Metal Worker Plumber & Steam Fitter

64 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER December 31, 192 

Semi-Annual Index 

to Articles in 

Plumber and Steam Fitter 

Volume XGIV 

July to December, 1920, Inclusive ,. 

, * * •• 

This index comprises a list of all articles of importance which have appeared in PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER since the amalgamation of Metal Worker, Plumber and Steam Fitter with Sheet Metal on October 

1 1920, together with a similar list of all articles dealing with plumbing and heating subjects as published in 

Metal Worker, Plumber and Steam Fitter from July to September 1920 inclusive. The sheet metal and 

furnace heating section of that publication was consolidated with Sheet Metal and published since October 1, 

1920, as Sheet Metal Worker, and the index to these articles will be published in the last issue of Vol. 11 

of that journal. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER is devoted exclusively to the plumbing and heating industries 

and consequently this index contains articles dealing only with these subjects. 

Illustrated Articles Indicated by * 

Advertising, and Sales, Peaks and 

Valleys in 149—July 30 

American Society of Heating and Ventilating 

Engineers, Semi-Annual 

Meeting, May 26. 27 and 28, 

IS—July 2 

American Society of Sanitary Engineering: 

* Fifteenth Annual Meeting at St. 

Louis, Sept. 7—9. 373—Sept. 

17 

* Nine Men on the Job, One Working—What 

Happens ? 479—• 

Nov. 5 

Associations: 

Explanation of Our Local, 483— 

Nov. S 

Our State, 542—Dec. 3 

* Auto Trucks, as an Investment, 512—• 

Nov. 19 

B 

Baillet, H. F.: 

Plumbing Secretaries' National 

Conference, 280—Aug. 27 

Some Thoughts on the Labor 

Question, 32—July 9 

* Barometers of American Business, 450 

—Oct. 8; 476—Oct. 22; 502— 

Nov. 5; 526—Nov. 19; 556— 

Dec. 3; 582—Dec. 17; 610— 

Dec. 31 

* Bathrooms, Typical Equipment for 

English, 307—Sept. 3 

* Bath Tubs, History and Evolution of, 

332—Sept. 10 

* Big Room for You to Get a Profit, 

527—Dec. 3 

Illustrated Articles Indicated by * 

* Big Show—Free Tickets, 505—Nov. 

19 

Bixby, J. C, Originality a Factor of 

Success, 234—Aug. 20 

* Boilers, Where Best Used and Should 

Be, 309—Sept. 3 

Buckley, Elton J., 

More Oddities of Workmen's Compensation 

Law, 81-—July 16 

Pro and Con of Cancelling Orders, 

285—Aug. 2/ 

Suits against Railroads for Freight 

Delays Due to Congestion, 119 

-July 2i 

What the Words "In Full to Date" 

on the Check Amount To 43— 

July 9 

Business Methods: 

* Electricity or Water—Which? 

563—Dec .17 

Eye Opener You Will Sav Is Good, 

458—Oct. 22 

*4—1 = 3, 589—Dec. 31 

* Help the Housewife Solve Wash 

Day Problem, 503—Nov. 19 

* How the Shop Owner May Learn 

to Buy and Manage Better, 434 

Oct. 8 

Include Overhead Expense in Wage 

Charge, 214—Aug. 13 

Is It Covered in the Estimate? 

180—Aug. 6 

Originality a Factor of Success, 

234—Aug. 20 

Peaks and Valleys in Advertising 

and Sales, 149—July 30 

Price Cutter, Fool or Knave, Not 

Salesman, 357—Sept. 10 

Step Help 424—Oct. on False You 8 to Pride, Help Let Yourself, Them 

* Waiting Time Can Be Turned To 

Dollar Profits, 530—Dec. 3 

When a Bank Account Pays the 

Bank, 588—Dec. 31. 

C 

* Charts, Vital, Vital, the Vanishing 

Point of Profit, 456—Oct. 22 

Chew, Frank K., Responsibility and Opportunity 

of Heads of Industrial 

Enterprises, 306—Sept. 3 

Closets: 

Connecting to Drains, 144—July 30 

Milestone in Evolution of, 36.8— 

Sept. 17 

Codes, Cleveland Storm Center for 

Sanitary, 103—July 23 

* Combustion Recorder, New, 100— 

July 23 

* Comfort Stations, Need for Public, 

66—Julv 16 

Credits and Collections, 390—Sept. 24 

D 

Drainage, Research Work on House 

Systems, 6—July 2 

Drains, Connecting Closets to, 144— 

July 30 

* Drinking Fountains, Value of Sanitary 

Facilities, 33—July 9 

Dunlop, John Y.: 

* English Ideas in Drain Piping, 

231—Aug. 20 

* Sanitation in English Farm Buildings, 

171—Aug. 6 

* Typical English Bathroom Equipment, 

307—Sept. 3 

Durkin, D. F, Jr.: 

Explanation of Our Local Associations, 

483—Nov. 5

December 31. 1920 PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

The Jarvis | Thermoflash 

Makes Any Gas Water Heater Automatic 

A simple' thermostatic control for the small gas 

water heatei that gives a home all the advantages 

of automatic hot water service—at low cost. 

A fool-proof, trouble-free device that has proven 

its abilit-" to serve faithfully throughout a long life. 

XLGa£*VV a te rTReaTe < 

Easy to Install 

—a one-man job—with a 

profit on sale and installation. 

Consumer's price $35.00 

F.O.B. New York 

Dealers' discounts on request 

Send for descriptive booklet 

B. RYAN CO. 

372 West 15th St. 

NEW YORK, N. Y 

BR-fi 

No stooping, the slightest touch 

of the foot operates the valve. 

• ' 

smpmmm 

A Quarter Turn of the 

Handle Opens or Closes the 

GORTON 

QUARTER-TURN 

VALVE 

It is the easiest operatmg valve in the world, and 

users will regulate heat in a room by opening and 

closing the radiators, saving steam. 

With the old time valve, requiring five or six tur 

of the wheel to open or close the valve, users open 

the windows to cool a room, an immense waste of 

steam. 

Wasted steam is wasted coal. 

Equip your radiators with Gorton Valves and save 

money on your Coal Pile. 

Write for Catalogue 

Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. 

FISHER BLDG., CHICAGO, ILL. 96 LIBERTY ST., NEW YORK, N Y 

See Sweets Architectural Catalogue, Page 1635, for Specifications 

Please mention PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER when you write.

# 

Ten Minutes a Day—$4000 a Year, 

113—July 23 

National Trade Extension Activities, 

274—Aug. 27 

Our State Associations, 542—Dec. 

3 

* Duriron, Batting Average 999.9 Made 

in War Continued in Peace, 

459—Oct. 22 

Eastern Supply Association, Annual 

Meeting on October 13, 467— 

Oct. 22 

Editorials: 

Adviser to the Consumer, 346— 

Sept. 10 

Associations' Program, 404—Sept. 

24 

Barrel of a Gun, 516—Nov. 19 

Be a Plugger, 538—Dec. 3 

Business Will Be Good, Plan for 

Your Share Now, 538—Dec. 3 

Buyer Becoming Careful, 250—Aug. 

20 

Can Business Men Show Sportsmanship? 

154—July 30 

Clean House Now, 516—Nov. 19 

Collections, 186—Aug. 6—516—Nov. 

19 

Conditions Support Prices, 42— 

July 9 

Christmas Greetings, 568—Dec. 17 

Conflicting Influences, 320—Sept. 3 

Dissipation of Heating Mysteries, 

118—July 23 

Do You Know the Bank President? 

346—Sept. 10 

Estimating, 602—Dec. 31 

Factory Inspection, 186—Aug. 6 

Farmers May Not Look it—But 

284—Aug. 27 

Fire Prevention Day, 118—July 23 

Freight Rates and Deliveries, 284 

—Aug. 27 

Front Door Policy, 490—Nov. 5 

Have Small Supplies Ready, 372— 

Sept. 17 

Have You Stock on Hand? 80— 

July 16 

Heating with Boilers, 320—Sept. 3 

Humidity Twice Conspicuous, 154 

Tulv 30 

Is the Heater Ready? 404—Sept. 24 

Light of Others, Experience, 568— 

Dec. 17 

Keep the Public Informed, 56.8— 

Dec. 17 

Make Everv Job Add to Industry's 

Good Name, 462—Oct. 22 

National Regulations, 538—Dec. 3 

New Heating Contract Terms, 462 

—Oct. 22 

New Journal on a New Foundation, 

438—Oct. 8 

New Sentiment in Plumbing Field, 

460—Oct. 22 

Opening the New Year, 568—Dec. 

17 

Outings in the Trade, 250—Aug. 20 

Outlook for Business, 14—July 2 

Pay Envelope, 186—Aug. 6 

Perplexities of Business, 372— 

Sept. 17 

Pointers for Profit, 284—Aug. 27 

Plumber and Laundry Machine, 

516—Nov. 19 

Potters' Wages Advance, 516— 

Nov. 19 

Protecting Plumbing in Summer 

Homes, 404—Sept. 24 

Prove Your Merit by Meeting the 

Reading Reminding Responsibility Rush Sanitary —Sept. Emergency, Season, Engineering Customers, 3 and 154—July 538—Dec. 404—Sept. Opportunity, Society 154—July 30 3 24 Meet 320 30 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER December 31. 1920 

ing Place, 490—Nov. 5 

Set the Day and Send the Bill, 

346—Sept. 10 

Ship Ventiiation, 42—July 9 

The Peace and Good Will Season, 

602—Dec. 31 

Two Dollars Versus One, 490— 

Nov. 5 

Water Heaters, 602—Dec. 31 

What the Supply Meeting Heard, 

462—Oct. 22 

Will They Pay? 118—Julv 23 

Egan, Neal A., Are Plumbers To-day 

as Progressive as Twenty Years 

Ago? 101—July 23 

* Electricity or Water—Which? 563— 

Dec. 17 

Estimates: 

* Accurate Plumbing and Heating, 

585—Dec. 31 

Half Breed That Costs Money, 432 

—Oct. 8 

Eye Opener You Will Says Is Good, 

458—Oct. 22 

* Factories, Heating and Giving Modern 

a Ciimate, 484—Nov. 5; 

508—Nov. 19 

* Father Carries Coal that Exasperates 

Mother with Heat, 529—Dec. 3 

Fromm, G. A., Credits and Collections, 

390—Sept. 24 

* Fuller Work, Making Fool Proof, 

421—Oct. 8 

Gas, Useful Information About Natural 

and Artificial, 213—Aug. 13 

* Greenhouses, Making Over a Heating 

Job in, 8—July 2 

Groeniger, William C.: 

* History and ^volution of Bath 

Tubs, 332—Sept. 10 

Self Confidence and Nerve, 104— 

July 23 

H 

* Hack Saws, What You Can Expect 

of, 507—Nov. 19 

* Heaters: 

Gas Water, Father Carries Coal 

that Exasperates Mother with 

Heat, 529—Dec. 3 

* Water, 4—1 = 3, 589—Dec. 31 

Heating: 

* and Giving Modern Factory a 

C'imate, 484— Nov. 5; 508— 

Nov. 19 

* Guidance for Residence Work, 97 

—July 23; 174—Aug. 6; 277— 

Aug. 27; 598—Dec. 31 

* Homes of Polish City Used as 

Fuel, 10—July 2 

* Hot Water, New Treatment of, 

70—July 16; 146—July 30; 235 

—Aug. 20; 336—Sept. 10; 425 

—Oct. 8; 487—Nov. 5; 565— 

Dec. 17 

* Making Over a Greenhouse Job, 

8—July 2 

* Successful Combination Direct 

and Indirect System, 210—Aug. 

13 

* Warm in Winter—Cool in Summer, 

583—Dec. 31 

Heating Equipment, Fire Protection 

Measures for Installing, 147— 

July 30 

Heating Men, Technical School Training 

for, 365—Sept. 1? 

Highway Transportation Show Big 

Event, 564—Dec. 17 

Hoffman, Training James for D., Heating Technical Men, School 365 

-*»*r_h-SJit 17 

Hutton, William : 

Letters of a Plumber to His Helper, 

102—Tuly 23; 281—Aug. 27 

You Bet To-day's Plumber Is Progressive, 

333—Sept. 10 

Industrial Enterprises, Responsibility 

and Opportunity of Heads of, 

306—Sept. 3 

Information Exchange for Readers' 

Problems : 

Connecting Boiler to Heat Bathroom, 

41 —Tuly 9; *117—Julv 

23; *185—Aug. 6; * 215—Aug. 

13; * 283—Aug. 27; 345—Sept. 

10 

Copper Lining Gives Out, 461— 

Oct. 22; 539—Dec. 3 

Cracked Boiler Sections, 570—Dec. 

17; 601—Dec. 31 

* Hot Water without the Heat of 

a Kitchen Fire, 249—Aug. 20 

How Can Volume of Air Be Decreased? 

215—Aug. 13; 283— 

Aug. 27; 371—«ept. 17 

How Is Radiation Figured for 

Cellars? 371—Sept. 17 

* How Shall Damper Pe Arranged? 

13—July 2, 

* Imperfect Range Conditions, 539 

—Dec. 3 

Remedy Sought for Pipes Stopped 

by Deposit, 463—Oct. 22 

Removing Snow from Greenhouse 

Roofs, 601—Dec. 31 

Renewing a Deep Well Pump Pipe, 

488—Nov. 5 

Sink Waste Troubles. 4^7—Oct. 8; 

* 488—Nov. 5 ; 539—Dec. 3; 

*569—Dec. 17 

Troubles Experienced with Pumps, 

463—Oct. 22; 540—Dec. 3 

Trouble with Pipe Sweating, 79— 

July 16 

Trouble with Water Backs in 

Ranges, 515—Nov. 19; 569— 

Dec. 17; 601—Dec. 31 

* Valve Does Not Stnn Heating, 437 

—Oct. 8; 515—Nov. 19 

Wants Special Boiler Covering, 283 

—Aug. 27; 371—Sept. 17; 489 

Nov. 5; 540—Dec. 3 

Wants to Prevent Nickel Tarnishing, 

463—Oct. 22; 540—Dec. 3 

Water Pipes Sweat, 153—July 30 

Will Humidity Cause Rust? 79— 

July 16 K 

Insurance, Collecting Facts on Com 

* Kernan, pensation, Charles F., 217—Aug. Storage 13 Shed for 

11 .ernatiotial Pipe or Chamber Conduit, of 331—Sept. Commerce 10 

Established, 63—July 16 

* Leaks, Stop'em Before They Start, 

427—Oct. 8 

Legal Phases: 

More Oddities of Workmen's Compensation 

Law, 81—July 16 

Pro and Con of Cancelling Orders, 

285—Aug. 27 

Suits Against Railroads for Freight 

Delays Due to Congestion, 119 

—Tuly 23 

WJiat "the Words "In Full to Date" 

on a Check Amount to, 43— 

July 9 

Lost Labor Surplus, 549—Dec. 3 

Loughlin, Tames, J., Lost Labor Surplus, 

549—Dec. 3 

* Lynch, Tnhn, Simple Hot Water Supply 

for Farm House, 208—Aug. 

13

December 31, 1920 PLUMBER AND 

Save 60% 

on Your Radiator 

Hangers 

MADE OF WROUGHT IRON 

UNBREAKABLE 

CUTS LABOR COST,, IN TWO 

Write and save money 

A.H. JETER & CO., Inc. 

95 Webster Avenue 

LONG ISLAND CITY, N. Y. 

HARTMANN 

RADIATOR 

BRACKETS 

WH|YS 

LABOR SAVED 

NO WALL STRIPS 

NO BREAKAGE 

NO DIRT 

INEXPENSIVE 

Send for descriptive circular and price list 

CHARLES HARTMANN GO. 

SHEET METAL CONSTRUCTORS 

985 Dean St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Please mention PLUMBEE AND STEAM FITTER when you write. 

Next time you order 

Brass Pipe 

specify 

CRESCENT BRAND 

I 

F you don't you will pay the 

same price, but you may not 

['"get the highest quality. 

We make each piece of Crescent 

Brand brass pipe of the purest 

Virgin metals; draw it to uniform 

diameter and thickness; anneal 

it to a regular temper best suited 

for plumbing and steam work; 

then subject each pipe to internal 

hydrostatic pressure of 

1000 lbs. Every pipe is full 

weight. The walls are free from 

cracks or defects of any kind 

detrimental to strength. It will 

take a clean cut thread, assuring 

perfect thread-to-thread contact. 

The prices for such quality pipes 

are no higher than for many 

inferior grades. 

Let us send you our plumbers' 

price /,../ 

CONDENSER.© ENGINEERING CO. 

CARTERET, N.J. 

CRESCENT BRAND PIPE 

COPPER BRASS SPECIAL ALLOYS 

65

December 31, 1920 

M 

Mahon, W. A., Abuse Versus the Use 

of Motor Trucks, 536—Dec. 3 

Massachusetts Sanitary Club, Inspiring 

Meeting of, 517—Nov. 19 

Motor Trucks: 

Abuse Versus the Use of, 536 

—Dec. 3 

* As an Investment, 512—Nov. 19 

Important to Maintain Efficiency 

of, 246—Aug. 20 

* Murray, John A. Company, Incorporates, 

535—Dec. 3 

N 

Nash, C. B., Next Step in Sanitation 

Work, 400—Sept. 24 

National Trade Extension Bureau : 

Activities of, 274—Aug. 27 

Field Representatives Take to 

Road, 486—Nov. 5 

Niagara Falls of Business Information, 

442—Oct. 8 

Reputation Doesn't Happen—It Is 

Built, 534—Dec. 3 

* Nine Men on the Job, One Working—What 

Happens? 479—Nov. 

O 

Obituaries: 

Allen, John R., 491—Nov. 5 

Boatenreiter, Charles B., 574—Dec. 

17 

Brady, Philip, 449—Oct. 8 

Bronaugh, W. L., 194—Aug. 6 

Carrigan, Peter E, 21—Juiy 2 

Cragin, Alger A., 519—Nov. 19 

Donnelly, Michael J., 519—Nov. 19 

Duffy, M. J., 497—Nov. 5 

Eichel, Edwin A., 224— Aug. 13 

Fairbanks, Edward, 575—Dec. 17 

Gause, Bernard, 195—Aug. 6 

Grey, John, 91—July 16 

Hutchinson, Benjamin, H. P., 58— 

July 9 

Kent, George J., 294—Aug 27 

Kimball, Richard D., 507—Nov. 19 

Limbert, George B., 452—Oct. 22 

Manney, Thomas E., 498—Nov. 5 

Mendall, Walter A., 130—July 23 

Nash, Daniel F., 520—Nov. 19 

Nutter, Matthew H., 525—Nov. 19 

Randolph, Isham, 225—Aug. 13 

Shields, John T., 91—July 16 

Walworth, Arthur C, 21—July 2 

Wilkinson, Andrew E., 522—Nov. 

19 

Wolff, John F, 471—Oct. 22 

Overhead Expense, Include in Wage 

Charge, 214—Aug. 13 

•Parker, Edward E., New Treatment 

of Hot Water Heating, 70— 

July 16 146—July 30; 235— 

Aug. 20; 336—Sept. 10; 425— 

Oct. 8; 487—Nov. 5; 565—Dec. 

17 

* Parks, F. N., Information on Method 

of Repairing Pumps, 207—Aug. 

13 

Path That Leads to Money in the 

Bank, * 302—Sept. 3; * 329— 

Sept. 10; * 359—Sept. 17;—389 

Sept. 24; 433—Oct. 8; * 452— 

Oct. 15 

* Pipe, Scale-Free—What It Is— 

How It Is Made, 595—Dec. 

31 

* Pipe Machine, Pertinent Facts on 

Power, 482—Nov. 5 

* Piping, English Idea of Drain, 231— 

Aug. 20 

P L U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER 

Plumbers: 

Are Progressive To-day as Twenty 

Years Ago? 101—July 2i 

Effects of Standardization on 

Small, 335—Sept. 10 370—Sept 

17 480—Nov. 5 

Letters of a to His Helper, 102— 

July 23 ; 281—Aug. 27 

You Bet To-day's Is Progressive 

333—Sept. 10 

Plumiiing : 

And Epidemic Prevention in 

Europe, 209—Aug. 13 

Modern Work in the Skyscraper 

429—Oct. 8; 454— Oct. 22 

* Solving a Factorv Wash Room 

Problem, 533—Dec. 3 

* Warm Weather Practice 142— 

July 30 

* Plumbing Displays, Big Show, Free 

Tickets, 505—Nov. 19 

* Plumbing Sales, Speeding up Fall 

Supply, 477—Nov. 5 

Plumbing Secretaries, National Conference 

of, 280—Aug. 27 

* Plumbing Trade, Respect for Essential 

for Its Success, 510—Nov. 

19 

Portraits: 

Allen, Tohn R., 491—Nov. 5 

Beck, William F., 537—Dec. 3 

Brown, Isaac, J., 46c—July 9 

Evans, Toseph F., 467—Oct. 22 

Farrel, Harry J., 537—Dec. 3 

Gause, Bernard, 195—Aug. 6 

Groeniger, William C, 405—Sept. 

24; 479—Nov. 5 

Hoffman, James, D., 365—Sept. 17 

Maddocks, A. M., 467—Oct. 22 

Murray, John A., 535—Dec. 3 

Sanborn, E. W., 45—July 9 

Timmis, Walter S., 541—Dec. 3 

Whitaker, John F., 158—July 30 

Woolley, William J., 469—Oct. 22 

Power: 

* Assisted bv Air Overcomes 

Troubles, '559—Dec. 17 

* Required for Pumping, How to 

Determine, 592—Dec. 31 

Profit: 

* Big Room for You to Get, 527— 

Dec. 3 

* Vital, the Vanishing Point of, 

456—Oct. 22 

* Waiting Time Can Be Turned 

to Dollar, 530—Dec. 3 

Public Health, Administration of in 

Ohio, 69—July 16 

* Pumps, 

* How to Determine Power Required 

for, 592—Dec. 31 

R 

Method of Repairing, 207—Aug. 13 

* Power Assisted by Air Over 

Relation comes of the Trouble, Public to 559—Dec. the Worker, 17 

150—July 30 

R8putation Doesn't Happen—It Is 

Built, 534—Dec. 3 

Research Work, on House Drainage 

Systems, 6—July 2 

Residences, Ohio, Warm in Winter— 

Cool in Summer, 583—Dec. 31 

* Residence Work, Heating Guidance 

for. 97—Julv 23; 174—Aug. 6; 

277—Aug. "27; 598—Dec. 31 

Sanitary Engineers, Value of the Trade 

Evolution of Sanitary Ideas and 

Needs, 560—Dec. 17 

Press to the, 369—Sept. 17 

Sanitation : 

W 

* In English Farm Buildings, 171 — 

Aug. 6 

The Next Step in the Work, 400— 

Sept. 24 

* Ships, Are Properly Ventilated? 35 

-July 9 

Shops, Requirements for a Sanitary 

and Healthful, 247—Aug. 20 

* Shop Owners, How They May Learn 

to Buy and Manage Better, 

434—Oct. 8 

Showrooms: 

* Big Room For You to Get a 

Profit, 527—Dec. 3 

* Big Show—Free Tickets, 505— 

Nov. 19 

* Skyscrapers, Modern Plumbing Work 

in, 429—Oct. 8; 454—Oct. 22 

Smith, Aden E., Administration of 

Public Health in Ohio, 69— 

July 16 

* Solvent, Prevention, "Two Pounds to 

the Can," 453—Oct. 22 

Standardization, Effect of on Small 

Plumbers, 335—Sept. 10; 370— 

Sept. 17; 480—Nov. 5 

•Stoddard, W. B„ Speeding Up Fall 

Plumbing Supply Sales, 477— 

Nov. 5 

* Storage Shed for Pipe Conduit, 331 

—Sept. 10 

* Tests, Batting Average of 999.9, 

Made in War, Continued in 

Peace, 459—Oct. 22 

Tools, Books as, 44—July 9 

Trade; 

America Must Buy Abroad to 

Prosper, 11—July 2 

Conditions in Argentina and Boliva, 

114— July 23 

Foreign Solution for Future Prosperity, 

38—July 9 

Trade Press, Value of to the Sanitary- 

Engineer, 369—Sept. 17 

Transportation Facilities, When New 

York's Were Blocked, 187— 

Aug. 6 V 

* Ventilation, Are Ships Properly Ventilated? 

35—July 9 

Vocational Training, Technical School 

for Heating Men, 365—Sept. 17 

W 

* Washing Machines, 

* Electricity or Water—Which? 

563—Dec. 17 

Help the Housewife Solve Wash 

Day Problem, 503—Nov. 19 

* Washrooms, Solving Factory Problem, 

533—Dec. 3 

Water Supplv 

* Frost-Proofing the, 143—July 30 

•Keeping Them on the Farm, 511 

—Nov. 19 

• Simple Hot for Farm House, 208 

—Aug. 13 

• Welding, Oxweld Engineers Solve 

Interesting Contracting Problem, 

510—Nov. 19 

Williams, Hamp, Trade with Your 

Local Merchant—It Pays, 275— 

Aug. 27 

* Window Displays, 

* I think Good Pay—D. H. Kelly— 

557—Dec. 17 

Speeding Up Fall Plumbing Supplv 

Sale-, 477—Nov. 5 

Wrought Term, Pipe, 532—Dec. Disapproval 3 

of Trade

68 

P L U M B E R A N D S T E A M F I T T E R 

December 31. 1920 

WHERE TO BUY 

These pages will tell the reader where he can buy. They list all manufacturers and distributors 

using the advertising pages of this journal at least once every month Addresses may readily be 

S e d by turning to the alphabetical Index to Advertisers as noted at the foot of these pages, 

and then turning to the advertisement in this or one of the recent issues. 

Air Washing Apparatus 

Buffalo Forge Co. 

Ball Cocks 

Central Brass Mfg. Co. 

Frost Mfg. Co. 

Morency-Van Buren Co. 

N. O. Nelson Mfg. Co. 

Rundle-Spence Mfg. Co. 

Trenton Brass __ Machine Co. 

Wolverine Brass Works 

Bath Fittings 



Morency-Van Buren Co. 



Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co. 

Street & Kent Mfg. Co. 

Trenton Brass & Machine Co. 


Bath Tubs 

Kohler Co. 




Wolff Mfg. Co. 

Blowers and Exhausters 


Wing, L- J., Mfg. Co. 

Boilers, Combined Range & Gas 

Water Heater 

Bastian-Morley Co. 

Boiler Compound 

Economy Scale Remover Co. 

Shur-Tite Mfg. Co. 

X Labaratories 

Boilers, Heating 


Hamburg Boiler Works 

Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. 

Corp. 

Smith, H. B., Co. 

Boilers, Power 


Boiler, Range 

Dahlquist Mfg. Co. 

Detroit Range Boiler & Steel 

Barrel Co. 

Gerstein Bros. & Cooper Co. 



Koven, L. O., & Co. 

Trageser, John, Steam Copper 

Works 

Books 

U. P. C. Book Co. 

Brass Goods and Fittings 



Kinsey & Mahler Co. 

Morency-Van Buren Mfg. Co. 

National Tube Co. 






Brasiers, Gasoline 

Clayton & Lambert Mfg. Co 

Cabinets, Medicine 

Hess Warming & Vent. Co. 

Castings, Iron and Steel 

Illinois Malleable Iron Co. 

Duriron Co. 

Cellar Drainers 

Blake Specialty Co. 

Compound Injector & Specialty 

Co. 

Economy Pumping Machinery 

Co. 

Cesspools, Brass 


Chain Pipe Vises 

Williams, J. H., & Co. 

Closet Flanges 

Groeninger, W. C. Co. 

Closet Tank Fittings 

Ayling & Reichert Co. 



Morency-Van Buren Mfg Co. 



Cocks, Gas and Steam 

Kinsey __ Mahler Co. 

Copper Pipe, Seamless 

Wheeler Condenser & 

Engineering Co. 

Coppersmiths 

Gerstein Bros. & Cooper 

Damper Regulators 

Wing, L J. Mfg. Co. 

Drains 


Josam Mfg. Co. 

Drills 


Starrett, L- S., Co. 

Drinking Fountains 




Drop Forgings 

Bliss, E. W., & Co. 


Dust Collectors 


Exhausters 

Wing, L. J., Mfg. Co. 

Exhaust Fans 

(See Blowers) 

Fans Exhaust and Ventilating 

Wing, L. J., Mfg. Co. 

Fire Pots, Gasoline & Kerosene 

Bernz, Otto 

Clayton & Lambert Mfg. Co. 

Double Blast Mfg. Co. 

Flag Poles. Tubular 


Floats, Tank 

Ayling & Reichert Co. 

Furnaces, Pipeless 

Co-operative Foundry Co. 

Majestic Co. 

Gasoline Engines 

Flint & Walling Mfg. Co. 

Gasoline Tanks 


Works 

Grease Traps 

Compound Injector & 

Specialty Co. 

Hack Saws 

Starrett, L- S., Co. 

Heaters, Automatic Water 

American Heater Co. 

Bastian-Morley Co. 

Heater Attachments, Automatic 

Control for 

Ryan, B., Co. 

Heating and Ventilating Apparatus 


Heatings Systems 

Haynes Selling Co. 

Humidifiers 


Injectors, Compound Automatic 

Compound Injector & Specialty 

Co. 

Iron Pipe Couplings 

Crane Co. 

Lavatories 

Kohler Co. 





Lead, Caulking 

Eagle Picher Lead Co. 

Levers Closet Tank 




Packing Sheet 

Jenkins Bros. 

Paint 

Barrett Co., The 

Pipe and Fittings 

Crane Co. 





Pipe Bending Machines 

Martin, H. P., & Sons 

Pipe Covering 

Wyckoff, A., & Son Co. 

Pipe Cutting and Threadng 

Tools and Machines 

Armstrong Mfg. Co. 

Borden Co. 

Curtis & Curtis Co. 

Merrell Mfg. Co. 

Saunders. D., Sons 

Toledo Pipe Threading Mach. 

Co. 

Pipe, Lead 


Pipe, Acid Resisting 

Duriron Co. 

Pirje, Soil, Cast Iron 

Crane Co. 

Duriron Co. 



Weiskittel, A., & Son Co. 

Pipe, Seamless Brass & Copper 

Wheeler Condenser and Engineering 

Co. 

Pipe, Steel 

Crane Co. 


Pipe Wrenches, Chain 

(See Wrenches. Pipe) 

Plumbers' Tools, Specialties and 

Supplies 


Kinsey & Mahler Co. 


N. O. Nelson Mfg, Co. 


Corp. 

Products Corp. 

I-imdle-Spence Mfg. Co. 



Co. 

Trenton Brass & Mach. Co. 




Pumps, Cistern, Well and 

Windmill 


Radiator Hangers 

Hartmann, Chas., Co. 

Jeter, A. H., Co. 

Radiators, Steam and Hot Watei 

Hartmann, Chas., Co. 


Co. 

Smith, H. B., Co. 

Please mention PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER when you write. 

Roof Flanges 

Barrett Co. 

Bullard Specialty Co. 

Eagle Picher Lead Co 

Runners, Lead 

Wilkins, G. H., Co. 

Schools 

Cleveland Engineering Inst. 

St. Louis Tecnical Institute 

Scrap Metal Buyers 

Hartman, Ingot Metal Co. 

Shampoo Fixtures 





Shower Baths 

Crane Co. 

Kohler Co. 




Sinks 

Kohler Co. 




Soil Pipe and Fittings 


Duriron Co. 

Estabrook's, R.. Sons Co. 



Solder 

Allen, L. B. Co., Inc. 


Soldering Furnaces 

Bernz, Otto, Co. 

Clayton & Lambert Mfg. Co. 

Soot Destroyer 

Utility Produrt Co. 

Steam and Gas Fitters' Supplies 

Crane Co. 



Williams, J. H., Co. 

Steam and Gas Fitters' Tools 

Curtis & Curtis Co. 

Saunders. D., Sons 


Co. 

Steam Pipe Casing 

Wyckoff, A., & Son Co. 

Steel Stamps and Stencils 

Schwerdtle Stamp Co. 

Stoppers 


Stove Repairs 

Marcy Stove Repair Co. 

Stove Repair Corp. 

Stoves and Ranges 

Co-operative Foundry Co. 

Graff Furnace Co. 

Stoves and Ranges, Gas 

Weiskittel, A., & Son Co. 

Tanks, Expansion 

Horigan Supply Co. 


Works 

Tanks, Closet 

Kohler Co. 




Tanks, Hot Water 


Koven, L. O., & Bro. 

Patterson-Kelley Co. 

Tanks, Pneumatic 


Thcrmoflash 

B. Ryan Co.

Metal Worker 

Plumber & Steam Fitter 

The Magazine for 

The Combination Shop 

NEW YORK JULY 2, 1920 Copyright 1920 by the Architectural 

and Building Press, Inc. 

A 

Views of an English Contractor 

on the Possibilities and Popularity 

VOLUME 94, No. 1 

More Furnace Trade Abroad? 

American Manufacturers and Heating Contractors 

Should Give Their Views on Points Raised 

GREAT deal of interest will doubtless be 

taken in the following letter from F. A. 

Norris & Co., 11-12 St. Andrews Hill, Queen 

Victoria Street, London, England, whose comment on 

furnace heating is candid if not complimentary. 

It seems evident that the furnaces which have been 

used and the method of installation have left something 

to be desired and opportunity is afforded by 

the conditions reported for American manufacturers 

to make those recommendations which can effect the 

necessary changes to create a popularity that will be 

followed by a demand. 

London, May 37th, 1920. 

The Editor, 

Metal Worker, Plumber and Steam Fitter, 

343 West Thirtv-ninth Street, 

New York City, U. S. A. 

Dear Sir: 

We have read with interest your article by "More Trade"' 

in the April 23 issue of your paper, on the possibility of 

introducing furnace heating into this country. 

As you are doubtless aware the most widely adopted 

method here is low pressure hot water, more especially 

for residence work. In the larger buildings direct steam 

heating on plenum installations are occassionally installed. 

We are afraid that there would be a great deal of prejudice 

in this country against the use of warm-air furnaces 

for warming private houses, but we should certainly like 

to have your view of this method of warming. 

It was our practice many years ago to install warm-air 

furnaces for heating churches, but in recent years we have 

entirely discontinued this method of warming and have 

substituted low pressure hot water heating. The difficulties 

we experienced even in church work was that the ducts 

eventually became choked with dust and dirt, thus leading 

somewhat to a vitiated atmosphere in the building. 

If warm-air furnaces were installed in this country, it 

would be necessary to insure that no dust should enter the 

rooms even when the furnaces are first lighted and we 

shall be interested to know how this difficulty is overcome. 

We recognize, of course, that a furnace is probably more 

economical than an open fire. At the same time we think 

the average Englishmen would prefer the open fire to 

a method of warming which would be likely to convey 

dust and dirt to the rooms and provide an unhealthy 

atmosphere. 

You will, of course, recognize also that in this country 

we are dealing with different atmospheric conditions. A 

mild atmosphere only is required in bedrooms, and 55 deg. 

Fahr. would be the maximum temperature, and in living 

rooms 60 to 62 deg. Fahr. These temperatures, of course, 

could be easily maintained and regulated by means of 

radiators, but would this apply to a furnace? 

As stated we have had considerable experience in all 

classes of warming and from our experiences cannot say 

that warm air has ever appealed to any extent to our 

customers. We should very much like, however, to have 

your views, and probably those of some of the manufacturers. 

Trusting to hear from you at your convenience. 

We are, dear sir, 

Yours faithfully, 

(Signed) F. A. NORRIS & CO. 

It is the American furnace manufacturers and 

heating contractors who should give their experience 

and views in response to the request in the last paragraph. 

Here is a field that is hesitating and to 

be developed needs light on the best practice. 

There is a splendid opportunity for the true 

friends of furnace heating to present their experience 

to show that the matters that have deterred this 

house from taking up furnace heating are not the 

natural result of its adoption. The space required 

will be provided for the publication of anything that 

will aid in building up a trade and prestige abroad 

for one of the popular methods of heating American 

houses. Such information should be furnished us for 

publication as well as sent to this firm so that all the 

foreign heating contractors may gather the courage 

to use a quite generally accepted method of heating 

houses in this country. 

Our response to the request may well be supplemented 

by men who have specialized in this field 

and from continual contact with it are better qualified 

to handle the subject authoritatively. 

VaKAdult 

cop.

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 2, 1920 

Reference to our issues of Jan. 2 and April 30 

will show the fine types of American home in which 

furnaces are used to insure comfort in winter. They 

indicate that their owners were not influenced by the 

cost of the outfit and were doubtless quite exacting 

about the cleanliness of their homes. 

This is evidence that dust and dirt are not necessarily 

a feature for consideration but an incident 

attending all indirect systems of heating. 

Provision for the avoidance of dust in districts 

where the air is contaminated with soot and smoke have 

been equal to necessity and yet their description and 

illustration may well be given to aid this firm which 

is seeking information. It is by no means uncommon 

to erect the piping so that it can be readily taken 

down and cleaned. There are furnaces so made that 

nothing from the fire ever enters the air heating 

passages. 

It is quite possible that the criticism is rather 

severe compared with the unavoidable dust attending 

the use of an open fire. So far as the effect upon 

health is concerned it has been demonstrated by long 

lived Americans that there is nothing detrimental 

about furnace lieating. A furnace that gives any 

other evidence than a moving current of warm air 

from the register that a fire has been started is a 

reflection on the heating contractor who selected one 

of the cheap and faulty types instead of a reflection 

on the method of heating. 

It is a matter of record that there is an industry 

here in manufacturing furnaces. Some concerns confine 

their production to a high class of construction 

which in service is free from any cause for complaint 

along the line suggested. There are 

Furnaces furnace heating systems in a large per- 

Used in centage of the finest houses in the 

Larger country and often they include four or 

Residences five furnaces to heat the rambling plan 

of the larger and more pretentious 

type of building. 

That a furnace is well adapted to low cost homes 

is demonstrated by their extensive use for heating. 

That the furnace could well be a better type and the 

installation could be improved to avoid even a "-enerous 

criticism cannot be denied. Such an outfit 

should never be sent abroad under false pretenses but 

only under its true colors of cheapness. 

It is a matter of fact, however, that even such outfits 

have continued in demand, though their influence 

is often detrimental to the work that men of such 

practice do in homes where better practice is desired 

and expected. 

Our response is now before the field at home and 

abroad and, whether f>ood or short of what it should 

be, it is something intended to be helpful to the English 

inquirer and to be suggestive to furnace industry 

of what it can best supply to meet the important 

questions more fully. It is worthy of some effort on 

the part of the manufacturers who are most interested 

to give that information which not only would 

be invaluable abroad but uplifting and inspiring at 

home. 

Our invitation to use our columns for the purpose 

i.s repeated as the use will insure a wide effect for 

the instructive effort that should be expended. 

Selling Furnaces to Women 

Remember always that the wife spends more time 

in the house than the man and therefore things 

which might seem details to a man are highly important 

to her. 

This conclusion was reached by a wise dealer in 

Northern Wisconsin who has been selling Gilt Edge 

furnances for 15 years. And in view of this dealer's 

success his words are well worth listening to and, 

having been presented in Gilt Edgings, issued by 

R. J. Schwab & Sons Co., Milwaukee, are represented 

here. 

For example, he says, in selling a Gilt Edge furnace 

to a woman, lay emphasis on the fact that smoke 

does not back up through the registers, because she 

will not tolerate smoke. To a man a little smoke 

means only temporary discomfort, but a woman 

knows what it does to wall paper and curtains. 

Point out how little attention it requires, as no 

woman wants to drop her housework in order to run 

down cellar and "fix the furnace". Neither does she 

want a furnace that is going to overheat the cellar 

and spoil her fruit and vegetables, so it is worth 

while stressing the fact that the Gilt Edge furnace 

develops heat that goes into the registers, where 

it belongs, instead of radiating through the cellar. 

These are only a few of the points which this 

dealer brought out in a brief conversation. He summed 

it all up by saying that where a woman is concerned 

one should not dwell on mechanical construction, 

for they are not usually mechanically inclined, 

but rather upon the results secured through these 

structural features They are not much interested in 

how a furnace is made as in what it will do. 

Finally, Gilt Edge durability is an important point 

to emphasize. As has been mentioned, the wife has 

to remain in the house a good part of her time and 

naturally she has a horror of a cold house while the 

furnace is closed down for repairs. Especially is 

this true when there are small children in the house. 

Convince a woman that the Gilt Edge is built for 

steady service and does not get out of order and you 

have gone a long way toward closing the sale. 

