Saving Coal Offers Chance to 

Sell Insulating Materials 

The necessity of saving coal this winter provide 

furnace man with a good opportunity to call attention 

to insulating materials to accomplish this. The Richards 

Manufacturing Co., Grand Rapids, Mich., is prefitters, 

Monroe street & Wabash avenue, Chicago, 111. 

A ROLL OF INSULATING MATERIAL 

pared to furnish asbestos paper and roll board in various 

weights, also air cell asbestos covering for wrapping 

warm-air pipes and lining furnaces. The company 

carries a full line of asbestos products, hair felt 

and mineral wood for any insulating service. 

|Betail Trade Extension Work Bulletin 

Activities of commercial organizations in retail 

extension work are set forth in a comprehensive and 

instructive bulletin just issued by the Organization 

Service Bureau of the Chamber of Commerce of the 

United States, Washington, D. C. The material contained 

in the bulletin was gathered from all parts of 

the country where different methods of trade extension 

work have been carried on. 

In enumerating the many factors in retail trade extension 

the bulletin says: "Every activity of a chamber 

of commerce which increases the purchasing power 

of its community and the surrounding territory has its 

effect upon retail business. Civic improvements, industrial 

development, good roads activities, improvement 

of transportation facilities, cooperation with 

county farm bureaus and improvement of marketing 

facilities of farmers fall within this category and are 

very important from the larger viewpoint of retail 

trade extension. Just what "it means to the retail 

business of a town to have clean and well lighted 

streets, good schools, good water, attractive parks and 

playgrounds, ample facilities, busy factories, a prosperous 

farming country, etc., requires no argument as 

they bear effectively upon successful merchandising 

in any community. 

"Tbe essential object of commercial organization 

retail trade promotion is, of course, the development 

of business through cooperative effort. The elements 

which influence its success are cooperation of merchants, 

quality, suitability, and price of their stocks, 

service, advertising campaigns which vvill reach the 

buyers in retail trade areas, displays which attract 

attention and stimulate buying." 

Some of the special methods of promoting retail 

trade discussed in the Bulletin are: Acquaintance 

Trips and Community Houses, Special Retail Sales 

Days, Dollar Day Sales. Other Special Day Sales, 

Spring and Fall Openings, Salesmanship Clubs and 

Retail Selling Classes, Compilation of Mailing Lists. 

In regard to the financing of retail trade extension 

activities, in many cases it is provided for by a 

budget set aside by the local chamber of commerce.

November 5, 1920 


The bulletin specifies that the retail trade work of 

the chamber of commerce includes a number of activities 

which are not directly related to the trade promotion 

or extension such as: 

Obtaining speakers to address merchants on retail 

trade problems. 

"Prosecution of transient merchants who have not 

complied with local regulations. 

"Warning the public against sales of goods by peddlers 

who misrepresent their wares. 

"Championing cause of retail in all legislation affecting 

his interest, local, state or national. 

"Protecting members against advertising mediums 

which have no advertising value. 

"Promotion of cooperative delivery, uniform closing 

hours and holiday agreements. 

"Obtaining the adoption of uniform rules concerning 

the return of merchandise granting of discounts, 

etc. 

"Conducting of pay-up campaigns. 

"Obtaining from organizations in other towns and 

the issuance to its members of confidential information 

on check forgers, shoplifters, fake solicitors and all 

kinds of frauds. 

"Exchanging of credit information among its members." 

The Swartwout Water Heater and Beceiver 

The Swartwout heater and receiver type feed water 

heater, No. 2 unit heater is shown in the accompanying 

illustration. In operation the steam enters the ex- 

SWARTOUT WATER HEATER AND RECEIVER 

haust inlet and comes in contact with deflectors and 

the amount of steam required in heating water is 

controlled by the cut-out valve control with the wheel 

handle at the front of the heater. The feed water 

entering through the water inlet valve at top of the 

heater passes over the plates, indicated in the center 

of illustration, which act as heating and lime deposit 

trays, the heated water dropping- down to the lower 

level where the proper amount of water is maintained 

by the float valve direct connected with the water inlet 

valve. 

The heater is equipped with a coke filter as shown 

497 

in the lower section of illustration which is immediately 

above the pump suction. Provision is also made 

as shown at the left, for the overflow cut-out valve 

wa Jfr gage, trap and blow-off valve. 

The Swartwout is a complete heating unit and designed 

to be adaptable to all kinds of service to which 

an open or direct type of heater may be subjected 

Information relative to sizes and prices can be had bv 

addressing The Ohio Body & Blower Co., Cleveland, 

Ohio. 

New Manager of Boiler Department 

The Utica Heater Co.. Utica, New York and Chicago, 

J11, manufacturers of the Super-Smokeless Boiler, announces 

to the trade that it has secured the services of 

P. M. Beecher as manager of the Boiler Department. 

Mr. Beecher ha_ already entered upon his duties and 

vvill be located at the company's main office in Uti tica. 

New York. 

Death of M. J. Duffy 

Michael J. Duffy, died at his home, 2133 West Chestnut 

street, Louisville, Ky. Mr. Duffy was 67 years of 

age and his activity in the plumbing field had made him 

the head of the successful business and had led to his 

selection at one time to form one of the executive committee 

of the National Association of Master Plumbers. 

Mr. Duffy was president of the firm of M. J. Duffy 

& Sons, plumbers, 521 West Market street. Born in 

Louisville, he spent part of his boyhood in Ireland, returning 

here to engage in'the plumbing business when a 

young man. 

He is survived by Mrs. Marie Corbet Duffy and three 

sons, John and Martin J. will continue the plumbing 

business at 521 West Market street established by their 

father, and William, who attained some fame as an 

athlete, is now a member of the Louisville Bar Association. 

Addition to Thomas Maddock's Sons Co. Staff 

Garland Mitchell is a new member of the staff of 

Thomas Maddock's Sons Co., Trenton, N. J., and has 

just started calling on the trade in Michigan, Indiana, 

Kentucky and Illinois south of Chicago. 

Where Nature Does the Pumping 

The sectional view of a ram, manufactured by the 

Goulds Manufacturing Co., Seneca Falls, N. Y., shows 

that the water flows down through the supply pipe G 

passing into B and on through the outlet in the impetus 

valve F until the constantly increasing pressure 

lifts this valve and closes it. This stops the flow of 

water in this direction and the shock due to its sudden 

stoppage causes it to force open the check valve 

Iv which is the only other outlet. When sufficient 

water passes through E into the chamber A to relieve 

the pressure due to the sudden stoppage of B, the 

check valve E closes, the impetus valve F opens again 

and the same operations are repeated. The air in the

498 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER November 5. 1920 

chamber A acts as a cushion absorbing the shock and 

maintaining a steady even flow of water through the 

delivery pipe A. 

This description of the ram's action indicates that 

a portion of the water is wasted to operate the ram 

but the power which operates it is obtained at no cost 

and no attention is required. 

Rams are of special interest to plumbers as there are 

SECTIONAL VIEW OF GOULD RAM 

thousands of places throughout the country where 

they could be installed and would furnish a satisfactory 

and constant source of running water. Rams 

can be had in sizes to give satisfactory service on a 

flow from 2 to 4 gal. per minute, delivering from 10 

to 20 gal. per hour up to sizes using 20 gal. per minute 

and delivering 100 gal. per hour. Information can be 

had relative to prices, sizes, proportionate head of fall 

giving highest efficiency, etc., by addressing the manufacturers 

at the above address. 

One Screw Does the Work of Two 

In the illustration of the concealed screw hanger, 

manufactured by the Grabler Manufacturing Co, Cleveland, 

Ohio, it will be seen that one long screw placed 

through center of hanger holds this securely in place. 

This has an advantage in that, if the one screw is placed 

on center line where pipe is to go, it positively maintains 

the line of chase for pipe and eliminates the neces- 

CONCEALED SCREW HANGER 

sity of lining up the base of hanger, which is necessary 

to make a neat looking job when using the oblong base 

hangers. This hanger allows of a very neat finish and 

is strong and durable. Complete information can be 

had relative to sizes, prices, etc., by addressing the company. 

Increase in Capitalization 

The Universal Products Co., Sandusky, Ohio, and 

Oshkosh, Wis., has completed plans for an increase in 

capitalization to $500,000. The plans include the purchase 

of the H. C. Doman Co., Oshkosh, Wis., and 

the removal of the main offices from Sandusky, Ohio, 

to Oshkosh, Wis. The new company will continue to 

manufacture the Universal Products electric lighting 

and power plants and the Doman marine engines. 

The officers of the new company will be: President, 

L. E. Wilson; vice-president, R. K. Schriber; secretary, 

Charles H. Eichinger; treasurer, Louis Schriber. 

Death of Thomas E. Manney 

Thomas E. Manney, a prominent master plumber of 

Providence, R. I., died recently in Wolfboro, N. H. 

He was a native of Lawrence, Mass., was born in 

1864 and learned his trade as an apprentice. He 

served in the Rhode Island General Assembly as a 

Representative and was a member of many fraternal 

and social organizations. He first served as a journeyman 

with the Thomas Phillips Co. and in 1894 entered 

into business for himself. 


(Continued from Page 48"]) 

tained, are things which cannot be explained but must 

be learned by experience on each individual plant. 

Numerous attachments for the automatic regulation 

of hot-water heaters are on the market which will shut 

off the draught when a certain condition exists. Someof 

these are operated by electricity, some by the expansion 

of a volatile fluid and some by the temperature 

of the water itself. With the exception of the 

last class, which is used mostly for regulating the 

temperature of tanks, an ornamental fixture on the 

wall of one of the principal rooms contains a thermometer 

and an attachment which starts a motor and 

shuts the dampers when the room reaches the desired 

temperature, and opens them again when the thermometer 

falls below the point desired. Most of these 

work with great accuracy if the heater is powerful 

enough to maintain the necessary heat in the house for 

the length of time which usually elapses between firing. 


Pertinent Facts on Power Pipe Machines 


such information you are in a position to accurately 

determine the merits of power machinery for your 

requirements. 

It is so easy to acquire this information that all progressive 

shops should avail themselves of the opportunity 

so that they can, at the earliest opportunity, 

have the advantage of power threading and cutting 

equipment and thus reduce unnecessary losses in this 

branch of their operation. 

^mimmiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiimiiiiiiMiiniiNiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiitiiiiifiiitiiiniiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniinnmnmiiinnni^ 

| No GREATER Loss Is ENDURED BY THE HEAT- 1 

jj ING AND PLUMBING TRADE THAN LIMITED 1 

1 PRODUCTION DUE TO POOR EQUIPMENT 1 

c___nmiwmnfiuuiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiHiiHiuiiiui_^___!!!""::::~" : m l

No __„./! BER AND STEAM FITTER 499 

aniuiiiiiiii 1 

llllllll!llllllllllllllll!llll!!III!llllll!l!IIIIIIIII!ll!llllllllllllllllllllll!I!lllllllllllll 

THE MABKET 


STEAM GOODS 

Improvement in the delivery of boilers and radiators 

by the railroad has materially assisted in clearing up of 

hack orders, while the demand has held under normal. 

Manufacturers have thereby been enabled to work their 

forces against shorts and are, in most cases, in a more 

favorable condition to make shipments promptly. The 

season's demand for repair and alteration parts continues 

strong, holding somewhat above normal. Indications 

are that peak prices have been reached; however, 

the scarcity and high price of coal will allow of 

but very little recession of prices, if any, for the immediate 

future. Heating brass goods continue improvement 

in shipments and deliveries with prices holding firm with 

moderate demand. 

PLUMBING 

Black and galvanized steel pipe continues to show 

improvement. The supply of smaller sizes of black and 

galvanized wrought iron pipe are completely exhausted 

among local jobbers, with very little promise of immediate 

relief. There is still an insistent demand for 

both wrought iron and steel pipe, black and galvanized, 

for domestic, as well as a heavy demand for export, 

particularly in the larger sizes for line pipes. Smaller 

sizes for domestic use are being consumed as quickly 

as shipments arrive. 

In enamel ware prices hold firm, delivery and shipments 

are better, still many sizes are difficult to get 

and can only be had for delivery in three to six weeks. 

No stocks are accumulating in jobbing houses, although 

buying continues to cover urgent needs only. 

Back orders of vitreous ware are being rapidly cleared 

up, with prices holding firm. Buying is hesitant, although 

with the increase granted to the potters the indications 

point to no great recession from the present 

level of prices in the immediate future. 

Standard weight soil pipe and fittings are still scarce, 

shipments being assimilated bv the trade, on back orders 

and necessary buying, as they arrive. Extra heavy soil 

and fittings while more plentiful are moving out ot 

jobbers stocks and about balancing shipments. Prices 

are at peak, in a hesitant market. 

Plumbers brass goods show improvement in delivery 

of standard parts. Specials are still difficult to obtain, 

with no appreciable change in prices. 


Buyers are keenly interested in material prices, but 

refrain from buying except for work m hand. Prices 

according to manufacturers and jobbers are on a lirm 

basis, with plants continuing on old orders, and materials 

easier as regards delivery. Pipe has been 

particularly scarce in tbe Chicago district for some 

time and the arrival during October of nearly 6,000 

tons bv boat has tended to relieve the situation. 

Arrivals of fittings are slow, but bath tub deliveries 

are better. The recent advance of 5 per cent granted 

pottery workers, it is stated, will be absorbed by makers. 

The only items which have recently showed a slight 

reduction are plumbers' lead goods. As the large 

proportion of the cost of making plumbing and heating 

goods is for labor and with only a conservative 

margin between costs and selling prices, manufacturers 

are not in position to make radical reductions. 

Pig Iron and Steel— So little business in pig 

iron is being done that the real market price is 

difficult to judge, while No. 2 foundry is nominally 

$46 to $47, $43 to $45 has been done. Necessity is 

the only reason for buying, and with buyers and 

sellers deadlocked production is being curtailed in 

some places in Western Pennsylvania and the Mahoning 

Valley, where furnaces have been banked 

or blown out. From various points reports have come 

that efforts to meet purchasers views by granting lovyer 

prices is considered fruitless. The steel situation 

shows up the brightest, though it is more prospective 

than actual. Operations average about 75 per cent 

capacity. Greater activity is expected because of the 

long delayed equipment needs of railroads and 

structural buyers. 

Copper—Consumers have bought only for immediate 

needs believing that the continued softening 

tendency indicates that the bottom had not been 

reached. A large surplus remains, and producers hold 

their price firmly at 16 cents, while small sellers have 

done some business at a J_ cent lower. Buyers are 

looking for a 15 cent level, though producers cannot 

see this concession in view of a price of 15 1 . cents 

obtained for metal at auction on the New York Exchange. 

. . , 

Tin—The market is showing more strength and 

prices are quotably higher. Bar tin in Chicago being 

45>. to 47y cents. . 

Lead—Th\s metal is lower, with reduced prices for 

ores noted. In Chicago pig lead is now 7.45 cents 

and bar lead 8.20 cents. 

Zinc—Production of both ores and smelted metal 

continues to decline, with a total lack of interest by 

buyers. Further concessions were made in Chicago 

prices, slabs now bringing 7y cents. 

c0/dt,r_Chicago prices for warranted halt and 

half, 29y4 commercial 45-55, 27y cents and plumbers 

25X cents. 

Pig Iron 

A $4 00 per ton drop in coke prices has softened the 

oig iron market about $2.00 to $3.00 per ton. In 

some markets resale iron sellers are competing and 

sales are made below furnace prices. 

NEW YORK 

East Pa No. 1 fdy Sil 275 to 3.25 $52.52 to $55.52 

£S Pa No. 2X fdy Sil 2.2 to . — JgS |._ 

East Pa No. 2 fdy S 175 to «S- 47 46 to 4946 

Buffalo S Y\ £fg" 51.16to 54.16 

Virginia No. 2 Sil l./S to _._:)


CHICAGO 

Old Rubber—Scant business has affected the market 

adversely. 

Northern Coke No. 1 Sil $2.25 to $2.75. .$45.25 to $48.25 

Northern Coke fdy No. 2 Sil 1.75 to 2.25.. 43.00 to 46.00 are: 

Wholesale dealers buying quotations 

Southern Coke fdy No. 1 Sil Soft 2.75 to 3.25.. 49.67 to 51.67 

Southern Coke fdy No. 2 

Southern foundry Sil 

PHILADELPHIA 

2.25 to 2.75.. 47.92 to 49.92 

1.75 to 2.25.. 46.87 to 49.92 

Boots and shoes 5 to ly2 

Trimmed Arties 

Auto tires 

Bicycle tires 

4 to 4J_ 

1J_ to lj-i 

1 to 1% 

Eastern Pa No. 2 Plain Sil $1.75 to $2.25. .$50.54 to $52.54 Solid tires 154 to 2 

Eastern Pa No. 2X Sil 2.25 to 2.75.. 51.54 to 53.79 No. 1 inner tubes 8 to 9 

Virginia No. 2 Plain Sil 1.75 to 2.25.. 52.75 to 53.74 Mixed white scrap 4 to 4% 

Virginia No. 2X Sil 2.2S to 275.. 53.99 to 54.99 Mixed red scrap 3^_ to 4 

CLEVELAND 

Mixed black scrap l._ to 2 

Cotton fire hose 54 to 1% 

Northern No. 2 fdy Sil $1.75 to $2.25.. $46.96 to $48.96 Garden hose ..to 1 

Southern fdy Sil 2.25 to 2.75.. 49.92 Old Rags.—Irregularity is the characteristic of the 

CINCINNATI 

market with buyers more exacting and the trend 

downward. Wholesale dealers prices are: 

Southern Coke Sil $1.75 to $2.25 (base price) $46.50 

Southern Coke Sil 2.25 to 2.75 (No. 2 Soft) 47.75 

Southern Ohio No. 2 Sil 1.75 to 2.25 (No. 2) 47.52 

Old Materials 

Scrap. Iron, Nezv York.—So little doing that price 

trend is not clear. Dealers inclined to hold to present 

prices. Prices which dealers in New York and Brooklyn 

are quoting to local foundries, per gross ton: 


No. 1 heavy cast columns, building materials, 

etc., cupola size 37.50 to 38.50 

No. 1 heavy cast not cupola size 27.00 to 28.00 


Iron and steel pipe (1 in diam., not under 

2 ft. long) 16.00 to 17.00 


Scrap Iron, Chicago.—Further declines in prices are 

noted with little buying. Dealers quote: 

No 1 Cast $26.00 to $27.00 

Machine Shop Turnings 8.00 to 8.50 

Cast Borings 11.00 to 11.50 

Stove Plate 24.00 to 25.00 

Grate Bars 23.00 to 23.50 

Railroad Malleable 22.00 to 22.50 

Agricultural Malleable 25.00 

Country Mixed 13.00 to 14.00 

Old Metals, Nezv York.—The market is suddenly 

declining and practically no business is being transacted. 

Quotations are entirely nominal. Dealers' buying 


Cents 

per lb. 




Brass, heavy 8 00 




No. 1 red brass or compositon turnings 10.50 



Zinc 4.25 

Old Metals, Chicago—The prices for which dealers 

vvill buy old metals are as follows: 

Red Brass 11 


Yellow Brass, light • 5 

Copper, heavy and clips 11 

Copper, light and bottoms 9 

Lead Pipe 4?4 

Tin Foil 28 

Block Tin Pipe • • 33 

Pewter No. 1 22 1 /. 

Zinc • 4 

Soldered Toints 7y2 

No. 1 whites $8.00 to $8.50 

No. 2 whites 475 to 5.00 


Straight garments L50 to 1.60 



_^ 

Paper Stock—An absolutely dull market gives opportunity 

for raids on prices that make any quotation 

nominal. Wholesale dealers' buying qualities for New 

York are: 


Crumpled news 1.30 to 1.4* 

Notes on Prices New York 

Linseed Oil.—The market has been tumbling and in 

large lots some buyers expect 90c oil as sales at 98c 

to $1.00 have been reported in one carload sale and one 

small lot at $1.01. The market continues weak and 

carloads are nominally carloads $1.01 to $1.04 per gallon 

and less than 5 bbl. lots at $1.07 to $1.10. In 

lots of 5 bbls. and over city raw American seed is 

quoted at $1.04 to $1.07 and out of town raw American 

seed is quoted at $1.04 to $1.07 . In less than 5 

bbl. lots 3c more per gallon is asked. Boiled oil brings 

2c more than raw. 

Spirits of Turpentine.—The price has tumbled 

steadily and now lacking in demand to protect it from 

further decline. The whole sale price in machine 

barrels in yards is $1.10 per gallon. 

Rosins.—After quite a drop rosin has a new firmness 

at slight advance over the low point of $12.75 

but without activity. On the basis of 280 lbs. to the 

barrel the wholesale price of common-to-good strained 

is $13.00. Grade D is $12.85. 

Heating Engineers Officers Meet in Pittsburgh 

The Research Committee of the American Society of 

Heating and Ventilating Engineers has arranged with 

the officers and Council to meet in Pittsburgh next week 

as a result of the death of Dean John R. Allen, director 

of Research work. 

The committee is impressed with the amount and value 

of the work that Dean Allen had accomplished and 

what he had outlined and under way, not only in the 

Bureau of Mines Laboratory, but also in various institutions 

where research work was being conducted as the 

result of his activities. 

The work for the present is being taken care of by 

Professor S. E. Dibble of tbe Carnegie Institute.

November 5, 1920 P L UMBER AND STEAM FITTER 501 

Market Resume 1914 to 1920 

A resume of the quotations on copper, iron and 

pig lead for the past 6 years is of more than passing 

interest. It shows that quotations on copper for 

the past 7 months have held around the level of 

October, 1915, while quotations on basic pig iron, 

Valley furnace, have steadily followed an upward 

trend since October, 1917, with the exception of the 

depression from April to October, 1919 the quotations 

during the past 3 months rapidly advancing 

toward the peak reached in July, 1917. 

Quotations on steel billets, open hearth Valley 

forge, have followed a more rugged path and after 

rapidly rising to the peak in July, 1917, they violently 

broke to $47.50 and held stubbornly to that 

figure until October, 1919, gradually declining to 

$38.50 in October, 1919, and again rapidly climbing 

back the level of January, 1917, and holding 

firm. 

The quotations on pig lead reached the peak in 

July, 1917, then broke sharply, and, after alternately 

advancing and declining to April, 1919, rapidly 

again gained strength, at present showing a very 

firm tone. The wholesale price of these commodities 

for the year 1914 and 1920 as listed below are 

taken from the Commerce Monthly September issue 

published by the National Bank of Commerce, 

New York City, and are available for date nearest 

the fifteenth of each month. These quotations are 

believed to be correct as of the dates designated 

but their accuracy is not guaranteed : 

Commodity Unit Jan. Apr. July Oct. Jan. Apr, July Oct. 

Copper 

Electrolytic, 

early delivery, 

New 

York 

Iron & Steel 

Gents per 

Ib. 14.12,17 14371; 13 50 

11.37-H 13.75 J 16.62M 19.25 1S.00 

Pig iron, basic, 

Valley furnace. 

Steel billets 

open hearth. Hols, per 

Pittsburgh gross ton 20.00 

Lead—Pie, 

early deliv 

21.00 19.00 

20.00 19.001. 20.00 ] 22.00 25.00 

ery, New 

York 

Cents per 

Ib. 4.10 3.80 3.90 3.50 3.70 4.20 5.62! i 4.50 

Commodity Unit Jan. 

1916 

Copper Cents per 

etc. lb. 23.62H 28.25 25.25 

Iron & Steel 

etc. Dols. etc. 3 ..00 45.00 42.00 

Apr. July Oct. Jan. 

1917 

Apr. July Oct. 

28.50 28.75 32.00 28.50 23.50 

45.00 65.00 75.00 100.00 47.50 

Lead—otc. Cents per 

lb. 5.90 7.75 6.35 7.00 7.50 9.35 10.75 * 7.00 

Commodity Unit Jan. 

1918 


etc. lb. 23.50 23.50 26.00 

Iron & Steel 

etc. Dols. ele. 47.50 47.50 47.50 

Apr. July Oct. Jan. 

1919 

Apr. July Oct. 

26.00 20.00 15.25 21.75 22.25 

47.50 43.50 38.50 38.50 38.50 

Lead—etc. Cents per 

lb. 7.00 6.95 8.05 8.05 5.62'_ 4.95 5.60 6.35 

Commodity Unit Jan. Feb. Mar. 


et«. lb. 19.25 18.50 18.00 

Iron c_ Steel 

etc. Dols. etc. 45.00 58.00 60.00 

1920 

Apr. May June July An? 

18.75 1S.37H 17.87 18.75 . 18.62J_ 

65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 60.00 

Lead—etc. Cents per 

lb. 8.75 9.00 9.37', 9.00 8.50 8.65 8.60 9.25 

Copyrighted by Bank of Commerce 


SATISFACTION 

300,000 




unlimited field for Vogel F ost-Proof 

Closets. 

Get VOGEIiS from 



in the garages, shops, Isolated and 





Please mention PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER zvlien you write 







operation. 

your jobber 


Uses Less Soap 

Needs Less Attentio 

The time employes waste in caring for individ 

ual soap fixtures is saved under this system, and 

liquid soap is more economical than having bar 

soap for every basin. 

Watrous Liquid 

(Gravity) 

Soap System 

One central, easy-to-fill container serves any 

number of wash stands. A simple valve delivers 

the soap without waste or drip. 

As you can install a Watrous System without 

disturbing the existing plumbing, old buildings 

as well as new ones are customers for you. 

Every sale brings a contract for installation. 

Write for our free illustrated catalog and 

information. 


1223 W. Harrison St., Chicago, 111. 

Watrous sanitary plumbing equipment includes Watrous 

Duojet Closets, Urinals, Self-closing Cocks, Drinking 

Fountains and Up-to-date Specialties.

502 PLUMBER AND STEAM FI .-5.1920 





PW 

't'f 

LY 

~PW 

LV 

Vt PW. 

Ill 

BUSINESS BUILDING 

FAILURES 

(Dun's) 

(Number) 

LW 236 

PW 212 

LY 109 

1919 124 

t Week er 

PW. 

LY 

LY- 

PW- 

FOOD TIM' 

CONTRACTS PRICKS 

Co.) 

(F. W. Dodge (Annalist) 

(In Millions) 

$42* 

(Index No. 

241* 

28* 

73* 

49 

247* 

279* 

296 

ded Friday. One week ear] 

7 P « N K ' . DEMAND 

MONEY LOANS DEPOSITS 

(90 days (N. Y. Clearing (N. Y. Clearing 

XMixed) 

8% 

House) 

(In Millions) 

$5,446* 

House) 

(In Millions) 

$4,187* 

8% 

654% 

5.486* 

5 355* 

5,012 

4,202* 

4,222* 

4,051 

ter than c ther barometers. 

Vf 

PW. UL. LY 

BANK 

CLEARINGS 


House) 

(In Millions) 

$4,853* 

4,506* 

5,415* 

4,506 

m • 

STOCK SALES 

(N. Y. Stock 

'•"xchange) 

(Thousands of 

Shares) 

2,882t 

2.669t 

S.027t 

6,017 

BOND 

SALES 

(N. Y. Stock 

Exchange) 

(In Thoustands) 

$68,462t 

80,490t 

76.046t 

72,523 

Summary of the Week's Development The cotton market experienced a sharp jump in prices, 

as a result of reports of a sharp frost in three of the 

Southern States. Cables from Liverpool were of a 

Business narrowed down considerably during the past 

more cheerful nature, showing a good spot demand at 

week, says The Street. The election, while attracting 

Liverpool and Manchester. Weather conditions in 

less interest than previously, was a contributing factor 

Texas and Oklahoma are expected to lower the grades. 

as well as the tightening of the credit situation. Boston 

The wheat market was feeble. Cables reported that the 

reports that trading throughout the New England dis 

French wheat supply is ample and France will not purtrict 

is slow. Buyers appear to be interested in watchchase 

much more in this market. There was modering 

developments, but are indifferent when called upon 

ate activity in corn, but selling pressure developed on all 

to place orders. Western sentiment is conservative, 

bulges. Refiners continue to show little interest in 

although market conditions are somewhat diverse. 

sugar. Refined sugar prices were unchanged, and de 

The money market throughout the week was under mands for all kinds were less urgent. 

a heavy strain. The numerous successful bond issues There were no important developments in the foreign 

the past few weeks absorbed considerable sums, and exchange market. Sterling fell off a little in the early 

country bankers called on the Eastern cities for addi part of the week but regained strength later, bringing 

tional crop-moving sums. The result was reflected in other European rates up with it. 

money rates. Call money on the New York Stock Exchange 

ranged between 8 and 10 per cent. 

Many influences co-operated in weakening prices on 

the Stock Exchange throughout the week. Sentiment New Jarvis Thermoflasb on Exhibit 

was bearish at the opening, and both industrials and 

rails were under pressure. 

At the coming American Gas Association Convention 

There was continued dullness in the iron and steel at the Pennsylvania Hotel, B. Ryan Co., of New York, 

market. Buyers appear to be quite indifferent, not will have the new Jarvis Thermoflash on exhibit at 

withstanding the recent price concessions made by booth No. 2. This thermoflash is the last word in 

producers. The fuel markets were more active and thermostatic controls for any make of small gas water 

sales of anthracite were on a greater scale. The copper heater and any size boiler already in the home. 

market was depressed. Zinc and lead markets were Bernard Ryan and Emanuel M. Youngman will be at 

dull. The only market which showed signs of activity the booth where you are cordially invited to meet them' 

was the tin market. This market witnessed a good deal and where they will be pleased to give all possible in 

of trading, which was to a large extent the result of an formation and demonstrate the desirabilities of the 

improved position in the London market. 

thermoflash.

FLUMBER and 

STEAM FITTER 

Vol. XCIV, No. 17 NOVEMBER 19, 1920 $2.00 a Year 

Help the Housewife Solve Wash Day Problem 

When It Comes to Wash Day Let Your Efforts Be Largely Responsible 

for the Elimination of Its Drudgery—You Want Your Customers to Be Loyal 

in Their Patronage of You—Return Them an Equal Amount of Courtesy 

by Affording Them the Benelit of Your Trained Mechanical Judgment 

Washing has resulted in more pains and aches to of getting work for the shop in placing suitable water 

the housewife than a man can inflict upon himself by and waste connections. 

reading twelve patent medicine books, and that is going Service is the watchword of every live business. 

some. There is no uncertainty about that statement. Service to _ customer or prospective customer ui- 

A man's day at home on wash day is about the same eludes just as surely protecting- that customer against 

as a week at home during spring house cleaning. his ignorance by forseeing and directing his purchases 

In each case the principal fellow to blame is man. to suitable articles as it does doing his work promptly 

There is some excuse for the housewife's husband; and well. 

he may be ignorant of the modern machines or not BE ALERT TQ NffljDg 0F CUST0MERS

504 P L U M B E R AND 

out notice, slovenly work, builds up a loyalty of the 

housewife that cannot but result in future praise of 

your thoughtful effort and advice and become an 

asset constantly contributing to your success. This 

sales prestige backed bv satisfied customers and 

boosters means work for every line of your business 

less all competition. 

This field is one pre-eminently for plumbers. They 

know what homes need washers, what connections are 

necessary and from day to day meet the people and 

through doing their work are under an obligation to 

explain to them such devices as are calculated to make 

their homes more comfortable and convenient. Furnishing 

tliis information to the customer is doing him 

a real kindness as it affords him the opportunity oi 

providing his family with the proper equipment or 

devices to lessen the menial drudgery of home work 

and much of the ill temper and ill health directly 

caused by it. 

WATCHWORD SHOULD BE REAL SERVICE 

Make real service the watchword of your business 

,-ind enjoy the profits and prestige accumulated by 

reason of vour thought fulness. It is easv and pleasant 

and tends to increase the happinness of those on 

whom vou depend for business and who rely on your 

honesty, judgment and knowledge to bring to their 

attention those things which will contribute to their 

comfort. 

Manufacturers have gone deeply into the subject of 

proper ways to present their products to prospects with 

the greatest degree of success in making sales. Their 

investigations have resulted in the formation of selling 

campaigns, methods of financing sales, advertising, 

collecting and maintaining products. This information 

is so complete that it would take any one man 

years to acquire. It is yours for the asking. It gives 

you the opportunity of starting on the level with other 

distributors. An even break is all that you need. 

With this information and an even break plus 

WATER UNDER PRESSURE CAN BE USED FOR POWER— 

WHATEVER THE POWER THE ILLS AND FATIGUE OF WASH 

DAY DISAPPEAR 

vour personal knowledge of vour field and people, vou 

are equipped to meet any competition, whether it be a 

hardware, department store or electrical contractor. 

You can enter the field with confidence eif success. 

STEAM FITTER November 19, 1920 

Push and pep are all that are necessary after you 

have mastered the information compiled on sales 

methods by the manufacturers. They are all anxious 

lc. tie up to live wires in every community. Get in 

EVERY MAN WHO CAN WILL GLADLY FREE HIS WIFE OF 

L NNECESSARY WORK—YOU CAN GET WELE PAID FOR 

TELLING HIM HOW 

touch with one or more of them and then carefully 

look into the profits which can be had. It offers a 

real opportunity to plumbers in nearly every community. 

Brockton Plumbers' Association Protest to 

Health Board 

The Brockton, Alass., Master Plumbers' Association 

has sent a protest to the health board of that citv 

against the rule requiring the placing of a safety valve 

in the cold water supply pipe to hot water boilers, 

declaring such work unnecessary and that Brockton is 

the only city in the state to require it. 

The ordinance also requires a vacuum valve connected 

with the hot water pipe over the sink or at some 

other convenient point; both relief and vacuum 

valves are subject to approval of the plumbing inspector. 

The health board has taken the matter under 

advisement. 

Tbe Richmond Manual 

The Richmond Manual is a catalogue of Richmond 

boilers, Richmond radiators and heating specialties, 

Richmond vacuum cleaners, Richmond enamel ware 

and more Richmond service. It is a worthwhile book 

that every plumber and steam fitter should have. It 

gives the American Society of Mechanical Engineers 

boiler code, useful information on practical boiler arrangement, 

coal, chimneys, piping svstems, and various 

useful tables. 

'1 he book is of pocket size making for convenience 

of users and is well illustrated. The Richmond Raditator 

Co., manufacturer, will gladly furnish legitimate 

dealers with a copy on request "to its New York 

office at 1480 Broadway.

November 19, 1920 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

A DELIGHTFUL MEANS TO A SATISFACTORY END PARTIAL VIEW OF TIIE CENTRAL SUPPLY CO. SHOWROOM, AT 

M 1 N NEAPOLIS, M I N N. 

The Big Show Free Tickets 

You Can Furnish All the People in Your Community with Free 

Tickets and Have the Service of an Expert Guide to Explain tbe 

Exhibit— Incidentally the Work on Prospects Will Be Timely 

The big plumbing show! What is it? Fifty thousand 

plumbing fixtures displayed in the manufacturers' 

and jobbers' showrooms throughout the United States. 

Guides. Yes, three thousand expert salesmen employed 

in those showrooms. • Free tickets ? Easy. 

Mail your prospects cards of introduction to your 

manufacturers' or jobbers' salesroom, but first arrangeto 

have their salesmen show and explain the goods displayed. 

WHAT ARE THEY FOR? 

That may be intensive use of the manufacturers' 

and jobbers' showrooms. (What are they for? 

book at the two illustrations showing partial views of 

the showrooms maintained by the Central Supply Co., 

-Minneapolis, Minn., and shown in the new Catalogue 

E just being distributed by that company. No vivid 

imagination is necessary to determine that prospects 

spending an hour in this or similar showrooms will 

leave it with an increased desire to have their homes 

equipped with modern plumbing fixtures. 

The prospect list for free tickets to this show is big. 

It should include everyone in a communitv who may 

buy a plumbing fixture in the next 10 vears. It will 

need revision from time to time to keep it up to date, 

because, the proper time to help a prospect make up 

liis mind is before he forms any opinion of bis own. 

The information that counts is the information that 

gets in on the ground floor. 

WILE FREE TICKETS BE USED? 

Men and women of every walk in life sooner or 

later find themselves in large communities with a few 

minutes to spare. Those minutes can be profitably 

spent in learning what the modern plumber can sell 

them. If given a verv simple lead or suggestion, 

manv of those people will be glad to spend the time 

in tliat manner. A short letter telling them of the 

place and giving the name of a salesman will, in most 

cases, provide the necessary suggestion. 

Again there are the prospects who are formulating

506 P L U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER November 19, 1920 

ideas or plans to install new fixtures or complete new 

installations. True, advertisements, pictures and descriptions 

are available for their information. They 

are valuable aids, but to see the various types of fixtures 

displayed in a neat showroom, with a wide 

variety for selection, creates a much stronger urge on 

the part of the prospect to own high class fixtures 

and have them set in a sanitary manner. 

PUTTING SAND IN THE GEAR BOX OF THE MAIL ORDER 

HOUSE 

No one will dispute the statement that the mail 

order house sells through advertising. How does it 

advertise? The principal way is by keeping its catalogue 

in the home of every prospective home buyer. 

The thing about that catalogue is that it contains not 

only what a prospect is immediately interested in, but 

also contains those things which make life more 

pleasant for him. In fact it contains everything he 

needs or is going to need. 

That catalogue gets on the job early. It shows the 

prospects what they need. It tells them what "they 

can get and whom they can get it from. It gets that 

information home, in many instances, while the 

plumber sits idly by wondering why the orders did 

not come his way. 

But the plumber who gets his possible prospects 

with their own fire—knowledge of the goods you can 

sell. 

DEMONSTRATE YOUR BUSINESS PEP 

Another advantage accruing to plumbers using this 

method of utilizing the manufacturers' and jobbers' 

showrooms is the prestige gained with the manufactuers 

and jobbers. They are bound to respect the 

plumber who is businessman enough to use all the 

assistance he can command in building and operating 

his business. 

The single track man in business who aimlessly 

plods the road to nowhere, is blind to such opportunities. 

His strenuous effort to build by virtue of his 

individual effort is limited in its inception. There is 

no limit to organized effort, but individual effort can 

boast of no such bounds. That is the reason that big 

business is organized. It is the further reason why 

manufacturers and jobbers know the live wires of the 

plumbing business in the territory which they serve. 

They stand out like beacon lights. They use his 

organization and facilities at every turn. » 

LIVE CONNECTIONS GAIN PREFERENCE 

No matter how small a community a business may 

serve, live wire business methods will force the favor- 

ANOTIIER VIEW OF THE SHOWROOM OE THE CENTRAL SUPPLY CO., AT MINNEAPOLIS, Mil 

visiting the manufacturers' and jobbers' showrooms 

puts a great big handful of sand in the gear box of 

the mail order house every time a prospect enters a 

showroom. No need to condemn or regret mail order 

houses. Battles are not won that way. Fight them 

able attention of manufacturers and jobbers. They 

like to have live wire customers. It pays them to have 

them. They make concessions to them. They take 

special care of their orders. Shipments are prompt. 

(Continued on Page 5G9)


What You Can Expect of Hack Saws 

More Saws Break Than Wear Out—Here Is 

Something on the Reasons Why This Is the Case 

The following extracts taken from the booklet 

entitled "Hack Saws and Their Use," issued by the 

L. S. Starrett Co., Athol, Mass., afford interesting and 

useful information as to what to expect of hack saws, 

and reliable comparative data of saws being used with 

and without lubricant. 

More saws break than wear out. As a rule this is 

not so much because the saws are not properly 

"tempered" as because they are abused or misused. 

In fact, most of the success of a hard hack saw depends 

upon whether it is used by skilled or unskilled 

labor. Through ignorance, a hard tempered saw may 

16 

IT 

t.6 

^s/ 

4 

, 

—DULL-N OTC .TTING 

RUN U/II HOU IUBRICAN r 

65 S PM 

AT 

IF 1 

1 

TE ST 5 C 

l l l l 

THP .EE] N9 250 SAW/5 

1 1 

1 

MACHIN! 

CUTTING 

IV- IV . 5 rEE 

. 

per minute, completed 50 cuts at fair average speed, 

and was cutting at its apparent maximum efficiency 

under 56 lb. of pressure, when the test was discontinued. 

The importance of lubrication, in its effect on the 

time per cut and the number of cuts per blade, is 

clearly shown here. Just to what extent the excessive 

speed employed with the blades that were run "dry" 

contributed to their early failure is a trifle uncertain, 

but its influence is none the less unmistakable. It may 

be said in this connection that, when cutting dry, an 

excess speed of as little as ten strokes per minute will 

ruin a saw by drawing the temper. 

As stated in the foregoing, this information has been 

extracted from the booklet referred to, and gives a 

fair idea of the value and interest it contains for 

those who may procure a copy for the asking. 

THIRD C "/ 

J 

A 

AJ \ 

v . 

TOPPED CU TTINC ^T HROL GH 

UT AT IOO ISP-M 

S X 

/ \ 36" / 

/ V. y 

/ 

0 

\ 

X ?6 

\ 

- 

IS 20 

30 35 

NUMBER 

CUTS 

STlll cur TINC TFtCI HTLY 

COMPOUND USE a . 

RUN AT IOO SP 

5c_ ). 

Long Active in Engineering, Richard 

D. Kimball Dies 

Richard D. Kimball, long prominent in the field 

of mechanical engineering, whose home was in 

West Medford, Mass., died on Wednesday, Novem 

EFFECT OF LUBRICANT IN TIME PER CUT AND ON THE 

LIFE OF THE SAW 

ber 10, in Alton Bay, N. H., where he had a summer 

home. 

He was born in 1846 in Dover, N. H., and received 

his education in the schools of that city. He 

be easily twisted, bent, and broken. For this reason then took up mechanical engineering, in which he 

a saw should not be too readily condemned on account achieved success. One line of work was his study 

of breakage. In other hands it might give long and of the science of heating applied to buildings, and 

satisfactory service. 

he originated several devices and systems for heat 

In the case of an unusual amount of breakage in a ing railway cars. His ideas and improvements re 

lot of saws, as compared with their previous performsulted in various inventions on Mr. Kimball's part. 

ance, there is quite as much reason to suspect a lack In 1897 Mr. Kimball founded the Richard D. 

of uniformity, or change, in the physical condition of Kimball Co., mechanical, electrical and sanitary 

the material being cut, as any deterioration in the engineering, with head offices in Boston, and with 

quality of the saw. In annealed steel it not infre connections in other large cities. In this business Mr. 

quently happens that opposite ends of the same bar Kimball had as his associates his six sons, Dwight 

will have had very different degrees of annealing and D., John V„ Charles W., Richard H., Kenneth C. 

can consequently be cut at markedly different rates. and Grenville W. Kimball. All of these sons reside 

The illustration shows vividly the comparative in West Medford, except John V. Kimball, whose 

efficiency of a blade used with compound and when home is in Maiden, of which city he is also Mayor. 

cutting dry. The blade used in each case was a Mr. Kimball is also survived by his widow. 

Starrett No. 250 and the entire series of cuts for all 

blades was made on the same bar of metal. A flexible 

hack saw was chosen because, in the test, the abuse 

of the blade was intentional in the first two instances ; 

and had an all-hard saw been selected, the probabilities Detroit Sanitary and Heating Contractors 

are that it would have failed even sooner, especially as 

the strokes per minute, when cutting dry, were excessive. 

All these blades were started under the same pressure 

of 24 lb. No. 1 saw, whose performance is 

shown by the line A B, was run without lubrication 

at 65 strokes per minute, an excess of 15 strokes over 

the recommended speed, and failed when partly 

'through the fifth cut. No. 2, curve C D, was run 

"dry" at 100 strokes per minute, or double the proper 

speed, and failed when about half way through the 

third'cut. No. 3, used with compound, at 100 Strokes 

Meet 

The Detroit Association of Sanitary and Heating 

Contractors held its regular meeting Thursday evening, 

October 28. 

A feature of the evening was an address delivered 

by J. E. Greenberg. Mr. Greenberg is a forceful, 

pleasing talker, and covered the subject of business 

psychology in relation to trade associations in a manner 

which left nothing to be desired. 

At the conclusion of his address, a rising vote of 

thanks was tendered Mr. Greenberg.


Heating and Giving Modern Factory a Climate 

It Is a Far Cry from the Old Dutch Oven and Open Fireplace to Heating 

the Modern Factory and Equipping It with a Climate Made to Order 

The latest and best device sounds paradoxical: 

Moisture is washed out of the air by sprays of 

water. The contrivance is called a dehumidifier. 

It is a big boxlike affair with whirling sprays of 

water through wdiich you blow the air that is 

the raw material of your artificial climate. 

The water sprays are made cold by refrigerating 

pipes in the dehumidifier. They cool the natural 

air to anj' temperature required, and also take out 

JTYO w/rrG WA TC/Z p/p/riG 

l-'IG 

PART II 

D/rrA>&/C/A


ing is supplied by 400 sq. ft. of Vento stacks, manufactured 

by the American Radiator Co. The air is 

distributed by means of ducts throughout the conditioned 

departments as shown on plans and elevation 

of ducts, as shown in Fig. 5 and 6, the required 

air temperatures being maintained constant by 

means of reheaters for each room. 

The dehumidifier is equipped with the Fleisher 

patent system of automatic humidity control which 

maintains constant throughout the summer time the 

required moisture contents in the air. This system 

is an air operated one and is extremely senstive but 

simple. 

The refrigeration is supplied by means of a complete 

ammonia refrigerating plant located in the 

power house, consisting of two enclosed type motor 

driven compressors and atmospheric type condensers 

located on the roof of the refrigerating machine 

O' 4' .' It' 16' 

The Big Show—Free Tickets 

(Continued from Page 5o5) 

Every courtesy and preference is extended to the 

because the manufacturer and jobber knows that 

when business is good the live wire gets his share; 

when it is slack, the live wire goes out and digs it up. 

Results, something doing all the time. Naturally the 

manufacturer and jobber refers inquiries in his "territories 

to the live wire. He knows they will get courteous 

and prompt treatment. 

Visits by prospects to showrooms bring them in 

contact with expert salesmen, equipped with evenmeans 

of displaying modern fixtures. The services of 

these salesmen can be readily co-ordinated with that 

of your own. 

Prospects will be more enthusiastic in having actually 

FIG. 6—ELEVATION OF AIR CONDITIONING DUCTS AT THE SMITH BROTHERS' FACTORY 

room. A pump drawing water from the harbor is 

installed and serves to flood the condensers with 

water. 

The equipment has been designed so that one 

man can take care of it and in fact with a similar 

system installed at Poughkeepsie, it has been found 

that even an equipment of this size requires only the 

minimum of attention. 

There is a human side to this job that is interesting. 

It developed in a conversation of the editor 

with Mr. Lissauer, vice-president of the W. L. 

Fleisher Co., 31 Union square, New York City, in 

regard to this job that the work had been turned 

over to them without competition because of the 

complete satisfaction of Smith Brothers with the 

services and similar plant installed for them by the 

Fleisher Co. some few years ago at Poughkeepsie. 

That job "was one of the first done in the air 

conditioning field by the Fleisher Co. The margin 

was close. Irregardless of cost, time after time, 

reducing that originally small margin, costs were 

subordinated to service. That was the beginning of 

Fleisher air conditioning service, founded on the 

backbone of Fleisher policy. That it pays is evidenced 

by the continued growth and good repute of 

the Fleisher Co. 

The heating industry at large can well be proud 

of such policies and reputations. They give tone 

and increase the prestige of the industry. They are 

worthy of imitation. 

selected from the fixture displays those which best suit 

them. Greater satisfaction will result. Shyster competition 

will be eliminated. 

THE LONE HAND GETS NOWHERE 

The lone hand in business entails drudgery and g 

nowhere. Co-operation is essential to business success. 

Manufacturers and jobbers are spending millions 

each year to perfect organizations, products and 

selling campaigns to get those products to the prospect 

who needs them, wants them and vvill have them as 

soon as he understands what they are. The plumber 

co-operating with the manufacturer and jobber in this 

effort is a positive force for achieving results. His 

•-.ales will be increased by the effort of the manufacturer 

and jobber. His profits and prestige will be likewise 

increased through greater sales. Personal effort 

will be less by having used the service of others. 

That service is awaiting every plumber. A letter to 

your jobbers will surprise you at their willingness and 

desire to co-operate. 

Death of Michael J. Donnelly 

Michael J. Donnelly, for a quarter of a century 

master plumber in Waterbury, Conn., died recently in 

that city. He was a native of Waterbury. He is survived 

by his widow and five children.


Respect for Trade Essential for Its Success 

Good Service Must Earn Good Will and 

Carry Confidence in Goods, Men and Methods 

Who knows better than the plumber or the heating 

contractor the splendid value he gives to customers 

for a reasonable sum. What good is it for him to 

know it if he is made the subject of jokes where 

people congregate, in the items of the funny columns 

of the newspaper, and in caricatures presented on the 

screen at the moving picture houses ? Who is to 

blame if this sort of misrepresentation continues? 

Whenever the tradesman is present where such jokes 

are perpetrated, he owes it to the industry which supports 

him to take exception to that character of 

amusement and to refute the statement in a tactful, 

DO NOT L FT MIS-REPRESENTATION DESTROY THE GOOD 

NAME WHICH IS YOURS AS THE RESULT OF CON 

SCIENTIOUS, EFFICIENT SERVICE 

dignified way. A little educational work will show the 

irresponsible, light hearted people that they are doing 

a destructive work they would not engage in if they 

thoroughly understood the situation. 

Nobody else is so well qualified to take up this correction 

work wherever the opportunity offers as the 

men engaged in the trade. If they are associated in 

an organization there is no better way of stopping the 

funny column man and the movie picture man than to 

send him a letter on the a^ ociation stationery calling 

attention to his active undermining of the interests 

and welfare of the members of the association. The 

letter might well be signed by the officers of the association 

and, if need be, by all of the members. 

Some care and tact displayed in the composition of 

such a letter would go a long way to insure that any 

film which was disparaging of any tradesman would be 

refused and that the funny column man would get 

instructions that anything vr'mical to the welfare of 

industries in his community must be eliminated. 

If the men in the trade do not have a respect for 

themselves and command a respect from the people 

in their community, the detrimental effect may be far 

reaching. It is sure to bring a feeling that the bill is 

too large and result in a delay in settlement. It will 

make a man hold off from having conveniences and 

repairs that his property needs because the foolish jokes 

have given him a wrong impression about the trade. 

To what extent such ideas are entertained by the 

public it would be difficult to discover. But it is a 

comparativley simple matter for the tradesman in any 

center to take up at once the correction of any disparaging 

statement and entertain those who have made 

it with facts about the industry which, when spread 

broadcast as a matter of gossip, cannot do other than 

benefit, not only the industry, but all who have occassion 

to secure its services. 

The tradesman must maintain a position of respect 

and esteem amongst his fellow citizens. It would be 

a simple matter to characterize one class of essential 

business men as Shylocks and perpetrate all sorts of 

jokes about the money lenders but because of their 

more dignified position and the esteem in which they 

are held through long years, such jokes would not be 

welcome to the public and would lose their point. 

If one line of commercial activities can establish 

such a standing and maintain it, there is no doubt that 

all engaged in mechanical lines around home can establish 

themselves as plumbers on high plane if they 

will only realize the necessity and engage in the necessary 

work. 

What more commendable thing can a man do than 

to give the good news that fellow tradesmen may 

profit from as the result of his doing some fine piece 

of work. Too little of that character of information 

is spread around and it should well be the thing for 

conversation when talk lags at some gathering of men. 

Oxweld Engineers Solve Interesting Problem 

An unusual contraction problem arose recently in 

connection with the pipe welding on 54 large gasoline 

condensers for the Texas Co. Each condenser consists 

of four large forge-welded drums and seventy 

lengths of extra heavy 2-in. pipe. The drums are open 

at one end and flanged so that they may be bolted 

or riveted together after the pipes are welded in. 

The pipe welding is being done by the Oxweld 

Acetylene Co. at the welding shop of that company's 

Newark plant. The original plan called for straight 

piping in line of center between each lateral pair of 

drums and bent or bowed piping to connect the sides. 

As the distance between the drums had to be exact 

to meet the foundation specifications and to insure 

coincidence of the flanges and bolt or rivet holes of 

one set of drums with the corresponding points in its 

mates, the importance of properly handling the contraction 

problem is at once apparent. 

Oxweld engineers recommended the substitution of 

bent piping for the straight piping noted. The theory 

as to contraction control was tested on both the 

straight and the bent pipe. Accordingly a heavy cast 

iron jig was made, to which the drums were made fast 

in the proper positions with heavy bolts. The contraction 

when the straight pipe was used was so powerful 

that the bolts were sheared off by the pull on the 

drum, the contractions amounting to several inches.

November 19. 1920 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

When the bent pipe was used instead of the straight 

pipe this did not occur, the bent pipe accommodating 

itself to the contraction so completely that when the 

drums were removed from jig they were found to be 

in correct position, fitting perfectly with mating pairs. 

The application of the bent piping is clearly shown 

in the accompanying photograph. After the welding 

the condensers are tested to a hydraulic pressure of 

500 lb. per square inch. In one of these tests a 3 in. 

cast iron cap bolted to one of the drums gave way, 

UNUSUAL PIP . WELDING JOB ON GASOLINE CONDENSERS 

but the pipe welds in every instance stood the test 

without a break or a leak appearing, clearly demonstrating 

the remarkable strength of the oxy-acetylene 

welds to resist unusual pressure strains. There are of 

course 35 pipe welds in each drum and 140 in each 

complete condenser, a total of 7,560 -welds in the 54 

condensers. 

When completed the 54 condensers will be shipped 

by water to Galveston, Texas, from which port they 

will be transported inland a distance of 150 miles to 

the oil fields, where they will be used in the distillation 

plant for recovering gasoline from natural gas 

and crude oil. This is probably the largest welding 

contract of similar character that has ever been placed 


Keeping Them on the Farm 

You, Mr. Plumber, are operating the business that 

is the greatest factor in your community for increasing 

the comforts of your neighbors. The things you 

install are going a long way toward keeping the boys 

on the farm. 

Within the past 4 years there have been three to 

five million young men in this country who have been 

accustomed to their shower each morning. Those were 

the men who served Uncle Sam in the World War. 

First they were compelled to take a shower. After 

a week you could not keep them from taking it. 

A large number of these men have returned to the 

farms. Others have returned to the small communities. 

No matter where they go, they want and intend 

to have running water for bathing purposes. That 

means work for plumbers throughout the country. 

The first thing that is necessary to supply the running 

water necessary for these men is to have the 

water. The next thing is to have some method of 

putting the water at the fixture where wanted. 

Illustrated is the Autowater system manufactured 

by the Goulds Manufacturing Co., Seneca Falls, N Y 

It is entirely automatic, noiseless, self-oiling selfpnming 

has high speed pump, special idler and as will 

f ii °J ^ th r e CUt ft is ver y c °mpact and easily installed, 

therefore it furnishes a very practical method 

ot supplying the water to those fixtures. 

The Autowater system furnishes you with an opportunity 

of vastly increasing your profits. It is a 

mere matter of salesmanship to do this. But you do 

not have to work at it alone. The Goulds company 

has gone to the trouble of getting up a book entitled 

'Running Water—How to Get It," which may be had 

by request from the Goulds company. 

A campaign of selling water systems to the prospects 

in your community by arming yourself with a 

quantity of these books, having your name and address 

printed on them and sending one to each prospect, 

will start a germ in the minds of the prospects. A 

little practical talk by you will enable you to sell one 

or two of the systems. The first will help sell the 

second and the second will help to sell another and it 

vvill not be long before they will practically sell themselves. 

The prospects are plentiful for you as they are for 

the piano salesman and he regards every house owner 

as a future buyer of pianos. Therefore he makes it a 

point to interview that householder and tell him of the 

product which he handles and explain its quality, how 

nice it would be to have in their home a piano and the 

comfort which they would take from the music as 

well as the practical necessity of giving their children 

the advantage of a musical education. 

When it comes to talking home comforts you can 

make that piano salesman look like a "Balky Hank" 

run amuck in quick sand. It is simple. Running 

water will bring to that family a lot more happiness 

and health than all the pianos ever manufactured. It 

will be a source of protection against fires. It will 

materially decrease the housework and pipes can be 

AUTOWATER SYSTEM OF GOULDS MANUFACTURING CO. 

extended to the barn to make easier the work necessary 

in taking care of the stock. Further when you 

sell a man water for his house you are doing him and 

his family a kindness. 

Get the manufacturer interested in helping you to 

put this thing across and it will mean larger profits 

and increase your prestige among your neighbors. It 

will build for you a patronage that will remove your 

business from the competitive class. Further information 

as to the Goulds Autowater system can be 

had by addressing the company. Mention PLUMBER 

AND STEAM FITTER, the paper with the punch.


The Auto Truck as an Investment 

Analysis of Needs Is Essential in Selecting the Rigbt Type of Machine and Correctly 

Estimating the Advantages to Be Gained—Operating Costs Indicate 

the (beat Service Wbicb Can Be Had Tlirougli Proper Use of tbe Motor Truck 

The purchase of motor trucks should be considered 

by everv one who is anxious to reduce 

hauling costs. However, it does not necessarily 

follow that every one can use a motor truck; in 

fact, one of the greatest mistakes made is simply to 

follow the general principle without analyzing tinindividual 

requirements of each prospective user. 

For that reason a series of articles on motor trucks 

for the plumbing and heating industries is being 

compiled, calculated to furnish the plumiiing and 

steam fitting contractors with salient features and 

facts, which in a measure determine decisions as to 

the advisability of using motor trucks. 

In making an analysis of motor truck possibilities, 

the facts line up under three general heads. 

I. Service Conditions: 

(a) Character of roads, 

(b) Distances to be covered, 

(c) Ratio of long and short deliveries. 

II. Type: 

(a) Character of material carried, 

(b) Load to be carried, 

(c) Ratio of heavv and light load-. 

(d) Speed. 

III. Cost of Truck: 

(a) Amount of work to be done. 

(b) Dependability, 

(c) Adaptability, 

(d) Up-keep cost of truck, 

(e) Operating costs, 

(f) Estimated increase of business, 

(g) Estimated increase of labor efficiencv, 

(h) Advertising value, 

(i) Comparative costs—present versus motorhauling. 

Bv the subdivision of service conditions it will 

In- seen that the elementary analysis of transportation 

problems must take the service conditions into 

consideration, character of roads, being in most 

cases a decisive feature of practability, in others 

largely determining the type of truck. Distances 

and ratio of long and short hauls also are decisive 

as to practicability and have first importance in 

choosing the type of truck. 

TVPE OF TRUCK 

The character of material and loads to be carried 

in a large measure will determine the size and type 

of truck necessary. This will be subject also to the 

modifying subdivisions, ratio of heavy and light 

loads, as well as speed. 

In most shops there are two kinds of transportation, 

heavy cartage and light deliveries. For the 

shops that have sufficient of each to maintain and 

operate both styles of trucks, the question solves 

itself. For shops that have no such volume of work, 

the question as to whether the truck needs to be a 

JX y, 1 or 2-ton truck presents many complications 

which require the utmost consideration and reckoning 

to correctly unravel. 

There is no hard and fast rule which decides all 

eases. Each individual shop presents entirely different 

conditions; all of which must be taken into 

consideration. For instance, even if in some cases 

the heavy loads are in the majority, local drayage 

charges mav be such as to make the light fast 

truck advisable or vice-versa. Again, it may pay 

to split loads, making double the number to have 

more speed available for lighter loads. On the 

other hand, local heavv drayage charges may be so 

high and deliveries so erratic and uncertain as to 

warrant sacrificing some speed and the greater investment 

in a larger truck. 

These are but a few of the salient points in the 

determining the type of truck needed, which decision 

is also further modified by the cost or investment 

to be made. 

A MAZE OF FACTS 

Where service conditions arc all right, whether 

or not a truck can be used is largely dependent 

upon the amount of work to be- done. However, 

where sliced is so absolutely essential to good business 

service, there are but few shops who do not 

need motor transportation of some sort. So many 

other elements enter into the final reckoning as to 

llie prolit of the investment that the amount of 

work to be done should take its proper place and 

not be allowed to assume a domineering value, 

which is not justified. 

When the cost of truck is considered, there are 

apparently facts without end that are all so closely 

interwoven as to require due consideration in 

arriving at a rational decision. Motor trucks are 

like the man in the story attributed to the Irishman, 

who said, 'One man is as good as another, 

only a little better." Every one will agree there 

are some trucks better than others; few will agree 

as to which is really the best. However that may 

be, there are a lot of good ones; in fact, most of 

them are worthy of consideration. 

EVERY HAV SERVICE. AN IMPORTANT FACTOR 

In considering trucks in relation to cost, adaptability 

to service conditions and Avork to be done 

and dependability, two items are of foremost interest. 

The truck that will carry two bundles of 

pipe, but which requires 100 it of rope and 20 

min. time to make that feat possible isn't exactly 

adaptable for carrying pipe economically. And remember, 

net, final economy is the base upon which 

to judge truck service. 

Dependability is another asset, which is essential 

to economical operation. One or two mechanics at 

$1 per hour plus a driver's time and pay, delayed 

through minor truck troubles, soon change gasoline 

nnd tire savings of 1 or 2 cents per mile into 

losses. The day-in and day-out service with infrequent 

delays is a prime factor to be kept in mind.

November 19, 1920 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

when consideration is being given to the first cost in 

the investment of a motor truck. 

UP-KEFP CHARGES PROPORTIONATE TO USE AND ABUSE 

Up-keep is largely a matter of use or abuse. 

Almost any one of the standard manufacture of 

good trucks will operate with reasonable up-keep 

charges, provided some sense is displayed in driving, 

starting, stopping and loading. The abuses of 

motor trucks form an interesting and instructive 

article in themselves, and will be so handled in 

the next article of this series. 

INTERESTING FACTS ON OPERATING COSTS 

The schedule showing the estimated costs of 

INVESTMENT: 

£ h * sis $2650.00 

)7 , 80.00 

tsody 225 00 

Painting and Lettering [['. lo.OO 

,,, Cost at Factory $3005.00 

War Tax 3% 9915 

Freight (Estimated) 40*00 

Total Investment $3135 1 ; 

LESS TIRES: 

GENERAL MOTOR TRUCK 

513 

2 fronl 36x3^ @ $34.25; war tax, $1.32..$ 71 14 

2 rear 36x5 @ $50.15; war tax, $1.93.. 104.16. 

c- 1 • T? J r> • 175.30 

bulking Fund Basis $2959.85 

Sinking Fund to be provided for on a mileage basis 

Estimated hie of truck 100.0(H) miles 

sinking b und Q29 per mile 

Manufactured by General Motors Co., Pontiac, Mich.—Makes Business Look Businesslike 

operation, of the model N-W, lu_ ton motor truck. 

manufactured , by the United States Motor Truck 

Co., Cincinnati, Oho, indicates the scientific manner 

in which manufacturers approach this matter. 

The figures given herein are based upon working 

conditions of a severe nature. If the same care 

is given to the motor truck which horses receive, 

that is, if only ordinary care and attention is given. 

a reduction of approximately 20 per cent may be 

secured in the operating cost, with a consequent reduction 

of depreciation. 

FIXED CHARGES: 

Average Yearly Interest $107.00 

Taxes @ $1.50 per $100.00 on average value 26.80 

License U00 

Driver @ $25.00 per week 1300.00 

Garage @ $15.00 per month 180.00 

INSURANCE: 

Liability $75.00 

Property 30.00 

Fire on $2000 24.00 

129.00


Total Fixed Charges per year $1753.80 

Fixed Charges per day (300 days) ..$5.84 

VARIABLE CHARGES: Per mile 

Sinking Fund 029 

Tires, 4000 miles @ $239.80 044 

Gasoline, 9 miles per gal. @ 25c 03 

Oil, 400 miles @ 40c per gal 001 

Heavy Oil and Grease 002 

Repairs 015 

Total Cost per Mile 121 

Miles per day ... 20 30 40 50 60 

1-ton 8.33 8.81 9.29 9.77 10.25 

\y ton 8.56 9.06 9.56 10.06 10.57 

Miles per day 70 80 90 100 

1-ton 10.73 11.21 11.69 12.17 

l>_-ton 11.07 11.58 12.08 12.58 

These figures quoted above include fixed charges 

of interest, depreciation, driver, garage charges, insurance, 

license and taxes, maintenance and overhaul, 

as well as variable charges covering tires, 

gasoline and lubricating oil. To get the cost per 

mile, divide the total cost of operating truck a 

given number of miles per day by the number of 

miles covered. 

FIGURES SHOW MORE THAN COST 

These figures give a very close approximate of 

average truck operating cost. They further show 

that truck manufacturers, while they aim to sell 

trucks, are more than anxious to have the buyer 

select a type suitable to his needs and one which 

will please him with satisfactory service. Therefore, 

they furnish such data as will leave the 

smallest chance for error in selection. 

Further, every manufacturer will gladly assist in 

analyzing individual needs when requested. This 

is a service which should not be overlooked by 

the plumbing and heating industry, when considering 

the purchase of motor transportation. 

There are three relations of good motor transportation 

to business, the value of which, while it 

can only be approximated, is an important factor. 

They are: Tbe increase of business which can 

be handled by virtue of having motor transportation, 

and increase of efficiency, resulting from better 

morale of men on being delivered, not fatigued by 

unnecessary effort, at the job. 

VARIABLE VALUES WHICH ARE IMPORTANT 

DAILY COST OF OPERATION : 

It will readily be seen that a dependable truck 

with its quick deliveries will allow of an increased 

volume of business being handled by the same 

crew of men, and further that work can be taken 

over a greater territory. Just how much expansion 

Miles per day ..20 30 40 50 60 70 80 

and saving of costs will result is in an individual 

Fixed charges per 

problem for every business, but of sufficient im 

day $5.84 $5.84 $5.84 $5.84 $5.84 $5.84 $5.84 portance as to be considered in relation to the cost 

Variable Charges 

per day 2.42 3.63 4.84 6.05 7.26 8.47 9.68 

of truck. 

Advertising value is also a variable quantity, but 

Total $8.26 $9.47 $10.68 $11.89 $13.10 $14.31 $15.54 one that is well worth considering. There is no 

The Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Co., Elmwood 

avenue, Buffalo, N. Y., has furnished figures showing 

its 2-ton truck as having a speed of 14 m. p. h. 

on solids and 23 m. p. h. on pneumatics, and an 

operating cost of: 

question but that a nicely painted and well-kept 

truck carrying a neat business sign has a distinct 

advertising value. Further, a worn-out dirty truck 

which is continually stalling along the road, has 

the reverse advertising value. These facts should 

not be overlooked. 

Tires 4;V_ cents per mile 

Therefore, in considering cost these three items 

Gasoline 5 cents per mile should be carefully considered as they show the 

Oil 4/10 cents per mile profit to be gained from truck investment is not 

Lubrication 2/10 cents per mile always greatest on the cheap truck or original 

Maintenance and Repair 3-3/10 cents per mile small investment. 

Depreciation 2-7/10 cents per mile 

While comparative costs in some manner modi 

The fixed charges, of course, depend a great deal 

fies the apparent return on the investment to be 

on local conditions, which also applies to the above 

figures. 

Data received from the Acme Motor Truck Co., 

Cadillac, Mich., shows that its 1-ton truck should 

not be operated at a speed in excess of 22 miles 

per hour and the total operating cost of: 

AUTO-CAR TRUCK 

Manufactured by Auto-Car Co., Ardmore, Pa.—Saves Time 

and Money While It Builds Prestige 

made in the purchase of a new motor truck, it is 

a serious mistake to overlook the other important 

facts "-hich should be considered in relation to cost 

in order to arrive at a correct solution of the 

profits to be gained on the investment. 

While in some cases local deliveries may figure 

as cheap, when actual book charges only are considered, 

still there are very few cases where such 

transportation does not entail delays, many of 

these causing distinct losses. These are apt to be 

forgotten. 

Also, many times work has to be arranged to fit 

in with transportation, also a source of delay. 

Therefore, every plumbing and heating business is 

more self reliant by having its own transportation, 

which in the vast majority of cases can be had at 

a distinct profit on the investment.





Valve Does Not Stop Heating 

From D. A. McE., New York—I have had the same 

trouble as "C. W. W." Maine, whose problem was presented 

in the issue of October 8, in not being able to 

stop a radiator from heating. That, however, is not 

as bad as one that won't heat. It looks to me 

as though the iy-'m. supply pipe to the 50-ft. radia- 

.*" *-/« 

others seemed to be tight and all right when I put 

them in. 

The house is supplied with water from the village 

main at about 130-lb. pressure and it has a 1-in. 

supply with a 1-in. pressure reducer, a relief valve 

and a meter and from there the water goes directly up 

through the boiler to the fixture. I have put a gauge 

on the cold and hot water and both show a pressure of 

about 30 lb. I am sure the gauge is all right because 

I have tested that with another gauge. 

I am puzzled to know what is the matter with the 

outfit as the water backs have a habit of breaking in 

the middle of the night when no one is around. This 

causes a flood in the kitchen and a complaint from 

the owner, who is beginning to think that I do not 

know my business. Will you please hurry such information 

to me as you can give before I have more 

trouble with this other water back? 

RADIATOR WHICH WILL NOT STOP HEATING 

What methods are suggested for increasing the 

fall plumbing supply sales? 477 

Why should particular care be given to window 

and showroom displays of plumbing goods? 477 

tor on the second floor was large enough to cause What is the purpose of the American Society of 

circulation through one pipe to that radiator, par Sanitary Engineering and how will those in the 

ticularly if the system is short of radiation and there plumbing industry benefit from membership in the 

fore the temperature of water is kept at a high point. 

society? 479 

The editor's note covers one thing that might be 

wrong with the radiator, if it is found on looking into 

What opinions are expressed regarding the effect 

this, that the valve is on the flow end. Then a sure 

of standardization on the small plumber? 480 

way to stop this radiator from heating would be to 

place a valve on both ends. It seems to me that that 

would be better and more practical than having to 

make any change in the risers, although a change in 

the riser would accomplish the same purpose if it 

were taken off the main from side or from bottom. 

Why should the installation of power pipe machines 

prove a profitable investment in many 

shops? 482 

Why is the local plumbers' association considered 

an important organization in the industry? 483 

When I had this trouble I figured that it was cheaper What system of heating has been installed in the 

to put on the second valve than it was to fuss with factory of the Smith Brothers and what equipment 

any changes in the main. 

was used? 484 

Trouble with Water Backs in Ranges 

From F. R. T., Vermont—I am having considerable 

trouble in keeping the water backs in the range of one 

of my customers. The house is a large one and has 

three bathrooms, all on the second floor. Until recently 

water backs have lasted from 2 to 3 years but now 

I cannot seem to get one to stay there at all. One I 

put in about 3 months ago only lasted about one 

week. Then I put in another which lasted not quite 

as long as the first one. Since then I have put in the 

third one and I expect it to go most any day. The 


Why was it necessary to establish a climate in 

this factory and how was it accomplished? 485 

How will the heating and plumbing contractor 

benefit from the work of the T. E. B. field representatives 

and why should this work be encouraged? 

486 

In a hot water heating system, why is it good 

practice to insulate the hot water pipes and what 

information is given on the different kinds of coverings? 

487 

Where and how should valves be used on a hot 

water heating system? 487


EDITORIAL COMMENT 

The Plumber and Laundry Machine 

In this issue will be found thc first of a series of 

articles on washing-machines. These machines can 

and should be sold by the plumbing contractor. It 

is also well to remember, that buying one and putting 

it in the showroom simply to collect dust will 

not produce profit. On the other hand a washingmachine 

displayed in action at slight cost can be 

made a business-getter for all lines carried, as well 

as producing a handsome profit of itself. The work 

of selling them is easy and pleasant. Great sales 

will not be accomplished for the next few months, 

due to the hesitancy of the public buying. But 

connections established and seed sown now will 

most surely produce satisfactory results in future. 

The Barrel of a Gun 

The barrel of a gun is to give direction to the 

shot. Plans give direction to the business. Either 

way, it is necessary to aim at what you want to hit. 

The fellow that shuts his eyes, pulls up the gun, lets 

her go, scattering shot all over Christendom is not 

the chap who brings home much game. The same 

thing can be truthfully said of the business man 

that aimlessly shoots at business. Plans are necessary 

for the plumbing and heating contractor in 

every community, plans to do definite things in 

definite ways. The big show article in this issue 

will give you an idea of one of the things you mav 

have overlooked in your planning. You will find it 

good shot when well aimed and a little powder behind 

it. 

Clean House Now 

The slow-down of business which will be experienced 

for the next few months is simply a prelude 

to a long and busy spell of activity in the building 

field. The plumbing and steam fitting contractors 

will do well to take advantage of this opportunity 

to make a thorough investigation of their 

business. Methods and personnel should be carefully 

weighed, faults or inefficiencies dug up, and 

proper remedies applied. Buildings and their equipment 

should be put in shape. The shortage of 

buildings in every community is a positive indication 

of the vast amount of work in this field which 

must be done to provide proper housing facilities 

for the inhabitants of this country. This is going 

to entail an immense amount of work for the 

plumbing and steam fitting contractor. Therefore, 

in order to have the house clean and ready for business, 

all the small details which can be attended to 

now will eliminate the necessity in the future when 

the time could be spent in more profitable endeavor. 

Collections 

The bank makes a business of loaning monev. 

It gets paid for it. Plumbing and steam fitting 

contractors do not run banking institutions even 

though main- customers apparently act as though 

they did. Such action on the part of customers is 

to lie disparaged'in every possible way. Experience 

shows that in the majority of cases this can be 

done in a courteous and businesslike way, without 

causing hard feelings or loss of patronage. Most 

people have a natural instinct to pay for what thev 

get; the others you do not need for customers. The 

evil of overdue accounts and poor collections is, 

therefore, in a large measure clue to timidness on 

the part of the contractor to go after such accounts. 

This is to be regretted as in 90 per cent. 

of cases a courteous request for money will bring 

if, adding to rather than detracting from the prestige 

of thc contractor making such request. The 

efficient business turns over its funds time after 

time, realizing a fair profit at each turnover. This 

should be the practice of plumbing and steam fitting 

contractors. Collect bills closely, should be the 

slogan. It pays and allows of efficiency. 

Potters' Wages Advance 

Satisfaction may be quite generally expressed with 

the outcome of the conference between the employing 

and operating potters in reference to wages. 

There may be many who felt the potters had some 

justification in their demand for a 35 per cent, advance. 

They nevertheless will agree that the best 

interests of all demand a recession rather than an advance 

in the present high prices. The conference between 

these employers and employees is gratifying in 

that it demonstrates the soundness of thoughts of both 

American labor and American capital. There is much 

to be commended in this method of adjusting wage 

matters periodically, thereby avoiding the hard feelings 

and losses incurred by the breaks between capital 

and labor. The provision whereby either side may 

reopen the wage question if necessary will have a stabilizing 

effect and promote confidence in future plans. 

The 5 per cent increase indicates the spirit of fairness 

with which both sides entered the conference.


Inspiring Meeting of Mass. Sanitary Club 

Encouraging Forecast of Business Conditions, Trend of 

Pottery Prices and Specific Suggestions on Trade Extension 

The meeting of the Massachusetts Sanitary 

Club held at the City Club, Boston, on Wednesday 

evening, November 10, was indeed an inspiring one. 

Every speech reflected the trend towards better 

businesslike methods in the plumbing industry. The 

several speakers dealt with the subject from angles 

which give evidence that men who know realize 

that the fundamentals of good business in other 

trades are just as surely the fundamentals of good 

business in the plumbing trade. 

THE BUSINESS OUTLOOK 

Cxuy A. Ham of the Citizens' National Bank of 

Boston spoke on the business outlook, stating that 

the best posted men feel that there is to be a period 

of more or less short duratirm of financial hesitation 

if not depression. He pointed out, however, that 

the Federal Reserve Bank, which served so well as 

n balancing influence during the war is bound to 

stabilize conditions now and prevent any panic. He 

stated that there is not likely to be any great lowering 

of interest rates before spring. 

REVISION OF TAX LAW 

He dwelt at some length on the necessity for revision 

of the income tax law if great expansion is 

to be executed. 

As encouraging aspects of the business situation 

he dwelt on the fact that during the war this countrv 

had changed from a debtor nation to a creditor 

nation, and being sound economically and with such 

wealth and resources as this country now enjoys 

he predicted that business will resume and beforemany 

months we will enter on a period of great 

industrial prosperity. 

In closing he pointed out that every individual 

and thc country in general has great responsibilities, 

but encouraged by such splendid resources 

and by the splendid history of tbe country every 

business man should undertake his task, confident 

that American genius, American brains and American 

power will make the American future even 

more glorious than the American past. 

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 

1). F. Durkin, Jr., President of the National Association 

of Master Plumbers, stated that w-ith four 

past National Presidents in the audience— Finnerty, 

Cassidy, Fee and Craig—he would not attempt 

to say anything about the National, lest they 

might consider him not measuring up to the mark 

of the office, but rather he wanted to talk on the 

subject of industrial relations. He stated that many 

men because of their mental attitude miss the opportunity 

to progress and suffer industrial poverty. 

He dwelt on the fact that there has been too 

much of tackling the problem of improving industrial 

conditions from the wrong end, that hammering 

the business man, the capitalist, destroys business, 

that it is the capitalist who sees the opportunitv, 

takes the risk, shoulders the responsibility, 

and 'is entitled to the fruits of his initiative. He 

also emphasized tbat these capitalists cannot create 

wealth tor themselves without helping others, for 

a man can use only just so much money, and once 

he has obtained enough to support himself in the 

manner in which he wishes to live, he invests his 

surplus in other enterprises, thus creating work 

and opportunities for others. 

I lis closing remarks were a plea for following the 

simple truths of life and a cultivation of the simple 

virtues, for these, he pointed out, arc bound to bring 

back prosperity. 

INFORMATION ON THE POTTERY INDUSTRY 

John A. Campbell of the Trenton Potteries Co. 

spoke very entertainingly on the conditons in the 

pottery trade. He explained the "rule of reason" 

for the past 22 years tinder which employer and 

employe worked, during which time there have 

been no strikes and no lockouts. 

He stated that the pottery manufacturers had 

learned something from the workman's point of 

view, ;ind a policy had been adopted of giving the 

men fair compensation, with a humanitarian interest 

in their welfare. He referred to the health inspection, 

the sick, disabled and old-age pension 

plans that have been worked out, to which the 

men and the employer both contribute. He stated 

the employers felt that each industry should take 

care oi its' men and that the the pottery manufacturers 

had adopted such a policy. 

PROSPECT ON PRICES 

In touching on the outlook for pottery prices he 

gave the information that an agreement has been 

reached with the men by which they were recently 

given a wage advance of 5 per cent and that this 

scale is to hold for two years. He also stated that 

the materials, clays, and the like needed, are high 

and scarce; consequently there is little hope for any 

recession in pottery prices. 

In discussing general Inisiness conditions, he 

pointed out that there never is a revival of business 

on a falling market, and consequently general 

prices must stabilize before there can be any general 

revival of business. He advised going slowly with 

out trying to force business, on the grounds that 

safe aiid sane results are bound to accrue when the 

economic laws of supply and demand are allowed 

to govern. He also advised all business men tr. 

keep a level head and to face all problems before 

tis with the assurance that we can solve them. 

FIELD MEN FOR TRADE EXTENSION WORK 

T F Hansen, who has been assigned by the 

Trade Extension Bureau as a field man for New- 

England spoke on the high praise given to the trade 

extension idea bv prominent men inside as well as 

outside the trade, to whom he had recently explained 

it. He told of his six weeks training at 

Trade Extension headquarters at Evansville, ot his 

trip to Kansas Citv and cither middle western 

cities and finally of his coming to Xew England. 

He explained that the idea was to co-operate with


the plumbers in helping them solve their problems 

and in promoting more plumbing business. 

SOMETHING ON THE KOHLFR IDEA 

Walter J. Kohler, president of the Kohler Co., 

Kohler, Wis., next entertained and interested the 

audience with some details of the conduct of the 

Kohler business, going into detail on the various 

things which had been done to make work in the 

plant and life in the town of Kohler as nearly ideal 

as possible for the workmen and their families. 

He explained that the foundation of the company's 

idea is that labor is a human element and 

as such every man is given an opportunity to make 

progress, is given attractive surroundings, fair play 

and pleasant home life. He is given an opportunity 

not only to make but to enjoy a living. 

Mr. Kohler went into detail on what is done to 

provide pleasant and humanitarian conditions for 

the company's 1600 employes, citing its large and 

spacious buildings, well lighted and well ventilated, 

with its modern labor saving machinery, the policy 

of doing some of the most trying manufacturing 

requiring high temperatures in the winter instead 

of crowding it all into the summer months, thus 

necessitating great warehousing facilities and the 

accumulation of stocks well in advance of the season, 

and the policy of reducing work uniformly so 

that no hardship will be suffered by any individual. 

He also explained about the policy of carrying 

group insurance, pension funds and providing 

medical and dental inspection and service, evening 

schools and many other progressive plans to provide 

for the comfort, welfare and happiness and uplift 

of the employees. 

OPPORTUNITIES IN THE PLUMBING BUSINESS 

W. J. Woolley, director of the Trade Extension 

Bureau opened his talk by saying that business is 

going to be just what we make it. Fie stated that 

there is no other industry that offers equal opportunities 

as the plumbing, pointing out that from 

coast to coast plumbing and heating is needed and 

must be had. He cited the fact that last year 

through progressive sales methods over 600 000 

heating stoves had been sold, driving home his point 

by stating that if what has been considered so antiquated 

a heating medium as a stove could be sold 

in such great numbers by progressive methods, such 

progressive methods if applied to plumbing and 

heating must result in even larger results. 

He pointed out that heretofore the plumber has 

been satisfied with supplying the demand but if the 

supply overtakes the demand he must advertise to 

promote a demand. 

He then touched on the idea of the Bureau putting 

field men out to co-operate with the plumbers 

and assist them in every way possible with their 

problems and in the promotion of business. 

Then he stated that the average American does 

not appreciate the true worth of the plumber, that 

the public looks upon plumbing as something more 

or less of a mystery and that few home builders 

really know enough about plumbing and plumbing 

fixtures to tell the plumber what they want. He 

stated that in many homes one bath room is not 

sufficient but the owners do not appreciate this 

when planing their home, and that it is therefore 

up to the plumber in such cases to sell two bath 

rooms for such houses instead of one. 

He pointed out that it is desirable by collective 

advertising or otherwise to clear up this mystery 

about plumbing as well as to create a wider demand 

for plumbing. 

He explained that the field men were not sent 

out by the Bureau with the feeling that these men 

or the Bureau know it all, but that they are going 

out not only willing to help but also willing to 

to learn, and with the conviction that if given the 

proper co-operation by the plumbing shops these 

men would learn as they gained experience and become 

more helpful to the industry. 

He stated that the Board the day before in New 

York City had voted $200,000 to carry on this educational 

work, and with such unselfishness in the 

trade it must result in benefit to all those engaged 

in it. 

At the close of his address reports were made by 

the several retiring officers and a Board of Directors 

elected. 

New Jersey Enrolling 1000 Members 

The work of President William A. Snudden, and 

William F. Beck, state organizer, in their endeavor 

to increase the membership of the New Jersey Association 

of Master Plumbers to 1000 members before 

the end of the year, is a pleasing demonstration 

of unselfish effort, and deserves the support of every 

Jersey plumber. Mr. Beck has the following good 

news. 

He has been working among the Plainfield 

plumbing contractors and starts out with an association 

of 16 members, which were admitted to both 

the state and national organizations, and he has 18 

more firms to bring into the association from 

Plainfield, Westfield and Dunellen. 

Every effort is being made to make the slogan 

of 1000 members of President William A. Snudden 

come true. Mr. Beck is carrying on a campaign 

in Englewood, Ridgefield Park, Hackensack, Ridgewood, 

and also is endeavoring to renew the interest 

in some other associations so that they will draw in 

men who are not at present connected with them. 

Keep your eye on us and the 1000 mark and 

help—is the suggestion of Mr. Beck, the state organizer. 

Fuel Oil Session Instructive to'Illinois 

Heating Engineers 

It is evident that fuel oil and fuel oil burners 

topics of "burning interest" to the members of the 

Illinois Chapter of the American Society of Heating 

and Ventilating Engineers, who turned out 77 

strong, for the November meeting on Monday, November 

8, to hear the four speakers tell of oil and 

its application to house heating and industrial 

plants. 

After an excellent Chicago Engineers' Club dinner, 

President J. C. Hornung called the meeting to 

order and appointed Dr. E. V. Hill, M. Hart and 

Samuel Lewis to take appropriate action for the 

Chapter on the death of John R. Allen, Director 

of the Society's Research Bureau. A letter of condolence 

sent to Mrs. Bronaugh, widow of former 

secretary William Bronaugh, was read. 

Mr. Hart, reporting for the Research Bureau


Funds Committee, said that the first response to 

three hundred appeals was $2,225.00, which would 

be increased by greater efforts of the committee 

members. He asked everyone to read the two 

articles in the September Journal, telling of the 

work accomplished by the Bureau, and the program 

of what is in view. 

Five new members were added by unanimous 

vote: H. W. Hand, S. C. Bloom, H. N. Dix, Jr., 

A. M. K. Amberg and H. W. Skinner. Thirtyseven 

members of the Society are not Chapter members, 

and their names will be furnished to the members 

of the Chapter in an endeavor to get them to 

join. 

The program for the remainder of the year was 

read by Secretary Ben Nelson: 

December 13—Auditorium Ventilation—Chairman R. W. 

Yardley. 

January 10—Work of Research Bureau and talks by 

Professor J. C. Hoffman and A. C. Willard,—E. A. May, 

Chairman. 

February—Hot Water vs. Steam for Heating,—George 

Kirk, Chairman. 

March—Refrigeration as Related to Heating and Ventilating,—W. 

J. Mauer, Chairman. 

April—Exhaust Steam and Live Steam—G. D. Lude, 

Chairman. 

May—Social program and special features to be arranged 

by John Boylston, Chairman. 

J. E. Chubb, chairman for the meeting, introduced 

G. C. May of the Steam Corporation, Chicago, 

who explained the construction, operation and 

safety features of the "NOKOL" fuel oil burner, 

which is made for house heating in 8 and 12 sizes 

to take care of 1000 and 2400 sq. ft. of steam. A 

positively even temperature is maintained by thermostatic 

control, which also operates with the 

safety device. The fuel recommended is distilate 

and the speaker explained about oil storage requirements 

in various cities. 

Replying to members' questions, Mr. May said 

that lOO gal. of oil equalled 1 ton of antbracite 

coal, and with oil at 17 cents per gallon, cost about 

the same. Thc monthly consumption of gas for the 

pilot light averages $1.30 a month, and the electricity 

for the blower $1.25. The only place the 

burner proved noisy was in warm-air furnaces, 

but this was eliminated by special baffle construction. 

Asked about carbon troubles, he said that 

defective nozzles were the only cause. He stated 

that the oil burner would not make an inefficient 

boiler an efficient boiler, but would keep the plant 

running at maximum efficiency. 

The difference in various oils was explained by 

C. L. Knopf of the Sinclair Refining Co. Oils with 

parafine base are best adapted for lubricating, 

while those of asphalt base make the best heating 

oils. He told some history of oil drilling operations, 

and showed charts of heating values of different 

grade oils. He showed maps of the extent 

of the oil industry, and how it was stored and transported. 

Fie said that production was considerably 

under consumption, though production had increased 

50 per cent in the last 10 years. 

Pictures of industrial plant installations were explained 

by F. R. Crane, Jr., of Crane Oil Burner 

Co., Chicago, who told of the saving in labor and 

greater efficiency when pressure burners were used. 

He said the oil was fed at 30 lb. pressure and steam 

to atomize it at 25 lb. It takes 60 cu. ft. of air or 

steam to atomize 1 gal. of heavy oil. He told the 

importance of two sets of pumps for successful 

operation of these plants. 

A very interesting story of the trans-Atlantic 

flight of the naval seaplane N C 4, was told by 

Mr. Breeze, former lieutenant and chief engineer 

on trip, now engineer for the Steam Corporation, 

Chicago. He explained that any load that can be 

broken away from the water can be held in the air. 

The particular problem was fuel, and this was determined 

by an hourly consumption rate, and computed 

so that there would be 1 hr. 40 min. leeway 

in flying from Newfoundland to the Azores. The 

plane weighed 28,000 lbs. fully loaded, had four 

Liberty motors, and a crew of six men. The trip 

took a little over 15^4 hrs., using 1620 gals, of gasoline, 

and Commander Reade kept such an accurate 

course that he only missed communication 

with two destroyers on the route and hit the 

Azores within 15 miles of the harbor for which he 

was headed. Everything worked perfectly throughout 

the trip, the weather was clear during the 

first part, but stormy during the latter part. He 

told some humorus incidents, but said that after 

the hop-off the trip was uneventful though the first 

sight of land was very good. 

A rising vote of thanks was given to all the 

speakers, and the meeting adjourned at 10.30 

o'clock. 

Death of Alger A. Cragin 

Alger A. Cragin, senior member of the firm of 

Cragin & Wilkins, contracting plumbers of Leominster, 

Mass., died recently following a fall from a tree. 

He was 49 years old, a native of Temple, N. H., and 

a business man of Leominster for the past 20 years. 

He was active in civic affairs and a leader in the Boy 

Scout work . He leaves a widow and five children. 

East St. Louis Heating Contractors Have 

Theatre Party 

rpx"' 

A matinee at the Orpheum Theatre and a dinner 

dance in the American Annex Hotel, St. Louis, Mo., 

was the program enjoyed by the members and 

wives of the East Side Heating and Piping Contractors' 

Association of East St. Louis, 111., on Saturday, 

November 6, 1920. Among the guests were 

Past-President John Bradley of the National Association 

of Heating and Piping Contractors and 

Mrs. Bradley. The association includes Granite 

City, Alton," Collinsville, Belleville, Madison, Nameoki, 

Mitchell, Venice, Edgemont and Wood 

River 111. Secretary William G. Bergner says that 

the slogan of the party was "a good time for all, 

and none were disappointed." Only four members, 

Edward Maag, R. P. Kennedy, Alton; James Morehead, 

East St. Louis and Edward Stoltz, Granite 

City,'did not attend, but will be drafted for the next 

social event, say the members. 

[^Consolidation of Two St. Paul Companies 

The Cochran-Sargent Co., St. Paul, Minn., announces 

that it has entered into an arrangement 

with the Western-Supply Co., whereby the two 

companies will be consolidated in January. 

The Western-Supply Co. will take care of their


own accounts receivable and payable, thc Cochran- 

Sargent Co. will take over the merchandise and 

building of the Western-Supply Co., and will carry 

. .n the consolidated business under the name of 

the Cochran-Sargent Co., at Fifth and Sibley 

streets. 

The consolidated business will be directed by the 

present management of the Cochran-Sargent Co. 

ALWAYZREADY SOLDERING COPPER 

Bulletin for Heating Trade 

The McAlear Alanufacturing Co., 1901 South West enough to meet all requirements and is so designed that 

ern avenue, Chicago, 111., has for distribution bulletins it balances the torch, making it possible for a mechanic 

"C," "D" and "E" which describe the McAlear vacuum to use it all day without tiring his arm. 

air line heating system, high and low pressure steam This device is distributed by the J. W. Scott Hard 

trap, thermo vent air valve and packless radiator ware Co.. 30 Warren street, New York City, from 

valves. These bulletins will be of interest to the in which printed matter and full particulars may be had 

dustry a.s they give complete and comprehensive infor for the asking. 

mation relative to these articles, all of which maintain 

the high standard of quality of the McAlear company's 

goods 

Kohler Men Investigate Trade Needs 

Death of Daniel F. Nash 

Daniel Freeman Nash, aged 62 years, sole proprietor 

of O. M. & D. W. Nash, stove dealers, heating 

and plumbing contractors of Portland, Maine, died in 

that city on October 26. Fie was for 2 years a member 

of the city government and was active in the 

Chamber of Commerce. LIpon the death of his father 

he became a partner in the firm and upon the death of 

his uncle, in 1891, he purchased that interest and since 

has been proprietor of the concern. He leaves a 

widow- and three children. 

A. C. Stone, 433 Ash street, Brockton, Mass., for 

many years connected with the James T. Corcoran 

Plumbing Co., has purchased the Belmont Hardware 

& Supply Co. in Brockton, succeeding his brother, 

B. S. Stone. The new concern will be known as the 

A. C. Stone Hardware & Supply Co. It will handle 

plumbing supplies. 

An Alwayzready' Soldering Copper 

Fire Doesn't Delay Delivery of Leader 

Products 

A rather unique innvention is shown in the accompanying 

illustrations. It is known as the "Alwayz 

The fire which occurred recently in the plant of ready" soldering copper, deriving its name from the 

the Leader Iron Works, Decatur, 111., makers of fact that il is so contrived that it can be kept heated 

pneumatic water supply systems and pumps, was continuously and in work constantly. In short, this is a 

not so serious as first indicated. It was confined to device to be clamped on to the burner of a regulation 

one department and the interruption of production torch and used as a soldering copper. It is intended 

will not be serious. "As we have a fair stock of that the flame of the torch be regulated and kept burn 

most of the articles wc sell," says President T. E. ing while the copper is in use. It is stated by this ar 

O'Brien, "it is not likely that any of our customers rangement the copper can be kept at the right tempera 

will be handicapped on account of delay." 

ture and in continuous use, thus saving the time necessarv 

to change coppers. 

ft is pointed out that the clamp is made of brass and 

Affiliates With Jaehnig & Peoples, Inc. the attachment is universal, as it will fit any make or 

size of torch. The copper, it is also stated, is large 

W. F. Latimer, for the past 16 years in charge of 

the Xew York office of James B. Clow & Sons of 

Chicago, on November 1, affiliated as vice-president 

with Jaehnig & Peoples, Inc., Newark, N. J. 

Mr. Latimer has spent his entire life in different 

branches of the plumbing and heating business, and 

will be a valuable addition to that organization. 

His friends wish him well in his new venture. 

L. L. Smith, advertising manager of the Kohler Co 

Kohler, Wis., spent a few days in Chicago this past 

week with J. B. Murphy, vice-president of the company, 

visiting among the trade to become more familiar with 

their requirements for 1921. 

Chicago Suppl, House Commences Building 

$275,000 Warehouse 

Construction has been commenced on a $275,000 

structure for warehouse purposes for the National 

Plumbing & Heating Supply Co., 6028 South State 

street, Chicago, 111., and to be completed in 60 days. The 

New Firms and Changes 

building will contain a sales room, show room, stock 

room and garage on the first floor with offices on the 

Ivezer


Chicago Construction Problems Second 

Only to New York's 

Senate Committee Hears Suggestions from Every 

Factor Identified with Building Operations 

The plans presented are as follows: 

1—Repeal the income tax law and exempt from taxation 

mortgages on homes and apartments for a 

period of years. 

2—Create a Department of Construction headed by a 

cabinet member. 

3—Put postal savings at disposal of small home builders. 

4—Remove discriminatory freight rates on building materials, 

and make favorable ones for fire-proof 

items. 

5—Establish a federal board on same plan as Kansas 

Court of Industrial Relations to prohibit strikes 

and lockouts, the cost of which is always borne by 

the public. 

6—Less expensive real estate transfers, elimination of 

unnecessary land speculation and lower insurance 

rates for properly constructed small houses. 

"Labor will not go to pre-war level, prices for materials 

will not be greatly reduced, and transportation 

charges will be higher than before the war. With these 

facts established building costs cannot be expected to 

reach much lower levels than the present for some time. 

The pre-war figure will not be attained, though there 

will be some reduction of cours.-. 

This was the concluding statement of Senator William 

M.Calder, Chairman of the Senate Committee on 

Reconstruction after hearing the two days evidence on 

Chicago's housing needs, which he stated are greater 

than any other city in the United States except New- 

York. The inquiry was opened on November 10 in the 

Auditorium Hotel, Chicago, and testimony was heard 

from public officials, architects, engineers, bankers, real 

estate and railroad men, building material manufacturers 

and dealers, labor and tenants representatives. 

Director of Public Works, Frank I. Bennett, said 

that Chicago needed to double its normal pre-war building 

program for three and a half years so as to keep 

pace with its growth. Rents have been lower than in 

any other city until the past year, but the present return 

is not great enough to be attractive to investors. 

High prices of materials, labor and money have been 

the causes of Chicago's delay in building. To relieve 

the situation, the material market must be'stablized and 

the man with money, must be able to see a profit ahead 

instead of a shrinkage in value, before he will invest. 

Health Commissioner, John D. Robertson, stated that 

the housing shortage was creating some congestion in 

certain districts, but so far there was no impairment of 

health noticeable, though a continuation of the condition 

might be apparent several years from now. 

Charles Bostrom, Building Commissioner, gave records 

of permits issued from his office for all kinds of 

buildings, showing a drop from 4293 in 1916 to 82 so far 

in 1920 for apartments for two families or more. 

Peter Mortenson, Superintendent of Schools, told 

how portable schools, old buildings and double sessions 

were used to take care of the 350.000 pupils. He gave 

the construction cost per cubic foot in 1915, 12. 1 /2 

cents; 1916, 15.8 cents; 1917, 19.4 cents; 1918, 23.5 

cents and 1919 23.5 to 30.7 cents, and for one school 

built in 1920 33.9 cents. 

W. W. Baird, President Chicago Association of Commerce, 

urged that taxes be modified, and said that costs 

must be stabilized for a period so that capital could be 

brought into building projects. Two hopeful signs he 

said were some material price concessions and a growing 

efficiency of labor. 

E. II. Hines, speaking for the Chicago lumber trade, 

said that there is no shortage of any kind of lumber, 

plenty being piled at the mills, but tlie demand in Chicago 

is only one-third of normal, ['rices have been reduced 

from 13 to A per cent since March and he said 

that the industry was doing its full share to bring about 

a reduction in Iiuilding costs. Questioned bv Senator 

Kenyon, Iowa, about the cost plus system, which Mr. 

I lines said encouraged labor in efficiencv, he replied 

"It was the invention of the gentlemen in power at 

Washington," to which the Senator remarked, "then 

the devil ought to be pleased with the plan for creating 

si i many scoundrels." 

William Nelson Pelouze, president of the Illinois 

Manufacturers Association, said that the excess profits 

tax is one big element impeding building construction, 

and another is the feeling of people that prices are coming 

down, wliich makes them hesitate to build. 

SANITARY CONDITIONS ARE BAD 

B. 1. Rosenthal of the Chicago Housing Association 

said that Chicago was 50,000 houses short and 500,000 

were improperly and viciously housed. Sanitary conditions 

are very bad, many families still using outside 

privies and toilets in halls. The conditions found in a 

fixe year survey are directly responsible for the continuation 

of crime. Fie explained how 137 six-room 

houses of hollow tile, had been constructed for small 

wage earners and sold on easy payment plan for $5,700, 

which would cost $9,500 to duplicate if the work was 

done by contractors. 

"Wharton Clay of Metal Lath Manufacturers Association 

and W. C. Robinson of the Fire Underwriters 

said that it was more than ever necessary to conserve 

buildings already erected, and that 75 per cent of residence 

fires were preventable and recommended constructions 

that would eliminate them to a large extent. 

Thev pointed out that 95 per cent of fires in houses 

originated within them, and that the rate of destruction 

was about equal to present construction. 

Miss Amelia Sears, of United Charities, said that in 

the congested districts there were many examples of 

Lad housing, where houses were pushed back on a lot 

and others built in front so that there were dark rooms, 

bad lighting, plumbing out of order. The fact that 

manv houses are built with basements below the street 

level and used for living quarters results in damp and 

insanitarv dwellings from defective drainage and 

broken gutters, while those living in attics are annoyed 

by leaking roofs. Proper protection of plumbing is 

absent, and in winter freeze-ups occur with annoying 

results. The use of hopper closets outdoors, in backyards 

and under sidewalks is permitted, though they 

are admittedly insanitary. 

Adolph Kramer, president of the Chicago Real Estate 

Board, said there is plenty of labor and material 

available but prices are abnormally high because of curtailed 

production. We also find that we are not permitted 

to use certain materials manufactured outside 

of Chicago. 

Henry G Zander related his experiences in building 

both frame and brick houses. He showed photographs 

of six-room buii!_alo\vs which cost to build, without 

land. $3,042 in 1916, $4,512 in 1918 and 1919, while 

estimates received November 5th, 1920, were $7,000. 

These sold at S4.500 and $5,800, while those that were 

estimated at $7,000 would have to sell for S8.000. 

Asked for his remedv by Senator Kenyon, he said, "I'd 

stop combinations in restraint of trade and bring back


open competition. The 'Chicago list' price prevails in 

even- lumber yard in Chicago, almost without variation. 

It is said prices are 30 to 40 per cent lower, but items 

sold in 1914 at $30, last vear were $70 and today are 

$54. That doesn't look like it." 

Henry K. Holsman, President Illinois Chapter American 

Institute of Architect, said that there are enough 

plans ready in Chicago architects' offices to keep the 

city's building trade busy for 2 years. He said the architects 

did not approve government subsidies and home 

loan banks which were only artificial methods of stimulating 

building and were not permanent. Fie declared 

that high money rates, labor disputes, price fixing combinations 

in building materials, inadequate transportation, 

real estate speculation and fire losses had hindered 

building. He advocated low cost insurance for properly 

built small houses, abolition of unnecessary speculation 

in property, favorable freight rates on fire proof 

building- material, prohibition of strikes and lockouts, 

and establishment of a Department of Construction. 

Thomas Kearney, President of the Chicago Building 

Trades Council, stated that he represented 50,000 members, 

and pledged full co-operation of the unions. He said 

the wage of all scale mechanics in Chicago is $10 per 

day as compajred with $5.50 and $6.00 before the war. 

The fact that the average working period is only 200 

days per year, and with living costs so high, many have 

gone into other work. Building was not so efficiently 

done during the war, as it left only the older men. Now 

that the younger fellows are back is the reason that 

more work is done. 

John Donlin, head of the building division of the 

American Federation of Labor, said that the board of 

jurisdictional awards was functioning and the only 

ones who have not signified their intention of subscribing 

to it are the carpenters, but they will come in. 

William Schlake, President Illinois Brick Co., said 

common brick which sold at $7 per thousand in 1916 

were now $16, though in other cities in the east and 

south were from $20 to $39. Production hours have 

been curtailed, labor has advanced 100 per cent, freight 

200 per cent and coal from $1.87 in 1915 to $7.92 in 

1920, while fuel oil went from 2 1/2 to 7 1/4 cents during 

the same time. 

B. F. Affleck, President Universal Portland Cement 

Co., told of the difficulties of cement manufacturers and 

the elements that caused the price to rise to its present 

level. He told how the railroad embargoes and shipping 

restrictions had hindered cement production, and how 

advances 155 per cent in wages and 179 per cent in 

fuel costs had also affected this material. 

Tennessee Plumbing Notes 

The new plunibing supply business of the R. T. 

Clarkson Co. is now open at Memphis, at 126 North 

Front street facing the Mississippi River and with well 

equipped office and warerooms. They have a twostory 

structure with about 12,000 sq. ft. of space. 

R. T. Clarkson, the owner of the business was with the 

Crane branch at Little Rock, from 190,8 for 11 years, 

he was with the St. Louis department of that firm from 

1900 to 1904 and more recently was with the Seattle, 

Wash., department. Wolff's fixtures and plumbing 

supplies will be the exclusive line and the facilities of 

the house indicate that it will have a bright future in the 

Mississippi Valley trade. 

H F. Kippley, 697 Chelsea avenue, Memphis, was recently 

named president of the Memphis Master Plumbers' 

Protective Association. 

Shur-Tite Man Completes Middle States Trip 

Frank Curtis, president of the Shur-Tite Manufacturing 

Co., Cleveland, Ohio, has made Chicago his 

headquarters for the past month, calling on the heating 

trade in surrounding states, and has returned to Cleveland 

in order to direct the delivery of an immense quantity 

of Shur-Tite he disposed of during his western trip. 

J. P. Dugger Rapidly Recovering 

Word conies from Homewood, III, that J. P. Dugger, 

secretary of the Kewanee Boiler Co., Kewanee, 111., 

though still confined to his home is making a satisfactory 

recovery after being taken seriously ill Tuesday, 

Nov. 9. His many friends in the boiler trade will enjoy 

seeing him back at his Chicago desk soon. 

Bastian-Morley Planning Extensive Sales 

Campaign 

R. W. Johnson and R. L. Shepherd, respectively 

treasurer and advertising manager of the Bastian-Morley 

Co., LaPorte, Ind., visited Chicago the past week to 

inaugurate a sales promotion campaign to assist its 

plumbing trade and jobbing connections, through the 

consumer, to obtain additional popularity for the Royal 

Automatic and Marvel combination gas water heaters 

and storage tanks for domestic use. This campaign will 

comprise personal activity among the buyers of their 

line and also intensive local newspaper advertising 

among the consumers in various parts of the country. 

Michigan Chapter in Toledo, December 13 

The Michigan Chapter of the American Society 

of Heating and Ventilating Engineers held its November 

meeting at the Dixie Land Inn Detroit, on 

Monday evening, November 8, with an attendance 

of 47 members. The late Professor John R. Allen, 

who was the first president of the Michigan Chapter, 

had arranged to be the speaker of the evening, 

but in his absence because of his sudden death, J. 

R. McColl spoke feelingly of his life and his preeminence 

in 'the field he had chosen for work. Mr. 

McColl was exceptionally well qualified to do this 

because Professor Allen many years ago founded 

the engineering firm of which Mr. McColl is now 

the senior member. 

Following Mr. McColl's talk the Chapter by 

resolution appointed a committee to prepare a 

suitable resolution to become part of the permanent 

records of the chapter. 

Mr. Mclntire followed with a talk on boilers 

which led to a long and interesting discussion. 

The next meeting of the chapter will be held in 

Toledo, Ohio, December 13. 

Death of Andrew E. Wilkinson 

Andrew E. Wilkinson, for the past 9 years a master 

plumber at Moodus, Conn., died at his home in 

that town October 25 from heart trouble. He leaves 

a widow and son.


fi i • " """I" mi iiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiininiiiiiiiiii IIIIIIII IIIIIII IIIIII IIIII i i i nil : m nm, u m I|BI jnuumnuinnuiiniiiiiiiiiiiiini^ 

1 THEMARKET 1 

ftmiimiiiiiiiii m mn • •iiiiiiiiiiniiiin nm imiiiiiiiminii mm mini IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIII : mn , , H mm m ,„ iiiiimimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiil 


factors are willing to agree. Buying is only for 

STEAM GOODS 

present needs and will remain so until prices become 

sufficiently low to be attractive. Changes will be in 

proportion to revisions in basic items. All lines will 

Prices of steam and hot water heating goods still 

be affected, is the opinion of a number of men, active 

hold to its high level, with the factory facilities for 

in the business. 

shipping improved, the demand for the goods hesitant. 

Only extreme necessity is the cause for construction 

In one or two instances stocks of radiation are report 

now and will be for the next few months is the present 

ed as on hand, but in most cases, manufacturers are 

belief. If liquidation of stocks without regard to 

assembling materials and shipping direct from plant, 

production costs becomes necessary the new year may 

practically as fast as the material can be manufactured. 

see renewed activity and some relief from the housing 

The demand for repair and alteration parts continues 

shortage. The Calder hearing will bring no relief 

very strong and still holds somewhat above normal. 

is the common conviction as it was largely an "alibi 

Indications are that, although peak prices have been 

party." Any remedy will have to come from the 

reached, the present high level will be maintained until 

initiative of the construction industry. 

the first of the year. 

Signs that are encouraging for lower prices for -the 


future are the revisions on iron and steel products 

announced by Chicago mills and warehouses. Cheaper 

A slight improvement is noticed in the shipment of fuel and transportation would also help considerably. 

black and galvanized steel pipe. However back orders Everybody looks optimistically toward 1921, for even 

and buying for immediate need just about balance the now Chicago building material prices are lower than 

shipments being received in New York, therefore, no in the majority of cities. 

stocks are accumulating in the jobbing houses. No Pig Iron and Steel Chicago—There are two levels 

improvement is shown in the condition of wrought in the pig iron market, the nominal quotation of $46 

iron pipe, either black or galvanized, most sizes being for Northern No. 2 foundry, and on resales $41 for 

entirely out of stock in many jobber's warehouses. the same grade. Pig iron producers anticipate lower 

Pressure for supplies of both oil country and standard prices for 1921 delivery, but do not believe a cut 

pipe remains heavy, and while mill operations are advisable as consumers would not likely be tempted 

relatively high, the scarcity of cars is retarding dis even at lower quotations. As there is considerable tontribution. 

The improved movement of cars when nage unfilled they have not opened their books for next 

routed has made possible better deliveries by jobbers, year, though at this time the buying movement is 

also allowed of clearing up many back orders. 

usually in full swing. 

Plumbers porcelain enamel ware prices are holding During the present week an independent mill re 

firm with deliveries and shipments better. Many sizes duced its price for steel bars to three cents Chicago, 

and types of fixtures are difficult to get, as the manu which is within $5 a ton of the leading interest's 

facturing forces have been employed on the standard price. A large steel warehouse reduced to the corpo 

products. Buying continues to cover only urgent needs ration's level on heavy lines, and made smaller reduc 

and indications are that jobbers will be able to accumutions on sheets and smaller items. The Illinois Steel 

late small stocks of standard goods soon. 

Co. is operating at 85% capacity, or as much as the 

Jobber's stocks of vitreous ware continue to im fuel conditions will permit. Chicago steel plants are 

prove. Buying is hesitant and for immediate needs running at a better rate than those in the east, wdiere 

only, prices holding firm, and no indication of any re a decided slump has shown its effect. The plate mill 

cession from present level in the immediate future. of the Inland Steel Company which was being re 

There is a notable improvement in the stocks of modeled was started November 15. 

standard and extra heavy soil pipe and fittings, both at Copper—The market seems to have steadied at 15c 

jobbers and at foundries. Prices have receded fifteen and the buying that was apparent during the past week- 

points in the past two weeks, with buying still hesitant. has seemed to have run its course. Production has 

Plumber's brass goods still show improvement in been curtailed during the past two months, and re 

delivery of standard parts. Specialties are difficult to flects the attitude of producers toward the future. As 

obtain, prices remain firm, although indications are that November generally signifies the closing of lake navi 

the peak has been reached. Brass pipe shows a degation, and because of high freight rates it was 

cline of two cents per pound with fittings and nipples anticipated that producers would make special efforts 

five points lower. 

to get out large quantities, but the movement during 

Indications are that the general revision of prices, 

the "first ten days would not indicate this. 

which is expected in all lines of goods, will be gradual 

Tin—Buying has been at a minimum during the 

in the plumging, steam heating and gas line. 

week and even speculation has been dormant. The 

Chicago price has dropped X 


Anything spectacular in the way of declines in 

plumbing and heating goods is not expected but that 

a level below that prevailing is inevitable, nearly all 

cent P er pound and 

now Straits pig is quoted at 41 y 

2 cents higher. 

to 43 X with bars 

Lead—Stagnation continues so far as business is 

concerned and small lots in Chicago bring 7 cents for 

pig lead and 8 for bar lead. Joplin reports production 

was for orders ahead during past two weeks though 

the new price of leading producer is y cent lower.

524 P L U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER November 19, 1920 

Zinc—The recent light demand continues, reflecting Old Metals, New York.—There is a better feeling 

the easier trend in both brass and galvanizing lines. in the trade and prices are a little stronger, although 

Production at Joplin was less than during the past business is still quiet. Dealers' buying prices are nom 

week though the total for the year is above that for the inally as follows: 

same period last year. 

Cents 

Solder—Plumbers' solder is quoted at 24 cents per 

per lb. 

pound in 100 lb. lots. 




Pig Iron 

Another drop of $3.00 per ton in coke prices has 

again softened the pig iron market about $2.00 to 

$3.00 per ton. In some markets resale iron sellers are 

competing and sales are mnde below furnace prices. 

Effort is being made bv consumers to work off high 

cost iron by sales where spot iron is needed but the 

demand is receding and the prices show the effect. 

Brass, heavy 

Brass, light 

Heavy machine composition 

No. 1 yellow brass turnings 

No. 1 red brass or composition turnings 

Lead, heavy 

Lead, tea 

Zinc 

Old Metals, Chicago—Red brass and copper are a 

7.75 

5.50 

12 25 

7.00 

1000 

5.25 

3.75 

4.00 

NEW YORK 

'little stronger while yellow brass is lower. 

prices of Chicago dealers are as follows: 

Buying 

East Pa. No. 1 fdv Sil 275 to 3.25 $47.52 to $50.52 Red Brass 10% 

East Pa No. 2X fdy SU 2.25 to 275 

East Pa No. 2 fdv Sil 1.75 to 2 25 

Buffalo Sil 1.75 to 2.25 

Virginia No. 2 Sil 1.75 to 2.25 

CHICAGO 

45.77 to 4877 

44 52 to 47.52 

J. 47.46 to 48.46 

49.16 to 50.16 

Yellow Brass, heavy 

Yellow Brass, light 

Copper, heavy and clips 

Copper, light and bottoms 

Lead Pipe 

7 

Sy2 

10-54 

9_J 

4 

Northern Coke No. 1 Sil $2.25 to $2.75. .$42.25 to $48.25 

Northern Coke fdv No. 2 Sil 1.75 to 2 25.. 40 00 to 46 00 

Southern Coke fdv No. 1 Sil Soft 2.75 to 325.. 47.67 to 51.67 

Southern Coke fdv No. 2 2 25 to 2.75.. 45.92 to 49.92 

Southern foundry Sil 1.75 to 2.25.. 44.67 to 48.67 

PHILADELPHIA 

Eastern Pa No. 2 Plain Sil $1.75 to $2.25. .$46 54 to $48 54 

Eastern Pa No. 2X Sil 2.25 to 2 75.. 47.79 to 49.79 

Virginia No. 2 Plain Sil 1.75 to 2.25.. 50.74 to 51.74 

Virginia No. 2X Sil 2.25 to 2.75.. 51.99 to 52.99 

CLEVELAND 

Northern No. 2 fdv Sil $175 to $2.25. .$43 96 to $45.96 

Southern fdy Sil 2.25 to 275.. 45.92 to 49.92 

CINCINNATI 

Southern Coke Sil $1.75 to $2.25 (base price) $42.50 to 46.50 

Southern Coke Sil $2.25 to $2.75 (No. 2 Soft) 43.75 to 47.75 

Southern Ohio No. 2 Sil 1.75 to 2.25 .(No. 2) 47 52 

Old Materials 

1 / 

Tin Foil -. 25 

Block Tin Pipe 30 

Pewter No. 1 20 

Zinc 4 

Soldered Joints 7->_ 

Old Rubber.—No business makes it difficult to discover 

with no stock coming into the market, shipments 

being held back. Wholesale dealers buying quotations 

are: 

Boots and shoes 5 to 5._ 

Trimmed Arties 4 to 4',_ 

Auto tires l^tol^ 

Bicycle tires 

Solid tires 

No. 1 inner tubes 

Mixed white scrap 

1 to 1J4 

l^to2 

8 to 9 

4 to 4!_ 

Mixed red scrap 3 to 3 l A 

Mixed b'ack scrap l^_to2 

Cotton fire hose 54 to 1^ 


Old Rags.—The market continues dull with some 

optimism on better things for future yet paper mill. 

are slowing down. Wholesale dealers'' prices are: 

No. 1 Whites $7.50 to $8.00 

No. 2 Whites 

I hirds and Blues 

425 to 4.50 

2 25 to 2.50 

Straight Garments 115 to 125 

Hard Back Carpets X. 1 00 to h05 

Soft Back Carpets 3.00 to 3.25 

Paper Stock.—A slow market with prices reaching 

a point of stabilization. Wholesale dealers' buying 

quotations for New York are: 

Over issue magazines $275 to $2.35 

Crumpled news Notes on Prices, New York '.. 90 to 1.00 

Scrap Iron, New York.—Absence of sales during 

the past week gives no trend to the price which buyer 

expect to go lower. Prices which dealers in New 

York and Brooklyn are quoting to local foundries, per 

gross ton : 



etc., cupola size 36 00 to 37.00 

No. 1 heavy cast not cupola size 27 00 to 28.00 

No. 2 cast (radiators, east boilers, etc.).... 27.00 to 28.00 


2 ft. long) 15.50 to 16.50 


Scrap Iron, Chicago—The only transactions at present 

are for material to supply contracts. Prices wdiich 

Chicago dealers quote per gross ton are as follows: 

No. 1 Cast $22 00 io 23 00 

Machine Shop Turnings 8 to 8 50 

Cast Borings 10 50 to 11 00 

Slove Plate 23 00 to 23 50 

Grate Bars 16 50 to 17 00 

Railroad Malleable 19 50 to 20 00 

Agricultural Malleable 19 50 to 20 00 

Country Mixed 11 00 to 12 00 

No. 1 bushling 13 00 to 14 00 

Linseed Oil—In large quantities linseed oil has sold 

as low as 93 cents per gallon and the market still rules 

weak, with the range in small lots on 5 bbls. or less 

of $1.04 to $1.07. In less than 5 bbl. lots 3 cts. per 

gallon more is asked than for carload lots which can 

be had at 93 cts. to $1.02, and less than carloads at 

$1.00 to $1.07. A further advance of 2 cents is asked 

for boiled oil. 

Spirits of Turpentine.—-There have been fluctuations 

111 the price of turpentine without great volume of business 

and while it has been low as $1.10 a crallon in

November 19, 1920 P L U M B E R AND 

machine barrels in yard, it is now up again and has been 

above $1.20 but the present market price is $1.19. 

Rosin.—After rosin got down to $12.75 for 280 lb 

barrel the price for D grade rose to $12.95 and the 

wholesale price of common-to good strained is $13.25. 

Richardson & Boynton's New Bulletin 

The Richardson & Boynton Co. of 260 Fifth avenue. 

New York City, is issuing a new bulletin covering its 

line of "Perfect" ranges, for gas fuel only. This 

bulletin is very well illustrated, and contains the data 

on sizes, prices, etc., and can be used to advantage by 

plumbing contractors, selling this type of equipment. 

Copies can be had upon request to the manufacturer. 

New United States Radiator Catalogue 

The United States Radiator Corporation is issuing 

its new catalogue for the year 1920-1921, in which 

is completely illustrated the boilers, radiators, and 

specialties manufactured by that corporation. It also 

contains reference matter and engineering data of 

interest to designers of heating-systems. This catalogue 

can be had upon request to the manufacturers 

at Detroit, Mich. 

Large Donation to Hospital 

The H. W. Johns-Manville Co., Madison avenue and 

Forty-first street, New York City, has given $300,000 

towards the endowment fund of the new Fifth Avenue 

Hospital, New York City, which is soon to be erected 

at Fifth avenue and 106th street. This donation is 

the largest single one received to date. 

The new hospital is to be unique among the great 

hospitals of the metropolis in that it is to have no 

wards and every patient, who uses it, is to be provided 

with a private room. Patients of small means, 

who would ordinarily be placed in wards, will in this 

modern hospital be assured of privacy, as well a.s the 

best of treatment, at rates which they can afford. 

Drawings ^for New York Truck Space On 

November 18 

Drawings for the exhibitors space at thc High 

way Transportation Show to be held in New York 

City from January 3 to 8, -1921, will be made on 

November 18, 1920, at 8 o'clock p. m. at the offices 

of The Motor Truck Association of America, Inc., 

144 West Sixty-fifth street. 

The show will be held in two buildings—the 12th 

Regiment Armory, at Sixty-second street and Columbus 

avenue, 200 ft. off Broadway, and at the 

First Field Artillery'Armory, Sixty-eighth Street 

and Broadway. Each of these buildings has a floor 

space approximately 25,000 sq. ft. available for 

exhibits. 

Death of Matthew H. Nutter 

Matthew H. Nutter, a master plumber, steam fitter, 

stove dealer and hardware dealer of Pittsfield, Mass., 

died at his home in that city recently. He was a native 

of Pittsfield, 62 years old and was chairman of 

the board of education and prominent in civic affairs. 

He leaves a widow and seven children. 

STEAM FITTER 

Please mention PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER when you write 

/ 

/ 

cytJGEL 

1 

f 

1. i 

a 1 

r -: 

\ I 

**t 

7Q(G.1?I 

(^ PATENTED j^?-J ' " "" 

F 

ROST-PROOF 

CLOSETS 








such as the parage, back porch or yard. 

•*X_^_:_LJjiv FA " • You can meet this de- 

H >i£P^F~ Ajti n,CIIld v ith the VOGEL. 

^•^f * jjff It is simple to install. 

A j All ready assembled and 


\ No pit needed. 

- 

1 Ask your jobber or send 

% to us for catalogue. 

- '-tei 

W7 Jos. A. Vogel Co. 

J% Wilmington 

-.j£&0r Delaware 

Saves 2 to 3 Gallons ot 

Water on Eaeh Flushing 











Write today for catalog ot the Watrous line, whieh 

includes drinking fountains, flushing valves, urinals, 

self-closing cocks, liquid soap fixture.-, etc. 

THE IMPERIAL BRASS MFG. CO. 


4l/Am9uc 

\ml PLUMBING ^ 

ff FIXTURES , 1

P L U M B E R A N D S T E A M F I T T E R November 19, 1920 


Week Ending November 12, 1920 


LW—East Week (Shown by the Barometers) PW—Previous Week Y—Corresponding Week Last Year 1919—1919 Weekly average, taken as normal 

PW 

Hit 

LY- PW- 

i 

BUSINESS 

FAILURES 

(Dun's) 

(Number) 

LW 

PW 

LY 

1919 

250 

233 

126 

124 

PW- 

BUILDING FOOD TIME 

CONTRACTS PRICES MONEY 

(F. W. Dodge Co.) (Annalist) (90 days 

(In Millions) (Index No.) (Mixed) 

34* 

44* 

47* 

49 

tWeek ended Friday. 

243* 

238* 

281* 

296 

8% 

8% 

6!.% 

6'4% 

PW- 

LY 

i 

BANK DEMAND 

LOANS DEPOSITS 

(N. Y. Clearing (N. Y. Clearing 

House) House) 

(In Millions) (In Millions) 

5,316* 

5,372* 

5,382* 

5,012 

*One week earlier than other barometers. 

Summary of the Week's Developments 

Business activities continue to decline owing to 

demoralization caused by the sudden fall in commodity 

prices and the uncertainties which these declines 

aroused, says The Street of November 13. 

Commercial reports from Boston state that business 

is being done on a very light scale. New England 

mills and factories are curtailing production in textiles 

of all kinds. Reports from various centers state 

that footwear and leading staples are also being produced 

on a more limited scale. Retailers are preparing 

for a smaller Christmas trade than last year. 

The Boston wool market continues dull. The leather 

market and the building trades are quiet. There has 

been no important change in the business situation in 

the southern states. Distributions in the wholesale 

and retail trades are restricted. In some of the 

states a spell of unusual warm weather prevails and 

this was an additional factor in limiting buying for 

, the holiday trade. 

Commercial failures throughout the country this 

week numbered 233 as compared with 236 last week 

and 123 in the corresponding week a year ago. 

There was no change in the money situation, the 

rates varied between 9 and 10 per cent with a few 

quotations around 7. 

All the metal markets were dull. Reports from 

the iron and steel centers indicated that there was 

a cessation in price cutting which resulted in slightly 

increased sales for certain classes of iron and steel. 

There were no important features in the copper, 

4,086* 

4.122* 

4,236* 

4,051 

BANK 

CLEARINGS 


House) 

(In Millions) 

4,511* 

4,579* 

5.69S* 

4,506 

STOCK SALES 

(N. Y. Stock 

Exchange) 

(Thousands of 

Shares) 

6,433t 

3,S14t 

10,423t 

6,017 

BOND 

SALES 

(N. Y. Stock 

Exchange) 


75,571t 

67,873t 

81,493t 

72,523 

lead and zinc market excepting that it was rumored 

that a large electrical company was in the market 

for a large quantity of copper. An official of the 

company stated that the report was not accurate. The 

tin market was quiet. 

There was renewed liquidation in the cotton market. 

Toward the end of the week, pressing sales 

caused prices to decline sharply. The decline was 

started by a sudden weakness developing in the 

Liverpool market. The condition of the New York 

stock market, also, was an important factor contributing 

to the slump in cotton. There was a 

slight rally in the cotton market early in the week 

but later disappointing cables from Brazil led to 

steady liquidation and short selling. The market 

closed soft. The sugar market continues demoralized. 

The grain markets followed the actions of the 

other primary markets. All grain prices, as well as 

those of provisions, declined to new low levels for the 

year. 

The New York stock market was demoralized 

throughout the week. On the 11th, there was a 

slight rally, but selling pressure was so heavy that it 

could not hold, and prices kept weakening on larger 

daily sales as the week progressed. On the 12th the 

market broke badly and new low levels resulted. The 

decline was accounted for by rumors of commercial 

failures. The real cause, however, was the disturbance 

in the credit market due to the rapid decline in 

the commodity markets. 

The foreign exchange market was irregular as a 

result of the credit situation and the declines in 

commodity selling here and abroad.