A High Tribute Paid to Us 

L. N. HOOVER 

Hardware 

Stoves, Tin and Enameled Ware 

Metal Worker, Plumber & Steam Fitter, 

New York. 

Dear Sirs: 

nronri ? Pr 7 tiCe . oy • at the a *? e of sixteen vears to 

Proprietor of an extensive contracting business in the allied 

•n -I"" 1 '" g . Sheet metal and steam fitting,' in which 

business it has always been of great practical advantage 

to me vocering a period of nearly fifty years, I ha ve bee_ 

a reader and subscriber to METAL WORKER, __..MDFR AKD 

STFAM F.TTF.R and today with mv larger responsibilitSs 

and multitude of duties and interests, I g ,et fiXTepap-r 

of just as much interest as when a mere boy I faithfuUstudied 

,t for the practical instruction it gave me 

I feel that there is no money that is better spent than 

Yours very truly, 

the subscription of METAL WORKER, PLUMBFR AX„ L " 

F.TTER, and it with much pleasure 

(Signed) 

that I enclosechect 

L. N. He 

%

IITLY 2, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 3 

It Can Be Given New Prestige and Impetus 

By Methods in Common Use in Other Fields 

Will Sheet Metal Men Drive Their In 

By Frank K. Qhe r w 

T H E R E is one purpose on which .ill who are loyal 

to the industry from which they derive their 

subsistence can unite and that is to show its best 

productions so as to create a public interest. Some 

of the things that should be done have been so persistently 

and frequently offered that it seems useless 

to present them again. That verj r activity, however, 

is like plowing the ground, harrowing it, cultivating 

it and rolling it before the final seeding is made from 

which the harvest is reaped. 

Here Are Some of the Things to Do.— 

Will You Start Doing Them Now? 

The farmer who is not succesful is never discouraged 

in having to use the hoe after he has plowed, 

harrowed and cultivated if the use of the hoe 

will loosen the soil and insure that the seed will take 

so that the harvest may eventually be reaped. Many 

sheet metal workers take pride in their handicraft 

and skill, but have failed to realize that a time has 

been reached in their business career when they are 

no longer craftsmen but are rather under the responsibility 

of seeing that those who need the products of 

their skill and craft are made aware of it then. They 

should realize that a new duty has befallen them to 

secure the attention of the prospective customer so 

as to make him a certain buyer of their product. This 

means a campaign of education which is always 

laborious, expensive and seldom as fruitful as would 

be more encouraging to those who must engage in it. 

There is an old injunction that we must never 

grow weary in well doing and it is well to keep that 

in mind when anything worth having is being sought. 

Just remember there is a good deal of back breaking 

work in getting the gold nugget out of the ground 

and in panning the pay dirt to separate the grains 

of gold. 

In almost all associations of sheet metal contractors 

and in every field where sheet metal men congregate, 

there are those who by natural taste 

How Shall are readers. There is little in print 

the Educa- in their particular field that escapes 

tional Work their attention. Some of them have 

Be Done clippings of particular value which 

they have cut out of their papers and 

magazines for reference. 

These men should be appointed on a committee 

so that at each meeting of the association or each 

gathering of the bidders for given work where the 

blue-prints and specifications are open for the purpose, 

they may call to attention the things they have 

read which the other fellows should read but have 

• Read before Baltimore Sheet Metal Workers' Association, May 

27, 1920, and the National Association of Sheet Metal Contractors, 

Peoria, 111., June 2-11. 

neglected through lack of establishing the reading 

habit. If in the regular association there were handed 

up to the secretary's desk at every meeting night 

a list of the things which the sheet metal contractor 

should read, many suffering from lack of information 

afforded by their papers would go home and glean it. 

They could use this information for providing better 

for their families, for doing better work for their 

customers and for securing a better prestige and 

reputation for themselves and for a general uplift to 

the industry that would be far reaching in its influence 

for good. Has your association such a trade press 

committee? If the committee should recommend that 

the members read the article "One Big Influence for 

Good Roofing," in METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

STEAM FITTER for May 7; "The Method of Developing 

the Patterns for and Ornamental Church Cross," 

in the American Artisan of May 15; the article on 

"Sheet Metal, Price, Production and Delivery," in 

METAL WORKER AND STEAM FITTER of May 21; the 

article on "Theory and Practice of Welding Sheet 

Metal Work," in Sheet Metal of May; and the article 

on "Laying Out Patterns for A Curved Rectangular 

Twisted Compound Elbow," in METAL WORKER, 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER of May 28, will any 

one question the assertion that some matter will be 

brought to the attention of a member that will be of 

great importance to him ? 

There is another point in this reading business. 

Have you ever found the man who was a careful 

reader of his trade paper to be that character of competitor 

who always makes a low price and is a hard 

man to meet in competition? In your observation of 

men have you not learned that the man who is a 

reader is a leader? Are the officers of your association 

readers or not? It is worth while to look into 

this matter of reading to see whether or not you are 

reading as much as you should. 

Most men who conduct shops of considerable size 

have several different men devoted to different work 

their employ. When their paper is 

How to delivered by the postman, they should 

Read Your give it five minutes. They should 

Trade mark one article for Bill who looks 

Paper after all of the skylight work, another 

article for Tom who is the roofing 

expert, and another article for Sam who is the cornice 

man. And, if need be or there is occasion for it, 

another for Williani the blower piping expert. 

These men should be instructed to make their 

comments on the article on a piece of paper and pin 

it fast to the page so that if the practice recommended

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

is better than that of the shop, changes can be made 

to use it. If the shop practice is better, the proprietor 

will confer a favor on all the trade if he 

will write to the editor and say what the practice in 

his shop is and that he is constrained to do so as 

the result of reading a given article. 

What would be the effect of such an expenditure 

of five minutes and the writing of such letters? Would 

it be beneficial to the industry or not? 

Then, if somebody in the office cut these pages out 

of the paper and filed them under appropriate headings 

where they could be secured when needed, would 

it not save the time of some fellow in the shop who 

is called upon to do a line of work with which he is 

not specially familiar? If he could go into the file 

and pull out 25 or 100 clippings and go over them 

and refresh his memory or qualify himself for the 

special work he is called on to do, would that not be 

better than having all the papers in a pile where it 

would be impossible to find anything? 

A pasteboard file used for filing letters, but of 

double the usual size, could be used for a starter, and 

a.s the compartments became filled with clippings on 

pattern cutting, on shop practice, on estimating, on 

overhead expense, or what not, they should overflow 

from one file to a second file, and so on until the man 

had clippings that would make the best possible 

consulting engineer. 

That is how to use your trade paper .and how to 

read the trade paper and what to do with it after it 

has been read and used so that it will be available for 

ready reference at a time when it is most necessary. 

This, so far, has all been for the 

Pictures H in man. Now how about doing some- 

Altenhon thing for the man and the industry 

and Convince at the same time? It has been 

suggested frequently that photographs 

are indispensable to a progressive business. 

All of the larger shops in the larger cities have 

photographs of their fine work. They have photographs 

of the buildings. They have photographs of 

the cornices, the skylights, the domes and the other 

interesting features of sheet metal work which they 

have done. They have photographs of the blower 

piping that they have installed for the heating and 

ventilating of a large factory building. They have 

photographs in the factory where the piping takes 

away the dust from a host of machines or removes 

the fumes from the vats used in a manufacturing establishment. 

But too many of the trade have no 

photographs whatever. Is it not time that the trade 

generally began collecting photographs that would 

convince the architect and his client when they are 

displayed? In METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

STEAM FITTER of January 2 of this year, on Page 21, 

there was presented a questionnaire that asked pertinent 

questions of both the sheet metal specialist and 

the furnace specialist. The questions were asked 

"What would be the effect in sheet metal contracting 

circles in the United States if more pictures were 

shown of good and notable work? Would it be inspiring; 

would it lift some out of discouragement? 

Would architects and builders be impressed? Would 

it help the industry? Would anybody be hurt by it? 

Would such pictures help the architects and builders 

to use more sheet metal on their buildings ? Would 

the information derived in asking these questions help 

JULV 2, 1920 

vou when working on a hard customer by giving you 

a better command of vour resources to convince him? 

Would it assist you in selling a prospective customer 

to show him that your work was sufficiently good and 

original to warrant its description and illustration In 

your leading trade paper?" 

That questionnaire has been widely used and attracted 

a good deal of attention in the trade, but it 

has not brought the answers or the information that 

could have been used to a very good advantage for the 

benefit of the whole trade. The purpose, however, 

was accomplished when the questionnaire, first used 

in the Michigan Association of Sheet Metal Contractors 

and later in our own paper, attracted a great 

deal of attention throughout the entire country. 

Would it be a good idea if the as- 

Association File sociation headquarters had a file in 

and Picture which the clippings of the trade 

Portfolio papers were gathered for the benefit 

of the whole association ? Would 

there be any benefit in it if the local association headquarters 

had photographs of various kinds of sheet 

metal work hung on its walls and had portfolios containing 

pictures of sheet metal work done by its 

members that could be utilized by the members for 

selling to architects, builders, property owners or 

others? Then would it not be a good idea to start in 

doing some of these things that have been suggested? 

Doubtless your association has had different speakers 

come before it to discuss various subjects, but 

have you ever invited some man from the bank to 

tell you something of what the business man must do 

to get money to discount his bills and to finance a big 

piece of work? It would be worth while to hear the 

right kind of banking officer discuss this matter for 

the benefit of tradesmen in whom he had a kindly interest 

and a desire for general welfare. 

This is only a suggestion that the school teacher, 

the minister, the engineer in some industrial plant, or 

some efficiency expert might well talk for a half an 

hour to an hour at some of the meetings of the association 

to show the members something of the trend of 

practice in other fields. Have you ever appointed a 

committee from your association to sit with the 

Chamber of Commerce of your city or with the Board 

of Trade so as to know what is going on and bring 

back to you the best thoughts of the leading business 

men in your town ? 

There is a very positive advantage in meetings of 

tradesmen. They soon find out what the other fellow 

knows, how they can help one another and how without 

each other's help many successes that they achieve 

could not be enjoyed. 

The sooner that the tradesmen in any center make 

a practice of being courteous and agreeable to one another, 

the sooner they will all enjoy a greater measure 

of prosperity. The narrow minded attitude 

characteristic of former days has no place in this age 

of the co-operative spirit, when there is a feeling that 

we must help, not only the unfortunates of Europe, 

but the people at home, if the highest functions of 

our lives are realized. 

It simply means to put into practice the Golden 

fcule, and it is a matter of observation that the Golden 

Rule practiced by the man who is ambitious and 

honest leads to both earthly prosperity and a relation

JULY 2, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 5 

with his fellowmen that is equally invaluable to his 

enjoyment of life. 

At the beginning of this article is the statement 

"Here are some of the things to do," and the question 

"Will you start doing some of them?" It seems that 

they will make as good a closing as they did an opening. 

Here are sufficient specifications to start driving 

the industry. 

World's Need For Galvanized Sheets 

An interesting feature of American steel export 

trade since the war "has been the movement in galvanized 

sheets. A constant expansion has been in 

progress until for 1919 these exports exceeded the 

1913 outgo by over 33 per cent or 101,600 gross 

tons as against 71,200 tons. The 1919 r&te of 8500 

tons per month is still being maintained. The heaviest 

buyers are the South American countries, Canada, 

Australia and Japan in the order mentioned. 

Ill 1919 South America took about 17 per cent of 

the total exports, Canada about the same and Japan 

about 15.5 per cent. 

British exports of galvanized sheets, only 736 

tons per month in 1918, increased in 1919 to 15,500 

tons per month and in the first quarter of this year 

were 33,280 tons per month. Before the war Great 

Britain was the largest exporter of sheets, the outgo 

for 1913 having been 63,600 tons per month. 

The world demand for galvanized sheets is very 

heavy. In 1913 839,255 tons, or 70,000 tons per 

month, represented the combined -British and American 

exports. These same exports amounted to only 

69,500 tons in 1918. Last year they were 287,700 

tons or still about one-third of the pre-war exports. 

When one considers the reduced operations of continental 

Europe in the manufacture of sheets, the 

facts spell unmistakably a world demand for American 

and British galvanized sheets of large proportions 

for some years to come and a certain activity 

in the foreign American zinc trade as well. 

Construction Started on Sheet Mill at 

Indianapolis 

Construction has started on the new four-mill sheet 

plant which is being erected by the Chapman-Price 

Steel Co. on a 50-acre site on the outskirts of Indianapolis, 

with Pennsylvania railroad frontage. Equipment 

contracts have been awarded. Work will be 

pushed to completion and it is expected production 

will commence late in the fall. The plant will have 

galvanizing equipment and will include a fabricating 

unit. It represents the initial sheet-producing 

capacity in the Indianapolis territory and is being 

fully financed by Indianapolis interests. 

The output of the sheet mills will consist of black 

and galvanized sheets, while the fabricating plant 

will produce gutters, troughs, eve spouts and other 

kindred sheet metal products. Whether any sheet 

capacity will be available for the market will depend 

upon demand for the fabricated production of the 

company. The new plant will replace a works operaled 

for many years by the old Chapman Steel Co., 

a fabricating interest which purchased its sheet requirements, 

and whose property was destroyed by 

(Ire in March. Following the fire, the company was 

reorganized under the name of th_ Chapman-Price 

Steel Co., with a capitalization of $1,500,000 divided 

into $1,000,000 of common and $500,000 of preferred 

All of the coninon lias been issued and about half 

of the preferred, proceeds being used in part for 

construction purposes. 

Officers of the company are Niles Chapman, president 

and treasurer; L. H. Price, vice-president and 

sales manager; J. J. Beck, vice president in charge 

of mills and the galvanizing department. Lief Lee, 

consulting engineer of Younsstown, Ohio. 906 Wick 

Building, is handling the engineering work for the 

company. Mr. Beck is now superintendent of sheet 

mills of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. at its East 

Youngstown works. Edward S. Plott, turn foreman 

for the Sheet & Tube company, will be superintendent 

of mills of the Chapman-Price company. 

The company will have an annual productive capacity 

of 24,000 tons of sheet steel, and will employ 350 

men. Work of building up on operating organization 

is now going forward. 

The plant will consist of four main buildings including 

the principal structure to liouse the mills, 

which will be 85 x 280 ft.; a building 85 x 280 ft. 

for sheet bar storage and the furnaces; galvanizing 

building 60 x 260 ft. and fabricating department in 

a structure 80 x 260 ft. There will also be a main 

office building 32 x 64 ft., two stories, of brick and 

steel. 

The contract for steel for the buildings and its 

erection has been awarded the Blaw-Knox Co., Pittsburgh; 

for cranes to the the Morgan Engineering 

Co., Alliance, Ohio, and for mills shears and doublers 

to the Birdboro Steel Foundry & Machine Co. of 

Birdsboro, Pa. 

Recipes from an Old Scrap Book 

J.

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 2. 1920 

Equipment Already Exists at the University of Illinois 

for Scientific Tests and Experiment, But Further Financial 

Support Is Needed 

Research Work on House Drainage Sys 

One of the most important matters to the plumbing industry 

was discussed by Professor J. McLaren White before the convention 

of the Illinois Master Plumbers' Association a short 

time ago and on two points he laid stress: First that already 

investigation of the actions taking place in the house of drainage 

piping had been started and some equipment was available; 

second that funds for further investigations were needed. 

Extracts given here are taken from Illinois Master Plumber. 

A FEW years ago tests were made at the University 

of Illinois to determine a scientific 

basis for the design of plumbing stacks and 

vent lines. The chief credit for conducting the work 

is due to the initiative of H. Y. Carson. The expense, 

with the exception of the contribution of a considerable 

amount of materia] by the J. B. Clow Co., 

was paid from the University appropriations. 

The tests were not complete enough to be authoritive 

but were of great interest in indicating the need 

of another series in which certain conditions discovered 

in the preliminary tests could be taken account of. 

Four, 3 and 2-in. stacks were built to a height of the 

equivalent of about five stories. 

This installation is still intact and available for a 

continuation of the experiments. 

Briefly stated, the results aimed at were to deter 

tionary for eight years. In 1911-12 it was $2,292,- 

„. 561.4-_, and for 1918-19 it was $2,fT" 

e , 306,432.00. The University's total in- 

Cmversity s come f. i i e a »tate 

rate Universities of the country. That condit u 

-suit unless the University reduces Te n ber of^t 

achvt.es-which would retard the incr se J A 

economic wealth of the State in future or A 

the number of Students, which would be u n f . ^ 

M d 

unjus to the Youth of our State who wil li 

place tomorrow; or we must secure a ninrl t ^ ° Ur 

»«»e for operation, ^ ^ ' J ^ f 

to liVTt S he bl i e 'Vi" 6 UniVerS ^ now « »«» 

esent cond

JULY 2, 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 7 

He then mentioned and explained the many things 

that were engaging the Engineering Experiment Station 

including the work for railways for getting higher 

value out of fuels, for chilled Carwheels, for Secret 

work, for the Government, for heating Army Cantonments, 

for Natural warming air heating and ventilating 

Assoeiation, for locomotive performance, for 

the Bureau of Mines, for United States Full Administration 

and for cooperation with the Engineering 

Foundation and National Reasearch Council. 

He further stated that the importance of industrial 

research cannot be over-emphasized. The future 

success of the industries of Illinois and of the Nation 

depends upon a complete understanding of the scientific 

principles involved. This will result in true conservation 

; that is, in the elimination of waste and in 

increased efficiency in all the important industries. 

He closed by stating: 

Regarding the question of standardization of plans you 

rarely see a plan which adequately shows all the work 

which goes into the construction of the building. This 

is due partly to ignorance on the part of those who prepare 

the plans, and partly to the fact that they do not 

receive sufficient compensation for their services to justify 

them in working out the plans in detail. 

Both of these things should be remedied; and you can 

help very materially" by encouraging architects to stand 

for full commission for their services, and then expect 

them to prepare a proper set of plans and specifications 

fully showing all the work involved. 

The standardization work as proposed by this Committee, 

as I understand it, would involve the drawing up of 

a series of schedules showing proper installation of plumbing 

work. I remember seeing one put out by a plumber 

in the city of Peoria some five or six years ago, which it 

seemed was a great assistance in deciding how other 

plumbing systems ought to be laid out. They do not know 

enough—unless they employ specialists, or secure the assistance 

of you gentlemen—to properly lay out these plans. 

I think it would be entirely proper for you to offer your 

services to architects in laying out plumbing systems and 

make a specific charge therefor in each case. Of course, 

the architect accordingly would add that on to the charge 

he made to the owner, and thereby would be better off. 

110-volt D.-C. Automatic Power and Light Unit 

The usual rural home isolated electric lighting 

plant is a 32-volt installation and has the disadvantages 

of greater electrical losses in transmission 

of power and a more limited distribution area than 

when the lighting voltage is 110. 

The Kohler Co., Kohler, Wis., well known manufacturers 

of enameled sanitary ware, bathtubs and 

lavatories, realizing these facts has put on the market 

the Kohler automatic power and light unit shown 

complete in the illustration, which generates 110 

volts and marks a radical departure from the ordinary 

line of farm lighting plant design. 

This plant, which is 1500 watts or 1.5 K. W. 

capacity, greater than most others, is driven by a 

_ cvlinder, 4 cycle, valve-in-head 3!/2 h.p. gas engine 

operated at 1000 r. p. m. This speed is maintained 

bv a mechanical throttlinc, governor control regardless 

of the load but the fuel consumption is 

proportionately affected by the load. 

The 16-cell storage battery forming a part of the 

usual isolated lighting plant, requires a certain 

amount of care and attention to keep it properly 

functioning and also it has attached to it a replace 

ment expense but in the new Kohler unit this storage 

battery has been eliminated and simply a six-cell 

automobile starting battery used. This battery is 

kept automatically charged and is always ready for 

use. 

A patented mechanism which is located in a steel 

metal box on the generator controls thc automatic 

starting and stopping plant of the plant and enables 

the unit to be started by turning on any lamp or 

motor on the system. The first lamp turned on starts 

the plant and the last lamp or motor turned off shuts 

it down. 

AUTOMATIC 110 VOLT ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER UNIT 

The current from the generator goes direct to the 

line and a high tension magneto furnishes ignition, 

making the plant entirely independent of batteries, 

and a vacuum tank which can be connected to an 

outside source of fuel makes it possible to operate 

this unit for months without attention except to replenish 

oil and water every few weeks. 

The unit is equipped with a thermo-siphon circulating 

automobile type radiator, holding A/2 gal. of 

cooling water, while the engine bearings are lubricated 

by either a pressure or splash oiling system. 

The total weight of the plant is 425 lb., and that 

of the battery 935^ lb. Its maximum height and 

length is 34J/_ and 33^2 in. respectively. In addition 

to farms, this installation is suitable for small 

summer resorts, hunting lodge, camps, country 

garges, stores, moving picture theatres and other 

buildings not supplied by an electric lighting 

company. 

THE MUTUAL HEATING CO., Manchester, Conn., has 

been incorporated with a capital of $100,000. The 

incorporators are: F. E. Watkins, I . H. Anderson, 

C. A. House, A. L. Russell and G. W. Smith, all 

of Manchester.

8 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 2, 1920 

Remodelling Greenhouse in which Vapor Vacuum Maintains 70 Deg. When Outdoor Temperature is 20 Below 

Making Over a Greenhouse Job 

Cold House Made Warm When Vacuum System Using 

Natural Gas Fuel Is Substituted for Hot Water Plant 

MAINTAINING a temperature of 65 deg. in a 

greenhouse when the thermometer records outside 

temperature of 20 deg. below zero is a 

noteworthy feat and especially when the system has 

been previouly unsatisfactory. A Pennsylvania 

steam fitter did the job and as it has given entire 

satisfaction under the severe tests of several winters' 

service, some of its interesting points are presented. 

When a greenhouse owner decided to enlarge his 

range, he consulted W. B. Metzger, Port Allegheny, 

Pa., concerning the best method of heating and commissioned 

him to do the work. The original house 

was 15 x 45 ft., heated by hot water with an overhead 

system of flow lines and pipe coils under the 

benches. A number of changes had been made but 

the system failed to keep the temperature even. The 

end where the hot water dropped into the coils to return 

under the benches was always several degrees 

warmer than the other end of the house. The water 

could not be made to 

travel back fast enough to 

maintain an even temperature 

at both ends of the 

greenhouse, which is very 

essential. 

The range is shown and 

in an exterior view the 

boiler house and glass 

section at the right show 

the original installation. 

The first addition included 

the main upright parts 

and then lean-to sections 

were later added to both 

sides. The plan and elevation 

show the existing 

plant. 

rpi , . ,. Overhead Piping at End of Ma: 

tne lean-to sections are From 2.\ 

what complicated the work for the heating men for, 

by the time they reached the outside with the roof' 

they were very close to the ground and excavation 

for runways had to be made in order to have sufficient 

room to walk and work around benches. As 

some benches were built directly on the ground, there 

was no chance of putting coils under them and no 

way to cross them with returns to the original level 

The main house is 38 ft. wide x 100 ft. long and 

the original is 15 x 45 ft. Of course a larger boiler 

had to be used and in order to equalize the temperature 

throughout, a vapor vacuum system, thermostatically 

controlled, was selected 

n/iQ < .n b .i ler !? - a ' eCti ° nal cast " ir »n ^yle, rated 

at 1950 ft. and is provided with Monitor type gas 

burners arranged so that a row of eight on each side 

thVwf .°;\ u / n . directly a « ainst the Sid " at 

he bottom of the fire box and a triple row of eight 

through the center are elevated so that the hlat 

strikes directly on the 

crown. The gas service 

line is 2 in. in size up to 

the point where it discharged 

into the mainifolds 

of the burners and 

the pressure is nominally 

8 oz. though occasionally 

it gets as low as 5 to 6 oz. 

for short periods. 

All together there are 

40 4 in. burners and, as 

the system is thermostatically 

controlled, it is not 

necessary to have all in 

operation except in ex 

House Fi ve 1-in. Connections 

. Main 

tremely cold weather. By 

îng gas fuel there is 

derived a big advantage


over coal, both in temperature control, convenience 

and attention. By comparison with other plants 

using coal, the cost of natural gas in the first season's 

run was just a little in excess of coal, but when 

the expense of handling coal and ashes and the time 

required to attend the boiler is figured the balance 

is the other way. So the owner was satisfied. But 

now with the high price of coal and the gas price 

not advancing in proportion, the balance is now in 

favor of gas. 

In the old house the existing piping was used 

except that the coils under benches were reduced 

from four to three pipe and a thermos valve was installed 

at the return end before going into the return 

system so that the whole house, is controlled by 

one valve. In the new extension overhead flow mains 

and coils under benches were used where construction 

made them impracticable. 

On the side of the house next to the boiler room 

a bench was built directly on the ground so that 

bv taking a separate connection from the boiler directly 

to the top of a coil hung on the side wall, it 

Arrangements o f 

Remodelled Greenhouse 

Heating 

Plant Showing 

Size of Mains and 

Returns. 

was possible to connect to the original return at the 

old level. As it was a dry return system the boiler 

was set so that the water line was 2 ft. below the 

general level of the house in order to allow all returns 

to be graded from tho coils on an average of 

J4 in. to the foot and reach the boiler about 20 in. 

above the water line. This is not quite as much as 

a good many advocate but was found to be sufficient. 

The lean-to sections where runways had to be crossed 

by dropping the return lines down and across them 

and then to create the proper circulation of air back 

through the returns, a small line was carried up and 

over the passage, joining the returns again after it 

had reached the general level or gate again, as shown 

in the accompanying elevation. Thus, when the 

radiator or coil was being filled, the air would be 

driven over through the small air line and so on out, 

and the condensation would drop down and across 

the passage and so on back. 

The coils were built of 1^4 in- pipe and manifolds 

and divided into a sufficient number of sections so as

10 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 2. 1920 

to permit equalizing the temperature of the house by 

turning on any particular one or set. The radiation 

which totals 1160 ft. is in excess of what would be 

required providing they were all run under any 

pressure. Central control is by a thermostatic heat 

control device located just off the center main house. 

It required some experimenting to find out how many 

and which radiators to run to balance the house properly 

but once ascertained it was not necessary to 

change under ordinary conditions. 

The house contains 5578 sq. ft. of glass surface 

and the total amount of radiation installed being 1160 

the proportion is something like 1 ft. of radiation to 

•1.7 ft. of glass. 

There never has been any difficulty in maintaining 

the required temperature of 65 to 70 deg. with the 

thermometer down to 20 deg. below zero at times, 

so that the efficiency of the system is unquestionable 

and demonstrates the correctness of the changes 

made. 

Homes of Polish City Used for Fuel 

F U E L is such an all important need in relieving 

destitution and disease in Poland that one of the 

first acts of the American Red Cross upon penetrating 

to the city of Dvinsk was to organize expeditions 

among the more robust citizens to go forth to the 

nearest forests and cut down firewood. 

For though Dvinsk is in the heart of a rich timber 

section, her chief industries in pre-war days having 

been her saw-mills and wood factories, the paralysis 

of her transportation system has left her for the 

past 5 years at the mercy of the bitter cold of this 

northern countrv, the only resources of her citizens in 

facing the fuel famine, the tearing down of the houses 

of their own town for firewood. 

When the invading armies departed, they shipped 

out every piece of machinery in the countrv capable 

of being moved. The rest they ruthlessly 

wrecked. Not even the rails were left upon the 

railroad tracks, the complete spoilation of the 

country being rendered permanent by thus cutting 

off all means of replenishing the industries. Machinery 

today is the. crying need of the entire countrv, 

for without it neither reconstruction nor moving of 

the life-saving supplies can be effected. 

Before the war the population of Dvinsk was 150.- 

000. approximately 10.000 of whom found emplovment 

in her seven large lumber mills, which were 

kept working day and night, in order to meet the demands 

of the times. Planing mills, wood factories 

and various plants allied with the lumber trade gave 

a livelihood to the remainder of the working classes 

the thrift of whom was attested by the numberless 

little gable-roofed, balconied cottages of wood that 

were one of the city's chief attractions. 

Today scarcely a tithe of these pretty little homes 

remain. It is a common sight in the streets of Dvinsk 

to see a mob of white-faced men. women and bovs. 

their rags scarcely covering their nakedness, fighting 

for a piece of plank, a splinter of pine sliding— 

anything that will serve to burn for firewood, and 

all harvested from one of the thousands of abandoned 

homes, as beam by beam, joint by joint, the 

structure of logs and siding is rent apart. 

Hundreds of stark chimneys and stone foundations 

mark the sites of once beautiful residences, the owners 

of which, to the number of 100.000 are now 

scattered to the four corners of the earth, the victims 

of invasion, pillage and famine. From out of her 

150,000 inhabitants, there is left to Dvinsk today a 

scant 10.000. In place of the 10.000 workmen who 

tramped through her once prosperous streets on their 

way to work, less than 100 today can find employment. 

Lack of fuel and lack of machinery to supply it, 

has brought the industrial life of this Polish city to 

a standstill, its future bound up inexorably with the 

fuel supply. 

Even the aid of local organizations has been futile 

because the fuel shortage prevented its administration 

under normal conditions. Particularly is this 

true in the case of the Dvinsk orphanage, maintained 

by some big-hearted Polish women, who gathered together 

from the streets and byways 50 forlorn little 

P \ w 6 2 Bee " Sacrifi «d bv Hundreds Dunn, the 

Past NYinter to Provide Fue. for the Desperate Inhabitants 

of Dvinsk. They are Stoutly Constructed of Logs 

Usually Covered with Pine Sidings 

lee on of T , 1St S ° l0ng ^ had no "col- 

Z ._. X P ar l nt ;.\ love or care. Out of their meagrestore 

these Polish women supplied a daily ration 

of potato soup and one fire on which to cook it, but 

the bare, bleak barracks which the children shared 

"heated, and the wretched little ones could only 

ddê together miserably trying to keep warm, untU 

the Red Cross came to bring them cheer and warmth 

Blankets, new clothes, condensed milk and c W 

late were supplied and one of the first nl_-7T 

which the firewood, cut d.wn by the Red tl 8" -Toodchoppers 

umts^ was consigned was the barracks 

orphanage at Dvinsk. oarracks

ULY 2, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 11 

Our Facilities Mean Over-Production 

Foreign Goods Must Be Exchanged For Our Surplus 

Such Exchange Is Imperative to Save Customer 

It Will Restore Money Values 

America Must Buy Abroad to Prosper 

"p* VERY citizen is interested in the ability of foreign 

countries to take things we can make as well 

as raise on the farms. They haven't the money and 

we have enough. They can participate in the time 

honored Yankee practice of swapping what they have 

for what they want. They need to borrow ahead so 

as to get ready to swap. 

The question is shall we lend and will we swap? 

Think it over! We cannot avoid doing it. They need 

help and this is the best way to give help. 

The following is from The Iron age and bears directly 

on the matter and will give further support to 

the argument: 

After proper allowance for the invisible balance 

of trade, if we import less than we should, in relation 

to our exports, the price of exchange will fall, 

thus reducing to us the price of foreign goods, and 

advancing the price to foreigners of our goods, whereby 

the necessary adjustment will be forced. This 

is a law of trade. We shall have noth- 

Thisls ing to say. To control the matter it is 

a Law necessary for us to act through the 

of Trade medium of our purchases and sales. 

The exporter cannot force the situation. 

He may build up a foreign clientele, at great 

expense, and then see the exchange rate advance 

the prices the foreigner must pay to get those goods, 

without the exporter receiving any higher price, 

whereby the foreigner may refuse longer to buy. We 

cannot dictate what shall occur, but will have to manage 

things right if we wish our desires to be realized. 

Before the war it was necessary to export about 

$500,000,000 more merchandise a year than we imported, 

taking values as reported in the statistics, in 

order to equalize an unseen balance of trade, which 

was against us to about the amount 

One Reason mentioned. We did not find it particle 

Must ularly easy to do this, hence there was 

Export constant urging that we endeavor to 

increase our exports. Imports as reported 

are valued at the foreign port, hence freights 

paid to foreign vessel owners on our imports were 

against us. Exports are valued at our home ports, 

but we received, as an offset scarcely anything in 

freights paid by foreigners to Ameriean shipowners 

on these exports. American tourists spent money 

abroad, and foreign born, residing here, sent money 

to relatives abroad, sometimes leaving the country 

and taking money with them. Several billion of our 

securities were owned abroad and we had to take care 

of interest and dividend payments. The net of all 

this was about half a billion dollars a year, which 

we made up by exporting correspondingly more than 

we imported. 

No precise estimate can be made as to the unseen 

balance in the future. Interest and dividend 

payments will be in our favor instead of against us. 

Qcean 

The drafts by the foreign born earning 

Freiahts to mone y "l th^ country will be much less 

Come our than formerly. American tourists 

ry abroad may spend more or less than 

they used to do. As to ocean freights, 

the balance will be in our favor. According to the 

latest figures, 40 per cent of our imports are in 

American vessels, and 60 per cent in foreign vessels, 

the 40 per cent being nearly all an addition to our 

revenue, but there is much more than that, since 50 

per cent of our exports are in American vessels, nearly 

all of this being a clear addition. 

Thus the unseen balance will be very largely in 

our favor, perhaps more than half a billion dollars 

a year, in place of there being a half billion dollars 

a year against us, as was the case before the war. 

Gold being out of the question as a means of settlement, 

the balance, apart from merchandise, will 

have to be settled by the movement of 

Securities securities. Assuming for argument 

Must Shift that the unseen balance will average 

as We Suffer half a billion dollars a year in our favor, 

we could have exports and imports 

equal and buy a half a billion a year of foreign securities, 

or invest the amount abroad, or we could 

do nothing in the latter matter and simply import 

half a billion more than we exported. Or we could 

export half a billion more than we imported and invest 

a billion a year. But if we attempt to do the 

impossible, to refrain from buying foreign securities 

or investing abroad and yet attempt' to export 

more than we import, the exchange rates will simply 

fall and apply the corrective influence to our foreign 

trade, whether we want it to or not. 

Floating Foreign Trade Exposition an 

Assured Success 

Hundreds of inquiries from manufacturers and 

others located in every state in the Union testify 

to the interest in the First National Foreign Trade 

Floating Exposition, announced by the American 

Manufacturers Export Association days ago. The 

largest exporting firms in the country have signified 

their intention of joining in the idea which will place 

American exporters on the same basis as the merchants 

of Great Britain and Japan. Negotiations 

are under way for the refitting of a vessel large 

enough to accommodate the exhibitors of American 

products so that, from present indications, the boat 

will leave New York during October. 

The exposition offices at 50 Broad Slreet, New 

York City, have been enlarged to take care of the 

inquiries that prove that American manufacturers, 

interested in foreign trade, are alive to the opportunities 

presented by this novel method of introducing 

their wares to foreign customers.


A statement, explaining the objects of the exposi 

tion is issued by W. P. Brawley, New York mana 

ger, as follows: 

The need of any facilities to more firmly cement our 

relations with the foreign buyer of Ameriean manufactured 

goods is very evident. The support and eo-operation we 

have received from all sources has heartened us in our 

idea. The functioning of this Exposition Ship can be 

expressed in very few words. The vessel will do away 

with the present method whereby an individual manufacturer 

must send his representative with his sample 

cases to the foreign countries where he desires to introduce 

his merchandise. This method whieh entails the 

setting up of an exhibit in a sample room for the purpose 

of interesting prospective buyers is very difficult. 

The aim of the Floating Exposition is to do away with this 

inconvenience and to enable American manufacturers to 

advantageously exhibit their goods in a manner that will 

attract the foreign buyer. 

Publicity is being given to the project in Central and 

South America and the Far East at this time. Preceding 

the ship some six weeks to two months, a competent publicity 

man will arrange for an advertising campaign. An 

interesting feature of the visit at the foreign port will be 

the program to be outlined by an entertainment committee 

to be selected by the exhibitors. After sufficient time has 

been devoted to the more interested visitors the ship will 

be thrown open to the general public. 

The Floating Exposition will stop at the most important 

ports only and the duration of the stay will vary 

from five days to two weeks. Interpreters will be on board 

with a view to promoting business relations between the 

representatives of American exporters and the buyers who 

come to view the exhibits. The exhibits will include a 

special department for textiles and wearing apparel; another 

for hardware; one for foodstuffs, etc. While it is 

not the intention to have exclusive exhibits, it has been 

decided that not more than one exhibitor of competitive 

lines will be accepted. 

Foreign buyers interested in cutlery will be able to find 

a display of representative lines of this class of merchandise 

on the vessel. The same holds true to all other lines 

of merchandise whieh will be included in the general exposition 

Experts voiced in all the phases of foreign trade 

methods will be on hand to advise exhibitors and prospective 

purchasers. 

The itinerary embraces the particular ports of Central 

and South America, New Zealand, British Strait Settlements, 

Australia, Philippine Islands, China and Japan. 

The trip will be of eight months' duration. The primary 

objective is to furnish a conveniently economic means 

for the manufacturer to have his personal representative 

come in actual contact with the foreign buyer by compounding 

a number of firms and having one ship devoted 

wholly to their activities. A considerable saving can be 

had for all concerns. 

Tin Refiners In the United States 

The extent to which American refined tin is grow 

ing as a factor in the domestic market appears from 

the imports of tin ore. In 1913 these were practically 

nil, but in 1916 they grew to 8307 gross tons. The 

increase was over 100 per cent in the next three years, 

or to 17,139 tons in 1919. The rate for the 10 months 

preceding May, 1920, was 2000 tons per month, 

against 1428 tons per month in 1919. These receipts 

are mostly Bolivian ores whieh are smelted in the 

vicinity of New York and are refined electrolytically. 

The results are significant not only as representing a 

new American industry, but also another important 

application of electro-chemistry to industry. While 

the output of American tin is insignificant as compared 

witli the country's consumption, what has been 

achieved is gratifying, since hitherto tin was the only 

major non-ferrous metal that was not produced in the 

United States. 

THE VENT 

I T IS an interesting line. 

It has different mean 

ings to different people 

but is usually thought of as 

an opening to the atmosphere. 

In this case it will 

give the right atmosphere 

and will carry from the sys 

tem thoughts for discussion 

on any topic that comes to 

mind. It belongs to every 

subscriber, so send in what 

ever you want to get off 

your chest. That will introduce 

THE VENT. 

It may contain a money 

making idea. 

Read it in the first issue 

every month. 

See all of you again August 

6. 

A.V.H.


This is the Place to submit your per 

Some other craftsmen will solve your 

plexing problems —the Place to 

problem and then you may be able fo 

gather and to scatter information. 

help someone from your experience. 

SERVKTITISISRATIS 

FROM W. D., WESTFIELD, N. J.— Replying to inquiry 

of "J. P. W." in the issue of June 25, I give 

the following for his information. When installing 

a damper in the suction or discharge 

How Shall line of a blower for fire protection it is 

Damper Be well to follow the recommendations of 

Arranged? the National Board of Fire Underwriters 

as shown herewith. 

Ducts should never pass through fire walls, but 

where it cannot be avoided they should be provided 

with automatic dampers as shown in Fig. 1, or nation- 

fa/A 

FLANGE COLLAR 

HAMPER AHO PVALL _i__

1. METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 2. 1920 



The M.i«,wnn- foi 

77ie Combination Shop 

THE EDITORS COMMENTARY 

FT was to keep a promise to an association 

•*• of sheet metal contractors that an article 

on another page was prepared, pointing 

to activities possible of widely beneficial 

effect if carried out. There is in all lines of 

industry at the present time a strong determination 

to co-operate in the 

Increase positive accomplishment of 

Sheet things that will popularize the 

Metal output, increase the demand 

Trade and bring along broad prosperity 

in which all can participate. 

Those who are studying the future 

sagaciously are endeavoring to arouse both 

mental and physical effort on things that 

benefit everybody but on which all must cooperate 

to bring them about. It is a period 

in our history when co-ordinated and united 

work is successful where individual effort 

would be unavailing. There are yet many 

things which the individual can do that wiil 

fit in admirably with large movements and 

several of them are brought to attention in 

the article to which reference may well be 

made bv the reader. 

r ¥MIE furnace industry owes it to its wel- 

-*- fare to change the idea that prevails in 

England in reference to warm-air 

furnace heating. In another column there 

is an article from a heating contractor in 

London who asks specific questions which 

English 

Idea of 

Furnace 

Heating 

can best be answered by both 

the manufacturers and the 

furnace heating contractors 

of the United States. It gives 

opportunity to point out that 

there are always plenty who 

are willing to do something just a little different 

or cheaper if they can get the business 

; also very few are striving to show those 

interested that the best possible way of doing 

something is very different from and 

very much better than the common practice. 