PLUMBER and 

STEAM FITTE 

Vol. XCIV, No. 18 DECEMBER 3, 1920 $2.00 a Year 

Big Room for You to Get a Profit 

Plumbing and Steam Fitting Contractors in Th's Age of Intense Business 

Methods Can Well Scrutinize Progressive Moves Made in Every Part of 

Industrial Field—Therein Is Indication of the Best \ houghts and Ideas 

There is a reason for the Richardson & Boynton 

Co.'s show'room at Fifth avenue and Twenty-ninth 

street. It is put 

there to stimulate 

and create a deman 

d for the 

products of that 

company. The 

value of this particular 

showroom, 

or in fact any 

showroom, depends 

upon the 

results it effects 

in stimulating and 

creating a dem 

a n d for the 

products among 

the public who 

visit or see it. 

The result it 

effects depends 

largely on the degree 

its possibilities 

are understood 

and used 

by plumbing and 

steam fitting contractors. 

Its 

value can be increased 

by more 

intensive use. 

Therefore, to utilize 

the showroom 

to the utmost 

advantage, 

plumbing and 

steam fitting contractors 

can well 

examine its relation 

to increased 

profits and 

business for them. 

The normal 

effect which the 

showroom has in 

stimulating and creating demand for the general seeing 

and visiting public, for the boilers, tank heaters, radi 

ators and ranges, which the Richardson & Boynton Co. 

manufactures and shows in the windows and on the 

floor, is of a positive 

nature. Thousands 

of people 

pass the showroom 

each day. 

Hundreds are attracted 

to its windows. 

Many 

enter to examine 

more closely and 

to have explained 

the goods which 

are displayed. 

The value of 

this cannot be definitelydetermined, 

but there is 

no question but 

that it is of great 

advantage to both 

the manufacturers, 

the plumbing 

and steam fitting 

contractors. 

But—there are 

millions of people 

within a 

radius of 100 

miles wdio visit 

New York City 

from one to 

three hundred 

times each year. 

Thousands upon 

thousands of 

them are good 

prospects for 

boilers, tank heaters 

or ranges. 

Less than 1 per 

cent of these 

SECTION Ol? SHOWROOM, SHOWING RANGES AND BOILERS 

thousands visit 

many showrooms 

this or any of the 

maintaired by the manufacturers. 

Less than 1/100 of 1 per cent visit them on the mvita-

528 

tion of the plumbing and the steam fitting contractors. 

That may seem strange. There is a reason. Possibly 

you have wiped a joint, or at least you may have 

seen a joint wiped. The final work which makes the 

GARAGE HEATING UNIT IN FRONT WINDOW 

joint a good one, which gives it strength'and is therefore 

largely responsible for the satisfactory results of 

that joint, is done by the skilful handling of the wiping 

cloth. The wiping cloth in itself is impotent to explain 

how best it can be used, and dormant unless 

used. True, it has great possibilities of producing 

handsome and durable results when properly used. It 

even suggests its use to one mechanically inclined. 

There is the answer to the showroom. It can suggest. 

It cannot explain. Its results are dependent, as 

the wiping cloth, on knowledge, skill and use. 

As the apprentice practises with the cloth to perfect 

his skill in wiping, so must the plumbing and steam 

fitting contractor ever be on the alert to develop his 

skill in using all opportunities to make his business a 

profit producer. To overlook the showroom as one of 

those opportunities is like buying a railroad ticket and 

then walking to beat the railroad company. 

Large manufacturers are ever casting about to anticipate 

the needs of the public. That is as it should be; 

the manufacturer does not serve the plumbing and 

steam fitting contractor, and the contractor the public, 

although it may seem that way. The manufacturer 

tries to find out what the public needs, will need or 

buy. He makes the thing which he thinks will best 

serve those needs. True in many cases he sells it to 

the public through the plumbing and steam fitting contractor 

only, but that means just this: The plumbing 

and steam fitting contractor has a definite part to take 

in distributing goods to the public. That part is to 

sell goods to the public, to install and to maintain them. 

The manufacturer must dispose of his product to the 

public. The contractor is the channel through which 

P L U M B E R A N D STEAM FITTER December 3, 1920 

this is done. Their efforts should be co-operative. 

Either one not doing his full share, lays down on the 

job and causes a loss to both and also to the public. 

Therefore, the progressive spirit shown by the Richardson 

& Boynton Co. in establishing and maintaining 

its showroom on Fifth avenue, deserves the recognition 

of the plumbing and steam fitting contractors. The 

spot has been selected for the convenience of the public, 

expert salesmen are provided to support the contractor's 

efforts. The contractor can send his prospects there 

in full confidence of the location, display and reputation 

of the company adding to, rather than detracting from 

his prestige. 

The part of the contractor, in his natural business 

relation to the distribution of the product, is to have 

his prospect visit the showroom. To be sure, this can 

best be expedited by the manufacturer keeping the contractor 

posted on its contents, which fact clearly defines 

the reason why the plumbing and heating contractor 

should read the advertisements in his trade paper. There 

he can and will find the description of articles, and the 

location of places where he can and should send his 

prospects. 

The utmost confidence can be placed in reliable manufacturers 

by plumbing and steam fitting contractors. 

The manufacturers cannot afford to risk their reputations 

by ignoring or counteracting honest effort to dispose 

of their products. To bring out a new style range, 

that is to get it up to the point where the manufacturer 

HOUSE HEATING BOIEER DEMONSTRATING RICHARDSON 

& BOYNTON VACUUM SYSTEM EQUIPMENT 

can make them in quantities to sell, takes from 1 to 2 

years of hard labor. It requires the manufacturer expending 

from $10 to $100,000 for experimental work, 

testing and equipment. That labor and money are all 

expended by the manufacturer on his belief that the 

article which he is making will satisfy a public need, 


December 3. 1920 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 529 

Father Carries the Goal 

That Exasperates Mother with Heat 

Discomfort and Sapped Vitality Are No Longer Necessary as the Price to 

Be Paid for Hot Water—When Modern Appliances Afforded No Better 

Solution, Hot Water Produced by the Range Fire Was a Necessary Evil 

Through negligence or lack of information the routine 

of drafts includes coal the first thing in the morning and 

the last thing at night during the summer months to 

keep the range fire going only to supply hot water for 

household use. Every plumber is familiar with the 

sight of the housewife utterly uncomfortable through 

being subjected to the ordeal of doing the necessary 

SIMPLE, EFFICIENT, SAFE HELPS DAD, SAVES MOTHER 

KILLS WORK 

work in her kitchen when the kitchen range was sending 

out volumes of additional discomfort in the shape 

of heat, all of which was sapping the vitality of that 

housewife and transforming her work into kitchen drudgery. 

The housewife suffered in silence rather than 

not have hot water for family use. 

Strange, isn't it, why Dad continues to carry coal to 

exasperate Mother or forgets to carry and forces 

Mother to contribute to her own discomfort? More 

than that Dad has to pay for the coal too, and that 

comes high these days. When you think it over Dad is 

paying a mean trick on Mother, but he is not adding to 

his own comfort or subtracting any from his chores. He 

carries the coal and pays the bill. Why? In nearly 

every case it is because he does not know how easily it 

all could be avoided. He does not know of kerosene or 

gas water heaters. 

IF DAD ONLY KNEW 

That ignorance on the part of Dad makes it possible 

for the plumber to step in and tell him a few plain 

facts that he will be glad to know and will mean the sale 

of a heater, the work of installing and profits for the 

plumber. The live wire plumbers are doing this and 

collecting handsome profits. 

Kerosene and gas water heaters are perfected far beyond 

the experimental stage. They are a staple, safe 

and reliable article of merchandise. They do what they 

are built to do—heat water. More than that they do it 

economically, consistently and require but a small 

amount of attention. Once installed they are a constant 

source of satisfaction to the owner. 

There are thousands of homes where they are needed 

because there are thousands of homes where hot water 

is not to be had in the summer months because of the 

excessive heat given off by the kitchen range in heating 

it. There are other thousands of homes in wdiich the 

housewives are subjected to the unnecessary and exasperating 

heat rather than to go without hot water. 

Kerosene and gas water heaters make it absolutely 

unnecessary for the family to go without baths or the 

housewives to continue to subject themselves to this 

discomfort as the price of the convenience of hot water. 

This field opens up thousands of prospects for the 

plumber. It requires but small effort to make the sale. 

Useful data and information can be had from plenty 

of the manufacturers. Their installation is very simple 

and can be done by any first class mechanic. Kerosene 

or gas water heaters, properly installed, will make 

friends for the plumber installing them. Practically 

all of this business can be closed without entering competition. 

The profits therefrom will justify active effort. 

EASY TO SEEL 

The selling of water heaters requires no great effort 

or sales ability on the part of the plumber. Every 

prospect knows that installing the heater makes life 

more endurable for those of his family who are forced 

to spend part of their time in the kitchen preparing 

meals No question but that he knows all about the 

heat from that kitchen fire. He carries the coal in 

and the ashes out and gets all the complaint of thewomen 

folks. What he knows of that particular item 

does not make him the more comfortable or contented. 

The big thing is this, that he doesn't know how easily 

it all could be changed. He wants something to heat 

the water less the heat of the kitchen range but doesn t 

know that he could have it. Therefore the sale is easy. 

If a fellow has his mind made up that he absolutely 



Waiting Time Can Be Turned to Dollar Profits 

The Man Who Takes the Story of Them to the Occupants Brings Away the Order 

for Iheir Installation—He Doesn't Wait to Be Chased by the Long Felt Want 

No tradesman can escape having to wait for some If he has left the shop behind him at the end of the 

cause almost every day before he can go on with his day and cultivated some good reading and associated 

day's work. Do you spend that time profitably? It is with good people, he will be well prepared to take up 

good time for thinking. 

this selling job with people who are easy to get along 

Are there not a number of good hearted, well-to-do with and people who are difficult to approach. He will 

people all around vou who are getting along with the be successful with both classes of people. 

same old things which thev did years ago? Aren't He will be able to take his runabout out among the 

they in circumstances to surround themselves and fami farms and pre.ent his case just as acceptably to the 

lies with things that will allow them more ease than folks out there. He can stop along the road where a 

they now take? Isn't their very method of life calcu man comes out to the end of the row with a plow and 

lated to make it easy to show them what you can do is ready for a little chat and start things going in that 

that will greatly increase their comfort? 

way. 

There are now in the United States a number of suc 

DO YOU KNOW ALL THESE PROSPECTS? 

cessful business men who have paid less attention to 

Flave you made in your mind a list of these people 

their shops and the mere mechanical work in the recent 

and studied their lives, habits and requirements so as 

years than they have to going around and hunting places 

to know just exactly how to approach Tom or William, 

to sell their goods and keep their men employed install 

Sam or Andrew, and Rebecca or Jane, to he sure of 

ing them. They look upon this as more important 

getting a genial smile and an interested hearing to what 

than the personal superintendence of the work. 

you will have to say? What better use can you make 

of some time than in compiling this list of prospective 

customers and in preparing a campaign for their business 

that will be sure to end in an order. 

You can drop around some Monday morning when 

Mary in the midst of the hot suds and tell her that some 

time in the latter part of the week you want to tell 

her how she can cut out all that hard work and make 

the laundry work or wash day an entirely different sort 

of experience. She is too busy then to hear anything 

more than the mere statement but will be glad wdien the 

ironing is over and the mid-week's work has been completed 

and she is doing the darning or mending, to give 

you some attention. Then you can show her how by 

installing a water supply outfit she can have hot and 

cold water, not only in tbe kitchen but in the bathroom 

with all of the modern equipment and a modern laundry, 

with an electric washing machine to do all the drudgery, 

so that there is mighty little to except to put the clothes 

in and out and hang them out on the line. 

When you show her the pictures of several different 

styles, she will be as interested as a child. When you 

tell her that you have looked them all over and this is 

the best kind, that you have put one in for Mrs. Brown, 

Mrs. Smith, Mrs. Jones and out on Samantha's farm, 

where with all of the dairymen, wash day is no longer 

a burden to the women folks, she will commence to 

think that the whole thing is well worth consideration. 

BY TRAINING YOU ARE FITTED 

Through early training and skill as mechanics the 

are especially well qualified to see that their customers 

get the character of service which they need. This 

is the character of service which manufacturers are 

only too glad to see their customers getting. 

Manufacturers are then ready to furnish advertising 

matter and are eager to render such help as they and 

SALES EEFORT GETS BUSINESS 

That is the character of salesmanship which, when 

pushed puts sales across. It puts the heater in the 

cellar to heat the whole building, puts the water sup 

ply outfit alongside of it that will also make electricity 

for lighting the home and as well as pumping the water 

so that a modern plumbing system can be enjoyed. 

And it paves the way for folks, who are at the time of 

life when comfort is important, for providing themselves 

with conveniences that insure the comfort. 

If the young man who grew up in the community 

and is now in business for himself shows by his dress 

and general appearance that he is comfortable, he will 

make the other people feel comfortable in his presence. 

THEY LISTEN BECAUSE YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE 

TALKING ABOUT 

their salesmen may to men of this type. This sale 

paign can be greatly aided if, when the time of waiting 

is used for thinking and preparing a list so that to this 

list circulars from the manufacturers of bath tubs, of 

heaters, of washers, and of water supply systems, can 

be mailed from time to time so as to keep the folks informed 

of what you have been discussing with them 

and what you want them to know about. Then when 

these lists are made if you can call attention to the 

installations you have made for some of their neighbors


and the satisfaction that they have received from what 

you have done, there is a certainty that as time goes 

on business will be coming your way. 

Picking out this kind of trade enables you to pick 

out the kind of people wdio are well-to-do and who can 

afford to buy the best things and who, when the work 

is completed, can settle without keeping you for months 

without your money. They will settle so that you can 

discount your bills and make the extra profit. 

The man who is selling a large amount of stuff and 

discounting his bills is the man who is sure to secure 

SPEND THE ODD MOMENTS PLANNING 

favors from both salesmen and manufacturers. When 

goods are scarce in the market, the shipments to them 

will be hurried along. They will get favors that seem 

impossible They will have nothing to complain about 

when their fellow tradesmen are lamenting that they 

can't get goods to do work for which they have orders. 

There is the point to be realized. In the present 

situation, that is a sharper prod than ever in tbe past 

and there are an immense number of homes with utterly 

out-of-date equipment. The man who is a fair mechanic 

can better than anybody else see what can be done and 

how to do it and consequently can present the case to 

those most interested in the most convincing way. He 

can point out changes which are absolutely essential 

to be made at an early date. He can fit those changes 

to the poeketbook of the owner. 

This type of service earns a handsome profit, and 

adds to the prestige of the shop pushing it. It earns for 

him the reputation of being a live wire. 

Work Hard—Think Hard—Now 

Nobody writes a letter or a story these days without 

getting in a remark or two on the difficulty experienced 

in living. Looks as if the world had depreciated about 

50 per cent in common sense and energy as the result 

of the war. Now we ought to begin catching up. 

The best way to begin is to muster all the philosophy 

one is gifted with and settle down to get the best of 

what is going and to give the best of which he is 

capable. 

For instance, service. Our business is one that is 

built up on service more than any other. Our success 

depends upon the quality of service we are able to 

offer and flourishes exactly in proportion. Average 

business men have found themselves, perhaps unconsciously, 

buying from houses with whom they did little 

or no business before. Why? Because the fine, jovial 

fellows who used to get their orders have fallen down 

in service. They have found their organizations unable 

to keep pace with the demand for their lines or have 

been satisfied to let their former friends and customers 

suffer loss and inconvenience because it has been a hard 

and nerve racking job to find goods to supply needs. 

Other men, with less personal charm but better balance 

and more pep have hustled and worried and 

worked to fill every order coming to them or have made 

it obvious that their inability to fill it has grieved and 

pained them inexpressibly. At least they have shown 

a real desire to give service while the man who, because 

of the past business relations ought to have strained 

every nerve and sinew to keep his friends, was satisfied 

to lie down and enjoy the easier way. He picked what 

he could and let the rest go. If ever times come back 

to what we consider normal, what a hustle that man 

will have to put on to earn a living. 

Let us profit by our own experience and work and 

think hard now. It will show whether we are competent 

to give service or merely to fill an order when it 

1s convenient to do so. Now is the time to serve. 

Big Room for You Get a Profit 


that he can sell enough of them to return the original 

investment at a reasonable profit. 

With that amount at stake, he cannot afford to use 

crooked business methods. He knows his products must 

be right, his treatment of the plumbing and steam fitting 

contractor must be right, his treatment of the 

public must be right. That is the basis of all good 

business. 

Therefore, he takes no risks in that direction. This 

assures that each contractor sending prospects will have 

such prospects treated courteously and all facts relative 

to such visit kept strictly confidential between the 

manufacturer and the contractor. 

Closer co-operation between the manufacturer and 

the contractor is necessary to best results for all. Disregard 

of the progressive efforts of either one by the 

other by just that much reduces the value of that effort. 

A team that pulls together can easily move the load 

which balks every effort of either one alternatively 

straining at with every ounce of power of which they 

are capable. Manufacturers, plumbing and steam fitting 

contractors cannot expect proper progress of industry, 

satisfactory or just returns for their efforts, if 

they disregard that fact. 

There is expense attached to the maintenance of showrooms. 

Its proportionate relation to the material sold 

is so small that it justifies maintenance. Intensive ' se 

of a sales room will not materially add to that cost, but 

it will insure a greater satisfaction to customer^ and increase 

profits for the plumbing and steam fitti ig contractor. 

It is easy, logical. 

Big business men do not attemp* to do everything 

themselves. They get things don. by planning to have 

other people do thein. That : . where the showroom 

can be made a factor in your profits. You plan to get 

prospects to visit it. You get action on that plan by telling 

prospects what is there, and inviting them to see it. 

You use the sales room force to do your selling. You 

get the profit while the other fellow is selling for you. 

The time saved can be turned to more profit in many 

ways. That is bullseye business. It is good business. 

It stamps you as a live wire. What is more, it puts 

the little iron men in your pocket. It is brain money. 

Plumbing and steam fitting contractors are not shy of 

brains. Use yours a little on intensive use of the show 

rooms. You will be pleased with the results.

532 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER December 3. 1920 

Disapproval of Trade Term " Wrought Pipe" 

Executive Committee of National Pipe and Supplies Association Recommends 

Nomenclature Conforming with Specifications of American Society 

for Testing Materials Covering Welded Steel and Wrought Iron Pipe 

When the pipe maker takes a length of steel skelp 

and a length of wrought iron skelp, and forms them into 

pipe, he performs exactly the same operation on both 

materials, i. e., he bends them into tubular shape and 

welds the edges. Quite correctly, therefore, the American 

Society for Testing Materials in its Specifications 

uses the word "welded" in conjunction with both 

wrought iron and steel pipe made by the processes of 

welding, as distinguished from pipe made by othef 

processes, such as seamless pipe and cast pipe of iron, 

steel, brass or other metals. 

This is apropos the trade term "wrought pipe'' to 

which considerable opposition has developed on the part 

of architects, engineers, consumers and manufacturers 

of pipe who desire to eliminate the present confusing 

trade terms. 

Probably some 30 years ago, after the introduction of 

welded steel pipe, the term "wrought pipe" or "wrought 

steel pipe" was coined by steel pipe manufacturers; this 

term gradually came into use by dealers and jobbers; 

thus steel pipe would be billed and listed as "wrought 

pipe." 

term for both kinds of pipe impossible of misinterpretation. 

As a result, George D. Mcllvane, secretary treasurer 

of the National Pipe and Supplies' Association, 

has sent out letters announcing the adoption of the following 

resolution by the Executive Committee and Advisory 

Board, at its fall meeting, held in New York on 

Thursday, November 11. 

THE RESOLUTION ADOPTED RECENTLY 

WHEREAS, the distributors of Pipe for many years used 

terms to designate the various types and makes of pipe that 

have not been truly descriptive of same, and 

WHEREAS, it is the desire of this association to cooperate 

in every way with the manufacturers in the development 

of trade practices and customs of accepted merit, and 

which will be fair and- intelligible to the manufacturer, distributor 

and public alike. 

IT IS HEREBY RESOLVED by the officers and members 

of the Executive Committee and Advisory Board of the 

National Pipe and Supplies Association in its fall meeting, 

held in New York City on Thursday, November 11, that 

AVERAGE CONSUMER OFTEN UNFAMILIAR WITH 

it is their judgment that the terms employed by the American 

Society for Testing Materials in differentiating between Iron 

and Steel Pipe, viz: 

(a) Welded Wrought Iron Pipe 

TRADE NAME 

(b) Welded Steel Pipe 

should be accepted and adhered to by the distributors of both 

The average consumer of pipe, not acquainted with Iron and Steel Pipe, this being in the interest of the manu 

this "trade name" frequently labors under the impresfacturers of the Pipe, those who distribute it, and those who 

sion that it means wrought iron pipe. In fact, the names, use it, each being entitled to know clearly and without doubt 

being so much alike, have led to the term "wrought iron the make and quality of the Pipe involved in the transaction. 

pipe" by the jobbers and contractors being interpreted This step should result in the term "Welded Pipe" 

as meaning steel pipe, defying architects' and engineers' being applied when both wrought iron and steel pipe are 

specifications and resulting in endless confusion. referred to, and that the latter two terms alone, namely 

Thus, contractors in specific cases, where they must "wrought iron pipe" on the one hand and "steel pipe" on 

have known positively that the term "wrought iron pipe" the other hand, be used and interpreted respectively to 

in architects' and engineers' specifications was intended mean exactly what these terms imply. Thus, "wrought 

to mean wrought iron and not steel pipe, have installed iron pipe" will mean only pipe which is made from 

steel pipe and been able to escape responsibility in law genuine puddled wrought iron, and "steel pipe" will be 

suits on the plea that "wrought iron" pipe is a trade term used exclusively to designate pipe made of soft Besse 

meaning either wrought iron or steel pipe, as distinmer or Open Hearth steel. 

guished from cast iron pipe. Quite in keeping with this 

objectionable "trade practice" a supply association, innocent 

of any unfair intent, recently published the fol 

Plumbers Plan Buyers' Organization 

lowing Trade Custom: 

"Wrought iron pipe is a term used to distinguish 

wrought from cast pipe. It is construed to mean merchant 

pipe and is generally made from soft steel. Persons 

desiring to obtain pipes made from puddled iron 

must designate genuine wrought iron pipe, for which an 

extra charge is made." 

The Master Plumbers' Association at Omaha, Neb., 

planning to form an organization to purchase plumbing 

supplies direct from eastern manufacturers, according to 

Secretary A. B. Cunningham. 

In regard to this movement on the part of the master 

plumbers, E. W. Knapp, manager for the Crane Co., at 

Omaha, states: "We are able to meet whatever demand 

CLARIFYING SO-CALLED TRADE NAMES 

exists, and there is nothing in the statement that there is 

a holding back for fear of a drop in prices." 

Subsequently, the manufacturers of wrought iron This is done it is said, because the master plumbers 

pipe, actively aided by the American Institute of Archi believe they have been unable to go ahead with some 

tects, took up with the Supply Associations the matter jobs because of the inability of local jobbers to supply 

of clarifying these so-called trade names, suggesting certain materials.- '• 

instead names that would ultimately result in eliminating "We have been held up in our operations in many in 

all confusion of puddled wrought iron with pipe made stances," states Mr. Cunningham, "because jobbers here, 

from soft steel. 

for some reason have been unable to supply the neces 

Jt was argued that trade names which concealed the sary materials. The impression exists that jobbers have 

truth are misleading, even to buyers who are supposed been afraid to make large orders for fear of a drop in 

vto>,be well informed, and that the substitution of the prices. The plumbers' plan is to buy on a large scale 

word "welded" for "wrought" would create a common so that they can get something done." • ' ,, -,- j



Solving a Factory Wash Room Problem 

Showing a Simple and Efficient Factory Shower and Toilet Room 

and Methods Employed to Protect It Against Frost in Winter 

Although the work of a small town combination shop 

runs along rather humdrum lines from month to month, 

occasionally a job of some interest comes along to liven 

things up. Among such is the one I am about to describe. 

It came up because of an urgent need for additional 

manufacturing space in a local factory and inability 

L.IN. E_. STEAM 

y^WATEe HEATER 

.COLD WATER. 

FEE.C 

-HOT WATEE. 

veNT 

THRU ROORj 

TOILET i WASH 

uoo M 

5INK3 

-DRAIN 

5HOWEE 

^-PEAir.5 

FLOOE 

534 P L U M B E R A N D S T E A M F I T T E R December 3. 1920 

Reputation Doesn't Happen—It Is Built 

Utica Plumhers Launch Trade Extension Bureau "Campaign of Knowledge"— 

Much Enthusiasm and a Grim Determination to Learn Thoroughly the A. B. C's 

of Modern Business Methods Shown—Professor Morehouse's Lecture Should 

Be Given Wide Publicity—It Is a Reputation Builder, Based on Facts 

The lecture embracing all essential facts and figures 

of the talk prepared by the National Trade Extension 

Bureau, as delivered by Professor Russel Morehouse, 

of Clinton High School, to the plumbers of Oneida, 

Rome, Little Falls, Dolgeville and Herkimer, vvill have 

a marked affect for the good of the industry in that 

territory. It can well be imitated. 

Professor Morehouse in prefacing his lecture said 

that he believed in the practical kind of education which 

supplies a good foundation for advancement and gives 

a training which permits escape from a dull, monotonous 

daily grind. He said in part: 

COMBAT THE CRITIC 

The plumbing and heating contractor has been so frequently 

made the subject of jest, cartoon and adverse 

criticism that the impression has been left in the minds 

of the average customer that a plumber's bill is a shining 

example of inflation and exhorbitant charges. It is wise, 

therefore, for you to have at your tongue's end, sufficient 

information to combat the critic who would tear 

down your business and who would make you appear 

as a highwayman to your friends and the public, and to 

correct the erroneous concept which has developed almost 

into a prejudice to your craft. 

Your critics lose sight of the service you are undeniably 

rendering society. They fail to give due consideration 

to the magnitude of the role you are playing 

in providing for the comforts of life and in safeguarding 

and protecting health. They forget that 50 years 

ago the bathroom and radiator heating were only in the 

homes of the wealthy and that these were in their crudest 

forms. They fail to appreciate that you are directly 

responsible for the extensive and general improvement 

along this line. 

PEOPLE WOULD NOT DO WITHOUT MODERN SANITARY 

EQUIPMENT 

To-day you bring to the home much comfort, health, 

cleanliness and even elegance at a cost one tenth as great 

as our forefathers would have paid. To-day our people 

would not do without modern plumbing and heating for 

ten times the present cost. 

It is, then, an undisputed fact that the sanitary equipment 

of the home renders a life-long service to all the 

members of the household—a service which cannot be 

dispensed with and still retain the health of its members. 

Your work renders a higher quality of service than do 

the other furnishings of the home. These, it is true, 

contribute to style, display and comfort, yet they are 

only short lived, and do not measure up with your disease 

preventive service and comfort giving material and 

workmanship. 

SUBSTANTIAL RETURN ON INVESTMENT 

When the thinking person measures the nature of the 

service, the period of the service, the cost and maintenance 

of the equipment in and about American public 

buildings, homes, apartments, in full fairness to you he 

is bound to admit that sanitary plumbing and efficient 

heating and ventilating return the owner far more on 

his investment than any other equipment he can install. 

In spite of this unassailable fact, your business operations 

do not furnish your industry any such profits as 

have been enjoyed by other business enterprises providing 

other equipment. Your industry has not amassed 

wealth as has the banker, doctor and innumerable other 

lines of commercial endeavor which have rendered the 

huying public no greater service than has the heating 

and plumbing contractor. 

As an introduction to this subject of comparative 

profits, it would, perhaps, be wise for me to briefly 

discuss just of wdiat profit consists. 

Profit is not interest on an investment. Profit is not 

a salary received for managing a business enterprise. 

Profit is not the money made working with tools or acting 

as foremen or superintendent. All of these are items 

which the proprietor of an establishment should properly 

receive as the manager or a worker in his own 

business. 

WHAT PROFIT IS 

Profit can only be the owner's final net return for the 

risks taken in providing for the wants of his customers 

and the community. There is no profit until money is 

made over and above all the recognized costs of operation. 

The speaker quoted a number of statistics to show 

that profits made in this business were less than those 

made last year in other lines of business, and said that 

therefore, when a fair comparison is made of gross 

profits, the fact comes out beyond dispute that the public 

pays as little or less for these elements, when buying 

your services, as they do when buying shoes, dry goods 

and the like. 

Piping Contractors 

The purpose of looking into the future and discussing 

the matter with those who are mostly deeply interested 

brought not only the officers and directors of the Heating 

and Piping Contractors' National Association to 

New York City, but also the secretaries of the local 

associations and the headquarters at 50 Union square 

were busy on November 15 and 16. 

President J. E. Rutzler was supported by Vice-president 

N. Loring Danforth and the members of the board 

from the East. The Secretaries' association was also 

well represented by its membership and its meeting was 

presided over by C. W. Sisson of Boston. Many things 

that will have an effect on the business of next year 

were discussed and recommendations were made f hat 

will be taken home to the local association for consideration 

and action. 

The members on the evening of November 15 attended 

the dinner party and meeting of the New York 

Chapter of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating 

Engineers.


PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 535 

John A. Murray Company Incorporates 

This Company, Johhers of Sleani and Gas Supplies, 

to Re-Organize and Incorporate December 31, 1920 

Arrangements are being made for the re-organization 

and incorporation of the John A. Murray Co., 310 W'e. t 

Thirty-ninth streel. New York City, on December 31, 

1920, John A. Murray. Jr., entering tlie incorporation 

ORIGINAL QUARTERS OF 

COMPANY IN 1898 

VV H E1. E C O M P A N Y WAS 

LOCATED FROM 1901-1909 

as vice-president and taking active part in the management 

of the business. 

John A. Murray, Sr., probably the oldest plumbing 

supply man in the city and widely known as the dean 

of city plunibing jobbers, will retain his touch with the 

industry by virtue of being president of the new incorporation. 

However, part of his time will be spent in 

the interest of the Commonwealth Savings Bank, 2007 

BUILDING AT ('RESENT OCCUPIED BY THE COMPANY 

Amsterdam avenue. New York City, of which institution 

he has been chosen president. . 

The incorporation will be known as the John A. 

Murray & Co., Incorporated, officered as follows: President, 

John A. Murray, Sr.; vice-president, John A. Mur 

ray, Jr.; treasurer, J. VV. Tilton; secretary, Joseph M. 

Murray; general manager, \\ il.iam Al. Murray. 

The John A. Murray Co. for years has been known 

to the trade as the "House of Reliability." the growth 

ot its business is indicated by the various quarters it 

has occupied. The hrst picture shows the original 

quarters, occupied when the business was established 

in 1898, located at 114 West Thirty-fourth street. In 

1901 the volume of business forced the firm to seek 

larger quarters whicli were found at 025-27 Sixth avenue, 

shown in second picture and occupied from 1901- 

1909. At that time still larger quarters were necessary, 

and the move was made to 310-12 West Thirty-ninth 

street, the present home of the company. 

John A. Murray. Sr.. has for years been active in the 

plumbing industry. He has been president of the Eastern 

Supply Association, its representative to the United 

JOHN A. MURRAY, SR. 

States Chamber of Commerce, a member of the Xational 

Committee of Federated Supply Associations, instrumental 

in forming the Plumbing Supply Association 

and the Greater Xew York Association of Jobbers, 

and always active and constructive in the best 

interests of the industry. His business policy founded 

on strict honesty and fair dealing, has been progressive; 

the success won, merited. 

John A. Murray, Jr., brings to the new incorporation 

youth, ambition and thorough business training, 

together with the high qualities of manhood that distinguish 

this father. This added to the keen, balanced business 

ability of J. W. Tilton, and the expert purchasing 

and managing ability of William M. Murray, assures 

continuation of old policy of reliability plus service.


Abuse Versus the Use of Motor Truck 

BY W. A. MAHON 

It Is Abuse Rather Than Use of Motor Trucks That Causes High 

Up-Keep and Maintenance Cost—Errors of Omission Are as 

Serious as Errors of Commission—Therefore Truck Drivers Should 

Re Required to Pass an Examination Which Will Definitely 

Determine Their Knowledge of Motor Trucks and Their Use 

A motor truck, contrary to ideas held by many truck 

owners, is not a "super-vehicle," which will run for 

eternity if the gas tank is only kept full, and if it is 

driven so as to avoid telephone poles, other vehicles, 

railroad trains and such other obstructions as may 

offer resistance to its passage. The average owner, 

after buying his truck immediately decides to operate 

said truck as cheaply as possible and so hires the driver 

who will work for him at the lowest figure. And 

thereby hangs a tale. 

Some time ago one of our dealers sold two \y> ton 

trucks to a lumber retailer. The work performed by 

the two trucks was identical and their mileages at the 

end of the year were practically the same, yet the cost 

of operation of one truck was just twice that of the 

other. Explanation? Easy. 

Any piece of machinery, trucks included, needs careful 

attention if it is to operate efficiently. This care, 

in the case of the motor truck must be given by the 

driver, and neglect or poor care will invariably cause 

the truck to give poor service and increase its cost of 

operation. 

Truck abuses on the part of the driver may be divided 

into two classes—errors of omission and errors of commission. 

Unlike the manager of a baseball team who 

remarked that he could forgive errors of commission 

but could never forgive errors of omission, we have 

found that abuses of either class are equally harmful to 

the truck. Abuses of commission include the following 

important items. Over-speeding; over-loading; 

reckless driving and tire abuse. 

ENEMIES OF THE MOTOR TRUCK 

Overloading is undoubtedly one of the worst enemies 

of efficient motor truck operation. Motor trucks of different 

makes and designs are built with certain factors 

of safety. This factor of safety is designed to take 

care of an occasional overload, but constant overloading 

will cut down the life of the truck immeasurably. 

Springs, axles, frames and in fact every part of tlie 

truck is injured severely by constant overloading and 

while the immediate results mav sometimes seem to 

justify overloading, we have found that in the long run, 

the man who overloads always pays for it manv times 

over in the end. A careful driver can check this thing 

of overloading and if he is the proper man for the 

place, he will see to it that his truck does not carry a 

load which will eventually break its back. 

Overspeeding is another very common abuse. This 

abuse applies more particularly to trucks equipped with 

solid tires than to trucks running on pneumatics. Overspeeding 

magnifies all strains, jars, jolts, etc., which 

the truck may encounter and without a doubt is also 

the cause of the majority of motor truck accidents. 

Manufacturers are in the habit of equipping their 

trucks with automatic governors which regulate the 

maximum speed at which the truck can be driven. A 

reckless driver, however, can easily put said governor 

out of action and the expensive piece of machinery 

which he is handling might then be said to be in the 

hands of the God of Chance. Careful driving is in a 

large measure included in the subject of overspeeding 

but it also includes several other factors which that 

topic does not include. Careful driving in crowded 

traffic will be found to save a good deal of money as 

will careful driving over rough roads and in fact any 

place where bad running conditions are encountered. 

A good truck driver will usually secure twice the 

mileage from a set of tires than a poor driver will and 

as we all know, truck tires whether solid or pneumatics 

cost real money. Overloading and over-speeding both 

have serious effects on tires. Driving in car tracks, 

driving too close to the curb or spinning the wheels 

on slippery pavements all are abuses which can be 

overcome by the good truck driver. 

ERRORS OF OMISSION 

The other series of abuses, those of omission, are so 

many in number that it will be impossible to go into 

them all in this article. The main ones, however, will 

be mentioned. 

First and most important of all abuses of omission 

is the failure to properly lubricate the truck chassis as 

a whole. Every point in a good truck chassis which is 

designed to withstand wear is provided with some 

method of lubrication whether it be the transmission, 

the motor, a spring shackle or other parts. It is designed 

so that a lubricant can be introduced at the poin + 

where the wear occurs. Failure to properly lubricate 

these points has cost truck owners more money probably 

than any other one thing. 

It is a dirty, greasy, grimy job to go over a truck 

chassis and turn up all of the grease cups or in the case 

of the most up-to-date trucks, lubricate with a special 

grease gun and the poor driver will pass up such a job. 

The good driver on the other hand will once a week 

carefully lubricate each point which is indicated on the 

chassis lubrication chart furnished by the manufacturer 

and will undoubtedly put years of life onto his motor 

truck. 

IMPORTANCE OF CHASSIS LUBRICATION 

Truck companies have for years endeavored to educate 

truck drivers in the importance of chassis lubrication. 

We, ourselves have spent a good many.thousand 

dollars along these lines and this year are equipping 

all of our trucks with the above mentioned pressure 

grease gun in order to make it an easier job to lubricate. 

Transmission and axh be inspected ever so 

often and heavy transmi i il should be poured in 

if needed. As to the mot - one realizes, I think. 

that infinite damage can • if the motor is run



without this necessary item. Cylinders can be scored 

bearings burnt out and in fact an engine can be completely 

ruined in a few minutes if proper attention is 

not given to the supply of oil. 

Brake adjustments should be inspected by the driver 

every morning. Hundreds and thousands of truck accidents 

occur on account of faulty brakes and the °-ood 

driver is very careful in regard to them. The poor 

driver on the other hand who goes on the theory of 

"good enough to get by" will without a doubt have a 

serious accident in time because he could not stop his 

truck soon enough. 

Much abuse is given to trucks because the small 

simple repairs which the driver can make are not made. 

Just the other day vve had a case of a truck owned by a 

bottling company hitting a depression in the road with 

a sudden jar which threw the body containing hundreds 

of dollars' worth of goods off and ruined most of it. 

This accident was caused because the clips holding the 

body to the frame had worn through and when the sudden 

jar was encountered, the body was thrown off. 

Renewal of these clips when the wear first started 

wpuld have avoided this accident and the careful driver 

would have seen the situation before the trouble occurred. 

There are hundreds of similar examples which 

we might mention and hundreds of points in the truck 

which should be looked at periodically. 

FAULTY ADJUSTMENTS A SOURCE OF HARM 

Truck engines are harmed many times on account of 

faulty carburetor adjustment. The poor truck driver 

will keep his truck running as long as it will turn a 

wheel while the careful truck driver will remedy faulty 

adjustment as soon as it comes to his notice and will 

undoubtedly save his employer large sums of money in 

the course of a year. 

Periodical washing and painting of the truck will go 

a long way towards keeping the truck in first class 

running condition. In the first place it gives the driver 

a sense of pride in his truck and in the second place it 

removes dirt and grease which will cover up parts where 

trouble may occur. 

DRIVERS SHOULD BE EXAMINED 

In order to guard against employing incompetent 

drivers, we have a very definite theory which vve believe 

will work out to advantage of all truck owners. We 

would suggest that when a truck driver applies for 

work, he be required to pass an examination covering 

the above points and which will conclusively show him 

to either possess sufficient knowdedge to overcome these 

points or will show him to be absolutely incompetent. 

A series of ten questions can easily be compiled covering 

the above points and we would like to see nothing 

better than the habit of giving such an examination to 

truck drivers becoming the regular thing whenever a 

driver is hired. 

Additional Meet of New England Golfers 

Owing to exceptional weather conditions, an additional 

meeting of the Xew England Metal Products 

Golf Association was held at the Wollaston Golf Club, 

Wollaston, Mass., after the official close of the association's 

tournaments. 

Sixteen of the members were present and Secretary 

J. S. Nicholl of the association, treasurer of the River 

537 

side Boiler \\ orks of Cambridge, Mass., took first prize 

at the morning play and C. A. Pastene similar honors 

in the afternoon match. Eighteen hole medal play was 

the order of the day. 

New Jersey Plumbing Executives in Plainfield 

The campaign of the two "Bills" in Xew Tersev to 

get 1000 members in the Master I'lumbers' Association 

before the next convention, was the occasion for the 

meeting of the executive officers in the state association 

in Plainfield, X. J., on Thursday, Xovember 18. 

Among those present were President William A 

Snudden, Vice-president S. T. Fredericks, Vice-president 

Frank Fell, Treasurer George Werner, Secretary 

Walter A. Grub, and Directors William Chestnut, 

William Delhagen, J. J. Corcoran, Joseph A. Sproul, 

William Kreuger and State Organizer William F. Beck! 

President Snudden met State Organizer Beck and 

Frank K. Chew in Orange, and motored over to Plainfield, 

visiting a number of the shops which were not affil- 

STATE ORGANIZER 

WILLIAM F. BECK 

_ 1 

j^ •-• ., -*St-y. 

•' / " ^ 

• -•'• 

NATIONAL DIRECTOR 

HARRY J. FARREL 

iated with the association and secured promises for new 

members. 

President Philip Jahn, Secretary E. Anander and 

Treasurer H. Winn of the Plainfield association with 

Xational Director Harry J. Farrel were also in attendance. 

After the business session of the afternoon, the Plainfield 

association entertained the party at dinner at the 

Elks Club, and in the evening, the Plainfield association 

met and after disposing of some business, President 

Jahn introduced State President William A. Snudden, 

who thanked the members for the 16 members toward 

the 1000 members wanted, and complimented them on 

their fine city, which should support a good association. 

William F. Beck complimented them on coming into 

the state and national organizations, explained the advantage 

to membership through service that was being 

rendered by the Xational Trade Extension Bureau and 

advised them to take up with its advice and become 

merchant plumbers so as to secure confidence and advised 

co-operation rather than competition. 

Vice-presidents Frederick and Fell, Ex-president William 

Chestnut, State Secretary Grub, Past State Secretary 

Joseph A. Durr, William Krueger, George H. Werner, 

J. J. Corcoran, William Delhagen and Frank K. 

Chew also spoke. 

After general discussion and expressions of enthusiasm, 

the meeting adjourned.

538 PLUMBERAND 

EDITORIAL 

Prove Your Merit by Meeting the Emergency 

Steam fitters and heating contractors have the opportunity 

of proving their mettle and the worth of their 

service by facing squarely the burden imposed on tbeir 

customers by the present high price of coal. They 

should face this situation with determination to use 

their every effort to combat it for the benefit of those 

customers. It is their duty to do so. Answer to 

the present high price of coal is not production in 

larger volume but rather economy of consumption. 

Xo one is more conversant with the many things 

which affect the efficiency of heating apparatus than 

the steam fitter or heating contractor, the insulating 

properties of dust, scale and rust, the improper combustion 

due to dirty flues, clogged chimneys, broken 

doors and frames, defective dampers and warped 

grates, and all matters of which they learn by practical 

experience. Xow is the time when that information 

should be placed at the disposal of the public. 

It will materially lighten the burden of the high price 

of coal. Don't make it necessary for the householder 

to think of his heating apparatus. Make 

inspections yourself wherever possible. Preach clean 

overhauled boilers for heating officiency in your ads. 

Keep talking it to your customers. Prove^ to them 

how it will affect their pocketbooks and comfort. 

Effort spent in this direction will produce gratifying 

results for all. Thus discharging your duty you will 

have a stronger hold on both your friends and your 

neighbors. 

National Regulations 

There has been ample vindication of the judgment of 

those who favored a state plumbing department and a 

state inspector of plumbing, notwithstanding that but 

20 years ago few people believed there would be anv 

benefit in it and many were strongly opposed to the 

experiment. For some years there has heen a movement 

toward a national plumbing code and there are 

yet in the ranks of practical sanitarians many who have 

an idea that it is a fool notion and that a national code 

could not apply all over as conditions in different places 

would vary so much that the adaptibility would be impossible. 

But as the state department has vindicated 

itself so there is a certainty in the opinion of some that 

a national code, a national department and a nationalization 

of the methods of installing sanitary systems 

would be as practicable. It may be that those who are 

working for it show better judgment in their attempt 

STEAM FITTER December 3, 1920 

COMMENT 

to secure it than those who are opposing it show in the 

narrow minded, selfish and sometimes mercenary ideas 

back of their opposition to such a movement or accomplishment. 

There is no question that many of the 

problems that come up periodically in different sections 

would never arise if the whole country were under the 

supervision and jurisdiction of a department in the Government 

similar to that which now exercises in a large 

measure a supervision over conditions of health. 

Re a Plugger 

The plugger is the fellow- who is not afraid to work 

for what he wants. To be sure, he wants to know the 

"why" of things. He is a thinker, therefore, analyzes 

his daily problems, so that he does not have to do unnecessary 

work. He is appreciative of his own ability 

and has a keen realization that his personal ability is 

unlimited, but never letting mere work stand in the 

way of any opportunity to broaden his vision. He 

looks and plans for the future. I'lug, do not be satisfied 

with, just merely skinning through or just getting by. 

That trait distinguishes the ordinary individual who 

never gets any where. He is uninteresting and a bore. 

He is in a rut, and the rut is the same as a grave, 

only it is not quite so deep. Be sure to keep out of 

the rut. 

Business Will Be Good, Plan for Your Share 

Now 

The Eastern Supply Association Bulletin for Xovember 

12, 1920, contains the information that during 1919, 

there were 300,000 more phonographs sold than bathtubs 

; about 400,000 more heating stoves and about 

240,000 more player pianos. Those figures signify that 

the manufacturers and dealers in phonographs, stoves 

and player-pianos displayed more selling pep than 

plumbers. While lhat is bad in one way, it is good in 

another. The phonograph, stove and piano fields are 

pretty well worked, the plumbing field is barely 

scratched. This is just another indication that the 

plumbing and heating industry business will soon enter 

a long spell of busy activity. Xow is the time to start 

getting your share of this business. Locate the thi;igs 

which you can sell the public, learn the important facts 

about them, their use and maintenance. Post your 

prospect on them. Get the information about your 

hue of goods to the prospects while they are still making 

up their minds what they want. That is a sure method 

of getting your share of this business.

December 3, 1920 P L U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER 539 




Imperfect Range Conditions 

From F. N. P., New York.—I was called to the 

house of a customer of another shop recently to 

see what was the trouble with the kitchen boiler. 

I found things so out of the ordinary that I think 

|; n 

A/ ,-E . ; 

y, BAtH ROOM 

%$A. \ 

I .si" 

**J _ 

d_3s___ 

__i 

4 

J 

•15-0 - 

K I T C H E N 

fta narc 

••\\\\\\\\\A^7l\\\7777 7.^p 

it would be well to tell about it, so that some of 

your young readers vvill not fall into the same error. 

The man who did the work had three tries at it 

and then did not give satisfaction. The first attempt 

at piping the job, as shown in Fig. 1, was 

done by dropping both pipes underneath the beam 

line, and extending over and then up to boiler as 

shown. When the fire was started there was a 

great noise, but no circulation, and besides I hate 

to think what would have happened to the vvater- 

ID 

o 

C EILAR 

WW 

FIG. 1 SHOWING HOW JOB WAS PIPED IN THE FIRST 

PEACE 

-is'-o -. 

FIG. 2 FINAL ARRANGEMENT OF PIPING SYSTEM 

beak if a cellar window had broken, and the two 

pipes had frozen, which could easily have happened 

in our climate, where it is not uncommon to 

have the thermometer drop to 30 below zero. After 

a day or two the man was called back and the 

hot water pipe was changed so as to go into the 

top of boiler as shown in Fig. 2. This did not help 

matters any, because the water could not go above 

the dotted lines E-E, as there was no place for the 

air to escape. Therefore when the fire was lighted, 

the noise again notified the owners that all was not 

well. 

The lady stood this for another day, and the man 

was called again. This time he helped matters 

some by putting an air cock at the top point A. 

The people got along with this arrangement for a 

few days, but every little vvhile that lady had to 

stand up on a chair, open the cock and let out the 

air, so they got tired of that and called the writer. 

After hearing the above story, I made the following 

changes: Cut out the elbow at B, put a 

45 deg. elbow at C, and connected dotted line C-C, 

plugged the Tee D and took hot water to fixtures 

from the top of the tee at A, doing away with the 

air cock, as any air that accumulates in the pipes 

from C to A will be drawn off by any or all of the 

hot-water fixtures. 

This change was made, and so far as I know the 

people are living happy ever after. 

Sink Waste Trouble 

From N. P., New York—The sink waste trouble of 

"A. T.," Pa., issue of October 8, may be caused by the 

pipe being air bound, this in turn being caused either 

by the cesspool not being properly ventilated or the 

cesspool being so full as to cover the end of pipe that 

discharges into it. 

The practice in this section is to vent all cesspools 

with 4-in. soil pipe, covering it with a vent cap made 

specially for the purpose. These caps are put on with 

stove bolts and can be removed for the purpose of testing 

the pool. 

If "A. T." opens up the pool he will probably find that 

it has overflown the end of drain pipe and that is the 

cause of his trouble. 

Coppt >er Lining Gives Out 

From C. T. J., New York- For the information of 

"A. X.," South Dakota, issue of October 22. who had 

the copper lining of one of his tanks go bad, will give 

him a little experience I had. I put in a tank and lined 

it with copper. It was heavy too, 16 oz., and tinned on 

one side. It started to leak in about 17 months. I 

found that the copper for a foot around the outlet was 

full of pin holes. I had put in the outlet with a lock 

nut on the outside and a rubber washer, iron washer, a 

packing and lock on the inside. That made me figure


it was the rubber that had started the copper going bad. 

So I cut the patch out and put in a new piece of 

copper and made a paper and shellac joint under the 

iron washer with packing on top of it under the lock 

nut. Everything then was slick for another year and 

the bottom started going all over. After fixing it a 

few more times, I had to take it out. Then as I was 

not sure just what was wrong with it, I painted the 

wood on the tank boiler with two coats of black asphaltum 

and made it good and thick, then put a new 

lining in the bottom of the tank and insulated the electric 

tank control with thick sheet rubber, and made the 

telephone man ground his wire on the outside of drilling, 

where it did not touch my pipes. There was not 

any more to do about the job, and it has been in there 

for 7 years since. I always thought it was the telephone 

ground or the control wire that started the elecrolitis 

the second time, although it might have been that giving 

me the trouble from the start. Anyhow, that is the 

way I got out of that fix, and I am sure it wdll help 

'A. X." 

Troubles Experienced with Pump 

From J. P., N. Y.—Replying to "G. R.," Georgia, 

October 22 issue, I would say that the troubles, as outlined 

in his letter, with the centrifugal pump delivering 

250 g. p. m. against the total pressure of 250 lb. per 

square inch, would require a 75 h. p. motor, instead 

of a 35 h. p. motor, as said pump will only show approximately 

50 per cent efficiency. When it is run 

with the discharge valve closed, it requires generally 

from about 25 to 40 per cent of the power when it is 

delivering its greatest capacity against its greatest head. 

In this particular instance 40 per cent of the 75 h. p. 

motor, as stated above would be required, is 30 h. p., 

and this is within the rating of the 35 h. p. motor that is 

being used. 

All two-stage pumps are furnished with thrust bearings 

to take care of the end thrust, and no doubt the 

reason for the trouble being experienced with the one 

now used is due to the bearings being too small and 

not heavy enough to carry the thrust which is developed. 

1 trust this information will be of service in assisting 

"G. R." to overcome his difficulties. 

Add to Information on Boiler Covering 

From W. A. C, San Francisco. In the issue of 

August 27 we find the inquiry from "A. R.," who had 

trouble with covering put on with flour paste. Mice 

and rats will not go after this paste if it is doctored so 

that they do not like it. Following is a receipt which I 

have used for 15 years demonstrating that mice and 

rats will not eat it: 

Take a heaping tablespoon of concentrated lye and 

completely dissolve it in water. Take 1 pt. of flour and 

mix it in a separate container to the consistency of ordinary 

cream; then pour in the lye water and stir vigorously 

and constantly. As the mixture thickens add more 

water, stirring all the time. In about 10 minutes, after 

it is thoroughly cooked, add more water until you have 

the proper thickness for paste. It is very good and 

the mice will not bother it. 

Wants to Prevent Nickel Tarnishing 

From N. C, N. Y.—For the information of "R. 

T. J.," Michigan, in the issue of October 22, who 

wants to know how to keep nickle from tarnishing, 

would say that in the fall when we turn off the 

water, and after everything has been thoroughly 

cleaned, vve apply a good coat of vaseline. In the 

absence of vaseline vve use a heavy motor grease 

which seems to answer the same purpose. When 

the men go back to turn on water in the spring, I 

have them take kerosene and clean off the nickle 

plated pipes and faucets, and in that way the nickle 

is kept as good as when first installed. If "R. T. 

j." does this I think the troubles which he has been 

experiencing will be ended.. 


What solution of the wash day problem can the 

plumber offer to the housewife? 503. 

From whom can the plumber secure information to 

assist him in the sale of power driven washing machines? 

504. 

What is the big show referred to in which all plumbers 

should be greatly interested? 505. 

Why and how should the plumber use this show to 

the best advantage, and what are the benefits to be derived 

? 506. 

What effect has lubricant on the time per cut and 

on the life of a hack saw? 507. 

What is a dehumidifier and how does it operate? 

508. 

Of what does the air conditioning apparatus used in 

the modern factory described consist ? 508. 

What particular instance of subordinating cost to 

service could be followed with advantage by the heating 

industry? 509. 

Why is it essential for the plumber to command a 

great respect for the industry in which he is engaged? 

510. 

How was the unusual pipe welding problem solved by 

ox-weld engineers ? 510. 

How can the plumber do a great deal to help keep 

the boys on the farm? 511. 

What advantages may be gained by the plumber 

through the use of a motor truck? 512. 

In selecting a motor truck what features are important 

and what interesting information is given on the 

operating costs? 513. 

Wisconsin Plumbers Convention in 

Milwaukee 

The Wisconsin Master Plumbers' Association has 

decided to hold the twenty-seventh annual convention at 

the Hotel Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., January 18 to 

20, 1921. 

Preparations for a very interesting program are now 

being made.



Chimneys Discussed at N. Y. Chapter Meeting 

Details and Effect of Chimneys in Efficiency 

of Boilers Indicate Need of Research Work 

Approximately 100 attended the meeting of the Xew 

York Chapter of the American Society of Heating and 

Ventilating Engineers on Monday night, "Xovember 1 5 

The directors and the secretary of the Heating and 

Piping Contractors Xational Association who were in 

conference in the city, attended the meeting in a body. 

President Fleisher announced that due to the death of 

Prof. John R. Allen, Vice-President Champlain Riley of 

the society and Mr. Holland, of the 

T u n n e 1 Ventilation Committee, 

asked the postponing of the discussion 

on the ventilation of the vehicular 

tunnel until the meeting of 

December 13. The meeting was 

then turned over to Past-President 

Walter S. Timmis, who stated that 

President Allen had surprised those 

who knew him best in the comprehensive 

organization work which 

he had prepared, so that the Research 

Bureau would carry on and 

particularly as he had secured as 

his assistant, L. A. Scipio, dean of 

Robert College, Constantinople, 

WALTER S. 

TIMMIS 

who is now in the United States. 

He introduced Ira H. Woolson. 

consulting engineer of the Xational 

Board of Fire Underwriters who 

spoke on the large fire loss from preventable fire, 

amounting to 25 per cent of the total $12,000,000 annual 

loss on an average since 1916, although the rate 

has shown some decrease. He said 60 per cent of this 

$3,000,000 loss is in dwellings and there are many lives 

lost as well as the dwellings, and pointed out that there 

is need for something better in chimneys. 

MODERN CONSTRUCTION OF SMOKESTACKS 

William E. Golsworth of the Dover Boiler Works, 

Dover, X. J., then spoke of the modern construction of 

steel smokestaks, stating that there i sno occasion to 

guy them when they are built with a height less than 

25 times their diameter and that the steel from which 

the chimneys are constructed should be connected by 

the upper section telescoping into the lower section to 

cause any condensation to drop down inside the chimney 

and avoid streaking the outside. 

He also pointed out that this left no shoulder on the 

inside, where soot would collect, forming a mild sulphuric 

acid and stimulating corrosion. Also that it is 

necessary to provide for the expansion of about 1 in. 

to the 100 ft. in height, per 100 deg. increase in tem-perature 

and that no guy wires are required for a 

chimney extending even 100 ft. above the roof and often 

when the guy rods are attached to the masonr the expansion 

will cause the guy rods to wreck the masonry, 

and that round stacks are most desirable. 

To those who were interested in the theory he referred 

to chapter 7 in the book "Mechanical Equipment 

of Buildings," by Professors Harding and Willard. 

W. H. Leggo, of M. W. Kellogg Co., then Spoke of 

radial brick constructed chimneys and showed lantern 

slides. 

541 

P. J. Dougherty, engineer of the International Heater 

Co., spoke of the loss in death, money, fuel and comfort, 

due to faulty chimneys, in which draft is required 

to produce heat. Two grand achievements of the society, 

he said, were the boiler code and its research work 

and if it could secure the adoption of the chimney ordinance 

now receiving attention it would comprise a third 

grand work. He pointed out the loss from chimneys 

results in less comfort, unnecessary fuel consumption, 

waste in property and in life and a great loss to heating 

contractors where faulty chimneys interfere with the 

service of their installations. He stated that few know 

that draft is the flow of gas caused by a differential in 

pressure, increase in temperature and height, that there 

is no suction but rather a driving force of the heavy cold 

air to force the lighter air upward. The causes of draft 

trouble he enumerated as follows: Air leakage, which 

decreases the temperature of the gases, reduces the intensity 

and breaks the vacuum; obstructions which decrease 

volume; lack of height, with the consequent decrease 

in intensity ; lack of area and consequently lack 

of volume power; heat loss due to faulty construction; 

down draft due to other ventilators or opportunity for 

air movement in the same room; windows and cellar 

doors on the lee side of the building which allow the 

air to escape from the room instead of enabling the air 

to exert a pressure on the fire and create a draft. 

Where two boilers are connected with the same flue, 

he stated, it is a good idea to control the draft entirely 

with dampers and cut out all check drafts which let air 

enter. The cleanout at the base of the chimney often 

makes trouble. 

WHEN LEAKY FLUES RESULT 

Tile construction he pointed out, is excellent wh 

perfect hut when the bricklayer lays up the brick work 

carelessly and does not sufficiently imbed the bricks in 

mortar, particularly in the vertical joints and then sets 

the tile linings into the flue from the top, a leaky flue 

is likely to result. 

He spoke of cases when a cellar might be so airtight 

that there was not sufficient air to feed the draft and it 

is often necessary to provide some entrance for air into 

the boiler room. 

He stated that clinkers form in a vacuum at a temperature 

as low as 900 deg. and it is necessary for some 

air to pass through into the ashpit at all times to prevent 

such a condition. He spoke of the evil of reducing 

smokepipe abruptly and when it i.s necessary to 

reduce from 16 in. to 12 in. in diameter it should be 

done with a long taper joint. The late Dean Allen had 

'said that there is no research work on house chimneys 

to establish facts in relation to them. He was of the 

opinion that the 4-in. wall often so chilled the products 

of production as to reduce the efficiency of a chimney 

of sufficient area and was in favor of thicker chimney 

walls. 

W. H. Driscoll because of the lateness of the hour 

shortened his remarks but stated as his opinion that 

chimneys are often larger in capacity than is required 

because the true facts about chimneys and chimnev behavior 

is not generally known.

542 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER December 3, .1920 

Our State Associations 

proval of the public and the confidence of our lawmaking 

bodies. There can be no question of the use 

Their I'art in the Education of a Master Plumbei fulness of these bodies. They have been a large factor 

in the course of advanced sanitation and the pioneers 

By D. F. DURKIN, JR.* 

in the use of appliances that have added to the health 

and comfort of the people. 

A short time ago through the courtesy of the trade They have had an important part in disseminating to 

press we explained to our readers how the Xational their members useful knowledge that has changed many 

Association in order to at all times keep in close touch of them from mechanics to successful business men 

with its members divided its activities into state and and useful members of society. It is an acknowledged 

local associations each having special work to do and fact that while healthy competition is best for a com 

each playing an important part in the education of the munity, poor business practices and failures caused by 

Master Plumber. 

a lack of business knowledge help no one but harm 

\\ e devoted our former article to a description of many. Our mission is to help healthy competition and 

the local associations and their work of teaching the prevent failures and we have often wondered why any 

first principles of trade co-operation and training men master plumber who is interested in his work can 

to seek knowledge that their industry might progress neglect the opportunities offered by membership in our 

both for the benefit of the public and themselves. state associations. 

It shall be our purpose in this article to describe an May we hope that this article will clear away any 

other important feature of the Xational work known as misapprehension existing in the minds of our non-mem 

the state associations and their relations to the local bers as to our real purpose and that they will accept it 

associations and the Xational body. 

as an invitation to join our ranks and aid us in our 

As the title would imply these associations are work. 

located in each of the states and are made up from delegates 

of the locals and individual members located in 

such parts of the state where no locals exist. They 

elect their own officers and committees, make their own 

rules, hold their own conventions, collect the Xational 

Hard Spots Made Easy 

per capita tax and elect special delegates to the Xa It invariably happens that when a plumber or fitter 

tional meeting. The)- are subject to the Xational and has to drill a hole at a particularly difficult spot the 

their work in order to be effective must have the Xa casting or metal at that point is tougher than at any 

tional .approval. 

other place. The little portable electric drill illustrated, 

As the work of the local is to gather together the manufactured by the Cincinnati Electrical Tool Co., 

master plumbers of a city and by frequent meetings Cincinnati, Ohio, makes those spots look easy. They 

teach the first principles of trade education and the can be approached with a smile. In fact, the boss 

elimination of wasteful practices, so the functions of a plumber or fitter can wear a broad one, as he knows 

state association are through the influence of the local when his men eo up against these difficult holes equipped 

delegates who form its body and who have had their 

training in the local bodies. These send the'r message 

of higher trade education back to the locals and thus 

carry on work of sanitary advancement for which the 

Xational has worked during the many and useful years 

of its existence. 

with an electric drill those holes are going to be drilled 

There has been a disposition on the part of some 

who have little or no knowledge of our purpose to assume 

that we created these separate branches of our 

association to promote, behind closed doors, schemes 

that would not stand the light of public investigation 

and that were against the laws of our country. 

And while it is true that in former years our local 

and state branches did hold some of their executive 

sessions behind closed doors, believing that the discussion 

of their trade problems was of a private nature, 

there was ro other thought in the minds of their officers 

but the help that might be given to their members without 

intentionally endeavoring to disregard any public 

rights or violate any law. The impression of distrust 

did, however, prevail and the Xational body has wisely 

decreed during the last few years that all of its own 

work and that of its branches shall be transacted in 

open session and has prohibited any session of an 

executive nature. It has further prohibited any agreements 

or business practices that might tend to create 

a monopoly or restrain trade. It is difficult at times 

to preserve this policy where such a large number of 

men are interested but we feel safe in our assertion 

that there is an honest intention on the part of our 

members to so conduct their work as to merit the ap 

*Piesident of National Association of Master Plumhers of the Ui 

States, Inc. 

ited 

PORTABL IC DRILL MADE BY CINCINNATI ELECTRIC 

TOOL CO. 

promp perspiring or cussing by the workman. 

Xo lo n priced labor for the boss to stand. The 

meek .iles because the little drill makes life 

easie m. The boss plumber or fitter smiles becau 

t.e drill pays its own way and leaves a big 

ma gain that fits nicely into his pocket. 

s and fitters in every community where electa 

• nt is to be had will make a highly profitable 

i at by equipping their shops with one or more 

electric drills. They can be had for either 

iating or direct current and of capacities as de- 

(Interesting and complete information can be 

hy addressing the company and requesting its 

December 3, 1920 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 543 

Big Reduction in Prices of Duro Water Systems 

The Burnett-Larsh Manufacturing Co., manufacturer 

of Duro automatic electric pumps and water systems, 

announces a reduction in the price of Duro pumps and 

water systems to take effect immediately. 

The company makes this reduction at the "present 

time in anticipation of reduced prices on materials, 

which enter into the make-up of the Duro systems, 

in the near future; also, because they feel that it will 

have a beneficent effect on the industry. Many people 

have been waiting for prices to go down, and now is 

the opportunity for plumbing contractors to go after 

business. The public can be assured that there is no 

further reduction in sight. 

A New High Class Valve 

To overcome trouble incident to leaking gas valves, 

the Aws Manufacturing Co., 398 Harmon street, Brooklyn, 

X. Y., has perfected and is ready to supply to the 

trade the gas valve illustrated. This is very high class 

ground key work, with at least % in. of metal in barrel 

surrounding key, eliminating any stretching at that part 

of valve. 

The key functions as in an ordinary valve, although 

a new departure is made, by casting the lug an integral 

part of tbe washer, as shown in illustration. This lug 

is completely housed inside the barrel of the valve and is 

sufficiently heavy to withstand rough usage. 

The housing materially adds strength to the barrel of 

valve at a point where it is much needed. It is nicely 

The S. Wilks Manufacturing Co., 3517-3539 Shields 

avenue, Chicago, 111., has for distribution bulletins describing 

the Wilks water heater and garbage burner. 

These heaters are made of heavy steel boiler plate, 

carefully riveted and braced and tested to 100 lb. hydrostatic 

pressure, therefore suitable for a pressure not 

to exceed 65 lb. If required for a greater pressure 

than this, a heater made of extra heavy material can 

be supplied by the S. Wilks Manufacturing Co. 

The garbage grate of the heater is made of very 

best boiler tubing which is securely fastened by being 

expanded into openings in the inner shell, thus forming 

a part of the heating surface. There is a constant 

circulation of water through the tubes which greatly 

increase the efficiency of the heater and prevents the 

tubes from being injured by the heat. The base is furnished 

with sectional rocking boiler grate and the garbage 

chamber is wide and deep and equipped with large 

and convenient doors. 

The bulletin also describes the Wilks water heater 

with self feeding funnel. These can be had in capacities 

from 130 to 1,400 gal. per hour. The Wilks water 

heater and garbage burner can be had in capacities of 

from 500 to 1,500 gal. per hour. Full information 

as to price, sizes, etc., can be had by addressing the 

manufacturer at the above address. 

News From Florida 

Ten bungalows at $8,000 each will be built at on 

in West Palm Beach. For the first three days in Xovember 

permits amounted to $20,000. Forty thousand 

bond issue carried, to build school also. 

In St. Petersburg five bungalows costing over $25,- 

000 have just started to be built. The tented city will 

have plumbing equipment for convenience of the incoming 

campers, wdiile Architect Carr is making plans 

for building in that city amounting to $90,000 in aoartment 

houses. The first week in Xovember $68,000 in 

permits for buildings were issued. 

The October record of the city of Jacksonville in 

building permits is $352,000. 

Orlanda had issued to October 23, permits for new 

buildings amounting to $138,000. 

Larger Organization to Push Ever-Hot 

Soldering Tool Sales 

The Products Corporation, 1526 Tribune building, 

Chicago, 111., is the form of a consolidation of the firms 

of Belfry & Craighead, sales agents and the Peterson- 

Plummer Manufacturing Co., manufacturers of the 

Ever-Hot soldering tool. The same personnel will be 

active in the new company which has been incorporated 

for $175,000. The officers are president, Walter Craighead 

; vice-president and general manager, C. F. Plummer; 

secretary-treasurer, A. J. Belfry. The steadily 

increasing demand for the Ever-Hot is being met with 

an expansion of manufacturing facilities in the company's 

plant at Maywood, 111. 

Service Rendered by D. D. Duffield 

finished, presents a neat appearance and is made of good 

The service D. D. Duffield has rendered the Detro 

metal, a high class article throughout. Circulars and 

Range Boiler & Steel Barrel Corporation, Detroit, 

Mich., is the feature article in the Xovember number 

prices can be had for the asking. 

of The Perfect Star. Mr. Duffield, after graduating 

from PTarvard, read and practiced law, served during 

An All Steel Water Heater and Garbage Burner tbe Spanish-American war and has been active in civic 

affairs in Detroit. He has been active in athletics and 

still continues to act as rowing coach for the Detroit 

Boat Club team. This diversity of interests keeps Mr. 

Duffield alive to the necessities and opportunities of the 

field in which he is now engaged. 

Preparing Summer Homes for Winter 

Occupancy 

Owing to a shortage of homes in and around Boston, 

many residents who have been occupying cottages at 

the seashore during the warm weather are fortifying 

them for winter occupancy. As most of these cottages 

were built without heating apparatus, heating 

contractors in Boston and vicinity are receiving many

544 P L U M B E R A N D STEAM FITTER December 3. 1920 

rush orders for various equipment and all kinds of 

portable heaters. 

One type of heater which is being developed 

as a result is of semi-portable design with heating 

pipes from the kitchen range or boiler carrying 

the hot water to radiators in other parts of the 

house. Most of the beach resorts are without a supply 

of gas so that the fuel used is electricity, coal or oil. 

Local heating contractors declare that as a result of 

the great demand and the many experiments being 

tried, it is probable that an entirely new type of house 

heating, of inexpensive design, may result from the 

work now being done. 

Company Organized to Push Self-Scouring 

Trap 

Announcement is made of the organization of the A. J. 

Illustrated is the type Xo. 3 Haas Flush Valve, manu 

Rudolph Co. in Philadelphia for the handling of its 

factured by the Philip Haas Co., Dayton, Ohio. As 

own plumbing specialties, particularly the A. J. Rudolph 

will be seen by the illustration the front area of the 

non-siphonic, self-scouring trap and the new Rudolph 

diaphragm is greater than the area of the inlet side in 

metal-to-metal connection between plumbing fixtures 

such proportion that when subjected to pressure, the 

and drain pipe. 

valve will positively close. The water from the inlet 

Alfred J. Rudolph, the inventor of the specialties, is 

president of the company. He has gathered around 

him as associates a number of men actively identified 

with the trade. 

The headquarters of the new firm are at 1421 Xorth 

Twentieth street, Philadelphia, and the factory is at 

139 Xorth Third street. 

The Rudolph trap is slightly known in many cities, 

but until now no organized sales effort has been put 

behind it. The firm plans to carry on a persistent advertising 

campaign after the first of the year, to acquaint 

the trade with the advantages of a self-scouring 

trap. Full announcement of the company's plans will 

shortly be made. 

Specifications for Water Cocks and Pipe 

Fittings in Venezuela 

The following information relative to legal supervision 

in Venezuela of water cocks and general pipe 

fittings may be of interest to American exporters and 

manufacturers, according to Trade Commissioner P. L. 

Bell, Caracas. The Ministry of Public Works in Caracas 

and business men who know thoroughly conditions 

in the plumbing business outside of Caracas state 

that there is no legal supervision of this nature either 

here in the capital or in other parts of the country. 

All water and steam fittings are standard and are 

usually specified by the engineers in charge of the 

work for which these are needed. By "standard" is 

meant fittings as furnished by certain American companies 

making products of high quality. The Government, 

either Xational, State, or municipal, has no 

machinery for such supervision; work is spasmodic 

and according to the need of the moment, and full 

reliance is placed on the engineer in charge. 

In Caracas and all other municipalities of Venezuela 

the standard size for water cocks is y in. Other sizes 

used run from % to 2 in., as follows: %, y2, y, 1, 

iy, Wp and 2 in. 

Xothing over 2 in. is ever used except on special d 

orders, and these are very few and small in volume. 

Stores handling fittings carry the major portion of 

their pipe fittings in %-in. sizes. What the customers 

of these stores usually want is lightest weight, cheapest 

cock and valve obtainable. 

Credit terms allowed are 60 to 90 days date, New 

York. 

The petroleum companies operating in the Maracaibo 

region buy their supplies and fittings in the 

United States. 

The .Caracas aqueduct is being repaired and extended, 

houses remodeled under the new sanitary 

specifications, etc., and equipments are needed to furnish 

domestic and washing water to, say, 50,000 people 

in Caracas alone. However, the poorer class of 

houses—about 75 per cent of the total number—can 

afford only one water cock in each house. The installation 

of modern toilets is compulsory under the 

new sanitary rules, as also the use of covered piping 

to the main drains (sewers). 

The Haas Flush Valve 

TYPE NO. 3 HAAS ELUSH VALVE 

passes from back to front of the diaphragm through 

an opening or by-pass around the guide pin, filling front 

chamber with w-ater under the same pressure as water 

at the inlet, thereby closing the valve. When the button 

is pushed the pressure in the front chamber is 

relieved by passing of water through the escape port 

to bowl, permitting the inlet pressure to raise diaphragm 

from seat thereby allowing a full and unobstructed flush 

direct to bowl. The by-pass between diaphragm and 

guide pin is kept clean by the movement of the diaphragm 

backward and forward over the stem which 

prevents the accumulation of sediment or other substance 

and this feature is of utmost importance. 

Complete descriptive matter of the closets as fitted 

with the Haas valve and manufactured by this company 

can be had by addressing the manufacturer at Dayton. 

Williams "Vulcan" Pipe-Vise Mount 

i, As will be seen by the illustration of the mount set 

f up the "Vulcan"' pipe vise uses three of the base arms 

s bolted to the "Vulcan" pipe vise and has the legs exi- 

tended with y-'m. couplings and %-in. pipe. For 

transporting this mount from place to place, it is only

December 3. 1920 P L U M B E R A N D STEAM FITTER 

necessary to loosen two nuts, releasing those two legs 

and allowing them to swing around with the other as 

shown by illustration. 

This serviceable combination of Superior drop forging 

and standard pipe for legs provides for an obviously 

great need. It makes a firm and easily portable 

pipe mountaand one which for field work and jobbing 

particularly commends itself to all plumbing and heating 

contractors. 

The old days are past when the plumber arrived 

on the scene of action with an old broken down vise 

and then had to hunt up some nails, often times going 

to the owner to secure his help in the hunt. The nails 

r 

WILLIAMS VULCAN PIPE VISE MOUNT 

an accomplished fact, then the next hunt was for 

a board or plank or some place where the rickety old 

vise could be nailed. Often, oh how often, at about 

the first or second thread the entire thing pulled down. 

While that meant a consequent loss of time, there was 

a greater loss—the loss of prestige and the disrepute 

which such practice caused. 

The modern plumber or steam fitter getting on the 

job with a modern pipe-vise mount gets away to a quick 

start. It makes an impression with the customer that 

he knows his business and is equipped to do business. 

That is a big asset and goes a long way towards making 

a favorable reputation. At the same time it enables 

the journeyman to save the cost of the pipe-vise mount 

in a very few days, after which the investment pays a 

handsome profit. Full information relative to these 

mounts can be had by addressing the J. H. Williams 

Co. of Brooklyn, X. Y. 

George Carkeck Makes Eastern Connection 

George Carkeck, former manager of the heating department 

of the A. Y. McDonald Manufacturing Co., 

Dubuque, Iowa, has joined his brother, H. T. Carkeck, 

Philadelphia, Pa. They will act as sales distributors 

in Eastern Pennsylvania for Clovis gas steam radiators, 

made by J. B. Clow and Sons Co., Chicago, 111. 

New Firms and Plant Extensions 

The H. Mueller Mfg. Co., Decatur, 111., manufacturer 

of brass goods for gas, water and plumbiug 

use, is taking bids for the erection of the superstructure 

of its one-story addition, 150x180 ft. 

Foundation work for the building is under way. 

The B-J Steam Gas Generator Co., Grand 

Rapids, Mich., has been incorporated with a capital 

of $50,000 by Conrad S. Johnson, John E. Best and 

M. J. Palities, to manufacture special generating 

machinery and parts. 

The Xarowetz Heating & Ventilating Co., 223 

West Lake street, Chicago, has purchased a site, 

545 

82x132 ft. at 1711-17 Park avenue, where work vvill 

start at once on a two-story factory and office 

building to cost $40,000. 

The Badger Meter Mfg. Co., 841 Thirtieth street, 

Milwaukee, has filed amendments to its corporate 

* ;L,.^X ncrease the authorized capitalization 

from $50,000 to $150,000. It manufactures water 

meters and is planning to enlarge the capacity of its 

factory, which was erected three years ago. J. J. 

Leach is president and treasurer. 

The American Blower Co., which recently purchased 

the foundry of the Lane & Bodley Co., Tennessee 

avenue, Cincinnati, vvill expend $100,000 in 

alterations and new equipment. It is expected that 

the plant will be in operation shortly after the first 

of the year and will employ 250 men. 

Plumber Exhibits at State Fair 

Charles Belote was awarded the contract for the 

J. E. Wideman job, 959 Riverside avenue. Mr. Belote 

does an extensive electric lighting business, installing 

many pneumatic water systems in the country. Mr. 

Belote through his enterprising methods has arranged a 

splendid exhibit at the Florida State Fair now open in 

lacksonville. 

A Fixture That Will Bring You Prestige 

The Tuxedo straight front lavatory illustrated is of 

genuine Tepeco two-fired vitreous china with oval D 

type quick drain bowl with anti-splash rim lavatory, 

manufactured by the Trenton Potteries Co., Trenton, 

X. J. This fixture has the approved sanitary open 

overflow and the Tepeco patented integral china mixing 

chamber with single stream and single nozzle. 

The fixture is one which the plumber can take to 

his customer and talk quality, thus taking the job out 

of cut-throat competition and placing it on the plane 

of service and quality rendered. There are many 

TUXEDO STRAIGHT FRONT LAVATORY 

homes, with lavatories that are obsolete, in which th 

owners would replace the old lavatories with new, as 

the result of but a very little urging on the part of the 

plumber. • Those are the spots in which if the Tuxedo 

lavatories are placed prestige will accrue to the plumber 

installing them and eventually lead to more modern

546 P L U M B E R A N D 

fixtures being installed throughout the house. Effort 

expended along this line results in the accumulation of 

business and is the basis of building up a clientele from 

whom business can be had the year round. Descriptive 

matter relative to this line of fixture can be had by 

addressing the manufacturer. 

Archie E. Maddock Abroad 

Archie E. Maddock, of the Thomas Maddock's Sons 

Co., sanitary earthenware manufacturers, Trenton, 

X. J., has been visiting in England and on the Continent, 

making observations as to conditions which will 

affect manufacturers of sanitary fixtures. 

Mid Year Meeting of National Directors 

The Board of Directors of the Xational Association of 

Master Plumbers will hold their mid-year meeting at 

the Xational office, 108 South Twentieth street, Philadelphia, 

Pa., on Monday, December 6, 1920. 

St. Louis Heating Trade Quiet 

T. J. Sullivan, secretary of the Heating and Piping 

Contractors' Association, 708 Odd Fellows building, 

St. Louis, Mo., reports that business is quiet at present, 

repair work and alterations the principal work being 

done, with very little new work out for estimate. 

Business Crowding Chicago Pump Co's 

New Plant 

Increased business is already crowding the capacity of 

the Chicago Pump Co.'s new plant, located at 2334 

Wolfram st, Chicago. The company has additional 

ground space of 125 x 200 ft., on which to expand its 

present factory, which is one story, 125 x 165 ft., arranged 

for maximum efficiency in the manufacture and 

shipment of its line of condensation, bilge, house, circulating, 

air line and vacuum return pumps and sewage 

ejectors. 

The company has been in business since 1909. Its 

officers are President and general manager, M. I. Weil, 

Vice-president, A. C. Durdin, Jr.; Treasurer, Benjamin 

NEW PLANT OF CHICAGO PUMP CO. 

Weil; Secretary, X. H. Weil and sales manager, E. A. 

Ehrlich. It has agency connections in Montreal and 

Western Canada, and is prepared to make shipments to 

all points in United States or Canada. 

An Insertible Soil Pipe Joint 

The "Ideal" insertible soil pipe joint shown in the 

accompanying illustration and manufactured by the 

Sanitary Co. of America, Linfield, Pa., makes it easy 

STEAM FITTER Decembei 3, 1920 

to replace a broken length of soil pipe or defective fitting, 

also to insert a new fitting in an old line. Such 

work can be done without springing the stack or breaking 

the joints therein. 

The illustration on the left shows the fitting telescoped 

ready to be inserted in the stack and the illus- 

"IDEAL" INSERTIBLE SOIL PIPE 

tration on the right shows the fitting in its extended 

position ready to be caulked. It will be seen that when 

these fittings are in place and the joints thoroughly 

caulked that this part of the soil line is just as sanitary 

as any other and that it is a very simple matter to 

cut out the pieces and insert the fitting. 

The fitting can be furnished in any size or style 

where the specifications accompany the order. Full 

information can be had in regard to them by addressing 

the manufacturer at the above address. 

Cancellations 

The United States Chamber of Commerce has been' 

making investigations into the matter of cancellation of 

orders in the different industries, says Asbestos. 

To ascertain the true facts concerning cancellation, 

the Xational Chamber has sent out 106 questionnairesto 

the leading trade associations of the country in an 

effort to establish facts about the cause of the present 

cancellation evil. 

They ask each industry how it is being affected by 

cancellation, the reasons, what is being done therefor 

whether or not cancellations are accepted and under 

what conditions, and whether cancellation clauses areinserted 

in the order or contract. 

From the replies received it is revealed that both the 

seller and the buyer are at fault. The chief reasons for 

cancellation, as tabulated, are inability to make prompt 

delivery, amount of business declining, revision of the 

production schedule, while some replies indicate that 

the public hesitates to buy at present prices. 

The data accumulated showed that some organizations 

had created a bureau of contracts to deal specifically 

with cancellation of orders. These bureaus act 

simply in an advisory capacity, investigating the facts. 

in the case and trying if possible to make an impartial 

settlement. 

Cancellations are not confined to this country, for reports 

from the Continent indicate that Europe is facing 

the same trade situation as are the States. Foreign 

firms are reported to have cancelled heavily during 

this period of readjustment. 

Some English Export Associations: Have recently de-

December 3, 1920 P L U M B E R A N D STEAM FITTER 547 

creed that no member should accept cancellations of 

orders without the consent of a committee on investigation. 

This means that a customer who declines to 

accept goods after having ordered them will not be 

permitted to purchase goods from any other member of 

the association until he has complied with his contract. 

While there is no disposition in the States to imitate 

these English methods, the belief is widely held that 

the time is opportune to so emphasize and so stabilize 

trade ethics as to make for fundamental stability in 

business. 

Satisfactory Sanitary Sewage Disposal 

The old time cesspool is rapidly giving way to the 

modern sewage disposal tank. These tanks not only 

dispose of sewage in a much more satisfactory manner 

but their original cost compares favorably with that of 

the ordinary cesspool dug under present conditions 

and their maintenance is considerably less than that of 

the cesspool. 

The tank illustrated is manufactured by the Sanatar 

Co., 301 Indiana avenue, Indianapolis, Ind. It is known 

as the Sanatar Portable Sewage Disposal Tank, made of 

individual reinforced concrete slabs fitting together with 

ingenious interlocking joints, water proofed to eliminate 

leakage or absorption. An installation for an average 

home, with a family of eight, is made up on sixteen 

of these pre-cast slabs weighing less than 75 lb. apiece. 

It can be set up by a man and helper in about one hour. 

The tanks are regularly made in seven sizes of 

•capacities to take care of the sewage from eight to 140 

people. The manufacturers have a corps of engineers 

SANATAR PORTABLE SEWAGE DISPOSAL TANK 

who will gladly assist any contractor with scientific 

or engineering data in solving his particular problem 

and in advising about the final disposal of the effluence 

after leaving the tank. 

A Portable Electric Thawing Outfit 

Of particular interest to plumbers is the new Wayne 

electric thawing outfit just developed and placed on the 

market by the General Electric Co., Schenectady, X. Y. 

This apparatus may be attached to a lamp socket and 

in a few minutes the water returns to its normal circulation. 

The device consists of a transformer, 10 ft. 

of cord for connection with the lighting circuit and 

secondary connection for attachment to the pipe. The 

transformer adiusts the lighting voltage to a point where 

the current will be drawn enough heat for thawing. It 

uses about as much current as is consumed in operating 

an electric flatiron. 

Its capacity is approximately 15 ft. of pipe at a time. 

In use it should be connected to the last section of pipe 

frozen, care being taken to have faucet open for relief 

of pressure to prevent splitting of pipe. The pipe is 

thus heated in sections of about 15 ft. each, until the 

flow of water begins. The length of time taken depends 

upon the length of the frozen section and the degree 

that it is frozen. 

The great advantage and worth of this device for 

plumbers is in its adaptability to thawing frozen pipes 

under floors and pipes concealed in walls, without the 

necessity of uncovering them. One job, therefore, will 

save enough time and material required for tearing up 

THE WAYNE PIPE THAWER 

anrl replacing floors and walls to pay for the machine. 

From this it will be seen that the device is a means 

of helping customers out of their difficulties in a manner 

which they cannot forget. It is a prestige builder. It 

is a piece of equipment which every shop doing business 

in a climate where frozen pipes are the rule, can 

have with the assurance that it vvill return a handsome 

profit on the investment. The manufacturers vvill gladly 

furnish information as to prices, deliveries, etc., upon 

request. 

An Auto and Carriage Washer 

Illustrated is the Walworth auto and carriage washer 

manufactured by the Walworth Manufacturing Co., 

Boston, Mass. As will be seen by the illustration which 

shows a sectional view of this washer, the base which 

'fastens to the ceiling is of cast iron and provided with 

four good sized holes allowing of the washer to be 

securely fastened in place. It will also be seen that 

the revolving portion of this hanger consists of the 

piece of brass pipe which drops down into the first 

elbow of the washer and that at the top of this piece 

of brass pipe is a collar which is supported by the 

brass hub shown in illustration. 

Provision for carrying all leverage strain which would 

be created at this point due to the weight of the horizontal 

portion of hanger plus the weight of hose andl 

strain incident to use a heavy supporting arm indicated 

in the illustration, is furnished. As will be seen this 

also is supported by the brass hub, which is adjustable 

to take up wear. 'The supporting arm extending out 

and engaging horizontal part of washer near the outlet

548 


To secure a water tight joint at the stuffing box were 

shown the revolving part is made of red metal brass, preventing 

roughness at this point from corrosion By 

close examination of this washer it vvill be seen that no 

undue strain can be created on swivel portion of washer 

therefore the packed joint must remain in alignment 

WALWORTH AUTO AND CARRIAGE WASHER 

allowing of long and satisfactory wear without any sign 

of leaks. ' s 

When your customer or prospect talks something 

cheap these are the points which if brought to his mind 

will get you the order and will bring a good fair profit 

with it, thus taking you out of the class of cheap competitors. 

Wilson Runs—Delhagen Wears Shoes 

William Delhagen, Paterson, X. )., is wearing Wilson 

shoes, as the result of a bet he made on Wilson in the 

recent election. He bet that Samuel F. Wilson past 

secretary of the Xational Association of Master Plumbers, 

who was running for sheriff's office in Essex county 

would be elected and Mr. Wilson secured a substantial 

majority. Hence, Mr. Delhagen will not have to go 

barefoot for some time at the expense of a boiler salesman, 

who did not realize the high esteem in which a real 

business man is held by the people in his community 

Mr. Wilson, it is stated, will appoint state treasurer 

of the association, George Werner, Orange X T his 

deputy sheriff. If you want to congratulate "Sam " 

476 Clinton avenue, Xewark, X T ew Jersey, is the ri°-lit 

address. ' s 

The Taco Water Heater 

Illustrated is a sectional view of the Taco water' 

heater manufactured by Thermo Appliance Co 125 

East Forty-sixth street, Xew York City. This heater 

is designed to be used with house heating boilers and 

consists of a cast iron outer section or jacket and brass 

tubes through which passes the water to be heated The 

return connection from storage tank is connected into 

the cold water as shown at the bottom and the circula 

tion or hot water outlet from the heater to the storage 

tank taken from the hot water outlet at the top of heater 

_ The connection of Taco water heater to house heating 

boilers is very simple and consists of connecting a 

flow or circulation pipe at the outlet marked circulation 

from the boiler and the return circulation pipe to the 

boiler connected to the Taco water heater at the point 

in the illustration marked circulation to boiler 


When the fire is started in the house heating boiler 

and the water begins to circulate, it flows into the top 

of the Taco water heater and is cooled by the coil containing 

the water to be heated for storage tank being 

thus cooled and made heavier drops to the bottom of 

Taco heater and then through the return circulation 

pipe back to the liouse heating boiler. The free circulation 

is maintained through Taco water heater of the 

same temperature as the water in the house heating 

_a_JW_-E!UJj!L__ 

HOT WATIR OUTLET- 

THE TACO WATER HEATER 

1CIBCUUTR5II 

IRCULATION 

TO BOItEg 

boiler and the water to be heated is immediately raised 

to that temperature. 

Complete information in regard to this heater can 

he had by addressing the Thermo Appliance Co. 

The Vacu Trap 

The Vacu trap shown is manufactured by Bishop & 

Babcock Co., Cleveland, Ohio. It is a type of the thermostatic 

return valve trap designed particularly for 

use on the return end of radiators, coils, Vento heaters, 

and drip points for the purpose of allowing air and 

condensation to pass freely through valve but preclude 

the passage of any steam. 

The use of these traps is absolutely necessary on 

systems where a vacuum pump is used to maintain the 

.ttZ" 1 ' ?, therwlse when-the pump was operated, the 

fnd w T ^ ntmUe ° n thr0u ^ h returns back to pump 

possible UP VaCUUm 3nd in fact make a vacuu im " 

As will be noted by the cut the trap consists of body 

and cover, the conical valve and the bronze spring and 

thermal member. Its action depends upon a volatile 

liquid which is contained inside of the thermal member

December 3, 1920 P L U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER 

The valve remains open when cool but the instant 

steam reaches the thermal member, the valve is automatically 

closed by the expansion of the volatile liquid 

contained in this member. It remains closed until such 

time as an accumulation of air or condensation cools 

the thermal member, causing it to contract which opens 

the valve and permits the air and condensation to pass 

into the return line. When the steam again reaches 

the thermal member, the valve is automatically closed 

again. 

This trap has a very large orifice in the seat and is 

therefore capable of handling large amounts of condensation 

and air. The ball joint and spring at the 

top prevent the thermal member from vibrating, causing 

a noise and insures a correct seating of the valve. 

PHOSPHOR BRONZE SPRINC 

preventsvibratcon of thermal member. 

. The Vacu-Trap is noiseless. 

n"H_RMAL*MEMBER-hsavy 

[tempered phosphor bronze, hand 

Spun, Contains volatile liquid. 

Vhlch expands and contracts 

'according to temperature, thus 

^losing and opening the valve; 

BRASS SEAT —with sharp edge 

prevents accumulation,-.??-•îrt. 

This seat is renewable.^ 

THE VACU TRAP OF THE THERMOSTATIC RETURN VAEVE 

TYPE 

It will be seen by the illustration that all parts are 

easily accessible for cleaning or repairs by simply removing 

the cover. 

The trap is known as the low pressure type and is 

designed to be used where the steam pressure does 

not exceed 15 lb. Complete information relative to 

sizes, prices, and methods of installing can be had by 

addressing the company at the above address. 

Larger Quarters for Increased Production 

The Bailey Farrell Mfg. Co., Third avenue and Ross 

street, Pittsburgh, manufacturer of steam fittings, etc., 

has acquired the two-story brick and steel building, 

120x212 ft., at South Twentieth and Sidney streets, 

Southside, for $275,000. The present works on Third 

avenue will be moved to the new location and facilities 

provided for increased production. 

Two New Incorporations 

Canada Heaters, Ltd., Toronto, Ont. has been incorporated 

with a capital stock of $100,000 by Robert E. L. 

Lott, 371 Roxton road; Leo J. Phelan, 72 Queen street 

West; John L. Cornes, and others, to manufacture 

stoves, ranges, boilers, hot water heaters, etc. 

The Cook Air Valve Co., Charlotte, N. C, has been 

incorporated, with $25,000 capital stock, by William J. 

Cnok Wilson M. Crosby and H. T. Maner. 

By JAMES J. LOUGHLIN 

BODY AND COVER 

of Vacu • Trap are 

heavy bronze castings, 

metal to metal 

joint. No gaskets, 

sed 

CONICAL VALVE-=JvfilclCSc|th 

half ball joint at top. always in.', 

sures positive seating, so steam 

cannot escape. Made of beststeanj, 

brass.. 

Lost Labor Surplus* 

549 

One of the important questions of the day is: What 

has become of our labor reserve, the surplus of help in 

all lines upon whom vve could draw to take care of our 

greatest needs ? Even in banner years, when our maximum 

business was reached, we seemed to have sufficient 

labor to supply the demand. 

This held true in all lines of business: Arts. Crafts, 

Manufacturers, Transportation, Financial, Building 

Trades, Agriculture and all lines where skilled and un* 

skilled labor was employed. 

Now the reverse is the case, all lines complain of 

labor shortage and the plumbing 

profession is no exception. 

That there is a shortage of 

skilled plumbers is apparent 

throughout the nation, and even 

though building operations have 

been greatly curtailed by delayed 

deliveries, tightened money market, 

restrictions on loans and 

other factors, not enough plumbers 

could be found to handle the 

limited volume that did go ahead. 

Where have they gone? The 

curtailment of building operations 

during the war forced 

many to seek employment in 

essential lines, and the wages 

and working conditions were 

such as to win them away from 

their former trade. Many have 

never returned to it, and we 

must consider them lost forever 

and seek a way to replace them. 

The latest giant enterprise, the automobile industry, 

has attracted many building trade mechanics to that 

kind of work and is offering many good inducements, 

evidently feeling that it is easier to teach the business 

to an already trained mind. 

The fact that plumbers wages have always been 

higher than those paid in other than the building line 

attracted many applicants to learn the trade and accounted 

for the surplus formerly enjoyed. Now the 

inducements made, by other lines are such as to offer 

keen competition to us in the matter of attracting young 

men who wish to take up a vocation, and it behooves 

us to recognize this fact and bestir ourselves. 

As long as labor is scarce, our relations with our 

employes will continue unsatisfactory and our only 

salvation lies in taking on apprentices, teaching them 

the business, rushing through their education, sending 

them out as journeymen and taking on more apprentices 

until we have once more created a surplus. 

Let every master plumber take at least one apprentice, 

devote some of our time in developing him, give 

him the benefit of our advice and turn him out as a 

finished mechanic as soon as possible. 

Be sure to select a high school graduate, for the better 

educated he is the higher his ideals; and he will 

offer better competition in later years if he should 

become a master plumber, for we must not forget that 

the apprentice of today is the master plumber of tomorrow. 

* Paper presented to National Association of Master Plumbers' Convention, 

Pittsburgh, Pa.

550 PLUMBERAND 

Teamwork 

Unless you are a teamworker you are little likely to 

succeed under modern conditions. Civilization is built 

on teamwork—is teamwork. 

Today all these things are done by teamwork. 

Teamwork has given us fine homes, palatial apartment 

houses, giant hotels. 

Teamwork has given us machine-made clothing, machine-made 

shoes, machine-made foodstuffs, machinemade 

necessities and comforts of every description. 

Big Business will advance to positions of great responsibility 

no man wdio has not demonstrated his 

ability and aptitude as a teamworker. 

A widely known out-of-town banker was being selected 

by the National City Bank of New York as vicepresident. 

Salary—a large one—had been agreed upon 

and other arrangements completed. Then he wrote 

wanting to know precisely where he would rank among 

the institution's list of vice-presidents, and laid stress 

upon his "standing.'' He was immediately dropped. 

"He will not make a good teamworker," was the 

management's verdict. 

The teamworker can be—must be—every inch a man. 

But he is something more. 

He is a diplomat. He is not bigoted. lie recognizes 

that others, especially his superiors in rank, are 

also entitled to have opinions and convictions of their 

own. He is ready to give and take. Ile does not 

expect to have everything his own way, to get always 

what he wants. He is broad enough to try to see 

things from the other party's point of view. 

And only teamworkers rise to the top under modern 

conditions, where one-man enterprises cannot withstand 

the competition of giant combinations of brains 

and capital. 

Carefully scrutinize your make-up, and if there be 

weak spots or kinks in it, apply yourself to remedying 

them. 

For large-scale success today is spelled "Teamwork." 

—Forbes Magazine (A. Y.) 

A Compact Pumping Unit 

The Fig. 1330 Hoosier electric house pump, manufactured 

by the Flint & Walling Manufacturing Co., 

Kendallville, Ind., is used in connection with the Hoosier 

water supply systems. This pumping unit is designed 

HOOSIER ELECTRIC HOUSE PUMP 

for use wdiere vertical suction does not exceed 20 to 

22 ft. and is so constructed as to permit the use of a 

motor of small horse power to deliver a large quantity 

STEAM FITTER December 3. 1920 

of water and also to retain the advantages to be secured 

from slow moving driving mechanism. 

The air chamber, main frame and bearings are cast 

integral, providing an excellent foundation for the 

working parts of pump and assuring proper alignment 

of driving shaft, main shaft and plunger. The cylinder 

of pump is brass lined and lining is removable and replaceable. 

It will be seen by the illustration the plunger attaches 

to the crosshead and this crosshead travels on 

two guy shafts preventing twisting or side strain. The 

teeth of gear and pinion are cut from solid metal to 

insure quiet running properties. The valves are so 

located that they may be easily reached when repairs 

are necessary. 

The Hoosier unit is furnished with a motor of standard 

manufacture, which can be had for electric current 

in any cycle or voltage. Complete information can be 

had in reference to the pumping unit also the Hoosier 

water supply system by addressing the company at the 

above address requesting Bulletin F. 

R. M. C. Gas Burners 

The gas burner, manufactured by the Rotary Manufacturing 

Co., Ninth and Santa Fe avenues, Los 

THE R. M. C. GAS BURNER 

Angeles, Cal., is adapted to burning artificial, mixed or 

natural gas by a simple change of nozzle. It does not 

require any additional expense in installing for auxiliary 

equipment such as motors, wiring floors or piping. 

As will be seen by the illustration it has no shutters, 

doors or mixing valves. The need of these is eliminated 

by the extremely high temperature of the flame 

and the positive introduction of the secondary air which 

follows up the grooves in the ribbed head and meets 

the base of each flame jet. 

Information relative to sizes, prices, etc., can be had 

by addressing the manufacturer. 

Iron Cement from Old Dry Batteries 

A good iron cement may be made by combining the 

black filler material from old dry batteries with fine iron 

filings and building cement. Use fifteen ounces of 

cement, twenty ounces of fine iron filings and five of 

battery filler. All these materials should be thoroughly 

dry and as fine as possible when mixed. This cement 

mixed and stored in a dry place vvill keep indefinitely. 

To use it, add water to make a thick paste and apply. 

Water starts a chemical action that makes the mixture 

set. This is good for filling cracks in stoves, waterpipes, 

etc.


For All White Bath Rooms 

Doctor Noah Geiger then urged the association to 

take action and on motion the matter was referred to 

To meet the demand for all white bath room fittings, 

the committee on public affairs with instructions to 

the C. F. Church Manufacturing Co., Holyoke, Mass., 

pledge the association's support for the necessary ex 

has added to its line the no-lip saddle pattern pyralin 

penditure on the part of the taxpayers to provide this 

much needed public utility. 

The motion was unanimously carried and afterward 

the meeting adjourned. 

A NO-LIP SADDLE PATTERN PYRALIN COVERED SEAT 

covered seat as illustrated. This seat is entirely covered 

with pyralin including the hinges which are specially 

designed to harmonize with its graceful outlines and is 

of such quality as to make every householder who is 

fortunate enough to have one proud of its graceful and 

sanitary appearance. This is an article of the class that 

adds prestige to the plumber installing it. 

Comfort Stations for Newark, N. J. 

Increased popular interest and support was given 

the movement to erect a number of public comfort stations 

in Newark, N. J., at a meeting of the Federated 

Improvement Associations held in the City Hall, Newark, 

N. J., Monday night, November 29, attended by the 

mayor, the city commissions, delegates from a number 

of associations and persons interested in public affairs. 

It was presided over by Andrew Muller. 

After hearing discussions on the public lighting and 

power station, which was supported, a movement to protect 

Newark's water front was also supported. Arthur 

J. Smart, who has been actively engaged in creating a 

sentiment for public comfort stations, then presented a 

report of what had been done, showing that there was 

much encouragement from the many organizations he 

had addressed and the people he had interviewed and 

urged that provision for the erection of seven comfort 

stations at prominent points in the city be made in the 

annual budget. 

He introduced Frank K. Chew, who spoke of the 

work of the American Society of Sanitary Engineering 

in establishing a comfort station mark, in providing temporary 

comfort stations at the last two inaugurations 

in Washington and their use at the Grand Army encampments 

and Old Home Weeks in different places, 

showing that the idea was gaining ground in the country 

and with the congestion of population the greater need 

pf such provision. 

Coal Versus Obligation 

551 

In 1918 about 82,080,000 tons of coal were consumed 

for domestic heating. It is reasonably conservative to 

estimate that 20 per cent of it was wasted, due to lack 

of proper firing and inefficient apparatus. Much of this 

inefficiency of apparatus is due to faulty draft, dirty 

boilers, dirty flues and broken parts of apparatus that 

could and should be replaced. 

The 20 per cent loss represents 16,416,000 tons and 

a money value of $98,496,000.00 for one year only. If 

this breach were shut, the 15,000 men now employed in 

mining coal could be swung to other productive labor. 

The industry that can best combat this enormous 

waste and at the same time ease up the burdens of their 

cause, is none other than the plumbing and steam fitting 

industry. Forthwith is the opportunity offered steam 

fitters to step forth and combat waste of fuel. 

The Late John R. Allen's Research Work 

Too much space cannot be given to the wonderful 

work that was done by the late Professor John R. Allen, 

Director of Research Bureau of American Society of 

Heating and Ventilating Engineers and the following 

extract is taken from a letter which is being sent by the 

chairman of the committee to the membership of the 

society: 

It is a matter of great regret to the officers of the society 

and to the Committee on Research that Professor 

Allen could not have been spared long enough to complete 

more of the valuable fundamental data which he 

was in the process of accumulating. Professor Allen 

has probably given more attention to research in the field 

of heating and ventilating than any other investigator, 

and his death, before his work in the purely research 

field was hardly begun, is a great loss to the profession 

at large. 

Professor Allen has, however, left us a pleasing legacy 

in the splendid organization of the Research Bureau 

which he was able to establish at the Bureau of Mines' 

Laboratories in Pittsburgh. His intimate touch with the 

field was there clearly established and his wonderful 

knowledge of the art enabled him to initiate the investigations 

of the Bureau along the much needed lines. In 

addition, he gathered around him a working personnel 

and initiated such an atmosphere of investigation as toinsure 

continuity of the work along desirable lines. 

In fact, Professor Allen stated only a short time before 

his death, that he was happy to have been able to 

so establish his working organization that he could now 

be absent from the Bureau without loss or delay in the 

work; he felt the importance of doing considerable 

traveling in order to keep in touch with the activities in 

the various research laboratories in different parts of 

the country. As a result of his organization, the Bureau 

is now in condition to proceed for the next six months

552 P L U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER December 3, 1920 

without delay or change of program, and already the 

forecast indicates the development of much valuable 

data. 

It is the determination of the officers of the society 

and of the Cominittee on Research to continue this work 

as a monument to Professor Allen and to complete every 

activity which he has inaugurated. The officers feel certain 

that all subscribers to this Research Fund vvill desire 

to pay their respects to this great man by continuing 

their co-operation and support of the work. 

For the present, the Committee on Research has decided 

to confirm Professor Allen's appointment of Dean 

L. A. Scipio, formerly of Robert College of Constantinople, 

Turkey, as an assistant, who will continue at the 

Bureau as Acting Director. Dean Scipio is a man of 

extended experience in research and investigative lines 

and he was formerly associated with Professor Allen. 

Reassuring Sentiments on Business Expressed 

by a Prominent Banker 

Confidence that no business disaster is impending is 

inspired by the following extracts from the address of 

James S. Alexander, president of the National Bank of 

Commerce in New York, before the eleventh annual 

convention of the American Manufacturers' Export 

Association. A business panic in this country would be 

chargeable to gross inefficiency and dereliction of duty 

on the part of business men and bankers under the improved 

banking system now in force he declared. Answering 

the charge that bankers fail to co-operate with 

business in times of financial stress, he said that the action 

of the banks in conserving credit wais the best cooperation 

they could extend under recent financial conditions. 

The country's credit structure was never better built 

than it is today, he said, and in view of the elasticity 

given business conditions by the Federal Reserve System, 

the country need never see another panic. Principles 

governing the domestic situation, particularly the 

duty of banks to readjust the credit situation when 

necessary, apply with especial force to the export trade. 

He also expressed the belief that American manufacturers 

should market raw rather than finished products to 

Europe if a sound basis is to be laid for equalizing the 

existing adverse trade balances. 

"The peak of credit expansion must soon pass," he 

said, "but this does not mean that there are not ahead 

of us many serious and necessary adjustments. There 

must be established stable price levels so that business 

can be conducted on a basis of confident judgment rather 

than of guess and speculation. There must also be adequate 

production, primarily in the more substantial lines 

of goods, so that we shall not continue to live on a narrow 

hand-to-mouth margin which is responsible for 

unstable prices. We must conserve credit so that there 

will he amole funds for long time investments to provide 

for the rehabilitation of essential permanent equipment. 

railroad building alnd repair, and necessary housing 

construction. 

"With these necessary readjustments before us, I 

believe the duty of the banks of the country is clear. 

It is their duty to interpret the needs of business in view 

of these foregoing considerations. Since the banks 

touch all phases of industry and business, they are able 

to obtain a broader view of the total business situation 

than is the individual business man, whose enthusiasm 

or anxiety over his own line may obscure his vision to 

the greater need and even to his own best interests. 

"The banks have seen clearly the necessity of conserving 

our credit resources lest the financial structure 

of the country should become over-expanded and weakened. 

They have seen, too, the need of production, 

price stability and adequate transportation. They have 

realized that our business energies must not be diverted 

from these requirements. Seeing these things clearly it 

has been their responsibility to act in accordance with 

them. 

"Therefore, I believe that it is due to a misconception 

or to failure to give due weight to fundamental facts, 

if business feels that there has been any tendency on the 

part of the banks to fail to co-operate with it to the fullest 

extent in the present business era. Seen in its true 

light, the attitude of the banks has been the only true 

co-operation possible. Any other attitude on their part 

would have been non-cooperation, making more difficult 

the period of readjustment and recovery to normal, 

stabilized business, which is what we all want. 

"During the war period the ratio of ourToreign trade 

to our total domestic trade has undergone violent 

changes, foreign business occupying for a time an abnormal 

importance. There was also produced an abnormal 

balance of foreign indebtedness in our favor. 

"Just what ratio between our foreign trade and our 

domestic trade may come to be established as normal it 

is impossible to say. 

"If a marked recession in our export trade should 

prove to be one of the corrective factors tending to 

stabilize international trade, it is my belief that such a 

recession should be accepted as economically sound and 

that we should not incur the dangers of seeking to 

stimulate by artificial methods the volume of our foreign 

trade. Where there is a real demand for our goods 

there vvill be a real market. It is the business of the 

banks to finance goods for real markets. It is not their 

business to attempt to maintain expanded foreign trade 

when it becomes manifest that there is not the continued 

economic basis for that expansion. 

"We must not finance our foreign trade on a basis 

that vvill perpetuate over-expansion in our domestic 

banking credit. 

"The most desirable foreign trade is that with countries 

which give most promise of being able to reestablish 

their own productivity and to regain at the earliest 

moment the ability to liquidate their debts here with 

goods. It is also but the part of wisdom to favor, in our 

trade with those countries, such products of ours as will 

serve most rapidly to help them return to a condition of 

economic stability. These are all practical considerations 

for business men as well as bankers." 

Father Carries the Coal that Exasperates 

Mother with Heat 


has to have a new suit, it is just a question of showing 

him some suits and letting him take his pick. He buys; 

he does not have to be sold. That applies to the prospect 

for kerosene or gas water heaters. He has his 

mind all made up to buy and all that is necessary is to 

show him something from which to make his selection. 

The plumber can assure his prospect that it is all wool 

and a full yard wide as the kerosene and gas water 

heaters are demonstrated successes. Therefore the 

plumber is not inviting continuous trouble and complaint 

in pushing the sale of them.


PllpillMllllllllllllllllllll^ iiimiiiiiiBiiiimiiiniii 

THE MARKET 

ânnnnmiiminiiiminiiuiiniMiiiiiimtui inn inLiiiiiMittu ittui liiiitMiinnHiiMiDimiiuuuiMiiiiiLiiLHiniiiii uu uttu iHimsuuuiLiunHJiii iniiiniitiini IllllllllllllllilllllllllllUllllllllllllllllllIlllllllii 


STEAM GOODS 

Delivery of steam goods shows slight improvement, 

with prices holding at the high level and buying continuing 

only for work on hand. Demand for repair 

parts are reported as slowing up. Present indications 

point to a gradual re-adjustment in prices, rather than 

any sharp drop. Stocks of radiators are reported in 

few instances, and improvement of shipments the general 

rule. 


The demand for larger sizes of pipe, for oil country 

consumption and line pipe, still keeps the mills busy, 

thus preventing any accumulation of stocks of smaller 

sizes. Several jobbers report receipt of carload shipments 

the past week; however, prices hold very firm. 

Wrought iron pipe is still very scarce, with slight promise 

of improved conditions in the near future. Soil 

pipe stocks are reported very good in most cases with 

hesitant demand, and no further readjustment of 

prices. 

Porcelain enamelware continues to improve, stocks 

of bath tubs being reported by several jobbers. Smaller 

fixtures, while not as plentiful, show improved output 

at factories, with favorable outlook for accumulation 

of stocks by jobbers in the near future. Prices show 

no re-adjustment; however, the peak has been reached 

with the demand less than normal. 

Vitreous ware is more plentiful and moving very 

slowly. Indications point to the fact that the peak price 

has been reached in this line, and, readjustment of prices 

will be gradual. 

While readjustment of plumbers brass goods prices 

seems certain in the near future, it seems equally certain 

that there will be no break, but rather a gradual 

decline in ratio to the controlling elements, labor and 

material costs, and efficiency._ No further drop has 

occurred in brass pipe and fittings. 


Right now business in the Chicago district is described 

as dead by the supply trade. Trade from farming 

districts has become inactive as the prices of their 

products have declined sharply. The feeling that 

prices will be lower, together with the fact that construction 

is at a standstill creates a condition for manufacturers 

and jobbers concerning which they do not 

care to make a forecast. No official price changes on 

boilers, radiation, fittings, brass goods or plumbing supplies 

have been announced during the week just past. 

Non-ferrous metals are lower and production is being 

cut down where surpluses are available. While the 

buyers' attitude cannot be readily gauged, the opinion 

has been expressed that should they take hold, there 

would be an immediate strengthening of prices. 

Pig Iron—Prices show a tendency toward easier 

levels, and there has been some disposition to meet 

resale quotations. Whether or not there is sufficient 

resale tonnage to fill an active buying movement remains 

to be seen. Production has been considerably 

held up with a great many furnaces going out of blast. 

Copper—Some orders for fair lots of the metal have 

made their appearance, the low price apparently being 

attractive. There is a good surplus of metal on hand, 

and production activities are being restricted until some 

of this has been absorbed. There is practically no demand 

in Chicago and for small lots dealers quote Lake 

Ingot at 15^/2 cents. 

Tin—There seems to be no interest in this metal and 

Chicago dealers now quote Straits pig at 38 to 40 

cents. 

Lead—Another price cut has been made by some 

producers to 6.15 cents, though the leading interest 

still asks 6.50 cents. Chicago dealers report no demand 

and are quoting 6.25 cents for small lots. 

Zinc—The market remains stagnant, with further 

cuts in production, as well as in price. Chicago dealers 

now quote slabs at 6.50 cents which is half a cent lower 

than a week ago. 

Solder—There have been no changes in solder prices, 

warranted 50/50 being sold at 27 to 29 cents. 

Pig Iron 

Prices are following coal and coke recessions and 

are not strong with labor becoming more plenty to 

show another influence that helps the downward 

trend. 

NEW YORK 

East Pa. No. 1 fdy Sil $2.75 to $3.25 $47.52 to $50.52 

East Pa. No. 2X fdy Sil 2.25 to 2.75 45.77 to 48.77 

East Pa. No. 2 fdy SU 1.75 to 2.25 44.52 to 47.52 

Buffalo Sil 1.75 to 2.25 46. 6 to 48.46 

Virginia No. 2 Sil 1.75 to 2.25 49.16 to 50.16 

CHICAGO 

Northern Coke No 1 Sil $2.25 to $2.75. .$42.25 to $45.25 

N°o hern Cot fdy No. 2 Sil \.7lito 2.25 40.00 to 43.00 

Southern Coke fdy No.l Sil Soft 2.75 to 3.25.. 47.67 to 49.67 

cX,tWn Cnkp fdv No 2 2.25 to 2.75.. 45.92 to 4/.9J 

!o°u!h_rn Sundry' Sil 175 to 2.25.. 44.67 to 46.67 

PHILADELPHIA 

Eastern Pa No 2 Plain Sil $1.75 to $2.25. .$43.54 to $46.54 

la fern Pa. No. 2X . Sil 2.25 to 2 75 44.79 to 4.79 

CLEVELAND 

CINCINNATI 

Southern Coke Sil $175 to $2.25 (base price]> $42.50 to 

Southern Coke Sil $2.25 to $2.75 (No 2 Soft) 43.75 to 47 5 

Southern Ohio No. 2 Sil $1.75 to $2.25 (No. 2) «.-_

554 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER December 3, 1920" 

Old Materials 

Scrap Iron, New York—Some cancellations have 

come in during a business stagnation and a general 

downward tendency. Prices which dealers in New 

York and Brooklyn are quoted to local foundries, per 

gross ton: 



etc., cupola size 33.00 to 34.00 



Iron and steel pipe (1 in. diam., not under 2 

ft. long) 14.00 to 15.00 


Scrap Iron, Chicago—Movement of this material is 

confined to small lots for immediate needs and prices 

quoted are per gross ton: 

No. 1 Cast $22.00 to $23.00 


Cast Borings 10.50 to 11.00 



Railroad Malleab'e 19.00 to 19.50 

Agricultural Malleable 19.00 to 19.50 


Scrap Iron, Pittsburg—Sharp recessions are noted 

and it is next to impossible to interest melters. 

Prices are off from $1 to $3 per ton. For delivery to 

consumers' mills in the Pittsburgh and other districts 

that take Pittsburgh freight rates, prices are as follows 

: 



Sheet bar crop ends (at origin) 27.00 to 28 00 





Cast iron borings 18 00 to 18.50 


Scrap Iron, Boston—Prices on steel have slumped 

off slightly although buying in small quantities show 

little change in price. Pig iron is easing in price while 

the price for No. 1 machinery remains at $41 as a 

rule. 

Wrought No. 1 yard long $20.00 to 20.50 


No. 1 machinery 40.00 to 42.00 

Breakable cast 33.00 to 34.00 

Bundled barrel hoops _ 11.00 to 11.50 

Wrought iron pipe, new specification 15.50 to 16.00 

Steel rails (rerolling) 31.50 to 32.00 

Heavy melting steel 16.50 to 17.50 

Turnings, axle 16.00 to 16.50 

Turnings, machine shop 12.00 to 12.50 

Car axles, iron 40.00 to 41 00 

Car axles, steel 36.00 to 37.00 


Old Metals, New York—The market has settled 

down to a quiet sluggish state, business being practically 

impossible because of the uncertainty of the 

future. Dealers' buying prices are nominally as follows: 

Cents 

Per Lb. 






No. Heavy 1 yellow red machine brass brass or composition turnings composition ...., turnings 10.00 12 6 75 25 



Zinc 4.00 

Old Metals, Chicago—There is little activity in this 

class of material and dealers buying prices are lower as 

follows: 

Red Brass 9]/2 

Yellow Brass, heavy 6_J 

Yellow Brass, light 5 

Copper, heavy and clips 9J-4 

Copper, light and bottoms &% 

Lead Pipe 3'/_ 

Tea Lead 2% 

Tin Foil 22 



Zinc 3 

Soldered Joints 7 

Old Metals, Boston—-Increased activity in copper is 

noticeable following the low prices to which it has 

fallen. Lead, zinc and aluminum are very stagnant 

and indications for the whole old metal market are for 

a period of quiet and idleness. Dealers are nominally 

as follows: 

Heavy crucible copper $12.00 to 12 50 

Heavy scrap copper 10 50 to 11 00 



Comp. turnings No. 1 9 50 to 10 00 

Heavy brass 7.50 to 7 75 

Light brass , 5.50 to 5.75 


Lead, solid 5.00 to 5 25 

Zinc 4 00 to 4.25 

Pewter No. 1 30.00 to 31.00 

Clean cast aluminum 14.00 to 1 ^ 00 


Old painted aluminum 15.00 to 15.50 


Linseed Oil—This market is weak and in large lots 

as low as 83c. per gallon has been made with no 

buyers in sight and the market still ru'es weak, with 

the range in small lots on 5 bbls. or less of 94 to 

96 cts. In less than 5 bbl. lots 3 cts. per gallon more 

is asked than for carload lots. A further advance of 

2 cents is asked for boiled oil. 

Spirits of Turpentine.—There have been further 

drops in turpentine prices with considerable du'lness. 

In machine barrels in yard price is $1.00 per gallon. 

Rosin—The market is dull and weak for 280 lb. 

barrel the price for D grade is $11.25 and the wholesale 

price for common-to-good strained is $11.50. 

Large New Boiler Plant Contemplated 

The Ranger Boiler Works, Ranger Texas., contemplates 

the erection of a new plant to cost about $100,000, 

including equipment. L. C. McFall is president. 

Heating System Remodeled 

When Landers, Frary & Clark bought the old plant 

at New Hartford, Conn., it was necessary to remodel 

the heating system. The contract was given to Hutton 

Brothers Co., Winsted, Conn., who later secured a 

contract for installing 10 water closets and 5 urinals, 

so that the plant would have for its workers a set of 

toilet rooms in keeping with the number of employees 

and the character of service expected of them.


THE EDITOR'S CHAT COLUMN 

.,____ 

Articles on Estimating Coming 

The time has come when a definite date can be 

set for the first chapter of the series of articles on 

Estimating. 

This series will start with the December 31 number 

and will extend over several months. 

As already announced, these articles have been 

written by a man "who knows the game," and 

readers may look to their appearance with confidence 

in them being the most comprehensive treatment 

of this subject ever presented by a trade paper. 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER is glad of this opportunity 

to help its readers in such a pronounced 

way, for there is certainly need of an authoritative 

treatment of this important subject. 

But these articles on estimating comprise only 

one of the many good things planned for PLUMBER 

AND STEAM FITTER for the coming year. 

Since the plumbing and heating section of Metal 

Worker, Plumber and Steam Fitter have been 

separated from that paper and published as 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER, the editors have had 

a better chance to do a whole lot of good things 

for this industry. 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER hasn't any other 

trade to serve. It is working every minute for 

the plumbing and heating industry, and evidently 

its efforts are appreciated, for with every succeeding 

week more and more subscribers are writing to 

tell the editors how much better they like the plan 

of publishing the plumbing and heating section of 

Metal Worker, Plumber and Steam Fitter as a specialized 

paper for this one trade. 

And PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER has made a 

considerable gain since, the change was made. It 

is going ahead with every issue, because it is being 

made right editorially. 

Every issue is filled with helpful ideas for its 

readers, and this policy is to be continued. It is to 

be made the best editorially that time, energy and 

money can make it. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

is bound to be a big success. 


SATISFACTION 

300,000 




unlimited field for Vogel F ost-Proof 

Closets. 








555 







operation. 


your jobber 













which form objectionable fouling places.) 

'" Write todav for catalog of the Watrous line, which 


self-closing cocks, liquid soap fixture.., etc. 

THE IMPERIAL 'BRASS MFG. CO. 

1223 W.,Harrison St., Chicago, 111. 

d/ApPUo 

\hj PLUMBING X 

If FIXTURES . 1 

* * & & & & 

Please mention PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTE* when you write.



Week Ending November 26, 1920 


LW—Last Week (Shown by the Barometers) PW—Previous Week Y—Corresponding Week Last Year 1919—1919 Weekly average, taken as no 

BUSINESS 

FAILURES 

(Dun's) 

(Number) 

LW 218 

PW 263 

LY 100 

1919 124 

BUILDING FOOD TIME 

CONTRACTS PRICES MONEY 

(F. W. Dodge Co.) (Annalist) (90 days 

(In Millions) (Index No.) (Mixed) 

34* 

33* 

52* 

49 

t Week ended Friday. 

233* 

239* 

282* 

296 

7J_% 

634% 

6 >/J% 

BANK 

LOANS 


House) 

(In Millions) 

5,251* 

5,259* 

5,239* 

5,012 

One week earlier than other barometers. 


After the enormous liquidation in the commodity 

market during the past few weeks, says The Street of 

November 27, there has been a change in sentiment. 

For the time being, the business community is in a 

more cheerful mood, although there has been no improvement 

in trade. Consumers continue to buy sparingly, 

because of their belief that price readjustments 

have not been completed. There is a general feeling 

that retail prices must next claim attention. These were 

automatically modified when the commodity markets 

were breaking but, in all lines, they are still far too high. 

It is evidently the duty of bankers to turn their attention 

to retail firms, and curtail loans until they decide 

to do business on more reasonable price bases. 

None of the metal markets showed improvement to 

any noticeable extent. Pig iron producers are curtailing 

outputs, and coke makers, and zinc miners, are 

limiting production. The copper market is very weak, 

and it seems probable that, in order to dispose of surplus 

stocks, producers must make further recessions in 

prices. There is no improvement in the tin situation 

although the position of this metal, and that of lead, 

is somewhat different to that of the other metals. Experts 

in the tin trade are anticipating an early improvement, 

both in demand and price for tin. 

The cotton market has again developed weakness. 

Sentiment in the trade is bearish, and short selling has 

been indulged in on a large scale. Advices from Liverpool, 

and the Egyptian cotton centers, were bearish 

throughout the week, and indicated that foreign authorities 

still anticipate lower prices. Wheat made a new 

record. The weakness in the wheat market was encouraged 

by the declines in the Argentine and Canadian 

DEMAND 

DEPOSITS 


House) 

(In Millions) 

4,023* 

4,031* 

4,196* 

4,506 

BANK 

CLEARINGS 


House) 

(In Millions) 

4,828* 

4,631* 

5,462* 

4,560 

STOCK SALES 

(N. Y. Stock 

Exchange) 

(Thousands of 

Shares) 

4,169t 

6,326t 

4,911t 

6,017 

BOND 

SALES 

(N. Y. Stock 

Exchange) 


65,767t 

79,495t 

100,83St 

72,523 

markets. The general selling of wheat and flour resulted 

in weakness in the corn markets. Receipts of 

corn over the holiday were moderate. Notwithstanding 

the large amount of selling, the tone of the corn market 

is firmer than that of other cereals. The selling of 

wheat and corn prompted the selling of oat's and other 

grain, which also resulted in price declines. The sugar 

market was quiet and featureless. No sugars were 

pressed for sale; but total refiners showed no disposition 

to enter the market. 

There was a slight rally in the stock market following 

theenormous liquidation of the preceding week. Transactions 

were on a much smaller scale, but price changes 

were irregular. The week ended with the market displaying 

a heavy undertone. 

The foreign exchange market continues demoralized. 

When it opened on the 22d, sterling rallied, bringing 

the market up with it, but the rally did not hold, and 

throughout the week prices sagged away. The local 

market was largely influenced by the European markets 

which were very feverish owing to rumors respecting 

the financial stability of some of the European countries. 

These rumors were baseless, yet they served to 

depress prices, and caused confusion in the various ex-' 

change markets. 

Shop to Be Enlarged 

The Milwaukee Flush Valve Co., 1017 Clybourn 

street, Milwaukee, has increased its capital stock fronr 

$30,000 to $75,000. It will enlarge, its shop during the 1 . 

coming year. 

&

PLUMBER and 

STEAM FITTER 

Vol. XCIV, No. 19 DECEMBER 17, 1920 $2.00 a Year 

I Think Good Window Display Pays-D.H.Kelly 

That Statement Is a Valuable Contribution to the Welfare of the Plumbing 

and Heating Industry Because Mr. Kelly Talks from Experience—His Showroom 

Indicates How He Keeps His Eye on the Ball and Hits the Bullseye 

The man to listen to is the man who has proven his 

theory by actual trial. Therefore, when Mr. Kelly says, 

"I think that a good window display pays," after 49 

consecutive years of business experience in the plumbing 

and heating industry and backs that statement by maintaining 

the showroom shown in the illustration, that is 

proof. It is time to sit up and listen. More than that, 

it is time to take a close look at Mr. Kelly's window display. 

Find out why it pays, because, if it pays Mr. 

Kelly which it does, then it will pay you. 

LOCATED ON MAIN STREET 

A SELF-SUPPORTING SHOWROOM 

The business and showroom of D. H. Kelly is located 

at 3 Elizabeth street, Derby, Conn., a community of

558 PLUMBER ANJ. STEAM FITTER December 17. 1920 

10,000 population. It is located on one of the main 

streets and has two show windows as shown in the cut. 

WHAT IS A GOOD WINDOW DISPLAY? 

It will be easy to see that the window displays shown 

are what Mr. Kelly considers good. They are the kind 

that pays him. The other contains steam goods, and the 

other plumbing fixtures and bathroom accessories. Both 

present a neat appearance, are changed from time to 

time and are kept clean. The showroom itself looks 

neat and is kept clean. 

THE DISPLAY SHOWS THAT MR. KELLY HAS HIS EYE ON 

THE BALL 

The thing that makes display worth while, exceptionally 

good and pay, is the fact that Mr. Kelly keeps 

his eye on what be wants to accomplish—attract and 

please public attention. Both windows show that. 