There is great need for inspiration of this 

sort. If the points raised are carefully and 

conscientiously answered with the welfare of 

the industry as the factor in preparation of 

the reply, there can be no doubt that their 

presentation in METAL WORKER, PLUMBER 

AXD STEAM FITTER will be not only for the 

benefit of the English concern making the inquiry, 

but all abroad who would like to know 

something more about the American practice 

of heating homes. Space will gladly be 

afforded for presentation of articles of this 

character and there is no concern which employs 

an expert or has a man qualified who 

should hold off, even in the enervating summer 

season, from the preparation of something 

giving his ideals on a phase of furnace 

heating practice. 

W f HATEVER may be the outlook for 

»" business in other branches of building 

trade there is nothing but encouragement 

for the enterprising and agressive 

plumber, heating contractor or sheet metal 

worker. People generally have more money 

than they have had for some time and they 

are still getting it. They are 

The Out- ' n *^ e f rame °f m m d to have 

look for laid Defoi ' e them the con- 

Business Prices and comforts which 

they can enjoy as well as the 

improvements and repairs 

that should be made on their property to 

keep them in first class order. 

There are several million homes in the 

United States and in every one of them 

there i.s a chance for some" business to be 

done, even if there are no new buildings 

erected. There are plenty of towns in the 

United States in which four or five houses 

a year are as many as are ever erected and 

yet the tradesmen in our lines in those towns 

have been reasonably prosperous and have 

been represented at their various trade conventions 

this year. They never have a building 

boom to bring them in a surplus of trade. 

Iheir whole business career is built on their 

own enterprise to carry to those who could 

use then- services such information as to 

what they could provide as will insure some 

business.

iLY 2, 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 15 

Semi-annual 

Engineers Convention of Heating 

Last Day Developed Much Discussion on Ventilation 

T H E Friday, May 28, session of the American 

Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, 

held at St. Louis, was mostly devoted to con 

sideration of ventilation topics. At the opening of 

the morning session President E. Vernon Hill ap 

pointed Vice-president Champlain L. Riley as official 

delegate to a meeting in Washington on June 3, of 

representatives from all engineering societies for the 

purpose of forming a National Engineering Society. 

E. S. Hallet in supplementing his paper on "The Sig 

nificance of Odorless Concentration of Ozone," gave 

instances where the application of concentrated odor 

less ozone had proved most beneficial in school rooms, 

and at the conclusion of his remarks Doctor McCulley 

suggested that the Research Bureau make a complete 

review of all literature on the subject. 

The paper of R. S. M. Wilde on "The Ventilation 

of Large Auditoriums" recommended a system dis 

charging the air into the auditorium 7 feet above the 

floor and exhausting it through ventilators in the roof. 

In the discussion whicli followed H. M. Hart said: 

I am not going to back down entirely on the floor introduction 

of ventilation. There are objections to it but, 

if properly operated and controlled, you get better distribution. 

Also hand control is better than good automatic 

control in auditoriums. 

When presenting his paper on "The Training of 

Janitors and Custodians," E. S. Hallet briefly told 

of the formation of a training school and the big sav 

ing in coal and oil resulting in the St. Louis public 

schools, and added that no bonus had to be offered 

as an incentive to save. 

H. M. HART:—I hope that this movement will become 

national and the school boards in all cities will inaugurate 

night schools for janitors. 

JOHN HOWATT:—The four schools which I visited in St. 

Louis struck me as being remarkable examples of cleanliness 

and orderliness and having the proper custodian. 

Unlike Chicago, there were no rules to govern the work. 

J. R. MCCOLL—These schools showed that the relationship 

between the employer and employee had been worked 

out very successfully, the position of janitor dignified and 

the chiidren trained in cleanliness. 

In the discussion of the paper on "The Sizing of 

Ducts and Flues," by H. Eisert, F. R. Still called 

attention to the omission of elbows as a factor in fric 

tion, whereas it is one of the most important. 

A. S. ARMAGNAC :—The more exact methods given in 

this paper are not followed due to the practical difficulties 

involved in commercial use. Also the difliculty with any 

theoretical methods of sizing ducts is that the factors of 

resistance due to bends, reductions, and the like cannot 

be accurately known while new shapes are being constantly 

developed. 

A GUEST:—The best all around efficient velocity to drive 

air is about 2,400 ft. considering cost of installation, depreciation 

and general efficiency. If you have a low velocitv 

you have a larger equipment and spend more 

money for vour plant than is necessarv, while if you go 

beyond 2,400 ft. the cost of moving the air exceeds the 

results you get out of it commercially. 

Articles of the proposed new constitution pertain- 

in to dues, age limit, membership and other matters 

were discussed at lengtli and it was finally voted to 

return the draft to the committee. 

In the afternoon papers on "The Relation of the 

Death Rate to the Wet Bulb Temperature," by E. V. 

Hill and J. J. Aeberly, and "The Relation of the Wet 

Bulb Temperature of Health," by O. W. Armspach, 

were read, and since both treated related subjects and 

concluded that the ideal wet bulb temperature for 

indoors was 57 to 61 degrees, they were discussed 

together. 

J. J. DONNELLY:—I think ventilation is overdone and, 

if you add ozone and humidity control, it will become 

very expensive. Fresh air is really a luxury, although in 

some cases it may be a necessity. 

H. M. HART:—Are we going to sacrifice the health of 

the public for the sake of saving dollars? The expense 

is of secondary consideration while good conditions of 

sanitation and living are first. 

J. H. DAVIS:—The first object should be to introduce 

the pure air of nature into a room, inhale it and let it 

go elsewhere. It ought not to be forced in at such a 

temperature that it needs to be cooled or heated up and 

until that has been done, this humidity and ozone question 

is of little moment. 

P. NICHOLS:—The most important question, of course, is 

proper heat and ventilation. 

A resolution adopting the charter prepared by Doc 

tor E. V. Hill, chief of the Bureau of Sanitation, Chi 

cago Department of Health, as a tentative standard 

of measure of ventilation, was passed. 

The question of specifying a standard method of 

testing heating plants was then considered. 

H. M. HART:-Since the heat given off by pipe or radiator 

must necessarily enter into this testing, it should 

be a method of standardizing the conditions of the test. 

F R. STILL:—A good standard should be adopted determining 

where a thermometer should be placed, noiseless 

operation of radiators and apparatus in ventilation 

and establish a table of corresponding inside temperatures 

and outside temperatures. 

C W FARRAR.—While there is no code today it should 

not'be a difficult task with the data already at hand to 

work out a testing code for zero to 15 deg. temperaturebased 

upon a test that the average commercial man could 

perform. 

The discussion ended when President Hill said he 

would keep the suggestions in mind when selecting 

the committee of five authorized to be appointed. 

Before adjournment it was voted that the next an 

nual meeting in January adjourn to a western city, 

and that the summer meeting be held in Atlantic 

City, directly preceding or following the meeting of 

the Heating and Piping Contractors, National Asso 

ciation.


TRADE ASSOCIATION 

Enjoyable Sheet Metal Outing 

All of the members of the different organizations 

in the sheet metal trades in the vicinity of New 

York—the Employers' Association of Roofers and 

Sheet Metal Workers of New York City, the Roofers 

and Sheet Metal Business Men's Club, and the 

Brooklyn organization—joined in an outing on 

Wednesday, June 23. 

As the party gathered around the Elk's Club in 

Brooklyn, where automobiles were waiting, Jim 

Flanagan said, "Nobody is to talk shop today." 

Nevertheless M. L. Weiss, who learned his trade on 

the other side of the ocean in Hungary, had information 

about zinc roofing and Will Morrow, Frank K. 

Chew, editor. METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER, and others entered into a discussion as to 

why more zinc was not used in the LJnited States for 

roof covering. Mr- Weiss stated his experience gave 

Jiim no reason, while the popular idea of the born 

and bred Americans was that zinc would not do but 

they had no personal experience as Mr. Weiss has 

to back up their opinion. Mr. Weiss some 12 years 

ago built a zinc cornice and installed it on a building 

at Forty-third Street and Fifth Avenue, where 

it is still doing service. 

This discussion had not finished when the parties 

were instructed to climb in and start off. A beautiful 

trip whicli had been arranged by Secretary 

Herman Weinberger, 47 W. 42nd Street, New York, 

was made under fine weather conditions and the party 

thoroughly enjoyed the ride to Karatsonyi's at Glenwood 

on the Sound. 

The party had hardly arrived before the challenge 

between Brooklyn and New York for a baseball 

match resulted in activities and President George 

Brown was selected as umpire, notwithstanding the 

charges that he was partial and his decisions would 

go in accordance with his preference. Being a 

Brooklynite it was natural that the Brooklyns should 

win by a score of 6 to 3. Frank White made it all 

the way around on a good hit and the errors of 

those who should have stopped him at least half 

way- 

The first outing a few years ago brought out 35 

members but in the fifth outing, Wednesday, June 23, 

83 members participated and enjoyed the fine dinner. 

After a social relaxation the party again embarked in 

the automobiles for Shelburne's restaurant at Coney 

Island and most of the registers hnd something over 

70 miles for the day's run. After the meal had been 

heartily disposed of, some dancing girls appeared as 

part of the cabaret, which filled the eye as full as 

the stomachs of the party. Then after this show 

was over the party adjourned to see a show at one 

of the theatres and, when the final adjournment came 

all were agreed that a most delightful day had been 

enjoyed. 

The concerns represented are as follows: M. R. 

Westergren, Inc., 213 East 144th Street, New York 

City; Bay Ridge Sheet Metal Works, 672 Seventysecond 

Street, Brooklyn; Brenner Brothers, 973 

Franklin Avenue, Brooklyn; Craig & Brown. 421 

Twenthieth Street, Brooklyn; City Guaranteed Roofing 

Co., 161 East 110th Street, New York City; William 

F. Clark Co., 315 Fourth Avenue, Brooklyn; N. 

Coleman, Inc., 33 East Twelfth Street, New York 

City; Barber Asphalt Paving Co.; 233 Broadway, 

New York City; National Sheet Metal Roofing Co., 

338 Grand Street, Jersey City N. J.; METAL 

WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER, New York 

City; Davis Brothers, 311 East 148th Street, New 

York City; J. Dames Co., Inc.; Hartel & Davies, 

480 Clermont Avenue, Brooklyn; L. C. Hirsch & 

Co., 33 Thirty-fourth Street, Brooklyn; Bruce & 

Cook, 190 Water Street, New York City; L. A. Storch 

& Co., 517 East Seventy-third Street, New York 

City; General Roofing & Waterproofing Co.; Building 

Trades Employers Association, 34 East Thirty- 

The Auto Party En Route 

third Street, New York City; S. M. Friedman Co., 

95 Cedar Street, Brooklyn; Liberty Sheet Metal 

Works, 586 Jackson Avenue, New York Citv; Barrett 

Co., 17 Battery Place, New York City; Hecla Slate 

Co. 205 Lewis Street, New York City; Metropolitan 

Sheet Metal Works, Flushing and Metropolitan 

Avenues, Brooklyn; Delaney & Otten, 485 Fourth 

Avenue, Brooklyn; Sheet Metal Construction Co., 

170 East Seventy-third Street, New York City; Universal 

Sheet Metal Works, 4014 Park Avenue, New 

York City; Gorman & Lees, 344 West Twenty-fourth 

Street, New York City; Fred Lechner Co., 127 

Troutman Street, Brooklyn; D. Levow, 881 East 

163rd Street, New York City; A. H. Jeter Co., 95 

Webster Avenue, Brooklyn; Architectural Metal 

Works, 161 East Sixty-fifth Street, New York City; 

W. W. Morrow, 413 West Fiftieth Street, New York 

City, Ludowici-Celadon Co., 225 Lexington Avenue, 

New York City; Fordham Cornice Works, 2009 

Montrery Avenue, New York City; Guntz & Peterman, 

73 Snyder Avenue, Brooklyn; Porth Brothers, 

2924 Fulton Avenue, Brooklyn; General Sheet Metal 

& Blower Pipe Works, 434 West Seventeenth Street, 

New York City, C. A. Puckett, 1479 Fulton Avenue, 

Brooklyn; Benjamin Riesner Sheet Metal Works 28 

East Eighty-fifth Street, New York City; Jacob 

Ringle & Son, 83 Newark Avenue, Jersey City, N 

J.; M. Rosensweig, 248 Fiftieth Street, Brooklvn; 

Globe Sheet Metal Works, 208 East Eighty-ninth 

Street, New York City; Stephan & Danner, Union 

Course, L. I.; S. Silverman; Strober Brothers, 449 

Atlantic Avenue, Brooklyn; Tidewater Roofing Co., 

40 Sullivan Street, New York City; Sheet Metal Co. 

M. L. Weiss, 68 East Eleventh Street, New York- 

Frank White, 220 Leonard Street, Brooklyn • William 

R. "ioung Co., 169 Lorimer Sreet, Brooklyn


Ohio Sheet Metal Contractors' Program 

Interesting Features for Annual Convention to Be Held 

at Toledo, July 20, 21 and 22 

Through the courtesy of J. D. Gerken, 25-29 Ontario 

Street, Toledo, Ohio, the following program Is 

given for the convention of the Ohio Association of 

Slieet Metal Contractors to be held in Toledo, July 

20-22, with headquarters at Hotel Secor: 

Tuesday, July 20, 1920, 9 a tn., Regisration of Delegates 

Convention called to order by John Weigel, president 

of Ohio Master Sheet Metal Contractors' Association. 

Response by Williani Martin, president of local association, 

introducing the Honorable Cornell Schreiber, mayor of 

Toledo. 

Welcoming address by Warren E. Griffith, president of 

Toledo Chamber of Commerce. 

Response by President John Weigel. 

In the Afternoon at 4:30 p. m. 

Auto trip through the city and around the beautiful residence 

section of Toledo, including Maumee and Perrysburg. 

Dinner and entertainment at La Tabernilla, on the shore 

of Maumee Bay. 

Wednesday Morning, July 21, 9:30 a. m. 

Reports of committees. 

Address by R. E. Taylor. Subject—Furnace Installation. 

Address by J. C. Greenberg. Subject—How To Make 

Success of Sheet Metal Art. 

In the Afternoon at 1:30 p in 

Boat ride to Sugar Island, luncheon aboard boat. 

Thursday Morning, July 22, 9:30 a. m. 

Address by State Industrial Commissioner. 

Question box. 

Election of officers. 

Selection of next convention city. 

The ladies will be entertained during the time of business 

sessions by a committee in charge of Mrs. J. D. Gerken, 

the program for which will be announced later. Please 

write us as early as possible if you are going to attend the 

convention so that we will be enabled to make arrangements 

and reservations for you when you get here. 

Peoria Sheet Metal Contractors Meet 

New Officers Elected at Annual Meeting on Wednesday 

Through the courtesy of Secretary Frank I. Eynatten, 

1317 South Washington Street, Peoria, UL, 

the following information in reference to the annual 

meeting of the Sheet Metal Contractors' Association 

of Peoria, UL, is presented. 

The annual meeting was held on Wednesday, June 

2, and apparently the election of officers was the 

only business for consideration, which resulted as 

follows: President, H. T. Becker; vice-president, R. 

Strehlow; secretary, F. I. Eynatten, 1317 South 

Washington Street; treasurer, R. J. Jobst; trustees, 

J. Oechsle, H. A. Baumann and William Hierspeil. 

Pittsburgh Gets Sheet 

Metal Convention Report 

The certainty of getting a good report of what 

transpired at the convention of the National Association 

of Sheet Metal Contractors in Peoria brought a 

full turn-out of the members of the Pittsburgh Association 

when President Louis Luekhardt opened it 

with W. F. Angemeyer acting as secretary in the 

absence of J. D. Riley. 

As both officers were at the Peoria gathering they 

gave the correct reflection of the convention views on 

training workmen, getting the true costs so the price 

would be right, and the whole inside and outside of 

the hall discussions. The association also took up 

the manner in which tile roofing is handled in Pittsburgh, 

and there are sure to be some changes that 

will lead to a better distribution of the profits and 

a more fair and businesslike way of handling this 

branch of trade. 

Midland Club Has Big 

Attendance at Chicago 

Reports Show Plants Busy, Demand Keepjng Pace with 

Production and Prices High 

The best response to the call for the summer meeting 

of the Midland Club resulted in fifty firms being 

represented at the June 23 gathering in the Sherman 

Hotel, Chicago. 

Reports from all sides were to the effect that plants 

were exceptionally busy, and that all goods produced 

was being absorbed as soon as it made its appearance. 

Salesmen have been recalled from the road and, while 

new building operations have continued small, replacements 

have taken all available stocks. Producing 

costs are on the up-grade as metal prices are generally 

higher, labor is less efficient and transportation more 

expensive. 

Past Pres. John D. Green 

The topic "More Furnace Trade Abroad" was 

brought up in a paper by Frank K. Chew, editor, 

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER, and 

presented by Secretary Allen W. Williams. 

J. M. Trigg, Majestic Co., Hunington, Ind., was 

elected president to succeed John D. Green, Aurora, 

UL, who is no longer engaged in the furnace industry, 

but as his interest continues and is allied, the 

honor of being the first and only honorary member of 

the association was conferred upon him. John Kerch, 

of 20th Century Heating & Ventilating Co., Akron, 

Ohio, was elected vice-president and Allen W. Williams 

continues as secretary. 

The meeting adjourned early in the afternoon, and 

a party of several members was taken on an inspection 

tour by Mr. Miller of the Cribben & Sexton Co. 

through the company's Chicago plant.


Delaware Valley Golfers Meet 

After hearing addresses from the state officers the 

organization was effected and the following officers 

Enjoyable Day Spent at Trenton Country Club by Many 

elected: President, Wilfred Walker; vice-president, 

Members and Guests 

Charles J. Leager; secretary, Alexander J. Brockner; 

A meeting of the Delaware Valley Trade Golf As 

treasurer, Fred Dyer; financial secretary, F. Bartow; 

sociation was held ;.t the Trenton Country Club, 

trustees, William Strong, A. Kramer and R. Brown; 

Trenton, N. J., June 22, 1920, all of the Trenton 

sergeant-at-arms, F. Bettillie. 

members of the association acting as hosts. Thirty- 

Another friend of the association who was present, 

three members and five guests were in attendance and 

and through whose courtesy the above is presented, 

the unanimous vote proved that a very enjoyable day 

was V. P. Christofferson of the Manufacturers' Lia 

had been spent at the Trenton Club. 

bility Insurance Co., Jersey City, N. J. 

The prizes for the day were awarded as follows: 

The new organization starts out with well formu 

Morning event, lowest net score: A. M. Maddocks, first lated plans that insure success and benefit to the 

prize; B. Harold Deacon, second prize. 

niembers and the trade. 

Afternoon event, best ball foursome: E. S. Aitken, W. G. 

The Annual outing of the Association was held 

Titus, first prize; H. W. Seymour, Thomas H. Powers, Jr., 

second prize; J. H. Dallett, George Bell, third prize. Wednesdav. June 30- 

The contest for the third prize resulted in a triple 

tie between Messrs. Dallett and Bell, Maddock and 

Newton, and Allen and Deacon, and after a putting 

contest was won by Messrs. Dallett and Bell, Mr. 

Dallet being the contestant for his side. 

The association was especially fortunate in selecting 

another fine day for weather, and coupled with 

the splendid hospitality of the Trenton boys, it certainly 

made the June meeting a splendid success. 

The July meeting will be held at the Lulu Country 

Club, Edge Hill, Pa., on Tuesday, Julv 20. 

Chicago Steam Fitters Elect Officers 

Dinner Procedes Annual Meeting at 

Hotrl Sherman. June 22 

An unusually excellent dinner opened the annual 

meeting of the Chicago Master Steam Fitters' Association 

in the Hotel Sherman, June 22. After it had 

reached its proper station President E. J. Claffy 

called for the report of the nominating committee 

which was unanimously adopted. 

The officers who will lead the association for the 

coming year are: President, H. M- Hart; vice-president, 

F. C. Black; secretary, Charles Glennon; 

treasurer, B. W. Brady; 

Board of Directors: Geo. H. Henrich, W. E. 

Benoit- 

Board of Arbitration: W. A. Pope, George M. 

Getschow, W. J. Gemeny, R. T. Wray. 

Alternates for Board of Arbitration: T. J. Monoahn, 

E. J. Kohlbry. 

Delegate to B. C. E. A.: O. W. Jovien. Alternate, 

J. A. Cook. 

Grantwood, N. J., Plumbers Organize 

Eastern Bergen Master Plumbers Association 

Established and Officers Elected. 

As the result of the initiative work done by Vice- 

President Williani J. Orriss, of the New Jersey Assoeiation 

of Master Plumbers, there was a meeting in 

Grantwood, N. J., in the Office of C. J. Leager, on 

Monday, June 21, when the Eastern Bergen Master 

Plumbers' Association was instituted and officers 

elected. 

Those who participated in the organization were: 

State President William A. Snudden, Morristown; 

State Organizer William F. Beck, Lake Hopatcong; 

Third Vice-president William J. Orriss, Jersey City; 

Flenrv F. Krieger and Charles Zimmerman. 

Eastern Supply Association Bulletin 

Members of tlie Eastern Supply Association will 

find a great deal to interest them in the special bulletin 

issued in reference to the meeting of the association 

in Niagara Falls, Canada, and the joint meeting 

with the Central Supply Association. The production 

is largely that of President Joseph F. Evans, 

who has had no hesitation in giving emphasis to 

matters of importance and his reference to the contributions 

for the Trade Extension Bureau should 

secure an encouraging response. 

CURRENT NOTES of 

ALL THE TRADES^ 

Personal Notes 

EARL F. HAINES, son of fourth vice-president D. M. 

Haines, of the National Association of Sheet Metal 

Contractors, and accountant in his father's business, 

The Haines Co., 1929 West Lake Street. Chicago, 

was married on Wednesday evening, June 8, to 

Miss E. Richelt, of Maywood, 111. The couple are 

spending their honeymoon at Muskegon, Mich. 

ARTHUR B. GLESSNER, Excelsior Steel Furnace Co., 

Chicago, left last week for a month's pleasure trip 

in the east, including Atlantic City and some of 

the New England mountain resorts. 

PROFESSOR A. C. WILLARD, professor of heating and 

ventilation at the University of Illinois, Urbana, 

UL, has made a visit to Boston and is sojourning 

in the east until the end of June. 

JOHN D. CALDWELL has been appointed district sales 

manager for the Brier Hill Steel Co., Youngstown, 

in the Chicago territory, to succeed J. A. Rees, 

recently deceased. He had assisted Mr. Rees for 

several years, and is well and favorably known to 

the trade in his district. 

H. A. KINNAN, for seven years secretarv-treasurer of 

the Lennox Furnace Co., Marshalltown Iowa, has 

assumed the duties of general manager on June 15 

when E. P. Miller resigned, after 16 years of service, 

to organize a new company for the manufacture 

of furnaces.


W. G. WISE, AKRON, OHIO, president of the National 

Warm Air Heating and Ventilating Association, 

was in Chicago this week attending thc Midland 

Club meeting. 

CHESTER KUEBLER, advertising manager of Burnett- . 

Larsh Mfg. Co., Dayton, Ohio, makers of "Duro" 

water supply systems, was taken seriously ill while 

en-route to the Master Plumbers' convention in 

Pittsburgh. His case was pronounced appendicitis 

and the offending member was removed on June 22. 

While his many friends missed him, his interests 

at the "Duro" booth were well cared for and all 

will be glad to know that he is convalescing nicely. 

A. J. BELFRY has resigned as general manager of 

the American Machine Tool & Engineering Works, 

Chicago, 111., to push the sale of a new labor-saving 

soldering tool for sheet metal, furnacemen and 

plumbers. 

J. M. DOYLE, OF ELLENWOOD & DOYLE, 12 Great 

Jones Street, New York City, dealers in sheet 

metals and sheet metal workers' supplies and tools, 

has returned from a delightful trip to Bermuda, 

having had splendid weather both ways. His outing 

gave him an opportunity to view the trade situation 

with open mind on his return and he notes that 

the conditions now prevailing are peculiar. With 

a shortage of stock, railroad complication and now 

the possibility of complication with the tin plate 

workers, there is little probability of sufficient accumulation 

stock to make things convenient for the 

sheet metal contractors or of any reduction in prices. 

CHARLES A. BOOTH, vice-president and sales manager 

of the Buffalo Forge Co., Buffalo, N. Y., was 

recently elected a director of the Worcester Polytechnic 

Institute, Worcester, Mass. 

Heating and Plumbing 

THE PACIFIC GAS RADIATOR CO., 614 South Grand 

Avenue, Los Angeles, manufacturer of gas radiators, 

filed plans for a one-story brick addition, 50 

x 127 feet. 

THE SANATAR COMPANY of Indiana was incorporated 

on June 21, at Indianapolis, Ind., with a capital 

stock of $50,000 for the purpose of manufacturing 

Sanatar sewage disposal tanks. This tank is designed 

for use where sewers are not available. A 

novel feature of the Sanatar consists in the portability 

of the tank, as it can be built up so as to accommodate 

the smallest unit required to take care 

of the sewage disposal of five people to the largest 

installation for a hotel, school house, etc. It is 

built upon lines said to be approved by the United 

States Health Service and has received the special 

commendation and approval from the State Board 

of Health of Indiana and other states. It is of 

reinforced concrete and is light in construction. 

The company is operating a plant at Portland, Ind.. 

and will have another one in operation at West 

Palm Beach, Fla., in the near future. The product 

will be sold through jobbers only. 

JUST THE CHARACTER OF INFORMATION that will be 

needed by the man who has not heretofore installed 

water supply systems is given in the "Duro" in- 

stallation and instruction book, issued by the Burnett-Larsh 

Mfg. Co., Dayton, Ohio. It opens with 

some aid to those who have not been selling water 

systems for suburban residence and the diagrams 

show the various methods of installing thc motor, 

the pump, the pressure tank and connection with 

the well or cistern. There are ten of these different 

diagrams which cover practically everything a 

man may be called up to do. Then there are pictures 

of the "Duro" outfit in sections and in separaiton 

so that the man can see every part and study 

out its purpose and be sure he has got it put together 

right. There are also detailed instructions 

and finally there are halftone engravings showing 

the twelve important steps that two men are taking 

in installing a pumping outfit as will have to be 

done by all who take up this work. The information 

will be particularly valuable to those men who 

have not had opportunity to see working outfits in 

the showrooms or in exhibits at state and national 

gatherings and who must, in a large measure, solve 

their own problems of installation. 

THE IMPERIAL SOIL PIPE WORKS, Bessemer, Ala., are 

planning for the erection of a new unit for the 

manufacture of iron pipe and fittings. It is proposed 

to develop a capacity of about 30 tons a day. 

FROELICH BROTHERS, INC., 1-12 North Seventh Street, 

Philadelphia, plumbers' supplies, has had plans 

prepared for a new pipe building at Tenth and 

Hutchinson Streets, to cost about .* 10,000. 

FOR THE CONVENIENCE of its New England and 

other trade the Brown-Wales Co., Boston, Mass., 

has issued its price guide of plumbing, steam and 

water goods, and sheet metal, which carries one 

discount on all goods except soil pipes and fittings 

which has a slightly larger discount. It calls attention 

to stock shortage and the fact that at the 

present time it has nearly 1200 tons of merchandise, 

or equal to about 50 carloads, in transit from

20 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 2k 1920 

the various mills and manufacturers. The book 

has 48 pages showing waterclosets, bathroom 

equipment, shower baths, plumber's brass goods, 

valves, etc., while the heating section shows boilers, 

radiators and gives prices on a line of materials 

including gas water heaters. 

IN SELECTING THE NAME PRES-O-P'LEX for its metal 

to metal closet floor flange, the Cosgrove Mfg. Co., 

Rutherford, N. J., offers a solution of a tight connection 

between the drainage svstem and the new 

Pres-O-Plex 

Metal Closet 

Floor Flange 

short outlet horn closet. As may be seen from studying 

the illustration it includes a metal band securely 

fastened to the outlet horn of the closet and for the 

seating of this band tightly into the flexible flange 

which can be soldered to a lead bend or arranged 

to screw into the fittings of a Durham system or to 

to be calked to a cast iron pipe drainage system. 

Then the closet can be bolted securely by means of 

a brass flange thus drawing the twc parts together 

making a water- and air-tight connection. It simplifies 

the matter of replacement and insures 

against leakage at this vulnerable point of the drainage 

system in common use. 

Plumbers Lead Work Guide 

Something new for the plumbing trade is the most 

complete and convenient arrangement of data on 

plumbers' lead goods which has just been compiled 

and issued by the Eagle-Picher Lead Co., Chicago. 

This little reference book is of convenient pocket size, 

and contains much valuable information which will 

help the plumber estimate wherever lead goods is 

used. The introduction tells of Eagle traps and 

bends, giving details of their manufacture, and has 

very many and attractive illustrations of special antisiphon, 

bath and drum traps, roof flanges, lead pipe, 

sheet lead, solder and white lead, and gives tables of 

sizes and prices. Other important information gives 

wire gauges in parts of an inch, decimal equivalents, 

rules for measuring area and contents, weights and 

other helpful hints. 

Sheet Metal Industry 

THE CAMBRIDGE METAL BARREL CO., Cambridge, 

Mass., has been incorporated with a capital stock 

of $10,000. The directors are: president, Edmund 

T. Flynn, 17 Clinton Street, Cambridge, who is also 

treasurer of the company; clerk, Louis Robinson; 

assistant, F. R. Mullin. 

THE CENTRAL CORNICE & SKYLIGHT WORKS, 909 

Springfield Avenue, Irvington, N. J., have filed notice 

of organization to manufacture sheet metal 

nroducts. John Brisco, 67 Ball Street, heads the 

-•>ny. v 

IN THE LITERATURE ISSUED by Bird & Son, Inc., 

East Walpole, Mass., in reference to the Art Craft 

roof, some is especially adapted to the requirements 

of the roofer and can be used by him in his 

canvass for trade. It is pointed out that the Art 

Craft roof is in roll roofing form but when once 

on the building it has all the appearance of a 

shingle roof and can be used over an old roof 

of almost any character with a certainty of making 

it weatherproof and serviceable. 

A BULLETIN from Philip H. Lenderking, Linwood 

Avenue and Dillon Street, Baltimore, Md., gives a 

list of Kalamein stock doors ready for immediate 

order, with 5^4 in- trim, or 34 i n - round molding. 

He is also prepared to furnish tin clad firepoof 

doors and hardware. 

Furnace and Stove Trade 

THE UNION STOVE WORKS, 70 Beekman Street, 

New York, is one of the new members of the Merchants' 

Association of New York City and treasurer, 

William J. Myers, is the representative of the company 

in the membership. 

THE BUCK'S STOVE & RANGE Co., St. Louis, Mo., 

makers of furnaces, in pipe, semi-pipelcss and 

pipeless styles, ranges and heating stoves, is now 

planning additions to its line of furnaces which 

are to be ready for 1921. Series 1 will be made 

in 5 sizes; Series 2 and 3 each in 3 sizes. 

FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE the Modern Way Furnace 

Co., Fort Wayne, Ind., has issued a calendar entitled 

"Sweets to the Sweet," bearing colored picture 

of three small children. The boy is giving 

one of the girls an imaginary treat by offering her 

a lick of his candy stick, whereas it is stated to 

own a Modern Way is a real treat. The inside of 

the calendar discloses a sketch of the air circulation 

in a house heated by a pipeless furnace and 

three great ways to save money by such an installation 

are mentioned. 

THE STANDARD STOVE REPAIR CO., jobbers in stoves 

and repair parts for stoves, furnaces, steam and 

hot water heaters, has out grown its quarters at 

17-19 North Second Street, Philadelphia, Pa., and 

is now erecting a new three-story and basement 

building, 30l/2 x 204 ft., at 31-33 North Second 

Street. This building will have a floor space of 

20,000 sq. ft. and modern facilities for the prompt 

and systematic transaction of business. It is expected 

to be ready for occupancy on or about Aug. 

1 and then the company will be in a position to 

extend the scope of its enterprise and handle an 

increased volume of general trade. 

THE FIRST ISSUE OF A PAMPHLET entitled "Not All 

Hot Air," was recently published by the Matt 

Sproul Co., Sparta, UL, dealing in heating and 

plumbing goods and farm machinery. It presents 

in an attractive way the features of the Weir furnaces, 

Cole ranges and the other goods handled by 

the company and is interspersed with clever witty 

comments. In conclusion the present personnel of 

the business, which was established in 1867 is 

listed and in its fifty-odd years of experience is 

summanged as including 22 years with furnaces 29 

years in plumbing, and 30 years with stoves 'and 

ranges.


EUGENE WHERZ, 88 Van Dyke Street, Brooklyn, N. 

Y., who has made a specialty of building enameling 

plants for different purposes, has recently issued 

a booklet showing some of the plants that have been 

erected as the result of consultation with him and 

securing his plans and specifications. 

How THE U. S. GRAIN CORPORATION handled entire 

•wheat supply of this country during past year with 

only one disastrous explosion in a grain elevator 

where its stocks were stored and an actual loss limited 

to $25,000 is told in a 28-page booklet issued 

on grain dust explosion prevention campaign which 

has just been concluded under direction of corporation 

by experts of Bureau of Chemistry, Department 

of Agriculture. 

THE CHARACTER OF SERVICE given by the Eddy system 

of installing steam heating plants is outlined 

in a letter stating that after six years' service in 

the Walnut Creek Bank, it is still highly satisfactory. 

Tbe Eddy Engineering Co., Alpena, Mich., 

is bringing this to the attention of heating contractors 

at this time of the year as a suggestion in the 

form of a desk blotter which will be used frequently 

and keep the idea of the Eddy system of heating in 

mind. 

Death of Arthur C. Walworth 

Arthur C. Walworth, formerly president of the 

Walworth, English, Flett Co., 100 Pearl Street, Boston, 

Mass., died at his home, 531 Center Street, New 

ton Center, Mass., on June 23, aged 76 years. He 

was born in Boston in 1844, the son of James Walworth, 

who founded the Walworth Co. The elder 

Walworth became the head of Walworth, English, 

Flett Co., the original business being established 

in 1842. He graduated from the Boston Latin school 

and took his A.M. and A.B. degrees at Yale. In 

1887 he became president of the company founded 

by his father. He was active in politics, serving in 

the Massachusetts Legislature for two terms. He 

was a member of the American Society of Mechanical 

Engineers, ex-President of the Yale Club of Boston, 

member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon, Exchange Club, 

Brae Burn Country Club and other organizations. 

He leaves a wife, four sons and two daughters. 

Funeral services were held Saturday, June 26, at 

his late residence. 

Obituary 

PETER E. CARRIGAN, 60 years, 4 Eliot Street, Somerville, 

Mass., and for many years engaged in the 

plumbing and heating business, died on June 10 

after a brief illness. He was born in Keene, N. H., 

and until he was 30 years of age played professional 

baseball, and was said to be the first pitcher 

to show control of a ball and to be able to curve it 

in or out. Retiring from baseball, he opened a 

plumbing business and had carried this on for some 

30 years in Somerville. He was a member of the 

Elks and leaves a wife and two sons, both of whom 

are prominent athletes. Services were held at St. 

Catherine's Church, June 12. 

Trade Report and Market Summary 

Market Summary 

facturers and the Amalgamated Association and a 

shutdown of theplants averted. 

Black and Oalvanized Sheets-Vemand holds up and receipts 

only sufficient to meet regular requirements. 

The failure of the coke supply to be maintained 

Tin Plate—Good demand and increased production. has necessitated a number of blast furnaces shutting 

Tin— Little activity. 

down and a continuance of the shortage of freight 

Copper— Better demand. Prices unchanged. 

cars will seriously cripple the trade. The diverting 

Lead—Quiet and prices firm. 

of open top cars to the coal trade has considerably 

Zinc—Conditions remain the same. 

affected shipments of pig iron and movement to some 

Antimony—No activity. 

Foundry Pig Iron-Few inquiries and delivery uncertain. 

Production curtailed. 

Foundry C.fce-Shipments curtailed. Price up on spot 

territories has ceased entirely. 

In the plumbing and heating trades there seems 

to be a marking of time in price though pig iron 

tonnage. Output decreased. 

prices are stronger and the slight recession in copper 

Linseed Oil—Demand fair; prices lower. 

is not reflected. On July 1, one concern marked up 

Spirit* of Turpentine—Quiet; low prices. 

radiator prices. In the stove and heater trade prices 

are stronger. 

TRANSPORTATION SITUATION 

STILL BAD 

Foundry Pig Iron 

JTT In the steel industry work operations during 

New T-rfc.-Inquiry for foundry iron is in small volume 

*D the past week have continued at a good rate 

The railroad situation continues very bad, especially as to 

with further accumulations of unshipped, finished 

JehveTy of coke and a number of furnaces are either blown 

products due to no relief in the transportation out or expecting to blow out this week on account of 

entanglements. 

? 

w.itv to ret coke As high as $18 for furnace coke 

At this writing it is considered likely that an and .1. or"foundry coke hfs been paid for immediate 

aareement regarding the future mill wage scale will delivery by plants which were in imminent danger of 

he reached between the sheet and tin plate manu being compelled to cease operations.

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 2, 1920 

We quote for delivery in New York as follows: 

East. Pa.. No. 1 fdy., sil. 2.75 to 3.25.$50.05 to $51.05 

East. Pa., No. 2X fdy., sil. 2.25 to 2.75 49.05 to 50.05 

East. Pa., No. 2 fdy.. sil. 1.75 to 2.25 47.SO to 48.SO 

Buffalo, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 47.90 to 48.90 

No. 2 X Virginia, sil. 2.25 to 2.75. . . . 49.60 

Chicago.—Outside of a few good-sized inquiries and 

orders, the market .remains rather quiet. There continues 

to be a fair amount of spot business. Foundry coke is 

scarce and high. Molders' helpers who were in strike in 

local jobbing foundries have returned to work without 

achieving tlieir demands. 

The following - quotations are for iron delivered, at 

consumers 1 yards except those for Northern foundry, and 

steel-making iron which are f.o.b, furnace and do not 

include a switching charge averaging 50c. per tun. 

Northern coke. No. 1, sil. 2.25 to 

2.75, last 'half 45.25 

Northern coke, No. 1, spot 47.25 

Northern coke foundry, No. 2. sil. 

1.75 to 2.25 last half 43.00 

Northern coke. No. 2, spot 45.00 

Northern high phos. foundry, last 

half 43.00 

Southern coke No. 1 foundry and 

No. 1 soft sil. 2.75 to 3.25 50.20 

Southern coke No. 2 foundrv sil. 

2.25 to 2.75 48.70 

Philadelphia.—The pig iron market, which has been in 

a somewhat lethargic condition for weeks, was in a state 

approaching excitement this week because of the sudden 

demand for basic iron from several eastern consumers. 

There is a little better inquiry for foundry iron, several 

consumers who are not fully covered for last half having 

come into the market in the last week. The inquiries are 

small, however, mostly of a few hundred tons each. Foundry 

iron prices are firm. Eastern blast furnaces are short 

of coke and a number are banked. (JIher furnaces are 

likely to be banked at any time if the coke shortage becomes 

more serious. 

The following quotation are for iron delivered in consumers' 

yards in Philadelphia or vicinity, except those for 

low phosphorus iron, which are f.o.b. furnace: 

East. Pa., No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 

sil $45.90 to $4S. 10 

East. Pa., No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil. . 47.15 to 49.35 

Virginia No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil. 48.10 to 49.10 

Virginia No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil. . . . 49.35 to 50.35 

Cineinnati.—The recent activity was not mantained during 

the week, and dullness again characterized the market. 

Very few inquiries are being received and these only for 

small tonnages for prompt shipment. The Interstate Commerce 

Commission's ruling regarding the use of open top 

cars for coal purposes only will have a serious effect on 

the shipment of pig iron, and one southern Ohio interest 

has notified its customers that deliveries in contracts wilt 

necessarily be delayed. 

Based on freight rates of $3.60 from Birmingham and 

$1.80 from Ironton, we quote f.o.b. Cincinnati: 

Southern coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (base 

price) $45.60 

Southern coke, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 (No. 

2 soft) .. 46.85 

Ohio silvery, 8 per cent sil 59.SO 

Southern Ohio coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 

(No. 2) 46.80 

Cleveland.—A late order of the Interstate Commerce 

Commission diverting cars to the coal trade is checking 

pig iron shipments and may compel consumers in some 

sections to shut down their plants. Under the order pig 

iron can be shipped in gondola cars only in case the destination 

is in the general direction of the coal mines. The 

order does not cover low sided gondola cars, the supply of 

which is limited, and box cars which furnaces will not use 

for pig iron, as they will require loading by hand. The 

order will affect particularlv shipments to Michigan and 

northern Indiana. It will also stop some shipments from 

Cleveland to Chicago territory. Cleveland furnaces have 

asked for a ruling as to whether they will be permitted to 

use gondola cars for local shipments. 

We quote delivered Cleveland as follows, based on 

40c switching charge for local iron, a $1.40 freight rate 

from Valley points, and $5 from Birmingham: 

Northern, No. 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25.$44.40 to $45.40 

Northern, No. 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25.$44.00 to $45.40 

Southern foundry, sil. 2.25 to 2.75.. 48.70 

Ohio silvery, sil. 8 per cent 58.90 to 60.40 

Old Materials 

Scrap Iron, Aeui York.—Many factors continue to depress 

the scrap market and prices have again fallen oflf 50e 

on several grades. The ruling that open-top cars are to 

be used for coal only will make difficult the shipment of 

scrap. 

Prices which dealers in New York and Brooklyn are 

quoting to local foundries, per gross ton: 

No. 1 machinery cast $3S.00 to $39.00 

No. 1 heavy cast (columns, building 

materials, etc.), cupola size 37.00 to 38.00 

No. 1 heavy cast, not cupola size. . . 30.00 to 31.00 

No. 2 cast (radiators, cast boilers, 

etc.) 31.00 to 32.00 

Iron and steel pipe (1 in. min. 

diam., not under 2 ft. long) IS.00 to 18.50 

Stove plate 24.00 to 24.50 

Scrap Iron, Chicago—The market is slowly gaining in 

strength and activity. Further shipments of scrap may be 

seriously interfered with by the new regulations requiring 

that gondola cars be loaded in the direction of the coal 

mines only. Despite the prospect of difficulty on this account, 

some dealers anticipate higher prices and are covering 

accordingly. 

We quote delivery in consumers' yards, Chicago and 

vicinity, all freight and transfer charges paid, as follows: 

Per Net Ton. 

No. 1 cast $36.00 to $37.00 

Boiler punchings 24.50 to 25.00 

Locomotive tires, smooth 22.50 to 23.00 

Machine shop turnings 9.00 to 9.50 

Cast borings 12.00 to 12.50 


Grate bars 27.50 to 2S.00 

Brake shoes 24.00 to 24.50 

Railroad malleable 26.00 to 26.50 

Agricultural malleable 25.00 to 25.50 

Country mixed 15.50 to 16.50 

Scrap Iron, Pittsburgh—The recent order of the Interstate 

Commerce Commission sending all open-top railroad 

equipment to the coal mines is exerting a restrictive effect 

upon the movement of scrap iron and steel in contracts and 

is creating a demand for material already loaded on cars 

for which cars are available that has resulted in somewhat 

higher prices than recently prevailed on what might be 

classified as spot or prompt tonnages. Marked strength 

prevails in all kinds of cast scrap, demands for which 

considerably exceed the offerings. 

Cast iron wheels $43.00 to $44.00 

Rolled steel wheels 29.00 to 30.00 


Sheet bar crop ends (at origin) 30.00 to 31.00 

Heavy steel axle turnings 22.00 to 23 00 

Heavy breakable cast 33.00 to 34.00 

Cast iron borings 18 00 to 19 00 

No. 1 railroad wrought 31.00 to 32 00 

Old Metals, New York—There has been a little better 

feeling m the market this week, and values have been 

slightly firmer. Dealers' buying prices are as follows: 

Copper, heavy and crucible 16 00 

Copper, heavy and wire ' ' 15 00 

Copper, light and bottoms 13'00 

Brassheavy ] ^ 

Brass, light 7 og 

Heavy machine composition ] 15'25 

No. 1 yellow brass turnings 9'50 

No. 1 red brass or composition turning 12 25 

Lead, heavy ' 

^ ead ' tea 5.00 

ZlnC 5.25


THE GENIE OF 

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LIKE the Genie from the "Arabian Nights", 

Prest-O-Lite is a wonderful force confined 

in a small cylinder. 

It is subject to the command of its master'— 

the trained welder and cutter. Under his direction 

it performs feats of wonder—anywhere, at 

any time. 

In the subway builder's excavation, in the 

floating dry dock, in fact any place—any time 

where welding and cutting metals are required, 

the ready portability of Prest-O-Lite is an asset 

of genuine worth. 

Ask us about the service plan of the Univer 

sal Gas with the Universal Service. 

THE PREST-O-LITE COMPANY, Inc. 

General Offices: 30 East -12nd Street, New York, N. Y. 

Kohl Building, San Francisco 

In Canada—Prest-O-Lite Co. of Canada, Limited, Toronto 

Please quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER when writing to advertisers 

PW-509


Old Metals, Chicago—The market is quiet with decline Old Rubber—Inquiry in the old rubber market is still 

in red brass, lead pipe and tin foil. 

absent. Prices are lower. Shipping conditions are reported 

Cts. per lb. in bad shape. 

Red, brass 13.25 

Cts. per lb. 

Yellow brass, heavy 9.00 

Boots and shoes 6% to 6% 

Yellow brass, borings 10.00 

Trimmed arctics 5 to 5 % 

Heavy wire 15.50 

Auto tires 2y2to 2% 

Heavy copper 15.50 

Bicycle tires l%to 1% 

Copper clips 13.25 

Solid tires 2 to 2 % 

Copper bottoms 11.25 

No. 1 inner tubes 12 to 13 

Lead pipe 6.00 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4% 

Tea lead 3.00 

Mixed red scrap 3 % to 4 

Tin foil 30.00 

Mixed black scrap 1 % to 2 

Block tin pipe 40.00 

Cotton fire hose % to 1% 

Zinc 4.25 

Garden hose 9_ to 1 

Pewter, No. 1 26.00 Old Rags—The tone of the old rags market is easier and 

Old Metals, Boston—The demand for old metals con 

inquiry lighter. Wholesale dealers' prices are: 

tinues with but little change from last week, with a 

No. 1 whites $12.00 to $12.60 

stronger undercurrent noticeable. Lead and aluminum show 

No. 2 whites. 5.75 to 6.00 

some improvement. Dealers are nominally paying as fol 

Thirds and blues 3.75 to 4.00 

lows: 

Straight garments 2.75 to 2.85 

Heavy crucible copper $15.75 to $16.25 

Hard back carpets 2.55 to 2.66 

Heavy scrap copper 15.00 to 15.50 

Soft back carpets 4.25 to 4.50 

Light copper 13.60 to 14.00 

Paper Stock—There is a slackening in demand in the 

Heavy mch. comp. red brass 15.75 to 16.25 

paper stock market and the tone is somewhat easier. Whole 

Comp. turnings No. 1 14.00 to 14.50 

sale dealers' buying quotations for New York are: 

Heavy brass 10.00 to 10.50 

Over issue magazines $3.35 to $3.45 

Light brass 7.50 to 8.00 

Crumpled news 1.75 to 1.85 

Sheets and Metals 

Brass turnings No. 1 rod 9.75 to 10.25 

Lead, solid 6.75 to 7.25 

New York, July 2, 1920 

Zinc 5.25 to 6.75 Black and Oalvanized Sheets—Shipments are again be 

Pewter No. 1 40.00 to 42.00 coming irregular and consumers' demands have not de 

Clean cast aluminum 24.50 to 26.00 creased. 

New aluminum clippings 25.00 to 26.00 

BURT 

VENTILATORS 

Mean satisfied customers and liberal profits for 

you. The Burt Ventilator line is both comprehensive 

and modern in every particular. It enables 

you to meet every problem connected with 

the proper ventilation of any building. 

Customers prefer the Burt to any other ventilator 

because the Burt draws out all impure air, gas 

and smoke without operation expense. 

The Burt line will enhance your prestige as well 

as increase the profits of your business. 

Our 128-page catalog Is mailed on request. 

Write for it today. 

The Burt Manufacturing Co. 

300 MAIN STREB7T AKRON, OHIO 

Geo. W. Reed & Co., Montreal, Sole Manufacturer 

of Burt Ventilators in Canada. 

Please quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER when writing to advertisers

JULY 2. 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 25 

Tin Plate—Plant operations have been cosiderably increased 

and with the withdrawal of preferential ruling regarding 

tin can consumers the demand has improved. 

Copper—There has been a better demand by consumers 

for forward delivery and producers continue firm in their 

quotations. 

Tin—The market has been very dull with consumers 

showing little desire to buy, and most transactions have 

been confined to dealers who found few sellers willing to 

part with their holdings. 

Lead—Buyers seem comfortably supplied and since producers 

are catching up in production only very slowly they 

are not pressing the market. 

Zinc—There continues to be little demand and conditions 

are unchanged from those of the past few weeks. 

Antimony—The market is extremely quiet and practically 

inactive. 

Tin Plate, Pittsburgh—Preferential treatment granted 

manufacturers in the matter of car supplies for the shipment 

of material for perishable food containers by the 

Interstate Commerce Commission expired yesterday, and 

although an effort was made to have the priority renewed, 

a hearing held in Washington yesterday brought out that 

the accumulation of stocks was reduced from 2,500,000 

boxes to 800,000 boxes. Because of this development, the 

Interstate Commerce Commission believed that the perishable 

food can manufacturers had been well cared for and 

consequently declined to extend the priority. The commission, 

however, decided to continue to give car preference 

to the can companies for movement of tin cans. Not much 

change is noted in the tin plate situation other than that 

as a result of the sharp reduction in warehouse stocks, 

plant operations are on a considerably heavier scale than 

they have been recently. Several of the independent companies 

are running fuU, and the industry as a whole is 

averaging close to 70 per cent of capacity. Although 

this is normally the quiet season in tin plate, a good many 

demands are coming out, and business is restricted only 

because of lack of supplies. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh—Although sheet mill operations are. 

maintained at a comparatively high rate, much production 

is being piled, due to the acute shortage of cars. The 

American Sheet & Tin Plate Co. has no less than 32,000 

tons piled up awaiting shipment, and the position of the 

independents in this respect is little, if any better. The 

market has a quiet appearance, not that the demands are 

any less urgent or numerous, but because makers are well 

committed over the remainder of the year and are not 

eager for fresh obligations. In the case of the mills operating 

uder the agreement of the Amalgamated Association 

of Iron, Steel and Tin Workers, the disposition to 

decline business is rather marked, pending the result of 

the conference being held at Columbus, Ohio, on the wage 

scale question. This conference is expected to result in a 

settlement, as it is believed that since the ending of the 

Atlantic City conferece there has been considerable modification 

of the ideas on both sides. Illustrative of the 

great scarcity of cars, it might be stated that on Monday 

the Vandergrift Works of the American Sheet & Tin Plate 

Co. did not have a car. 

Notes on Prices 

Linseed Oil—The linseed oil market reports a fair demand 

for small lots. Prices are lower. In lots of 5 bbl. 

and over, city raw American seed is quoted at ,1.55 to 

$1 65 and out-of-town raw American seed is $1.55 to $1.63. 

In' lots of less than 5 bbl. 5c. more per gallon is asked. 

Boiled oil brings lc. more per gallon than raw oil. 

Svirits of Turpentine—The activity of spirits of turpentine 

market is slackening and prices are reduced In 

machine barrels in yard, the wholesale price is quoted at 

$1.69. 

A3S9UC 

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FIXTURES , ^ 

A Big Chance to Secure 

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The one large central container, easily refiled, is far more 

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Liquid 

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Cocks, Uri 

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with 1223 it W. a Harrison St. Chicago, HI. 

installation 

jRosin—Demand in the rosin market is quiet. Local stocks 

are improving and prices have declined. On the basis of 

380 lb. to the barrel, the wholesale price of common-togood 

strained is $13. Grade D is $17.25. 

Iron and Steel Pipe—Acuteness of the supply situation is 

unrelieved and, in fact, even more pronounced this week 

than it has been previously, due to the fact that makers are 

feeling acutely the shortage of cars. In the Youngstown 

district makers are able to ship only a small fraction of 

production, as is illustrated in the case of the Republic 

Iron & Steel Co., which has five of its six pipe furnaces in 

operation, but is laying down on the average of about 500 

tons per day for which shipping facilities are not available. 

The National Tube Co. is managing to keep its plants 

going, but there are partial interruptions lrom time to time. 

This company is allotting its shipments in the effort to 

give all customers some supplies. 

Foundry Coke—The market maintains a strongly upward 

tendency on spot tonnages of both furnace and foundry 

coke, especially the former, sales of which have been done 

in the past few days at $18 per net ton at oven. Consumers 

report several offers of furnace eoke at $17. Spot 

tonnages of foundry coke are commanding from $17 to 

$18 and in both furnace and foundry coke for last halt 

shipment prices are at a considerable discount from the 

spot market. Practically all consumers of foundry coke 

have concluded negotiations for last half supplies, and such 

business is taken to range from $10 to $13 per net ton at 

oven Output of coke in the Upper and Lower Connellsville'region 

for the week ending June 19 was 178,730 tons, 

a decrease from the previous week of 6,500 tons.

26 

CAUTION: Estimates on bids 

should be basetl only on quotations 

guaranteed for a specified 

time by supply houses 

while unusual market conditions 

with wide changes in 

price continue. 

ALUMINUM- 

NO. 1 aluminum guaranteed over 

99% pure, in ingots for re 


Current Market in New York 

JULY 2 1920 

The quotations given below are for small lots, as sold from stores in New 

York City by merchants carrying stocks. c,iffieientlv heavv 

As there are many consumers whose requirements are not sufliciently heavy 

to warrant their placing orders with manufacturers for shipment in carload 

n mills, these prices are given for their convenience 

lots from 

number of articles the base price only is given, it being impracticable 

On a 

to name every size. 

melting, 100-lb. lots—37 to 39c 

ANTIMONY— 

Chinese and Japanese, per lb. 

10c to 12c 

BRASS, ROLL AND SHEET- 

Base price Nominal 

%?T TK W $4.00 to $4.50 

CONDUCTORS— 

Corrugated- 

Round or Square— 

Galvanized steel Tiff 

Toncan or ingot 15% 

Copper 

15 vo 

Spiral Lock Seam Pipe— 

Galvanized 

20 5 in 3.50 3.35 2.50 ROSIN- 

SOLDER— 

5J_ in 3.95 3.85 2.75 Common to good strained (whole- y'. to YL guaranteed 37_;C 

6 in 4.10 3.90 3.25 sale), 80 lbs., per lb. .. ...$13.00 No. 1 34}£t 

7 in 5.50 5.25 SHEETS— 

Refined 30c 

Prices of Solder indicated by 

ELBOW AND SHOES— 

Blue Annealed 

Galvanized Steel- 

Cents per lb. 

private brands vary according to 

Plain Round and Corrugated- No. per lb. 

6.50-8.00 

composition. 

All sizes'up to 6 in 50% No. per lb. 

6.55-8.05 

SOLDERING FLUXES— 

Square- 

No. per lb. 

6.60-8.10 

Vaeger's Salts: 

Square 40% No. per lb. 

6.70-8.20 

lib. cans, each 60 

Black- 

One Pass. C. R. 5-lb. cans, each $3.00 

Copper- 

Soft-Steel A. S. P. Fluid: 

All sizes Net List No. 18 to 20, per lb 7.80- 9.80 Gallon $1.25 

Furnace Pipe and Fittings- No. 22 to 24, per lb 7.85- 9.85 12-gal. Carboy 90c per gallon 

Standard list 25% No. 26, per lb 7.90- 9.90 (Jug and carboy extra) 

LEAD— 

No. 27, per lb 7.95- 9.95 Callahan s Non-Corrosive, per 

American Pig, per ib. ..10>_c to lie No. 28, per lb 8.00-10.00 gal $1.75 

Bar, per lb 11 J-Sc to 12c No. 29, per lb 8.05-10.05 SOLDERING COPPERS— 

METAL LATH— 

No. 30, per lb .8.25-10.25 Per lb. in 300-lb. lots 50c 

vo Under 100 sq. yd. per sq. yd. 40c No. 28 and lighter, 36 wide, In 100 to 300-lb. lots advance 2c 

..Spiral Riveted— 

PAINTS, OILS, ETC.— 

10c higher per lb. 

Galvanized On application Leads- 

Wellsville Polished— 

In lots of less than 100 lbs., ad 

(See also Elbows and Shoes; Lead, American White, in Oil, 20 gauge 11.10c vance 4c per lb. 

Eaves Trough Mitres; Strainers, kegs less than 500 ibs., 15J_c 22 and 24 gauge 11.20c STRAINERS, CONDUCTOR— 

Conductor.) 

Lead, White, in Oil, 25-lb. tin pails; 26 gauge 11.30c 

2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 

CONDUCTORS, STRAINERS— add to keg price 14c 

Nos. 28 gauge 12 

11.50c Copper $2.80 $375 $5.75 $9.00 dz. 

(See Strainers, Conductor.) Lead, Red, in Oil, less than 500 lbs., Galvanized— 

No. 16 

Galv 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 dz. 

COPPER— 

15c 

Nos. 18 

Cents per lb TIN PIGS AND BARS— 

Lake ingot 21^_-22^_c Dry Colors- 

Nos. 22 and 14 9.10-10.60 Straits, pigs per lb 52c 

Electrolytic 21-22c Red Venetian, American, 

No. 26 

9.25-10.75 Straits, in bars, per lb 57c to 62c 

Casting 20-21c 

Per 100 bs., 2}_ to 5c 

No. 27 and 20 9.40-10.90 TIN PLATES—AMERICAN 

COPPER SHEETS 

Metallic Paints- 

No. 28 24 9.25-11.05 ..Charcoal Plates—Bright— 

Hot Rolled, 24-oz. base price, per Brown, per ton $32.00 to $36.00 

No. 

9.70-11.20 N. B.— The price of 14 x 20 

lb., 29J_c mill. 

Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 

No. 

9.85-11.35 "AAA" Charcoal Melyn Grade: 

From stock 31c to 33c in 100 lb. lots Oils- 

10.00-11.50 IC, 14 x 20 $16.50 

and over. 

Linseed, City Raw $1.55 to $1.65 30 10.50-12.50 IX, 14 x 20 18.75 

For less than 100-lb. lots, 2c per 48 in. lb. Linseed, Boiled, advance, per 28 and lighter, 36 in. wide, IXX, 14 x 20 20.50 

advance. 

to gal lc 

20c higher IXXX, 14 x 20 22.25 

Cold Rolled, 2c 14 and heavier 96 in. Out of Town American Seed Corrugated Roofing—Galvanized— IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 

10 per lb. advance over hot sq. rolled. ft. at $1.55 to $1.65 2\i in. corrugations, 30c per 100 "A"Charcoal Allaways Grade: 

10 Polished— in. 

48 in. 7c Spirits Turpentine- 

lbs. over flat sheets. 

IC, 14 x 20 $14.25 

long 6c In Machine Bbl $1.69 Corrugated Roofing—Painted- 

IX, 14 x 20 16.25 

Over 36 in. wide and 8c 9c PUTTY— 

Prices quoted on application. 

IXX, 14 x 20 18.00 

Planished, lj_c per sq. less ft. more 24 than Pure tubs, 120 lbs 4.50c 2'_-in. Corrugation 

Polished. 

.38c 

IXXX, 14 x 20 19.75 

sq. ft. 

In 1-lb. to 5-lb tins, 6.00 to 7.35c No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 21.50 

Bottom, ide Pitts and and under Flats, 6c 

REGISTERS— 

No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

Coke Plates, Brightbase 

to and 36 in. heavier, wide... per 5c lb Over Cast Iron 10% No. 26, pr 100 sq. ft. 

Prime, 14 x 20 in.: 

Tinning— 96 in. 96 in. Semi-Steel or Steel, in Black for No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

80-lb $11.80 

long sq. ft. White Japan or Electro plate SLATE No. 1 Bang. ROOFING— Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 90-lb 11.90 

and 6c and Small Faces and Borders 20% Pen F. O. Argyl B. cars, Quarry 7.75 Station. to 8.25 100-lb 12.00 

less 7c Wall Frames 20% Peach Bottom 10.50 Per Square to 12.50 IC 13.25 

sq. ft. 8c Large Faced, 14 x 14 in. and No. 1 Chapman According 7.75 to 8.75 IX 13.25 

20 in. wide and under 5c 2S% larger 40% Vermont— Pennsylvania— to size IXX 14.25 

Over 20 in. to 48 in. wide 6c .40% Base Board Registers 20% No. Best 1 Bangor Sea Green $5.00 to $8.00 $8.50 to $11.00 IXXX '15.25 

Over 48 in. wide 7c 

Base Board Intakes 20% Unfading Green 6.50 to 13.50 IXXXX 16.25 

EAVES TROUGH— 

White Enameled Goods 5% Red 22.00 

Galvanized—Toncan or ingot, Solid Brass or Bronze Goods, ex Maine- 

Terne Plate- 

Small lots, 8-lb Coating: 

Galvanized steel 

cept Grilles Net Brownsville, Unfading Black, 

Copper No. 15% 3 

100-lb., 14 x 20 $9.35 

Grilles in Black and White Japan No. 1 

.$14.00 

EAVES TROUGH MITERS— $2.30 or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain Slatters felt, 

30-lb. roll. 

IC, 14 x 20 9.50 

2.00 

Lap or Slip Point, 10% above list. 2.40 Lattice, Design. Smaller than 

40-lb. roll. 

IX, 14 x 20 10.50 

2.25 

IC, 14 x 20 Stamped and Re 

CHARCOAL STOVE PIPE 

14 x 14 in., 

squared: 

ELBOWS- 

Prices on application 

12-lb. Coating $11.50 

NO. 1 No. 2 

Less than 14 x 14 in., 

Walter's 

4 in $3.30 $3.10 

Prices and on application Cooper's Metal Shingles 15-lb. Coating 11.75 

20-lb. Coating 12.25 

H'/i in 3.40 3.15 

ROOFING MATERIAL— 


1-Ply Tarred Paper, per ton, 

The 


$102.00 

M. F. Grade The 13.50 

per roll, 108 sq. ft. 

Shingles 

40-lb Coating 15.00 

2-Ply Tarred Paper $1.60 

Shingles 

WASTE COTTON— 

That Last 

3-Ply Tarred Paper 2.00 

Per lb. 

Rosin Sized Sheathing, 

That in 5-lb. Last bags 22c 

ZINC SHEETS— 


The Most Complete Western Slabs 10-llc 

Roofing Line Pitch, of Designs per ton $30.00 The Best Material, Workmanship and Finish 

Sheets No. 9 base casks 14"_c 

Made Open per in lb Painted Tin or Genuine 15c Re-dipped Q alvanized Tin 

Sold at the right price May we send you full-size samples and prices? 

National Sheet Metal Roofing Co. fh^ 

Grand Street 



FLORAL PARK, N. Y., JULY 9, 1920 

A 



Copyright 1920 by the Architectural 


Method of Development Including Allowance 

to Be Made When Heavy Metal Is Used. 


Patterns for Spiral Chute Around Cylinder 

Here is an opportunity too good to be lost to point out the valuable 

service that our readers are given. 

In our columns has been found the solution for problems which 

otherwise would be passed up as too expensive for many men and 

occupation for men in centers where it is greatly needed would cease 

because the work would go to shops which employ experts and can 

handle any character of work required of them. 

As the result of its assumption of the burden of the expense of 

affording instruction on intricate and unusual problems, METAL 

WORKER PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER has been the means of providing 

all over the country qualified men to serve the whole sheet 

metaf industry and extend its field. The request for aid on such a 

problem and the method of supplying is given in the article below. 

CORRESPONDENT writes: "I would like to 

ask assistance with a pattern problem which has 

given me much trouble . The problem is a 

round spiral chute or succession of elbows, to be 

made of No. 10 sheet steel, the chute to be 30 in. 

diameter, to fit snugly around a 16-inch pipe, as 

shown in Fig. 1. The chute must be smooth inside, 

so the seam line will be placed on top and follow the 

chute down spirally and form a continuous seam line 

from top to bottom." 

The sections of the chute should be made tapering 

so as to slip into each other without stretching. The 

sketch shown in Fig. 1 has been drawn from the 

correspondent's description. He does not show or 

mention the height of each revolution, which must 

be known before any elevation can be drawn, so it 

has been assumed to be 48 in. for each revolution. 

Before proceeding with the pattern, a plan and 

elevation must be drawn as shown in Fig. 2. First 

draw any horizontal line as A-B and using T as a 

center, describe a semi-circle representing the outside 

diameter of the 16 in. vertical cylinder. As the inside 

diameter of the chute is to be 30 in. and as No. 10 

steel is to be used which is 9-64 in. thick, to avoid a 

decimal, take J /s in. as its practical thickness, thus 

making the outside diameter of the chute 30J4 in- 

Therefore lav off 30^4 in. in the half plan, as shown, 

emi-circle C-P-D. 

As the correspondent required 12 sections in each 

revolution of the chute, then divide the outer semicircle 

C-P-D into two halves and five full divisions 

as shown by c-d-c-f-gAi, through which joints draw 

radial lines — to the apex T, extending them slightly 

over the outside of the outer semi-circle as shown. 

The quickest way to obtain these five whole and 

two half divisions is to first space the semi-circle 

into 6 parts, then bisect one of these parts and place 

a half part from C to c and D to h, then from C 

place 5 whole divisions as shown. Now from 

C and D erect vertical lines intersecting the extended 

miter lines T-e and TAi, at O and o. Take either 

distance c-o or h-o and set it off on each miter line 

as from d to o, e to o, f to o and g to o and draw 

the outlines from o to o, etc. In a similar manner 

parallel to the outlines o-o, etc., draw lines tangent 

to the 16 in. semi-circle as shown, two of the corners 

being marked a and b. Then C-P-D-J-S-H represents 

the one-half plan of the chute. 

Obtain the center line of the chute in plan, representing 

the top seam as follows: Bisect H-C and 

obtain I, from which joint erect a vertical line to 

intersect the first miter line at 2. Using T as center 

with T-.. as radius draw the semi-circle 1-8 intersecting 

the various miter lines at 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 and 

from 7 drop a perpendicular line to meet th^> center 

line A-B at 8.

30 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 9, 1920 

Present Use of Open Fires Too Expensive from Every 

Viewpoint and Something Cheaper Is Required 

New Method of Heating Needed in England 

Will the high cost of grates aud stoves in England 

lead to a ehange in principles of warming 

the home in that country? 

T H E open fire was the earliest method of warming 

the houses all over England and many people 

still consider it the best. But the present difficulty 

is the expense of fitting each compartment with 

a smoke flue and a fireplace and the furnishing of 

the fire opening with a grate. 

- All this seems such a small matter to the average 

householder but now that builders are at their wits' 

end to erect for the people houses which will bring 

a small return—yes, even pay their way—one begins 

to wonder if after all the building of the English 

home is not all wrong. 

Of course, the English people don't think that, 

but, with the ceaseless cry of the Ministry of Health 

for builders to show some enterprise in erecting small 

Englan 

American 

warm-air 

d is sure V getting 

methods for heat 

furnaces. 

ready to adopt 

"S homes with 

houses, it does seem strange that no cut has been 

made on such expensive items as the building of this 

flue and fireplace for every room and the cost of 

supplying stoves wliich at the present time are costly 

and frequently difficult to get. 

In adopting this American idea which would require 

fewer flues the first great saving would be in 

the thickness of the walls. At least the part of the 

wall where the chimney flue is built in ordinary cases 

would be much thinner. That would mean a saving 

not only in bricks but in labor and in many cases it 

would also mean more space in the apartment. 

In the Englishman's home, say with five apartments. 

It is quite the usual thing for these flues to be formed 

one on each side of the building, causing a high 

stalk to be raised where the flue penetrates the roof. 

I do not want you to think that I am against this 

chimney construction, not in the least, but what I 

want to make quite clear is the fact that England at 

the present time is in need of housing. The Government 

is making great efforts to have them put up in 

great numbers but it also saddled tlie local authorities 

with the building and the finding of the money. 

With tlie finding of the money comes the grim experience 

that tlie whole experiment is too costly. 

The result of that discovery is the Ministry of Health 

stepping in and saying, "You must cut the cost of 

your housing scheme." 

Now, I know that almost every detail in the construction 

of a house has been interfered with in most 

of the housing schemes for the sake of the first cost, 

except tlie warming of the house. The warming or 

the forming of the open fireplace in every room mav 

or may not be wrong but evidently there is not much 

sign of this outfit being shifted meantime. 

English people seem to be wedded to the system 

of open fires. And I should like to draw the attention 

of those people in the heating industry in your 

country to the fact that if they intend having a try 

at capturing a part of the grate and stove trade here 

they would do well to study what has led up to the 

English fire before they even think of attempting to 

Americanize it. 

There is no doubt but there is a fine market for 

grates, but the bulk is for small registers and after all 

the most demand is for those designs which have 

as little iron as possible in view when the grate is 

in position. These grates should be made with an 

ashpit which may be entirely closed for slow combustion 

or opened to any extent desired by simply moving 

forward the economizer. They should have their 

vertical bars and the firebrick backs, with the back 

slits kept well forward. 

It is extremely important to keep all ironwork 

well away from the fire and some firms previous to 

1914 had gone so far as to make the grating itself 

of fire-clay with slits. 

Coal and wood stoves are not much used in the 

class of houses wliich are being built at the present 

time. What tlie English housewife wants for cooking 

is a good range. She must have something which 

may be easily converted from an open to a shut 

fire. 

The range must possess the usual oven hot plate 

pan holes, top and bottom flue to the ovens with 

dampers so arranged that either the top and bottom 

heat or even both may be shut off. 

The gas stove both for warming and cooking is 

very much in favor all over England. Gas fires & are 

now being fitted into many of the coal register 

grates for it seems such a simple matter to remove 

America has solved the probl 3m of heat- 

ing h omes and her methods would grow in 

favor abroad i f thoroughlv ad\ ocated and 

tried out. 

the eoal from an ordinary fire grate, attach a sAall 

casting with the number of holes and an atmospheric 

burner and fill the grate with asbestos balls. 

The English people have found out, however, that 

this is probably the most expensive method of using 

gas for heating purposes. The grate is not desio-neS

July 9, 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 31 

for the purpose and is much too deep to give the 

best results. 

Special gas stoves are now made in a great number 

of patterns and, where the greatest possible amount of 

The right propaganda about furnace heating 

would develop trade in Great Britain. 

radiant heat is desired with the appearance of the efficient than the open fire which seemed doomed to 

open fire, the iron fretfront is mostly adopted. The remain a fixture in the English home. 

incandescent wall fire comes next in radiant power. 

Gas cookers are now a verv common feature of 

A Vital Question to the Furnace Industry 

People in England buy what they know 

about and would buy American furnaces 

if, like people from Missouri, they were 

shown. 

the English kitchen. Careful experiment has shown 

that with these cookers, although obtaining a much 

higher efficiency than coal, with the additional 

advantage of no surrounding heat, about four-fifths 

of the total heat generated is in the case of roasting 

uselessly dispersed. 

Warming and cooking by electricity is only in its 

infancy in this country. 

There are a few public buildings over England 

which are heated by hot or warmed air, but the introduction 

of the warm-air stove as the sole method of 

heating to the exclusion of the open fire will not in 

my opinion recommend itself to the average British 

householder. 

Right or wrong, we are so linked up to the system 

of open fires that their cheerful appearance would 

be greatly missed and would hardly be compensated 

by even an equal warmth all over any given compartment. 

Moreover, it would be difficult and in 

some cases practically impossible to apply such a 

system to an old house, although it might be easily 

arranged in the design of a new one. 

There can be no doubt but that the house constructed 

with the single flue would cost less than with 

our present method. 

The mere cost of the fuel burnt would also be less 

if a system of heating or warming by hot air were 

To leave out a few fireplaces and flues 

would save enough to pay for a furance out 

fit. 

applied instead of the usual system of open fireplaces 

but the difference in the cost of the fuel on the two 

systems seems to be insufficient to turn the scale in 

favor of the hot-air system. 

That, of course, is only one argument to which we 

add the cost of building the chimney head, the cost 

of building the flues, the forming of the fireplace and 

hearth and the purchasing and fitting of the grate. 

Against those latter items we have the cost of 

excavating and building an underground room for 

the heater, so possibly after all things are said and 

done, from an economical point there is not much to be 

said for either side. 

In many parts of the United States and Canada, 

I understand that the winters are more severe and 

the variation of temperature much greater than in 

the British Isles. In these cases it will be found 

absolutely necessary to resort to means of heat more 

The splendid service rendered the fields in which 

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER exerts 

a powerful influence for good is shown in extracts 

from two letters referring to the article "A Vital 

Question to the Furnace Industry," which appeared 

in the issue of May 21 and to which attention had 

been called. 

Prom the letter of William Henry Warren, president 

of the Fuller & Warren Co., Troy, N. Y., the 

following is taken: 

Now that you bring it to our attention we realize the 

importance and value of it, and would be glad if you could 

send us about a dozen copies We would like to send 

them to some of our furnace salesmen with a general letter 

on the subject. 

Of course, we are not asking for these free, and will 

be glad to remit promply for their cost. 

From the letter of A. N. Brayers, treasurer of Cooperative 

Foundry Co., Rochester, N. Y., the following 

is taken: 

We have read over carefully the reprint of the article 

published in the issue of May 21st. This somehow or 

other skipped our notice at that time 

We would like to obtain about twenty (30) reprints 

and if any charge would be glad to entertain same. There 

is no question that when some of the furnace contractors 

throughout the country read an article of this sort, there 

is bound to be a good effect derived from same. 

CO-OPERATIVE FOUNDRY CO. 

Of course the requests were granted in both instances 

and with our compliments. If you have not 

read the article, read it and see that your salesmen 

and customers read it. 

American Kitchen Utensils Win French Wives 

American kitchen utensils have come into favor 

with French housewives after a long struggle for 

popularity. Not yet reconciled to the loss of her 

age-old copper pots and pans, the Gallis menagere 

for a long time looked askance at the queer utensils 

which the American Red Cross supplied to thousands 

of families in the devastated districts. 

Her especial disfavor was visited on the queer 

contraption the Americans gave her for sifting flour 

to take the place of her beloved wooden hoop covered 

with horsehair. She could not believe that a siftet 

with a handle was simpler or quicker than rubbing the 

flour through the horsehair. 

A full "kitchen battery" formerly was the French 

bride's most prized gift. The "battery" to-day includes 

all the alunimum and tinware which make gay 

the advertising sections of our American household 

magazines. 

The French woman is firm in her belief that everything 

new under the sun comes from America, and the 

trick brooms, odd-shaped coffee pots, metal dishwashers, 

patent egg beaters and dishpans are at last 

winning her praises.

32 METALWORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 9, 1920 

Some Thoughts on the Labor Question 

Resume- of the Underlying Facts Which Bear Directly 

on General Conditions of the Present Day 

By H. F. Baillet 

IT is understood that in taking this subject the writer 

is skating on thin ice. There is, liowever, no intention 

of taking sides or influencing action for or 

against. It is simply a desire to call attention to some 

of the underlying facts or trends of the situation 

which, right or wrong, bear on the present conditions, 

with the further thought that it may be of help to our 

members in making the best of a difficult proposition. 

In the ranks of the journeymen plumbers and also 

in the ranks of the organized master plumbers you 

will find the extreme radical, that is, one who can see 

absolutely nothing good in the personnel or organization 

of the other. There is the journeyman who looks 

upon every master as a bloodsucker who in his, the 

journeyman's, estimation is making money out of 

the exploitation of the men in his 

t rom the employ and who is a fair mark for 

Journeyman's any chicanery that can be practiced 

Viewpoint upon him either by the individual 

journeyman or by his organization. 

In his mind there ean be no reasonable limit to the 

demands upon the boss short of the entire amount 

which the employer receives from the customer for 

the journeyman's service. "The full return for my 

labor!" is the goal that is ever before his mind's eye 

and anything or everything that will advance him or 

his, even an inch, toward that goal is considered 

legitimate and proper. We may say that the extreme 

radicals are but a small percentage of the rank and 

file, but a very active and persistent percentage. 

On the other hand we have with us the extreme 

radical boss. He can see nothing good or human in 

the journeyman. The journeyman is to him only a 

means to an end, something to be bought as cheaply 

as possible and to be sold as dearly as possible. Any 

request for amelioration of working conditions or even 

suggestion for improvement is met with a scornful 

rebuff. Just enough to live and do my work is enough. 

That a journeyman should dare to think is a monstrosity. 

It is enough that he be allowed to breathe 

the same air as his master! Happily the radicals 

along these lines are even a considerable smaller percentage 

among us than the radicals among the journeymen 

; but we have them among us and to ignore this 

fact often leads to difficulties beeause it is the opinion 

of the extremist that is most often carried, due to 

the fact that it usually is the most loudly expressed, 

and has a tendency to arouse resentment and antagonism 

in the opposing ranks, on both sides. 

The present day conditions in the ranks of organized 

labor should be known to the master plumbers 

so that he may not fool himself, or I might say so 

that we may not fool ourselves, by building upon 

something that does not exist. In the memory of 

some of our oldest members the journeymen could 

be treated with as individuals. Year by vear this 

individuality is becoming less and less. In localities 

where the union system is fully developed the journeyman 

does not even select his job. He goes where 

the business agent sends him. The employer must 

apply to the business agent who in turn sends the 

man he selects. How is it that a free born American 

will so subvert his individuality? It is because the 

Union has obtained for him a higher wage and shorter 

hours than he could possibly have obtained otherwise. 

This is a fact that we cannot blink, must admit 

whether we like to or not. 

The individualism of the journeyman has absolutely 

been sunk in the community of interest of his craft. 

"As the individual freedom of the component parts of 

any body of men become less, so the cohesion of that 

body becomes stronger!" Now what is it that influences 

these men to so blindly, for it is blindly, follow 

their leaders—that gives them the strength and 

cohesion which they unquestionably^ possess ? 

It is probably due to the singleness of purpose" that 

has called forth and strengthened the Labor Union 

as we know it to-day. The aim and purpose of organized 

labor is peculiarly and emphatically single. "The 

betterment of its component parts"; "Higher wages, 

shorter hours and better working conditions," for 

the laborer. Everything and anything that in any 

way, shape or form interferes with or obstructs this 

purpose is ruthlessly shoved aside. Anything and 

everything that bids fair to forward the purpose 

is tried and applied. As I heard it expressed recently 

"To Hell with anybody or anytliing else!" There 

is very little consideration for any other tie or any 

other obligation than the one aim and purpose. This 

has brought to the journeyman results, which to them 

appear worth the sacrifice of their individuality and 

constitutes the main strength of their position. 

Now let us look at the position of the master 

plumber. Where the consideration of the journeyman 

and his aim is single, the considerations of the master 

are complex and many. The master must consider 

p . tlle public because they are his cusrerplexities 

tomers and the public's interests 

of Master and requirements are many. He 

Plumbers nmst consider the apprentice, for 

that is the source of future skilled 

labor. He must consider the other fellow, because 

there is the competition for business. He must consider 

his contracts, because there are law courts 

that can punish him severely, can put him out of business 

for non-performance of contract. He must consider 

his credit, his financial standing, or the sheriff 

will get after him. 

All these considerations and obligations make it 

necessary that the master have greater individual 

freedom than is required by the journeyman. Greater 

individual freedom means less cohesion", less co-operative 

effort, absence of discipline. It is much, very

July 9. 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 33 

much, easier for the master to break away from his 

organization, to go it alone as it were, than it is for the 

journeyman to do the same thing. The natural and 

inevitable consequence is that the master plumbers do 

not show as united a front for as long a period as do 

the journevmen. 

The journeyman's aim is single and persistent. 

The master's aim is also single, namely, the "Betterment 

of his condition." But he allows many considerations 

and obligations, real and imaginary, to 

influence his actions, while the journeyman of the 

present day has cast aside all obligations and con 

siderations that interfere with or hamper his object. 

Among both men and masters, or we will use the 

better terms employers and employees—there arc 

many who temperamentally and through the influence 

of environment seek to find a middle way, seek the 

common ground, to soften the cleavage, with varying 

temporary success. 

I believe that this paper has given a terse resume 

of the line-up as it exists to-day. The purpose is to 

keep us from error if possible. May it be received 

in the same spirit in which it is written. 

The Value of Sanitary Drinking Facilities 

Requirements for Safely Distributing Drinking 

Water in Industrial Plants 

IF man were built along the same lines as a camel 

water would not be vital to nis existence, but since 

his structure in its present form consists of about 

70 per cent of this element, a constant replenishing 

of the supply is necessary. 