Every glance at the showroom carries home to the 

public the fact that "there" is a plumbing establishment 

worth while. That is the fact which Mr. Kelly 

wants to drive home to the public, to his prospective 

customers. 

HOW THE PLUMBING DISPLAY HITS THE BULLSEYE 

A glance at the plumbing display shows a shower 

bath, curtains and receptacles, complete and neatly set, 

a pedestal lavatory fitted with faucets, a low-down vitreous 

china closet combination, also neatly set, also a 

plate glass shelf and a white medicine cabinet with 

mirror front. The shower is not an extremely expensive 

one, but it is of late design, up to the minute. The 

closet and lavatory are similarly of good quality, but 

of the very latest design, having graceful lines and being 

strictly up to the minute, as are the accessories. 

The first thing that hits the seeing public smack in 

the eye is neatness and grace. At the same time, the 

latest fixtures the market affords, at prices which are 

within the reach of the people of that community, are 

impressed upon their minds. That window tells the 

whole story. That's why it is good. 

THE STEAM WINDOW DOESN'T INDICATE THAT MR. KELLY 

LETS HIS AIM WAIVER 

One look at the steam goods displayed in the other 

window would convince the average member of the seeing 

public that Mr. Kelly has some of every kind of 

steam goods in the world. Isn't that hitting the ball, 

knocking facts right home at every glance? Look at 

the valves—can't help but see them—nine different 

sizes, set so that a child could tell that they were different 

sizes. Bushings, eleven different sizes, set the same 

way, pushing the idea right home that Kelly has all 

sizes of fittings and valves. To this are added steam 

gauges, oil cups, grease cups, lubricators, safety valves, 

thermometers and general pipe fittings. These indicate 

to the man having some knowledge of steam work that 

Mr. Kelly is equipped to handle high and low pressure 

steam and hot water work. 

That window pays because it also gets its story 

home. It makes an impression on the public and gives 

the interested man concise information. 

THE MASTER MIND SHOWN 

Backing up these two windows is the showroom, well 

stocked with fixtures, the whole indicating a man at the 

helm with a master mind, one who can be trusted to 

handle big things. Confidence, confidence in the ability 

of Mr. Kelly, is what that showroom impresses on the 

minds of the seeing public. It does it 365 days each 

year, plus an extra day on leap year. That's why it pavs. 

Views on Business Conditions 

R. G. Dun & Co. says: "Signs of betterment in 

business and sentiment, if slow to appear, are rather 

more distinct in certain quarters. Retail movement, 

although lacking the desired breadth, is accelerated 

as holidays draw nearer, and some primary 

markets are recovering a little from their 

lethargy." 

Bradstreet's states that reports on trade, prices, 

industry reveal cross currents, some of them in 

direction of improvement while others show recessions 

pointing to stabilization still being in progress. 

Retail trade reports are a shade better, particularly 

in West and West Central regions, holiday 

influences and price cutting inducing a larger business. 

Wholesale trade is rather less active. 

C. H. Sabin, president of Guaranty Trust Co., 

New York, says in article in December Guaranty 

News: "There is nothing mysterious or unexpected 

about present condition in either commodity or security 

markets. For months it has been certain, 

and it has been repeatedly so stated by students of 

situation, that there must be a liquidation of commodities, 

securities and labor before this country 

could fully recover from effects of war and be restored 

to anything like normal business basis." 

Heating Engineers at Bellevue-Stratford 

The entertainment of those who attend the next annual 

meeting of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating 

Engineers in Philadelphia 

next January is in the hands of the 

Eastern Pennsylvania Chapter 

with John F. Hale chairman of 

the entertainment committee. 

All arrangements have been made 

for holding the professional sessions 

in the auditorium of the 

CHAIRMAN JOHN 

F. HALS 

Bellevue-Stratford Hotel and to 

have the hotel as headquarters 

for the meeting. Mr. Hale was 

active in the Illinois chapter for 

many years and with his experience 

as past president of the 

society he is well qualified to 

make the hospitality grateful to 

those who visit the city and to 

provide those surroundings for 

the profession session which will 

add to their dignity and value to 

the profession. 

Kinsey & Mahler Co.'s Catalogue 

Catalogue E of the Kinsey & Mahler Co., describing 

and illustrating its manufacture of brass 

goods for steam, water and gas, also the complete 

line of iron pipe and fittings, steam and gas fitters' 

supplies, pumps, hose, packing, etc., which the 

company as jobbers, carries for the plumbing and 

heating industry, is ready for distribution among 

the trade. This catalogue is very well gotten up, 

and contains information on almost all lines of 

material which the plumber and steam fitter need to 

have. Copies can be had by addressing the company, 

Kinsey & Mahler Co., corner Adams and 

Harrison streets, Peoria, 111.

December 17, 1920 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

Power Assisted by Air Overcomes Troubles 

Air Columns Placed on the Pump Line Equalize Load by 

Absorbing Impulse Shocks, Thus Decreasing the Cost of Power 

The value of air columns on pipes conducting water 

from pumps is clearly demonstrated by the job as shown 

in illustration. This pumping system originally consisted 

of a Goulds "Pyramid" double acting pump, 5 in. 

stroke and 4 in. cylinder, connected with 950 ft, of 2-in. 

FIG - 1—SHOWING 12-FT. COLUMN OUTSIDE OF BUILDING 

pipe with outlets at various intervals for hose connections 

y-'m. hose being used, with belt connection to a 

1-hp. 1150 r. p. m. motor. 

A relief valve was placed on pump line as shown in 

illustration No. 1 immediately outside of air chamber 

for the purpose of relieving excess pressure. It was a 

1^-in. spring type relief valve. The pipe from that 

point was laid over comparatively level ground, making 

two right angle turns in getting to its destination. The 

second length extended about 50 ft. to a stream, making 

a water lift of 4 ft. 8 in. on the suction side of pump. 

FIG. 2—SHOWING TWO AIR COLUMNS WITHIN BUILDING 

Tests made on starting the apparatus indicated that continuous and showed very little effect of pulsation of 

it would not work satisfactorily. In fact, the motor be pumping throat. The motor ceased to heat and was of 

gan to heat immediately on being started and within a ample size for the work furnishing the water required. 

very few minutes became so hot as to make it impera The fault was a simple one and the remedy equally 

tive that it be turned off. This occurred even though the simple but efficient. Very little pulsation due to strokes 

relief valve were set at a very low pressure and all or of pump were noticeable at any outlet indicating that the 

the largest part of the water being wasted at that point air columns were taking up and equalizing the excess 

in order that the motor would operate the pump at all. pressure created in the original installation at each stroke 

The result was that very little water reached the hose of the pump. In other words, they equalized the load 

outlet, the quantity being far too small to meet the needs on the motor allowing of the full power developed by the 

for garden sprinkling. 

Increase of power was partially due to local electric 

motor being used to the best of advantage in placing the 

water where wanted. 

559 

company s rules, making it necessary to pay a stipulated 

monthly rate over the period of 12 mo. each yeaAvhere 

arger than 1 hp. motors were installed. In this case 

the water being pumped for garden irrigation only the 

pumping umt was wanted for use during two or three 

summer months only. Therefore the installation of a 

larger motor was prohibitive due to the large amount of 

money necessary to be paid to the electric company 

from which no benefit would be had by the owner. 

A computation of power necessary to supply the 

amount of water needed indicated to the engineers called 

in on this work that a 1 hp. motor could do the work 

provided the water could be gotten away from the pump 

rapidly enough. As the size of pipe could not be changed, 

only one alternative was feasible. Air columns must 

be employed to distribute the work to be done by the 

motor. Three air columns were used, all of them made 

of 2-in pipe, capped with a 2-in. cap having a y-'m. 

tapped opening in center to which was screwed a y-in. 

pet cock allowing air being admitted to the top of the column 

when necessary. One column 12 ft. high was placed 

near the outside of the building about 1 ft. from the tee 

shown in illustration Fig. 1. The other two, each 7 ft. 

6 in. high, were placed inside as shown in illustration 

Fig. 2, the first one at the first right angle turn in pipe 

about 250 ft. from pump and other at next elbow turn 

some 300 ft. distant dividing the pipe into three parts. 

This change in the system proved successful. Three 

y-'m. outlets running full size streams could be supplied 

at any three outlets in the line with no water wasted at 

the relief valve and with one stream only running with 

considerable waste at relief valve. It was practically


Evolution of Sanitary Ideas and Needs 

Recommendations and Conclusions of the Special Plumbing Board of the Massachusetts 

Board of Health Show the Growth and Importance of Plumbing and the 

Need of Plumbing Control and Scientific Study as a Basis for Plumbing Design 

This is a summary of the results of the investigations 

thus far made making certain recommendations which 

we trust will be duly considered by the citizens of the 

Commonwealth, modified as may be thought advisable 

and enacted into law by the General Court of 1921. It 

would have been possible for us to have included in this 

report a bill embodying the conclusions which we have 

reached, but as there are various matters upon which 

there is still some trade disagreement, it seemed to us 

that to force them to an issue in advance of a full and 

free discussion by all parties interested would render 

the passage of any bill unwise. Furthermore, the general 

public needs to be enlightened as to the facts in 

regard to plumbing regulation and the general status of 

the plumbing business. 

We believe that radical changes are needed in regard 

to plumbing regulation; that the plumbing "rules" 

should be extended so as to become virtually a "sanitary 

code," and that the importance of the change is so great 

that hasty legislation would certainly be bad exceedingbad 

legislation. 

CHANGES OF IDEAS AS TO SANITATION 

The present plumbing regulations were the result of 

the great sanitary awakening which began in England 

about the middle of the nineteenth century and soon 

extended to America. This brought in the water carriage 

system, and very greatly increased and facilitated 

the use of water and the disposal of human wastes 

originating within dwellings. Nothing, perhaps, has 

done more to make human habitations healthful and 

comfortable than the introduction of plumbing, with 

its many fixtures for using water and getting rid of 

liquid and solid wastes. 

The early plumbing systems were crude, fixtures were 

unsatisfactory and nuisances often resulted. Stoppages, 

leaks, foul odors and frozen pipes made trouble for the 

householder. At that period the world had sensed the 

relation between filth and disease, but it had not yet 

learned that it is the living pathogenic bacteria in filth 

which cause disease and not the filth itself. Pasteur 

and his successors had not then made their bacteriological 

discoveries which have revolutionized our whole 

conception of communicable diseases. Sewer gas was 

regarded as a poison and as the cause of various diseases 

such as diphtheria and typhoid fever. The fear 

of sewer gas took an exaggerated place in the regulation 

of plumbing. 

CHANGES IN PLUMBING REGULATIONS NEEDED 

The present-day regulations are an inheritance from 

a previous generation. Meanwhile, medical and sanitary 

sciences have advanced, and it is time to revise our 

plumbing regulations and place them in line with the 

modern ideas of preventive medicine. If sewer air is 

not the poisonous "gas" which our fathers and grand- 

- fathers feared, if the likelihood of its spreading disease 

germs is so small as to be almost negligible, let us face 

the fact and adjust our practice to this theory; but in so 

doing let us not go to an opposite extreme and remove 

all safeguards. To do this would be just as absurd as 

to make the safeguards too severe and too expensive. 

The only sound and safe way is to build on the exist 

ing foundations in the light of present day knowledge. 

Another change has occurred which has greatly altered 

the status of the plumber in the community. Cities 

have grown to such size that the personal relation between 

the plumber and the householder has largely disappeared. 

In small communities of course, it still exists. 

The master plumber was formerly engaged for 

work on the basis of his reputation for skill as well as 

for his business standing. The licensing system has in 

the public mind to a large extent replaced the personal 

relation, and this is not well, as an impersonal relation 

is likely to cause misunderstandings. 

CHANGES THROUGH LICENSING SYSTEM 

The licensing system is intended to and may assur 

the public that the licensed plumber—master or journeyman—has 

the requisite knowledge and skill, but it 

cannot stand as a guarantee of honesty and financial 

responsibility. It will be difficult, if not impossible, to 

restore the personal relation in a large city, but the laws 

should make it possible for the local plumber's shop to 

be maintained and profitably operated. 

Plumbing repair work is most important in any community, 

and unless the status of the master plumber is 

improved, well-equipped local shops will become 

scarce and the public will lose the advantage of quick repair 

work. 

In spite of the time-honored jokes which periodically 

recur, it i.s a fact that every householder should realize 

and does realize when emergencies arise—that the 

plumber is one of the most useful of our craftsmen and 

has difficult tasks to perform under trying conditions. 

He should not be criticised for carrying out work forced 

upon him by public regulations—sometimes unnecessarily 

severe—and for charging for this work when he 

has completed it. 

CHANGES IN MATERIALS 

The gradual change of materials commonly used has 

greatly altered plumbing systems. In former days lead 

pipes were largely used. Working in lead was a skilled 

art, and gave to the plumber his name. Joints were then 

made by soldering, and it was possible for a poor workman 

to make a leaky joint. To-day pipes of iron, stee. 

and brass have largely replaced lead pipe, and joints 

are made by merely screwing the pipe and the fittings 

together. 

No longer are tanks lined with sheet lead on the job; 

factory-made tanks are bought ready to install. All 

sorts of small fittings, formerly made by the plumber, 

can now be purchased ready for use. The plumber has 

become an assembler of parts. Lead joints in soil 

pipes, however, are still made on the job. The responsibility 

for workmanship has been to a considerable extent 

transferred from the plumber to the manufacturer. 

In spite of this change in materials the need of practical 

knowledge of the principles of house drainage still 

exists. A novice may be able to thread pipes and screw 

them to others, but he cannot know how best to locate 

them in buildings without unwisely cutting joists and 

floor timbers or otherwise damaging structural parts of 

the building, nor how to choose the best design to insure

December 17. 1920 P L U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER 

proper operation of the system and thus reduce the 

liability of repairs and replacements becoming necessary. 

The growth of great manufacturing corporations 

which sell their product all over the country has made it 

practically impossible for a State or city to establish or 

successfully maintain its own standards of material. 

What is needed in this matter is not so much legal regulation 

as co-operation between manufacturers, plumbers 

and health authorities. Our plumbing regulations have 

been outgrown, not only because of new ideas in sanitation, 

but because of new business conditions. 

CHANGES IN WATER SUPPLY CONDITIONS 

The rising standards in the quality of pulilic water 

supplies, in Massachusetts as elsewhere, is causing a 

substitution of ground waters and filtered waters for 

unfiltered surface waters. These improved supplies, by 

reason of their greater clearness, are making more apparent 

the need for study of the problem of corrosion, 

not only for iron and lead, but also for brass pipes because 

of an increase in dissolved carbonic acid. 

The interruptions in the water supply service for 

buildings are not as frequent as in past years, due in 

great measure to the use of devices for making connections 

in street mains while water is still flowing 

through them. 

There is a tendency to the use of higher pressures than 

formerly, and this increases the quantity of water used 

and adds to the danger of leakage in house plumbing 

and otherwise affects the design and use of fixtures. 

There is a steadily increasing use of meters for domestic 

as well as for manufacturing services. There is 

an increasing use of running water in small towns and 

rural districts which makes the problem of local disposal 

of greater importance than formerly. 

CHANGES IN SEWERAGE CONDITIONS 

There is a tendency towards the use of the separate 

system for surface and rain water drainage instead of 

tbe combined system of sewers. This naturally causes 

a separation between the rain water piping system and 

the sanitary house plumbing system. 

There is a greater demand for sewage treatment than 

in past years, and inasmuch as grease is a trouble.some 

substance to handle and increases the difficulty of purification 

processes, there is likely to be increasing need 

for keeping it out of tbe sewers as much as possible. 

It is also important to reduce the waste of water through 

leaky plumbing fixtures in order to keep down the cost 

of treating sewage and disposing of drainage as well as 

conserving the water supplied. 

CHANGES IN PUBLIC HEALTH IDEAS 

The advantages of sanitation having impressed itself 

permanently on the community and the principles of preventive 

medicine also having been practically accepted, 

the activities in the field of public health are shifting to 

personal hygiene and to the care of the human body. 

This is tending to increase the demand for water for 

washing and bathing purposes. Experience in army life 

has emphasized this need upon thousands of men who 

never before appreciated it. Personal cleanliness is likewise 

being taught in the schools. Personal cleanliness is 

rightly coming to be regarded as one of the elements of 

self-respect. This means that proper facilities for using 

water under reasonable regulation must be provided, 

both in the home and in factories. 

Modern ideas of hygiene emphasize the importance of 

personal contact in the spread of disease—the contact 

of hand to hand, the handling of articles recently touched 

by another person, the touch of the lips to a common 

drinking cup or a poorly designed "bubbler. The 

danger of disease being spread in this way is a hundredtold 

more important than the danger of the "sewer gas." 

PLUMBING CONTROL 

The control of plumbing in Massachusetts may be 

said to consist of four parts—licensing, regulation permits 

and inspection. In all the cities and in about 46 

towns which have adopted plumbing regulations master 

plumbers and journeymen must be examined and licensed 

in order to establish their competency to do 

plumbing work. This requirement is in line with compulsory 

education, and is intended to be a guarantee 

against ignorance and lack of skill. 

Regulation consists of setting up minimum requirements 

for the design, standards of materials, and workmanship 

in plumbing. These regulations differ very 

greatly in different parts of the State, and these differences 

are sources of great annoyance to plumbers and 

added expense to householders. 

In 260 towns there are no regulations whatever, and 

in these towns anybody can work at the business of 

plumbing. Permits to do specific plumbing jobs where 

regulations are in force are granted to master plumbers, 

and in a few such localities to journeymen plumbers, 

but in the 260 towns of the state without regulations no 

permits are required. 

Inspection, which is carried on under the direction of 

the local board of health or the local building department, 

is intended to give assurance that the work has 

been done properly and in accordance with the regulations—a 

guarantee against dishonesty, carelessness, 

flaws in materials, and accidents. Licenses, permits, 

regulations and inspections invariably go together, a 

town adopting all or none. 

The practice of examining and licensing plumbers appears 

to be working quite satisfactorily. The inspection 

service does not always give the protection expected 

of it because of the difficulty of enforcing penalties. 

Failure of authorities namely boards of health, building 

departments and even the courts—to back up the 

inspectors and secure compliance with the law naturally 

tends to discourage the inspectors and causes many of 

them to carry on their work in a perfunctory manner. 

Failure of the inspectors to be on the job at just the 

time desired causes delay in building with consequential 

losses. 

The inspection does not always include a test of the 

system after the fixtures are set, but only a water test 

of the piping. There is no provision for "follow up" 

inspections after the installation has been once approved 

and regular inspections by the health authorities are 

not generally made. Yet it is the old plumbing rather 

than the new which needs attention. 

The granting of permits to journeymen, which is 

sometimes done, has thrown an increasing burden on the 

inspector and this practice does not tend to give the best 

results. 

In our opinion the laws should be modified so as to 

throw a greater responsibility upon the master plumber 

—that is, upon the man of experience—placing less dependence 

upon the combination of journeyman and inspector. 

Master plumbers, maintaining a permanent 

shop, have a business and a craftman's reputation to 

sustain ; journeymen and inspectors do not have to do 

this to the same extent. 

If the practice of issuing permits to journeymen 

were done away with, and if it were made possible to 

establish minimum requirements for plumbing installations 

in small communities which at present time are 

without regulations, either omitting entirely permit and 

inspection, or making more general the district system 

now authorized by law, and trusting to some extent to


licensed master plumbers to comply with the regulations, 

with a penalty of loss of license for not complying with 

them, we believe that in sparsely settled localities the 

public interest would be sufficiently safeguarded. In 

other words, we believe that state wide plumbing regulations 

would be well enough administered in small 

communities under the district system or by the master 

plumbers themselves who have personal reputations to 

maintain among their neighbors, but that in large places 

where this personal relation cannot so readily exist, 

there should be the regular system of permit and inspection. 

Objection may be urged that this plan is impracticable 

because so much work is done today in small places 

by out-of-town plumbers, but the answer is that the 

public needs to have local plumbers to look after repair 

work, and it is not for the best interest of small communities 

to have all their plumbing work done by the 

plumbers of the large cities. We are of the opinion that 

each community should take the initiative and decide 

for itself those matters which relate to business and administration. 

REGULATION OF PLUMBING DESIGN 

The regulation of plumbing design is on a different 

basis. It does not involve business or administrativematters, 

but rests on scientific laws and practical experience. 

These are the same in one town as another. 

and there is no reasonable justification for the great variety 

of regulations found in the cities and towns of 

our own state. 

On the other hand, buildings differ and regulation of 

design applicable to one type of building is not appropriate 

for all other types of buildings. The single cottage 

house presents one problem; the three-decker 

and the apartment house of four or more stories another 

problem; the office building still another; the schoolhouse 

and factory different problems. There is no reason 

why a plumbing design unsuited to a three-decker 

in Boston is not equally unsuited to a three-decker on 

Cape Cod, barring possibly differences in the proximity 

or other buildings and the existence or absence of a 

sewer in the street. 

It seems to u.s that by carefully studying the needs 

of different buildings it will be possible to effect a 

classification which will accomplish two things, namely: 

First, to reduce the cost and trouble to the owner and 

builder of the small cottage house of the sort desired 

by wage earners and commonly found in small towns ; 

second, to give greater protection to those who live in 

miltiple dwellings which may be regarded as quasi-public 

dwellings, against the misuse of the common plumbing 

system by their co-occupants; and third, having 

made this classification, to be able thereby to extend the 

plumbing regulations in a uniform manner to the entire 

state. 

Such a classification will require care in its working 

out, and discussion by all who are interested in the 

housing problem. 

We are of the opinion that the laws regulating plumbing 

should be more elastic, but that they should be relatively 

uniform throughout the state in all localities operating 

thereunder, our suggestions being as follows : 

1. That the licensing of master plumbers and journeymen 

lie compulsory throughout the State. 

2. That minimum plumhing regulations for buildings of 

different classes be estab : ished and made uniform throughout 

lhe State; that these be mandatory for cities and large 

towns, but permissive for small towns. 

.1 That the permit and inspection systems be mandatory 

for cities and large towns, but permissive for small towns. 

4. That permits be granted only to master plumbers. 

5. That the installation of water piping systems which 

convey water to fixtures be regarded as plumbing work and 

subject to supervision and inspection the same as the drainage 

system. 

FEES FOR PERMITS 

It is our opinion that the fees to be paid for per 

should be merely nominal. For a single dwelling they 

should not exceed $1, but for large buildings in which 

the design is complicated and requires study by the inspecting 

officials the fee should be proportionately larger. 

As plumbing regulation is an exercise of the police 

power, no attempt should be made to have the fees pay 

the entire cost of the services. 

PENALTIES FOR NON-COMPLIANCE WITH REGULATIONS 

Inasmuch as the present method of securing enforce 

ment of plumbing regulations is often inoperative for 

reasons already stated, we are of the opinion that the 

best method of enforcement would be to have the law 

provide that the water supply shall not be furnished to a 

building (except temporarily for construction purposes) 

until both the water supply system and the house drainage 

system have met the approval of the proper authorities. 

This is merely the application of the method already 

in use for the installation of gas piping and fixtures. 

CERTIFICATES OF APPROVAL FOR MAINTENANCE OF 

PLUMBING 

As a further means of securing satisfactory plumbing 

and sanitary conditions it is our opinion that certificates 

of approval of maintenance should be issued in all 

cities and towns where inspections are made, such certificates 

being posted in multiple buildings constructed 

or used for the purpose of renting, these being quasipublic 

buildings. 

It is our further opinion that dwelling houses occupied 

solely by their owner and immediate family should 

be placed in a different class, and that the owner of such 

a building be not required to obtain such certificates. 

NEED OF UNIFORMITY 

It is our opinion that the present lack of uniform 

plumbing regulations in Massachusetts is the cause of 

numerous troubles, creating conditions which not only 

inject an element of confusion into the performance of 

plumbing work, but which ultimately increase the cost 

of such installations to the householders of tbe Commonwealth. 

It is also our opinion that the system of local option 

in plumbing regulations ought not to be carried to the 

extreme conditions which exist today, and that there is 

need of a uniform but simplified plumbing code which 

will establish minimum requirements for the various 

classes of buildings throughout the state. We recognize, 

liowever, that even a state-wide code cannot secure the 

necessary uniformity in plumbing materials, and that 

Ibis is a matter which must and should be taken up by 

the different states acting in a co-operative manner, 

and by the manufacturers of plumbing supplies acting 

in co-operation with the various state departments of 

health. 

REINSPECTION 

Inasmuch as old plumbing causes more trouble and is 

more likely to get out of order than new plumbing, 

greater attention should be given to the making of reinspections 

by the local authorities. Reinspections of 

multiple houses and single houses not occupied by their 

owners should be made annually, with less frequent reinspections 

of houses occupied by their owners. 



Electricity or Water—Which? 

Because You Have Always Stuck to Doing Purely a Jobbing and Contracting 

Business Is No Better Reason Why You Should Not Capitalize Your Sales 

Ability Than That Because Columbus Came Over in One, We Should Stick to 

Wooden Ships—Real Business and Dollar Profits Await the Live Plumbers 

in Every Community Whose Slogan Is None Other Than—Forward March 

The term electric washer is somewhat of a misnomer 

in that it implies washing with electricity when, as a matter 

of fact, the washing is done entirely by the action of 

water. While this may seem incorrect, the mechanical 

operation which takes place in one of the modern washers, 

so called electric washers, is simply a forced movement 

of water through the material being washed. The 

principle involved is identical with that which applies 

when the washing is done by hand. 

A solution is made of soap or similar compounds into 

which the materials are immersed to become saturated, 

OF WHAT USE, THE WASHING MACHINE LESS THE PLUMB 

ING CONNECTIONS TO SEWER WATER MAIN ? 

and by alternately being rubbed and dipped, the condition 

of the material being washed is that of being more 

and then less saturated with the solution in the tub, the 

dirt being carried off by the solution forced out of the 

materials being rubbed. In other words, the water 

forced through the clothes, cloth or whatever is being 

washed, carries off the dirt with it, whether the washing 

is being done by hand or by machine. 

When the use of water is considered, particularly in 

the modern homes, the article requiring it enters the 

domain of the plumber. This is so because the plumber 

is largely responsible for the progressive march of sanitation 

and sanitary appliances which enter so largely as 

necessities in making the modern homes convenient, 

comfortable and sanitary. Not only is the plumber 

largely responsible for the apparatus and methods peculiarly 

adapted to meet these needs but he furnishes the 

brain and man power necessary to, and does install them 

and the proper water and waste connections for them. 

The plumber then is pre-eminently qualified to install 

and instruct customers in the use of machines, appliances 

or appurtenances requiring the use of water in 

their operation. They are a ligitimate part of his domain. 

The so-called electric washer or electric washing machine, 

although primarily dependent upon the water for 

its operation, and upon suitable water and drainage 

connections for convenient operation, has to a large extent 

been handled by electrical, hardware and department 

stores. Plumbers who are so absolutely essential 

to getting the water to and from the machine have unfortunately 

remained passive while others were reaping 

the profits of this business. 

While this is unfortunate for the master plumbers the 

live wires in our trade are alive to this passive attitude 

of the past and are getting behind their washing machine 

business and collecting good profits for little sales 

talks to their customers. It is high time that plumbers 

step in and take more of the business as they are from 

day to day entering the homes of the prospects and are 

in a position to know exactly what is needed to make 

the operation of a washing machine in each home convenient 

and satisfactory. Further, the plumbers have in 

their employ men competent to make the necessary water 

and waste connections and are therefore the logical men 

to sell and install the machines. 

To much stress cannot be put on the need of plumbers 

actually participating in the sale of these machines, as 

there are records of firms selling 150 machines to a population 

of 3500 families in a period of 2 years lhat 

means real dollar profits on good, clean, satisfactory 

business. , . ... 

There is no mysterious method employed in selling 

them Advertise them and be prepared to explain their 


564 PLUMBERANDSTEAMFITTER December 17. 1920 

Highway Transportation Show Big Ev 

Special Educational Features to Prevail—Accident Prevention, Traffic 

Control, Highway Transportation and Relation of the Truck to the 

Farm, All Features Which Are to Be Given Special Consideration 

New York City's 1921 Highway Transportation Show 

will be the most novel, different and spectacular exhibition 

that has ever been witnessed in the history of 

New York motor circles. The plan of the show, which 

will be held from January 3 to 8 inclusive, at the 12th 

Regiment Armory, Sixty-second street and Columbus 

avenue, embraces a program consisting of a series of 

special days ; and each day will rival the other in making 

itself the day of the biggest event during the show. 

Monday, January 3, is to be "Opening Day;" Tuesday, 

"Army Day ;" Wednesday, "Motor Accident Prevention 

Day;" Thursday, "Highway Transportation 

Day;" Friday, "Farmers' Day," and Saturday, "Motor 

Truck Association Day." 

Altogether, the Highway Transportation Show, which 

will be held under the auspices of the Motor Truck Association 

of America, Inc., is certain to be of great interest 

to the city of New York. Show Week will be a 

week of such educational value to motor truck users and 

the general public that it will be well worth the price of 

admission. 

The Show Committee states that it is the real desire 

of the Motor Truck Association that the general public, 

as well a.s the motor truck users, attend the show ; and 

the program of events for the six consecutive days is 

planned to be of interest to young and old, business man 

and farmer. Many attractions are scheduled which 

will be of interest to the entire family—mother, dad and 

the children. Says the Show Committee: "There is no 

reason why interest in the motor truck and highway 

transportation should be confined to the head of the 

family." 

Like the railway, the motor truck has become a common 

carrier and is rapidly becoming a medium of great 

convenience for every community and for every entire 

family within that community. The school boy of 

to-day is the builder of the great American highway of 

to-morrow, which will see the motor truck systematically 

co-operating with the railways and waterways for 

the greater prosperity of America. 

It is thought that the purposes of the show are of such 

a nature and of such broad scope that no avenue of 

endeavor but what will be influenced by their final accomplishment. 

The basic reasons and purposes for holding this show 

are identical with those advocated by the Motor Truck 

Association of America; and are as follows: 

BASIC PURPOSES OF MOTOR SHOW 

educational addresses by many national and eminent 

authorities on the absorbing subjects of the present day. 

Letters are pouring in daily to the Highway Transportation 

Show Headquarters, 144 West Sixty-fifth 

street, requesting information and the Show Committee 

states that it is particularly gratifying to note the interest 

that is being taken in the coming show. Particularly 

is this satisfying, in view of the fact that New 

York is the greatest motor truck market in the world, 

and probably the greatest user of the motor truck. It 

is estimated that there are over 35,000 motor truck users 

in this city alone. 

It is contemplated that the exhibits will contain a 

number of special educational features on a scale which 

has never been attempted in a motor show heretofore. 

It is the plan of the Committee that there will be a 

magnificant display depicting the evolution of transportation, 

starting from the time man first conceived the vehicle 

of transportation, and ending with the present day 

and the newest method of transportation now. employed—The 

Motor Truck. It is probable that this display 

will also embrace all present methods of transportation 

; i. e., the railway, waterway, airway and highway. 

MOTOR ACCIDENT PREVENTION 

1. To further demonstrate, both through discussion and dis 

A new innovation in the Highway Transportation 

Show is "Motor Accident Prevention Day." Traffic 

control is now being made a considerable study by our 

larger cities; and particularly is this true in New York. 

The Motor Truck Association desires to co-operate with 

New York City in minimizing the number of accidents 

daily, caused by careless drivers and a lack of knowledge 

on the part of the public of traffic regulations. Commissioner 

Enright, in his recent speech before the Motor 

Truck Association, says: 

When traffic, and particu'arly commercial traffic is stagnated, 

this city will begin to lose its commercial supremacy—for business, 

once driven from the city, due to inadequate transportation 

facilities within our business districts, will never return; 

and, furthermore, the cost of handling the business of this 

city, with the tremendous increase in overhead expenses chargeable 

to traffic congestion and resulting delays in the transportation 

and delivery of goods, will make it manifestly impossible 

for our merchants to compete with business concerns of a similar 

nature in other localities, who are not subjected to these 

conditions and unnecessary expense. 

The advent of the motor truck and motor car, which has been 

of such immense benefit, both for commerce and pleasure, to 

the people of this city, now threatens, by its growth and immensity, 

to produce a harvest of dragon's teeth. 

The number of these machines using the city streets are inplay, 

the necessity and advantages of a National Highway Syscreasing so rapidly that at certain hours in the day they create 

tem which will support the general and economic use of the a virtual blockade en masse, which is almost beyond human 

motor truck. 

ingenuity to control. The result is a slowing down of the 

2. To educate motor truck users. 

very thing they are intended to speed up—viz; the transaction 

3. To further educate the general public in the economic ad ot business and the facility of commerce and traffic. 

vantages derived in the employment of the motor truck as a It is the hope of the Motor Truck Association that 

means of transport. 

this day will be of considerable assistance to the city 

Included in the program are a series of contests offer in its campaign of education of the public. 

ing valuable prizes to the winner. These contests will Vieing with this day will be "Highway Transportation 

pertain particularly to the special days on which they Day; and will mean a united effort on the part of many 

will be conducted. As soon as detailed plans are com organizations interested, who have advocated a National 

pleted, rules and awards for these contests will be made Highway System. The Motor Truck Association is 

public. The program also contemplates a series of strongly in favor of highways that "start somewhere 

and end somewhere," (Continued and on the Page proposed 578) 

system of con-


New Treatment of Hot Water Heatin 


Circulation and Their Application to Heating Buildings 

By EDWARD E. PARKER 

PART XI 

Although the building of chimneys is usually outside 

the province of the heating contractor, a good chimney 

is a very essential factor in any successful heating plant, 

and the necessity for it cannot be too strongly insisted 

upon. No heating apparatus can give proper results 

if the draught is poor, and a large proportion of the 

complaints which come to every heating contractor are 

due to some chimney defect. 

The contractor should therefore always insert a clause 

in his proposals to the effect that "The owner must furnish 

a chimney flue of such size and character as to insure 

an active draught, and no guarantee as to the performance 

of the apparatus shall hold good unless this 

condition is complied with." 

Even the insertion of such a clause in the contract 

is only a partial protection to the contractor, as there is 

no one more difficult to convince than a dissatisfied customer 

that there is something the matter with the draught 

,,*-" 

_„«»''' 

1 

r 

i 

i 

i 

\J 

. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

f \ 

\ —""/ / 

_. y t 

J 

^ 

^ ^ 

FIG. 37 SMOKE PIPES AR- FIG. 38 METHOD OF CON- 

RANGED TO AVOAD CHOKING NECTING SEVERAL PIPES TO 

DRAFT ONE FLUE 

in his chimney. He contends that the draught is excellent 

and to prove it holds a candle up to some crack in the 

chimney and asks you to notice how tbe flame is deflected 

toward it. Then there are his coal bills, visible 

proof of the immense amount of fuel that the thing consumes. 

In spite of the popular belief, neither of these tests is 

of any great value in determining the efficiency of a 

chimney. The first simply shows that there is a flow oi 

air into the chimney through some small opening, wholly 

regardless of the fact that the draught to be effective in 

removing the gases of combustion from some hundreds 

of square inches of fire, must have volume as well as intensity. 

The combustible in ordinary coal is mostly carbon 

and hydrogen. In combustion a chemical action takes 

place in which these elements combine with the oxygen 

in the air and heat is the result. Chemists tell us that 

carbon always combines with other elements in weights 

of 12, or some multiple of that number, while oxygen 

unites in weights of 16 or its multiples. Carbon unites 

with oxygen in two ways, one where 1 lb. of carbon 

unites with iy lbs. of oxygen and produces carbon monoxide. 

In this process 4450 B. t. u. are evolved. In the 

other 1 lb. of carbon unites with 2% lbs. of oxygen and 

1 

i 

i 

i 

i 

1 

i 

i 

i 

i 

1 

the result is carbon dioxide and heat amounting to 14600 

H. t. u. The hydrogen in the fuel unites with the oxygen 

in the air in equal weights, and united in that proportion 

is wholly consumed. If that amount of oxygen 

is not available when the coal is burned, the hydrogen 

passes away up the chimney and is a total loss. 

It will thus be seen that 1 lb. of coal burned under 

conditions where an insufficient quantity of oxygen is 

supplied, produces less than one third of the heat that 

it should and to burn fuel effectively and economically, 

a large amount of air must pass through the fire and 

up the chimney, the oxygen in about 300 cu. ft. of air 

being necessary to burn 1 lb. of coal with efficiency and 

economy. 

The expansion of this air, caused by the heat from the 

fire as it passes through it makes the air in the chimney 

much lighter than an equal volume of outside air, and 

so it is pushed up the chimney by exactly the same force 

as that, which it has already been shown, causes the circulation 

of water. The cold air which pushes the hot 

air up the chimney goes through the burning fuel, where 

it parts with its oxygen is heated in the process, passes 

into the chimney from which it is ejected, to make way 

for the fresh air which the force of gravity compels to 

follow the same route. 

It will thus be seen that the wasted air from combustion 

must not only move rapidly up the chimney but 

the flue must be of sufficient area so that the quantity of 

air necessary to produce complete combustion over the 

entire surface of the grate may pass easily through it, 

and also that it is not in the interest of economy to attempt 

to keep outgoing gases at too low a temperature. 

The heating contractor is often compelled to take the 

chimney flue as it is and make the best of it, but he 

should do his best to impress upon owners and architects, 

the value of good chimneys and protest against 

having the draught of the hot water heater ruined by 

connecting open water closet and gas lieater vents into 

the same flue. 

SIZE OF CHIMNEY FLUES FOR BOILEKS 

A round flue with an area one tenth that of the grate 

is a good size. As smoke always ascends in a spiral, 

a square flue is no more effective than a round one with 

20 per cent less area. Round, square and oblong flues 

are effective in the order named. 

The following table by William Kent is often used 

by architects in determining the size of chimney flues 

necessary in heating work. The figures given under the 

varying height of chimneys are the theoretical diameters 

of round flues or the sides of square ones necessary to 

properly do the work. In practice the flue should be the 

next size larger than the dimension given, as determined 

by the size of bricks or the commercial dimensions of 

tile linings. 

While proper area and sufficient height are essential 

to an efficient chimney flue, these alone are not enough 

to insure an active draught. Buildings or trees higher 

than the top of the chimney often cause the wind to 

eddy down upon it, causing a poor draught. If the


chimney cannot well be carried high enough to escape 

these eddies, a cowl such as any competent sheet iron 

worker can make, will be likely to cure the trouble, but 

it should be of such a size as not to obstruct the flow of 

air. 

When there are two or three flues in the same chimney, 

holes through which the air can leak from one flue 

to another will seriously retard the draught. 

Too much care cannot be taken when the chimney is 

Diameter of Chimneys for Heating Boilers 

Direct Radiation 


in Sq. 

Feet 

250 

500 

750 

1000 

1500 

2000 

3000 

4000 

5000 

6000 

7000 

8000 

9000 

10000 

Water 

in Sq. 

Feet 

375 

750 

1150 

1500 

2250 

3000 

4500 

6000 

7500 

9000 

10500 

12000 

13500 

15000 

20 ft. 

7.4 

9.6 

11.3 

12.8 

15.2 

17.2 

20.6 

23.6 

26. 

28.4 

30.4 

32.4 

34.0 

37. 

30 ft. 

7. 

9.2 

10.8 

12. 

14.4 

16.3 

IS.5 

22 2 

24.6 

26.8 

28.8 

30.6 

32.4 

34. 

Height of Chimney Flue 

40 ft. 

6.7 

8.8 

10.2 

11.4 

13.4 

15.2 

18.2 

20.8 

23. 

25. 

27. 

28.6 

30.4 

32. 

50 ft. 

6.4 

8.2 

9.6 

10.8 

12.8 

14.5 

17.2 

19.6 

21.6 

23.4 

25.5 

26.8 

28.4 

30. 

60 ft. 

6.2 

8. 

9.3 

10.5 

12.4 

14. 

16.6 

19. 

21. 

22.8 

24.4 

26. 

27.4 

28.6 

80 ft. 

6. 

6.6 

8.8 

10. 

11.5 

13.2 

15.8 

17.8 

19.4 

21.2 

'3. 

24.2 

25.6 

27.0 

built to see that each flue is tight from top to bottom. 

For that reason the inside of each flue should be plastered 

or better still, provided with a round tile lining. 

As the activity of the draught depends upon keeping 

the ascending gases as warm as possible, chimneys 

should never be built on the outside of buildings, where 

it is possible to avoid it. 

An outside chimney should never have less than an 

8-in. wall on the exposed sides, and if there is a thickness 

of tile inside, so much the better. 

The smoke pipe leading from the heater into the 

chimney should be as direct as possible and not reduced 

in size beyond the proportion already mentioned. Care 

should be taken that it does not project into the chimney 

flue so as to reduce the size of the smoke passage. Every 

fire should have a separate flue, but where this is impossible, 

a tight damper should be placed in each smoke 

pipe so that no cold air can leak into the flue when that 

fixture is not in use. 

INDICATION OF IMPERFECT COMBUSTION 

Coal tar leaking out from the joints of the smoke pipe 

is a sure sign of imperfect combustion and indicates 

that something is wrong with the draught. If the flue 

has sufficient area, there is a chance that it is clogged 

with soot higher up, and care should be taken to see that 

the obstruction is removed. If the contractor is compelled 

to do his best with a poor flue, he should select a 

heater with the smoke passages as direct and open as 

possible, even at the sacrifice of what, under more favorable 

conditions, would be valuable fire surface. 

If, of necessity, several fires must be taken care of by 

the same flue, stopping off the flow of smoke so as to 

direct it upward, as shown in Fig. 37 and 38 will often 

prove a great benefit. 

If the two flues in the chimney are connected together 

below the entrance of the smoke pipe of the heater, the 

flue should be stopped off with a sheet iron plate and the 

cracks cemented. 

An opening of this sort can often be demonstrated by 

putting a piece of burning paper into one opening while 

the hot gases from the heater are going into the other 

ooening. If the flame is deflected downward, it is proof 

that somewhere below is an opening into the heated flue. 

Hard coal of stove or egg size is the standard fuel 

throughout the eastern portion of the United States, 

and is the fuel on which it is usual to rate the capacity of 

hot water heaters. 

INFORMATION ON FUEL 

From 4 to 8 lb. of coal per hour should be burned 

in cold weather on each square foot of grate. 

If necessary to use a fuel of inferior thermal value 

or a coal that cakes readily, thus retarding the passage 

of air through the fire to the chimney, a heater with a 

larger grate area will be needed. In all cases the fire 

pot should be kept full of fuel, no matter what the rate 

of combustion may be, so that the fire will be kept up 

to the point where it will do its work most effectually, 

which is up within a reasonable distance of the crown 

sheet of the heater. 

In cold weather when it is necessary to use the heater 

HEAT VALUE OF VARIOUS FUELS 

State 

Alabama 

Alabama 

Alabama 

Arkansas 

Arkansas 

Colorado 

Colorado 

Colorado 

Illinois 

Illinois 

Illinois 

Illinois 

Illinois 

Illinois 

Illinois 

Illinois 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

lowa 

Kansas 

Kansas 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Kentucky 

Jênturky 

Maryland 

Marvland 

Maryland 

Missouri 

Missouri 

New Mexico 

Ohio 

Obio 

Oklahoma 

Pennsyh ania 

Pennsvlvania 

Pennsylvania 

Pennsvlvania 

Pennsvlvania 

Pennsvlvania 

Pennsvlvania 

Pennsvlvania 

Pennsvlvaria 

Pennsylvania 

Pennsylvania 

Pennsvlvania 

Pennsylvania 

Pennsylvania 

Pennsvlvania 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia 

West Virginia 

Location or Name of 

Mine 

Kind of Coal 

Bibb County 

Bituminous 

Jefferson County . Bituminous 

Pratt. City 

Bituminous 

Huntington Countv . . Bituminous 

Coal Hill 

Bituminous 

T as Aruruas County. . Bituminous 

Trinidad District. . . . Bituminous 

Routt County. . 

Bituminous 

Vermillion County. . Bituminous 

Peoria County 

Bituminous 

Staunton County. . Bituminous 

Williamson County. . . Bituminous 

Franklin Countv 

Bituminous 

St. Clair County 

Bituminous 

Tontine 

Bituminous 

Mount Olive 

Bituminous 

Christopher 

Bituminous 

Block 

Bituminous 

Milwaukee Pea. . . . Bituminous 

What Cheer 

Bituminous 

Cherokee County. . Bituminous 

TCnglevale 

Bituminous 

Crawford County Bituminous 

Hookins Countv 

Bituminous 

Bell Countv. . .' Bituminous 

Hiller 

Bituminous 

Barrelhille 

Bituminous 

West Virginia 

George's Creek 

Bituminous 

Can-eft Hocking County Valley. 

Bituminous 

Iackson Bevier County 

Bituminous 

Elstcn Cool 

Bituminous 

Wvoming District Bituminous 

«rhuyll-ill Pegion Bituminous 

p 

lvmouth Mine 

Bituminous 

Pittston 

Bituminous 

Scranton 

Anthracite 

Mid Valley 

Anthracite 

Kingston 

Anthracite 

T.ehigh District. . Anthracite 

Allegheny County Anthracite 

Cambria County". Anthracite 

r'unxatawr'ev 

Anthracite 

Voughioghen-c. 

Anthracite 

Somerset Countv. . . . Bituminous 

Clearfield County Bituminous 

West Newton 

Bituminous 

Campbell Countv. . . . Bituminous 

Fort Worth , . . . Bituminous 

Tazewell Co. Pocahontas Bituminous 

Carbon Hill 

Bituminous 

Raleigh Countv 

Bituminous 

Pnvette. 

Bituminous 

Elk Garden " ] Bituminous 

Aharon & Smithers. Bituminous 

Oregon. Cepis & Welsh. Bituminous 

New River 

Bituminous 

Bituminous 

Bituminous 

-West Virginia 

Bituminous 

West Virginia 

West Virginia 

Coal Gas 

Coke 

Wood 

Peat 

Petroleum 

Bituminous 

Value in 

B. T. V. perlh. 

12.232 to 14,537 

13,383 to 14.353 

13. 9 to 14.500 

12.100 to 12.550 

11,600 to 11.S20 

12.300 to 12,600 

12.450 to 13,100 

12.30C to 12,900 

11.321 to 11,440 

losno to 13.373 

12.152 to 12,546 

11.022 to 12,110 

12,250 to 12.791 

10.150 to 11,085 

10.000 to 11.000 

11,200 to 11,800 

11.100 to 11.500 

10.200 to 10,450 

10.000 to 10,300 

S.COO to S.400 

12.132 to 13,966 

11.020 to 12.547 

12,000 to 13.100 

11.500 to 12.000 

12.500 to 13.050 

13.500 to 14,000 

14,100 to 14.400 

13,011 to 14,397 

13.S00 to 14.000 

0,800 to 10.000 

12.500 to 12.700 

11.500 to 11,800 

13.000 to 13,300 

11,500 to 11.700 

11,000 to 11.200 

11.500 to 12,000 

10.642 to 12.180 

13.071 to 13.581 

11.215 to 12.386 

10,500 to 12,000 

12.228 to 12,995 

13,440 to 14,000 

12.500 to 13.100 

12.S27 to 13.824 

14.435 to 14.936 

14,301 to 14.755 

12.370 to 13.778 

14.478 to 14.853 

:4.247 to 14,597 

2.106 to 12.400 

3.050 to 14.500 

",450 to 11,800 

4,460 to 14.650 

2,200 to 12.850 

4.666 to 15.177 

4,950 to 15.363 

3,000 to 14,100 

2,..00 to 14,295 

3,025 to 14,867 

.4,450 to 14 700 

23,513 

3,550 

7,702 

0,051 

27,531 

at. or near its capacity, the ashes should be shaken down 

so that there will be a clean bright fire the whole depth 

of the fire pot. Care should be taken to see that the 

ashes do not pile up in the ashpit, so as to cut off the 

flow of fresh air to all parts of the grate, as this will 

not only interfere with the fire but will soon ruin the 

grate itself. The flue surface throughout the heater 

should be carefully looked after to see tbat the soot is


not allowed to accumulate, as the soot will very seriously 

impair both the service and the efficiency of the heater. 

Will Hold Triple Convention 

The preceding table gives the theoretical value of 

various fuels, as determined by the calorimeter. 

This is a double walled vessel which is immersed in a 

tank of water. Within the inner vessel is placed a cartridge 

or shell. A small quantity of fuel is powdered 

and put into this cartridge, together with a sufficient 

quantity of oxygen to make complete combustion. The 

charge is then ignited by means of an electric spark 

and, as the combustion takes place the vessel is revolved 

so that the surrounding water comes in contact with the 

heated surface. A thermometer in the water records 

the initial temperature and finally the maximum temper 

A triple convention of the National Supply and 

Machinery Dealers' Association, the Southern Supply 

and Machinery Dealers' Association and the 

American Supply and Machinery Manufacturers' Association 

will be held at Atlantic City, May 16, 17 

and 18, 1921, with headquarters for' all three associations 

to be at the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel. 

This i.s the first time that the three organizations 

have participated in a joint convention since 

the Pittsburgh convention of 1916. Since that year 

the Southern Supply and Machinery Association has 

held its own conventions, and original plans had 

ature to which the water has been raised. As the water called for a continuance of this plan for 1921. How 

has been carefully weighed, it is easy to establish how ever, because of the weighty problems before the 

many B. t. u. have been put into each pound of water industry throughout the country, the executive com 

and consequently the thermal value of tbe fuel tested. mittee of the association decided at a conference 

Perhaps the time is not far distant when the ordinary last week to accept the invitation of the two other 

house holder will buy his coal, not by the ton but as organizations to meet with them in Atlantic City. 

many large consumers are now buying it, on the B. t. u. 

basis as determined by chemical analysis. 

HEAT VALUE OF VARIOUS FUELS 

One cubic foot of anthracite coal weighs 50 lb.; bituminous 

coal 40 lb. and coke 28 lb. 

The following approximations for the use of coal in 

the latitude of New York, are taken from Power. 

Eighty pounds of coal will supply 1 ft. of radiation 

for the season. The grate area x 4.4 gives the tons of 

coal for the season. Each cubic foot to be heated will 

require 9 lb. of coal for the season. 

(To be Continued) 

Greeting 

We extend to our members and all others engaged 

in the Industry our sincere wish that their 

Christmas Days may be filled with happiness and 

that the New Year may bring to them Peace and 

Prosperity. 

While the world marks time the minds of men 

grope their way through the darkness of War's 

aftermath seeking the Light of Peace over roads 

strewn with barriers seemingly new and impassable. 

Are these barriers new or are they not the same 

that have impeded the World's progress since the 

beginning of time? 

Have we discovered new remedies for evil or 

must we go back to the first principles of law given 

on a mountain top by a Creator to His struggling 

people? 

Shall men in public and private life trample the 

rights of others or shall the Rule of Might give 

place to the Golden Rule? 

Shall this nation confess its inability to meet and 

solve the problems of reconstruction after our 

splendid service rendered to the cause of humanity 

in the days when civilization was at stake or shall 

we, with an abiding faith in a Divine Providence 

and a forgetfulness of self, apply the real remedy 

for a World's unrest? 

When we have correctly answered these questions 

we will have removed the barriers to a place 

that fills the earth with its sunshine. 

Three Schoolhouses for New Bedford, Mass. 

567 

New Bedford, Mass., is planning the erection of 

three schoolhouses to cost approximately $2,000,000. 

General contracts are soon to be awarded, bids 

having been received and the J. W. Bishop Co., 

Worcester, Mass., having submitted the lowest bids. 

The bids were $668,356, $658,356 and $566,331 respectively 

for the grammar grade buildings. 

The city of Quincv, Mass., is considering the erection 

of a'$1,000,000 new High school, plans for 

which hav not yet been prepared. 

No plumbing or heating contracts have been let 

in any of them. 

From D. F. Durkin, President of the National Association 

of Master Plumbers of the United States, Inc. Evolution of Sanitary Ideas and Needs 


As a result of our study of the subject of plumbing 

we have been impressed by the necessity of having a 

state sanitary code covering not only the drainage system 

of buildings, but the distribution of water within 

buildings as well, together with the disposal of house 

sewage especially in the localities where public sewers 

do not exist. This code should also contain regulations 

concerning other matters, such as the sanitation of 

buildings, lighting, ventilation and many other topics 

which are commonly classed under the head of housing. 

NEED OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY 

Although the regulation of plumbing design ought and 

is supposed to rest on scientific principles, it is an anomalous 

situation that now exists, and science has not yet 

given sufficient attention to some of the most fundamental 

of plumbing problems. 

The siphoning of traps, the downward flow of liquids 

and solids, the displacement of air in vertical soil stacks. 

the velocity of air in vent pipes, the ventilation of watercloset 

compartments, the design of fixtures, the effect of 

the use of flush valves on the flow of water in the pipes, 

the necessary thickness of cast-iron pipe and fittings, 

and so on, are problems which require greater study. 

Plumbing rules to-day are based on experience, not 

on scientific theory. Scientific research in this field is. 

therefore greatly needed.

568 PLUMBFR AND STEAM FITTER December 17. 1920 

The Light of Others' Experience 

There is no need to travel the dark hard road of 

business blindly, if one will be guided by the light of 

others' experience. That applies to you antl to me, 

equally as it does to our neighbour. All too often are 

we prone to disregard or fail to appreciate the teachings 

of others' experience. The opportunities thus 

wasted, we have, after months and often years of 

work, arrived at just where we might have started. 

The* first article of this issue gives the conclusion in 

regard to window display of nearly a half century of 

business experience in the plumbing and steam fitting 

industry. It should stand out as a beacon light to 

tliose who are uncertain as to display value. 

Keep the Public Informed 

In all communities where Trade Extension Bureau 

work is being carried on, the utmost publicity should 

be given to this work. The public must be made to 

understand that while this work is primarily to increase 

the profits and welfare of the plumbing industry, this 

is not to be accomplished by exorbitant rates or 

prices, or restraint of competition, but rather by sound, 

consistent charges for work efficiently and well done 

and the elimination of waste. The past has witnessed 

gross misunderstanding of plumbing and the plumber, 

resulting in unjust criticism, misrepresentation, in 

malignacy and ridicule, completely blanking worthy 

efforts of the industry, thus branding it with the stigma 

of ill repute. A start has been made that offers 

every promise of clearing up false impressions held 

in the past and opening up an era of better conditions 

for all. There is no room for any misunderstanding 

of the object of tbe Trade Extension Bureau work. 

Christmas Greetings 

This the last number of this journal before Christmas 

carries to every reader the heartiest and most 

cordial good wishes of the editors and publishers for 

a Happy Christmas Season. Accompanying these good 

wi.shes is the hope that the coming year will bring its 

full share of health, happiness and prosperitv to all. 

And this message although addressed to all is intended 

as an individual message to every reader. The editors 

may hardly hope to meet every reader of this journal 

personally but there is no reason why there should not 

be a feeling of closest intimacy between them. In fact 

there is every reason why there should be a close bond 

of friendship between reader and editor on any trade 

journal. The entire time and attention of the editor 

is devoted to placing before the reader through thc 

journal information which will be of the greatest help 

to him. To be successful in his work he must be sincerely 

in sympathy with the problems of the readers 

of his journal and ever ready to help them with any 

and all problems they may submit to him. On the other 

hand the reader should feel that his trade journal is 

a source of information through which he may obtain 

a great deal of valuable information to help him in 

the conduct of his business and he should also look 

upon it as a free information bureau which is not only 

willing but even anxious to help him out on any prob 

lem be it a shop, office or buyng difficulty. Thus this 

journal not only avails itself of this opportunity to 

express hearty good wishes for health, happiness and 

prosperity to its readers, but also to impress upon its 

readers its desire to do everything within its power to 

bring them a happy and prosperous business condition. 

Opening the New Year 

Certainty that all of the new year will be as the man 

at the head of the business desires that it should be, 

can only be realized if the course laid down will insure 

tlie desired outcome. Happiness for the new year depends 

upon the success of the enterprise. Success is always 

built on the strict observance of sound business 

principles. This is the time of year to realize that drifting 

along and taking business as it comes is so widely 

practised that the majority of tradesmen are not successful 

in the true meaning of the word. They are making a 

living but carrying with it risks and responsibilities far 

in excess of those who are wage workers and thrifty 

enough to save and utilize their spare time in conducting 

small enterprises, adding to their financial strength. 

Many men who have always commanded good wages 

and who have been careful and thrifty are in a better 

position to retire than men who in their old age find 

their business has not paid well, that it is impossible to 

realize on their holdings and, when forced to retire, 

their condition i.s pitiable. There is no need for such 

an end for any business man now actively serving the 

people's need. This year finds many manufacturing 

concerns co-operating in the advance of movements for 

general trade betterment. A notable instance in our 

field is the Xational Trade Extension Bureau and to be 

ignorant of its service and value is a neglect for which 

there is no excuse. A part of the new year enterprise 

for old established and new beginners as business men 

is to cast loose from old moorings which have profited 

neither the tradesman nor his customers and grasp the 

newly made opportunities that sound sales campaigns 

are offering to all who are alert to render the greatest 

service in their fields.






From C. T. B., Pa.—I notice an inquiry in your paper 

of October 8, about sink waste troubles, and an answer 

given in the issue of November 5. The man that makes 

the inquiry, and the man giving the answer are not 

practical men at their business or they would bave discovered 

the cause and the remedy without applying for 

assistance. 

We venture an answer to the problem, not so much 

to give assistance to the men concerned, as for the 

SINK WASTE TROUBLES 

health of the householder that must tolerate men of that 

class to install work on their premises that is detrimental 

to the life and well-being of those occupying the 

house. 

There are several defects in this job that could be 

overcome by men that have made tbeir business a study 

and a part of themselves. And for tbe benefit of the 

occupants of the building, I venture a sketch that will 

help to overcome in a large measure the trouble complained 

of. Without going into detail, the man that 

follows the information given from time to time in the 

trade papers will soon be able to overcome just such 

defects as these. 

Trouble with Water Back in Range 

From F. N., New York—In answer to "F. R. T.," 

Vermont, issue of November 19, analyzing the situation 

as given bv him, I am of the opinion that there can be 

only one cause for the bursting of the water fronts and 

that is pressure from within. Notwithstanding his pressure 

gauges, he will find that during the night the pressure 

runs up—and this can happen in only one way. 

The pressure reducer leaks. It may be so little that it is 

not noticeable in the daytime because water being drawn 

keeps the pressure down, but at night the pressure from 

all the mains is much higher so that the water is forced 

through the reducer and this causes all of the trouble. 

To remedy this is another question for, while he might 

put in a reducer that would not leak on the start, a particle 

of dirt or some scale from the inside of the pipe 

might cause a slight leak in a few hours after it was put 

in. 

He can prove or disprove my theory by taking the 

trouble to have the gauge watched and see if the pressure 

does not run up. If it does, it certainly proves that the 

pressure reducer leaks. I know of only one absolute 

remedy, and that is to shut the water off from the main 

during the night, or if nothing else gives him trouble 

but the water front, to shut that off by stopping the city 

water going into the kitchen boiler. 

From H J., 111.—Referring to the query of "F. R. 

T.," Vermont, in the issue of November 19, I wish to 

state that I think the trouble is due to either a leaky 

pressure reducer or a relief valve which is stuck or to 

both of them, as at night there is no water being used 

and the pressure runs up to 130 lb., and when a little 

fire is left in the heater, as there will be at this time 

of year, the pressure is likelv to run up to several hundred 

pounds, which of course will do one or two things, 

except open the relief valve. 

There is no such thing as a dependable relief valve 

unless it be tried every night. And if that is done, the 

relief valve will leak' which is a nuisance. The only 

other thing reliable is mercury, and a relief valve built 

on the order of the Honeywell pressure valve would be 

the only thing which could be depended on for relief 

valve, as the pressure is held in check by the weight of 

mercury and cannot get stuck. 

I would suggest that "F. R. T." hitch a pressure recording 

instrument on the line, or if no such animal is 

on hand in a small town, any kind of a pressure gauge 

will do. An automobile tire gauge is just as good as 

any recording instrument, as it will not return to zero. 

If that is not to be had or not practical, he could use a 

hi

570 PLUMBERAND STEAM FITTER December 17, 1920 

It is very possible that at the time the water back was 

installed the plumber was made to fix those leaky 

faucets which of course made things come up to pressure, 

therefore the trouble has resulted ever since. 

Cracked Boiler Sections 

From B. T. M. C, Maine—Will you please tell 

me what makes section boilers get so much strain on 

them and break? About 6 years ago I put in a hotwater 

heater for a customer. It was a sectional 

heater with a top header and two side headers, the 

kind that has a threaded nipple, and lock nuts to 

make the headers fast to boiler and watertight. 

About 3 weeks ago a section sprung a leak, and I 

found it was cracked, so I started to take off the 

front section. It was the second one that was 

cracked. When I put a big wrench on the front 

nipple to unscrew it, "blam" went the top header. 

It broke right off, and the top of the front section 

sprung out about 3 in. All tbe rest of the sections 

seemed to be under just the same strain, and the 

owner niaintains that it was my fault because the 

front section broke the header. 

Can you tell me what made this break, and how 

I might have taken this boiler down without any 

danger of the sections breaking or breaking the 

headers, if there is any possible way that that 

could be done? 


What is the real reason for the manufacturer's 

showroom and what is its value to the trade? 527 

How can the manufacturer's showroom be made a 

source of profit to the plumbing contractor? 528 

By what means can the plumber eliminate much 

of the discomfort suffered by the housewife in the 

warm weather? 529 

Why should the plumber have little difficulty in 

pushing the sale of water heaters ? 529 

How can the odd moments of waiting during the 

day be turned to profitable account by the plumber? 

530 

What action has been recommended by the National 

Pipe and Supplies' Association to prevent a misinterpretation 

of the term "wrought pipe"? 532 

According to the recommendations, what will be 

designated as "wrought iron pipe" and as "steel pipe" ? 

532 

How were the factory wash room and shower fixtures 

installed to protect them against frost in the winter ? 

533 

E. W. Sanborn in Northwest 

E. W. Sanborn of Sanborn & Lindeblad, Chicago, 

111., has returned from a successful trip 

through the Northwest and as Alvin L. is tabulating 

the score, "Sandy" is considering the possibilities 

of California. 

Harold Cross Sees Northwest Trade 

Harold Cross, Chicago manager of the U. S. 

Sanitary Co., Pittsburgh, Pa., has been "out among 

'em" and reports that the Northwest will be 

heard from during the coming season. 

W. J. Woolley Talks to Atlanta Trades 

W. J. Woolley, of the Trade Extension Bureau 

spoke for about an hour and a half on the evening 

of November 20 to a large and enthusiastic gathering 

of the members of the Atlanta Builders' Exchange. 