Since health depends upon water drinking and 

working efficiency depends upon health, then working 

efficiency also depends upon water drinking. Yet 

relatively few who employ a large number of workers 

in factories or buildings realize the importance of 

giving the installation of drinking facilities the proper 

ig. 1 — Note Discarged 

Stream Does 

ot Fall Back upon 

ozzle in Puritan 

Foutain Head Made 

Halsey W. Taylor 

Warren, Ohio. 

consideration. How often is the drinking water 

supply located in an out of the way nook or corner of 

the building, affording an excuse for the employee to 

waste time in getting a drink, or where paid by piece 

work neglect to drink at all rather than to lose the 

time. In either case it is inefficient and therefore it 

pays in increased output to locate the drinking water 

centrally or readily accessible to all workers. 

Before installing a drinking water system a determination 

of the purity, palatableness and freedom 

from disagreeable odor, color or taste of the water and 

the minimum quantity to be distributed, should be 

made. Then in distributing or dispensing the water, 

its proper temperature at the point of consumption, 

its accessibility to all workers and prevention against 

transmission of disease from one person to another, 

should be assured. 

The average person drinks too little water, therefore 

workers should be encouraged to drink plenty 

of it, but in small quantities and often. Every man 

needs daily about 2 qts. of water in addition to about 

the same amount taken in as an ingredient in solid 

food, making a total of about 1 gal. per day. The 

amount that one needs to drink daily will vary under 

different conditions and it has been estimated that 

with the usual condition of temperature and relative 

humidity a person at rest, ordinary activities and hard 

work requires 2, 3 and 5 qts., respectively daily. With 

high temperature and low relative humidity 4, 6 and 

10 qts., are required, and with high temperature and 

high relative humidity 2, 3 and 4 qts. 

It is an obligation on the employer to provide drinking 

water that is unquestionably pure and free from 

all chemical, organic and bacterial impurities. Since 

failure to drink enough water is a dietetic error, 

making the fountain attractive and keeping it always 

clean stimulates the water consumption per capita. 

The prime requisites in the distribution of the 

drinking water are preclusion of all possibility of 

contamination and transmission of disease from one 

employee to another. The use of the bucket and common 

drinking cup is condemned by law and sanitation, 

health authorities and in addition it is an expensive, 

wasteful, and unsatisfactory method of distribution. 

The most satisfactory means of distribution is the 

really sanitary drinking fountain. There are many 

fountains which purport to be sanitary but in reality 

are not due either to faulty design, improper operation, 

inadequate repair and upkeep or pollution by 

careless and ignorant users. You positively cannot 

have safety without sanitation. 

A double tilted jet or offset vertical discharge type 

as shown in Fig 1 and 2, is considered the most satisfactory, 

because it is safe and eliminates the danger 

of disease transmission. A wire guard preventing 

contact of the mouth with the discharge nozzle is a 

very desirable added safeguard. 

The proper temperature for drinking water to be 

beneficial, palatable and conducive to consumption has 

been observed to be from 50 to 55 deg. Fahr. Usually 

to obtain this temperature refrigeration is necessary. 

Ice should never be brought into contact with the 

water.


Where portable water coolers are used, the common 

drinking cup or glass should not be tolerated, 

but waxed paper cups designed to be used once and 

then thrown away, should be provided. 

Oftentimes knowledge of how to make a sanitary 

paper drinking cup is useful. The method :3 very 

simple. Take a square piece of paper not less than 

6 in. in size and fold into the form of a triangle, then 

with the triangle sitting on its longest side fold over 

Fig. 2— Vertico Slant Stream Drinking Head Made by Rundle- 

Spence Co., Milwaukee, Wis. 

Offset Vertical Stream Type that Prevents Unsanitary Conditions 

one of the bottom corners so its point rests 1-3 of 

the distance down from the apex on the opposite side. 

Repeat this with the other corner except it must be 

folded under. Now the two flaps of the apex should 

be folded down in opposite directions and the cup 

is completed. 

An Institution to Foster Engineering 

Knowledge 

In former years the young man gomg into the shop 

to learn a trade devoted all of his energy toward 

getting the practical experience without stopping to 

ask the reason for doing things one way rather than 

another. Nowadays, however, the young apprentice 

seeks some scientific knowledge along with his practical 

work and to assist the newcomer in the heating 

and ventilating trade to get this information. The 

Cleveland Engineering Institute has been established 

in Cleveland, Ohio. 

This institute conducts a complete correspondence 

or home study course on heating and ventilating, consisting 

of 54 regular lessons and 6 standard reviews, 

whieh is maintained under the progressive class plan 

similar to that in use at many technical universities, 

that is, each class progressing in the study of subjects 

consistent with ability and understanding. 

Every class is under the direction of a competent 

instructor who is experienced in both the theoetical 

and the practical phases of the science. Beginning 

with the fundamental laws and basic principles 

governing the subject embodied, eaeh phase and step 

is carefully studied and applied to practical use. The 

classes are required to enter into analytical study and 

actual engineering practice, applying each principle 

and equation to practical use in keeping with modern 

requirements. 

The text and form of instruction pertaining to 

engineering practice are flexible and kept constantly 

abreast of modern lequirements and development 

through the medium of an advisory board of acknowledged 

experts. 

The prospective student may start the course at 

any time and with an application of average diligence 

should complete it within 14 months. Full particulars 

may be obtained by writing to H. Carlton Hewitt, 

Director, Cleveland Engineering Institute, 8120 

Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 

IT IS SAID THAT JIM BELCHER and Sam Shepard 

from Atlanta were once reading about several men 

being in a gas filled room and asphyxiated and Sam 

Shepard wanted Jim to explain what they meant by 

"asphyxiated." Jim's explanation ran on this wise: 

"When I was a helper at the business we used to 

run gas pipe and hang gas fixtures. When we had 

piped the house and hung all the fixtures it was 

gas fixture ated?" 

THE BULLETIN No. 57 issued by the Iowa State College 

of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts on April 

14 is devoted to some experiments with drain tile 

and sewer pipe, which will be interesting to the 

plumbing trade. It was prepared by W. J. Schlick 

and can be secured on application at tlie College 

Engineering Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. 

Recipes from an Old Scrap Book

July 9, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 35 

Fig. 1—Supply and Exhause Units in Place on Sun Deck with 

Weather Protective Housing. 

Fig. 2—A Supply Unit Located on Sun Deck, Sho 

Tempering Coils and Louvred Air Intake. 

Are Ships Properly Ventilated? 

Why They Are Not, How They Could Be, 

and an Example of a Good Job. 

M A R I N E designers in the past have given too 

much attention to cargo carrying capacity and 

too little to the comfort of passengers and crews 

in providing ventilating systems with the result that 

often unbearable atmospheric conditions prevail on 

board. It is not uncommon in mid-summer to find 

the boiler room temperature 150 to 160 deg. Fahr. 

while even with the ship ice coated the hold rarely 

gets below 80 deg. 

A ventilating system to be entirely effective must 

be combined with a means for heating and cooling the 

circulating air to meet varying conditions. No satisfactory 

ventilating system can be designed without 

taking into consideration air distribution and air 

movement. The latter is the important factor in the 

comfort of a human being but it is practically impossible 

to create a noticeable air movement by exhausting 

the air from a room, whereas a plenum sj r stem 

will accomplish the desired results. 

Fans used for ventilating purposes on passenger 

ships handle two to five times the volume of air required 

for ventilating the same amount of space ashore 

while, with the exception of the dining saloon, lounge 

and smoking rooms, which are usually provided with 

an air volume approximating land standard, all other 

large compartments have from two to three times 

these standards and very small staterooms and closets 

three to five times. The scientific ventilation of a 

ship is not a simple problem and is it experience that 

has dictated these ratios or simply a lack of study 

of the subject? 

The steampship St. Paul of the American Steamship 

Line is one of only a few passenger ships that 

can boast of ventilation that ventilates. She is 

equipped with the Hartmann balanced duplex ventilating 

system of the Charles Hartmann Co., 985 Dean 

Street, Brooklyn, N. Y., and this installation is a 

notable example of the carrying out of the ideas of 

its engineers and the handiwork of its sheet metal 

workers. 

In this installation the prime units consisting of 

fans, motors, tempering coils and other apparatus 

were placed on the sun deck and the air was distributed 

to the various compartments through sheet 

metal ducts or conduits. Every fresh air supply and 

exliaust opening into the different compartments were 

supplied with a register and provided with a regulating 

damper. 

The length of the ship was divided into five sections 

as determined by the bulkheads, and each section 

from the sun deck down to the boiler room hold was 

provided with one complete set of ventilating units 

consisting of both a supply and exhaust fan, tempering 

coils, and otlier accessories. 

One of these sets in position on the sun deck is 

shown in Fig. 1. Here the supply fan delivers 

through the 12 x 48 in. sheet metal duct shown to the 

right, 11,000 cu. ft. of air per minute, while the exhaust 

fan discharges through the turned down opening, 

9000 cu. ft. per minute. This method of terminating 

the duct prevents rain or spray from a rough 

sea entering the opening and collecting in the conduit. 

The electric motors, as usual, are protected from the 

elements by being enclosed in a weatherproof housing. 

Another view showing a supply unit is given in Fig. 

2. The intake on the left has adjustable louvres and 

the tempering coil with steam connections has a radiating 

surface of 405 sq. ft. 

Into every assembly lounge, smoking, dining and 

mess room, the correct amount of fresh air is introduced 

at such points and at such velocity as to form 

a positive circulation in the room without any draft 

and, when necessary, tempered to prevent chilling. 

In each room the air is drawn off before it gets 

foul by balancing the volume of air exhausted with 

the fresh air brought in and by so locating the exhaust 

outlets that they do team work with the fresh air 

inlets.

36 METAL WORKER, P L li M B E R AND STEAM FITTER July 9, 19_0 

Each room was treated as a complete ventilating 

problem in itself, since, for instance, the smoking 

room where the lighter-than-air smoke rises and the 

dining room where the heavier-than-air vapors and 

odors from foods drop to the floor, had to be ventilated 

in different ways. 

The dining room, 46 x 107 x 9 ft. in size, presented 

an interesting problem. The original ventilation system 

consisted of two exhaust and two supply registers, 

one of each located at both ends of the room on the 

side of the funnel casing and above the sideboard as 

indicated by Inlet and Outlet in Fig 3. The aft funnel 

was a short distance ahead of the rear bulkhead 

and since the registers were set in this bulkhead they 

were shut off somewhat by the funnel easing. With 

outlet and inlet on each side of the fore and aft 

funnels a movement of air only around the funnel 

casing resulted, as the fresh air supply took the shortest 

path and was exhausted out on the other side. 

In consequence the center or main portion of the dining 

room was unventilated and had to depend for 

air circulation and fresh supply on the side port holes 

and speed of the ship. 

This uncomfortable condition of the dining room 

atmosphere was corrected in the following manner. 

The total number of registers was doubled and 

four supply inlets were placed in the forward bulkhead, 

as shown by S in Fig. 3, one in each corner and 

the other two alongside of the funnel casing as before, 

but a sheet metal duct was run forward around the 

funnel casing and above the sideboard so that the 

intake would be unobstructed. With this arrangement 

fresh air was being discharged into the saloon at the 

forward end and moving in the same direction as the 

ship, circulated throughout the entire length of the 

room at such a velocity that no draft was produced 

and was finally exhausted at the rear before it had 

become super-vitiated. 

This method fulfilled four conditions for successful 

ship ventilation and it is needless to add that a comfortable 

and delightful atmosphere is maintained in 

this dining saloon. First, fresh air was supplied and 

foul air exhausted. Second, the supply was discharged 

through proper duct sizes at low velocity nd produced 

good air movement without draft. Third, a 

long air travel permitting the complete extraction of 

the beneficial properties of the fresh air, was utilized 

without super-vitiation before exhausting. Fourth, the 

direction of the air movement coincided with that of 

the ship. 

rf 

Outlet- 

In let- 

in the cabin library, which adjoins the toilets, an 

ingenius ventilating system was adopted. The fresh 

air shafts from supplv fan on sun deck were carried 

through the toilets in the two corners adjoining this 

room as shown in Fig. 3, and sheet metal ducts, run 

along this bulkhead above the waterclosets and near 

the ceiling, had discharge openings through the wall, 

with registers set in the panel work of the cabin 

library, thereby providing fresh air supply for these 

quarters. Then the space beneath the wall settees 

Fig. 4—Appearance of Galvanized Steel Supply and Exhaust Ducts 

before Staterooms Were Formed Around Them 

was used for the exliaust ducts. With this arrangement 

the cabin was amply ventilated without disturbing 

its original appearance and it is a striking example 

of how the sheet metal man can accommodate his 

handiwork to conditions. 

The staterooms were all provided with a supply of 

fresh air as well as a means of removing foul air. 

Each of these staterooms was considered individually 

for where the shell of the ship forms a cabin wall, 

it cools the confined air and the circulation moves in 

exactly opposite currents to what is the case in a 

cabin next to a boiler hatch. Also where the cabin 

floor was next to the hold and was heated thereby, a 

different problem was presented then where the cool 

exposed deck formed the ceiling of the cabin. In 

cabins with adjoining toilets the amount of air supplied 

was greater than that exhausted and additional 

air was exhausted from the toilet to insure the odors 

going in the right direction. 

Paul, Showing Method of Venti latmg Salloon and Library.

July 9. 192C METALWORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 37 

Many of the inside staterooms were approximately 

8 ft. square with a 9 ft. ceiling and the fresh air, 

carried in ducts 6x6 in. above the floor but beneath 

settees, was introduced into the room through a 

lourved register of equivalent area and then exhausted 

near the ceiling in a remote corner by a duet of the 

same size. 

A section of these galvanized steel ducts in cabins 

placed between decks, concealed by interior cabinet 

work is shown in Fig. 4. The ducts on the left discharging 

near the floor are for supply, while the 

extreme ducts on both sides in the ceiling contain the 

exhaust outlets as can be seen at the right. 

All toilet rooms, kitchen, pantries and galleys were 

ventilated by exhausting air from them. No supply 

was put into these rooms. In the case of toilets the 

air overflow from cabins and staterooms was calculated 

to fill the hallways and thence through the toilet 

exhaust fans would insure the foul air being carried 

off before contaminating the* surrounding quarters. 

The installation of ventilating systems aboard ship 

encounters many disadvantages due to limited available 

room, immovable obstacles to the placing of conduits 

and the necessity of keeping the weight of the 

apparatus down to the minimum and these difficulties 

are greatly magnified where it is a problem of equipping 

an old ship. The ventilating system should be 

installed when the vessel is constructed and not afterwards. 

Fig. 5—Surmounting a Difficulty by Having Duct Encircle Door 

Which Must Not Be Obstructed. 

A good example of these difficulties is shown in Fig. 

5 where in order to form connections between the 

galvanized steel ducts of two decks, it was necessary 

to make a loop around a steel door which could not 

be blocked or removed. 

Influence of Tact 

The following in reference to Booker T. Washington 

was recently presented in the Southern Workman, 

the magazine of the Hampton Institute, the great 

Negro and Indian educational institution at Hampton, 

Va. It points out a characteristic that should be cultivated 

by every business man: 

One of Dr. Washington's most remarkable traits, one 

which entered largely into his success, was his tact. What 

is tact? It is that quality in the conduct of our relation 

with others whom we seek to influence, which avoids opposition 

to one's purpose without deceit upon the essentials 

and silence in respect to minor issues likely to awaken 

prejudice or resentment. 

This quality no man had a higher sense than Booker 

Washington. He was able to exercise it because he never 

thought of himself, because he had no selfish motive. His 

life was absorbed in his cause, and that enabled him to 

restrain the temptation to say things and do things to 

which he was frequently strongly provoked, by the knowledge 

that it would injure that which was dearest to him— 

the leading of the Negro race to higher things. 

His speech at the Atlanta Exposition is one of the greatest 

speeches in the English language, and it reveals this 

quality, which has been described in its most beautiful 

flower. 

Don't Expect Prices to Tumble Helter-Skelter 

There has been more noise than price cutting. We 

cannot have and need not expect low prices while 

wages remain as high as they are, while labor is not 

doing a full day's work, while taxation is so crushingly 

heavy, while consumption continues reckless and riotous, 

while neither raw materials nor merchandise can 

be transported expeditiously nor while the present billions 

upon billions of currency and credits continue 

outstanding. Also, unless this year's crops are larger 

than now forecast, the cost of food staples is little 

likely to fall materially in the near future.—Forbes 

Magazine. 

Patterns for Spiral Chute Around Cylinder 

(Continued from Page 29) 

To obtain the amount of twist required in the pattern 

to produce the spiral diagram Y has been prepared, 

and shows the method of shifting the miter cuts 

so as to produce the spiral chute. Take a tracing of 

E-J-H-F in diagram X, including the vertical line 

I'-ll" and place it in diagram Y as shown by 

E°-J-H°-F°, also the vertical line indicated by 1°-1 T . 

From E° at right angles to l°-l v draw a line intersec- 

j tion l°-l v at o'. 

Now, in Fig. 2, take the distance between the lines 

1 a' and b' in elevation at right angles to 4'-5', and 

place it on the line l°-l v in diagram Y in Fig. 3, from 

o' to b', which shows the amount that one section of 

the elbow will be turned upon the other. At right 

angles to l°-l v , from F°, draw a line intersecting 

I°-l v at o. 

Now take a tracing or reproduction o'-E°-F°-o and 

slide it down along the line l°-l v , being careful to 

place o' upon the point b''; then scribe off the heavy 

miter cut shown by 6°-E v -F v -

38 METALWORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 9, 1920 

Our Production Capacity Is Increasing So Rapidly That 

It Has Already Outstripped Our Consuming Capacity 

Foreign Trade Solution of Future Prosperi 

Lean Years Can Be Avoided Only By Great Activity In Fostering Good 

Will and Demand In Foreign Countries 

E V E R Y citizen should urge those who can to devote 

some of their producing capacity, some of 

their business sagacity and some of their energy 

to building up a demand for it as foreign countries and 

certainly South America invites her cultivation. In 

this country the extension of plants is tying up capital 

too fully and some of it should be utilized for 

financing investment in foreign good will that will not 

return dividends until cordial relations and a thorough 

understanding has been made and arrangements perfected 

to hold it permanently. 

The enterprise should be started with the determination 

that the trade once gained shall be held 

and not neglected when at home a temporary advantage 

may be realized. Such trade has enriched the 

British and those who are devoted to it cannot be 

turned from it because it is continuously profitable. 

It is such business that was urged on the attention of 

the American people by President Farrell in his address 

at the Foreign Trade convention in San Francisco 

from which the following extracts were presented 

in The Iron Age: 

President Farrel, in his address at the Foreign Trade 

Convention at San Francisco, impressed upon his hearers 

very forcibly the importance of the United States becoming 

a greater exporting nation. Realizing that 

Must often the building of great plants overshad- 

Become an 

ows the °P erations of small companies, Mr. 

_, . Farrell called attention to the fact that one 

Exporting of the striking features of the war period 

Nation was the wonderful growth of small companies. 

Referring to the State of Ohio as 

a huge workshop in which plants not yet enumerated were 

added to the producing capacity, he said that the census 

soon to be announced will disclose with reasonable accuracy 

the full extent of the maryelous industrial changes which 

have taken place, but it is already apparent that the manufacturing 

capacity of the country has been immensely increased 

and that a large percentage of the output must be 

exported. "We shall be confronted,' he said, "with the fact 

that we are able to produce more than we can sell at home. 

We shall face accordingly such an urgency for foreign trade 

as we have never before experienced, for either we shall 

find markets abroad for the surplus of our industrial productivity, 

or we shall cease to produce it, which is unthinkable. 

That way lies stagnation, unemployment and business 

reverses." 

Mr. Farrell does not, however, take a pessimistic view of 

the situation. He believes that jealous and discordant 

Must political Pur "policies" that must we can be discouraged at least cherish and the a broader belief that and 

larger railroads conception will be built 

Broad 

of international with a single co-opera- eye to 

Countri) tj 0 "- must their commercial be adopted. value He and is of not the to opinion 'their 

Policy 

place in military strategy, and he might 

have added that the optimistic will hope 

that the railroads will be built without any plans for financial 

strategy. 

Mr. Farrell, naturally and very properly, has little patience 

with a policy which provides for taking care of 

foreign trade when it is convenient to do so and when 

domestic demand declines. He insists that the efforts to 

extend trade must be sustained and intelligent, which means 

tnat spasmodic efforts to create foreign trade cannot be 

tolerated. He points out that the development of our industrial 

capacity during the war may cause serious distress 

later unless the situation is handled with intelligence, energy 

and courage. But he does not despair, for he believes that, 

if so handled, the benefit of foreign trade will indeed be 

greater than ever before enjoyed. 

The address covered the situation in general, other 

speakers devoting themselves more to the details of what 

has been accomplished and what may be done to promote 

foreign commerce. The Webb-Pomerene act 

Better received some attention, and, while it was 

j . , . conceded that this measure is a venture in 

legislation a new direction, and has not accomplished 

Needed all that its enthusiastic advocates hope for, 

it has helped in making real progress in 

several ways, especially in enabling the smaller manufacturers 

to market their products abroad, but this act even 

when perfected cannot accomplish all that will be necessary 

in order to increase American exports adequately. The 

narrow political policies to which Mr. Farrell referred must 

be abandoned and broad policies must be adopted. This 

does not mean that the historic American policy of production 

must be given up, but it does mean that new policies 

must be enacted after giving most careful consideration 

to the changes which the World War has wrought in eco 

Film Teaches Uses and Abuses of Drills 

nomic conditions. 

Designed For Sliowing In Shops Because Printed 

Instructions Are Not Read 

By F. L. Prentiss 

T^HE value of the education moving picture film in 

industry has been recognized for some time by 

progressive manufacturers and a number of very interesting 

films of an instructive character have been 

produced, the object generally to illustrate the manufacturing 

process before spectators engaged in other 

fields of activity, who have more or less vague ideas 

of the methods employed in making the products in 

that particular field. Another type of film for which 

there is apparently a wide and as yet little developed 

field, is one designed to educate the workman in the 

plant so that he will know how to handle machines 

and tools properly, do better work, increase production 

and reduce waste. 

A film of this type, which is undoubtedly one of 

the best that has been produced for teaching workmen 

proper machine shop practice, was recently made 

by the Cleveland Twist Drill Co., Cleveland." This 

film, in four reels, requiring 40 minutes to present 

illustrates the uses and abuses of twist drills. In 

reality it is a reproduction in picture form of a booklet 

on this subject issued by this company and it is 

intended primarily to reach the inexperienced and 

incompetent workmen. The company felt that while

July 9, 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUM 

a conscientious and competent operator of a drilling 

machine read the booklet, the indifferent workman 

could seldom be reached in that way but could be 

educated by means of the film. 

The purpose of the film is to depict the best uses 

and the most common abuses of the twist drill so that 

as a result of the workman's better understanding of 

the drill there will be more production and less breakage. 

Among the subjects illustrated in the film, with 

proper captions to make the various terms used in 

connection with drills perfectly clear to the spectator, 

are body clearance, web increase, lip clearance, etc. 

The worker is taught to grind a drill properly and 

examples and results of faulty grinding are shown, 

the pictures explaining in what respect the drill has 

been ground, either correctly or incorrectly. The various 

abuses to which workmen subject twist drills and 

the effects of these absuses are also illustrated. Advertising 

features are avoided, the only reference to 

company or product being a picture of the plant. 

The film has been exhibited in a large number of 

manufacturing plants during the past few weeks, and 

that it has been very favorably received is indicated 

Provisions To Protect 

A Movement That Affects All 

Class of Construction 

AN analysis of income tax returns shows that contracting 

is the most hazardous industry in the 

country. They show that the amount of loss for 

every dollar of profit made by construction corporations 

is eight times as great as it is in manufacturing, 

agriculture, or personal service corporations; five 

times as great as in transportation and public utility 

corporations; over three times as great as in mining 

and quarrying, and nearly twice as in banking. 

The reasons for this condition are due to the unusual 

number of doubtful elements in construction 

with which a contractor must work. It is unnecessary 

to enumerate them. They are all too familiar. It 

is sufficient that the more such uncertainties can be 

eliminated, the lower will be the costs of construction 

to the owner, the more satisfactory will be the relations 

of the architect, the engineer and the contractor, 

and the more will contracts be awarded on a basis 

of skill, integrity and responsibility. Never was this 

more true or action on it more needed than at the 

present time. 

From the very nature of construction many of these 

uncertainties can never be eliminated. They must 

either be assumed by the contractor or the owner. 

Some which are now assumed by the contractor ought 

by right to be assumed by the owner. Other uncertainties 

may be eliminated entirely to the advantage 

of both parties. The improvement of present contract 

provisions is one of the simplest solutions for this 

problem. 

With these thoughts in mind the Committee on 

Contracts of the Associated General Contractors of 

ER AND STEAM FITTER 39 

by letters of appreciation from manufacturers. One 

production engineer of a large concern writes: 

"My purpose of having the motion picture production 

exhibited in the plant was to combat the silly excuses 

offered by both the foreman and workman for 

the failure of efficiency in drilling operations causing: 

(1) Low production figures; (2) excessive drill breakage; 

(3) excessive drill grinding. In most cases the 

excuse for inefficiency centered around the material to 

be drilled and in no case was any attempt made to 

examine the drill for proper or improper grinding or 

the cutting edges, or the point of the drill to determine 

the proper relation of feeds and speeds. Your 

film helped to drive home to everybody the soundness 

of my strenuous campaign for several weeks for 

correct drill grinding as a preliminary for getting 

results in drilling; this I consider of prime importance." 

The Cleveland Twist Drill Co. will furnish the 

film free of charge to manufacturers and dealers. 

With it is supplied a portable picture projecting ma 

chine operating from any lamp socket and it may 

be shown in any room that can be slightly darkened. 

Building Contractors 

Tradesmen Engaged In Any 

Work for Buildings 

America during the past year has made a study of 

113 different forms of contracts of various types. 

The committee are not prepared at this time to submit 

a complete form of contract embodying every 

provision which should be included in a good contract. 

They have, however, proved the following provisions 

which they recommend be included in every contract 

made by members of the Associated General Contractors 

of America. Additional provisions will be submitted 

from time to time. 

The suggestions of members and others interested 

are cordially invited. 

1. ACTION ON BIDS. Bids should be submitted with 

the provision that they must be acted upon within a 

reasonable time after their receipt. 

Proposed 2. FREIGHT RATE CHANGES — Bids 

Contract should be submitted on the basis of 

Provisions existing freight rates, with the provision 

that in case a change in rates 

should occur between the time bids are received and 

the date fixed for the completion of the contract, the 

contract price should be increased or decreased accordingly. 

3. WAGE SCALE CHANGES—Bids should be stated 

and be submitted on existing wage rates, with the 

provision that the contract price shall be increased or 

decreased in accordance with any change in such rates 

before the date fixed for the completion of the con 

tract. 

4. MATERIAL PRICE CHANGES—Bids should be submitted 

on the basis of existing prices for materials 

f. o. b. the producer's plant or distributor's yard, with 

the provision that the contract price shall be increased

40 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 9. 1920 

or decreased in accordance with any change in such 

price that takes place within the time allowed the 

contractor to purchase and fabricate his materials. 

5. MONTHLY ESTIMATES—Monthly estimates should 

include materials delivered and suitably stored as well 

as materials incorporated in the work. 

6. PARTIAL PAYMENTS—Certificates should be prepared 

and delivered to tlie contractor between the 

first and tenth day of each month, showing the proportionate 

part of contract price earned during the 

preceding month. These certificates should be paid by 

the owner by the tenth day of the month. Interest on 

deferred payments should be paid the contractor at 

the prevailing rate. 

7. CONTRACTOR'S RIGHT TO STOP WORK—Under 

the following conditions the contractor should have the 

right to stop work or terminate the contract upon 

three days' written notice to the owner and the architect, 

and recover from the owner payment for all work 

executed and any loss sustained upon any plant or 

material and reasonable profit and damages: 

(a) If the work should be stopped under an order of 

any court, or other public authority, for a period of three 

months, through no act or fault of the contractor or any 

one employed by him; 

(b) If the architect or engineer should fail to issue the 

monthly certificate for payment in accordance with the 

terms of contract; 

(c) If the owner should fail to pay the contractor, 

within seven days of its maturity and presentation, any 

sum certified by the architect or engineer or awarded by 

arbitration; 

(d) Tf the owner does not permit the contractor to proceed 

with construction within a reasonable time after signing 

the contract. 

8. RETAINED PERCENTAGE—The retained percentage 

should be based on 100 per cent of the work performed 

and should never exceed 10 per cent. When 

the amount retained reaches a total sum, which shall 

be mutually agreed upon by the owner and the contractor, 

no further reduction from payments should 

be made. 

9. SURETY BOND—Where a surety bond is given, 

it should be reduced to agreed intervals so as to cover 

thereafter only that portion of work then uncompleted. 

10. PENALTY CLAUSES—Wherever any provision is 

incorporated in the contract for a penalty against the 

contractor (including liquidated damages), there 

should also be inserted a provision for a bonus of like 

amount. 

11. ACTS OF GOD OR PUBLIC ENEMY—The contractor 

should not be held liable for results arising from 

the acts of God or public enemy. 

12. TIME ALLOWED FOR COMPLETION OF WORK— 

The time allowed for the completion of the work 

should be based on "weather working days" instead 

of on elapsed time, and, if necessary, allowance should 

be made for time spent in performing unproductive 

work made necessary by floods or other natural causes 

beyond the control of the contractor. 

13. INSPECTION — Where practicable, materials 

should be inspected at the source so that costly delay 

may not result from the rejection, at the site of the 

work, of materials furnished in good faith by the 

contractor. 

Uncle Joe Cannon some time ago revealed in 

a sentence the fundamental principle of an old 

bugaboo, "Labor and Capital." He said: 

"The man who earns a dollar is a laborer, and 

the man who saves a dollar is a capitalist. It 

is as impossible to separate labor and capital 

as it is to separate oxygen and nitrogen in the 

air and continue to breathe."—Dodge News. 

14. FORCE ACCOUNT WORK—Payment for force account 

work should be made on the basis of the tutal 

actual costs of the work, including the actual labor and 

material costs, rental on equipment, liability insurance, 

etc., plus a reasonable percentage to cover overhead 

and profit, total to be not less than 15 per cent. 

15. CHANGE IN QUANTITIES—In case the actual 

quantities of any item in a unit price contract are less 

than the estimated quantities by more than a certain 

fixed per cent, the unit price paid by the contractor 

for that item should be increased by an amount to be 

agreed upon. Similarly, a decrease in the unit prices 

should be made in case the quantities are increased 

over the estimate by more than a certain fixed per cent. 

IG. ARBITRATION—In no case should the engineer or 

architect be made the final judge as to the interpretation 

of the drawings and specifications or the performance 

of the contract. All decisions and interpretations 

should be subject to prompt arbitration at the choice 

of either party to the dispute.


This is thc tlace to submit your per 


plexing problems —the Place to 

problem and then you may be able to 



SERVKFTS GRATIS 

FROM W. H., NEW YORK CITY—I am about to heat 

a two-story house, the second floor plan of wliich is 

the counterpart of the first floor plan. The furnace 

is of good make and has a 14 in. grate, 

How Should 

Furnace Job 

be Rearranged? 

located as shown in the accompanying 

sketch. According to my view it should 

be moved 6 ft. further back to a point 

marked X. The cold air box leads 

from under the front porch which has 

trellis work around it and I contend it only gets sufficient 

air when the wind is from the west The cold 

air box I consider too small. It is 10 x 30 in., and I 

-10'AA'Peg. 

| \IS"xl4Reg 

=fi 

How Should Furnace Job Be Rearranged? 

am of the opinion that it should be 10 x 30 in. for the 

size of the grate with which the furnace is equipped. 

I should like to put a register in the kitchen which 

now has none. What I propose to do is to move the 

furnace back 6 ft. and sink it 3 in. lower so as to give 

more pitch to the pipes; then to increase the size of 

the 10 in. pipe to 12 in. as it is supposed to heat the 

dining room, upper bedroom and bathroom. I will 

put a 12 x 14 baseboard register in the kitchen and install 

a 10 x 12 in. floor register in the dining room also 

as a cold air return or should it be run back as a 

separate pipe? I consider a trunk line to heat the 

dining room, bedroom, bathroom and kitchen would 

not work as all the heat would be drawn to the highest 

point. 

FROM A. B., SOUTH DAKOTA—I would like to get 

a diagram of the best way to connect a range boiler 

in a bathroom on the second floor. There must be 

some way of doing it but I always put 

Connecting 

Boiler to 

Heat Bathroom 

my range boilers near the furnace. Now 

I have a customer who is going to build 

and who wants the range boiler in the 

bathroom so as to get a little heat from 

the boiler for warming the bathroom. 

Will METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

or some of its readers furnish a diagram showing the 

proper way to run or install the piping for a job like 

this? 

FROM FOUNDRYMAN, ILLINOIS—We are having 

trouble with a couple of separators that are installed 

to arrest the dust, the one from our cleaning room 

and the other from our polishing and trimming room. 

We have installed these arresters very 

Trouble with similar to the method illustrated in 

Separator the book "Practical Exhaust and Blow 

Pipe Work," by W. H. Hayes, Fig. 

26, 27 and 28. We have been cautioned by the concern 

that made our separators not to close up the 

bottom, but when the bottom is open we do not seem 

to get any efficiency. We shall be glad to get any 

advice on this matter that the readers can give. 

NOTE—If the size of the separator and ducts and 

speed at which fan is run and velocity in ducts are 

given to maker of separators, help may be expected. 

Those who have suggestions are invited to make them. 

FROM H. G. G, EAST TOLEDO, OHIO—Will you be 

so kind as to ask your readers to give us the standard 

proportions for the two types of sepa 

Proportions 

for Dust 

Separators 

rators shown in the accompanying 

sketch and also whether they are being 

manufactured so they ean be puri 

based? It will be noted that they are 

of different styles and somewhat out of the ordinary 

form of construction. 

Proportions for Dust Separators 

NOTE—In the issue of March 14, 1919, there are 

presented the proportions of the usual form of dust 

separators which may be of some service while those 

who are informed about the types shown are preparing 

the answers which they can readily give to the 

question presented.

42 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER J"l>' 9 - 1920 

^"^Metalworker | 


77ie Combination Shop 

THE EDITORS 

COMMENTARY 

THE neglect of proper ventilation of 

ships, both passenger and tramp, cannot 

be charged to those who do business 

on shore. Yet that their influence might be 

well exerted, is evidenced by the number of 

vessels on which the atmos- 

Ship pheric conditions prevailing 

Ventilation in dining saloon and staterooms 

are not only bad but 

their engine and stoker holds are criminally 

exhaustive to those who must work in them. 

While the matter of making them habitable 

would be simple, marine engineers have been 

woefully derelict in the common humanity 

of the provisions for the health and comfort 

of those on whom the movement of the ship 

depends. With the abundance of fresh air 

surrounding a ship on the high seas it is a 

simple matter to devise a system that will 

produce approximately as healthful conditions 

in the interior as on the outside of the 

ship. 

On another page is presented an article 

on ship ventilation, which not only describes 

a system successfully used on a large American 

passenger ship but shows how poor 

ventilation was corrected. 

Surely here is a lucrative field that merits 

the attention of both land and marine engineers 

and should be developed not simply 

for the business possibilities but for the 

benefit of both seagoing public and more 

particularly the better efficiency and health 

of the workers whose service is absolutely 

indispensable. If the marine engineer will 

not do his duty in this niatter the landsmen 

should do the right thing by the operating 

engineers and their working corps. During 

the war the American Society of Heating 

and Ventilating Engineers rendered a professional 

service that brought about almost 

a complete change in the naval construction 

of battleships, etc. The profession can do 

an equally necessary work for the merchant 

marine and it ought to be done. 

OPPORTUNITY to learn the trend of 

thought in reference to prices has been 

afforded by hearing the speakers who 

have attended various gatherings of the 

tradesmen and who are deeply interested in 

the basic cost on which the 

Conditions selling price is based. Very 

Support few goods are being made to 

Prices be stored in warehouses. 

Most of them are being moved 

as fast as the transportation facilities will 

permit. With no accumulations of stock in 

any line it is clear that what goes to the 

market is made up with labor at higher 

prices than formerly and of material, 

whether pig iron, copper, zinc or other 

similar material, selling at higher prices 

than some at least that have been known in 

the industry for many years. 

With the cost of labor and the cost of materials 

up there has been no hesitation on 

the part of the speakers to say that goods 

of various characters in the plumbing, heating, 

and sheet metal lines will not come 

down this year. But what will happen in 

another year is too far ahead to make a positive 

assertion and one man's guess on the 

future is as good as another's. There is no 

hesitation, however, to assert that prices will 

continue at their present level or possibly 

show some advances during the balance of 

this year and that the enterprising and 

courageous man will lay these facts before 

the people so that their hesitancy to buy 

may be overcome with the further statement 

that the quality of what is purchased, in a 

large measure, justifies the present price. 

A great deal of attention has been paid to 

making the product accomplish the purpose 

economically and continue in service permanently. 

The time is approaching when the sales 

manager will again come into his own. For 

some time back he has had the opportunity 

to rest from his labors while the plant manager 

and the production force have been occupied 

without any strain on him for assistance 

to keep the plant going. Already some 

of the shrewd forecasters for the future are 

laying plans and preparations for the sales 

force to go out after business backed up 

with good sound advertising campaigns. It 

is quite possible that the slogan used will be 

"More for the money than ever before 

rather than a cutting of price."


.. 

What the Words 

In Full to Date" on a Check Amount To 

By Elton J. Buckley 

IHAVE from F. M. Timden, Dubois, Pa., a letter 

asking a question which many another business 

man is also asking: 

I use a special check in paying all invoices, salaries, etc. 

In addition to my printed name and business across the left 

end of each check, I also have a space in which to indicate 

what the check has been issued for. In this space is the 

word "For," followed by a line thus: "For _ " 

Now if in this space I fill in the words "Account in full to 

date," which would then read: "For account in full to 

date," and same is mailed to a creditor and accepted by 

indorsement and deposited, in due time returning to me 

through the bank, will this not legally close the account and 

thus constitute a full settlement as intended on my part? 

Or puting it another way, of what value, if any, is a 

notation on a check indicating the payment of invoices due 

by inserting on the check date of same, or the words referred 

to, namely: "For account in full to date"? 

Not only this correspondent, but thousands of other 

business men of all shades and degrees, religiously 

print on the back of their checks, "In full to date," or, 

"In full of all claims to date," thinking that this saves 

them from any possible controversy over the account. 

But it doesn't. Unless there has been some dispute 

over the ccount, such words on a check have no effect 

at all. If more is actually owed than the amount represented 

by the check, the creditor can sue for it and 

get it, even though he knows when he accepted the 

check that it purported to be a receipt in full. 

Let us consider first cases in which there has been 

no dispute over what is due. The account between 

the parties is clear and straightforward. The debtor 

either accidentally or by design sends a check to the 

creditor for a smaller sum than that actually due, and 

marks it "In full of all claims to date." The creditor 

accepts it, banks it and gets the money. Later he discovers 

that the check doesn't cover the account. He 

can get the balance in spite of the notation on the 

check. 

Or take another common case—where the creditor 

inadventently sends the debtor a bill for less than is 

due. The debtor sees this and thinking to play sharp, 

sends a check for the incorrect amount and marks it 

"In full to date." Here, too, the creditor can get the 

balance, and the notation on the check is not a bar. 

This is under an old common law rule which existed 

everywhere until certain States modified it. The rule 

can be stated thus: 

Where the debt or demand is liquidated or certain (that 

is, where the sum due is settled and fixed.—E. J. B.), and 

is due, payment of the debtor and receipt by the creditor of 

a less sum is not a satisfaction thereof, although the creditor 

agrees to accept it as such, if there be no release under 

seal or no new consideration given. Payment of a less 

amount than is due operates only as a discharge of the 

amount paid, leaving the balance still due, and the creditor 

may sue therefor, notwithstanding the agreement. 

The reason for this rule is that the agreement is without 

consideration or void, as the debtor is under an obligation 

•Copyright by Elton J. Buckley. 

lo pay the whole debt at the time, and the creditor is entitled 

to receive the whole. 

Under this it was formerly the law everywhere that 

the creditor could get the balance of an undisputed 

debt, even where he had actually agreed with the 

debtor in writing (though not under seal) to accept 

part of it in full. He could override that agreement 

as if it had never existed, because it had no consideration. 