Every trade and calling connected with the Building 

business of Atlanta was represented, and all 

agreed that Woolley was right, and that the message 

he brought them was for their uplift and for 

their good and for the good of the building business 

generally, and that if the principles taught by him 

were carried out all men in any line of contracting 

or building would prosper, as men do in other lines 

of business. The great trouble in an address of the 

kind he delivered is that the fellow who does not 

know it all and is willing to learn comes, and the 

fellow who does know it al, and doesn't have to 

learn any more stays away. It is generally the fellow 

who knows it all who is numerous to the Trade. 

One of the questions the average plumber in Atlanta 

would like to know is why does the manufacturer 

protect the jobber in a price and the jobber 

not protect the master plumber, and if the jobber 

is compelled to sell his goods to any one who comes 

to him with the money, why is it not also true that 

the manufacturer has to sell to any plumber who 

comes to him with the money. 

The No. 3 Beaver Jr. Stock 

The No. 3 Beaver Jr. stock, manufactured by the 

Borden Co., Warren, Ohio, is equipped with separate 

dies threading %, y, y, y, 3/4 and 1 in. pipe. 

It is a very simple and effective tool, being equipped 

Why should the facts brought out in the lecture by 

Professor Morehouse be studied carefully by the 

plumber? 534 

What are the errors of omission which cause the 

high up-keep and maintenance cost of motor trucks ? 

NO. 3 BEAVER JR. STOCK 

with a ratchet which allows of threading quickly 

and easily in difficult places. These dies are con 

536 

structed of a sufficient length to insure having 

straight threads and the ratchet mechanism is com- 

How could the employment of competent motor pletedly covered, so no grease or dirt can affect the 

truck drivers be insured? 537 

action of the ratchet. This tool is especially suited 

for the requirements of plumbers and steam fitters 

What effect have faulty chimneys on the efficient 

on jobbing work, being light and having a large 

service of the heating boilers? 541 

range of capacity.


The Plumbing Industry at Chicago Health Show 

Sanitation, Ventilation and Healing Experts Show 

Modern Ways to Have Comfort and Prolong Life 

All agencies connected with public health matters 

combined on November 24 to 29 to show the 

people of Chicago what was being done and what 

could be done to improve health conditions. The 

main floor, annex and balconies of the Coliseum displayed 

everything from a model baking plant to a 

herd of Togganberg goats, with air conditioning 

and sanitary conveniences along the way. 

The Crane Co., Chicago, showed some of its high 

grade plumbing fixtures, a display consisting of a 

Walsyn closet, Vernon leg lavatory with white 

Sanitoure trap and supplies, a Modus built in tub 

with combination 

supply and waste 

fixture. For hospital 

service a baby's 

pedestal bath and a 

clinic slop sink with 

arm action valves 

were shown. The 

display was 'arranged 

by the plumbing 

department of the 

Crane Co.'s Chicago 

office, and was in 

charge of C. R. 

Peterson. 

A model bathroom 

with Pembroke 

built-in tub, 

pedestal lavatory, siphon jet closet 

with accessories in harmony was the 

feature of the exhibit of the Standard 

Sanitary Manufacturing Co. This arrangement 

for beauty, as well as utility, 

was made by the company's 

Chicago office under the -direction of 

A. P. Hendrickson. 

Wolff plumbing goods for home and 

hospital were included in the exhibit 

of the L. Wolff Manufacturing Co., of Chicago, 111. 

Arranged around the side walls were a wall-hung closet, 

a corner pattern bath tub, drinking fountain, clinic sink, 

sitz bath and manicuring table. A wall panel showed a 

variety of bathroom accessories. 

The Douglass air moistener is a new device for 

steam heated houses recommended by the makers, 

Thomas J. Douglass Co., 441 North Dearborn 

street, Chicago, as a preventive of the dry air diseases. 

The device is attached to the radiator, and 

will discharge strained steam into a room in proportion 

to the pressure or amount desired. It can be 

controlled and is said to be odorless, noiseless, and 

will not stain walls or furnishings. This moistener 

is made in various sizes and is adaptable to any 

building where steam heat is used. The advantages 

of the device were explained by Frank Norman and 

Thomas J. Douglass. 

Fresh air at all times without draft or splash of 

rain or rift of snow on the window sill or floor 

is the way the Prairie adjustable sheet metal ventilator 

was described to visitors by C. M. Tinker, 

Chicago representative for the Schueler Ventilator 

Co., Eureka, 111. 

57. 

Controlling temperatures in any building, whether 

heated by warm air, steam or hot water, were the 

purposes of the many devices displayed by the Johnson 

Service Co., Milwaukee, Wis., and explained by 

G. 11. Blanding. Convenience, comfort and coal 

saving were the points to which the spectator's attention 

was directed. 

A device for heating schools, offices, factories 

and other buildings with fresh warmed air is called 

the Univent and developed by Moline Heat, Moline, 

111. It consists of an enclosed radiator, controlled 

dampers and a compact fan and motor. The interesting 

points of this exhibit were explained by A. S. 

Griswold. 

A new device for supplying fresh washed air 

for offices, factories, schools, hospitals, restaurants, 

stores and churches is called the Peerless 

air washer and ventilator 

made by the 

Peerless Machinery- 

Co., 162 North Clinton 

street, Chicago. 

It looks very much 

like a cabinet victrola, 

and contains 

an intake, a water 

spray, a radiator, 

motor driven fan 

and outlet. 

A Novelty smokeless 

boiler of the 

sectional type, and a 

N o v e Ity Fortune 

combination coal 

gas range made by 

the Abram Cox 

Stove Co., Phila- 

THREE INTERESTING EXHIBITS AT THE CHICAGO HEALTH delphia, Pa., were 

SHOW displayed by the 

company's Chicago 

office. The boiler's carburetor feature, side feed 

construction and its ability to burn soft coal, as well as 

anthracite, were explained by H. H. Seawell and James 

T. Ketchem. 

Eliminating the human element from home heating 

by using a thermostatically controlled Nokol 

fuel oil burner was demonstrated by representatives 

of the Steam Corporation, Chicago. 

How hot water can be produced instantly with a 

Humphrey automatic gas water heater was demonstrated 

by R. H. Nowlin, representing the Humphrev 

Co., Kalamazoo, Mich. 

All styles of medicine cabinets, sanitary lockers 

made by the Hess Warming & Ventilating Co.; 

Chicago, were shown, as well as pipe and pipeless 

types of warm-air furnaces which the companv 

makes. This booth was presided over by Kenneth 

Hess and Walter MacLean. 

The Sanisep sewage disposal systems made by the 

Cement Products Co., Wilmington, N. C. were explained 

bv E. M. Wilkie. 

Householders were told by the Everson Filter 

Co., 70 West Lake street, Chicago, that improperly 

filtered water was dangerous, and representatives point-


ed out to the public the merits of Everson home filter. 

The John Van Range Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, 

which specializes in hotel, hospital and institutional 

ANOTHER ATTRACTIVE EXHIBIT AT THE CHICAGO HEALTH 

SHOW 

kitchen equipment, demonstrated its compartment 

steamers, portable steam tables, electric food carrier 

and gas range for diet kitchens. 

How liquid soap can be best provided in public 

toilet rooms, schools and factories was shown by the 

West Disinfecting Co., Chicago. The soap is put 

in a wall tank and branch pipes carry it to the required 

place, and a convenient push button allows 

the required amount to flow. 

The City of Chicago display showing the activities 

of the various departments coming under the 

direction of Health Commissioner John Dill Robertson 

Jwas very extensive. Of particular interest 

was the "Black Hole of Calcutta" under the supervision 

of Dr. E. V. Hill, which produced various 

degrees of air temperature and humidity. Demonstrations 

were held at stated hours, and spectators 

were invited to test the various atmospheres produced. 

Some suggestions on smoke abatement were distributed 

in pamphlet form by the department 

charged with this work. The effect of smoke on 

the human lungs was also shown. 

The plumbing department in charge of Thomas 

J. Claffy and assisted by L. Hubbard explained that 

home made plumbing was a nuisance and not a convenience. 

Panels of pictures told stories of conditions 

that had been found in Chicago by the department, 

and showed the damage done by tree roots 

in sewers. 

Pipe line insulators of asbestos and cork were 

featured in the exhibit of the Armstrong Cork & 

Insulation Co., Pittsburgh, Pa., and the company also 

showed some various types of floor covering. 

Good air conditions were maintained in the Coliseum 

during the show by the Watt System of Air 

Conditioning, 542 South Dearborn street, Chicago 

111. 

For positive removal of dirt from the home as 

well as from other buildings, visitors were advised 

to clean them the Atwood way, with a stationary 

vacuum cleaner made by the Atwood-Steward Co 

Rockford, 111. 

"No towels—No Laundry Bills," was the slogan 

of the Corona Airdry Co. Inc., 110 South Dearborn 

street, Chicago, 111., which demonstrated its electric 

dryer, a device for quickly drying the hands, especially 

adapted for public places. 

Trenton Plumbers Meet December 3 

The regular meeting of the Master Plumbers' Association 

of Trenton, N. J., was held on Friday evening, 

December 3. After disposing of the regular business, 

President Harry Greiner stated that through the good 

offices of State Vice-president Frank Fell an invitation 

had been extended to Frank K. Chew to address the 

meeting. 

On being introduced, Mr. Chew spoke on many 

of the conditions which existed in the trade under the 

old trade protection slogan and pointed out that National 

President Durkin had called for the allegiance 

to the new slogan of "Co-operation," in which everybody 

helped everybody. And he stated that the National 

Association had been instrumental in providing 

the National Trade Extension Bureau, which was the 

greatest help that had even come to the plumbing 

trade. Mr. Chew urged the members to be thoroughly 

familiar with all that the Trade Extension Bureau was 

doing and to follow its policies as insuring success 

in their ventures. 

He stated that the mid-year meeting of the board 

of directors of the National Association of Master 

Plumbers would be held in Philadelphia on December 

6 and, if the association had any desire to place before 

the National, it was a good^time to apprise President 

Durkin of the fact. 

After treating many other matters to the seeming 

interest of the hearers his talk closed with applause 

and the meeting adjourned. 

Iowa Master Plumbers' Association Convention 

Extensive preparations are being made for the convention 

of the Iowa Master Plumbers' Association, to 

be held January 18, 1921, at the Burlington Hotel, 

Burlington, Iowa. The work being done promises 

material benefits and a pleasant profitable time for 

all who attend. Make your arrangements now. 

Groeniger Manufacturing Co. Organize to 

Make Testite Connection 

The organization of the Groeniger Manufacturing 

Co., with offices at 8 East Chestnut street, Columbus, 

Ohio, has been effected with William C. Groeniger as 

president and general manager. The company will 

manufacture The Testite short horn closet bowl connection 

which can be tested and inspected before being 

concealed or enclosed.


Mr. Groeniger's familiarity with the needs of the 

plumbing field are well known from his many years 

experience as state plumbing inspector for Ohio, his 

work as a practicing sanitary engineer, and the experience 

he gained as head of the Red Cross expedition 

to Palastine and as president of the American Society 

of Sanitary Engineering. His many friends wish him 

success in his new venture. 

National Convention of Master Plumbers 

At the Board of Directors meeting, held December 

6, at 108 South Twentieth street, Philadelphia, Pa., it 

was decided to hold the National Convention of Master 

Plumbers' Association on June 7, 8 and 9, 1921, 

at New Orleans, La. 

The Willey Bench Grinder 

A glance at this machine clearly shows its construction. 

The moter is completely inclosed with 

starting and stopping devices conveniently located 

in base. It can be placed anywhere in mill or shop 

where a current is available with very little cost for 

setting up. If required it can also be used as a 

THE W1EEEY BENCH GRINDER 

portable grinder. The wheels are provided with a 

water pot. The spindle is made from high grade 

steel accurately ground. The hood for cutting 

member is provided with hinged door on the outside. 

These machines are very practical and can be 

operated at a very small expense and while doing 

the grinding much quicker than could be done by 

hand they act as an inspiration on the men to keep 

their tools in good shape. This reacts to the benefit 

of the master plumber or steam fitter, in that it 

allows of the men being more efficient in performing 

their work through having sharp tools. 

Complete information relative to these tools can 

be had by addressing the James Clark, Jr., Co., 

Louisville, Ky. 

Second T. E. B. Lecture at Montclair 

Through the enterprise of Past President Charles 

J. Samuel, supported by Charles J. A. Ernst, the 

Master Plumbers' Association of Montclair, N. J., 

is having the lectures of the National Trade Extension 

Bureau presented before it in an impressive 

way. In the presence of State Secretary Walter 

Grube, Newark, accompanied by three fellow members 

and a good turnout of the local members, Mr. 

Samuel opened the meeting and read the major 

portion of the lecture, but left the closing portion 

with the blackboard demonstration with the chart 

to Past State Secretary Joseph A. Durr. 

At the conclusion of the lecture Frank K. Chew 

was introduced and spoke on the need of the loyalty 

of the trade to the association and thc members to 

the association officers, also on the need of preparing 

for the future under the changing business conditions. 

He stated that a wholesale house had 

pointed out to him that after 3 or 4 years of continuing 

rising prices and business of a nature which 

would enable almost any one to succeed, there was 

a condition now to be considered that would require 

the soundest judgment of the general tradesmen 

and that this wholesaler was of the opinion that 

many in the trade were poorly prepared to meet the 

changed conditions. 

Chicago "Own Your Home" Exposition to 

Have Sanitary and Heating Display 

Home comfort equipment will have its place at 

the first annual "Own Yout Home Exposition" to 

be held at the Coliseum, Chicago, March 26 to 

April 2, 1921. E. C. Garrity president of National 

Plumbing & Heating Supply Co., is the chairman 

of the Heating and Sanitary Committee, and will be 

ably assisted by R. B. Flershem, general sales 

manager, American Radiator Co., Eugene Buehler, 

president, Davies Supply Co. and Charles J. Boyd. 

A large general committee representing every interest 

in any way connected with home building 

is hard at work under the leadership of Robert H. 

Sexton, manager of the show. Among others on 

this committee are D. Rait Richardson, president, 

Richardson & Boynton Co.; H. G. Kloppcr, vicepresident, 

Eagle-Picher Lead Co.; William Gates, 

president American Terra Cotta and Ceramic Co.; 

F. K. Davidson, Illinois Institute of Architects, E. 

M. Craig, secretary Building Construction Employers' 

Association. 

A Garage Trap 

The Reading garage trap, manufactured by the 

Reading Foundry & Supply Co., Seventh and Chestnut 

street, Reading, Pa., is a combination floor 

drain and trap especially adapted for use in garages, 

READING GARAGE TRAP 

stables, breweries and factories. As will be see 

bV the illustration, it has a removable sand cup and 

is also fitted with a brass cleanout. The exposed 

parts are sufficiently heavy to withstand the usages 

to which it is subjected in garages. For further information 

address the manufacturer.


T. E. B. Field Men in Action 

These Carefully Selected Traveling Representatives of the Bureau 

Now Covering Their Territories—Scope and Personnel of This Important 

Service to Be Extended as Rapidly as Finances Make Possible 

All of the Field Representatives of the National 

Trade Extension Bureau are now out in their assigned 

territories, for the purpose of personally carrying 

the message of better business methods to the 

plumbing and heating contractor. In addition to 

this, these men will also exert themselves along 

every line of activity that is open to them, for thc 

purpose of improving results for every element of 

the trades. 

For the present, these men have been assigned to 

cover districts and localities, in which the manufacturers 

and jobbers there located have contributed 

the quota assigned to that territory, as the amount 

that should be contributed to the finances of T. E. 

B. from the territory involved. As fast as additional 

territory comes up to the standards established for 

these contributions in support of the Bureau, the 

territory covered by these Field Representatives of 

T. E. B. will be extended, or additional men will be 

added to the force. 

Eventually, it is the hope of the Bureau to give 

the contractors in every corner of the United States 

the benefit of this personal service. Manifestly 

it is only fair that those territories, which have fully 

contributed their share of the expense of maintaining 

the Bureau, should be the first to receive full attention 

in this respect. 

These field men of T. E. B. will periodically 

cover the territory assigned them, until they have 

established personal contact with every plumbing 

and heating contractor in their district. In addition 

to this individual contact with the contractor, 

they will also be called upon to furnish the benefit 

of their services and training to every local association. 

They will arrange, as far as is possible, to 

frequently be present at meetings of the locals, especially 

those that may be set apart or devoted to 

educational matters of interest to the Trade. 

In their work, both with the individual contractor 

and with the local associations, these T. E. B. 

field men will be found ready to contribute the 

best of their abilities and knowledge to a profitable 

solution of any sort of business problem that the 

contractor desires to submit. These field men are 

all men possessing good original equipment for 

their jobs and, in addition, have all received speccial 

training at headquarters, which has given them 

a real working knowledge of business building 

methods and practices, in every phase of the subject. 

Lest in some cases there might develop needless 

disappointment, we hasten to say here, however, 

that all of these men arc just like the rest of us! 

There may be cases, and undoubtedly are cases that 

might be found lacking in information, and questions 

may be put to them that they cannot answer. 

In such cases, however, there is ready access to 

the Bureau itself at headquarters, and with nation 

wide sources of information at command, it would 

surely be peculiar if logical and intelligent answers 

could not be found for any possible business problem. 

To the individual contractor, let it be said that 

when these field men of the Bureau call, they will 

not only answer questions, but. they will ask questions. 

Now, none of these questions that they will 

ask will be put in mere idle curiosity. All such inquiries 

will be in pursuit of a definite plan for securing 

and recording at the Bureau's headquartres, 

a mass of information, that will give the Bureau a 

means of planning, and putting through various 

campaigns along the line of building bigger and better 

business. As this is so, every contractor 

should feel, that in frankly and openly answering 

questions of these T. E. B. field men, he is only 

contributing his share to the largest good for the 

greatest number. 

Little bits of information picked up in this way 

here and there, will be collected and combined at 

the Bureau's headquarters into a fund of knowledge 

that will enable T. E. B. to give a service of constantly 

increasing value to everybody concerned. 

As a matter of course, all private information given 

to T. E. B., through the field men or otherwise, is 

held rigidly confidential. 

T. E. B. field men are out for the purpose of doing 

a definite work in behalf of every contractor, 

and of the entire industry. If they can help you, 

let them do it. If on the other hand, you can help 

them, don't hold back your friendly cooperation. 

The Toledo No. 2 Geared Adjustable 

Threading Device 

The Toeldo No. 2 geared adjustable threading 

device illustrated has a threading capacity of from 

21/2 to 4 in. pipe inclusive. It is manufactured by 

TOLEDO NO. 2 GEARED ADJUSTABLE THREADING DEVICE 

the Toledo Pipe Threading Machine Co., Toledo, 

Ohio, and over a period of years has satisfactorily 

demonstrated that it merits the confidence of the 

trade. 

Death of Charles B. Boatenreiter 

Charles Beach Boatenreiter, senior member of the 

firm of Boatenreiter Plumbing Co. of Atlanta, Ga., 

passed away at his home 938 Highland avenue on 

the morning of November 3 in the fifty-third year 

of his age, and is survived by his widow and four children.


Benedict Nickel Seamless Tubes 

Benedict nickel seamless tubes are made by the 

American Brass Co., Waterbury, Conn., in all the 

ordinary commercial, iron pipe and plumbers' sizes. 

In addition to supply and waste pipes, they are 

applicable to standards, railings and all construc- 

BENEDICT NICKEL SEAMLESS TUBES 

tion which require hollow cylindrical forms. All 

Benedict nickel seamless tubes are tested to 1000 

lb. per square inch internal hydraulic pressure. 

Benedict nickel is a white metal which compares 

favorably with sterling silver in appearance and 

permanency of color. Like sterling silver, it requires 

cleaning occasionally. With ordinary care 

Benedict Nickel will always remain bright. 

For exposed plumbing in fine residences, offices 

and public buildings, for ornamental work railings, 

etc.; and, in fact, for all purposes where nickelplated 

brass or bronze has been used, Benedict 

nickel has become the standard. It is superior to 

all other metals for such uses because it combines 

elegance, durability, non-corrosiveness and sanitation. 

When the lustre and finish of a once nicelyappointed 

nickel plated job is worn off, the brassv 

spots look very unsightly, but where Benedict 

Nickel is used its distinctive white color is as permanent 

and lasting as the metal itself. 

Straight Talk on Boiler Prices by Kewanee 

Boiler Co. 

Since present prices were established last January 

on Kewanee firebox boilers our labor costs have increased 

about 7y2 per cent, and this cost is further increased 

by the advance in freight rates amounting to 

iy per cent. 

Since the present price was established January 1 

based on U. S. Steel Corporation base price, F. O. B. 

Pittsburgh, some of the manufacturers of heating boilers 

have raised their prices from time to time, so that 

the aggregate advance is about \7y> per cent. 

There has been a great deal of talk in the newspapers 

lately about price reductions, including steel. So far 

as the price of steel is concerned that is true in a way. 

Nearly every independent mill during the last year has 

been charging quite large premiums for steel and a great 

many boiler makers were compelled to pay those premiums 

because they could not get steel or prompt shipments 

from the U. S. Steel Corporation. However, in 

this respect our prices have not been affected, because 

we .did not need to buy very much of this premium steel. 

It would seem, though, that the public is expecting and 

really demanding material price reductions and the 

sooner they are granted, without much respect to profit 

on the part of the manufacturers, just that soon do we 

think very serious and active interest will be taken in 

the building industry. 

So we are announcing to-day a reduction of approximately 

10 per cent on Kewanee firebox boilers and also 

a reduction of 20 per cent on steel tanks used by the 

plumbers and for pneumatic water supply purposes. A 

generous portion of this tank reduction is permissible, 

by our enormous increased and improved facilities for 

manufacturing tanks in quantities, even greater than we 

bave ever been able to handle heretofore. 

This price reduction will be effective after the close 

of business December 11. 

Death of Edward Fairbanks 

Edward Fairbanks, one of the organizers and first 

treasurer of the Warren Steam Pump Co., Warren, 

Mass., and active for many years in public life, died 

at his home in that town November 22, aged 84 

years. 

Master Plumbers Candidates for Mayor 

Master plumbers in two thriving Massachusetts 

cites are mayoralty candidates as the result of recent 

municipal primaries. William A. Bradford, a 

former president of the Mas.sachusetts Master 

Plumbers' Association and the present permanent 

secretary of the Massachusetts Sanitary Club, won 

his nomination in Quincy, Mass., where he formerly 

for many years conducted the William A. Bradford 

Co. and in which city he was long served in the 

city council. 

John J. Mullin, a former mayor of Everett who 

was defeated for reelection 2 years ago, is again 

nominated for mayor in that city receiving the 

highest vote of six nominees, two of whom were 

selected to be voted upon at the city election. 

Mullin is opposed by the present mayor, Christopher 

Harrison. He is president of the John J. Mullin 

Co., plumbers. Both men are waging active 

campaigns for their elections. 

The No. 4 Shallow Well Pump 

The No. 4 Shallow well pump, manufactured by 

the Burnett-Larsh Manufacturing Co., Dayton, 

Ohio, with a silent chain drive and case, is a very 

complete puniping unit in which the duplex double 

acting pump, motor and automatic pressure switch 

NO. 4 SHALLOW WELL PUMP 

are all mounted on one base. The use of thc silent 

chain drive eliminates belt troubles and reduces the 

noise to a minimum. 

Duro systems offer an opportunity for plumbers 

to materially add to their yearly profits with but 

very little extra effort. A careful and comprehensive


study of the many salient good points of this Duro off the account, or else he is poorly equipped to 

system will enable plumbers to very readily make sales. authorize charges and efficient collections. "If a 

Information can be had by addressing the com man cannot keep his bills paid up now, he never 

pany at Dayton, Ohio. 

can." 

I contend that laxity on the part of any credit 

man in the granting of credit, or in making prompt 

B. & B. Will Make Delehant Die Stocks 

collections, will prove a boomerang when the inevitable 

happens. The psychological time to act is 

The B. & B. Tool and Machine Works, 519 West now. Prompt collections have a salutary effect up 

Van Buren street, Chicago, 111., now have the exon thc attitude of the customers towards your firm. 

clusive sales and manufacturing rights for Dele Most customers respect a house which shows that 

hant die stocks and pipe reamers, formerly made by their accounts are being closely watched and will 

the Keystone Die Stock Co., Chicago. These tools pay their bills earlier than those of the houses that 

have been on the market for several years, and be are lax or slovenly in collections. If a bill is not 

cause of the favor they have found among the promptly collected and a large balance is allowed 

trade an aggressive campaign will be started to to accumulate, it will result, in my opinion, in the 

extend their distribution. 

transferring of their patronage to another store, 

where, on the other hand, customers who have their 

accounts paid up to date will purchase again. Read 

A Meeting Notice That Brings the Crowd 

the article in May issue of "System Magazine" entitled, 

"More proof That It Pays to Collect Close," 

It is quite possible that Ira C. Hendrickson, secre- by F. C. Letts. 

tary of the Master Plumbers' Association of Tren Prompt collections, therefore, will result in: 

ton, N. ].. 128 East Front street, would be willing 1. A much smaller loss risk, with a similar effect 

to send to secretaries a copy of one of his meeting on the profit and loss lists. 

notices which brings out the crowd. He apprises 2. It will greatly influence the volume of charge 

people of tbe various things which are to come up 

at the next meeting so that they can be prepared to 

sales. 

discuss them intelligently, gives them tbe information 

that is brought in through some of the credit 

associations to which the association subscribes 

An Improved Air Exhauster and Vacuum 

Valve 

and then gives extracts from some of the good 

The exhauster and vacuum valve is made by 

things about collections, credits, canvassing, adver 

the O-E Specialty Manufacturing Co., 886 Third 

tising and a lot of other things which he gets in his 

street, Milwaukee, Wis. It is constructed in such a 

reading of the trade and other press. 

way that a carbon post can be adjusted to any de 

The plan he follows is to mimeograph his call 

sired position, expands and forces a hollow brass 

and send everybody a copy. In this way those who 

ball against a seat, closing the port when heat or 

do not attend know something of what the other 

steam is applied to the post. This valve used in 

fellows are getting and get something themselves if 

connection with the O-E Perfect system of heating 

they do not get there. 

allows of the air being ejected from the system and, 

EXCERPTS FROM THE MEETING NOTES OF THE MASTER when steam which follows the air to the valve 

PLUMBER'S ASSOCIATION OF TRENTON, N. J. comes in contact with the post, the port is auto 

At the next meeting of the Master Plumbers' Association 

of the city of Trenton on Friday evening, 

December 3, at 8 o'clock, in our room 20 Woolworth 

building, Frank K. Chew, of New York, 

matically sealed. As a drop in the steam pressure 

takes place in the system vacuum, the brass ball is 

editor of the PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER, will address 

our association ; this will be in the nature of 

an entertainment, and everyone who has had the 

pleasure of hearing Mr. Chew talk will vouch for 

bim as a royal entertainer. 

EXHAUST AND VACUUM VALVES 

AN URGENT NECESSITY FOR CLOSE COLLECTIONS 

From "Credit Echoes," San Francisco, Cal. 

By George Kramer, Jr., of Hale Bros. 

As to what the future holds in store and as to 

how sound the economic and financial condition of 

the country will remain is problematical. The 

wave of prosperity that has blanketed our nation 

for the past several years is at its zenith and a 

change in conditions is expected by the far and 

keen sighted business man and financier. 

I contend there is no excuse for a firm or credit 

man doing 30-day credit business continuing to extend 

credit when an account shows a balance owing 

anywhere from 6 months to 2 years. Our luncheon 

meetings have shown this to be the case innumerable 

times and it makes known one of two things— 

either the credit man has not the courage to shut 

held against the seat or keeps the port closed thereby 

maintaining the vacuum in the system. As soon 

as the vacuum is lost the ball rolls away from the 

seat permitting the air to freely escape. 

Further information in regard to this exhauster 

and vacuum valve can be had from the O-E Specialty 

Mfg. Co. 

A Progressive Plumbing and Heating 

Contractor 

George W. Schardein, head of the plumbing and heating 

house of F. S. Schardein & Sons Co., Louisville, Ky., 

is a leader of men. For a number of ygars he was the 

active head of the local and state plumbers' associations. 

During the past several years he has also been very active 

in fraternal lodge circles, and through hard work 

became potentate of the Kosair Temple, Shriners Louis-


ville, in December 1919. During the year he did a great 

work for the order, went to Portland, Maine, to make 

arrangements for Louisville members, and made another 

trip to attend the conclave. 

On December 10 his term expired and a new ruler 

was elected. However, in recognition of his great work 

for the order his brother Shriners presented him with a 

very handsome watchfob of diamonds and gold, hung 

on black ribbon. George will never receive any present 

which he will regard quite so highly as he does this one. 

It is a thing that money cannot buy, and an identification 

of a leader of men. 

A Special Floor and Ceiling Plate 

The special No. 9 floor and ceiling plate, manufactured 

by the Beaton & Caldwell Manufacturing 

Co., New Britain, Conn., is made of cast iron in two 

SPECIAL NO. 9 FLOOR AND CEILING PLATE 

parts and has a flange 2 in. wide. Steel springs hold 

the plate in place when locked around pipes. These 

plates are specially designed for use where it is 

necessary to have a large opening around pipe and 

is particularly adaptable for use in all buildings 

where the plaster walls are deteriorated to such an 

extent that it is impossible to cut clean proper size 

holes. 

News from Florida 

Key West City Council is discussing the matter 

of sewerage and water system. Plans have been 

made for preliminary drawings of such a system. 

On account of local conditions the place has gotten 

along very well for many years without the things 

so greatly desired. As the place grows it has become 

apparent that the water and sewerage system 

must be obtained. 

Pipe Cast Centrifugally 

"Modern Cast Iron Pipe" was the title of a paper 

read recently before the Engineering Institute of Canada, 

Montreal Branch, by A. F. Macallum, commissioner 

of works, Ottawa. His remarks regarding_ the 

De Lavaud process of making centrifugally cast iron 

pipe were in part as follows: 

"The present specifications for cast iron pipe are 

based on iron having a tensile strength of 19,000 lb. 

per square inch. When higher standards are given under 

the present foundry practice and mixtures, the pipe 

is apt to be brittle. On account, however, of new methods 

being adopted in manufacturing cast iron pipe, consideration 

is being given to the revision of the specifications 

to meet these new conditions. This new pipe, 

developed by De Lavaud, a Brazilian engineer, is now 

being manufactured and introduced in this country, 

after exhaustive comparative tests with the ordinary 

standard cast iron pipe. 

"The writer has studied with great interest the manufacture 

of this new type of cast iron pipe, which involves 

the application of the principle of centrifugal 

force to molten metal when poured into a permanent 

mold. A regulated quantity of molten iron is introduced 

into a revolving water-cooled cylindrical mold, where 

by the centrifugal force exerted the molten metal is 

spread uniformly upon the inner surface of the mold. 

Within a few seconds the pipe is withdrawn from the 

mold at a red heat. It is brittle after leaving the mold, 

on account of the outer surface being chilled, but after 

passing through an annealing furnace it becomes tough 

and much stronger than ordinary cast iron pipe, as 

plainly shown by the recent tests made by Professor 

Gillespie of Toronto University. The pipe made under 

these conditions has a decided contrast in structure to 

pipe cast in sand molds, and has not the segregation 

of impurities often found in sand cast pipe. As a 

consequence the pipe is a homogeneous, dense, finegrained 

iron throughout, having no water or gas bubbles, 

and because of this density and strength can be 

made much thinner. 

"In the tests made by Professor Gillespie a 6-in. 

pipe made by this machine was compared with a 6-in. 

ordinary sand molded pipe and out of the same iron 

v/ith the following results: 

Centrifugal Cast Pipe 

Thickness: 0.28 in. 

Tensile strength: 

39,000 lb. per sq. in. 

Modulus of elasticity: 

14,500,000 

Modulus of rupture: 

63,800 

Quality factor: 

20.2 

Sand Cast Pipe 

Thickness: 0.S1 in. 

Tensile strength: 

16,000 lb. per sq. in. 

Modulus of elasticity: 

8,860,000 

Modulus of rupture: 

33,900 

Quality factor: 

9.8 

"From this it will be seen that the centrifugal pipe 

has a very high tensile, cross-bending and resistance to 

shock values. 

"It is apparent, therefore, that this type of pipe can 

be successfully made much thinner than the sand 

molded pipe." For example, a 12-ft. length of 6-in. 

pipe weighs 280 lb., as compared with 430 lb. for a 

sand cast pipe of the same diameter. 

"In soils such as found in Ontario cast iron pipe 

suffers very little corrosion. The writer has removed 

a section of old English cast iron pipe laid in 1859 in 

Hamilton that showed no corrosion whatever, after 

being in the ground over 50 years, having even the 

weight marks clearly legible. This old English pipe 

was made much thinner than called for in the present 

day specifications, and, being on a rising main, is still 

in service under more severe conditions from pressure 

than when laid. In this connection the tests on De 

Lavaud centrifugal cast iron pipe show it, to all intents 

and purposes, impervious to corrosion, probably due to 

the fact that the metal, being cast under pressure, 

is of such close grain as to resist the attack of corrosive 

matter. 

"These centrifugal cast pipes have a smooth exterior 

and interior surface and, besides reducing hydraulic 

frictional losses, take a uniform surface coating. While 

the pipes are cast with standard bell ends they machine 

easily, and because of the method of manufacture 

the wall thickness is exactly uniform throughout and 

suitable for a threaded or straight wall joint if desired. 

"This development in the manufacture of cast iron 

nine which I have attempted to briefly describe above, 

indicates what might be called a revolutionary advance 

over previous methods, and is certain to have a decided 

effect upon the production and consumption of cast 

iron pipe."

578 P L U M B E R A N D S T E A M F I T T E R December 17. 1920 

Dividend Announcement 

The Board of Directors of the Richmond Radiator 

Co. on November 28, declared a quarterly 

dividend on the company's preferred stock at the 

rate of 7 per cent, per annum payable iy per cent. 

per share on January 15, 1921, to Stockholders of 

record as of December 15, 1920. 

For the purpose of paying this dividend, Preferred 

Stock transfer books will be closed from December 

15, 1920, at 3:00 o'clock, p. m. to December 31, 1920, 

at 3:00 o'clock p. m. inclusive. 

Canadian Master Plumbers Get First Hand 

Facts of Trade Extension Bureau Work 

A delegation of Canadian master plumbers spent 

three days visiting the city of Evansville, Ind., where 

they went to get first hand information of the work 

being done by the National Trade Extension Bureau. 

Their work being finished, they returned to Chicago, 

on Friday, December 3, where they were the guests 

of the Chicago Master Plumbers' Association. These 

gentlemen, whose mission is to assimilate and distribute 

the knowledge thus gained for the benefit of their 

CANADIAN MASTER PLUMBERS 

Reading from left to right, W. T. Woolley, Manager National Trade 

Extension Bureau: K. B. Allison, ' Allpriser," Toronto; C H. Chapman, 

J. W. Cram Co., Toronto; G. F. Frankland, secretary Canadian Society 

and Ontario Society of Sanitary and Heatine Engineers; C. Ross Belyea, 

Belyea Bros. Co., Toronto; H. A. Weinraul, Acme Co., Toronto; R. E. 

Belyea, vice-president, Toronto Society; T. J. Minnes, Brantford, Ont.. 

president of the Ontario Society. 

fellow craftsmen in Canada, made their headquarters 

at the Morrison Hotel, while in Chicago. 

During the afternoon, vice-president of the National 

Association of Master Plumbers, Joseph W. Cannon 

and C. A. Dreier, who had been appointed by the 

Chicago association to receive the distinguished visitors, 

showed the visiting officers the principal points of interest. 

They were the guests of the Board of Directors 

of the Chicago association at a dinner held at the Hotel 

Brevoort in the evening and after attending the regular 

meeting of the association the members of the 

Canadian contingent were introduced at the meeting 

of the local association by President Charles W. Alcock. 

Harry Mahoney of Guelph, Ontario, president of 

the Canadian Society of Domestic Sanitary and Heating 

Engineers and former Mayor of Guelph, extended 

the fraternal greetings of his Canadian brothers to the 

Chicago master plumbers. 

Garrett Frankland, Toronto, secretary of the association 

in Toronto and also of the Province of Ontario, 

spoke at length concerning the visit of the Canadian 

master plumbers to the United States, and of their 

desire to secure practical ideas for the betterment of 

the business in Canada. 

Roy E. Belyea Toronto, vice-president of the Ontario 

society, made a brief speech of thanks for the 

generous hospitality extended. 

Thomas J. Minnes, president of the Ontario society, 

delivered a very interesting address, stating that 

their trip had been very profitable, and that they would 

derive much benefit as a result of it. 

He also expressed the hope that the same fraternal 

and friendly relationship between the master plumbers 

of Canada and the United States would continue 

with renewed good fellowship in the years to come. 

Included in the party from Canada were the following: 

Thomas J. Minnes, Brantford, Ont; Harry Mahoney, 

Guelph, Ont.; C. Ross Belyea, Roy F. Belyea, F. 

William Purdy, David E. Norwich, Garnet A. Edwards, 

Windsor, Charles H. Chapmen, Garrett F. Frankland, 

Harry A. Weinraub, and Kenneth B. Allisire, all of 

Toronto, Ont. 

New Incorporations 

The Donnelly Manufacturing Co., Boston, Mass., 

general plumbing, heating, steam and gas fitting, 

etc., has been incorporated with a capital of $25,000. 

The officers are: President, Edward F. Donnelly; 

treasurer, Ira I. Nelson, 124 Peterborough street, 

Boston ; clerk, E. H. Blume. 

The H. & R. Heating Co., Inc., Stamford, Conn., 

has been incorporated with a capital of $10,000. 

The directors are J. M. Hatchman, 16 Schuyler 

street, Stamford; F. S. Ruckel, Milford, LeRoy 

Ruckel and H. D. Ruckel, Weed street, Springdale, 

Conn. 

Highway Transportation Show Big Event 


struction advocated by the now famous Townsend Bill. 

The Show Committee is now considering a very 

unique decorative scheme, which will make other New 

York shows look well to their honors. It is planned that 

the decorations will not only be spectacular, but a delight 

to the eye. 

Considering the extraordinary class of exhibits of the 

latest thing in motor trucks planned by manufacturers 

and dealers who have secured space for the show, indications 

are that the New York Highway Transportation 

Show of 1921 will eclipse anything of this nature 

heretofore attempted in the United States. 

Electricity or Water—Which? 


salient features and improvements. List the families 

in your community that need washing machines, send 

them descriptive literature which can be had from the 

manufacturers, follow this with personal calls upon the 

prospects. You will become better acquainted, make 

customers, and bring home profitable sales and much 

other work that would have been delayed or given to 

ether shops unless you had called. 

This source of profit should receive your immediate 

investigation as the development of these machines is 

beyond the experimental stage and every sale therefore 

represents a satisfied customer.


PIIIIIIIIHHIIIHIIIIM 

IIIIIIIIII 

STEAM GOODS 

THE MARKET 


Foundries continue to improve stocks of boilers and 

radiators with demand well below normal. Repair 

parts shipments continue to improve with slackening 

up of demand. Readjustment of prices seems imminent, 

one manufacturer announcing a reduction of 10 

per cent on boilers. Back orders of radiation are 

being rapidly filled, shipping facilities approaching 

normal. 


Black and galvanized welded steel pipe have responded 

to the re-adjustment of steel prices by declining 

5 points during the past week. Shipments are still 

backward on smaller sizes although conditions of jobbers' 

stocks have improved, due to seasonal drop in 

demand. Welded wrought iron pipe is reported out 

of stock by most jobbers, with no immediate change 

promised. Ample stocks of soil pipe and fittings are 

reported by jobbers, prices holding to the level of 

December 1, with demand slight. 

Vitreous ware stocks improve with prices holding at 

the high level, buying being for immediate needs only. 

Porcelain enamel iron stocks show improvement with 

shipments more prompt on larger pieces. Smaller fixtures 

show improved output still many sizes hard to 

get. Prices show a decline of 10 points during the 

past week with demand slight and for immediate only. 

Plumbers' brass goods remain firm in price, although 

shipments from factories improve and the undernormal 

demand is reflecting the seasonal falling off. 

Indications point to a gradual readjustment of prices 

in this line for the near future. Brass pipe holds to 

the level of December 1 prices. 

The general tone of business shows more optimism 

on the part of business men and confidence that business 

conditions will soon show an improved trend. 


The most important recent development is the announcement 

of price reductions by manufacturers in 

the plumbing and steam fitting field. The Standard 

Sanitary Mfg. Co., Pittsburgh, has cut enamel ware 

10 per cent. This company has not only made the 

reduction retroactive to December 1, but has announced 

that new business will be protected by a 

guarantee against further declines until date of shipment. 

The Kewanee Boiler Co., Kewanee, 111., has 

reduced its prices on all firebox heating boilers 10 per 

cent and on all steel tanks used for pneumatic water 

supply purposes 20 per cent. These price recessions 

are in line with what has happened in raw material 

markets and are regarded as substantial steps in the 

direction of stabilized trade conditions and the resumption 

of business activity which is bound to develop, 

sooner or later. In the meantime buyers of plumbing 

and steam goods remain apathetic, awaiting further 

developments. The reduction of independent steel 

prices to the U. S. Steel Corporation level has not 

brought out buying, and in view of high manufactur- 

l 

IIIIIIIIII 

579 

mm 

ing costs substantial cuts under those quotations are 

not regarded as imminent. Pig iron is weak in the 

absence of buying and because of the diversity of 

resale quotations it is difficult to ascertain the ruling 

market level. All of the non-ferrous metals have declined. 

Pig Iron.—The leading Chicago merchant has reduced 

prices $8 a ton, making its quotation on No. 2 

Foundry, $38, Chicago furnace. This cut was in 

sympathy with the weakening tendency of resale 

quotations, but has not served to stimulate business 

nor to halt the downward trend of the market. On 

the contrary, resale offerings are to be had for from 

two to four dollars less per ton, and word comes from 

Detroit that a producer there is quoting $30, furnace, 

on No. 2 Foundry. 

Copper.—Although price recessions have brought 

out purchases of moderate quantities, the market is 

still unstable and buyers as a whole are adhering to a 

waiting policy. On Lake ingot Chicago dealers quote 

14y> cents per pound for carload lots. 

Tin.—Tin has declined since the last report, but a 

recent sharp drop in the London market has not yet 

been reflected in further recessions here. Small quantities 

of futures have been bought at slightly more than 

spot quotations, but prompt business is at a standstill. 

Chicago dealers quote Straits pig in carlots at 36 cents. 

Lead.—In the absence of buying this metal has 

dropped sharply, the present quotation of Chicago 

dealers for small lots being 5 cents per pound. 

Zinc.—The appearance of a moderate amount of 

business stiffened zinc for a time, but subsequent falling 

off of demand has been accompanied by a further 

decline in price. Chicago dealers quote slabs in small 

lots at 6.15 cents per pound. 

Solder.—Plumbers' solder is quoted at 20 cents per 

pound in 100 lb. lots. 

Pig Iron 

A new factor in pig iron production is offering pig iron 

from Detroit below the market which is already going steadily 

down. 

NEW YORK 

East Pa. No. 1 fdy Sil $2.75 to $3.25 $43.52 to $46.52 

East Pa. No. 2X fdy Sil 2.25 to 2.75 42.77 to 44.77 

East Pa. No. 2 fdy Sil 1.75 to 2.25 41.52to 43.52 

Buffalo Sil 1.75 to 2.25 40.46 to 41.46 

Virginia No. 2 Sil 1.75 to 2.25 46.16 to 47.16 

CHICAGO 

Northern Coke No. 1 Sil $2.25 to $2.75 $36.25 to $39.25 

Northern Coke fdy No. 2 Sil 1.75 to 2.25 35.00 to 38.00 

Southern Coke fdy No. 1 Sil Soft 2.75 to 3.25 45.67 to 47.67 

Southern Coke fdy No. 2 2.25 to 2.75 43.92 to 45.92 

Southern foundry Sil 1.75 to 2.25 42.67 to 44.67 

PHILADELPHIA 

Eastern Pa. No. 2 Plain Sil $1.75 to $2.25 $36.54 to $39.54 

Eastern Pa. No. 2X Sil 2.25 to 2.75 37.79 to 40.79 

Virginia No. 2 Plain Sil 1.75to 2.25 43.74 to 50.74 

Virginia No. 2X Sil 2.25 to 2.75 44.99 to 51.99 

CLEVELAND 

Northern No. 2 fdy Sil $1.75 to $2.25 $3S.56 to $39.56 

Southern fdy Sil 2.25 to 2.75 44.67 to 46.67 

CINCINNATI 

Southern Coke Sil $1.75 to $2.25 (base price} $40.50 to $42.50 

Southern Coke Sil $2.25 to $2.75 (No 2 Soft} 41.75 to 43.75 

Southern Ohio No. 2 Sil $1.75 to $2.25 (No. 2) 35.52 to 40.52


Old Materials 

Scrap Iron, New York—The prices are still going down but 

with only here and there a sale to give an idea of the level 

reached and cast scrap is leading the decline. Prices which 

dealers in New York and Brooklyn are quoted to local 

foundries, per gross ton : 


No. 1 heavy cast columns, building materials, etc., 

cupola size 28.00 to 29.00 



Iron and steel pipe (1 in. diam., not under 2 ft. long) 10.00 to 11.00 


Scrap Iron. Chicago.—An apathetic market has been reflected 

in further price recessions. Quotations per gross 

ton, delivered consumers' yards follow: 

No. 1 Cast $21.00 to $22.00 






Agricultural Malleable 16.50 to 17.00 


N. 1 Busheling 15.50 to 16.00 

Scrap Iron, Pittsburgh—All grades are on the decline because 

offerings are greater than the demand. Quotations are 

to a large extent indicative of what buyers might pay if 

they were buying: 










Scrap Iron, Boston—Noticeable declines have been felt in 

the market believed to be due to restriction in orders from consumers. 

Few large sales are reported. Dealers are generally 

paying as follows : 



No. 1 machinery 28.00 to 29.00 


Wrought iron pipe 15.00 to 15.50 

Steel rails 19.00 to 20.00 

Heavy melting steel 15.00 to 16.00 

Turnings, axle 16.00 to 16.50 


Car wheels 32.00 to 33.00 



Old Metals, New York—There was a declining tendency during 

the early part of the week, but this was halted by the 

better aspect of the new market toward the end of the week. 

Dealers' buying prices are nominally as follows: 

Cents 

Per Lb. 











Zinc 3.50 

Old Metals. Chicago—Buying is at a standstill and old material 

has declined in sympathy with the new metals. Dealers 

quote : 

Cents 

per Ib. 

Red Brass 9 


Yellow Brass, light 5 

Copper, heavy and clips 9 


Lead Pipe 3.50 

Tin Foil 20 



Zinc 3 

Soldered Joints 7 

Old old with ers Heavy Light Heay are metal Metals, an scrap crucible copper nominally increased prices copper Boston—Following copper have paying demand, $11.00 dropped as to especially follows: 11.50 the but decline increased in small in activity new quantities. materials, 

10.50 8.50 is to noticed to Deal 9.00 11.00 






Lead, solid 5.00 to 5^25 

Zinc 4.00 to 4.25 

Pewter, No. 1 30.00 to 31.00 

Clean cast aluminum 14.00 to 15.00 



Old Rubber—There is no real market as trading seems to 

be suspended except where lots have come to market and are 

sacrificed. Wholesale dealers buying quotations are: 

Boots and -shoes 4 to 4 r _ 

Trimmed Arctics 3 to Z l /2 

Auto tires l'/3 to 1% 

Bicycle tires 1 to VA 

Solid tires 1% to 2 


Mixed white scrap 4 to 4J4 

Mixed red scrap 3 to 3J_ 

Mixed black scrap li_ to 2 

Cotton fire hose % to 1% 

Garden hose \ to 1 

Old Rags—A state of suspension in trading with weakness 

prevails. Wholesale dealers' prices are: 

No. 1 Whites $5.50 to $6.00 

No. 2 Whites 3.00 to 3.25 


Straight Garments 90 to 1.00 

Hard Back Carpets 70 to .80 

Soft Back Carpets 3.00 to 3.25 

Paper Stock—A slow market with prices reaching a point 

of stabilization. Wholesale dealers' buying quotations for New 

York are: 

Over issue magazines $1.75.to.$1.85 

Crumpled news 45 to .50 


Linseed Oil—Trading is light and buying is restricted 

to a few scattering sales. An unconfirmed rumor has it 

lhat a carload of March oil sold at 75 cents. The range in 

small lots on 5 bbls, or less is 93 to 95 cents. In less 

than 5 bbl. lots 3 cents per gallon more is asked than for 

carload lots. A further advance of 2 cents is asked for 

boiled oil. 

Spirits of Turpentine—There have been further drops 

in turpentine prices with considerable dullness, but the 

outlook is considered brighter. In machine barrels in 

yard the price now is 87 cents per gallon. 

Rosin—The market is dull and weak. For 280 lb. 

barrel the price for D grade is $10.00 and the wholesale 

price for common-to-good strained is $10.25. 

Organized to Manufacture New Type 

of Faucet 

^ The Rogers Faucet Co., 36 River street, Bridgeport, 

Conn., recently organized, has arranged for the immediate 

manufacture of a new type of water faucet, 

operating under water pressure and not by compression. 

It proposes to develop its facilities to provide 

for the production of a complete line of water faucets, 

including a special self-closing type, without springs. 

John Rogers is president and treasurer; Charles W. 

Fotch, secretary and manager, will also act as factory 

superintendent. 

Supply Company Purchases Factory 

Hoelscher Brothers, manufacturers of heating and 

plumbing supplies, 1301 West Division street, Chicago, 

have purchased the four-story factory which they have 

occupied for several years under lease.

Decembei 17,1920 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 581 

THE PUBLISHER'S COLUMN 

The Coming Articles on Estimating 

With the next issue it is planned to start a series 

of articles on Estimating which it is believed will 

be closely followed by the many readers of this 

journal. 

There can be little question that there is need for 

a real practical treatment of this subject of estimating 

for the simple reason that many men in 

the plumbing business never have to rely upon bitter 

experience as their instructor on estimating. 

As experience is an expensive teacher it is felt 

that the information to be given in this forthcoming 

series should save many readers from paying 

the penalty for lack of knowledge of proper estimating 

methods. 

It is unfortunate that during the years of working 

at the trade as a mechanic the plumbing and 

heating mechanic has little if any opportunity to 

become familiar with the business side of the trade. 

The conditions under which he works brings to him 

seldom if ever an opportunity to learn anything on 

successful methods of estimating on work, securing 

the contract, purchasing the materials, making 

the proper charges and finally making the collections. 

The mechanic's experience is confined chiefly to 

making installation. 

As a result of this the young mechanic on opening 

his own shop knows little about estimating, 

overhead, bookkeeping and the like. Under such 

conditions there is little wonder that he makes 

mistakes in estimating the cost of work and in the 

general conduct of his business. Doubtless it is 

because of this lack of knowledge that many young 

shop owners soon find themselves in financial difficulties 

and must go back to work as a mechanic. 

It is to fill this want of information that this 

journal has planned to run this series of articles 

on Estimating. It is hoped, as it is felt, tbat this 

treatment of the subject will help many a reader 

to follow more scientific methods in his estimating 

work, and thus increase his profits. 

As these articles accomplish this PLUMBER AND 

STEAM FITTER will feel amply repaid for the time, 

energy, effort and expense it is expending in the 

preparation and presentation of these articles. 

And this series on Estimating is not the only 

good thing that is coming. Many other articles 

giving valuable information are planned for the 

coming year, all of which will give convincing evidence 

as they appear of the this journal's determination 

to render real, practical and valuable assistance 

to its readers. 


FR O ST-PROOF 

CLOSETS 

















Jcs.A.VcgelCo. 

Wilmington 

Delaware 

Saves 2 to [3 Gallons of 

Water on Eaeh Flushing 



a closet that flushes perfectly on less water than others. 







which form objectionable fouling places.} 

Write today for catalog of the Watrous line, whieh 


self-closing coeks, liquid soap fixtures, etc. 



t A3S9uc 

PLUMBING ^ 

FIXTURES , 1 

CL SS*"



(Copyright by THE STREET, Inc) 

Week Ending December 10, 1920 

LW—Last Week (Shown by level of mercury in tube) PW—Previous Week LY—Corresponding Week Last Year 1919—1919 Weekly average, 

taken as normal 

PW- 

nn LV 

BUSINESS 

FAILURES 

(Dun's) 

(Number) 

LW 326 

PW 339 

LY 126 

1919 124 

LV 

PW- 

PW. LY- LY- 

LY 

PW- - 

PW 

PW 

PW- I 

I I TTT1 

BUILDING FOOD TIME BANK 

DEMAND BANK STOCK SALES BOND 

CONTRACTS PRICES MONEY LOANS DEPOSITS CLEARINGS (N. Y. Stock SALES 

(F. W. Dodge Co ) (Annalist) (90 days (N. Y. Clearing (N. Y. Clearing (N. Y. Clearing Exchange) (N. Y. Sto< 

(In Millions) (Index No.) (Mixed) House) 

House) 

House) (Thousands of Exchange) 

(In Millions) (In Millions) (In Millions) Shares) (In Thousan 

29* 

21* 

59* 

49 

217* 

223* 

286* 

296 

7J_% 

754% 

7% 

654% 

5,209* 

5,219* 

5,144* 

5,012 

4,004* 

4,023* 

4,133* 

4,051 

4,943* 

4,005* 

5,510* 

4,506 

4,782t 

4,547t 

5,408t 

6,017 

91,655t 

69,063t 

145,006t 

72,523 

t Week ended Friday. One week earlier than other barometers. 


for lower prices and toward the end of the week succeeded 

in their operations. The grain markets were 

Business was considerably depressed throughout the severely depressed. The breaks in stocks, cotton, silver 

week. There were many factors disturbing confidence. and other commodities, together with the Federal Re 

One of the most important was the continued weaknesses serve suggestion that liquidation of loans on the part 

in the stock and commodity markets. Notwithstanding of country banks is now imperative, exerted bearish 

the fact that in the past seven months the wholesale effects upon grain prices. Corn showed the greatest 

prices of commodities declined over 34.2 per cent, price weakness. There was no improvement in the sugar 

recessions continue. Another adverse factor is the reck market. The demand for raw sugars is weak. Refiners 

less issuing of Treasury notes. During the week a new have all they can do to take care of their arrivals and 

issue of $500,000,000 of these notes was made. The show no disposition to buy the sugars pressing for sale 

enormous estimates of government expenditures pre on the local market. Market opinion indicates that susented 

to Congress were further factors of importance. gar prices will work lower before the market steadies 

These great government expenditures are serious causes about the beginning of the new year. 

of inflation and tend to postpone the establishment of The foreign exchange market was irregular and closed 

normal business conditions according to The Street of quiet. The week ended with an active demand for ster 

December 11. 

ling and with French, Italian and Spanish rates a htlle 

Commercial failures in the United States amounted to up. The feature of the market during the week was the 

326, as compared with 339 in the preceding week, and extreme weakness of the rates on Greece due to political 

126 the corresponding week a year ago. Bank clearings developments. The rates on Scandinavia were weaker. 

continue to rise. The aggregate clearings this week The stock market declined throughout the week. On 

were $943,000,000 more than in the previous week. In the tenth the market broke badly on heavy trading. 

a liquidating market, a rise of this character should not The losses were well distributed among the rails and 

be expected. 

industrials. A feature of the week was the heavy sell 

The iron and steel markets were weak and producers ing of United States steel common, which establishes a 

found it difficult, even with slight price concessions, to new low record for the year when it sold down to 79#j 

develop new business. There were no new developments at noon on December 10. 

in the fuel markets. The copper market was quiet and 

little business was done in lead, zinc or tin. 

MONEY 

Continued liquidation occurred in the cotton market. Time money market was again unchanged rates being 

The weakness in cotton influenced the whole of the tex quoted at 7y@7y per cent', according to collateral 

tile industries. The domestic wool market was de and maturity. Borrowers, however, continue to bid 

pressed, and the New England textile industries have 7y per cent, but the supply at this figure was scarce 

been compelled to reduce the working hours, and in and business was generally confined to renewals. 

many cases, the number of employees. No improvement Mercantile paper rates were again unchanged at 7-|4@ 

is shown in the coffee market. Bear operators played 8 per cent, with very little business done. 

LY- 

LY- 

LY 

m

FLUMBER and 

STEAM FITTER 

Vol. XCIV, No. 20 DECEMBER 31, 1920 $2.00 a Yeai 

Warm in Winter—Cool in Summer 

An Extraordinary System of Heating and Ventilating Which 

Keeps a Florida Climate in an Ohio Home the Year Round 

The heating and ventilation of the residence of 

C. E. Kettering, located at Dayton, Ohio, demonstrates 

the practicability of maintaining a desired temperature 

throughout the year. The planning of the residence 

and its equipment 

was done by 

Schenck & Williams, 

architects, 

920 Mutual Home 

building, Dayton. 

Ohio. The heating, 

ventilation and 

plumbing was installed 

by Brooks 

Sons, plumbing and 

heating contractors, 

of Dayton, Ohio. 

The scheme of 

heating and venti 

lation of this building 

is by supplying 

all rooms with 

fresh, washed, conditioned air at the proper temperature 

to maintain any desired temperature in rooms thus supplied. 

It was originally intended to heat this house with 

direct radiation using a two-pipe gravity system. The 

boiler was placed in the garage in order to eliminate 

all dirt and noise in the house. All other machinery, 

such as vacuum cleaners, refrigerating machine, water 

supply pump, etc., were also placed in the garage, 

which was connected to the house by a concrete electric 

lighted tunnel, as shown in Fig. 1. Through this 

tunnel are carried the steam and water mains and returns, 

vacuum main 

and electric conduit 

as shown. 

The original intent 

was changed in 

favor of a mechanically 

driven ventilating 

and heating 

system such as was 

installed. A No. 

48-10 Mills boiler. 

rated at 7800 sq. 

ft., manufactured 

by the H. B. Smith 

Co., Westfield, 

Mass., was set in 

the sub-basement 

RESIDENCE AND GARAGE OF C. E. KETTERING 

of the garage which 

is a four-story structure. In the basement of the garage 

a room was Wet apart for the heating and ventilating 

equipment, shown in Fig. 2. Fresh air is drawn through 

a screened window, thence through tempering coils, consisting 

of two stacks of 30 in. Vento radiation, composed 

of eight sections each, set vertically. 

After being tempered by these coils, the air passes 

through an American Blower Co. No. 2 self-contained 

V? _*-lw ^T. T.CT AfTJ T"WF. "ROOM SHOWING AUXILIARY FAN STEAM PIPING IN TUNNEL FROM GARAGE TO HOUSE


air washer, having a capacity of 4500 cu. ft. per 

minute. This unit is made up of a No. 00 washer 

36 in. wide, 50 in. high and 6 ft. 9 in. long. The air 

washer has four of the American Blower Co. standard 

all-metal, flushable type spray heads, controlled by a 

threeway valve installed outside of the washer near 

pump and standard eliminators and scrubbers. 

The pump handling the water for the air washer 

is a Buffalo pump \y in. double suction and handles 

24 gal. of water per minute. This pump is mounted 

on a sub-base with a 3 hp. electric motor direct connected 

with pump by flexible couplings and operates 

at 1165 r. p. m. The air washer is figured to remove 

98 per cent of all dust, dirt and solid matter from the 

entering air, with a resistance passing through the 

washer of 0.2 in. with a velocity of 500 ft. per minute, 

the air being cooled to within 85 per cent of the wet 

bulb depression, and containing no entrained moisture. 

The fan is a No. 4 single inlet Troy Sirocco and 

will deliver 4000 cu. ft. per minute against iy in. 

To all ducts leading to the various rooms of the 

house are connected mixing dampers to both the tempered 

air and hot air chambers in the usual manner, 

the dampers being operated by thermostats. The temperature 

of tempered and hot air is controlled bythermostats, 

operating on tempering and reheating coils. 

Each room in the house is equipped with a Johnson 

Service Co. heat regulator manufactured by the Johnson 

Service Co., Milwaukee, Wis., and also has a heat 

register placed in the floor or wall near the floor. 

Vitiated air is removed from the first story and basement 

rooms through fireplace flues, stair wells, kitchen 

range vent, etc. In the second story vent registers are 

provided, placed in floors and connected between beams 

to risers which are led to attic, and there tied into 

ventilators, one at each end of the building, extending 

above the roof and painted same color as the roof tile. 

A by-pass duct leads to the plenum chamber from 

an opening in the outside wall of house so that the 

house can be heated by gravity circulation in case the 

VIEW OF MACHINE ROOM GARAGE SHOWING AIR WASHER, TEMPERING COILS, STEAM AND WATER CONNECTIONS 

resistance water gauge. The speed of the fan is 550 

r. p. m. and requires approximately \y B. hp. 

From the washer the air goes to the fan and is 

forced through a galvanized iron duct to a 24-in. tile 

laid 3 ft. in the ground parallel to tunnel and under 

the house basement floor to a two-story plenum chamber. 

In this chamber are placed two sets of Vento 

heaters, both set horizontally; one the re-tempering 

coil, in the fresh air opening in the floor, and the 

other the re-heating coil, in opening in upper deck. 

The re-tempering coil is made up of two stacks of 

seven sections each of 30-in. Vento radiation; the reheating 

coil of three stacks eight sections each. 

plant is not operated. The by-pass damper is operated 

by an air switch placed on the starting rheostat at the 

fan so that when the fan is being operated the by-pass 

will be closed and vice versa. 

This job has been operated for the past 4 years 

and has proven entirely satisfactory to the owner. 

The record for fuel consumption for the winter of 

1918-1919 shows a fuel consumption of approximately 

50 tons. During the summer months the air washer 

and ventilating system is used to furnish a clean, cool 

supply of air for all rooms throughout the house, 

which allows of a comfortable atmosphere during all 

sorts of weather and at every season of the year-

December 31. 1920 P L U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER 585 

Accurate Plumbing and 

Heating Estimates—How Made 

The First of a Series of Articles Which Open Up the Details of Estimating, 

Explaining the Elementary Principles Involved and Covering 

the Most Modern Methods as Applied in Eliminating Approximation 

Broadly speaking, the making of an estimate consists 

first of planning how the work shall be done, 

setting down in an intelligent manner the necessary 

operations to carry out this plan, applying a labor cost 

to each operation, taking off quantities in making a bill 

"WHY TAKE THE RISK IN JUMPING? IT PAYS TO GO 

OVER THE SAFE ROUTE 

of materials, computing the cost of materials and applying 

overhead. Whether these steps are taken consecutively 

or not, all of them must be taken, otherwise 

the sum is arrived at by guess rather than by 

•estimating. 