This rule has been modified in Alabama, California, 

Georgia, Maine, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, 

Connecticut and Mississippi. In those States a debtor 

and a creditor can settle an undisputed debt for part 

of it, and they do not even need to do it in writing. 

But the law of all those States insists that both 

parties know what they are doing and intend to do 

precisely what they are about to. In none of these 

States would a simple notation on a check bind a 

creditor not to go after the balance of an undisputed 

debt, the agreement between them would have to go 

much further than that. 

It is therefore the law everywhere, with the possible 

exception of North Carolina, that a creditor who 

accepts a check bearing the aforesaid notation, if the 

debt is undisputed, is not bound by it, but can get the 

balance. 

There are two exceptions to this which should be 

cited. First is where there is some consideration for 

the agreement to take less than the whole in full. For 

instance, A owes B $1,000, payable December 1. Being 

in need of money, B goes to A on September 1 

and says, "If you'll pay me now I'll throw off $100." 

A agrees and pays him $900. That settlement is good, 

because it had a consideration, viz.: paying the debt 

before it was due. 

The other exception is where an agreement to accept 

less than the whole in full is under seal. A 

owes B $1,000. There is no dispute about the amount. 

A offers $900 in full settlement and B, being somewhat 

in doubt as to A's finances, or needing the money 

himself, accepts it. They then execute an agreement, 

and at the end of each signature put the scrawl which 

represents "Seal." That settlement will also be good, 

because it was under seal, and the seal, which is an 

" insignia used for the purpose of solemnly binding the 

contract, gives it a legal consideration. 

Everything said so far refers to cases where there 

has been no dispute between the parties as to the 

amount of the debt. Where there has been dispute, 

and the debtor sends a check for a smaller amount 

than the creditor has contended was due, with a notation 

on like that under discussion, the creditor, if he 

accepts it, is done. The law says then that the parties

44 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER luly 9. 1920 

have made in effect a compromise agreement which 

must stand. Here is the law on those cases: 

Where a claim is unliquidaed or in dispute, payment and 

acceptance of a less sum than claimed in satisfaction operates 

as accord and satisfaction as the rule that the receiving 

of a part of the debt due, under an agreement that the same 

shall be in full satisfaction, is no bar to an action to recover 

the balance—does not apply where the claim is disputed 

or unliquidated. In such case each party agrees to 

take (or receive) a sum different from his claim, so there 

is mutual consideration. 

Buy For Needs Only 

The action of the Federal Reserve Banking System 

and bankers generally to curtail all loans which are 

not made to finance necessities was commended by 

Arthur J. Morris, the founder of the Morris Plan. 

Mr. Morris said that the present nation-wide movement 

was entirely in line with the policy originally 

adopted by the Morris Plan and closely adhered to 

ever since its inception 10 years ago. 

The 103 Morris Plan banks and companies throughout 

the United States are continuing to do an everincreasing 

volume of business in loans for useful purposes 

and ineeonomically financing the time payment 

sales of retail dealers. 

No loans are ever made on the Morris Plan unless 

they are to meet some important needs, such as to 

cover the expenses of illness, to satisfy necessary 

debts or to buy household necessities or homes or 

money-saving value. As often explained, all of our 

other property which represent immediate needs and 

loans, and they now amount to a total of more than 

$160,000,000, must be made for a remedial or constructive 

purpose. And this same policy is rigidly 

adhered to by all of our banks and companies in 

financing the time-payment sales of retail dealers 

through retail trade acceptances. 

As we say in our advertisements featuring retail 

dealers in this city, "The Morris Plan Co. will not 

finance any purchaser who does not have an actual 

need of the article purchased nor who does not have 

a sufficient earning power to justify his outlay." We 

urge purchasers always to pay cash if they can in 

preference to using the Morris Plan, but if it is absolutely 

necessary that they purchase an article and 

cannot readily pay the full cash price for it, why 

then the Morris Plan is at their service. 

Under no circumstances will we finance the purchase 

of anything which may be considered a luxury. 

Without any change whatsoever in our policy, we now 

find ourselves in the forefront of this very desirable 

movement to curb extravagance in every possible way. 

In reference to the country getting over the stringent 

condition now confronting it he said: "If the people 

will stop spending money and practice the same 

kind of economy and generally make the same kind 

of sacrifices as they did shortly after we entered the 

World War, the people themselves will avoid a financial 

crisis. They arose to the occasion in 1917; why 

not do it now and save themselves, as before they 

saved the world?" 

librarians. It will carry out its enlarged program in 

close co-operation with public libraries, library commissions 

and the special libraries associations. 

These agencies already have done much toward encouraging 

the use of technical books by the men and 

women who have the most to gain by reading them 

and will continue their endeavors indefinitely. These 

agencies, however, earnestly seek the support of every 

employer throughout the country, that the effort may 

successful. 

Books as Tools* 

By E. A. GOEWAY 

'T'HE American employer, still striving to overcome 

the many unusual business and financial conditions 

which have followed the war, is convinced that the 

most serious of his problems is a pronounced shortage 

of labor and a dearth of workers skillful to the point 

of high proficiency. 

The American employer soon must face a sharp 

foreign competition. However, qualitv rather than 

quantity will stabilize "Made in America" goods in 

the world's markets. To do this, he must obtain employees 

who tire thoroughly capable. 

Ho can he obtain this much-desired efficiency on 

the part of his employees ? 

There is no question that one solution of this difficulty 

points straight to the magic gateway to erudition—books. 

Already far-seeing heads of business institutions 

have in their plants special libraries of technical 

books for their workers and themselves, giving 

the most minute information upon the industry, and 

such books are in demand for the lunch hour and for 

reading at home. Several of the great commercial and 

business institutions have found the installation of a 

special library of technical books was a wise step. 

There still is a deplorable lack of good libraries in 

business houses, shops, mills and manufactories. The 

significant slogan should be: "Books for everybody." 

In the war the American Library Association supplied 

to men in service, both here and overseas, more 

than 7,000,000 books and now has an enlarged 

program. 

It is to encourage a larger use of the technical books 

now in the public libraries and to urge employers of 

labor in factories and plants to install special libraries 

of technical books for the use of their employees. It 

will endeavor to bring about the extension of the 

county library system into use in all parts of the 

country that the smallest hamlets may have the newest 

and best books. Publishers will be asked to print 

such standard American works, in the various foreign 

tongues, so that the immigrant can have this literature 

in the language which he will understand most easily. 

To carry out this enlarged program the American 

Library Association will raise a fund of $2,000 000 

not, however, by an intensive drive or campaign! but 

through the librarians, library trustees and friends of 

libraries. 

The American Library Association was organized 

44 years ago and has a membership of 4.000° acti-e 

•Director of Magazine Department American Library Associ :ion. 24 West 39th Street, New York City.


News of the 

TRADE ASSOCIATION 

66. 

J. A. Bennet with a net score of 71 won the guest 

prize, a handsome medal fob. 

Jake Weil, who had a gross score of 147 for the 18 

holes, won the Duffer's Cup. Captain E. W. Sanborn 

announced that Weil Bros, would have an ample supply 

pipe and fittings as the prize is made entirely of 

fittings. 

The members enjoyed luncheon and dinner at the 

club house. In the absence of President C. D. (Boots) 

Little who had just come out of the hospital after 

having undergone an operation, Captain Sanborn presided 

and distributed the prizes to the winners as per 

score sheet. 

MORNING QUALIFYING ROUND 

H. M. Algeo 55 

S. L. Wright 23 

H. E. Harper "1 

C. E. Bagnell +1 

Paul Blatchford -> 

Western Trade Golf Tournament 

at Olympia Fields 

Thirty-two Members and Guests Attend Second 

Meet of Season on June 30 

For the second time this year Olympia Fields Country 

Club extended the privilege of its grounds to the 

Western Trade Golf Association for the tournament 

on Wednesday, June 30. Thirty-two members and 

guests were out for the sport. Many of the "regufars" 

were obliged to pass up the tournament because 

the annual picnic of the 

Chicago Master Steam Fitters' 

Association was held 

the same day, but a sufficient 

number were on 

hand to make the day and 

the play enjoyable. 

The chief interest was 

centered in the contest between 

Joseph F. Carroll 

and William Devine, Jr., 

who tied for the association 

cup at the initial meet 

last month. This event 

aroused considerable enthusiasm 

for Joe who was 

congratulated on the honor 

c_' 

of winning the cup with a 

Captain 

Sanborn 

net of 81 for the 18 holes 

to 87 for his opponent. Joe twice before winning the 

honor of having his name placed on the cup, the trophy 

is now his permanently. Bill who holds his handicap 

proved a good loser and will be a strong contender 

for the new cup. The despised "Lindy Leaguers," 

who are showing improved form it is freely predicted 

will shortly come into their own. 

The first winner to place his name on the new association 

cup is Tom Barnes of Mansfield, Ohio, with 

the good gross score of 82, or 10 above par for the 

course. His handicap of 16 gave him a net score of 

7 

J. A. Bennett 

44 

T. C. Kenney 50 

C. R. Elliott 50 

R. C. Flinder 46 

M. J. (>arniecki 

4 Wm. Devine, Jr 

Harold Cross 

° 

50 

&J 

Frank S. Crumley 54 

E. W. Sanborn 

Peter M. Munn 

51 

59 

A. S. Lindeblad 

6 ; 

H. A. Craig ^ 

C. Taylor 

T. L. Lewis 

R. M. Nelson 

• 

 

^* 

°" 

H. A. Shaw t\ 

H. M. Sedgwick 

L. Bruce Fulton 

50 

" 

L. E. Wallace 

E. L. Dawes 

Ben Weil 

T. M. Weil 

H. P. Mason 

5_ 

2_ 

» 

f, 

4b 

FIRST FLIGHT 

Gross Handicap Net 

M T. Czarniecki (winner) 

H. P. Mason 

Wm. Devine, Jr 

97 

91 

119 

20 

12 

30 

77 

79 

89 

Jos. F. Carroll 

SECOND FLIGHT 

T. Barnes (cup winner) 82 16 66 

97 16 81 

R. C. Flinder (winner) 

E. L. Dawes 

L. Bruce Fulton 

96 

}07 

10' 

21 

30 

29 

/S 

77 

78 

THIRD FLIGHT 

H. Craig (winner) 93 18 75 

T. A. Bennett (guest prize) 

Paul Blatchford 

C. R. Elliott 

FOURTH FLIGHT 

S. L. Wright (winner) J07 26 81 

87 

102 

4 

1« 

16 

20 

18 

/l 

W 

86 

F S. Crumley 

E. W. Sanborn 

H. M. Algeo 

'. 

15 30 

100 18 . 

Did not hmsh 

85 

82 

FIFTH FLIGHT 

T. C. Kennedy (winner) 98 28 70 

L. E. Wallace 

H. M. Sedgwick 

1»J 

9 

f S 

4 H. M. Sedwick 95 14 

| 

81 

R. R. Sterling 

SIXTH FLIGHT 

Peter Munn (winner) JI? 30 8, 

A. S. Lindebled 

99 

\ 

16 83 

2 \ 30 91 

Harold Cross ,Q ue 

H. E. Harper 

SEVENTH FLIGHT 

C. C. Bagnell (guest) 87 6 81 

R. L. Ottke (guest) 

 

» " », 

T. A. Lewis (guest) 

C. Taylor (guest) 

93 IS " 

1 EIGHTH FLIGHT 

~ 

qc 15 79 

H. Shaw (winner) »' £ 103 

B. Weil ,,, 30 117 

T. M. Weil 

R. M. Nelson (guest) 

\f. 

ui 

f0 

M 

m 

The following were unanimously elected to membership: 

Cephas Taylor, Jr.. A. M. Byers Co.; Ben Weil, 

J M Weil and Martin Weil, Weil Bros.; R. M. Nelson, 

Sloan Valve Co.; Thomas P. Wade, Wade Iron 

Sanitary Mfg. Co.; R. L Ottke, Standard Sanitary 

Mfg. Co.; Eugene Murray, Ohio Brass Co., and Kicliard 

Collings, formerly with the American Pin Co. 

A unanimous vote of thanks was tendered to H. M. 

Craig and the Board of Directors of the Olympia 

Fields Country Club. 

The next meet will be held the latter part of July.

46 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 9, 1920 

Chicago Steam Fitters' 

Dease made the best score in the golf putting contest, 

and Harry Hart shelled more pease than his rivals. 

Romp at Ravinia 

George Ruud was the most expert at quoits, and the 

steam fitters relay team led the salesmen to the tape. 

Sixth Annual Outing Enjoyed by Several Hundred Members 

The many handsome prizes were presented to the 

and Guests on Wednesday. June 30 

winners by George Kirk, and everybody was ready 

A perfect day and a beauty spot of the North Shore, for the chow call, which was sounded immediately. 

Ravinia Park, was the irresistable combination that An excellent chicken dinner was served in the Casino, 

drew several hundred members and guests of the after which many motored home, while music lovers 

Chicago Master Steam Fitters' Association to the sixth remained te hear tho opera "Lucia" given by well 

annual outing, June 30. 

known grando pera stars assisted by the Chicago 

Nearly a hundred cars lined up in Lincoln Park, Symphony orchestra. 

and were gayly decorated with American flags and 

blue and white pennants, and everybody was given Honor for Isaac J. Brown 

badges and programs of the day's events. The au 

Loyalty to the National Association 

tomobile committee headed by Charles Lamb found 

of Master Plumliers Recognized 

seats for everyone, and got the long procession started Seldom is a more substantial tribute paid to sterling 

for the hour's drive along the Lake Shore and through qualities of character and competence than was paid 

the Chicago suburbs. 

by Frank B. Lasette as president of the National Association 

of Master Plumbers to Isaac J. Browne, 100 

West Eightieth Street, New York City, in his appointment 

as treasurer of that body to fill the vacancy 

caused by the death of the treasurer, John Trainor, of 

Baltimore. 

The loyalty of Mr. Brown to the association and 

its interest all recognize and none are better qualified 

to judge of his superior business talents than his 

legion of association friends. 

Here was a matter that required in its adjustment 

the highest regard for the late treasurer, the service 

Picnic lunches were disposed of promptly, and at 

1:30 the rival ball teams lined up to play "indoor 

baseball" outdoors, with Cragin pitching and Lavalle 

catching for the steam fitters, and Foster and Doherty 

doing similar dutv for the salesmen. The umpires 

were Dugger and Lamb. Glennon and Casey keeping 

the water pail filled and Powers and Brady official 

scorers. 

Jim Doherty led off for the salesmen and lifted the 

second ball pitched into the left garden for a three 

bagger. Foster doubled and scored on Scudder's single, 

the latter breezing home on an infield tap. The 

steam fitters went out in order in their half, and Cragin 

gave the salesmen the same deal in the second. 

Affeldt singled in the second, scoring on Usher's hit, 

who came home when Gawne singled, giving the 

steam fitters two tallies. 

Doherty opened the third with a homer into deep 

center, which brought loud cheers from the salesmen's 

section. They annexed another in the fourth, while 

the steam fitters failedt o score. But with the score 

•5 to 2 against them, thes team fitters manufactured a 

run in the fifth on a base on balls and two stolen bases 

A single by Flynn, a double by Tom Douglas and 

singles by Gawne and Gemeny brought in three runs 

m the sixth, while Haas blanked the salesmen in their 

half. Weil hit for a single, and road home on the circuit 

clout of L. R. Taylor, making two runs, and the 

score 7 to 6 in the salesmen's favor. Their triumph 

was short lived for the steam fitters came back and 

put over three runs during their turn at bat, which 

entitled them to the silver loving cup. 

The athletic games were started by O. D. Steele 

Joe Storey as umpire, George Kirk as recorder Wilham 

Benoit and R. J. Madigan at the finish line 

Children s foot races were held, then a potato race 

egg and spoon race, ball throwing and nail driving 

tests for ladies. 

b 

Roger Kilby led the field in the 100-yard dash for 

steam fitters, Tom Douglas second, while Doherty led 

the salesmen to the tape. In the finals between the 

winners of the two foregoing races Roger Kilby finished 

first. Kratz won in the sack race and Deland 

touched the tape first in the hopping race. For the 

three-legged race Lavelle and Elwood established a 

record with Usher and Anderson close seconds. F 

Isaac J. Brown 

of a man of sound financial standing and a keen insight 

into the association's accounting to bring, in the 

brief time available, a report to the annual convention 

which would shed further honor on a trusted member 

and place at his disposal a complete knowledge of 

every detail of its affairs. 

The splendid service of Mr. Brown is now a matter 

of record. ' A tribute was paid by his friends in 

nominating him for election as treasurer and again 

Mr. Brown showed his fine spirit in withdrawing in 

tavor of Richard T. Welch, with whom he had worked 

in many conventions. 

There will never be a eall from the association for


Service which Mr. Brown can render that will go 

unheard by him and it will "be a pleasure to the members 

to have recalled this work in an emergency unostentatiously 

done by a man of known standing. 

To allow it to pass unnoticed is to fail in appreciation. 

Plumbers' New National Headquarters 

A letter from D. F. Durkin, Jr., president of the 

National Association of Master Plumbers, informs us 

that the headquarters of the association is located 

at 108 South Twentieth Street, Philadelphia, Pa., in 

charge of John Whitaker, executive clerk, and that 

those who have any business with the association may 

bring it to attention at the headquarters. 

Massachusetts' Master Plumbers 

to Hold Annual Outing 

Committee Appointed to Arrange for Affairs to Be Held 

the Latter Part of August 

The Massachusetts Master Plumbers' Association 

is arranging for its annual outing which will probably 

be held some time the latter part of August. 

A committee consisting of E. W. Cox, J. Preston 

Perham, both former presidents of the association, and 

J. Wilbur Thompson, the present president, has been 

appointed to have the matter in charge. 

Patterson Master 

Plumbers' Association 

Large Attendance and Great Interest Shown 

at Open Meeting 

On Wednesday, June 28, State Organizer William 

F. Beck, Orange, N. J., visited the Master Plumbers' 

Association at Paterson, N. J., at the time of its regular 

meeting. He was accompanied by V. P. Christofferson 

and after Mr. Beck had explained the blanket 

bond for liability insurance and many other matters of 

interest to the association including some report about 

the convention in Pittsburgh, Mr. Christofferson was 

introduced. 

He spoke in detail of the things which the state association 

had done for the plumbers of New Jersey in 

having their compensation insurance rate reduced and 

through this feature it had increased its membership. 

The meeting was largely attended by members and 

in view of the character of information that was to be 

presented, it was an open meeting and a great deal of 

interest was shown so that there is hope of making 

Paterson an association with a 100 per cent, membership. 

Heating and Piping Contractors 

of Boston Hold Outing 

Party Enjoys Sail Down Boston Harbor to Pemberton 

Where Dinner Was Served and Games Played 

The Heating and Piping Contractors' Association, 

Inc., Boston, Mass., held its mid-summer outing at 

Pemberton, on Tuesday, June 29, members gathering 

for the hour's sail down Boston Harbor during the 

early morning and the return being made in the late 

afternoon. A few of the members motored down over 

the 30-mile trip. 

Arriving at the Pemberton Inn grounds, the timehonored 

baseball game between the members and the 

supply houses was staged. The position of referee 

was a difficult one and it took several persons with 

plenty of backing to carry the work through to success. 

When the smoke cleared away, the members 

were found to be the victors with a score of 16 to 11 

in their favor. Their success was admitted at the start 

of the game when it was found that the same battery 

that won the match last year had been secured for the 

contest, M. E. Chase pitching, while Ex-president 

Frank A. Merrill was on the receiving end. Thzy 

have already been engaged for the same work next 

season and have been assured a job just as long as 

they continue to keep the association's team on the 

winning end. 

After the game, most of those present shook the 

dust of the field from their persons by a cool swim 

in the big pool. 

There were about 25 members, jobbers and allied 

trades members including the sheet metal men, covering 

men, specialty men and the boiler manufacturers, 

who sat down to the excellent dinner in the 

balcony of the semi-open dining room. President 

James W. Woodward of the association, of the firm 

of Lynch & Woodward, was toastmaster, and the 

speaking which was wholly informal, was given by 

some of the allied trades members including John H. 

Towle, boiler representative for H. B. Smith & Co.; 

John Lynch, Hodge Boiler Works; John Slattery, 

Crane Co., and George Elliot, Walworth Mfg. Co. 

All touched upon the benefits of association work and 

frequent gatherings of the members. 

"Sandy" Chapman furnished entertainment during 

the dinner, assisted by talent from the cabaret and 

dancing girls of the Inn. Many clever "stunts" were 

also arranged by the committee. In one of these, 

Ex-President Frank A. Merrill was arrested by Ex- 

Patrolman Kelleher of the Boston police force acting 

as a liquor enforcement officer. The stunt was cleverly 

worked and Merrill was able to secure bail from the 

members and was allowed to complete his stay with 

the party. Then a telegram arrived stating the alleged 

"liquor" was found to be ginger ale. 

President Woodward was considerably surprised 

when a live goat was lead into the balcony by two bellhops 

and presented to him from the association. It 

developed that the goat had been purchased on Cape 

Cod the previous day and taken to the Inn in an auto, 

the cushions of the back of the car showing the rough 

usage to which the goat had put them. After some 

coaxing and rapid stepping, President Woodward was 

able to lead the goat from the balcony and to take 

it home with him by auto. 

F. S. Cleghorn, cleverly disguished as an Italian 

animal trainer, with H. E. Whitten as the bear, gave 

a brief entertainment and it was several minutes before 

they were recognized by their closest friends. 

The affair was in charge of a committee consisting 

of F. S. Cleghorn, Elmer L. Sollis and Fuller C. Scofield, 

ably assisted by Secretary C. W. Sisson.

48 

METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

New England 

Plumbing Inspectors 

July 9, 1920 

Entertainment Program Outlined for Gathering 

Canobie Lake Park, Salem, N. H., to Be Scene of Picnic with 

at Battle Creek, July 16 and 17 

Semi-Annual Meeting at Lawrence, Mass. 

The New England Association of Plumbing Inspectors 

will hold its semi-annual meeting and outing 

at Canobie Lake Park, Salem, N. H., Thursday, July 

15, with the business session at Lawrence, Mass., preceeding 

the automobile ride to the park. 

The members will gather at the Lawrence City Hall 

and after the business session will play their annual 

baseball game at Canobie Park and indulge in other 

sports. Dinner will be served at I p. m. 

Maurice Hirschstein, Joseph Hirschstein, and William G. 

Solomon of Josam Mfg., Co., Michigan City, Ind., at 

Entrance to Motor Square Garden, Pittsburgh, Where 

They Made an Exhibit During tlie Plumbers' Convention. 

Proceedings of Heating and 

Ventilating Engineers 

The members of the American Society of Heating 

and Ventilating Engineers are receiving the volume 

No. 25 of the Proceedings of the society for the year 

1919, which occupies 432 pages. The delay in its 

appearance has been due to the conditions which have 

prevailed in the printing trade for some time back. 

Doubtless it will be studied by the members with 

some interest inasmuch as it treats of many interesting 

things. Not least important to the heating industry 

at the present time is the information about the 

effect of humidity upon health and comfort in the 

home. Tlie ideas brought out in the discussion of humidity 

are that the average man, woman or child encounters 

the conditions which produce diseases in his 

own home rather than in the places where a multitude 

of people assemble. 

The proceedings of the society for many years have 

been used as text books in schools and many libraries 

realize their value and provide them for the benefit 

of their patrons. Tliis year there is a very considerable 

amount of valuable information and as the book 

can be procured by those who are not members of the 

society, the information they contain is open to the 

entire industry. 

The book i.s issued from the society's headquarters, 

29 West Thirty-ninth Street. New York Citv. 

Michigan Sheet Metal 

Contractors Outing 

Through the courtesy of State Secretary F. E. Ederle, 

1121 Franklin Street, S. E., Grand Rapids, 

Mich., the following program is presented for the fifth 

annual outing of the Michigan Sheet Metal Contractors' 

Association, to be held in Battle Creek on Friday 

and Saturday, July 16 and 17. 

Friday morning will be taken up with the registration 

and reception at the Post Tavern. At 1.30 p. m. 

a sightseeing trip will start, visiting Camp Custer, 

Battle Creek Sanitarium and the Kellogg Corn Flake 

Co., where special guides will be provided. In the 

evening there will be a banquet at the Post Tavern, 

dancing in the Bridge Room and cards in the Blue 

Room. 

Saturday at 9.00 o'clock tliere will be a baseball 

game on the league grounds at Goguac Lake. Employees 

of Kalamazoo and of Battle Creek will battle 

for the supremacy. Boating, bathing and other entertainment 

at the lake will be provided. At noon a 

lunch will be served by the Battle Creek Association 

to its guests. At 1.30 p. m. there will be a vaudeville 

entertainment, followed by general sports and at 

.3.30 a ball game will be played between a team selected 

from Lansing, Saginaw and Flint, with Albert 

Klopf as team captain, and a team from Battle Creek, 

Kalamazoo and Jackson, with James Shouldice as captain. 

This game is to decide the ownership of the loving 

cup now held by Saginaw. Only active members 

residing in these cities will be allowed to participate 

in the game. 

Visitors are requested to register early and get 

badges whieli will enable them to participate in all 

of the entertainments. The committees in charge are 

under Williani Lusk as general chairman. The banquet 

committee is composed of Mr. and Mrs. William 

Lusk; entertainment committee—Mr. and Mrs. C. Jensen, 

Mr. and Mrs. F. E. Ederle and Mr. and Mrs. 

James Shouldice; reception committee—Mr. and Mrs. 

George Lowder> Mr. and Mrs. Guy Fitzgerald, Mr. 

and Mrs. John Darlington, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Ruele 

and Mrs. Frank Walters; finance committee—M. L. 

Jones and John Darlington; hotel reservation committee—L. 

Parrish, C. H. Ederle and Lon Shouldice. 

Accompanying the program and invitation is a copy 

of the 1920 roster of the active and auxiliary members, 

in which President F. T. Daly takes opportunity 

to explain the use of the roster to increase the acquaintance 

of the membership and the efficiency of the 

association. It gives not only the officers of the association 

and the list of the members, but also the list 

of the members of the auxiliary association composed 

of salesmen with their addresses and the house they 

represent. It gives the example of the overhead expense 

of a three-man shop and also the cost of four 

squares of 40-lb. tin roofing as shown by A. B. Lewless 

at the Saginaw convention. It points out that the 

next state convention will be held in Flint in 1921

July 9, 1920 METALWORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 49 

Will Sheet Metal Men 

Drive Their Industry? 

Sheet Metal and Roofing Contractors 

Suggestions in Article Approved by Members of Baltimore 

The article by the above head which appeared in 

the July 2 issue of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER ANO 

STEAM FITTER contained such practical information 

and valuable suggestions for the sheet metal contractor 

that the copy sent to the Sheet Metal and Slag 

Roofing Contractors' Association of Baltimore was 

read at its meeting on May 27. The letter from Secretary 

J. E. La Mottee is given below and needs no 

further comment. 

This article should prove of value to every sheet 

metal man and, if you have not read it, get a copy of 

the July 2 issue and turn to page 3. 

THE SHEET METAL AND SLAG ROOFING CON 

TRACTORS' ASSOCIATION OF BALTIMORE 

SF.CRETARY'S OFFICE 

407 West Lombard Street 

Baltimore, Md. 

June 3, 1920. 

Mr. Frank K. Chew, Editor 

Metal Worker, Plumber and Steam Fitter 

243 West 39th St., New York City. 

Dear Sir:—Your letter addressed to W. A. Fingles under 

date of May 24th, together with the paper entitled 

"Will Sheet Metal Men Drive Their Industry," was read 

at the meeting of this association on May 27. 

I take pleasure in stating that in the opinion of the 

members of our association the suggestions as outlined 

therein are indeed practical, and if followed out, would 

greatly help in the advancement of the trade, and be a 

great factor in producing more efficiency among the craft. 

Acting, therefore, on that part of your article which 

suggests cutting clippings from trade journals, and gathering 

other information which might be of interest to the 

association and reading same at our meetings, not only 

on subjects pertaining to our craft, but on other questions 

having to do with progressive business methods in 

other fields; this association has appointed a committee 

to be known as "The Driving Committee," personnel of 

which is Charles T. Brandt, Joseph E. Watkins, G. E. 

Strobel, and Charles E. Weems. 

The duty of this committee will be to gather information 

as outlined above and devise means of Driving The 

Sheet Metal Business Ahead. 

It might be of interest to you to know that we have an 

answer as to the practicability of your suggestion in one 

of our own members who does all his own pattern drafting. 

He gained his knowledge of this art, when as a 

boy serving his apprenticeship, he cut patterns out of 

trade journals and applied them to practical every-day 

use, together with earnest thought and study, which if 

rightly pursued always leads to the top in every profession. 

Permit me in closing to state, we think your article well 

written, full of much useful information, and thank you 

for the opportunity of presenting it so clearly before the 

members of this association. 

Very respectfully yours, 

(Signed) J. E. LA MOTTEE, Secretary. 

National Association of Waste 

Material Dealers 

Hold Quarterly Meeting at Hotel Astor, 

New York City, June 15, 16 and 17 

The quarterly meeting of the National Association 

of Waste Material Dealers, which includes in its 

membership dealers ill rags, paper, rubber, waster, 

scrap metal and by-products, was held at the Hotel 

Astor, New York City, on June 15, lu and 17. President 

F. W. Reidenbach requested the co-operation of 

the daily press in designating those engaged in this 

trade as waste material dealers rather than junkmen, 

since the aggregate annual business of this essential 

industry now totaled almost one billion dollars and 

the tradesmen were entitled to a more dignified term. 

The Metal Division inserted an additional clause 

under "Delivery" in the present metal classification, 

and changes in item No. 20. Also items No. 30 and 

31, regarding Monel metal scrap and turnings, were 

added. 

The Scrap Iron Division deferred action on the 

controversy between the Pacific Coast dealers and 

the railroads in reference to what is or what is not 

entitled to be classified as scrap iron, until a later 

meeting to be held in the middle west. 

THE TOURISTS IN PACKARD 

To the recent Convention of the National Association 

of Sheet Metal Contractors at Peoria; John H. 

Gunther, Harry Guenther, E. P. Gunther and R. 

E. Cooney, Ir.. of W. F. Zeller Co. 

Engineering Advertisers' Assoeiation 

Discuss Photo Engraving 

At the recent meeting of the Engineering Advertisers' 

Assoeiation at the Hotel LaSalle, Chicago, 

Louis Flader, Commissioner of American 

Photo Engraving Assoeiation, gave an interesting 

talk on the subject of photo engraving. Mr. 

Flader's business career has been devoted almost 

exclusively to the engraving field, and a better 

posted man on that subject would be hard to find. 

The Engineering Advertisers' Association will 

rest during July and August; the next regular 

meeting will be held on Sept. 14. 


ALL THE TRADES 

PERSONAL NOTES 

PRESIDENT O. A. HOFFMAN, of the Milwaukee Association 

of Sheet Metal Contractors, accompanied by 

Mrs. Hoffman and Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Stoltz. is

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 9, 1920 

distribution is due to their high grade and quality, 

finish and service and tliis service, it is said, proves 

their worth. Tliis is the claim that is made by the 

Quakertown Stove Works, Quakertown, Pa., which 

has. since July 19. 1917. continued the business formerly 

conducted under the name of Roberts, Winner 

& Co. As yet the stove trade throughout the country 

is not thoroughly aware of the change and new name. 

This is due to the fact that many stoves still have the 

name of the old concern, but their repairs and the 

new line under the name Beechwood all come from 

the Quakertown Stove Works. 

The company states that it has reorganized its selling 

force and is now working on an efficient basis, 

with the result that 80 per cent, of this year's production 

was sold in the first five months and the produet 

is being distributed over a territory which includes 

Xew York State, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland. 

Delaware and the District of Columbia, so that 

it is growing wider in its scope. 

It is claimed that the maintenance of the high 

quality of tlie Beechwood line through uncertainty of 

labor, scarcity of material and shipping difficulties has 

resulted in establishing in the trade a faith in the 

Beechwood goods and the company that manufactures 

them. This faith has brought an increased demand 

for the Beechwood line with the result that in order 

to maintain the efficient and sincere service, the com 

pany has had to enlarge its plant and has now under 

construction a new building which will take care of 

the shipping, warehouse and the office, and whieli will 

be two stories in height. 42 ft. G in. wide x 147 ft. in 

lengtli. This conipany is also building an enameling 

plant 38 x 110 ft.. This will enable the company to 

meet the demand that has grown up for enameled 

ranges and stoves. 

HEATING AND PLUMBING 

THE BUFFALO FORGE Co., Buffalo, N. Y., has again 

been entertaining the sales staff and in the week of 

June 22-25 there were several papers read and discussed, 

including one on "The Design of Galvanized 

Ducts with Special Reference to Factory Heating," 

by L. C. McClanahan; one by H. F. Gremmel 

on the "Buffalo-Klein System of Heating"; one 

by B. R. Andrews on "The Dryjeetor"; one by CA. 

Roth on "Types and Characteristics of Multiblade 

Fans." H. P. Gant, Philadelphia, had a paper on 

"Sewage Pump Installations," and Robert W. 

Pryor, Jr., had a paper on "Buffalo Apparatus in 

Paper Mills." One discussion in which the boys 

were interested was by Miss Lillian Greene of the 

bookkeeping department on the Proper Distribution 

of Commissions. 

THE SYRACUSE VAPOR HEAT CO., Syracuse, N. Y., 

manufacturer of heating equipment, has increased 

its capital stock from $10,000 to $75,000. 

THE IRON CITY PIPE & FITTINGS CO, a co-operative 

merchants' sanitary pipe works, commenced operations 

in Birmingham, Ala, on June 22. The 

Birmingham Pipe & Fittings Co. will commence 

operations during the week. 

THE LUDLOW VALVE MFG. CO, Troy, N. Y, a New 

Jersey corporation, manufacturer of high pressure 

valves, hydrants, etc, lias increased its capital stock 

from $1,000,000 to $1,300,000. 

THE WALL PUMP & MFG. CO, Quincy, 111, has been 

organized by George A. Wall, formerly associated 

with the Gardner Governor Co, Quincy, to manufacture 

vacuum pumps, presses and other specialties. 

THE PETROLEUM HEAT & POWER Co, Stamford, 

Conn, has been given a permit to go ahead witli its 

one-story, 50 x 100-ft. foundry. 

WILLIAM J. OLVANY has purchased the four-story 

brick building at 100 Charles Street, New York 

City, and, on July 1, he moved the heating and ventilating 

business into fine new quarters. For 20 

years he has been in business in the same neighborhood. 

He lias fitted up the basement as a pipe 

storage and pipe cutting and threading shop, 

equipped with motor-driven machines. The front 

of the first floor is fitted up as an office for comfortable 

working and plenty of light. The rear 

part is arranged with bins 'for fittings and brass 

goods. Mr. Olvany has done the work in many 

schools and in fitting industrial buildings and remodeling 

old systems of piping. He has a good 

working plant and establishment. 

THE SANDUSKY-PORTLAND CEMENT Co, Syracuse, 

Ind, is spending $150,000 in equipping its plant 

for the manufacture of cement from limestone instead 

of marl. 

THE PACIFIC PORCELAIN WARE CO, 67 New Montgomery 

Street, San Francisco, has had plans prepared 

for a new plant at Fifteenth and Nevin 

Streets, Richmond, Cal, to consist of five one-story 

buildings. The machinery installation will comprise 

die-making machinery, presses, drying equipment, 

etc. 

THE CRANE CO, 636 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 

manufacturer of valves, steam specialties, etc, 

is having preliminary plans prepared for a new 

pipe shop at Twenty-fourth Street and the Allegheny 

Valley Railroad, Pittsburgh. 

THE BRILLIANT CHANDELIER MFG. CO, New York, 

has been incorporated with a capital stock of $50 - 

000 by M. Brilliant, A. Drutman and M. Propp 

122 West 114th Street, to manufacture gas and 

electric fixtures. 

THE NORTHERN HEATING & ENGINEERING CO. has 

opened offices and display rooms at 271 Middle 

Street and 246 Federal Street, Portland, Maine. 

The company is backed by Portland capital and 

handles heating, plumbing and cooking appliances 

F. William Eichholtz, who was formerly with the 

engineering department of a furnace company is 

in charge of the engineering department Harry 

Eastman, formerly head of the T. F. Foss & Sons 

stove company and the Portland Stove Foundry Co 

is in charge of the service department. 

THE COLE-PHELPS HEATING CO, Holyoke, Mass has 

been incorporated with a capital of $50,000 Vh 

directors are: President, Edwin Q. Cole 

urer, John P. Phelps, 137 Pleasant Street 

oke; clerk, M. D. Pomeroy. 

treas- 

Holy-


WILLIAM H. TONER & Co, plumbing contractors of 

Worcester, Mass, who have been located at 174 

Main Street for the past 10 years, have removed to 

larger quarters at 17 School Street, where they will 

be enabled to handle a larger stock of good to 

advantage. 

HALTER C. RICE, proprietor of the firm of Tucker & 

Rice, plumbing contractors of Worcester, Mass., is 

one of three business men of that city to purchase 

the Rice Building, with one exception the largest 

business block of that city, assessed for approximately 

$250,000. 

THE FIRST ISSUE OF A PAMPHLET entitled "Not All 

Hot Air," was recently published by the Matt 

Sproul Co, Sparta, 111., dealing in heating and 

plumbing goods and farm machinery. It presents 

in an attractive way the features of the Weir furnaces, 

Cole ranges and the other goods handled by 

the company and is interspersed with clever, witty 

comments. In conclusion the present personnel-of 

the business, which was established in 1867, is 

listed and in its fifty-odd years of experience is 

summarized as including 22 years with furnaces, 29 

years in plumbing, and 30 years with stoves and 

ranges. 

THOSE W H O ARE ENGAGED in manufacturing where 

furnaces are required for annealing, hardening, 

tempering and similar work will find in Catalog No. 

217, issued by W. S. Rockwell Co, 50 Church 

Street, New York City, illustrations and descriptions 

of the actual working equipment in use in a 

variety of industrial establishments for manufacuring 

an extensive variety of products. There is 

given that information about the furnaces and the 

fuel and the methods of operating which will be 

helpful in making a selection of equipment adapted 

for the work in hand. 

THE PRIDE OF AMERICA MFG. CO, 615-622 Reliance 

Building, Kansas City, Mo, is putting on the market 

a new heating apparatus in connection with the 

kitchen range designed to circulate hot water 

through radiators placed in the various rooms. A 

circular giving full particulars and showing the general 

construction is being sent to the trade. 

THOSE WHO WISH TO BE UP ON SHOP equipment will 

be interested in the circular devoted to the Snap-on 

socket wrenches and wrench sets, made by the Snapon 

Wrench Co, Milwaukee, Wis. It is claimed that 

five of these wrenches do the work of fifty. The 

wrench handles are of different style, including 

those of the brace key handle and offset type. They 

are made so that steel sockets for different size 

nuts can be readily placed on the handle or socket 

screws removed in the most convenient manner. 

Anybody who has occasion to use a socket wrench 

will find information that will show them how to do 

work expeditiously, reduce the weight of the tool 

kit and accomplish results. 

SPECIAL PLUMBING FITTINGS, made by the Blake Specialty 

Co., Rock Island, 111, are described and 

shown in a new catalog "G" of 68 pages just issued. 

It opens with Junior No-Back floor drains which 

are made in various styles, then come deep seal 

drains, adjustable drains, shower bath traps, offsets, 

bell traps, drum traps, tests tees, Y's, water 

heaters, ferrules, closet bends and combination 

bathroom fittings. The company states its policy 

as to sales satisfactory to customers, and urges that 

its experimental department be called upon by any 

who desire special assistance. 

A SPLENDID AID TO THE PLUMBER who is seeking to 

equip farms and suburban homes with water supply 

outfits is given in "Pump Pointers" presented 

in much the general style of the popular reading 

matter of the day and issued by the Vaile-Kimes 

Co, Dayton, Ohio. In the first part there is a very 

pertinent picture showing a farmer working a pump 

for watering the stock wliile looking at a picture of 

the Vaile-Kimes self-contained electric driven 

pumping outfit with pneumatic tanks and beside it 

is a map showing the number of advertisements of 

the V-K line that is going to the different states 

of the Union this spring. The remaining pages 

show the V-K outfit and also illustrations in kitchens, 

bathrooms and at farm homes making it clear 

that if this magazine is left with the farmer by the 

enterprising plumber, it will go a long way toward 

preparing him to place his order when the plumber 

comes around and gives an estimate of the cost. 

The company is ready to mail folders entitled, 

"Shallow Well Water Systems, Water from Deep 

Wells. Soft Water Comforts and Economy, and 

Complete Water Supply Systems" to those the 

plumber may designate as prospects and a list of 

which is sent to the company in Dayton. There 

is also a suggestion for a window display with the 

Vaile-Kimes water supply outfit in the rear and a 

bathtub near the front of the window with a child 

standing beside it issuing the invitation, "Please go 

away, I am going to take my bath." 

A CONVINCING PRESENTATION of dyehouse and bleacherv 

ventilation i.s presented in Catalog 721 issued 

by the Buffalo Forge Co, Buffalo, N. Y, with 

branches in different cities. The foreword states 

that it is dedicated to all dyehouse and bleachery 

owners and operators the world over. To show 

what can be done, halftones are made of photographs 

taken in a dyehouse of a woolen mill in New 

Hampshire at intervals of one minute. At the end 

of the fourth minute there ean be something seen, 

but previously the fog is such that no idea of what 

is in the building can be seen. In the sixth picture 

all the fog has vanished and the picture is as good 

a.s could be taken in any building under any conditions. 

Then there are pictures of other plants in 

which the Buffalo ventilation outfit has been installed, 

showing the character of the building, the 

work to be done, the piping and the character of the 

fan blast apparatus that is installed. It closes 

with a list of cotton, wool and silk establishments 

in which Buffalo equipped dyehouses and bleacheries 

are enjoyed. 

IT Is ENTIRELY TO WINDOW DISPLAYS that The Duro 

Pressure Gauge for June is devoted and shows 

that the Burnett-Larch Mfg. Co. is providing the 

plumber and contractor who is desirous of extending 

his business a character of ammunition which, if 

well used, is sure to bring home the profits. 

ANNOUNCEMENT IS MADE that the consolidation of 

Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co, Inc, and 

Dwight P. Robinson & Co, Inc., has been consum-

54 


mated under the name of Dwight P. Robinson & 

Co.- Inc, engineers and constructors, general offices 

125 East Forty-sixth Street, New York City, downtown 

office 61 Broadway. The officers of the company 

are: President, Dwight P. Robinson; vicepresident 

and treasurer, A. K. Wood; vice-president 

and manager of Chicago office, H. H. Kerr; otlier 

vice-presidents, T. N. Gilmore, I. W. McConnell, 

R. M. Henderson and L. H. Bean; secretary, W. 

L. Murray; directors, Paul D. Cravath, Thomas N. 

Gilmore, Homer Loring, Ira W. McConnell, John 

P. McGinley, Harry T. Peters, Dwight P. Robinson, 

Edward R. Tinker, and Arthur King Wood. 

Wrench and Drop Forging 

Plants Combined 

On April 2 the stockholders of J. H. Williams & 

Co, manufacturers of drop-forgings and drop-forged 

tools at Brooklyn and Buffalo, N. Y, and of The 

Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co, makers of twist drills, 

reamers, wrenches and drop-forgings at Akron, Chicago 

and St. Catharines, Ontario, ratified the agreement 

providing for the consolidation of the wrench 

and drop-forging plants and business of Whitman & 

Barnes at Chicago and St. Catharines with J. H. Williams 

& Co. The Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co. retain 

its twist drill and reamer business and will continue as 

an entirely separate organization and on an extended 

scale, the manufacture of these tools at Akron, Ohio. 

J. H. Williams & Co., it is claimed, has long been 

known as the largest manufacturers of drop-forgings 

and drop-forged tools in the world and one of the first 

to enter this field commercially. The business was 

founded in Flushing, L. I, as a partnership in 1882 

by James H. Williams and Matthew Diamond under 

the style of Williams & Diamond, later Williams & 

Brock. It located in Brooklyn in 1884, assumed its 

present name in 1887 and was incorporated in New 

York State in 1895. 

The company is widely and favorably known, not 

only for its special drop-forgings made to order, but 

also for the quality of its catalog product—Drop- 

Forged Wrenches, "Vulcan" Chain Pipe Wrenches 

and Vises, Lathe Dogs, Clamps and numerous other 

standard lines of drop-forged tools. Many of these 

were originated and patented by the company. At 

the successive World's Fairs at Chicago 1893, Paris 

1900, St. Louis 1904 and San Francisco 1915, the 

company's products, in each case, received the highest 

award in their field. 

The Brooklyn works employ about 750 persons, occupy 

two adjoining square blocks of city property, 

including the street between which is closed, and contain 

about 197,000 sq. ft. of floor space. In 1914 

the Buffalo works, an entirely new plant, began operation, 

now employing over 1,000 persons and comprising 

47 acres with about 233,000 sq. ft. of floor 

space. 

The Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co. was founded as 

a partnership in 1846 by Augustus Whitman and Alfred 

G. Page as Page, Whitman & Co. In 1868 the 

Akron factory was built and, in 1877, the business 

was combined with that of George Barnes & Co, 

Syracuse, N. Y, the enlarged concern assuming its 

present name—The Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co. The 

St. Catharines plant was acquired in 1882 and 11 

years later the Cliicago works were built. They now 

consist of 45 acres of land, with 320,000 sq. ft. of 

floor space and are connected by private trackage 

with four railroads, employing about 800 people. 

The St. Catharines works, manufacturing dropforgings 

to order and standard lines of drop-forged 

wrenches, pipe wrenches, adjustable wrenches of various 

styles, pliers, hammers, hatchets, swedges, etc, 

are located on the Welland Canal and obtain power 

therefrom. They occupy about 2 1 /_ acres with floor 

space of 35,000 sq. ft. The company owns some 6 

acres of additional property, which may be utilized 

in the near future for the erection of larger and improved 

facilities to care for the Canadian trade. This 

business has the distinction of having every jobbing 

house in the Dominion on its books. About 200 persons 

are now employed. 

Two of the works, that at Buffalo and the new 

forge shop, 500 x 100 ft, and 3,000 h. p. power house 

at Chicago are said to be the most up-to-date forging 

plants in the world, while those at Brooklyn and St. 

Catharines are admirably adapted to the tool-making 

end of the business. 

Through this consolidation of the four plants— 

Brooklyn, Buffalo, Chicago and St. Catharines—the 

ultimate geographical ideal for the service of customers 

has been attained. The merger also emphasizes 

the leading position of the company in the manufacture 

of drop-forgings and drop-forged tools. 

The company has been particularly fortunate in its 

relations with its men. Operating throughout its history 

on the principle of the highest wages in the industry 

for the most efficient work, supplemented, but 

not substituted, by expenses liberally incurred to provide 

the best possible working conditions, it has succeeded 

in establishing a relation of mutual confidence 

that has frequently been the subject of comment in 

the industrial ad social press. In 1912 this was the 

cause of an unsolicited visit from Theodore Roosevelt, 

followed by a special article by him in "The Outlook" 

on the subject. 

The Brooklyn factory in 1893 had the distinction 

of being the first factory in this country to provide 

shower baths for its workmen and again, in 1914, of 

leading its industry in the establishment of separate 

pension and life insurance systems for the direct benefit 

of its employees, and, of course, for the indirect 

benefit and satisfaction of its stockholders. 

The sales for the first five months of 1920 indicate 

that this will be the largest year in the company's 

history. All of the factories are far behind their 

orders in spite of increased production and permanent 

night shifts have been organized to help meet the 

demands of the trade. 

The business will continue to be operated by those 

who have been continuously identified heretofore with 

the business of J. H. Williams & Co. and with the 

Chicago and St. Catharines plants of The Whitman 

& Barnes Mfg. Co, the organization being as follows: 

President and managing director, J. Harvey Williams; 

vice-president, A. D. Armitage; secretary and 

treasurer, W. A. Watson; controller, R. S. Baldwingeneral 

sales manager, F. W. Trabold; Eastern district 

sales manager, A. S. Maxwell; Western district


sales manager, W. E. Rowell; Buffalo district sales 

manager, J. C. Cotter; Detroit district sales manager, 

A. M. Thompson; publicity manager, Hugh Aikman; 

general works manager, Capt. W. N. McMunn; chief 

engineer, Willard Doud; superintendet Brooklyn divisio, 

R. J. Smith; superintendent Buffalo division, 

T. F. Du Puy; superintendent Chicago division, 

lon; general traffic managed, J. B. Payne, and Canadian 

manager, W. J. Elliott. 

Fuel Oil Burner for House 

Heating Installations 

An even, intense heat without ashes, smoke and accompanying 

inconveniences is available for househeating 

plants where warm air, steam or hot water 

are the heating mediums, by means of what is known 

as the "Cleveoil" burner using fuel oil or kerosene, 

made by the Cleveland Gas Burner and Appliance 

Co., 3702 Superior Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. 

The burner is generally placed so that the bottom of 

Cleveoil Fuel Oil Burner. 

the goose neck rests upon the bottom ledge of the firedoor 

opening, and the tank and pump are placed 

preferably some distance away. 

To operate the equipment the tank is filled with 

oil, the valve on the water-supply line to the hydropneumatic 

pump is opened, allowing the water pressure 

to operate pump. When the pressure reaches 35 

lbs. the pump ceases operation and starts again when 

the pressure gets below 25 lbs. The waste water is 

drained off into the sewer line. By opening the 

valve in the oil line, oil is forced through the feed 

line to the penetrator. The burner is then ready for 

priming, and where artificial or natural gas is not 

available a wood alcohol primer is used and is placed 

on the four center burner heads so that when lighted 

the flame plays directly upon the generator tubing. 

From 4 to 5 min. is required for priming and heating 

the generator. 

The valve handle controlling the vapor valve is then 

opened, which allows the vapor to flow into the goose 

neck of the manifold and then into the burner heads. 

The manifold is so designed that an equal amount of 

pre-mixed vapor is supplied to each of the burner 

heads. 

The company points out that the cost of operation 

depends upon the efficiency of the heating appliance, 

weather conditions and judicious operations, and that 

under the severest weather conditions a burner with 

ten heads, operating on 25-lb. tank pressure, should 

consume only 4 pts. of fuel oil or kerosene per hour. 

Gorton Quarter Turn Packing 

Lock Valves 

The lieating contractor will be interested in the 

32-page booklet devoted to the Gorton quarter turn 

packing lock valves adapted for steam, hot water, 

vapor and vacuum heating, made by the Gorton & 

Lidgerwood Co, 96 Liberty Street, New York City. 

The first illustration shows the ease with which 

these valves to a radiator can shut off the steam supply 

to it with the foot rather than stooping over and 

making several turns with the hand. This is pointed 

out as a means to a great economy because opening 

the window to get relief from heat condenses steam 

or cools the heating medium, which means more coal 

in the apparatus, while giving the valve stem a turn 

with the foot accomplishes the same purpose so far 

as reducing heat is concerned and does it without 

effort or waste of fuel. 

Then the valve construction is unique in having the 

tapering plug or disc made of a composition material 

which has the same expansion and contraction properties 

as the valve body made of good metal, so that 

it does not stick or bind but lubricates itself and 

moves freely. Another feature is that through this 

tapering part of the valve there is an opening having 

the same area as the pipe connecting with the valve, 

so that its use insures the delivery of all of the heating 

medium which the piping connected with it brings 

to the valve and the radiator. 

Illustrations show the different styles and forms 

in which the valve is made and the styles used for 

different purposes. On one page is given the letter 

of a heating contraetor stating that he installed a 

70-ft, 3 column, 38 in. high radiator, using a 1-in. 

valve connected to a 1-in. steam pipe as an experiment 

and the radiator has been working perfectly 

ever since. Also that in overhauling a six-family 

apartment in which the same size valves were used 

for 50 ft. and 25 ft. radiators without getting the 

proper heat, the use of the Gorton valve of 1 in. 

size in the place of the old valve made the system 

work properly without changing the piping and a lot 

of work. 

On another page is a photograph of a sheet steel 

radiator of 280 ft. of surface, working fine with a iy2 

in. Gorton valve on a one pipe system. The last two 

pages give something of valve area and free passageway 

and a schedule for the size of valves to be used 

>n raditaors of different sizes for steam heating, for 

on 

v;i ;apor vacuum heating and for hot water heating. 

New Catalog on Wyckoff Wood Pipe 

Both plumbing and heating contractors will find interesting 

information in Catalog No. 42, issued by A.

.ili METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

Wyckoff & Sons Co, Elmira, N. Y, in the interest of 

the Wyckoff wood pipe for carrying water for waterwork 

systems, power plants, mills and manufacturing 

plants, mining and railroad water supplies and also in 

Wyckoff cypress steam pipe casing for underground 

steam and hot water piping. 

To convince of the enduring qualities of a wood 

water main, a section of the old New York main laid 

in 1798 is presented and then is shown wood log pipe 

and the modern stave pipe made up of sections held 

together by being bound by steel bands wound solidly 

around the staves. Halftone engravings show the 

actual laying of pipe with a substantial curve and 

where the stave pipe is carrying a pressure as high as 

130 lbs. per square inch exposed so that the conditions 

are extremely severe. Illustrations show the detail 

of the construction, making it perfectly clear that the 

pipe has both strength and qualifications to remain 

water tight. 

There are also shown sectional pictures and halftone 

engravings of the lead service pipes, corporation 

cocks, water gate valves, hydrants, and all of the fixtures 

required in connection with a waterworks system. 

Special valves are also shown for use with this 

kind of pipe as well as air and vacuum valves and 

special cast iron fittings into which the wood pipes can 

be securely connected. 

Half of the book is devoted to illustrations and description 

of the service secured by the improved steam 

pipe casing which keeps a steam or hot water heating 

pipe exposed in the ground or above the ground protected 

from the elements and also preventing the loss 

of heat. It consists of an inner shell of 2 inches, a 

black asphaltum packing, a dead air space and then a 

1-inch-thick outer shell. In addition to this information 

about its construction a good portion of the booklet 

is taken up with useful information for engineers 

who must provide water supply and heating pipe 

sy stems. 

July 9, 1920 

removed at convenience after the a.shes have cooled 

and there is is no danger of fire. The simplicity of 

the operation is made clear by a picture showing a 

child operating an outfit. 

The receivers are made in different styles for larger 

and smaller apparatus and the possession of the catalog 

is an excellent aid to the man who is enterprising 

and wishes to add to his business by handling a specialty 

that will have attractions for the owners of the 

best homes in his vicinity. 

The Imperial Super-Smokeless Boilers 

A great deal of useful information about a new 

type of smokeless boiler is presented in the loose leaf 

catalog issued by the Utica Heater Co, Utica, N. Y, 

to set forth the merits of the Imperial Super-Smokeless 

boiler, which is presented as the original single 

grate smokeless boiler for all fuels. The catalog presents 

a view of the company's new pant and is then 

devoted to enumerating the features of excellence of 

the Imperial Smokeless boiler' pointing out that the 

high and rapidly increasing fuel cost makes it imperative 

that a heating plant be selected which will 

reduce the cost of operation for the owner. 

Then there are shown the reasons why bituminous 

coal can be used and leave the flues perfectly clear, 

making no trouble in the chimney. The argument or 

Sharp Rotary Ash Receiver 

information is presented under a number of different 

heads and there are general and broken views to show 

the construction and operation. 

The boiler is interesting in some of its features inasmuch 

as the grate does not extend the entire distance 

but only part way, where there is a water curtain 

wliich also serves as an air heating passage. The 

cold fresh air is taken from each side of the boiler 

and heated in a chamber from whicli it is discharged 

at the surface of the burning fuel so that the hot air 

and the ignited gases mingle at a point where their 

combustion is completed and the flues of the boiler are 

filled with a clean burning gas. The boiler is of the 

vertical sectional type with the crown sheet arranged 

to present additional surface through an auxiliary 

hanging T-shaped crown piece in which the water is 

A convincing presentation of the advantages of the quickly heated for making steam or for sending it 

Sharp rotary ash receiver, made by the Sharp Rotary forth in a rapid circulation through a hot-water heat 

Ash Receiver Co., Binghamton, N. Y, is made in a ing system. 

pamphlet printed in two colors. It contains many A letter is reproduced from the Department of 

halftone engravings of fine residences in different Mechanical Engineering, University of Illinois, noting 

parts of the country in which this device has been in the clean character of the flues burning Illinois slack 

stalled in connection with the heating apparatus to and entitling the boiler to the name Smokeless. Then 

facilitate taking care of the waste and refuse from the are presented pictures of a number of buildings in 

fire and so handling the ashes as to avoid dust or which the boilers have been used, as well as pictures 

other annoyance. 

of the batteries of boilers that have been installed for 

the work. 

After 19 pages showing the views of fine buildings For the convenience of the contracting engineer 

and the heating apparatus used, there is presented a there are imitation blueprints on which dimensions 

drawing which makes the construction and operation are taken and then tables giving dimensions. An 

readily understood. It shows an outer chamber diother interesting feature is six pages containing lists 

vided into sections in which are sectional cans that of buildings in different cities with the size of the 

are arranged to receive ashes through an opening in boiler used in heating them, the location and the name 

the bottom of the ashpit of the lieating apparatus of of the heating contractor. 

whatever type used. Thus the ashes from the fire can The catalog is one that may well be used by the en 

be drawn into the receptacle and, when filled, it can terprising heating contractor to increase sales and to 

be swung around so that another empty one can be bring the boiler and its services to the attention of a 

put in its place. Then the filled receptacle can be prospective customer in an impressive way Thp i


formation it contains, the character of the illustrations 

and the general presentation is such as to give a 

substantial aid to the man who is out for more business. 

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES 

THE STATE DEPARTMENT, Washington. D. C, announces 

that Hungarians are calling at office of 

American Commissioner at Budapest in large numbers 

with view to emigration to United States, on 

June 21 number reaching 1,008. Statement reports 

that Budapest papers published announcement that 

all emigrants could obtain admission into L'nited 

States il' they have 50 and police certificate of good 

conduct. The Department states that this information 

is without foundation. 

As ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE BENEFIT derived from a 

visit to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York 

City, a recent publication issued by Richard T. 

Bach, in charge of the industrial art, states that a 

china painter studied Russian laces, a designer of 

dress fabrics saw possibilities in the armour collection 

and a paper soap wrapper design found its 

origin in snuff boxes on view. It is quite frequent 

that a designer finds his inspiration in material, 

style, artist, period, race or purpose that are not 

considered barriers, and the visits of these industrial 

workers are increasing as the value of the collection 

and what it ean do for them becomes more 

widely known. To further aid the worker who finds 

something which serves his need the Museum sells 

annually no less than 65,000 photograpliic prints, 

all of whicli serve the students' or designers' purposes. 

In our field there are plenty of sportsmen 

and the fiftieth anniversary exhibition of arms and 

armor is now being made. 

THOSE W H O ARE OPERATING PLANTS employing a 

large number of employees and who are endeavoring 

to rearrange or reorganize their methods so as to 

make them more agreeable to the workers and more 

effective will find useful aid in Bulletin No. 48, 

entitled "Emplovment Management and Industrial 

Training," issued by the Federal Board of Vocational 

Education, Washington, D. C. It deals with 

seasonable fluctuations and labor turnovers, training 

methods, the training in employment management, 

the earlier forms of apprenticeship, the state 

supervision of apprenticeship as in Wisconsin and 

Washington, the co-operation with public and private 

schools, the training of minor executives, foremanship 

and training, and subjects of a similar 

nature. 

THE CLEVELAND & BUFFALO TRANSIT Co, Cleveland, 

Ohio, is calling attention to the fact it has a splendid 

steamer service between Cleveland and Buffalo, 

so that travelers going in either direction may board 

the steamer at 9 o'clock in the evening and arrive 

at their destination at 7:30 the next morning with 

a pleasing break in a rail journey and a night of 

clean travel and refreshing sleep. 

A SAMPLE OF THE RAILROAD SERVICE since its demoralization 

under Government management is 

given in the following extract from a letter from 

a Connecticut plumber and steam fitter: "This job 

had to be done this holiday week while the factory 

was shut down, so we ordered the materials May 

21. We got the last of it on July 1 and then only 

by making a row at the freight office. Twenty-two 

days from New York is some service, I'll say. Even 

then we had to use different material than we 

expected." 

Some Facts About New York's 

Building Operations 

The records of the F. W. Dodge Company's Statistical 

Department show that contracts were let in 

Greater New York during 1919 amounting to $279,- 

551,000. About 48 per cent, of this amount, or $133,- 

764,530, was spent for housing accommodations. It 

was not enough. 

In the first four months of 1920, contracts were let 

in Greater New York to the amount of $119,455,050. 

The amount apportioned to housing was $38,602,400, 

or 32 per cent, of the total. The housing program 

has fallen behind the general building program. 

Contracts let for apartments, dwellings, hotels and 

dormitories in January of this year amounted to $6,- 

581,500. During the same month the money spent 

on theatre tickets in New York City amounted to 

•$7,838,914, according to the report of the collector of 

internal revenue. 

In February, contracts for apartments, dwellings, 

hotels and dormitories amounted to $4,353,600. Theatre 

admissions in February came to .$6,956,267. 

The people of New York have got to put more 

money and yet more money into apartments and 

houses. Rents will remain high as long as the demand 

for houses exceeds the supply. The only solution of 

the housing problem is more houses. 

A New Way of Heating Water 

The trade is familiar with the fire pot pipe coil 

method of heating water by the steam house heating 

plant and knows that often the abundance of the 

hot water supply and temperature depend upon the 

intensity of the fire. Thus in wintry weather it is 

plentiful and too hot while during mild spells it is 

not hot enough. 

To overcome tliese objections the Buffalo Specialty 

Works, 601 White Building, Buffalo, N. Y, 

have brought out the Excelso water heater and claims 

that when connected to a steam or vapor boiler, it 

will furnish hot water constantly at uniform temperature. 

This heater differs from former types in that it is 

not placed in the fire box, but connected below the 

water line outside of the boiler. It consists of a 

one-piece casting having three separate chambers. 

The boiling water at a temperature of 212 to 225 

degs. flows through the inner chamber and heats the 

tank water circulating through the outer chamber 

to 160 deg. or better. Thus as long as there is fire 

in the boiler the water is properly heated and without 

the deadening effect on the fire of heaters in 

contact with the fire. 

The heater is also made in brass or with copper 

coils where water conditions do not permit cast iron


and is obtainable in three sizes, which can be used 

with or without thermostatic control as desired. 

The manufacturer states that a garage can be successfully 

heated by this heater even though the boiler 

is located in the residence and the conducting pipes 

run underground for circulating water through the 

radiators. 

Conversion of Fahrenheit and 

Centigrade Readings 

The student or the readers of foreign papers very 

often finds it necessary where temperatures are to be 

measured to be able to change Fahrenheit readings to 

the corresponding Centigrade readings, and vice versa. 

A simple, quick and unforgettable method of 

doing this depends upon the fact that minus 40 deg. 

on either scale represents the same degree of temperature. 

Suppose it is desired to change 68 deg. Fahr. 

into its centigrade equivalent. Proceed as follows: 

Add 40, multiply 5/9 and subtract 40. Thus 40 + 

68 _= 108; 108 X 5/9 = 60; 60 — 40 = 20. This 

gives 20 deg. C. as the equivalent reading Suppose 

we wish to change 20 deg. C. back into Fahr. degrees. 

Add 40 as before, multiply by 9/5 and subtract 40; 

20 -f- 40 = 60; 60 X 9/5* = 108; 108 — 40 = 68. 


It will be noted that between the freezing and boiling 

points in the Fahrenheit scale are 180 deg. and 

between these points on the Centigrade scale are 100 

deg. Thus, 1 deg. Centigrade equals 9/5 deg. Fahr. 

and 1 deg. Fahr. equals 5/9 deg. C. Tlierefore, by 

adding 40 to either reading, we find the number of 

degrees there are above the common point where the 

two scales touch. Then by multiplying by 5-9 or 9-5 

we convert this number of degrees into its equivalent 

number on the other scale. And by subtracting 40 

we have the number of degrees above the zero point. 

The rule may be summarized as follows: In any 

case add 40 to the scale reading, multiply by 5/9 or 

9/5 as required and subtract 40. Once learned and 

applied, this rule is never forgotten. 

BENJAMIN H. P. HUTCHINSON died suddenly while at 

work in the house of a customer from heart disease. 

Mr. Hutchinson was born in Camden, N. J, 63 

years ago and learned the trade of plumber witb 

George Leathwhite, and embarked in business for 

himself 25 years ago. He was a member of the 

Master Plumbers' Association of Camden, N. J. 

Mr. Hutchinson died on Tuesday, June 22, and the 

funeral was held on Saturday, June 26. The interment 

was made at Evergreen Cemetery. 


an advance of 9% per cent and an extra man in each 

mill crew and a strike is precluded for another year. 

Black and Galvanized Sheets—Receipts are rapidly ab 

The prevailing high prices for coke are producing 

sorbed with no reduction in demand. 

a firm pig iron market but the condition is mostly due 

Tin Plate—Demand good. 

Tin—Little interest. 

to the uncertainty of transportation facilities. 

Copper—Moderate demand. Prices hold. 

As an illustration of the dire straits to which some 

Lead—Prices unchanged and little demand. 

manufacturers are put, one large jobbing concern re 

Zinc—Prices advanced and market stronger. 

ports the receipt of a lengthy list of plumbing supplies 

4 ntimony—Unchanged. 

needed by one manufacturer, with the statement that 

Foundry Pig Iron—More activity and delivery delayed. if any of these goods could be supplied, to accept the 

Foundry Coke—Shipments delayed. Prices same. Output 

list as an order. The total order represented close 

reduced. 

to $50,000 and included 50,000 to 100,000 pieces of 

Linseed Oil—Quiet; prices firm. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Demand light; prices lower. 

malleable iron goods. Another customer keeps a 

standing order for $40,000 worth of pipe on this job 

Congestion Seriously Cripples 

ber's books. Both cases indicate the large existing 

Steel and Iron Industry 

demand and inadequate supply to meet it. 

This week there has been a substantial advance 

The continuance of the order of the Interstate in lavatory brass goods and a stiffening in the price 

Commerce Commission that open-top cars be of radiator valves. The inability to secure metal 

sent to the coal mines and a renewal of the - order polishers indicates that prices of plumber's brass will 

directing box cars into grain producing territories, continue firm. 

have left the steel mills so short of cars that a suspension 

of operations for a period of ten days or two 

weeks to permit clearing up the freight congestion is FOUNDRY PIG IRON 

being seriously considered. A conservative estimate 

New York.—One firm has sold about 6000 tons of various 

places the accumulation of unshipped, finished material 

grades of pig iron, and others report moderate business 

in the Pittsburgh districts at 1,000,000 tons. Among inquiries pending are several for foundry iron for 

The sheet and tin plate manufacturers and the Western shipment aggregating about 4000 tons The ease 

Amalgamated Association renewed the 1919-20 mill with which the iron being offered for resale by the Ford 

wage scale with modifications, granting the mill men Motor Car Co., Detroit, is being absorbed is an indication 

of the strength of the market. In some cases the Ford

.uly 9, 1920 METAL WORKER. P L U M B E R A N D ST E A M F I TT E R 59 

company has absorbed the freight charge when the iron 

had been delivered at Detroit or was en route when sold. 

In other cases, the price was made f. o. b. furnace, and 

quotations have been for the most part in line with or very 

near to the full market price. The coke situation is very 

serious, increasing costs for foundries and furnaces. Foundry 

coke sales as high as $18.50 to $19, ovens, are reported. 


East. Pa., No. 1 fdy., sil. 2.75 to 3.25.$5(1.05 to $51.05 

East. Pa., No. 2X fdy., sil. 2.25 to 2.75 49.05 to 50.05 

East. Pa., No. 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 47.SO to 48.SO 

No. 2 X Virginia, sil. 2.25 to 2.75. . . . 49.80 

Chicago.—Although generally speaking the market is still 

rather inactive, a few good-sized inquiries and orders have 

developed during the past week. In fact, some sellers venture 

the opinion that the market is as lively as could be 

expected at this time of the year and may be termed "close 

to the normal." 

The following quotations are for iron delivered, at 

consumers' yards except those for Northern foundry, and 

steel-making iron which are f.o.b. furnace and do not 

include a switching charge averaging 50c. per ton. 

Northern coke. No. 1, sil. 2.25 to 

2.75, last half 45.25 


Northern coke foundry, No. 2, sil. 

1.75 to 2.25 last half 43.00 


Northern high phos. foundry, last 

half 43.00 

Southern coke No. 1 foundry and 

No. 1 soft sil. 2.75 to 3.25 50.20 

Southern coke No. 2 foundry sil. 

2.25 to 2.75 48.70 

Southern foundry sil. 1.75 to 2.25.. 47.00 

Philadelphia.—In the past week there has been a decidedly 

better inquiry for foundry iron, and smaller inquiries are 

fairly numerous. Prices are unchanged, the minimum uoted 

by any furnacqe in this district being $45, furnace, with $4T 

as the top. There are more transactions at $46 and $47, 

base, than at the lower figure. 

The following quotation are for iron delivered in consumers' 

vards in Philadelphia or vicinity, except those for 

low phosphorus iron, which are f.o.b. furnace: 

East. Pa., No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 

sil ' . $45.90 to $48.10 

East. Pa.. No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil.. 47.15 to 49.35 


Virginia No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 49.35 to 50.35 

Cincinnati.—The market is more active than for many 

weeks, and some good sized inquiries are being figured on. 

The blast furnace of the Whitaker-Glesner Co. at Portsmouth 

went out for repairs on July 1 and will be down 

about six weeks. It is understood the company will secure 

the basic iron which it recently inquired for from one of 

the other companies included in the merger recently completed. 

Based on freight rates of $3.60 from Birmingham and 

$1.80 from Ironton, we quote f.o.b. Cincinnati: 

Southern coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (base 

price) * 45 - 60 

Southern coke, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 (No. 

2 soft) •• 46 - 85 

Old Materials 

Scrap Iron, New York.—Very little price change is noted 

compared with a week ago. Some believe that the pre-war 

period of stagnation in the scrap market, which coincide 

with July and August of each year, will prevail again this 

year, especially since railroad transportation conditions are 

so bad. 


quoting to local foundries, per gross ton: 

No. 1 machinery cast $38.00 to $39.00 

No. 1 heavy cast (columns, building 

materials, etc.), cupola size 37.00 to 32.00 

No. 1 heavy cast, not cupola size.. 31.00 to 32.00 

No. 2 cast (radiators, cast boilers, 

etc.) 31.00 to 32.00 

Iron and steel pipe (1 in. min. 

diam.. not under 2 ft. long) 18.00 to IS.50 


Scrap Iron, Chicago—-The market is stronger in most 

departments. Dealers feel that an upward swing in prices 

has commenced and that considerably higher levels will be 

reached before it stops. On the other hand, transportation 

conditions permit little scrap to move and unless this situation 

changes, business will be seriously affected. 



Per Net Ton. 

No. 1 cast $36.00 to $37.00 




Cast borings 12-00 to 12.50 


Grate bars 28.00 to 29.00 




Southern Ohio coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 

(No. 2) 

46S0 

Country mixed 

Cleveland— The foundry iron market is not active, but 

some small lot sales are being made for the last half and 

there is a fair demand for prompt shipment foundry iron. 

The poor quality of fuel has resulted in the production of 

considerable off iron and because of scarcity of standard 

grades, producers are having no trouble in disposing of 

this iron at the regular differentials. Producers are still 

seriously handicapped in shipping iron by the order that 

prevents the loading of open top cars except for shipment 

in the direction of the coal mines, and one Cleveland interest 

was compelled to pile fully 50 per cent of its iron 

We quote in from 40r> the Northern South." Ohio switching Valley delivered week. silvery, points, foundry, No. charge Cleveland sil. 2 fdy.. and 8 sil. for per $5 all. as 2.25 local cent from follows, 1.75 to iron, Birmingham: 

to 2.75.. 2.25.$44.40 based a $1.40 58.90 on to freight to 60.40 $45.40 48.70 rate 

15 - 50 to 16 - 50 

Scrap Iron, Pittsburgh—-Trading is feeling the restrictive 

effects of the order of the Interstate Commerce Commission, 

making it di/cult to secure cars for shipment. Dealers are 

asking customers to hold up shipping instructions because 

of the car situation and also for more time for the completion 

of contracts. Since the railroads at a number of points 

are not permitting the loading of cars enaering the steel 

plants with scrap, the buying of material in transit for the 

purpose of securing empty cars has dwindled. Narrowing 

steel works activities, due to the congestion of material 

waiting shipment and the observance of the Fourth of July, 

have reduced new demand for the open-hearth grades. The 

market, however, holds well on heavy melting steel and 

maintains a firm tone on cast iron scrap of all sorts owing 

to limited supplies. 

We quote for delivery to consumers' mills in the Pittsburgh 

and other districts that take Pittsburgh freight 

rates, as follows: 

Cast Iron wheels $43.00 to $44.00 




Heavy steel axle turnings 21.50 to 22.00 


Cast iron borings 18-00 to 19.00 

No. 1 railroad wrought 31.00 to 32.00 

Old Metals New York.—There has been more inquiry 

and a little better sentiment this week with values firmer. 

Dealers' buying prices are as follows: 

Copper, heavy and crucible 16-00 

Copper, heavy and wire I 5 - 00 

Copper, light and bottoms 1300 

Brass, heavy 

10 - 00 

Brass, light ° 

Heavy machine composition 15-25 

No. 1 yellow brass turnings 9.50 

No. 1 red brass or composition turning. . 

Lead, heavy 

12.25 7 - 00 

Zinc 

Lead, tea °-°°

60 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER Julv 9, 1920 

Old Metals, Chicago.—The market is quiet with prices 

holding the same. 

Cts. per lb. 









Tea lead 3.00 



Zinc 4.25 

Pewter, No. 1 25.00 

Old Metals, Boston.—Prices have felt a slowing up during 

the past few days with lower quotations for white metals 

accompanied by a lesser demand. Red metals are not yet 

active. Dealers are nominally paying as follows: 








Brass turnings No. 1 rod 9.75 to 10 25 


Zinc 5.25 to 5.75 

Pewter No. 1 36.00 to 38.00 

Clean cast aluminum 24.50 to 25 00 

New aluminum clippings 25.00 to 26 00 

Old and painted aluminum 24.50 to 25.00 

Old Rubber.—The old rubber market continues quiet and 

prices are unchanged. Xo improvement is looked for in 

the near future. Shipping conditions are reported in bad 

shape. 

„ . , . Cts. per lb. 

Boots and shoes CM to 6U 

Trimmed arctics 5' to 5 V 

Auto tires " 14 to 2% 

Bicycle tires 1% to ly 

Solid tires 2 to 2y 

No. 1 inner tubes \ 12 to 13 

Mixed white scrap 4 t0 41/ 

Mixed red scrap ' 3 1/, to 4 

Please quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

Mixed black scrap 1% to 2 

Cotton fire hose % to Hi 

Garden hose % to 1 

Old Rags.—The old rags market is inactive and prices 

are easier. Wholesale dealers' prices are: 

No. 1 whites $11.50 to $12.00 

No. 2 whites 5.75 to 6.00 





Paper Stock.—Business in the paper stock market is 

fairly brisk and is expected to continue so. Wholesale 

dealers' buying quotations for New York are: 



SHEETS AND METALS 

New York City, July 9, 1920. 

Black nnd Galvanized Sheets—Irregular receipts continue 

and incoming stocks are immediately absorbed with an ap* 

preciable reduction in consumer's demand. 

Tin Plate—Prompt demands for the metal—are still numerous 

but the recent orders of the Interstate Commerce 

Commission regarding box cars and open-top cars have 

greatly curtailed shipments. 

Copper—There exists a moderate demand for both prompt 

and forward delivery but buying is not heavy. 

Tin—The sales of tin are few, consumers showing very 

little interest and dealers continuing optimistic regarding 

the future price. 

Lead—The metal for prompt delivery is extremtly scarce 

with the result of very little demand. 

Zinc—The market is stronger and prices have advanced, 

due to reduction of output and more inquiries from both 

brass makers and galvanizers. 

Ant inning—There has been no change of any account in 

this market. 

Ample ventilation is a real necessity in a building 

where physical exertion is the rule, whether it be 

a factory, shop, clubhouse, or other structure. 

Tiie Chicago Athletic Club, illustrated, at the left, 

is jirovided with facilities which assure a constant 

supply of clean, fresh air and the elimination of 

unwholesome gases and dead air. 

Burt Ventilators take care of all these requirements. 

The Burt Manufacturing Go, 

300 Main Street, Akron, O. 

GEO. W. REED & CO., Montreal, Sole Manufacture.s 

of "Burt" Ventilators for Canada.


Tin Plate, Pittsburgh—Although tin plate manufacturers 

have materially reduced the accumulated stocks, they are 

in a more unfavorable position now than they have been 

at any other time this year, because of the renewal of the 

Interstate Commerce Commission order directing that approximately 

28,0000 box cars be sent into the grain producing 

sections of the country while the result of the coal car 

order of the commission has spelled greatly curtailed shipments 

of steel to the finishing mills. Prompt demands for 

tin plate are still numerous, as is evident from the fact that 

stock items which constitute the spot or prompt market 

recently have sold as high as $10. The settlement of the 

wage dispute between independent manufacturers and the 

Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel and Tin Workers 

has eased the anxiety of consumers who recently, because 

of the possibility of a suspension in union mills, have been 

trying to get the non-union mills to take additional tonnage, 

or to anticipate shipments against existing contracts. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh—The industry appears to be closer 

to a complete suspension than at any other time since the 

outbreak of the outlaw railroad strike, a condition that is 

entirely ascribable to the shortage of cars. Few men are 

available for the movement of sheet bars to the finishing 

mills and fewer cars are still available for the movement 

of the finished product. The congestion of finished material 

was acute at practically all mills, but especially at the 

plants of the American Sheet & Tin Plate Co., which in the 

past week has had five or six of its plants without cars 

almost daily. This company has experienced great difficulty 

in securing sheet bars for its different plants, being unable 

to obtain railroad facilities for moving them from Youngstown 

to the Shenango Valley works, or from the Monongahela 

Valley plant of the Carnegie Steel Co. to its Pittsburgh 

district works. The greater portion of the production 

at both the independent companies and the American 

Sheet & Tin Plate Co. continues to be piled. Not much new 

business is being booked at present because of heavy stocks 

awaiting shipment. 

NOTES ON PRICES 

Rosin—There is an absence of activity in the rosin market 

and prices are reduced. On the basis of 220 lbs. to the barrel, 

the wholesale price of common-to-good strained is $11.50. 

Grade D is $15.95. 

Iron and Steel Pipes—While all makers manage to keep 

their mills in operation and some of them are running practically 

full, the position of consumers and distributors is 

desperate by reason of the fact that only one or two of the 

manufacturers are able to make shipments of any consequence 

on account of acute shortage of railroad cars. River 

shipments have enabled the National Tube Co. and the 

Jones & Laughlin Steel Co. to make a fair showing on 

Western consignments. Both of these companies plan on 

additions of their fleet as a result of the success gained in 

water deliveries. 

Foundry Coke—While no material easing yet is observed 

in prices on spot tonnages of furnace and foundry beehive 

oven coke, with both grades fetching from $17 to $18 

per net ton at oven, it is believed that the market is at 

or near top. Basis for this belief is found in the fact that 

extra purchases for over the Fourth of July have so provided 

melters with supplies as to keep them out of the market for 

a time and in addition recent prices for fuel have so materially 

reduced the margin of profit for merchant pig iron 

producers that a number of them are planning on early 

suspension unless they are able to secure supplies for less 

money. Ovens in the'more easterly end of the Connellsville 

district are getting fairly good car placements, but at the 

THESE FIGURES SPELL 

SATISFACTION 

300,000 

Vogel Frost-Proof 

Closets Now in Use 

The wide-awake plumber finds an 

unlimited field for Vogel Frost-Proof 

Closets. 

There is a lot of "Vogel" Frost- 

Proof business in your locality. Look 

in the garages, shops, isolated and 

unheated places—plenty of work for 

you to do and each "Vogel" installation 

means a handsome profit. 

They are easy to sell, 

simple and inexpensive to 

install and reliable in 

service. Cannot freeze. 

No water in tank or any 

part ot closet when not 

in operation. 

Get VOGELS from 

your jobber. 

other end the complaint Please of a nuote shortage METAL is common. WORKER, PLUMBER Consider-AND 

STEAM FITTER when writing to advertisers 

Jos. A. Vogel Co. 