Long experience makes possible shrewd guessing 

as to the probable cost of work, but the business that 

relies on this practice is on a slimpsy foundation. 

This is aptly illustrated by the experience of a general 

contractor who held an envious reputation for being a 

hustler and an expert in his business. He was full 

of pep and not only had the reputation, but did get 

more and better work from his men than other contractors 

in that locality. Further, he was an excellent 

executive and a close buyer. His jobs grew every 

minute of the working day. 

Let us call him Jones. When Jones got a job up, it 

went up with a bang. His men hustled for him. He 

hustled. You could give Jones a set of plans at 

night; get your estimate next morning. He was a 

regular demon for speed in estimating. Other contractors 

were dazed by it. They were unable to keep 

pace with Jones. One by one they dropped out of 

competition. When Jones got the plans, he virtually 

had the job. He made money. Things were going his 

way. 

Then, a peculiar co-incidence for that community 

•occurred. The plans for three big jobs, much larger 

BY HARVEY A. CALL 

PART I 

than Jones had been handling, were submitted for 

estimate during one month. Jones got the first one, a 

few days later the second one, and then made a 

clean sweep by landing the third one. It was common 

rumor that Jones figured one of those jobs in less 

than a day. He started all three jobs and finished 

them. They finished him. His losses on them forced 

him into bankruptcy. His quick estimates had been 

shrewd guesses. 

The guesses on the small jobs were an insufficient 

basis on which to arrive at the cost of the big ones. 

He guessed where he should have had accurate data 

on which to base his estimate. Jones went broke 

THE ROUGHING DIAGRAM 

It need not be drawn to scale or in proportion so long as 

it intelligently set. forth to the estimator a correct and accurate 

report of his reasoning and intent while planning 

guessing. All that he had gained in years of untiring 

and hard effort was lost on that "lame horse guess. 

While that is one of the extreme cases, there are 

thousands of jobs let to plumbers and steam fitters 

each year, on which they either face a direct loss or 

pull through with no profit, due largely or almost en-

T 


tirely, to guessing and a lack of systematic calculation. 

In making estimates some approximations or guesses 

are unavoidable. However, these can be systematically 

reduced to a point where errors will not be of sufficient 

importance to jeopardize the entire profits, much less 

BASEMENT 

rlcvation of Front 

infringe on the capital employed in doing the work. 

In otber words, errors in approximations can be reduced 

to a point where they will be no back-fire to 

the estimate. 

A large part of plumbing and steam fitting shops 

have to do with two distinct types of estimates. The 

one is where detail plumbing and heating plans are 

furnished by the architect or engineers, and where 

provisions are made in the structure to accommodate 

the installation of these systems; the other where there 

are no detail plans of plumbing or heating and where 

the owner and architect expect the plumber and steamfitter 

to accommodate their work to the structure in 

such a manner as to meet the whims of the owner 

or architect. Those two problems are as fundamentally 

different as a bull dog and a bull frog. 

On the first class of estimate, careful, systematic and 

painstaking work will eliminate all error as to quantities 

and if reliable, accurate cost data sheets are 

available for use, it is a question of clerical accuracy 

to arrive at the cost of materials and labor, as well as 

the net estimate. The principal knowledge necessary 

is arithmetic and how to apply the information on 

the data sheets. 

The other class of estimates is usually on the 

smaller jobs, however, of a more difficult nature. 

The estimator in order to take off the quantities must 

visualize all lines of pipe as they will be erected in 

the building, including fittings, valves, etc., and foresee 

all obstacles that will be encountered in erecting 

the work. That means that he does the engineering 

on the job while making the estimate, and it will not 

be amiss to call attention here to the need of making 

his records of this engineering work in an intelligent 

manner so that his work will not have to be done 

a second time if he is the successful bidder. 

Detailed drawings made by the plumber or steam 

fitter for each job figured is prohibited by the small 

percentage of jobs secured on which estimates are 

made. Detail drawings not available, some simple 

and accurate method of recording intelligently the 

proposed manner of installation, the one on which 

the estimate is to be based, is necessary. This can 

also be made to serve as an additional check against 

error in taking off quantities. 

A long experience in estimating this type of work 

has evolved the following system: The first part 

pertaining to plumbing quantities. That the explanation 

may not become involved or confusing by complicated 

details, a simple plan of a cottage job, as 

shown in the illustration, will suffice to convey the 

methods employed and allow of the reasoning being 

simple. 

In approaching this estimate it will be well to get 

past the stage of trying to fool ourselves. We must 

get down to bed rock facts. The first one is thisr 

The estimate is made with the intent to land the job. 

This estimator is going to get it. Now that is so 

because if you were sure the other fellow was going 

to win it, why bid? Then, if you are going to get 

the job, first, you must make sure of a profit; second, 

you can do it most economically by doing each part 

of it once only. Therefore you must do each part so 

that you do not have to go back and do it a second 

time. 

That reasoning is as important, if not more important, 

when applied to doing the estimating part of 

that job as it is to any other part of the work. It 

is an old and true saying, "A job well planned is 

half done." But, if you make plans so that they 

cannot be read all the planning will have to be done a 

second time, if the work gets away to a good start. 

With this as the basis of our start, let us assume 

that the soil and water pipe for this job will begin at 

Plon of Bo lament 

5cc*l


retain just how we planned to install the pipe on four 

or five of these jobs. Therefore, if we are to have a 

record of what we plan to do in this particular case, 

it had better be made now. Further, experience has 

shown that it can be done now, that it will save time, 

reduce errors and pay in dollar profits. The easiest 

way is to draw an outline of the piping as we propose 

to install it. 

The making of this outline or sketch must be done 

in a careful, systematic manner so that it will include 

and indicate all pipe and fittings, and be intelligible 

for future reference,'better when drawn as a 

perspective view. However, it is not intended that a 

man must be an expert draftsman to be an estimator. 

It need not be drawn to scale or in proportion, so 

long as it intelligently sets forth to the estimator a 

correct and accurate report of his reasoning and intent 

while planning. 

Let us start the outline for the house illustrated by 

beginning at the point outside of foundation marked 

A, Fig. 1. From this point we continue inside of 

cellar wall. Here a clean-out fitting is necessary. In 

this particular case lack of room forces us to put 

the trap against the side wall of cellar, so the cleanout 

fitting will be a Y, and so we draw the horizontal 

Plan of First Floor 

-We -'-/_?" 

6 

line from A indicating the Y, by an oblique line. 

Into the end Y is house trap. 

The next fitting is a sanitary tee to receive the fresh 

air inlet, drawn as shown. Now we must decide what 

is to be done with the fresh air inlet. By referring 

to the plan it is evident that it cannot be taken out 

through the front wall of building and brought up 

along side of front door and steps, nor can we let it 

interfere with getting the soil stack up with the least 

number of sharp bends. Then the thing that must 

be done is to take the fresh air inlet out through 

the side wall either over or under the soil stack. 

If it goes over the stack it will require offset fittings. 

Therefore, it had better go out through wall up to 

587 

a point above ground level, and finish with vent cap 

therefore, we draw in the sketch a line up, across 

and up indicating the vent cap at the top, as shown in 

lie sketch. From the run outlet of sanitary tee the 

me must rise. A quarter bend is placed in this outlet, 

facing up Now we have to get the stack back to 

the front of building so that its vertical rise can be 

along front wall of building. 

On figuring to make this offset, it must be borne 

in mind that the amount of room which is available 

determines how it must be done. In this case we are 

leaving cellar 4 ft. under bottom Hine of beams 

Ihen the trap, tee and quarter bend will bring the 

Plan of Second Floor 

Scale f-/^" 

center line of quarter bend at least 33 in. from the 

front wall. Now if we put an eighth bend in the 

quarter bend it will not clear the fresh air inlet pipe. 

Then we must rise. This determines that we 'can 

very readily place a 4 x 2-in. Y into the quarter bend 

to receive the sink waste, an eighth bend in Y, and 

run from that bend to a second eighth bend to 

quarter bend and up to attic, offset with two eighths 

bends to get back from the eave line, and thence 

through the roof, inserting a 4-in. sanitary tee to 

receive the closet waste, a 4 x 2-in. Y to receive lavatory 

and bath wastes and 4 x 2-in. tee to receive vents 

from lavatory and bath. 

Then the lines of our sketch would have been developed 

from quarter bend up, Y indicated, 45-deg. 

angle up, 45-deg. angle across, 90-deg. angle up, Y 

and sanitary tee indicated up, 45-deg. angle tee indicated, 

up to 45-deg. angle, thence up through roof, 

intersection at roof indicated by sloping line. 

The outline of the stack finished the sink waste is 

then started. From the 4 x 2-in. Y left in stack for 

this fixture, it is necessary to rise on a 45-deg. angle, 

to get pipe above the top of the cellar door where it 

crosses the doorway on its way to the sink. So the 

line is drawn on 45 deg. up to the first eighth bend 

drainage fitting. From this point the pipe will run on 

a grade to a point at which a 45-deg. bend will bring 

it into position to make the vertical rise to receive sink 

waste, in this case about 8 ft. from the rear wall of 



When a Bank Account Pays the Bank 

If Yours Does, Do You Get the Accommodation You Deserve 

and Ask For? If Yours Doesn't, Are You Doing Your Part 

to Compensate ^the Bank for Carrying Your Account? 

There are many details which influence the opinion In the absence of a statement from a depositor the 

of the banker as to the value of your account. In the banker gets information on which to base his opinion 

first place an account to be of real value to the bank from other sources, sometimes from personal observa 

must be one on which the bank makes a profit and on tion, at other times from commercial ratings, observa 

which it is not forced to take a questionable risk. tions of some two or three reliable men who know the 

Those are the two elementary items which the banker depositor and in many other ways. Many times this is 

considers in relation to every account. 

unfair to the depositor and greatly inconveniences him 

It is therefore plain that for the depositor to get by reducing the credit which he should have from the 

equitable treatment, he should spare no pains in lay bank. However, the banker has done the best he 

ing before the banker the data of his business in order could to get reliable information and the small deposi 

that the banker can have complete knowledge of the tor has done nothing to merit the consideration which 

facts of that business on which to base his decision as he seeks, so the ill effects are really caused by the 

to the degree of risk to be assumed by the bank in negligence of the depositor who suffers the penalty. 

handling that account. 

In considering the statement the banker regards 

DUTY OF THE SMALL DEPOSITOR 

equipment of little value except to the owner. However, 

he does take into consideration the class of work 

In the country and smaller city banks a depositor done, the class of customers for whom it is done, the 

must keep an average balance of $200 in the bank in degree of satisfaction and confidence the customers 

order that the bank may break even on the transaction. have in the business man and the methods employed by 

It costs the bank all it can earn with the $200 to pay the depositor in doing his work, as well as the nature of 

for its stationery furnished free of charge to the de the material being handled. Perishable goods and specpositors, 

clerical work and overhead expense (light, ialties are looked upon with less favor from the banker's 

beat, etc.) necessary to carrying the account. In the viewpoint than the handling of staple or imperishable 

larger city banks a minimum balance is set by the bank goods. It will be seen that the plumber or steam fitter 

as the lowest amount it will entertain to open or carry who takes a pride in having his work well done and 

an account. This minimum is based on the cost of appreciated by customers will insist on making his 

carrying an account. The practice therefore elimin service rendered compare favorably with the cost to 

ates all accounts which could be carried by the bank- his customer has a much better reputation with his 

only at a loss. 

banker than the one who uses slipshod methods with 

The country and smaller city banks, having a closer consequent complaints and dissatisfaction from custo 

contact, a more intimate personal knowledge of its mers. 

depositors, usually are willing to carry a new small 

account until such time as a depositor is able to build 

FACTS AS CONSIDERED BY BANKER 

it up to a place where it will pay the bank to handle it. The personal loan by the smaller banks is decided 

Therefore, it behooves the depositor who cannot main by the banker on the basis of information which he 

tain a balance sufficient to pay for the cost of carrying has relative to the depositor making the request. 

the account to offset this by showing the banker his However, the banks consider that in order that the 

appreciation of the courtesy extended by the bank in loan be a safe investment for the bank, quick assets 

co-operating with him in the building up of his reserve. of the business seeking the loan should be at least two 

The small account in many cases will be held in and a half times greater than its quick liabilities. The 

greater value by the banker than some of the larger quick assets should include cash on hand and in bank, 

account. The small depositor will take the banker available stock, securities, real estate and bills receiv 

into his confidence and give him a statement at least able. In other words, the bank does not want to put 

once a year founded on real facts showing the net more money into the business of the depositor than 

business done and the profits made. The small de the owner of that business. 

positor will gain by this in that the banker will be glad The banker is no longer a little tin god who wants 

to assist him in analyzing the business of the depositor to be looked up to. He is in business to sell his 

and point out such errors or bad business practice as money and to get paid for it the same as any other 

exist. Further than being in close contact with the merchant If the depositor does not treat the banker 

methods used in many different businesses the banker with intelligence and courtesy it is rather more than 

is in a position to suggest practical solution which will we can expect of human nature to believe the banker 

correct the bad practices and prevent a repetition. will extend anything but like treatment to the depositor. 

The banks not only like to have these statements but However, ,f the plumber or steam fitter, even 

want them as the bank has a system of tabulating in 

though his bank balance be small, uses courtesy and 

formation contained in the statements on forms es intelligence in his banking business, his banker will 

pecially for that purpose and from year to year these be glad to assist him by loaning him such money as he 

are prepared, allowing the banker to form a reasonably 

may need in his business. Further than that the 

correct opinion as to the business ability of the deposi 

more accurate and explicit information the small 

tor and of the earning power of the business. It is on man places in possession of the banker, the more 

this information, largely, that the banker is able to de 

equitable will be the treatment accorded the applicant 

termine the risk assumed in making a loan to the 

Co-operation with your banker is essential to a sound 

depositor. 

business policy.

December 31,[1920 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 589 

4 

Figure That Any Way You Like, Unless You Deliberately Fool Yourself, 

the Answer Is the Same—That Applies in the Plumbing and Heating Industry 

as in Any Other—If the Plumbing Contractor Neglects a Possible 

Opportunity, He Reduces His Possible Profits by Just That Much 

If a plumbing or heating contractor has four ways 

'of making profits and one is neglected by him or 

grabbed off by some other industry, he has but three 

left. Therefore, if any are to be neglected, and profits 

THE JARVIS THERMO FLASH 

Makes any gas water lieater automatic—B. Ryan 

Co., manufacturers, 372 West Fifteenth Street, 

New York City 

A WICKLESS KER 

OSENE WATER 

HEATER 

Manufactured by the 

Hotstream Heater Co., 

Cleveland, Ohio 

are to be considered, they should be the ones producing 

questionable profits. By that is meant the 

branches of business which sometimes produce profits 

and other times losses. 

Water heaters have been in many cases neglected by 

the plumbing contractor. Where gas is to be had, gas 

companies have put a little effort in their sale, primarily 

to increase the consumption of their product, 

gas, incidentally grabbing off the profit belonging to 

the plumbing contractor. In communities where gas 

is not available, the sale of the kerosene type of water 

heater has scarcely scratched the surface of the field 

of opportunities offered by this class of heater. 

In the final analysis profits are the acid test of 

business. Profits are the only justification for investing 

money, and assuming the worries, cares and responsibilities 

which are a positive obligation to the 

business head. 

Good business then demands of the business head 

that he carefully scan the field for opportunities to 

make a legitimate profit. The better the business man, 

the more will he avoid cut-throat competition by developing 

other opportunities of profit. The result is 

that his men are kept busy on work at a profitable 

price, and the profit once made does not have to sustain 

losses incident to business taken in cut-throat 

competition, simply to keep the men going. 

Water heaters are one of the opportunities of every 

plumbing contractor to get some profit. In some 

communities, the total money to be made is larger 

than in others. Still in every community the water 

heater can be used as a means to the end—satisfactory 

profits. 

Even if the prospect who is approached by the plumbing 

contractor with sales talk and an explanation of 

the water heater, does not at once place an order for 

a heater, the plumbing contractor in thus approaching 

AMERICAN INSTANTANEOUS WATER 

HEATER 

Made by the American Heater Corporation, St. 

Louis, Mo. 

him has made a gain. He has made an impression 

on that prospect. If he has mastered water heaters 

and presented the information in a logical and intelligent 

manner, the prospect is bound to recognize the


ability displayed. The water heater has furnished the There are thousands of other cases where intelligent 

medium through which this display of ability has been presentation of the salient features of modern water 

VERTICAL 

WATER VALVE 

SPOUT TYPE 

GAS BURNERS 

IZ IN ADJUSTABLE 

TRIPOD LEG BASE 

COLD WATER INLET 

THROUGH WATER VALVE 

CANOPY TOP 

DRAFT HOOD 

COPPER COILS 

DEAD AIR 

INSULATION 

DETACHABLE 

LOWER SECTION 

COIL 

_ HOT WATER 

OUTLET 

INTERNAL 

THERMOSTAT 

ANALYTICAL VIKW OF PITTSBURGH BUNGALOW WATER 

HEATER 

Made by Pittsburgh Water Heater Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 

REGULATING 

VALVE 

"C" 

THERMOSTAT 

ADJUSTMENT 

WATER/ *"!• 

VALVE PLUN 

COLD WATER 

GAS CONNECTION TO 

BURNER 

JAM NUTS 

THERMOSTAT 

BRACKET 

COIL CONNECTIONS 

OAS INLET 

TYPICAL WATER AND GAS VALVE 

View showing simplicity of construction 

made possible and which, in the majority of cases, 

leads to future business in other branches. 

HOFFMAN INSTANTANEOUS HEATER 

Manufactured by Hoffman Heater Co., Lorain, Ohio 

PILOT BURNER 

BUflNEH 

POSIT ION I 

PATENTED 

CAS BURNERS 

VENT TO FLUE 

REMOVABLE CAST 

EXTERIOR CAST 

IRON SHELL ' 

CAST IRON 

ANALYTICAL VIEW OF RUUD AUTOMATIC WATER HEATER 

Manufactured by Ruud Manufacturing Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 

heaters result in the sales of the apparatus. That 

means profit on the heaters, profit on the labor and 

material used in making the installation, and a further 

opportunity of getting acquainted with the customer, 

discovering and analyzing his needs, thus pre-

December 31, 1920 P L U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER 

paring and paving a way for some future business. 

In presenting information on water heaters to prospects 

there are a few things to keep in mind. All 

men, as a rule, pride themselves on having a certain 

amount of mechanical ability. Information relative 

to the mechanical operation and cost of heating water 

per unit will interest them. Most men have some 

pride in the home and a desire to make the burdens 

less and increase the comforts of their families. 

Therefore, information of the convenience afforded by 

the heater and the assurance of an ever present and 

sufficient supply of hot water, will be of interest to those 

men. 

Women, while they are interested in having lots of 

hot water, will consider and be more pleased in learning 

of the safety of this device, its cleanly operation and 

labor saving features. From this it will be seen that 

in order to make a success of selling water heaters, 

one must have a comprehensive knowledge of them, 

their construction, their mechanical operation, labor 

saving and safety features. 

That is no hardship on the plumbing contractor; in 

fact, it is to his advantage. He is a mechanic. His 

mind is adapted to mastering mechanical details. He 

facturing Co., Cleveland, Ohio 

can grasp and intelligently explain mechanical operation. 

In most cases his competitor, the gas man, cannot. 

Therefore, the sale of water heaters, when the 

same energy is displayed in each case, will be made 

by the plumber. 

All necessary information relative to water heaters 

can be had by the plumbing contractor from the 

manufacturers. They publish literature explaining the 

features of their product, also detailed explanation of 

its mechanical operation. They also publish pamphlets 

and bulletins for distribution by the plumbing contractor 

to the public and maintain an expert engineering 

and sales force, whose sen-ices are free to the 

plumbing contractor for such assistance as he may 

need in deciding sizes of equipment needed and any 

special information desired as to sales methods. 

In taking advantage of this assistance of the manufacturers, 

the plumbing contractor brings to the sup- 

HUMPHREY COTTAGE WATER HEATER 

Manufactured by Humphrey Co., Kalamazoo, Mich. 

port of his effort the specialized training of experts. 

He increases his force at no extra cost to him. The 

results are bound to show in larger profits for the 

plumbing contractor. The larger they are, the greater 

has he proven his business ability by the acid test of 

business. 

A Good Choice 

William A. Bradford, executive secretary of the 

Massachusetts Sanitary Club, former president of 

the Massachusetts Master Plumbers' Association 

and founder of the William A. Bradford Co., plumbing 

and heating contractors of Quincy, Mass., has 

added another laurel to his already long list by becoming 

mayor of Quincy, Mass., a city of approximately 

65,000 population. Mayor Bradford has 

served for several terms in the city council. One 

of his opponents, ex-Mayor G. B. Bates, is likewise 

in the plumbing business and finished third in a 

hotly contested four cornered contest. Bradford's 

plurality was 652. 

Illinois State Convention 

Don't forget thc dates—January 25, 26, 27, 1921. 

Arrange to attend. If you are not an' association 

member, the benefits accruing from your attendance 

at this convention will justify your becoming one 

at once. Active work with your association will 

prove enjoyable and profitable throughout the year. 

Put your pound on the wheel; it is needed to gain 

for the industry the prestige which it so richly deserves.

592 


How to Determine Power Required for Pumping 

The power required for pumping depends primarily 

upon two factors—the weight of the liquid to be 

pumped per minute and the vertical height it has to 

be raised from the source of supply to the point of 

delivery. In addition to these two principal factors, 

allowance must be made in practice for the power required 

to overcome the losses in the pumping equipment 

and the friction in the pipe lines. 

To get the power required in terms of horsepower, 

multiply the weight of the liquid to be pumped per 

minute in pounds by the height it has to be lifted and 

forced in feet and divide this by 33,000. This gives 

us the following formula: 

Horse Power = 

Weight of liquid per minute in pounds 

33,000 

A Reliable Method of Estimating Power 

Required Under Actual Working Conditions 

X Height pumped in feet 

The above gives the theoretical power required. 

The actual power needed to do the work will be in 

excess of this, the amount depending upon the losses. 

To get the actual power required, the figure represent- 

Gal's 

per 

Min.. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

10 

15 

20 

25 

30 

35 

40 

45 

50 

70 

75 

100 

120 

125 

150 

175 

200 

225 

250 

270 

275 

300 

350 

400 

450 

470 

475 

500 

550 

600 

650 

700 

750 

800 

850 

900 

950 

1000 

1050 

1100 

1150 

1200 

1250 

1/2 Inch Pipe 

Vel. 

1.05 

2.10 

3.16 

4.21 

5.26 

10 52 

Fric.. 

1.50 

5.30 

11.30 

19.20 

29.00 

105.00 

3/4 Inch Pipe 

Vel. . 

1.20 

1.80 

2.41 

3.01 

6.02 

9.02 

12.03 

Fric. . Vel. 

1.40 

2.90 

5.00 

7.50 

27.10 

57.0C 

97.0C 

1 Inch Pipe 

1.12 

1.40 

1.86 

3.72 

6.13 

7.44 

9.30 

11.15 

13.02 

11.88 

TABLE No. t— FRICTION OF WATER PIPES. 

power obtained, by the efficiency of the pumping outfit, 

and this result should be expressed as a decimal. 

With these corrections our formula becomes: 

W X H 

Horse Power = 

33,000 X E 

Where W is the weight of liquid pumped per 

minute in pounds, H is the total head in feet including 

looss of head due to friction in pipe lines and E is the 

efficiency of the pump. 

To illustrate with an example: Suppose we wish to 

pump 300 gal. of water per minute against a combined 

lift and force of 200 ft. Suppose further that the 

pipe line will be 5 in. in diameter, 400 ft. long and 

that it has five 90 deg. elbows. 

From table No. 1 we get the following: 

Friction loss in 100 ft. of 5-in. pipe discharging 300 

gal. per minute = 2.25 ft. For 400 ft. = 4 X 2.25 

= 9 ft. 

From table No. 2 we get: 

Friction loss in 1, 5 in., 90-deg. elbow, discharging 300 

Loss of head in feet due to friction, per 100 feet of new. smooth, wrought iron pipe 

Fric. 

0.90 

1.52 

2.32 

8.40 

18.90 

30.10 

45.50 

64.0,0 

85.00 

109.00 

.1 1/4 In. Pipe 

Vel. 

0 86 

1.07 

2.14 

3.92 

4.29 

5.36 

6.43 

7.51 

8.58 

9(68 

10.72 

15.01 

Fric. 

0.40 

0.60 

2.18 

4.65 

7.90 

11.90 

16.90 

22.30 

28.50 

35.20 

43.20 

81.00 

1 1/2 In. PiP e 

2 Inch Pipe. . 2 1/2 In. Pipe 

Vel. 

0.63 

0.79 

1.57 

2.72 

3.15 

4.56 

4.72 

5.51 

6.30 

7\0S 

7.87 

11.02 

11.S0 

15.74 

• 

Fric. 

0.19 

0.28 

1.02 

2.25 

3.70 

5.60 

7.80 

10.30 

13.30 

16.60 

20.20 

37.60 

42.70 

73.00 

ing the height pumped should be increased by the loss 

of head in feet due to friction in the pipe line. This 

can be determined by the Tables No. 1 and 2. 

The result determined in this way must then be 

corrected for the power loss in the pumping equipment. 

This is accomplished by dividing the horse 

Vel. 

0.51 

1.02 

1.53 

2.04 

2.55 

3.06 

3.57 

4.08 

4.60 

5.11 

7.15 

7.66 

10.21 

12.25 

12.75 

15.30 

Fric.. 

0.09 

0.36 

0.81 

1.29 

1.S6 

2.73 

3.66 

4.6S 

5.80 

7.10 

13.20 

14.90 

25.60 

36.00 

38.90 

54 00 

Vel. 

0.33 

0.65 

0.98 

1.31 

1.63 

1.96 

2.29 

2.62 

2.95 

3.30 

4.60 

4.93 

6.54 

7.84 

8.16 

9.80 

11.43 

13.07 

0.05 

0.12 

0.25 

0.43 

0.66 

0.92 

1.23 

1.55 

1.97 

2.3S 

4.42 

5.0" 

8.6C 

12.0C 

13.0 

18.71 

23.7( 

30.91 

3 Inch Pipe. 

Fric . Vel.. Fric. Vel. 

0.45 

0.6S 

0.91 

1.13 

1.36 

1.59 

1.82 

2.02 

2.27 

3.18 

3.41 

4.54 

5.45 

5.68 

6.80 

7.92 

9.08 

10.42 

11.28 

12.45 

12.70 

13.62 

. . 1 

0.05 

011 

0.18 

0.27 

0.38 

0.51 

0.65 

0.80 

0.98 

1.83 

2.11 

3.52 

4.97 

5.40 

7.72 

9.75 

12.80 

16.00 

19.70 

22.70 

23.60 

27.10 

4 Inch Pipe. 

1.02 

1.17 

1.28 

1.79 

1.92 

2.55 

3.06 

3.19 

3.84 

4.45 

5.11 

6.32 

6.40 

6.90 

7.03 

7.66 

8.90 

10.20 

11.50 

12.16 

12.30 

12.77 

Fric. 

0.16 

0.20 

0.24 

0.45 

0.52 

0.88 

' 1:22 

1.33 

1.82 

2^40 

3.12 

4.72 

4.SC 

5-.5J 

5.71 

6.7C 

8.8C 

11.3C 

14.lt 

lfi.OC 

1«.4( 

17.2( 

5 Inch Pipe. 

Vel. 

1.14 

1.22 

1.63 

1.96 

2.04 

2.45 

2.86 

3.27 

3.67 

4.08 

.4.42 

4.53 

4.90 

5.72 

6.54 

7.35 

7.78 

"7.88 

8.17 

8.99 

9.80 

• 10.62 

11.44 

12.26 

Fnc.. 

0.15 

0.17 

0.29 

0.41 

0.46 

0 63 

0.84 

1.06 

1.33 

1.60 

L86 

1.94 

2.25 

2.99 

3.81 

4.75 

5.30 

5.41 

5.80 

6.90 

8.10 

9.40' 

10.80 

12.30 

6 Inch Pip« 

Vel. 

1.14 

1.42 

1.48 

1.71 

2.00 

2.28 

2.57 

2.80 

3.03 

3.06 

3.40 

3.98 

4.54 

5.12 

5.49 

5.55 

5.60 

6.16 

6.72 

7.28 

7.84 

• 8.50 

9.08 

9.58 

10.30 

10.72 

11.32 

11.90 

12.50 

12.95 

13.52 

14.10 

Fnc 

0.10 

0.18 

0.20 

0.23 

0.34 

8.44 

0.53 

0.66 

0.81 

0.82 

0.92 

1.21 

1.58 

1.96 

2.23 

2.30 

2.33 

2.81 

3.36 

3.93 

4.56 

5.00 

5.64 

6.25 

7.22 

7.65 

8.60 

9.50 

10.22 

10.96 

11.92 

11.00 

gal. per minute is equivalent to an additional 18 ft. of 

5 in. pipe. Five elbows = 5 X18 = 90 ft. additional. 

0.90 X 2.25 = 2 ft. friction. 

The total head "H" therefore, is 200 + 9 + 2 = 211 

ft. 

Water weighs about 8.33 lb. per U. S. gallon. The


EFFICIENCY CURVE CHART FOR TRIPLEX PUMPS AT VARYING HEAPS 

Goulds Bulletin No. 112, showing pump efficiency varies with per cent of rated 

head and water pumped, efficiency increasing as load approaches rating 

Pump Efficiency Curve Index 

GPM 

2 

4 

6 

6 

9 

12 

18 

18 

25 

25 

40 

60 

Size 

1J.X 2 

154 x 2^4 

2 x 3 

iyx 2'/_ 

2 x 3 

2'/_x 4 

2^x 4 

3 x 4 

3 x 4 

314 x 4 

4 x 6 

4 x 6 

Curve 

0 

M 

M 

K 

K T 

I 

G 

F 

F 

E 

C 

GPM 

100 

125 

125 

150 

175 

175 

200 

250 

250 

300 

300 

350 

S ze 

5 x 8 

5 x 8 

6 x 8 

6 x 8 

6 x 8 

7 x 8 

7 x 8 

7 x 8 

7 xlO 

7 xlO 

8 xlO 

8 xlO 

Cui 

B 

A 

C 

B 

A 

C 

B 

A 

B 

A 

B 

A 

593


weight pumped per minute will be 8.33 X 300 = 2499 lb. 

Assuming that under the conditions given, the pump 

has an efficiency of 85 per cent, and 

Substituting these values in our formula 

hp. 

Qals 

Min. 

40 

« 50 

70 

75 

100 

120 

125 

150 

175 

200 

225 

250 

270 

275 

300 

350 

400 

450 

470 

475 

500 

550 

600 

650 

700 

750 

800 

850 

900 

950 

1000 

1050 

1100 

11.50 

1200 

1 250 

1500 

2000 

4000 

4200 

4500 

5000 

5500 

6000 

6500 

7000 

7200 

8500 

7500 

8000 9000 

9500 

10000 

WXH 

we get: 

33,000 X E 

2499X211 

P. = H. 

18.79 

33,000 X .85 

4 Inch Pipe 

Vel. 

1.02 

1.17 

1.28 

1.79 

1.92 

2.55 

3.06 

3.19 

3.84 

4.45 

5.11 

6.32 

6.40 

6.90 

7.03 

7.66 

8 90 

10.20 

11 50 

12.16 

12.30 

12.77 

Fric. 

0.22 

0.28 

0.34 

0.63 

0.73 

1.23 

1.71 

1.86 

2.55 

3.36 

4.37 

6.61 

6.72 

7.70 

7.99 

9.38 

12.32 

15.82 

19.74 

22.40 

22.96 

24.08 

5 Inch Pipe. 

Vel. 

1.14 

1.22 

1.63 

1.96 

2.04 

2.45 

2.86 

3.27 

3.67 

4.08 

4.42 

4.50 

4.90 

5.72 

6.54 

7.35 

7.78 

7.88 

8.17 

8.99 

9.80 

10.62 

11.44 

12.26 

Fric. 

0.21 

0.24 

0.39 

0.57 

0.64 

0.88 

1.18 

1.48 

1.86 

2 24 

2.60 

2.72 

3.15 

4.19 

5.33 

6.65 

7.22 

7.42 

8.12 

9.66 

11.34 

13.16 

15.12 

17.22 

6 Inch Pipe. 

Vel. 

1.14 

1.42 

1.48 

1.71 

2.00 

2.28 

2.57 

2.80 

3.03 

3.06 

3.40 

3.98 

4.54 

5.12 

5.49 

5.55 

5.60 

6.16 

6.72 

7.28 

7.84 

8.50 

9.08 

9.58 

10.30 

10.72 

11.32 

11.90 

12.50 

12.95 

1352 

H.10 

Vel— V( locity ft. per seco id. Fric —Frictio n head in feet. 

Size of Elbow, ln.hes 

Friction Equivalent Feet Straight Pipe. . 

1/2 

5 

lip. 

TABLE No. 2 

is the total head in feet including loss of head due to 

friction in pipe, and E is the efficiency of the pump, 

expressed as a decimal. This formula is satisfactory 

for all practical purposes, where water is the liquid 

pumped. 

The foregoing data and tables are based on information 

compiled by the Goulds Manufacturing Co., 

Seneca Falls, and published in its bulletin No. 112. 

This is another illustration of the valuable information 

contained in trade literature as published by the 

manufacturer and which can be had for the asking. 

Loss of head in feet due to friction per 100 feet of new ordinary cast iron pipe 

Fric. 

0.14 

0.25 

0.28 

0.32 

0.48 

0.62 

0.74 

0.92 

1.13 

1.15 

1.29 

1.69 

2.21 

2.74 

3.12 

3.21 

3.26 

3.93 

4.70 

5.50 

6.38 

7.00 

7.90 

8.75 

10.11 

10.71 

12.04 

13.30 

14.31 

15.34 

16.69 

18.20 

3/4 

6 

8 Inch Pipe. 

Vel. 

1.60 

1.70 

1.73 

1.90 

2.20 

2.60 

2.92 

3.07 

3.10 

3.20 

3.52 

3.84 

4.16 

4.46 

4.80 

5.12 

5.48 

5.75 

6.06 

6.40 

6.70 

7.03 

7.35 

7.67 

8.00 

T.60 

12.70 

1 

6 

Fric. 

0.22 

0.25 

0.27 

0.36 

0.41 

0.56 

0.64 

0.77 

0.79 

0.81 

0.98 

1.16 

1.34 

1.54 

1.74 

1.97 

2.28 

2.16 

2.87 

3.02 

3.21 

3.51 

3.84 

4.26 

4.45 

6.27 

10.71 

10 Inch 

Vel. 

1.80 

1.92 

1.94 

2.04 

2.25 

2.46 

2.66 

2.86 

3.06 

3.28 

3.48 

3.68 

3.88 

4.08 

4.29 

4.50 

4.71 

4.91 

5.11 

6.10 

8.10 

10.10 

12.10 

14.10 

Pipe. 

Fric. 

0.21 

0.24 

0.25 

0.28 

0.33 

0.39 

0.46 

0.52 

0.59 

0.67 

0.75 

0.83 

0.91 

1.01 

1.09 

1.20 

1.34 

1.46 

1.51 

2.09 

3.50 

5.33 

7.42 

10.08 

12 Inch Pipe. 

Vel. 

1.42 

1.57 

1.71 

1.85 

2.00 

2.13 

2.27 

2.41 

•2.56 

2.70 

2.84 

2.98 

3.13 

3.27 

3.41 

3.55 

4.20 

5.60 

7.00 

8.40 

9.80 

11.35 

11.93 

12.78 

14.20 

Fric. 

0.11 

0.14 

0.15 

0.19 

0.22 

0.24 

0.27 

0.31 

0.34 

0.35 

0.41 

0.48 

0.49 

0.53 

0.57 

0.62 

0.85 

1.43 

2.18 

3.39 

3.92 

5.32 

6.30 

6.75 

S.15 

FRICTION OF WATER IN 90 DEG. ELBOWS 

Equivalent Number of Feet Straight Pipe 

1 1/4 1 1/2 

Having determined the horse power required, the 

cost of operating the pump per hour can be obtained 

by multiplying this figure by the cost per horse-powerhour 

of operating the engine or motor used to drive 

the pump. 

Another formula commonly used in practice for determining 

the power required for pumping water is : 

G. P. M. X H 

H. P. = 

3,960 X E 

Where G. P. M. is the gallons of water per minute, H 

8 

S 

2 

8 

2 1/2 

11 

3 

15 

4 

If. 

5 

14 Inch Pipe. 

Vel. 

1.37 

1.47 

1.58 

i.e* 

1.79 

1.89 

2.00 

2.10 

2.20 

2.31 

2.42 

2.52 

2.63 

3.15 

4.20 

5.25 

6.30 

7.35 

8.40 

8.82 

9.45 

10.50 

11.55 

12.60 

13.65 

14.70 

18 

6 

IS 

Fric. 

.09 

.10 

.11 

.13 

.14 

.16 

.16 

.19 

.22 

.23 

.25 

.26 

.29 

.39 

.66 

1.01 

1.57 

1.82 

2.47 

2.92 

3.13 

3.78 

4.50 

5.40 

6.14 

6.65 

8 

24 

15 Inch Pipe. 

Vel. 

1.73 

1.82 

1.91 

2.00 

2.09 

2.18 

2.28 

2.73 

3.64 

4.55 

5.46 

6.37 

7.28 

7.64 

8.19 

9.10 

10 01 

10.92 

11.83 

12.74 

13.10 

13.65 

Fric. 

.12 

.14 

.16 

.16 

.17 

.19 

.20 

.28 

.47 

72 

1.12 

1.29 

1.76 

2.08 

2.23 

2.69 

3.16 

3.79 

4.30 

4.66 

4.95 

5.60 

16 Inch Pipe. 

Vel. 

1.99 

2.39 

3.19 

3.99 

4.79 

5.59 

6.38 

6.72 

7.20 

7.96 

8.78 

9.56 

10.36 

11.12 

11.50 

11.95 

Fric. 

0.15 

0.24 

0.39 

0.56 

0.80 

1.04 

1.34 

1.45 

1.65 

2.02 

2.39 

2.84 

3.32 

3.68 

3.96 

4.28 

Large Plumbing Contract 

10 

30 

12 

40 

14 

54 

15 

55 

20 Inch Pipe 

Vel. 

3.08 

3.59 

4.10 

4.32 

4.62 

5.13 

5.64 

6.15 

6.66 

7.18 

7.38 

7.66 

8.17 

8.68 

9.20 

9.70 

1040 

16 

55 

Fric. 

1 

0.27 

0.35 

0.45 

0.50 

0.56 

0.68 

0.82 

0.96 

101 

1.28 

1.35 

1.45 

1.63 

1.83 

2.04 

2.23 

2.53 

Thomas Haldane, a progressive plumber of Yonkers, 

N. Y., has landed a contract of beating the 

residence of Dr. Osterheld, in that city. An American 

Type "A" boiler is to be used, in connection 

with a Warren Webster vapor vacuum system of 

heating, and the plumbing fixtures are to be supplied 

by the Pierce, Butler & "Pierce Manufacturing 

Corporation. This is one of the largest jobs eiven 

out in this section in some time. 

20 

70


Scale-Free Pipe—What It Is—How It Is Made 

A Detailed Description of the Manufacture of the Scale-Free 

Pipe in the Mills of the National Tube Co. at Pittsburgh, Showing 

the Travel of the Pipe from Steel to Finished Product 

As the name implies, scale-free pipe is pipe that 

has been freed of mill scales, thus leaving an even, 

smooth surface insicle and outside. 

Skelp is iron or steel strips rolled to a uniform 

thickness and width and used in the manufacture of 

pipe. Two methoc+s are employed in welding the edges 

of skelp rolled into the shape of pipe—lap-welding, 

r 

595 

the edges of the pipe. When the skelp is drawn 

through the welding bell, Fig. 1, the molten flux is 

entirely pushed aside as the clean metal of the edges 

of the pipe are brought together under great pressure. 

This results in a sould weld. 

The molten flux i.s partly scraped off the outer surface 

of the pipe by the welding bell, but the interior of 

P'lG. 1 THE BELL SHAPED DIE THROUGH WHICH THE SKELP IS DRAWN AND WELDED INTO PIPE 

used in larger sizes, in which, as the name implies, the 

edges are lapped in making the weld, butt-welding, 

used on smaller sizes, as implied, the edges heing butted 

together and welded. 

A certain natural flux is essential to the proper 

welding of pipe as the edges must be free of foreign 

matter to a'low full and immediate contact of clean 

metal. A flux of this nature forms on the skelp in 

the welding furnace and in a molten condition covers 

the pipe, not coming in contact with the bell, remains 

irregularly covered, rather thickly in spots. This flux 

soon hardens and forms "mill scale." The desirability 

of removing this "mill scale" or "welding scale" has 

resulted in the use of a special treatment by rolling 

when making "national" butt-weld pipe, sizes 1/fj to 3 in. 

When the skelp has reached the proper temperature 

for welding, it is drawn through the customary type 

of welding beil, as in Fig. 1, forming an unfinished 

FIG. 2—WELDING FURNACE, DRAWING "NATIONAL" RCTT-WKLD PIPE


tube. This tube then passes through a set of rolls ceives in passing through the series of rolls cracks the 

where it is reduced slightly in size and elongated. In hardening welding-scale from interior and exterior 

FIG. 3—AFTER COMING FROM THE SCALING ROLLS, THE PIPE PASSES ACROSS A COOLING TABLE WHERE IT 

SLOWLY COOLS AND STRAIGHTENS 

this operation, the welding scale which has formed is 

partially loosened by the working of the rolls, but 

further treatment is necessary for the desired result. 

From the sizing rolls the pipe is conveyed to a 

cooling table across which it travels to the scaling rolls. 

Fig. 3. 

It is the nature of the welding-scale to harden somewhat 

more quickly than the pipe metal, and while the 

pipe is still soft and hot and the scale is in a hardened 

and brittle condition, it is given a pass through a 

series of rolls of special design. These rolls reduce 

the size of the pipe somewhat, crush the pipe down 

slightly and roll the pipe to its correct finished size. 

The reduction of the size of the pipe which it re 

surfaces of the pipe, leaving them clean and smooth. 

From these scaling rolls, the pipe moves to another 

cooling table where it is kept slowly rolling as it 

travels across, straightening somewhat as it" cools. 

After a pass through a set of cross rolls, to take care 

of any straightening that may remain to be done and 

to give the exterior a smooth, clean finish, the pipe is 

taken to a tank of water where it is dipped, lifted to a 

slanting position, and the water allowed to rush out, 

carrying with it the loose scale from the pipe, Fig. 4. 

Certain sizes have the loose scale blown out by a blast 

of compressed air instead of being dipped in tbe water, 

Fig. 5. The pipe is trimmed, threaded and tested in 

the usual manner of butt-weld pipe. 

FIG. -WASHING "NATIONAL" WELDING SCALE-FREE PIPE IN CLEAR WATER TO REMOVE LOOSE SCALE


FIG. 5—BLOWING LOOSE SCALE' FROM "NATIONAL" WELDING SCAI.E-FKEE PIPE WITH COMPRESSED AIK 

Care of Pipe-Threading Tools 

Sharp, Well Kept Tools Mean Efficient Work and Good Results—Dull 

and Worn Out Tools Mean Leaks and Trouble—Care of Tools Pays a 

Big Profit on the Time Required—Lubrication an Important Item 

BY C. H. BALL 

Editor's Note: Mr. Ball is the die expert of thc 

Greenfield Tap & Die Corporation. Therefore, we arc 

pleased to publish for the benefit of our readers, his expert 

advice on maintenance of threading tools. Profit 

and prestige will accrue from its application. 

Owing to the change in the manufacture of iron pipe 

in the past few years, the care necessary to make the 

tools cut easy and leave perfect threads has very greatly 

increased. To-day the iron used contains more or less 

sand or slag which is rolled into the sheet or drawn into 

the tube, and it also contains hard spots which tend to 

dull the edge of the cutting tooth. The use of steel instead 

of iron in the manufacture of pipe is another reason 

for careful watching of the threading tools. ' 

In order that the tools should do the work required of 

them, they should be made in a manner to assure easy 

cutting. The lands should be relieved in the thread as 

the thread is cut on a taper and necessarily there must 

be a large amount of friction. Only by relieving the 

cutters in the thread can excessive friction be avoided. 

When a pipe tap begins to cut hard and tear the 

thread, it is evidence that it is dull and needs grinding. 

This can be done by tbe use of an emery wheel of the 

proper thickness and form of face and grinding the tap 

in the flute until the cutting edge shows a perfect form, 

care should be exercised not to heat the points of the 

teeth enough to soften them. 

In the case of 2 1 form cut on each land. When the blades have been 

ground back so they are no longer safe to use they can be 

replaced by new blades as the center is'so made that the 

sets of blades will register and cut perfect threads. 

After grinding all pipe taps should be re-chamfered 

so they will start to cut uniformly. 

To keep an ordinary pipe die in good shape is more 

difficult owing to its form, but not a particle less necessary 

as a dull or damaged die will tear the threads on the 

pipe and cause leaks. "The proper way to sharpen a die 

is to use a small emery wheel or emery stick running at 

high speed and touch up the cutting edge and chamfer 

of the die. A die with removable lands can be ground 

bv taking the lands out of the head, grinding the cutting 

edge and chamfer and replacing them, as all up-to-date 

plumbers and pipe fitters use a receding pipe threader 

for all pipe 2 in. and larger. The chasers can be easily 

ground and kept in good shape thereby insuring good 

threads. 

The frequency with which taps and dies require regrinding, 

and hence their length of life, is largely dependent 

on the use of a suitable cutting compound. A 

good grade of lard oil is recommended as giving the most 

satisfactory results. Never use mineral oil as a cutti 

compound. Rather than mineral oil, use water or 

cut with a dry tool. 

The usual precautions observed by any good mechanic 

in the use and care of his tools apply with equal force 

to taps and dies. Do not throw them around. You will 

, in. and larger taps having inserted 

lands, the lands can be taken out and all ground to a uniform 

thickness and replaced. This will assure a uni 

injure the cutting edges. Clean and oil them before 

you put them away to avoid rust. Keep the flutes clear 

of chips. Your care will be rewarded by longer life of 

the tools and greater satisfaction in their performance.


Heating Guidance for Residence Work 

Simple Calculations That May Be Used on Small Work 

With Certainty of Pleasing Customer by Results 

BY CHARLES L. HUBBARD 

IN SIX PARTS—PART IV 

In previous articles relating to the matter of heating 

any discussion of theory purposely has been avoided 

as this is hardly necessary, to any extent, in the simple 

systems of steam heating thus far described, and would 

only serve to confuse the beginner. 

After becoming familiar with the method of laying 

out and installing systems of this kind, there is more 

EXPANSION 

TANK 

water in "B" falling to the bottom of the tube. The 

heated water flows from "A" through the connecting 

tube at the top into "B" where it takes the place of the 

cooler water which is settling to the bottom. 

The method of changing this piece of experimental 

apparatus to practical form is shown in Fig. 2, where 

the heater or boiler takes the place of the lamp, the 

columns "A" and "B" are represented by the supply 

and return risers, while a radiator is inserted in the 

connection between them at the top. The funnel is replaced 

by an "expansion tank;" because the water, when 

heated, expands and must have an outlet, else a violent 

RADIATOR 

explosion would take place. 

It would not do to expel this surplus water through a 

relief \alve into the sewer or drain, because when the 

temperature again falls, the water contracts and the 

upper pipes would become partly empty and circulation 

would stop. Hence, in practice, an expansion tank, open 

to the atmosphere, is located at some point well above 

the highest radiator and connected with the system of 

piping in such a manner that it takes the overflow when 

the water expands and returns it back into the system 

automatically when the temperature falls and the water 

contracts. 

These diagrams and this brief explanation, bring out 

certain important points wdiich should always be kept 

in mind when installing a system of hot-water heating. 

First—the force producing the circulation is due to the 

difference in weight of the columns of water in the 

tubes "A" and "B," or in the supply and return risers in 

a heating system. Second, this difference in weight is 

FIG. 1—DIAGRAM SHOWING FIG. 2—PRINCIPLES OF CIR- in proportion to the difference in temperature, because 

PRINCIPLES OF HOT WATER CULATION AS EMBODIED IN the hotter the water becomes the more it expands and 

CIRCULATLON PRACTICE 

the less it weighs for a given volume. Third, the higher 

the columns, with a given temperature difference, the 

interest in knowing why certain things are done in defi 

greater the difference in weight. 

nite ways and a reader is also in a much better position 

For example, if the difference in weight of two colto 

understand and appreciate the underlying principles. 

In taking up hot-water heating it seems best to depart 

from this rule for a moment and explain why the water 3 

circulates through the pipes and radiators, as this has 

an important bearing upon the way the piping is laid 

out, and a little theoretical knowledge at this point may 

save a good deal of trouble for the fitter who is not perfectly 

familiar with this kind of work. 

The theory of water circulation can best be explained 

by use of the old illustration which appears in all textbooks, 

and so it is used once more in a good cause. 

Let Fig. 1 represent a glass tube, bent to the form 

shown, and provided with a funnel at the upper left 

hand corner. This is nearly filled with water, as indicated 

by the shaded portion, and the flame of a spirit 

lamp held against the tube at the point "A." Before applying 

the flame there was no movement of the water in 

the tube because the two columns in the legs "A" and 

"B" were of the same temperature and weight. With 

the flame at "A," small bubbles of steam will form and 

soon show the water to be in motion as indicated by 

the arrows. The reason for this is that as the water in 

"A" is heated it expands and becomes lighter for a 

given volume, and is forced upward by the heavier 

r TiTiT\Ti 

fiffifntaiiM 

FIG. 3—A TYPICAL HOT 

WATER RADIATOR 

FIG. . A SECTIONAL VIEW 

SHOWING COURSE OF CIR 

CULATION 

umns 1 ft. high was 1 oz., then the total difference in 

weight for columns 10 ft. high would be 10 oz., and force 

for producing circulation would be ten times as great. 

This is why radiators on upper floors have a stronger


circulation and tend to heat more quickly, making it 

necessary to so arrange the piping that upper floor radiators 

will not pull all the hot water away from those 

on the first floor and cause a sluggish circulation through 

them, or perhaps stop it entirely. 

Another point which must always be considered in 

hot-water heating is the friction of the water in the 

pipes. The force producing flow under ordinary work- 

AAA- D 

A trombone or return bend coil is shown in Fig. 5 

connected for hot-water circulation. In this particular 

case the coil is supplied from a riser on the downward 

feed system, although an upward feed would answer as 

well provided the supply connection was at the top so 

as to form a continuous passage downward as indicated 

by the arrows. 

In Fig. 6 a coil is made up with branch headers and 

FIG. 5—A TROMBONE COIL FIG. 6 A HEADER COIL FIG. 7—A HEADER COIL CONNECTED 

ing conditions is very slight and too many bends or 

abrupt turns will interfere with this if the size of pipe 

is not made sufficiently large to offset it. 

FORMS OF HOT-WATER RADIATION 

The method of computing the size of hot-water radiators 

has already been taken up in a previous article, 

but nothing has yet been said regarding the difference 

in form as compared with steam. Any hot-water'radiator 

may be used for steam, but very few steam radiators 

can be used for hot water. Flot-water radiators require 

a continuous passage through them from supply inlet to 

return outlet and also special arrangements for the removal 

of air. 

The ordinary cast-iron sectional radiator designed for 

water, as shown in Fig. 3, varies from the steam radiator 

simply in having the sections connected at the top as 

well as at the bottom. This construction is shown in diagram 

in Fig. 4 and is necessary for two reasons: First, 

it allows the air which gathers at the top of aach loop 

to pass along to the end of the radiator where it is removed 

by the air valve, otherwise it would be necessary 

to vent each section. In addition to this, it allows 

greater freedom of circulation through the radiator by 

providing a continuous passage along the top. 

The path of the water depends somewhat upon the 

method of making the supply and return connections, 

when both are at the bottom, at opposite ends, as shown 

in the cut, the entering water rises through the first two 

or three sections, then flows along the top through the 

connecting nipples and has a downward movement 

through the remaining sections toward the return outlet. 

Actually there is a certain amount of circulation directly 

through the base of the radiators, as indicated by the 

arrows, which interferes somewhat with the efficiency of 

the radiator. This may be avoided in two ways, either 

by making the supply connection at the top, as shown 

later, or by inserting a diaphragm between the first and 

second sections which causes the first section to form a 

continuation of the flow pipe for delivering its supply at 

the top of the radiator. With this arrangement there is 

a uniform downward movement through the remaining 

sections. 

Wall radiators of various forms are well adapted to 

hot-water heating when properly connected to give a 

downward circulation through them. Diagrams giving 

this information are usually given in the catalogues and 

should be carefully studied before erecting any work of 

this kind. Coils for hot-water heating should be made 

up especially for this kind of work as shown in the accompanying 

diagrams. 

fed from below. This also illustrates the location of the 

air valve, which should be so placed as to vent the highest 

point of the coil or radiator, at which the air collects. 

This coil would work equally well if the supply 

were brought into the top of the header at the point now 

occupied by the air valve, in which case the coil would 

be vented through the supply pipe at some point higher 

up. 

Details of air venting will be taken up more carefully 

in a following article relating to hot-water piping systems. 

In Fig. 7 a similar type of coil is used—but on the 

downward system with the return connecting into the 

same pipe lower down. This plan avoids the use of 

separate return drops and is often found in two or 

three-story buildings. It should not be used in higher 

buildings unless the radiation is increased on the lower 

floors because the return water from the various coils 

Hf 

VIEW SHOWING SOME OF THE CONNECTIONS USED 

Fig. g—A first floor connection; Fig. 9—A connection for radiators 

on different floors; Fig. 10—A connection for an 

upper floor radiator; Fig. 11—A down feed connection 

tends to cool that in the supply and so make each successive 

coil or radiator below less effective due to its 

lower temperature. For buildings two or three stories 

in height this effect may usually be negletced, provided 

the supply drops are made of ample size. 

Various radiator connections are shown in Fig. 8 to 

11. The first of these is typical of first floor radiators 

connected with basement piping. The supply is taken 

from the top of the main and the return brought into the 

side, as a safeguard against a reversal of flow or shortcircuiting 

when first warming up and while circulation 

is weak.

600 P L U M B E R A N D STEAM FITTER December 31, 1920 

In Fig. 9 is shown the proper arrangement when radiators 

of different floors are connected with the same 

pair of risers. In this case the flow to the lower radiator 

is strengthened by taking the supply from the top of an 

offset in the riser, while the pipe leading to the upper 

floor is taken from the side. The method of making the 

connections with the upper radiator in this combination 

is shown in Fig. 10. 

An especially good arrangement for dwelling houses, 

where most of the radiation is on two floors, is shown in 

Fig. 11, and is practically the same in principle as that 

already described in connection with Fig. 7. If it were 

not for the by-pass formed by the supply drop between 

the inlet and outlet connections with the radiator, or in 

other words, if all of the water passed through the radiator 

before reaching the floor below, there would be 

a decided cooling effect which would make it necessary 

to increase the radiating surface on the lower floor. As 

a matter of fact, only a portion of the water is by-passed 

CONNECTION 

FROM 

SVSTEM 

= __ 

FIG. 12—AN EXPANSION TANK AND ITS CONNECTIONS 

through the radiator, and by making the supply drop 

large for its work, the actual cooling effect is proportionately 

reduced. 

VALVES 

Angle valves, of the "globe" type, similar to those 

employed for steam, may be used at the radiators, but 

all valves in the mains and branches should be of the 

"gate" pattern to give a free passage and reduce friction 

to a minimum. Quick-opening valves are now used 

quite extensively on hot-water radiators, there being a 

number of desirable patterns upon the market. In 

dwelling houses it is customary to place a valve at the 

supply end of the radiator only, as that is sufficient to 

stop the circulation of water through the radiator. 

Sometimes, in large buildings, each riser is separately 

valved at top and bottom and provided with a draw-off 

pipe and valve, so that in case of leaks, the riser to which 

the faulty radiator is connected, can be shut off and the 

radiator drained before making repairs. 

FITTINGS 

All fittings in the mains, if they are of any considerable 

length, should be of the long-turn pattern to reduce 

friction. If these fittings are not available, regular 

short-pattern fittings, one size larger, bushed down, may 

be used. Connections between radiators and risers may 

be made with the regular short pattern fittings, as the 

long pattern is not well adapted to the close connections 

necessary for this work. 

EXPANSION TANK 

The matter of expansion and the necessity of an expansion 

tank have already been mentioned. A typical 

tank of horizontal pattern, together with its connections, 

is shown in Fig. 12. When there is plenty of head room 

a vertical tank is commonly used, although there is no 

particular choice between the two forms and either may 

be used as most convenient. 

In locating the expansion tank, great care must be 

taken to guard against freezing. When possible, the 

tank should be placed in a room where the temperature 

never falls dangerously low, as in a bath room or the 

upper part of a warm closet at an elevation at least 3 

or 4 ft. above the highest radiator. When for any reason 

this is not possible or convenient, and it must be 

located in a cold attic, it should be placed against the 

main chimney flue and covered in with a wooden boxing 

lined with hair, felt or some similar insulating material. 

An added precaution in cases of this kind is to connect 

a circulating pipe with the tank, bringing it down to the 

return from a near-by radiator, thus setting up a circulation 

through the tank the same as in a radiator. 

There are various rules for finding the size of tank, 

one being to allow 1 gallon capacity for each 14 sq. in. of 

grate surface in the boiler. 


Accurate Plumbing and Heating Estimates 

—How Made 


the cellar. The line is therefore continued to the 

bend, where it is apparent a clean-out is necessary, so 

a Y is indicated, thence on an angle of 45 deg. to a 

second clean-out fitting, Y indicated. 

Now experience and a little thought indicates that 

at this point the pipe has to be taken up over ledge 

of cellar wall, and back to its position at the rear 

of the building, thence up to the attic, offset to get 

away from eave line and through the roof. The 

line of sketch is continued 45 deg. up, across, up, 

offset and thence up and through roof, a tee being 

indicated to receive sink waste, and an increaser in 

attic immediately under roof. 

By referring to plans it will be seen that a short 

piece of 4-in. and a lead bend will reach the closet, 

and as no fixtures are above the closet, no vent is 

necessary. Therefore the sketch shows a line across 

and up for this fixture. 

From the 4 x 2-in. Y in vertical stock, the bath 

waste will rise on a 45 deg. angle, thence on a slight 

grade under bath room floor to a 2 x lj^-in. Y for 

the basin branch, thence to a 2 x \y2-'m. Y for bath 

trap, the trap being connected in end of Y, the vent 

from branch continuing to front wall, thence up, and 

as it is buried in the front wall, it will have to be 

offset at the top to get outside of the stud line before 

starting across attic floor for connection to main vent 

stack. 

In order that the connection with the vent stack 

can be made easily, it is better to figure a swing 

joint at that point, so that enough fittings will be 

included in estimate to do the job. Then the vent 

would continue across attic floor to elbow near 

vent stack up, to 45-deg. ell, up on 45-deg. angle to 

elbow, across and into the stack, the outline as shown 

including all these fittings. 

The basin waste, as shown in outline, continues to 

front wall, up and out to tee left in bath waste to 

receive it. As this line connects both ends into set 

fittings, it will need a union coupling, so a right and 

left coupling is indicated on sketch, which completes 

it and makes possible a check in taking off quantities 

(To be continued)





Removing Snow from Greenhouse Roofs 

From J. E., Ohio.—Will you kindly send me word 

if you have any knowledge of a system whereby snow 

can be removed from greenhouse roofs? I have a 

customer who wants some sort of an arrangement on 

the roof of his greenhouse so that he won't have to use 

scrapers to get the snow off in the winter. As I have 

never seen any system advertised, or any method of 

doing this, I should be very pleased to learn if you 

know of any system that is used in this work. Have 

you ever seen any steam piping put on the roof so that 

the snow could be melted off? My customer says he 

has, but he does not know just how they were placed 

or how the connections were made. I trust you will 

get some information to me at an early date. 

Trouble with Water Backs in Ranges 

From J. C. H., N. J.—There is no question in my 

mind but "F. R. T.," who stated in November 19 issue 

that he was having trouble with waterbacks, has a 

leaky pressure reducing valve. The first thing to do 

with this is to get busy and put a new set of washers 

on it, and see if the seat of the valve is worn out. 

That is, see if there are any cuts in the seat. If 

there are, they should be ground down so that the 

new washers will close off tightly and the valve will 

work right. The next thing to do is to_see if there 

is any dirt in the water coming in from city main. If 

so, he should put on a strainer fine enough and big 

enough to allow a free flow of water and at the same 

time take out all of the fine sand before it gets to the 

pressure reducer. Pressure reducers work all right 

when they have decent treatment, and they are not 

made to strain sand out of water, or to work in water 

which is full or grit and dirt. There are some good 

pressure relief valves on the market, and I would 

suggest that he put on two or three of them so that 

if one does not work, the other will. That will give 

him two or three chances to one that he will get 

some action if the pressure reducer does leak again. 

It is easy to find out whether or not the pressure 

reducer is leaking by simply hooking on the high 

pressure gauge so that will lay flat, and then putting 

a little block of wood on the face of the gauge so 

that the hand will shove it around. As the pressure 

goes up, it will shove that piece of wood around on 

the face, and leave it at the point where the pressure 

reaches the high point. That will give him the right 

dope whether the pressure reducer is leaking or not. 

But in the meantime the waterback may break, so 

that the safest thing to do is to get at the pressure 

reducer and fix it so that it cannot leak; also to take 

away as many of the chances of grit getting in as 

possible. Therefore, if he will follow this dope, he 

won't have any more trouble. 

Cracked Boiler Sections 

From F. C. Maine—For the information of "B. T. 

M. C," December 17 issue, who wants to know what 

made the hot water heater crack, it seems to me that 

it is a sure case of expansion and contraction and that 

the heater was put up with some strain on it. Probably 

the owner had a good hot fire in it, so hot that 

it put the strain up to a point where the iron would 

not stand it. When that section sprung out, it put its 

weight against the front section so that when he 

attempted to take the front nipple out, it pushed off 

the end of the top header. You can not always tell 

how much strain there is on a boiler of that kind, and 

my experience is that this strain can be taken up by a 

clamp so that it would hold the boiler together until 

such time as the nipples were removed. In that way 

the strain would be taken away from the headers when 

the nipples are unscrewed. In that way he can get 

them down all right. Even at that, sometimes the 

header might crack because it was weak, and it does 

not seem that it is any fault of the steam fitter if this 

should happen. 


How has one heating and plumbing contractor 

used his show window to profitable advantage? 

557 

Of what value are' air columns on pipes in pumping 

systems? 559 

How was power assisted by air used to overcome 

the troubles in the pumping system and how did 

it affect cost? 559 

What changes in plumbing regulations are needed, 

acording to the special plumbing board of the 

Massachusetts Board of Health? 560 

How are the four divisions of plumbing control in 

Massachusetts taken care of? 561 

What laws regulating plumbing are suggested for 

adoption ? 562 

Why should the plumber push the sale of washing 

machines? 563 

What special educational features are promised 

for the Highway Transportation Show? 564 

Why is a good chimney essential in a successful 

hot water heating system? 565 

What are indications of imperfect combustion? 

566


EDITORIAL COMMENT 

Water Heaters 

The plumbing contractor can well do some active 

work in selling and installing water heaters. 

The article in this issue entitled 4—1=3 points 

out some reasons for such work. It means greater 

prosperity for the industry at large, and this applies 

with equal force to all members of the industry, if 

the various sources of producing a profit are de 

veloped. With both gas and kerosene heaters avail 

able wherever hot water is needed in moderate 

quantities, the field offers opportunities for develop 

ment. Later articles will take up more in detail 

the successful development of this field. 

Estimating 

The first of a series of articles on estimating ap 

pears in this issue. This series takes up methods 

in detail, the preliminary steps being shown at 

length in order that all may have a complete grasp 

of the methods as it gets more advanced. Care 

and systematic work are prerequisite to good esti 

mating. This series brings out some other things 

that are equally important. 

Time 

The multitude of facts advanced to substantiate 

the general belief that an era of unprecedented prosperity 

is about to open up, leaves little room for 

doubt. Confidence and optimism over the outlook 

is justified. There is no question but that the million 

and more homes we now lack will be supplied, 

the large volumes of repair and replacement work 

will be done, factories, apartment houses and office 

buildings will hejjuilt and equipped. For this work 

preparation is necessary. Of first importance is 

proper business organization and methods. 

Close application to Trade Extension institutions 

will go a long way toward producing the necessary 

methods and systems. It can not be accomplished 

in a minute. It will take time. Of prime importance 

is equipment; it takes time to provide this 

or to put it in repair. Stock must be kept active; to 

do it takes well planned effort and time. Finances 

need to be put in condition to carry thc increased 

business. That too, vvill take time. Time will be 

the one item that goes into all of it. It is going 

to take time to manufacture, time to deliver, time to 

plan, time to install and time to finance. That 

means that time will be at a premium. There will 

be a shortage of time. Therefore it is now that 

active work should be done to put the proper 

methods and systems in the business. It is now 

that equipment should be brought up to the high 

standard which will be needed. Now that stock 

should be overhauled, accounts should be collected 

and things put in shipshape for the work which 

must be done. 

The Peace and Good Will Season 

Every man on earth who is conducting a business 

was more at peace with his customers and his creditors 

and enjoyed the Christmas holidays better if he had 

followed the oft given suggestion of getting his books 

up to the minute and his bills collected, so that he 

can open a new year by settling with everybody and 

taking the discount from the bills which all are willing 

to give. It is an old saying that the stove bakes 

better, the heater warms the house more effectively 

and there are no leaks in a roof that are paid for. 

The same thing holds good in reference to the plumb 

ing work that in these days is necessary for the enjoy 

ment of the home. Then why delay in this important 

work. Why deny customers who want to settle their 

bills the privilege of being square with the world on 

New Years Day? If you have not conformed to the 

suggestions on this matter in the past, a new year is 

about to open and you should plan to so conduct your 

business next year that you will be in a position to 

enjoy the peace of mind which attends ability to settle 

all bills and vvill entertain that good will to your 

fellowmen which is inspired by the fact that very 

few people owe you, most of your accounts are settled 

and the open accounts are with responsible people. 

In extending the greetings of the season it is our 

pleasure to state that our new enterprise is going forward 

in a way that is encouraging and largely due to 

the fact that earnest endeavor is being made to follow 

the course recommended to others. It is our intention 

in extending greetings to express our hearty appreciation 

of the good will that has been shown our publications 

which naturally contributes the peace which 

makes for the happiness of our Christmas season. 

May all our readers find in this Christmas, at the end 

of several remarkable years, one of the most enjoyable 

in their experience.


Sanitary Engineering Co. of Kohler the fire pot. One pocket is larger than the others, 

and hinged so that it can be opened for cleaning the 

The newest corporation in the Village of Kohler is 

the Sanitary Engineering Co., which will engage in fire. 

the plumbing and heating business and will also have 

As will be seen by the illustration, the water leg is 

the Sheboygan County agency for Kohler automatic 

hollow; therefore, the water returning from the 

power and light. 

radiators is heated in the water leg before passing 

The officers of the new company are: President, E. 

through the circulation pipes into shell. The shell 

is provided with tubes placed as close together as 

Albrecht; vice-president, A. P. Trieck and secretary 

proper construction will permit, thus subdividing the 

and treasurer, J. C. Madson. The company has an 

water space and enabling the heat to act most effec 

office for the present with the Kohler Improvement 

tively. 

Co., but will later on have more commodious quarters. 

The outside casing is formed by a galvanized iron 

The Sanitary Engineering Co. is equipped to do the 

and asbestos lined jacket, with the smoke outlet at 

highest class of work in the respective lines in which 

the bottom, baffle plate being placed on top of the 

it is engaged. It will maintain an organization of com 

shell above smoke pipe opening extending half way 

petent men and will use materials of the highest 

round the shell. Thus the heated gases must pass 

quality. The company is at present engaged in mak 

through the tubes in the shell, are deflected by the 

ing installations in the houses that are being erected 

baffle plate, and then pass down around the shell to 

by tbe Kohler Improvement Co. 

the smoke pipe. 

An aggressive campaign for the sale of Kohler 

Complete descriptive information in regard to this 

Automatic in Sheboygan County is being put on, and 

boiler can be had by addressing the Gorton & Lidger 

will result in the eventual development of a very imwood 

Co., 96 Liberty street, New York City. 

portant and worth-while business. 

Humphrey Conipany to Hold Sales Meeting 

Self-Feeding Boiler 

On January 4, 5 and 6, the Humphrey Co., Kala 

The Gorton side feed boiler consists of three parts— mazoo, Michigan, manufacturers of water heaters, will 

base with grate, water leg, and tubular boiler shell. 

hold a salesmen's meeting for the explanation of de 

The grate is of the rocking and dumping type, rocktails and demonstration of handling its products. 

ing of the bars being accomplished by an upright Lectures will be given on co-operation and sales problems 

by Frank Stockdale and William B. Henri of 

Chicago. On the afternoon of January 6, a talk is 

scheduled by W. J. Woolley, manager of Trade Extension 

Bureau. 

GORTON SIDE FEEDING BOILER 

lever at the front. The water leg sets on the base and 

supports the tubular boiler shell. The coal pockets 

are bolted at the openings in the top band, and are 

spaced so that the coal is equally distributed around 

Heating Engineers' Research Meeting 

in Pittsburgh 

603 

Dean L. A. Scipio has been engaged as acting dir 

tor in charge of the Research Bureau in the Bureau 

(A Mines Laboratory at Pittsburgh, Ta., to take charge 

of the work conducted by the American Society of 

Heating and Ventilating Engineers in connection with 

the Bureau of Standards of the United States Government, 

for the fiscal year ending July 1. 

This was one of the important things done at a 

meeting of the Research Committee and officers in 

Pittsburgh on December 10, with Chairman F. R. Still 

presiding and T. I. Lyle, S. E. Dibble, W. H. Driscoll, 

J. R. McColl. H. E. Lewis. Champlain L. Riley, G. E. 

Bennit, Perry West, A. C. Edgar, L. A. Scipio and 

C. W. Armspaugh present. 

The most important matter taken up was the report 

of Dean Scipio who had returned from making a visit 

to Harvard, Yale, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 

Xew York University, Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, 

and Johns Hopkins University, where research 

work is being done, under the direction of the Bureau 

as arranged by the late Professor Allen. Work of a 

similar nature is being done by the Pennsylvania State 

College, University of Minnesota, Syracuse University, 

Cornell'University, University of Illinois, all on special 

lines suggested by Professor Allen. 

This trip of Dean Scipio was looked upon as most 

important as putting him in touch with what was being 

done so that he might more intelligently work for the 

purpose for which the Bureau was established, also to 

formulate a course of procedure for other universities 

which are onlv too willing to set the large number of

604 

men who are now in the colleges at work on some real 

practical service corresponding with needs of the times. 

lhe committee also carefully investigated the 

methods of making a dust count being conducted by 

L. VV. Armspaugh at the laboratory to determine its 

bearing on sound ventilation as a part of the Bureau's 

work to establish a correct idea as to what ventilation 

means and what constitutes good ventilation. 

Professor Shepherd Speaks on Control of Air 

Conditions 

Professor John W. Shepherd, chairman of the Chicago 

Commission on Ventilation, and head of the 

science department of Chicago Normal College, was 

the speaker for the December meeting of the Kansas 

Lity Chapter, American Society of Heating and Venhlating 

Engineers, held at the Savoy Hotel, Friday 

December 3. After a short business session W N 

Mclntyre, chairman of the committee in charge of the 

meeting, took over the session and Professor Shepherd 

was introduced. 

He took as his main thought the fact that health 

is the greatest asset of America. He enumerated 

seven health factors that are controllable and commented 

on the necessity and the importance for the 

greater intelligence on these factors which will come 

trom present courses in the public schools. These 

factors are: food, nutrition, physical exercise or recreation, 

nervous condition, mental condition, workine 

conditions and housing. The condition of the air we 

live in enters into the last named factor. Air is impor 

tant to man in three ways: it furnishes the necessary 

oxygen; it is the medium through which the body 

loses its surplus heat; and the cleanness of air that is 

its freedom from disease producing bacteria 

In connection with the second division, both the 

temperature an.i the relative humidity determine the 

value of the air as a medium to reduce body heat and 

it is now thoroughly recognized that comfort conditions 

are determined by both these factors and not bv 

temperature alone. Professor Shepherd pointed out 

that bacteria do not fly through the air but ride 

through on dust particles and that the removal of dust 

particles is of prime importance in air conditioning 

.Society has two large organizations whose privilege 

and whose duty it is to improve air conditions—school 

boards and the health departments of the cities and 

the states. The former has to do with the children 

and the latter with persons of all ages. For these two 

organizations to accomplish any worthwhile results 

they must have the support of the public and this must 

come through education of the public to the needs of 

the situation. Professor Shepherd then told of some 

of the methods used and results secured in the work 

of the Chicago Commission. 

W D T. E - *£ F f ]l °rW k ' Arthur Stanley, T. H. Brady, W 

W. Rose, F. A. DeBoos were all called upon for remarks 

and commented on the points brought out by 

the speaker. General discussion brought out several 

other points connected with the design of heating and 

ventilating plants to secure desired results in handling 

air. 

Those present were: Henry Nottberg, F A Shep 

Whitten, son, Stackhouse, Dodds, pard, Parks, Dr. L. Chas. Benj. Sidney E. W. H. W. Ublig, Millis, Natkin, Bullock, Pines, W. J. Howe, J. C. F. R. B. Prof. E. W. White, Fehlig, L. Davis Hillman T. A. W. John J. of Stephenson R. Atchison Shepherd George G. Paine,'V. Pease P H R J Dick F M' H W H F' 


Kitchen, W. N. Mclntyre, R.W. Stookey of Ottawa 

F. A. DeBoos of Milwaukee, Wis., W. W. Rose, J. H 

Brady, G. F. Solter, R. L. Dunlap, H. E. Barth, F. A* 

Kitchen, E. K. Campbell, Prof. J. H. Markley, Walter 

C. Matscheck; and Arthur Stanley, R. B. Smith, W A 

Seymour and J. A. Woulf, all of Kansas City, Kan' 

Combination Feed Pump and Receiver 

This unit consists of a duplex feed pump mounted 

in combination with a cast-iron horizontal receiver 

tank on a common bed plate. The tank is mounted 

to one side and a little above the pump, allowing the 

water to flow to pump by gravity, enabling it to properly 

fill at every stroke and not become steam-bound. 

As the level of water falls or rises, it operates a copper 

float which is connected by proper level to a balanced 

steam throttle valve located in steam supply pipe to 

pump. With the accumulation of water in the tank 

the float is raised, thus opening the steam valve suffi- 

COMBINATION FEED PUMP AND RECEIVER 

ciently to start the pump and with the lowering of the 

water level, the float automatically cuts off the steam 

supply, stopping the pump. Thus, the water is returned 

automatically to the boiler as rapidly and at as 

high a temiierature as it returns to the receiver 

The tank is designed for not over 20 lb. pressure 

and if a greater pressure would be returned to the 

tank through the steam return, it is necessary to install 

a high pressure steam trap in the return line, piping 

the condensation from steam pipe to the tank 

further information can be had in regard to these 

pumps by addressing the Advance Pumping Machinery 

Co., Battle Creek, Mich 

Annual Convention of Kentucky Master 

Plumbers' Association 

At a meeting of the Executive Committee of the 

Kentucky Association of Master Plumbers, held in 

Louisville on December 9, plans were announced for 

M vO g t Ti a T al convention ^ Covington, Ky., on 

May J to 11 Arrangements have been made whereby 

SSIPJ Iumbers .„ ot that city, and also of Newport 

and Bellevue will co-operate in handling the local 

W ^'M .1^ m f k W nS the meetin £ a su «ess. 

as i'-f atkc and G - W - Ankerman were named 

of th? £. com , m f ee to , wr ' te to all master plumbers 

of the state and drive for new members along with 

an increased attendance at the state meeting 

Ben B. Watts, Louisville, was named to head a 

local committee, which he is to name, that will r,W 

operate with the State Board of Health, and also with 

the State Legislative Committee. This committee will


also look after local legislative matters, and handle the 

plumbers division of a fight that is being launched 

against a housing act of the last legislature, which is 

seriously interfering with small residence building on 

narrow lots. 

Among those attending the meeting were: B. J. Durham, 

Danville; G. W. Ankerman, Calhoun; J. J. 

Fitzgerald, Lexington; George Blame, Covington; 

George F. Fullner, Newport; Jacob Isaacs, George 

Schardein, W. H. Matlack, G. Phil Miller, J. J. 

Bosemer and T. J. Garvey, Louisville. 

Business discussions showed that things are rather 

quiet just now, but operators in the oil and coal districts 

of the state have been fairly busy up to the 

present time as it was a big year in country districts. 

Opens Manufacturers' Selling Agency 

John J. Kelly, former New York manager of sales 

for Pierce, Butler & Pierce Manufacturing Co., Inc., 

has opened an office at 137 East Forty-third street, 

New York City, as metropolitans, district selling 

agent for several heating and plumbing goods manufacturers. 

Mr. Kelly received early training in the heating 

and plumbing supply business from his father in 

•Canada, coming to the United States in 1903. He 

has been associated in New York City, with the 

Standard Plumbing Supply Co., the Metropolitan 

Supply Co., and the Caldwell Lead Co., and followed 

this organization into the Pierce, Butler & 

Pierce Manufacturing Co., Inc. 

His record is one of consistent progress which has 

resulted in wide acquaintance with those influential 

in the industry in this district. He is the president 

of the Greater New York Association of Jobbers of 

Plumbing Supplies, a member of the meeting committee 

of the Eastern Supply Association, and chairman 

of the finance committee of the National Trade 

Extension Bureau for New York City. 

His activities have secured for him the good will 

of those to whom he hopes to sell goods. The lines 

which he already has are the air valves and specialties 

of the Hoffman Specialty Co., the sanitary 

earthenware of Lambertsville Pottery Co., valves 

of the Capitol Brass Works, a line of plumbers' 

woodwork and numerous other articles which he is 

prepared to supply promptly in New York City Territory. 

He is stocking the line of Hoffman Specialty 

Co., and has prepared to give quick service 

on the other lines which he is representing. 

A New Ribb Seat Reamer 

The new tapering reamer, as manufactured by the 

Good Manufacturing Co., 305 East 134th street, 

New York City, is designed for use in connection 

with the hand faucet reamer for reaming faucets 

TAPERING BIBB REAMER 

where the cone type washer is to be used. This 

reamer reams the seat sufficiently to fit the washer 

as it should be and in many cases can be used with 

complete satisfaction, where the flat type of 

reamer cannot produce satisfactory results. 

Ruilding in Orlando, Fla. 

N b ld ng permits for 0rlanda 

to 

wTJ £'- ,' amounted 

$212,308 Eighty of the permits were for new 

buildings. The demand for new buildings is unabated 

Globe Ventilator 

Illustrated is a sectional view of the Globe ven 

manufactured by the Globe Ventilator Co., Troy, N. Y. 

This ventilator is manufactured of heavy gauges of 

GEOBE VENTILATORS 

best quality material. It will be seen by the se 

view that it is constructed firmly and substantially and 

so designed that wind cannot enter. Therefore, there 

is a rapid movement of air outward, anemometer 

readings indicating a 21,000 ft. hourly capacity for 

the 12-in. size in a wind velocity of 5 miles per hour. 

In some cases it is desirable to have light as well as 

ventilation, and to meet those requirements the Globe 

ventilator is furnished with glass tops where desirable. 

A descriptive booklet can be had upon request of the 

manufacturer, showing many places where Globe ventilators 

can be used and each one representing a possible 

profit for the plumber. 

Eastern Pennsylvania Chapter Meeting 

On Thursday evening, December 9, the Eastern 

Pennsylvania Chapter of the American Society of 

Heating and Ventilating Engineers had as its guest 

Dean L. A. Scipio of the Research Bureau, Vicepresident 

Champlain L. Riley, Secretary C. W. Obert 

and Perry West of the Research Bureau. 

J. Kuss, a smoke-prevention expert, was the speaker 

of the evening. He made no attempt to make a special 

address but rather recounted from his experience interesting 

things that had come up in smoke prevention 

work and succeeded in eliciting a generous applause 

from his hearers. 

Dean L. A. Scipio, who had been making a trip 

among the universities conducting research work 

in behalf of the Bureau, spoke somewhat of his experiences. 

Plan Removals and Extensions 

The Ohio Pipe Bending & Machine Co. has moved 

its factory to the corner of Elm and Washington 

streets, Cleveland. The new plant is equipped for 

bending pipe up to 30 in. in diameter and will also do 

acetylene welding. 

The Wisconsin Electric Welder Co., Milwaukee, has 

been chartered to manufacture electric welding and 

cutting apparatus and operate a commercial welding


The splendid service which the members of the 

Michigan Chapter of the American Society of Heating 

and Ventilating Engineers is given to the society 

and the field is shown in it enterprises. The 

December meeting of the chapter was held in 

Toledo, Ohio, on Monday evening, December 13. 

The chapter chartered a special car, leaving Detroit 

at 4:30 o'clock in the afternoon, arriving in 

Toledo in time for dinner and returning to Detroit 

immediately after the meeting. This meeting 

was held in Toledo as a compliment to the Toledo 

members of tbe Michigan chapter, of which there 

are now 18. 

The meeting was presided over by President E. 

E. McNair and the first business was a report by 

J. R. McColl for the committee appointed to draft 

suitable resolutions on the death of Professor John 

R. Allen. The report was accepted and became a 

part of tbe record of the Michigan chapter. 

F. R. Still, chairman of the research committee, 

spoke on the recent meeting of the committee and 

council in Pittsburgh, bringing out the fact that after 

a most instructive meeting, he had thanked the 

Bureau of Mines for the splendid and generous 

support which had been given by it. Immediately 

the representative of the LTnited States Government 

for the Bureau of Mines stated that whatever 

the Bureau had given to the society in the services 

of assistance, in the space for offices and in the 

equipment, it was far below the valuable service 

which the society had rendered to the Bureau and 

much larger contributions would have to be made 

by the Bureau of Mines to offset thc value that had 

already been received from the society. 

The meeting was then entertained with a lecture 

on the production of wrought iron pipe, the lecture 

being given by Mr. English of the Reading Iron 

Co., Reading, Pa. The pictures and the discourse 

covered the manufacture of wrought iron pipe from 

the blast furnace to the loading platform. 

At the close of the meeting the 52 members and 

guests present gave a vote of thanks to Mr. English 

for his courtesy and to his company for the 

favor. 

Consolidation of the American Company's 

Combustion Plant 

The American Combustion Co., which is now 

operating in Denver, Chicago, Buffalo and Toronto, 

Canada, will consolidate all these plants, with the 

exception of the one in Toronto, in a single manufacturing 

plant to be located in Sturgis, Mich. 

This concern manufacturers and markets the 

West guaranteed furnace and boiler carburetor and 

smoke-abator. The officers of the company are: 

President, Alfred G. Morency; vice-president, D. E. 

Chapman; secretary, Roy H. Hagerman; treasurer, 

Arthur Phelps. William Wallack, D. M. Mc 

Allister, Walter Roat and Charles Ramsauer vvill be 

connected with the company as salesmen. 

The product is a device of the hot blast principle 

made adaptable to every type of heating plant from 

ranges and stoves to tbe largest power boilers and 

is in various size models. 

STEAM FITTER December 31, 1920 

shop. The capital stock is $150,000; the incorporators Testite Permanent Closet Connection 

are G. F. Runge, E. H. Mills and Walter L. Poppe. 

The Testite closet connection manufactured by 

the William C. Groeniger Manufacturing Co., of 8 

East Chestnut street, Columbus, Ohio, is designed 

Michigan Chapter Engineers 

for use in connection with the short horn closet. 

The connection shown is for use with a lead connection 

between the closet and soil pipe. 

The lead bend should be cut off flush with the 

floor and cleaned for soldering or wiping. The lower 

TESTITE SHORT HORN CLOSET BOWE CONNECTION 

inner surface of the brass flange should be tinne 

or be made ready for soldering or wiping. The 

lower flange is then placed over the pipe so that it 

rests firmly on the floor with the bolts the same 

distance from the wall. The lead is then dressed 

against the flange, and the joint between lead and 

flange made by wiping or soldering. The centering 

flange is then screwed into position. A gasket, 

making the joint tight between the closet bowl 

spud and centering flange, as is shown in sectional 

view of flange. 

This flange connection should rest firmly on the 

SECTIONAL VIEW OF TESTITE PERMANENT CLOSET 

CONNECTION 

floor, and be bolted to the closet, but not screwed 

to the floor, then if the soil stack is firmly anchored 

to the building, all settlement will occur in unity. 

It vvill also be noted that the Testite flange is 

furnished with a test cap, which is provided with a 

3_-in. opening for the purpose of filling or emptying 

the system. These caps have an additional advantage 

in that they can be used over and over 

again, making a saving of time and money. 

The floor level in building construction is purely 

an imaginary line which must be established by the 

various craftsmen. It does not become fixed or 

real until established by a permanent article. There 

is an advantage to the craftsman who establishes 

this permanency and disdvantage to the craftsman 

who uses the imaginary line as a working basis. 

The Testite closet connection installed with the 

rough work fixes a permanent floor level to which 

all other craftsmen can and will work. 

gi Further information can be had by addressing the 

'


Commission on Ventilation for Kansas City can be sold. As will be seen, the garbage is put in 

the can from the kitchen, and the can is removed 

At a meeting held in the office of Dr. E. H. Bullock, 

Health Commissioner of Kansas City on Saturday 

morning, December 4, the "Commission on 

Ventilation for Greater Kansas City" was organized. 

This meeting was held on the suggestion of 

Dr. Bullock made at the Friday evening meeting of 

the Kansas City Chapter, American Society of 

Heating and Ventilating Engineers. The new 

Commission proposes to work along the lines that 

have been followed by the Chicago Commission on 

Ventilation and will pay particular attention to air 

conditions in schools, theatres and all public buildings. 

Its efforts will cover both Kansas City, Mo., 

and Kansas City, Kan., and it is expected that 

other organizations will arrange in the near future 

to have representation on the Commission. 

Dr. Bullock was chosen Chairman and J. H. 

Kitchen was chosen Secretary of the Commission. 

The committee on bylaws is composed of J. H. 

Brady, Chairman, W. W. Rose and W. N. Mclntyre. 

The program committee includes Prof. 

J. H. Markley, Chairman, Dr. Roche and Walter 

Matscheck. In addition to those mentioned, Walter 

Gillham and R. L. Dunlap were present. 

A further meeting of the Commission was held 

at the Public Library on Monday afternoon, December 

13, at 3 p. m. This Commission has a 

wide range of usefulness before it and should 

GARBAGE PUT IN CAN FROM KITCHEN 

have the concerted support of the school authorities 

and all civic and technical organizations. 

from outside of the building. Therefore flies cannot 

get into it, and no dirt is created in moving the pail. 

Garbage Rreeds Flies—Flies Carry Disease 

Germs 

That information can be used to sell sanitary garbage 

containers. There are thousands of housebolders 

MAJESTIC BUILT-IN GARBAGE RECEIVER 

who should have a sanitary method of handling their 

garbage. This applies in small and rural communities 

as well as in cities. Is a country home any better 

than a city home, when putrifying garbage is lying 

around, and streams of flies are making periodical 

trips from garbage pile to kitchen and table? 

Illustrated are three views of the Majestic Built-in 

Garbage Receiver. In every community some of these 

ANOTHER VIEW OF BUILT-IN GARBAGE RECEIVER 

607 

Complete information can be had by addressing th 

manufacturer the Majestic Co., Huntington, Ind. 

Survey of National Association of Master 

Plumbers of the United States 

By George F. Uber, National Secretary 

Made from the National Office 

A few weeks more and our National Association wi 

have completed the first half term of its thirty-eighth 

year of existence, a year which promises to be a 

history-making epoch for the master plumber. 

Like the world in general we, too, are facing a period 

of reconstruction and hand in hand with other industries 

we must once again return to normal con-


ditions. This return must be made slowly and carefully, 

for Time is the only doctor capable of curing 

the ills which business has contracted during the years 

when the whole world seemed to forget the existence 

of God and wantonly sacrificed His greatest gift—life. 

Millions of men were killed and other millions incapacitated; 

the wealth of nations was gathered together 

and expended for materials which now lie at 

the bottom of the sea or are useless except in time of 

war. All these things must be replaced and until such 

time when this is accomplished we cannot expect relief 

from the evils which their destruction has mothered. 

These evils are on all sides of us and no matter 

which way we turn, we must face them. To face 

them alone is hopeless; we must do it collectively. 

The pitfalls are many and dangerous and unless we have 

the guidance and warning from someone who can go 

before and discover the way, we cannot hope to escape 

falling by the wayside. It is in this role that the 

National Association will serve its members. It will 

be the pathfinder for the great army of master 

plumbers and those who are enrolled under its banner 

may well be thankful that they have such a leader. 

Never before in the history of our industry has 

there been a time when cooperative action on the part 

of the master plumber has been so vital. For him to 

successfully pass through this period of reconstruction, 

beset as he is on all sides by questions which require 

immediate and unerring solution, he must know what 

his fellow craftsman is going to do and his action must 

be in harmony with the action of the majority. No 

rule has ever applied to a body of men with so much 

force and meaning as that century-old motto "In 

Union there is Strength" now applies to the master 

plumbers. 

If it were possible for every master plumber in the 

country to take the place of the National Secretary 

and see the things which the National Association 

accomplishes for the good of the trade, the steadfastness 

with which it upholds the principles for which it 

was created, the vigilance which it continually maintains 

over the welfare of its members, there is no 

doubt but that the strength of the National Association 

would be the entire industry, with each member proud 

of his affiliation. 

There are thousands of master plumbers who are 

non-members simply because they have never been acquainted 

with the real purposes and the benefits of the 

National Association. Co-operating as we are with 

the Trade Extension Bureau, the benefits derived from 

membership cannot be too highly appraised and as a 

business proposition membership for this purpose 

alone is a very good investment. Aside from that 

there is the experience of successful men of the trade 

which is given out through the National Association. 

This experience dates back to the time of the association's 

conception and represents the thoughts of successful 

master plumbers who were confronted with 

the same problems as those which we are called upon 

to solve, for although times and customs change there 

will always be the same troubles before us, for human 

nature never changes and our greatest troubles find 

their origin in human agencies. 

Let each member then take it upon himself to 

acquaint the non-member with the advantages of 

affiliation with the National Association. It is his 

duty not only to the National Association but to his 

fellow craftsman who has not been so fortunate as he 

in discovering the advantages of National Association 

affiliation. 

Let us then, as we follow out the routine of our 

existence as master plumbers, always have our National 

Association in mind and let us strive to bring 

every non-member of our acquaintance into our ranks 

for as our association increases in numbers it also 

increases in usefulness, and the greater our membership 

the greater will be the benefits for each individual 

member. Let us make this a banner year for increase 

in membership, a year which will bear fruit for many 

years to come. Can this be done? the answer is 

"Yes, co-operation will do it." 

Auditorium Ventilation Topic at Chicago 

Engineers' Meeting 

The Illinois Chapter of the American Society of 

Heating and Ventilating Engineers held its December 

meeting on December 13, in the Engineers -Club, 

Chicago, 111. Dinner was served at 6:15 o'clock for 

73 members and guests. 

The following new members were unanimously 

elected: J. G. Dewar, T- R. Furman, R. W. Menk, 

W. A. Pegram, W. A. Sheriffs, L. S. Simonsen and 

O. S. Lippman. 

Wholesale 

The commodities included in this table have been chosen for their representative character and their relation to 

available date nearest the fifteenth of each month. These quotations are believed 

COMMODITY 

Unit 

COAL^ 

Anthracite, No. 1 buckwheat, f. o. b. lower porta, N. Y. Dols. per gross ton 

Anthracite, stove, f. o b. mine 

Dols. per gross ton 

Bituminous, run of mine, f.o.b. mine, Fairmount W.Va. Dols. per gross ton 

Pittsburgh District 

Dols. per net ton.. 

COPPER— 

Electrolytic, early delivery. New York 

Cents per lb 

IRON and STEEL— 

DOIB. per gross ton 

Pig iron, basic, Valley furnace 

Dols. per gross ton 

Steel billets, open hearth, Pittsburgh 

LEAD— 

Cents per lb 

Pis. early delivery. New York 

Dola. per bbl 

PETROLEUM—Crude at well. 

Dols. per bbl 

Pennsylvania 

KanfacoOklahoma 

RUBBER— 

Dols, per lb 

Dols. per lb 

Plantation, first latex crepe, N. Y 

Para, upriver fine, New York 

SPELTER 

Prime western, early delivery. St. Louis 

Cents per lb 

1914 

Jan. Apr. July Oct. 

2.25 2.40 

4.00 3.50 

.85 .80 

1.30 1.30 

14.125- 14.37



Members of the society living in Chicago but not 

members of the Illinois Chapter are to be personally 

interviewed by a membership committee, consisting of 

H. G. Thomas, chairman, J. M. Frank and J. T. Hayes 

appointed at this meeting. 

J. F. Hale, general chairman of the Arrangements 

Committee for the annual meeting in Philadelphia, 

January 24 to 26, spoke of preparations being made' 

and on motion a "Booster Committee" was appointed 

to secure a large attendance from Chicago. C. F 

Newport is chairman of this committee, and he wili 

be assisted by H. M. Hart, E. J. Claffy F W 

Powers, E. V. Hill, W. H. Chenoweth, R. B.' Dickson' 

and S. R. Lewis. 

A telegram from the Michigan Chapter in session at 

Toledo, Ohio, toasting the success of the society, was 

acknowledged with an expression of good will from 

the Illinois Chapter. 

Chairman R. W. Yardley then took charge of the 

meeting and introduced the speakers of the evening. 

F. R. Ellis, Boston, by means of lantern slides 

showed the progress made in ventilation and told 

some early history, then explaining the most up-todate 

practice. 

A system for theatre and auditorium ventilation 

recommended by the Typhoon Fan Co., Chicago was 

outlined by Mr. Wilson. A paper was read by S. 

R. Lewis, telling some of his experiences in ventilation 

problems, and lantern slides showed where mistakes 

were made and the means used to rectify them. 

The speakers and the committee in charge were 

given a vote of thanks, after which the meeting adjourned. 

Dates of Coming Conventions 

January 18, 19 and 20, 1921.—Wisconsin Master Plumbers' 

Association, in Milwaukee, headquarters Hotel Wisconsin 

January 18, 19 and 20, 1921.—The Iowa Master Plumbers' 

Association, at Burlington, Iowa, headquarters Burlington 

January 25, 26 and 27, 1921.—The Illinois Master Plumbers' 

Association, in Springfield, 111. 

January 25, 26, 27 and 28, 1921.—The American "Society of 

Heating and Ventilating Engineers. The business session of 

the meeting will be held in New York City, January 25 and 

the professional sessions will probably be held in Philadelphia 

January 26 to 28. ' 

February 1, 2 and 3, 1921.—The Ohio State Association of 

Master Plumbers, at Toledo, headquarters Hotel Secor. 

Prices 

609 

February 7, 8 9 10 and 11 1091 TU r,r- 

P-nmber/A sociation° S l i i t t " « faster 

P.Lte- y As^cia!L, a at d B^4 92L - The M ~ *•* 

JSSi'S L^ 1 -^ ^ rth Dak ° ta M — ^êrs' 

socS/aVToV.afinT 7116 ^ ^ «"' As- 

March 14, 15 and 16, 1921,-The Indiana Society of Sani 

tary Engineers, in Muncie Ind ouLiery ot c_ani- 

March 21, 22 and 23, 1921,-The Missouri Master Plumbers- 

Association, at Columbia, AIo. numDers 

Mute r P.nml^ri^ Massachus etts State Association of 

Master lumbers, at Boston 

0/.he 7 TX. and , V 92L ~ The îrty-ninth annual convention 

Orleans La Aâtion ot Master Plumbers, at New 

Customers Recognize It 

The sort of savings which customers quickly 

recognize and appreciate, are the savings which they 

MARTIN & SONS CO. VISE MOUNT 

can actually see. Therefore, when a plumber arriv 

on the job equipped with an up-to-date vise mount, 

he is immediately ready to do business in cutting and 

threading his pipes. Customers recognize such equipment 

as saving them necessary time to fasten up the 

ordinary vise. That is the sort of saving which builds 

reputation, and makes loyal customers. 

The vise mount illustrated is made by the H. P. 

Martin & Sons Co., Owensboro, Ky. It is made of 

No. 16 sheet iron, thoroughly riveted, and braced with 

angle irons. The legs are instantly removable or 

placed in position, and they stand set up without bolts, 

screws or braces, making it possible to assemble it 

for work quickly. 

This vise mount can be had on a 10-days free trial, 

and the saving it effects recommends it to the consideration 

of every plumbing and steam fitting shop. 

fundamental business conditions. All quotations have been secured from recognized trade sources. Prices are for the 

to be correct as of the dates designated, but their accuracy is not guaranteed. 

Jan. 

2.85 

4.40 

4.50 

4.25 

28.76 

30.00 

65.00 

7.50 

3.05 

170 

.80 

•77:. 

950 

Apr. 

3.80 

3.90 

3.75 

3.25 

32.00 

40.00 

75.00 

9.^5 

3.05 

1.70 

.80^ 

•76H 

0.50 

1917 

July 

3.95 

4.20 

3.36 

3.00 

28.50 

53.00 

100.00 

10.75 

3.10 

1.70 

.67 

.68}. 

8.75 

Oct. 

3.95 

4.70 

2.40 

2.00 

23.50 

33.00 

47.50 

7.00 

3.50 

2.00 

.63M 

.64 

8.00 

Jan. 

4.35 

5.05 

3.15 

2.45 

23.50 

33.00 

47.50 

7.00 

3.75 

2.00 

.57 

.58 

7.75 

Apr. 

460 

4.75 

3.66 

2.45 

23.50 

32.00 

47.50 

6.95 

4.00 

2.25 

.60 

.61 

6.75 

1918 

July 

5.15 

4.75 

2.80 

2.35 

26.00 

32.00 

47.50 

S.05 

4.00 

2.25 

.63 

.63 

8.50 

Oct. 

5.15 

5.05 

2.80 

2.35 

26.00 20.00 

33.00 10.00 

47.50 43.50 

8.05 

4.00 

2.25 

.59 

63 

8.60 

Jail. 

4.45 

6.10 

2.50 

2.35 

5.62}S 

4.00 

2.25 

.55 

.60 

6.75 

191(1 

Apr. 

4.75 

6.10 

2.50 

2.25 

15.25 

25.75 

38.50 

4.95 

4.00 

2.25 

•49). 

.55 

6.15 

J-ily Oct. 

4.75 

6.40 

2.40 

2.25 

21.75 22.25 19.25 

25.75 25.75 37.00 

38.50 38.50 45.00 

5.60 

4.00 

2.25 

.40 

.55 

7.60 

4.75 

6.1.0 

2.80 

2.35 

6.35 8.75 

4.25 

2 25 

.51 

.53 

7.50 

Jan. 

5.25 

6.60 

2.80 

2.35 

5.00 

3.00 

.53^ 

.49 

0.10 

• 

Feb. 

5.50 

6.60 

2.80 

2.35 

18.50 

43.00 

58.00 

0.00 

5.50 

3.00 

.48 

.45}. 

8.70 

Mar. 

6.00 

6.60 

2.80 

2.35 

18.00 

41.00 

60.00 

9.37}_ 

6.10 

3.50 

.48). 

.42 

9.60 

Apr. 

5.75 

6.60 

4.25 

4.25 

18.75 18.37}. 17.87 

42.00 43.00 

6.5.00 65.00 

9.00 

6.10 

3.50 

.45 

.42 

8.45 

May 

5.75 

7.70 

5.50 

5.25 

8.50 

6.10 

3.50 

.38 

.391. 

7.75 

1920 

June 

6.30 

7.50 

9.50 

8.50 

43.50 

05.00 

8.65 

6.10 

3.50 

.38 

.371. 

7 50 

July 

6.50 

7.65 

12.00 

10.00 

18.75 

46.00 

65.00 

8.60 

6.10 

3.50 

.33 

.UH 

7.85!. 

Aug. 

6.50 

7.75 

12.00 

U.00 

18.62H 

48.50 

60.00 

9.25 

6.10 

3.50 

•31H 

.32}. 

8.00 

Sept. 

8.00 

8.00 

10.75 

9.00 

18.12!. 16.25 

48.50 

60.00 

8.00 

6.10 

3.50 

.25 

.27 

7.75 

Oct. 

8.00 

8.00 

10.75 

9.00 

46.00 

55.00 

7.60 

6.10 

3.50 

.24 

.24}. 

7.30 

No;. 

8.00 

8.00 

a5.50 

35.00 

14.50 

38.50 

b50.00 

6.60 

6.10 

3.50 

.20 

.22 

6.37M 

Re DTinl jr om Coi nmerce Monthly


The Tone of Business Modern Garage Drainage 

Howard Coonley, president of the Walworth Manufacturing 

Co., very aptly states in the Walworth Log 

the opinion of sound business men, as follows: 

Every dog has his day. Just now the great furry 

collie of Prosperity, having perhaps been a bit overfed, 

is asleep around the corner. The ugly head of 

Depression, with bis undershot 

jaw protruding a 

little further than ever, 

having waited long, has 

seen his opportunity and 

taken the center of the 

arena. Fortunately he is 

so anxious to show his 

strange form to the public 

that he is letting the collie 

sleep off his indigestion 

and will not be ready 

to put up much of a 

scrap when his adversary 

awakens. 

Sometimes the most bitter medicine brings the 

quickest reaction and therefore the surest cure. This 

appears to me to be the panacea in the present situation. 

The financial crisis is not new—it has been 

with us for some time. 

At the moment it is a little more poignant than 

usual, but our country in the emergency is showing 

the courage and resilience that we all have learned to 

expect and rely on. Here and there individuals are 

being shipwrecked, but is is largely due to their own 

irresponsibility or possibly their over-zealousness in 

providing for their selfish interests. 

The liquidation has developed more speedily than 

we optimists predicted. By the same token it will 

dissolve faster. There is no group of able men with 

whom I come in contact and who have proven their 

soundness by the test of time, who have not confidence 

in the immediate future for this country and who do 

not believe that the tide has already turned. Let us 

hope that it vvill come at a more modest pace and 

therefore with a healthier physique than has been true 

in the past. 

Fortunately vve have reached the time of year when 

optimism is at its height. Christmas Day has no room 

for the pessimist. It is the time when the brush of Good 

Cheer paints its most colorful scenery. There never 

was a period of the world's history when psychology 

played a more important role. More strength to the 

arm of good old Santa Claus. 

Increases Manufacturing Facilities 

The Bowlus Manufacturing Co., Springfield, 

Ohio, announces an expansion of its manufacturing 

facilities which more tban trebles its former manufacturing 

plant. This places the company in a better 

position to handle the large orders which have 

been pouring into its office on the "Jewel" and 

"Famous" type of water closet flush valves. 

This concern has for the past several years manufactured 

a seat operating factory and school closet 

and has achieved the success tbat follows in the 

wake of specializing in one good type of closet combinations. 

The Bowlus Manufacturing Co. has made 

nothing for the plumbing trade for years but water 

closets. 

In many of the large cities it is unlawful to use or 

attach with public sewers any garage, stable, barn, 

vehicle wash, dye or cleaning or other establishments 

where gasoline, oils or other inflammable materials are 

used or stored, unless a system of drainage approved 

by the Fire Prevention Board and plumbing inspector 

shall be installed. This ordinance is necessary in 

order to prevent explosions, choked sewers, action 

from formation of gases, and other complaints and 

nuisances common in garage and other like establishments. 

To meet these requirements and to care for the mud 

which is washed from vehicles, the Peerless garage 

GARAGE INTERIOR SHOWING PEERLESS GARAGE DRAIN 

PIPED AND VENTED 

dram has been designed. When used in garages, it is 

connected up with one or more special gas basins as 

shown in illustration showing sectional view of drain 

and basin, the entire unit being piped and vented as 

shown in the illustration of garage interior. The 

drain itself is constructed in such a manner that the 

mud, sand and other matter washed from vehicles 

accumulate in tbe centre receptacle, which is so arranged 

that the force of water cannot carry this 

material out of the basin into the outlet of sewer. 

When it becomes necessary to remove the accumulation 

of dirt, the receptacle can be lifted out of the 

basin and emptied. 

These drains are provided in various sizes to meet 

various demands, and complete descriptive booklet can 

be had by addressing the Compound Injector & Specialty 

Co., manufacturers, at 419 North Laramie avenue 

Chicago, 111.

December 31. 1920 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITJER 611 

EVEREADY 


(Formerly MUl&l'OMUi Apparatus) 

Eveready outfits are utility tools 

DESIGNED primarily for the small metal worker 

and manufacturer, Eveready apparatus embodies 

those qualities which suit it particularly 

jvell to all classes of work. 

It has the strength, lightness and perfect balance 

Rvliich are essential factors in satisfactory welding and 

cutting combined with simple solderless, metal to 

metal construction. 

Of remarkable working efficiency, Eveready is 

moderate in price and of exceptional economy in gas 

consumption and up-keep. 

And last, but by no means least, it is the product of 

Oxweld Engineering Ability and Oxweld Workman 

ship—a guarantee of absolute quality. 

Fill out and mail the coupon to-day for New Catalog 

and the name and address of your local Distributors. 



3644 JASPER PLACE, CHICAGO, ILL. 

WORLDS LARGEST MAKERS OF OXY-ACETYLENE WELD1NC AND CUTTING OUTFITS 

i Name 

| OXWELD ACETYLENE COMPANY 

l Eveready Apparatus Dept. 

3644 Jasper Place. Chicago, 111. 

I Please mail me Free of Charge your New 

! Eveready Catalog and address of your distributor 

i in my locality. 

I 

\ P. O. Address 

I 

i 

t 


OE-512-11


New York Comment 

THE MARKET ! 

STEAM GOODS 

Conditions among boiler and radiator manufacturers 

are rapidly approaching normal as far as prompt 

shipments are concerned. In most cases all back 

orders have been shipped and stocks are such as to 

insure prompt shipment of future orders for regular 

goods. A seasonable drop of 12 1 reduced 10 per cent by jobbers. Following the reduction 

of 10 per cent by manufacturers of enamel ware 

and pottery, jobbers have marked down those goods 

15 per cent. They have also reduced soil pipe another 

five points, making a total reduction of 35 points since 

Xovember, the present discount being 22 per cent. 

Business in the plumbing and steam fitting field is 

dull and while trade is not normally brisk at this time 

of the year, manufacturers and jobbers recognize that 

-. per cent on boilers, 

the buyer expects reductions and are therefore adjust 

7y2 per cent on radiation, 5 per cent on wall radiation 

ing their prices to the extent that declines in raw 

has taken effect, notices of which in many cases are 

materials permit. That further reductions in some 

about to be mailed. Demand is below normal and in 

lines of goods will be made on January 1, or soon 

dications point to a further readjustment which will 

after, is generally anticipated. 

be gradual. No large stocks are reported and most 

The steel market is without activity, but the inde 

foundries are operating with reduced forces. 

pendent mills which recently dropped their prices to 

PLUMBIXG GOODS 

the U. S. Steel Corporation level have shown little 

disposition to make further concessions. Pig iron is 

Black and galvanized welded steel pipe continue 

still 

on 

unstable because of resale offerings at low prices, 

same level of price with shipments from mills some 

but is declining much less rapidly and by many is 

what improved. Buying has been affected by season 

considered to be close to bottom. Buying is at a low 

able conditions making demand slight. 

ebb. The non-ferrous metals, also, seem to be reach 

Welded wrought iron pipe is very scarce with mills 

ing a stable level. Copper is unchanged since a fort 

far behind orders. Indications point to a firm tone 

night ago, while the other metals have declined, in 

in price. 

some instances only slightly. 

Cast iron soil pipe is plentiful, jobbers' stock being 

Pig Iron—The leading Chicago merchant's reduc 

largest in several years. A further decline of 10 per 

tion to $38, Chicago furnace, on No. 2 foundry, an 

cent in price has taken effect with very little demand. 

nounced in the last issue, did not induce buying, as 

Founders as a rule have very little, if any, stock of 

resale quotations soon receded to a lower level. Trad 

soil pipe on hand as shipments have been rushed to 

ing is at a minimum, with ruling prices on Northern 

jobbers on back orders. 

No. 2 foundry about $35, Chicago, and No. 2 South 

Vitreous ware remains firm in price, shipments conern, 

$34, Birmingham. 

tinue to show improvement, jobbers well stocked, de 

Copper—There is practically no buving, but prices 

mand for immediate needs only. 

remain unchanged. On Lake ingot, Chicago dealers 

Porcelain enamelware stocks in jobbers' hands is 

quote 14y cents per pound for carload lots. 

much larger than for some years with price holding 

Tin—Consumers of tin are staying out of the market 

and demand slight. Foundry shipments have pre 

and trading even between brokers is at a minimum. 

cluded building of manufacturers' stocks. However, 

Prices are slightly weaker than two weeks ago. 

many foundries have closed down for from two to 

Chicago dealers quote Straits pig in carlots at 35 to 

four weeks for inventory. 

36 cents per pound. 

Brass goods have shown a slight decline in price 

Lead—With buying at a low ebb, this metal has 

with demand' well below normal. 

shown further weakness, tbe present quotation of 

Indications point to a short period of general busi 

Chicago dealers for small lots being 4.70 cents per 

ness depression. However, more optimism and con 

pound. 

fidence is evidenced. While some further readjust 

Zinc—The decline in spelter has been sharper than 

ment of prices is apparent the trend of opinion is that 

in the other metals, prices having declined 40 cents 

business is on a very firm foundation and that the 

per 100 lb. Chicago dealers quote slabs in small lots 

present depression will work to the advantage of those 

at 5.75 cents per pound. 

who get things in shape to cope with the large volume 

Solder—Plumbers' solder is quoted at 17 cents per 

of work which will soon open up. 

pound in 100 lb. lots, a reduction of 3 cents. 


Pig Iron 

Although raw material price reductions bave slackA 

further drop in prices is noted with little buying as 

ened, if they have not reached bottom, readjustments the new year with its developments are awaited. 

in the plumbing and steam fitting field are under way. NEW YORK 

East Pa. No. 1 fdy Sil 2.75 to 3.25 per cent. . _4n S? to *41 52 

The American Radiator Co. has announced a cut of East Pa. No. 2X fdy Sil 2.25 to 2.75 •• " 3877 o 407. 

Yiy-i per cent on cast-iron boilers and 7y2 per cent on East Pa. No. 2 fdy Sil 1.75 to 2.25 " " ... 1752,0 ..52 

_ 

radiation with the exception of wall, which is down 

5 per cent. Range boilers and pottery have been reduced 

10 per cent, and pipe fittings have been marked 

down generally to the prices of the leading manufacturer. 

In plumbers' brass goods a few items have been 

uf - 10 Sil 1.75 to 2.25 " " ...'.••• 4046 o 4146 

Virginia No. 2 Sil 1.75 to 2.25 " " X.' 43.. 1 t_ 44_>1 

CHICAGO 

Northern Coke No. 1 Sil 2.25 to 2.75 per cent. . «•,•; ->c . »«« 

Northern Coke No. 2 

Southern Coke fdy. 

Southern Coke fdy. 

Sil 1.75 to 2.25 

Sil 2.75 to 3.25 

Sil 2.25 to 2.75 

" 

" 

" 

" 

" 

" 

._nn . ,_nn 

.... _ ,„. !° „?•„, 

'. " ' " li o. .° WAI 

Southern Coke fdy. Sil 1.75 to 2.25 " " ['" Jn'_; !° _,_. 

4U.67 to 42.67

December 31. 1920 _J \t £* MflfPLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 613 

PHILADELPHIA 

Eastern Pa. No. 2 Plain Sil 1.75 to 2.25 per cent $33.54 to $36.54 

Eastern Pa. No. 2 X Sil 2.25 to 2.75 " •• 34.79 to 37.79 

Virginia No. 2 Plain Sil 1.75 to 2.25 " " 43.74 to 47.74 

Virginia No. 2X Sil 2.25 to 2.75 " " 44.99 to 48.99 

CLEVELAND 

Northern No. 2 fdy Sil 1.75 to 2.25 per cent $35.56 to $39.56 

Southern fdy Sil 2.25 to 2.75 " " 44.67 to 46.67 

CINCINNATI 

Southern Coke Sil 1.75 to 2.25 per cent (base price) $38.50 to $42.50 

Southern Coke Sil 2.25 to 2.75 " " (No. 2 Soft) 39.75 to 41.75 

Southern Ohio No. 2 SU 1.75 to 2.25 " " (No. 2) 34.52 to 37.52 

Old Materials 

Scrap Iron, New York.—The market has no life and dealers 

are not buying. Some No. 1 machinery cast has sold 

at 1 cent per lb. Prices which dealers in New York and 

Brooklyn are quoted to local foundries, per gross ton: 


No. 1 heavy cast columns, building materials, etc., 

cupola size 26.00 to 27.00 

No. 1 heavy cast not cupola size 18.00 to 19 00 


Iron and steel pipe (1 in. diam., not under 2 ft. long) 10.00 to 11.00 


Scrap Iron, Chicago—Consumers are still holding aloof 

from the market, but we note fewer price declines and a 

firmer tone in most grades. Quotations per gross ton, delivered 

consumers' yards follow: 

No. 1 cast $19.50 to 20.00 








No. 1 busheling 15.00 to 15.50 

Scrap Iron, Pittsburgh—There is an unchecked decline in 

prices and are not based on sales. Dealers quote: 

Cast iron wheels 30.00 to 31.00 









Scrap Iron, Boston—Noticeable declines have been felt in 

the market believed to be due to restriction in orders from 

consumers. Few large sales are reported. Dealers are generally 

paying as follows: 



No. 1 machinery 28.00 to 29 00 


Wrought iron pipe 15.00 to 15.50 

Steel rails 19.00 to 20.00 

Heavv melting steel 15.00 to 16.00 


Car wheels 32.00 to 33.00 



Old Metals, New York.—Business has been hard to put 

through during the past week as the market was sluggish 

with prices slightly lower. Dealers buying prices are nominally 

as follows: 

Cents 

Per Lb. 


Copper, heavy and wire 1000 




Heavy machine composition , 10.50 


No. 1 red brass or composition turnings S.25 


I.ead, tea 3.00 

Zinc 3.50 

Old Metals, Chicago—Although we note a few more price 

recessions, the market is considerably firmer, despite slack 

business. Dealers' buying prices are nominally as follows: 

Cents 

per lb. 



Yellow brass, light 5.25 

Copper, heavy and clips 9.00 






Zinc 3.00 

Soldered joints 5.50 

Tea Lead 2.00 

Please mention PLUMBER AND 

FROST-PROOF 

CLOSETS 

















Jos.A.VogelGo. 

Wilmington 

Delaware 











Duojet principle has no crevices, lodges or zigzag passage s 


Write todav for catalog of the Watrous line, which 


self-closing cocks, liquid soap fixtures, etc. 



4t/AJ8£uc 

W/ PLUMBING X 

ff FIXTURES . J 

T Ê D RTL E OW 

STEAM FITTER when you write.


Capital and Plant Extensions 

The American Blower Co., 141 Broadway, New 

York, manufacturer of mechanical draft equipment, 

fans, motors, etc., a New York corporation with 

plants at Green Island, N. Y., and Detroit, has 

increased its capital from $1,500,000 to $3,750,000. 

The National Plumbing & Heating Supply Co., 

6044 South State Street, Chicago, has let contracts 

for a one and two-story plant, garage and office, 

200 x 375 ft. at 201-209 East Sixty-third street, 

to cost $250,000. 

The American Water Softener Co., 1011 

Chestnut street, Philadelphia, manufacturer of 

filters, water conditioning equipment, etc., has 

taken title to the factory at the corner of 

Fourth street and Lehigh avenue, for manufacturing. 

The Narowetz Heating & Ventilating Co., 223 

West Lake street, Chicago, has let contract for 

the construction of a one-story plant, 82 x 132 

ft, at 1711-1717 Park avenue, to cost $65,000. 

The Multiplex Mfg. Co., Berwick, Ta., manufacturer 

of pumps, valves, etc., is considering 

the erection of a two-story building on East 

Fifth street, to cost about $10,000. 

The Republic Boiler & Radiator Co., Maryland 

Casualty Tower, Baltimore, recently incorporated with 

a capital of $1,000,000 to manufacture steam and hot 

water boilers and kindred specialties, is considering a 

number of sites in the eastern section of the city for 

its new plant. Enos S. Stockbridge, E. McClure 

Rouzer and William Lentz head the company. 

The Shoppe Flush Valve Co., 10 Railroad Place, 

Newark, has filed notice of organization to manufacture 

valves and similar specialties. Frank L. Shoppe, 

104 Jackson street, Passaic, N. J., and Edward G. 

Hedges, 271 Belleville avenue, Newark, head the 

company. 

The United Lead Co., Maurer, near Perth Amboy, 

N. J., has filed plans for two additions to cost about 

$150,000. The larger structure will be three stories, 

steel and concrete, 110x175 ft., estimated to cost 

$125,000, and the other one storv, 60x200 ft., to cost 

$25,000. 

VV. L. Blake & Co., Portland, Me., pipe, fittings, etc., 

has acquired property on East Commercial street, 

heretofore held by the Cumberland County Power &• 

Light Co. as a site for a new works. 

The Lawson Mfg. Co., Lexington avenue and 

Thomas boulevard, Pittsburgh, manufacturer of stoves, 

heaters, ranges, etc., has called a special meeting of 

stockholders on February 8, 1921, to vote an increase in 

capital to $100,000. L. E. Rott is secretary. 

The Crane Co., Chicago, manufacturer of pipe, 

valves, water and steam specialties, etc., is having 

plans prepared by Morgan, Walls & Morgan, 1124 Van 

Nuys building, Los Angeles, architects, for a new twostory 

and basement building, 80x100 ft., on East 

Third street. 

Abendroth Brothers, Inc., 101 Park avenue. New 

York, manufacturer of stoves, heating boilers, soil 

pipe, etc., with plant at Port Chester, N. Y., have increased 

their capital from $600,000 to $800,000. 

Improved Steam Pipe Casing 

Laboratory tests conducted by A. Wyckoff & Son C 

Elmira, N. Y., manufacturers of wood steam pipe 

casing, have led to several changes in its construction, 

all tending to make it more durable and improve its 

insulating properties. As it is now constructed, there 

is an inner shell, as shown in illustration at A, made 

of gulf cypress 2 in. thick. Around this inner casing 

is an asphaltum packing marked B, the heavy steel 

IMPROVED STEAM PIPE CASING 

wires around inner shell allowing of an air spac 

54-in. between inner and outer shell, thus increasing 

the air space 50 per cent. The outside shell is then 

applied, shown as D, 1 in. thick, made of gulf cypress 

or white pine, the outer coating being given a heavy 

coating of asphalt to prevent oxidization of the heavy 

steel wire which holds the casing together. 

This casing is made for steam pipes from 2 to 19 in. 

in diameter, inclusive, and complete information can 

be had by addressing the manufacturers. 

A Cure for Smoky Fireplaces 

The improved rotary ventilator works on the same 

principle as the exhaust fan, using the wind as the 

motor force, the whirling head creating a suction. It 

is simple in construction and durable. It is so ar- 

1M PROVED ROTARY VENTILATOR 

ranged that the hardened steel spindle and bear 

m oil, being noiseless in operation, and is recommended 

by the manufacturers as a cure for smoky chimneys 

or fireplaces. Further information about this 

ventilator can be had by addressing Fenn Ventilator 

Co., 94 Blackstone street, Boston, Mass.


Progressive Plumbers of America, install Josam Drains, 

wherever there is a ceiling below. 

Josam Drains are recognized as "Standard" of America. 

They are Leak-proof, Trouble-proof, substantially built—an 

asset to any building. 

They insure against discomfort of water leakage, and once 

installed need no further attention. 

For Office Buildings, Creameries, Hotels, Factories, in fact 

any building where there is ceiling below. 

•i::,.w,w^/fflV,l«^^ 


Use Josam 

615 

^Drains 

with the following results: a perfect 

job, absolutely free from 

leakage—a satisfied customer—a 

better profit ratio, which will not 

be absorbed by 'come-backs'due to 

leakages impossible to overcome 

when ordinary drains are used." 

—Mr. Fred Weiss, 

if Weiss Plumbing Co., Cleveland, Ohic


Advance Pump and Comressor Co 74 

Allen, L,. B. Co., Inc 71 

American District Steam Co 15 

Armstrong Mfg. Co IS 

Ayling & Reichert Co 76 

Itarrttt Co 3 

Bastian-Morley Co 6, 7 

Bernz, Otto 71 

Buffalo Forge Co 14 

Bullard Specialty Co 16 

Burlington Brass Woiks 71 

Classified Advertising 62 

Clayton & Lambert Mfg. Co 71 

Cleveland Engineering Institute 62 

Compound Injector & Specialty Co.... 9 

Cosgrove-Cosgrove Co 71 

Curtis & Curtis Co 13 

Dahlquist Mfg. Co 8 

Detroit Range Boiler & Stejl Barrel Co 21 

Drop Forging Co 21, 76 

Duriron Co 19 

Eagle-Picher Lead Co 74 

Economy Pumping Machinery Co. ... 74 

Esterbrook, R. Sons 73 

Economy Scale Remover Co., Inc.... 11 

Fenn Ventilator Co 72 

Flint & Walling Mfg. Co 22 

Frost Mfg. Co 16 

Gerstein Bros. & Copper 70 

Gorton ,_ Lidgerwood Mfg. Co 63 

llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllM 

Situations wanted: 

$1.00 for 25 words 

Index to Advertisers 

Graff Furnace Co 17 

Groeniger Mfg. Co 22 

Hamburg Boiler Works 70 

Hartman, Charles 65 

Hartman Ingot Metal Co 71 

Haynes Selling Co 73 

Hess Warming & Ventilating Co 70 

Horigan Supply Co 19 

Hotstream Heater Co .74 

Illinois Malleable Iron Co 74 

Imperial Brass Mfg. Co 613 

Jenkins Bros 23 

Jeter, A. H. Co., Inc 65 

Josam Mfg. Co 615 

Kalamazoo Sanitary Mfg. Co 76 

Kinsey & Mahler Co 71 

Koven, L. & O. & Bro 20 

Maddock, John & Son 19 

Marcy Stove Repair Co 70 

Martin, H. P. & Sons 72 

Merrell Mfg. Co 72 

Morency-Van Buren Mfg. Co 76 

National Tube Co 20 

Nelson, N. O. Mfg. Co 4 

Oxweld Acetylene Co. 611 

CLASSIFIED 

ADVERTISING 

Patterson-Kelley Co 73 

Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp.... 73 

Plumber and Steam Fitter 71 

Products Corp 72 

Rundle Spence Mfg. Co 75 

Ryan, B. Co 63 

Saunders, D. Sons 72 

Schwertle Stamp Co 62 

Smith, H. B. Co 28 

Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co 5 

Starrett, L- S. Co 63 

Stove Repair Corp 70 

Street & Kent Mfg. Co 10 

St. Louis Technical Institute 70 

Toledo Pipe Threading Co 23 

Trageser, John Steam Copper Works.. 18 

Trenton Brass & Machine Co 75 

U. P. C. Book Co 24, 25 

Vogel, Jos. A 1, 613 

War Department , 12 

Weiskitell & Son. A •. 26 

Wheeler Condenser & Engineering Co. 65 

G. Wilkins, George H. Co 72 

Williams, J. H. & Co 69 

Wing, L. J. Mfg. Co 23 

Wolff, L. Mfg. Co 2 

Wolverine Brass Works 76 

Wyckoff, A. & Son Co 69 

50 cents for 25 words or less, 2 cents each additional word. All other classified advertising: 

or less, 3 cents each additional word, or $1.75 per inch each insertion. Payment in full should 

accompany each a dvertisement 

nilllllllllll!IIIIil!l!!ill!ll!!l!c!>:il!li!!!llllllllllllllllllllll 

WANTED—Two or three steam 

HELP WANTED 

fitters who can do first class work 

SITUATION WANTED : BY a on residence heating to work in 

licensed plumber witb 14 years Eastern No. Carolina. Good wages 

experience. Can do a little steam, and expenses will be paid. Address 

hot water and gas fitting. Also a Box York 423-B, care Metal Worker, New 

little tinning if necessary. Wages 

t. f. 

Plumber, age 32, married, wants 

reasonable. Arthur James, Gen 

a position in the South. Address 

eral Deliverv, Bridgeport, Conn. 

box 244-A care PLUMBER _ STEAM 

2446 

FITTER, New York. 2446 

MMM M A M HAND MAOS 

ALPHABETS AND F1

Metal Worker Plumber & Steam Fitter - Clpdigital.org

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?