Delaware 

Wilmington 

Linseed Oil—Demand in the linseed oil market is light 

purchases being confined to small lots. In lots of 5 bbl. able last half tonnage remains to be contracted, but not 

and over, city raw American seed is quoted at $1.55 to much business of this sort is being done, probably because 

$1.65, and out-of-town raw American seed is $1.55 to $1.65. of the uncertainty as to the effect of the transportation con 

In lots of less than 5 bbl. 5c more per gallon is asked. ditions on mine, oven and furnace operations. Last half 

Boiled oil brings lc more per gallon than raw oil. 

contracts in furnace coke thus far reported have been on a 

Spirits of Turpentine—Stocks improving, prices lower i to and 1 basis on Valley basic pig iron, or at flat prices of 

demand slack are the conditions reported in the spirits of $11.50 to $12 per net ton oven. Full deliveries against the 

turpentine market. In machine barrels in yard, the whole •Her class of contracts are not certain so long as spot tonsale 

price is quoted at $1.49. 

nages command such a big premium as at present. 

THE FILMS OF BUSINESS CORP., 220 West Forty-second 

Street, New York City, has arranged to show 

in the Rialto Theatre on Tuesday and Thursday 

mornings from 10.00 to 12.00 o'clock, films dealing 

with Americanization, vocational work, science, industry, 

salesmanship, psychology, merchandising, 

etc. Admission to these entertainments will be free 

and the tickets will be distributed by the merchants 

and manufacturers whose films are to be shown, or 

they may be had at the door on application. This 

is offered as the first showing of a new venture 

somewhat revolutionary in its character. Among 

the things that are to be shown are the making of 

spaghetti, the manufacture of ink, carbon paper, 

typewriter ribbons, the graphic display of a new 

power issued by the Prest-O-Lite Co., New York 

City, and industrial things of a similar nature. 

LINCOLN, ANDREW & LANE, INC. is the name of a 

concern just incorporated at Pawtucket, R. I., to 

carry on a plumbing, lieating and tinsmithing business". 

The incorporators are: James P. Lincoln, 

Providence; Edward H. Andrew, Pawtucket, and 

Roland P. Lane, Providence.

62 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 



should be based only on quotations 






July 9, 1920 


York City by merchants carrying stocks. 

As there are many consumers whose requirements are not sufficiently heavy 


lots from mills, these prices are given for their convenience. 

On a number of articles the base price only is given, it being impracticable 


ALUMINUM- 


99% pure, in ingots for remelting, 

100-lb. lots—37 to 39c 

ANTIMONY— 


10c to 12c 

BRASS, ROLL AND SHEET— 


BISMUTH— 

Per lb $4.00 to $4.50 

CONDUCTORS— 

Corrugated- 


Galvanized steel 30% 


Copper 10% 

Spiral Lock Seam Pipe- 

Galvanized 20% 


Galvanized On application 

(See also Elbows and Shoes; 

Eaves Trough Mitres; Strainers, 

Conductor.) 

CONDUCTORS, STRAINERS— 

(See Strainers, Conductor.) 

COPPER— 

Lake ingot 21H-22J_c 

Electrolytic 21-22c 


COPPER SHEETS 

Hot Rolled, 24-oz. base price, per 

lb., 29 

NO. i No. 2 No. 3 

4 n 

' . $4.00 $3.90 $2.75 

^ "l 4.10 3.95 2.8i 

Pef r0ll> 108 S< J- ft ROSIN— 

Common to good strained (wholesale), 

80 lbs., per lb $11.50 

SHEETS— 

Blue Annealed— 

Cents per lb. 

No. 10, per lb. 

6.50-8.00 


6.55-8.05 


6.60-8.10 


6.70-8.20 

Black— One Pass. C. R. 

Soft-Steel 

No. 18 to 20, per lb 7.80- 9.80 

No. 22 to 24, per lb 7.85- 9.85 

No. 26, per lb 7.90- 9.90 

No. 27, per lb 7.95- 9.95 

No. 28, per lb 8.00-10.00 

No. 29, per lb 8.05-10.05 

No. 30, per lb 8.25-10.25 

No. 28 and lighter, 36 wide, 

10c higher 


20 gauge 11.10c 

22 and 24 gauge 11.20c 

26 gauge 11.30c 

28 gauge 11.50c 

Galvanized— 

Cents per lb 

Nos. 12 and 14 9.10-10.60 

No. 16 9.25-10.75 

Nos. 18 and 20 9.40-10.90 

Nos. 22 and 24 9.25-11.05 

No. 26 9.70-11.20 

No. 27 9.85-11.35 

No. 28 10.00-11.50 

No. 30 10.50-12.50 

No. 28 and lighter, 36 in. wide, 

20c higher 

Corrugated Roofing—Galvanized— 

2J_ in. corrugations, 30c per 100 


Corrugated Roofing—Painted- 


2y2-'\-n. Corrugation 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

No. 26, pr 100 sq. ft. 

No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

SLATE ROOFING— 

F. O. B. cars, Quarry Station. 

Per Square 

According 

Pennsylvania— to size 

Best Bangor $8.00 to $11.00 

No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 

Pen Argyl 7.75 to 8.25 

Peach Bottom 10.50 to 12.50 

No. 1 Chapman 7.75 to 8.75 

Vermont- 

No. 1 Sea Green $5.00 to $8.50 

Unfading Green 6.50 to 13.50 

Red 22.00 

Maine- 

Brownsville, Unfading Black, 

-, 

- 

2-Fly larred Paper $1 «i 

3-Ply Tarred Paper ;"7oO 


r, , „. , Prices on application 

Koohng Pitch, per ton $30 00 

Open per lb 15c 

No - ] SOLDER— 

T 

_ to J_ guaranteed 37ô 

No. 1 34^ 

Refined 30c 



composition. 


Yaeger's Salts: 

1-lb. cans, each fid 

5-lb. cans, each $3.00 

A. S. P. Fluid: 

Gallon $1.25 

12-gal. Carboy 90c per gallon 

(Jug and carboy extra) 

Callahan's Non-Corrosive, per 

gal $1.75 

SOLDERING COPPERS— 

Per lb. in 300-lb. lots 50c 

In 100 to 300-lb. lots advance 2c 

per lb. 

In lots of less than 100 lbs., ad* 

vance 4c per lb. 

STRAINERS, CONDUCTOR- 

2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 

Copper $2.80 $3.75 $5.75 $9.00 dz. 

Galv 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 dz, 

TIN PIGS AND BARS— 

Straits, pigs per lb 52c 

Straits, in bars, per lb 57c to 62c 

TIN PLATES—AMERICAN 

..Charcoal Plates—Bright— 

N. B.—The price of 14 x 20 

"AAA" Charcoal Melyn Grade: 

IC, 14x20 $16.50 

IX, 14x20 18.75 

IXX. 14x20 20.50 

IXXX. 14x20 22.25 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 

"A"Charcoal Allaways Grade: 

IC, 14x20 $14.25 

IX, 14 x 20 16.25 

IXX, 14 x 20 18.00 

IXXX. 14x20 19.75 

IXXXX, 14x20 21.50 

Coko Plates, Bright- 


80-lb $11.80 

90-lb 11.90 

100-lb 12.00 

IC 13.25 

IX 13.25 

IXX 14.25 

IXXX 15.25 

IXXXX 16.25 

Terne Plate- 


100-lb., 14 x 20 $9.35 

IC, 14 x 20 9.50 

IX, 14 x 20 10.50 


STORM-PROOF 

squared: 

12-Ib. Coating $11.50 


••-, $11.00 20-lb. Coating 12.25 

Slatters felt, 30-lb. roll 2 00 30-lb. Coating 13.50 

40-lb. roll 2.25 35-lb. Coating 14.25 

is the Ventilator with a constant 

M. F. Grade 13.50 

40-lb Coating 15.00 

STRONG, STEADY WASTE PULL COTTON— 

Per lb. in 5-lb. bags 22c 

outward of impure air, etc 


ROYADS VENTILATE FROM THE Western GROUND Slabs UP 10-llc 

quickly removing all foul air, gases, etc., supplying Sheets No. 9 instead base casks Pure, I4J_e 

Fresh, Wholesome Air. Note the Scientific construction which 

insures maximum exhausting capacity. 

The ROYAL is built for DURARILITY and HIGHEST efflciegcy. 

Made to any size, round or rectangular metal or _-lass 

top and with Fire Retarding Damper. 

Patented 

ml r gIaS 

° 

Send for Catalogue explaining why ROYALS should be nlaced 

on every building. 

u "* P laceu 

Pie tse quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

420 LOCUST STREET, PHILADELPHIA, p , 

THE ROYAL 

ROYAL VENTILATOR COMPANY



FLORAL PAEK, N. Y„ JULY 16, 1920. 





Manufacturers Iu the United States Must Prepare 

to Do More Business In Other Countries 


International Chamber of Commerce Establishe 

In directing attention to matters that have cost the time and money of some Ameri 

cans laboring for sound commercial expansion, it is the purpose to induce more 

of them to become informed on the work and to devote whatever is necessary to 

disposing of more of our product outside of the country to insure against the time 

T H E work of the first meeting of the International 

Chamber of Commerce, reported at the offices of 

the Chamber of Commerce of the United States 

litre, states that the new organization was creat._ at 

Paris at the meeting in July of 500 delegates from 

the five countries that participated last fall in the International 

Trade Conference — Belgium, Great 

Britain, France, Italy and the United States. Business 

interests in other countries will be taken into 

membership later. 

The meeting gave the delegates an apportunity to 

take up many questions of international business relations. 

The following is a summary of the action 

taken on a number of the most important subjects 

considered: 

Restoration of international credit, based on fixation 

of the amount and the conditions of payment for 

the debts of all countries, allies or enemies, was urged. 

It was resolved that allied states should agree also 

as soon as possible to fix definitely the amount and 

conditions of payments according to the stipulations 

in the treaty. 

There should be an avoidance of duplicate taxation 

of wealth of individuals or organizations in more than 

one country. 

There should be reduction of unnecessary expenditures 

on the part of local and national governments. 

Extension of credits, uniform banking laws, and 

war damages were dealt with. 

Reciprocal international treaties relative to import 

and export taxes were advocated. 

An international credit bureau was planned. 

--, .. .1 —i i„„oi fVinmbers of commerce were re 

when home consumption cannot absorb it. 

quested to co-operate with their governments to reduce 

national and local governmental expenditures. 

Governments and banking commercial industrial associations 

in all countries were urged to co-operate 

with the International Chamber and with each other 

to reduce importation of non-essentials by countries 

whose exchanges are depreciated and to increase exportations 

from such countries. 

There should be an endeavor to obtain the co-operation 

of labor to prevent delay in the turn-around of 

ships, delay between ships and trains, and delay in 

transportation by rail. 

There should be restriction as far as possible upon 

countries whose exchanges are depreciated, issuing 

foreign loans. 

There should be a reconstruction special committee 

to study the exchange situation. 

There should be encouragement of tourists through 

removal of unnecessary restrictions. 

It is desirable to furnish raw materials and credits. 

There should be facilitation and simplification of 

passport procedure. 

A committee was proposed to investigate the mischievous 

use of trade names and of misleading indi 

cations. 

Common nomenclature was proposed for customs 

tariffs of the allied nations. 

Revocation of import and export prohibitions was 

urged as soon as internal conditions of each country 

will allow. 

A resolution petitions the Board of Directors to 

establish a central bureau for international statistics 

covering production with forecast of output and prob 

able needs of each country.

64 


Luigi della Torre, Senator, president Italian Federation 

The world's stock of fuel was discussed. 

of Banks. 

A resolution urges hastening of utilization of hydroCommander 

Giorgia Mylius, president, Ita'ian Master 

electric power, development of measures for the use Cotton Spinners' and Weavers' Association. 

of mineral fuel scientifically and economically, and For the United States: 

development to the utmost of research in the extraction 

of coal and oil resources of the world. 

The full meeting expressed an opinion that Ger 

John H. Fahey, formerly president, Chamber of Commerce 

of the United States. 

Willis H. Booth, vice-president Guaranty Trust Co., New 

York, and formerly vice-president Chamber of Commerce 

many had not demonstrated an intention to fulfill its of the United States. 

obligations to the Allies, as agreed in the Treaty of Edward A. Filene, president, William Filene's Sons Co, 

Versailles. Allied governments were urged to tolerate Boston, and formerly a director in the Chamber of Com 

no further delay in the carrying out of treaty agreements. 

The next meeting of the International Chamber 

will be held in London, June, 1921. Temporary headquarters 

have been established in Paris. The locamerce 


Alternates: 

Harry A. Wheeler, formerly president of the Chamber of 

Commerce of the United States. 

William Butterworth, a director in the Chamber of Commerce 


tion of the permanent headquarters is left to the Owen D. Young, vice-president, General Electric Co., 

Board of Directors. 

New York City. 

Temporary Secretary-General: 

M. Dolleans, professor of Political Economy at the University 

of Dijon. 

The Chamber elected the following officers and directors 

: 

President: 

Etienne Clementel, former Minister of Commerce in 

France, and member of the Supreme Economic Council. 

Vice-Presidents: 

A. O. Bedford, New York City. 

Baron Edouard Empain, Belgian banker. 

A. J. Hobson, Sheffield, England. 

Vitorio Rolandi Ricci, Italy. 

Directors—For Belgium: 

Edgar Castelain. 

William Thys 

Canon LeGrand. 

For France: 

Eugene Schneider. 

Georges Pascalis. 

M. Coignet, of Lyons, president National Association for 

Economic Expansion. 

For England: 

Sir Arthur Shirley Benn. 

Walter Leaf, president, Institute of Bankers, Chairman, 

Lond County, Westminster & Parr's Bank. 

J. G. Jenkins, vice-president, British Producers' Association, 

and formerlv Premier, South Australia. 

For Italy: 

Marco Cassin. 

Union Responsibility Fixed 

ADECISION handed down by the Supreme Court 

at Rochester, N. Y., recently by Judge Adolph 

Rodenbeck states sound principles in a clear and vigorous 

manner. The decision upholds the contention 

of a clothing company which asserted that its employees 

were subjected to "verbal abuse, actual assaults 

and threats" and that its business was unlawfully 

interfered with by the Amalgamated Clothing 

Workers of America. The court made a temporary 

injunction permanent and allowed damages, the 

amount to be determined later. Although the decision 

relates directly to the clothing business, the-principles 

enunciated would apply to any kind of manufacturing. 

Judge Rodenbeck first set forth the relations of 

employers and employees to each other and to the 

public, saying: 

The plaintiffs were required to win their way in the 

world of business by hard and honest competition and by 

The Actuating Motive 

THE policy of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER is to grasp every 

opportunity to improve the minds, environment, and welfare of all connected 

with these industries; to promote the most cordial, sympathetic and harmonious 

co-operation between the manufacturers, jobbers, masters and journeymen; to render 

their services to the public more efficient, intelligent and satisfactory. 

We believe that the manufacturers, jobbers, masters and journeymen are honest, 

sincere in their desire to serve, and efficient in the discharge of their obligation to 

the public. 

We believe the sheet metal, plumbing and ehating industries are prerequisites 

to the comforts, convenience and sanitation which makes possible an environment 

conducive to health and happiness for all. 

To this end there is published in the pages of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

STEAM FITTER the most advanced ideas, approved practices, modern designs and 

practical methods emanating from the brilliant minds of the trade. 

To improve the welfare of the trade is our aim, to disseminate useful knowledge 

our constant endeavor. Therefore, the pages of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

STFAM FITTER are open for the publication of useful information which will assist 

in achieving our goal.


the character and quality of their goods; but the Amalgamated 

Clothing Workers, instead of endeavoring to secure 

recognition by an example of enlightened and reasonable 

administration in other factories, chose to force their way 

into plaintiffs factory by secrecy and by a strike backed 

by its powerful influence and supported by acts that the 

law condemns. Ultimate success in the labor movement does 

not lie along this line, but in the direction of a peaceful 

exemplification of a just and reasonable administration of 

affairs of the union, with advantages not only to employers 

and employees but to the public as well. 

In other words, when a business has been built up 

by long years of honest effort, a labor union has no 

right to destroy it by unlawful acts, but the union 

must establish itself upon the basis of merit, if at all. 

The court went on to show how the union in question, 

by its action toward another union which had 

been recognized by the clothing company, had been 

guilty of attempting to establish a monopoly of labor 

and the judge denounced economic and industrial despotism 

and monopolies, whether of labor or capital, 

as opposed to our principles of government. 

In conclusion, the court emphatically set forth that 

a union cannot escape the consequences of its acts if 

they are unlawful. "A concert of action by a labor 

organization and its members," said the judge, "to 

compel recognition of a union or to redress grievances 

by means of threats, intimidation, force, violence or 

similar coersive measures constitutes a conspiracy, 

whether such intention was present at the inception of 

the strike or afterward, and a national unincorporated 

labor union is liable for damages if its officers and 

agents acted within the scope of their authority as 

such in calling and carrying on the strike with the 

purpose of using such unlawful means; but the liability 

does not extend to the individual members who 

are not specifically connected with such acts." 

This decision shows that incorporation of a union 

is not necessary in order to hold it responsible for 

such acts as are here described. While an individual 

may not be compelled to share the liability unless 

there is evidence against him, the entire union as a 

body cannot escape responsibility for unlawful acts 

which, if established against an individual, would result 

in his punishment. The decision, although possibly 

more lenient than the one in the famous Danbury 

hatters' case as to the individual, is fully as rigid in 

establishing the responsibility of the union. 

A Memorial to Otto Walten 

By L. Giclas 

Upon the death of some persons the family sustains 

a great loss, but when the deceased is a person of 

broad vision and has labored consistently, leaving 

more in the world than was given him, something 

acquired or built up by his own painstaking efforts, 

the community shares in the loss. Is it not always 

the case that such a man's successes are recounted 

and the impress of his character in his accomplishments 

quicken thoughts and better actions in those 

who were his associates and remain? The works of 

such a man that benefit a trade are in a measure 

public property. 

Such a man was Otto L. Walten, formerly of Washington, 

D. C, and the works of his like should not 

be "hidden under a bushel." It is a pleasure to note 

that my last journeyman's service was in the employ 

of Mr. Walten and always pleasant relations have existed. 

Too often a boss gets sore when one of his 

workmen leaves to start in business for himself, but 

in my case the best encouragement received was by 

Mr. Walten, who sent me many good jobs. In gratitude 

for this and other things I am not satisfied with 

the brief obituary published at the time of his death 

early in the year. 

Furthermore, I worked in eighteen shops previous 

to working in his and can say that his was the best, 

Fine Front. Characteristic Of The Business 

and he the best to his men. Always considerate and 

even tempered in giving instruction to his men, with 

rare exceptions this won him obedience and continued 

loyal service from his force of twenty employees. He 

did only high-class work and talked more of quality 

than of cheapness. 

The accompanying photograph shows the front of 

his place of business, and is truly consistent, a cornicemaker's 

front with no paint to hide the material of 

which it is made. 

During the war he exhibited considerable moral 

courage by Americanizing his name to suit his nature 

and accomplishments. He leaves a large and valuable 

estate to his children. The Washington Sheet Metal 

Contractors' Association, of which he was a member, 

has noted his services by the adoption of the following 

resolution: 

From the beginning of history it has been the custom t 

pay tribute to our benefactors on their decease, and to extoll 

in memorials their deeds. 

BE IT RESOVLED by this association that in the death of 

Otto L. Walten the sheet metal trade of Washington has 

lost the best exponent for organized effort for trade betterment. 

He was the pioneer organizer of the trade of 

this city. , ... 

AND BE IT NOTFD that his many good qualities, amiable 

disposition, and progressive spirit has marked him one of 

our best citizens, a model husband, a kind and considerate 

father and a first-class business man; and that this be 

inscribed in the minutes of this meeting. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Louis GICLAS.


Entrances to Underground Convenience Station, Scranton, Pa 

Women's Section Are from Different Streets, and Exhaus 

Showing Excellent Arrangement. Stairs to Men's and 

for Vitiated Air Is Disguised as a Large Flower Urn. 

Need For Public Convenience Stations 

Investigation Discloses A Regretable Condition In the Woeful Lack 

HP HE United States is not lacking in imposing 

A municipal buildings of a monumental character. 

Every town and city boasts of its city hall, courthouse, 

library or other structure of particular artistic 

merit. The City of Washington, D. C, bearing the 

nation's capitol, naturally excels in this type of structure. 

We would in nowise discourage the further construction 

of such buildings, not reflect in any wise 

on the pride attendant to their possession. 

It is here desired not only to point out the regrettable 

lack and apparent unconcern which exists concerning 

a very necessary type of municipal structure, 

i. e.j the public convenience, more commonly termed 

"comfort" station, but also to urge the provision of 

an adequate number of such structures without delay. 

Perhaps in less arid times, some excuse existed for 

this unhygienic condition, since in a measure the now 

extinct saloon helped supply the convenience which 

the municipality had failed to provide. This excuse 

no longer exists and at the present time a campaign 

should be undertaken in practically every community 

to bring about the erection of an adequate number of 

such structures. 

An investigation has brought out the fact that it is 

of This Very Necessary Type of Structure 

not a difficult matter to make such stations self-sustaining. 

Two of the most important problems to be 

worked out in connection with this class of building, 

which, of course, is purely utilitarian in character, 

are the location, ». e., whether above or below ground, 

whether in a prominent or secluded location, arrangement 

of approach, etc., and adequate ventilation. 

Since these problems have been satisfactorily worked 

out in many structures now existing, a study of some 

of these will be of considerable interest. 

There are here presented photographs and drawings 

illustrating an underground convenience station built 

in Scranton Pa, designed by Duckworth Brothers, 

architects; also plans of an underground convenience 

station, designed by the same architects, to be erected 

on Providence Square, Scranton. 

It will be noticed from the photograph showing the 

general location of the former that this station is near 

the intersection of two busy thoroughfares, yet the 

entrances are so screened by shrubbery as not to be 

over prominent. The stairways leading to the men's 

and women s compartments are approached by walks 

heading from different streets, an admirable a.range-


Plan, Public Convenience Station to Be Erected at Providence Square, Scranton, Pa. 

The station is under the charge of two male and Thus the cost of operation per person was 3.3 mills. The 

„ , , , , ° , , ., .... population of the city of Scranton is 150,000. 

two female attendants, who each work in 8-hr. shifts, • ' 

the station being closed from midnight until 8 a. m. During 1919 the number of persons visiting the 

Data relating to this station, collected during the station was in the neighborhood of 2,000,000. The 

year 1918, is here presented: need of additional stations is evident. 

I LOO! HAM 

Plan of Underground Public Convenience Station, Scranton, Pa. 

Total number of persons visiting the station during the 

year—1,111,519, this including both men and women. Approximately 

20 per cent, of this number were women. 

Annual salary of four attendants, $2,400. 

Cost of light, heat, water and supplies, $1,726.04. 

Total cost of maintenance during 1918, $4,126.04. 

Revenue from pay eompartnments, $478.32. 

Net cost, $3,647.72. 

Cross Section on Line AA 

v 

The ventilating system installed is capable of effecting 

a complete air change every 3 min. Ample 

indirect heating coils are provided to maintain the incoming 

fresh air at the proper temperature during 

winter months. The station is practically odorless, 

something which unfortunately cannot be said of all

68 M E T A L W O R K E R , PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 16, 1920 

such structures. 

John S. Duckworth, of Duckworth Bros., the architects, 

states relative to the design of convenience 

stations: 

The point I consider of utmost importance in the construction 

of a comfort station is the avoidance of any materials 

which will absorb uric acid gas. Concrete should 

be avoided for a finish, and even the joints between glazed 

Longitudinal Section. Providence Square Station. 

terests. Among the latter are transportation facilities, 

gas, electricity, etc. Included with the former is 

the public convenience station. There is no other public 

improvement which affects such a large number of 

taxpayers, and which can be provided at such slight 

expense to the individual. 

Every park development scheme should include 

plans for the inclusion of such stations. In addition, 

tile will absorb this gas. Once any material becomes perthey 

should be located at other points conveniently 

meated with this odor, it is impossible to keep the station 

accessible to the public. 

either sanitary or odorless. Argentine glass has been found 

No industrial plant would consider for a moment 

to be impracticable on account of its cracking. 

the omission of such an important feature from its 

Another point I consider essential is to have all fixtures 

plans. Business men realize that money invested in 

operate automatically, such as flush tvpe water-closets which 

such features, in rest rooms, etc., yields future profits. 

are flushed with the release of pressure on the seat. By 

using automatic flush tank arrangement for the urinals 

In many states the factory laws establish the mini 

they may be flushed at any at any stated interval. 

mum facilities of this nature which must be provided 

In the convenience station illustrated this feature 

in such class of buildings, the lawmakers realizing 

has been admirably worked out. Even the exhaust for 

that the health of the employees must be properly 

vitiated air having been camouflaged by treating it as 

safeguarded. 

a large flower urn, which adds to, rather than detracts 

from, the general appearance. 

The approach to a comfort station should be attractively 

laid out, the landscape design incorporating the use of 

IZaSSffiHSTT 

hedges, flowers and trees, so that the entrances will be 

somewhat secluded, and the whole appearance made so as 

to add to the attractiveness of the parkwav or place where 

the structure is located. 

Interior View, Public Convenience Station at Scranton 

Pa. 

In every community there are certain conveniences 

which must be provided by the municipality, and certain 

which can be legitimately provided by private in- 

P.an Showing MeânicaÊquipment, Providence 

There seems no logical reason to compel the installation 

of such features in buildings constructed by pri- 

leltX ""* '^^ ^ ^^ throughout the 

rest of the community. As a matter of fact, it is easy 

to determine the progressive city or town by investigating 

its mumc.pal works, and to see to what extent 

the taxpayers are benefited thereby 

dent7and .o e f ing t0 *"""* the P ublic ' both as resi " 

fnto t. „ A r? P ur P° ses > ^ d do well to look 

____?_.,».• . °? g * he Hne ° utlined and see if it« ° 

record is satisfactory in this respect.


Duties of Plumbing Inspector and Method of Recording 

Inspection According to State Plumbing Law 

Administration of Public Health in Ohio 

By oAden E. Smith 

SCIENCE has definitely proven that wastes from 

any given plane of life are destructive to that 

plane from which they spring. This is specially 

true of human life, for it is well known that many 

of the most fatal diseases to which the race is subject 

originate from insufficient removal and improper 

disposal of the body wastes. 

The first sanitary law of which we have any record 

was promulgated by Moses when he commanded the 

children of Israel to bury the waste from their bodies 

in the earth. (Deut. 23:12 and 13.) This would 

indicate that even in ancient times the danger to 

human life from waste products was recognized. 

Much ingenuity has been exercised in modern 

times to remove liquid and solid waste matter in a 

safe manner from buildings used for human occupancy 

and habitation, and to furnish a copious supply 

of pure water for drinking, bathing and all domestic 

uses. This has been best accomplished by the 

installation of modern, sanitary plumbing, where 

water-flushed fixtures receive the wastes and remove 

them through a sewerage system to a safe place of 

disposal. It is very important, however, that systems 

of plumbing be installed in buildings so as to 

conform with well-known natural and hygienic laws. 

This requires the practical application of these laws 

by persons well informed and trained in their par 

ticular line. 

Most progressive cities, or other political subdivisions, 

maintain ordinances providing for the inspection 

of plumbing installed in every class of building 

within their corporations and define certain methods 

which must be used. 

All district boards of health as organized under 

the Griswold Public Health Law have the authority 

to create the office of plumbing inspector in their district 

and define his duties. The law of Ohio requires 

that local ordinances or resolutions 

Definite Duties prescribing the method of installing 

of Plumbing plumbing must not conflict with the 

Inspector provisions of the State Plumbing 

Code. For this reason the best 

method for municipalities is to adopt an ordinance 

creating the office of city plumbing inspector, define 

his duties, state his salary and incorporate in this 

ordinance by reference Sections 12600-137 to 12600- 

273 G. C, Ohio laws, which is the Ohio State Plumbing 

Code, making it apply to all classes and character 

of buildings within their jurisdiction. A recent opinion 

of the Attorney-General has held this to be legal. 

The Ohio State Plumbing Code is administered by 

tlie Ohio State Department of Health through a State 

inspector of plumbing, which office is created by Section 

1261-1 to 15 G. C. It is the duty of the Division 

of Plumbing to examine and approve plans of plumbing, 

drainage and sanitary equipment to be installed 

in all buildings coming within the jurisdicton of the 

State inspector of plumbing. An opinion of the Attorney-General 

holds that these include all buildings, 

except single or double dwellings unless such buildings 

are situated within a municipality or other political 

subdivision enforcing an ordinance or resolution 

regulating the inspection of plumbing. These 

plans must be submitted before the contract for the 

sanitary work has been awarded. 

In addition to the examination and approval of 

plans, the State inspector of plumbing issues permits 

to install sanitary equipment upon application 

in regular form, and payment of fees as required by 

law. Inspections of all plumbing in- 

Records of installations are made and those that are 

Plumbing insanitary or defective condemned. He 

Jobs keeps proper records of all work submitted 

to his office and makes monthly reports 

to the State Commissioner of Health and the 

Ohio Public Health Council. When jobs are completed, 

he may issue certificates of approval and may 

revoke same for cause. It is his duty to enter prosecutions 

against all persons violating the provisions of 

the Plumbing Code or Sections 1261 — 15, G. C. 

In addition to the above duties it is the desire of 

the division of plumbing to assist in educational work 

along sanitary lines as the occasion presents itself. 

Many requests are received from clubs, city councils, 

chambers of commerce and other organizations interested 

in public health work for a representative of 

the division to address them on the relation of plumbing 

to the public health. We accept these invitations 

cheerfully whenever possible and in the past have 

illustrated our lectures with appropriate slides. 

Beginning July 1, 1920, the State Department of 

Health will register all persons engaged in the business 

of plumbing as provided for in Sections 1261-2, 

G C This will be without cost to the applicant for 

registration and if registered a suitable certificate will 

be issued by the department. The information received 

in this way will be valuable to the department 

and facilitate its work. 

It is the desire of the department to solicit the cooperation 

not only of the plumbers of the State in 

this work, but all citizens who are interested in better 

health.

70 Alt WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 16, 1920 

A Comprehensive Treatment of the Factors 

Governing Circulation and Their Application 

to Heating Building 

New Treatment of Hot Water Heating 

By Edivard E. Parker 

W H E R E it is necessary to have a radiator on the 

same level as the heater, if there are other radiators 

on the floor above, it is a simple matter to 

bring the return pipe down into the top of the lower 

radiator to act as its flow, and run the return pipe 

back to the heater by any one of the three ways 

shown in Fig. 20. If there are no higher radiators 

from which the flow pipe can be taken, a single radiator 

on the same level as the heater should be connected 

botli at flow and return, as shown in the 

Radiators on solid lines in that cut. The dotted lines 

the Heater 

Level 

showing the return pipe running as directly 

as possible from the return opening 

in the radiator to the return opening 

in the heater illustrates the usual practice. If a door 

or some similar obstruction should intervene, the return 

would be run beneath the floor as shown by the 

lower dotted lines. 

Both of these methods of running back the returns 

should be avoided, the latter especially, because the 

heat lost below the floor is not only wasted, but wasted 

*UI 

/ 

Drip Cock 

=SJ 

= f c 

. _— 

Dr/0 Cock 

Fig. 20. Heating- Radiators Below Supply 

and Return Mains. 

in such a manner as to retard and often to prevent the 

water circulating through the radiator. If the return 

pipe be taken from the bottom of the radiator and 

then upward to the level of the flow pipe, or just be 

PART X 

low it, and thence, rising at the same grade as the flow 

pipe, back to the place where it must drop to the bottom 

of the heater, the circulation will be accelerated, 

unnecessary expense avoided and fuel saved for reasons 

which have already been explained. 

Of course some method of venting the return loop 

must be provided, but pet cocks must be avoided, as 

they are liable to be neglected. The best way to vent 

this return pipe is by means of a Y^-in. connection 

leading from the top of the highest fitting on the return 

pipe to the expansion tank or any pipe that is 

naturally vented in the manner shown in Fig. 21. The 

upward loop in the -/4~in. pipe is necessary, because 

d'Htnt- 

A _•/'urn Afa/n 

HO: 

10_J~ Oêrf/orY 

•Expansion 7bnk 

A/ow Mar//? 

Fig 21. Venting System Through Expansion Tank. 

the air which will always remain in the top of it prevents 

any short circuiting of water from the expansion 

tank into the perpendicular part of the return main, 

whicli otherwise would occur whenever the water in 

the expansion tank rose above the point where the 

pipe enters it. 

This loop should be several inches high nnd put together 

at the top with a close nipple, so as to bring 

the legs as near together as possible, in order that the 

slightest amount of air will be sufficient to seal the 

passage. Fig. 20 shows how the main should be 

vented. 

Where the building is one that requires a considerable 

amount of radiation, more or less distributed, all 

in rooms on the same level as the heater, it is something 

of a problem to lay out a system that will circulate 

the water in a satisfactory manner, and owing 

to the constantly increasing number of garages, conservatories 

and similar one-story structures, the demand 

for this sort of hot water installations is proportionally 

increased.


In such installations as these, as in all hot-water 

heating work, the water will circulate through the system 

whenever there is fire in the heater, provided that 

/Air Loop 

Dra/77 AaAe- 

Fig 22. Supply and Return Connections from Same 

Main Mitre Coil Below It. 

the cooling center is above the heating center, as previously 

explained, unless there are air pockets or other 

obstructions inside the pipe. 

In order to induce a reasonably rapid circulation 

where there is much retarding force, care should be 

taken to remove every possible impediment that would 

tend to retard the circulation. To do this, the pipes 

should be a size larger, and the overhead mains often 

two sizes larger, than would be necessary if the radiation 

were' above the mains. Care should be taken never 

to butt return lines, and such details as the careful 

reaming of pipes, which ordinarily may be omitted, 

should be attended to. 

When the system involves the heating of a number 

of radiators or wall coils, the flow should rise directly 

to the highest point and be vented as already described. 

Then the main should run around the building 

as in the single circuit system. If there should 

happen to be a room or two upstairs which needs to 

be heated, these radiators should be connected as already 

described, and they will be a great help in accelerating 

the circulation through the radiators below. 

The returns from the radiators near the heater may 

be carried back separately if desired, but care should 

be taken that the high places should be vented as before 

described. 

rffP/pe ^-Ceiling 

Wains' 

WCTanK 

Fig. 24. A System Without an Expansion Tank. 

Mitre coils with the perpendicular pipes extending 

high on the wall give the best results with this sort 

of work. The horizontal header should be the one 

nearest the heater as the water flows, and the return 

pipe which runs up into the main again should be taken 

from the bottom of the return header as shown in 

Fig. 22. These pipes should be the full size of the 

main. Another pipe of the same size should lead 

from the other end of the flow header and up into the 

bottom of the main as shown. If the main between 

these two points was entirely open, the water would 

flow freely through it and would never pass through 

the coil at all. If the main, between these two points, 

were plugged tight, or a piece of it cut out, it would 

be impossible to keep the air from collecting at the 

high points and shutting off the circulation. 

The scheme of plugging the main, leaving only a 

/^\ Fig. 23. The Method That 

Insures Circulation and 

Heating. 

small hole at the top for the passage of air, has been 

tried without much success, it being difficult to have a 

hole so small that no considerable quantity of water 

will go through it and thus throw the plant out of 

operation further along, and still be large enough to 

keep the main always vented. This may be done by 

the use of the air trap around a gate valve, as shown 

in Fi"-. 22 and 23. If the room is so high that this 

valve would be difficult to reach, a quick opening valve 

operated by means of a pulley and chain may be used. 

When the system is filled with water, which should 

always be done by means of a pipe connected to return 

main or into the bottom of the heater, the air 

which the water displaces flows freely from the low 

to the high part of the main through the air trap.


'- 

i 

r 

Dro/rj P'/oe 

\^ end Coe A, 

Bi/-Pc33 

* 7. 

» Air Trajo 

•* 

1 

**— Water Stz/op/y 

Draw-off CocA V" 

anaffire?//?P/pe ~-x__U 

Fig. 25. A Hot Water Heating Plant With Every Radiator Below Mains and on s'ame Floor as Boiler. 

When the water reaches such a height that both ends 

of the air trap are under water, there is no place for 

the air inside it to escape and what is left there is 

pressed into the top of the loop, and effectually cuts 

off any leakage of water through it. 

There is, however, a considerable quantity of air 

in the water itself from which it separates when the 

water is heated, and this air rises to join the other air 

in the trap. When it collects in sufficient quantity to 

overflow, the surplus is forced out into the highest section 

of the main, from which it escapes through the 

main vent. If a coil instead of a radiator is to be 

heated where the horizontal header is considerably below 

the main, the space in the main between the two 

ends of the air trap may be plugged tight and the valve 

placed as shown in Fig. 22. This allows the water to 

bypass through the flow header without going through 

the remainder of the coil. 

It often happens that in heating installations which 

are confined to a single story, there is no room to put 

an expansion tank above the mains. In such a case an 

ordinary water-closet ball cock tank, located several 

feet below the mains can be utilized for the purpose as 

shown in Fig. 24. 

With this arrangement, the system is filled in the 

usual way by opening the water-supply valve which 

lets the water into the bottom of the heater. As the 

water goes in the air is driven out through the vent 

pipes shown in the sketch leading out of the top of 

the mains, through the air chamber made of l^-in. 

pipe clamped to the ceiling and down into the bottom 

of the ball cock tank through the y2-in. brass pipe 

starting from near the top of the tee and reaching almost 

to the bottom of the tank. 

Brass should always be used for the piece which 

goes into the tank, as there is less corrosion. As the 

water flows into the system the air goes out, rising 

through the water in the tank with a bubbling sound. 

When that sound ceases, the system is full. 

When the water is heated, it expands the surplus 

over into the tank and thence to the bowl if the tank 

gets too full. When the fire goes down the water 

contracts m volume, forming a vacuum in the air chamber 

This sucks up from the tank the necessary water 

to nil it so that the apparatus requires very little attention 

as far as water is concerned. In a situation 

like this steam would be likely to get into the air trap 

if the water in the heater should boil, so the legs of 

the trap should be as high and as close together as 

possible, in order that the smallest possible amount of 

air will seal the system. 

An entire heating plant is shown in Fig. 25 where 

everything is contained within rooms on a single floor 

and the expansion tank some 3 ft. below the mains. 

(To Be Continued) 

Safety is the corner-stone of efficiency. The more 

_____• ___rzs he — ••*•* » J: 

.


It Has the Merit of Service With Satisfaction 

For a Number of Years on Many Farms 

Ventilating System for Modern Dairy Bar 

T) EFORE the new era in milk production and the 

*-' care of dairy herds, any kind of shelter for the 

cows was considered good enough. The barns 

20 and more years ago were sided with rough lumber 

and only in rare cases double boarded. Cracks an 

inch wide were common and the stock was merely protected 

from the severe winter storms under these 

conditions. 

The prosperous, up-to-date farmer has learned that 

his cows must be comfortable in the winter season if 

he expects to receive from them the income necessary 

to pay for their maintenance and leave a surplus to 

meet all other farm and family expenses. The new 

barns are well built, being ceiled on the inside and 

made as weatherproof as possible. These barns are 

supplied with an abundance of windows and with 

concrete walls and floors. 

In New York State fully 90 per cent, of the farmers 

have equipped their stables with water buckets, so 

that the cows may drink at any time of day or night 

and the milk production has increased wonderfully. 

V, gc - ai ' A -Â^/CanopLf braces. 

Sejuare to 

round transip~^ 

tion 

Sec at' B 

Fig. i. 

E3EJ 

Joice 

y 

F.yz 

F* 1 -Outer shell. 

-Foul air shaft. 

-Dead air space 

Rect. to round base. 

Plate-- 

_T Ha * fhot 

Ceiling 

Foul air shaft 

 

A Slitting 

fl 1111111 ri 

Q older 

I. 

Hea\iu 06. 

Centering q sta, stay 

\ 

%A>—> Fiq. 6. 

A 

J 

^-Solder 

B.


This is the field that many country shops would line and is then cased from floor to roof with wood 

work with profit to themselves and with satisfaction to boxing. This keeps it warm and adds to efficiency 

the community served. Any who sees fit to go after and also prevents it being crushed by pressure of hay. 

barn ventilation business should get a price which will Where expense has to be considered, the system is 

enable him to make the work up in the best manner installed as shown in Fig. 1, the round pipe continu 

possible. The portion of the system or the ventilator ing only just below roof where connection is made by 

above the barn roof is exposed to excessive strain from square to round transition with square wood shaft. 

high winds and should be made of No. 22 gauge mate The lower end of foul air shaft in stable is shown in 

rial with provision to guy with wires to roof by at Fig. 3. This is brought to within 18 in. of the floor. 

taching heavy loops to outer shell. These loops should The plan of barn is given in Fig. 4 with the outlet 

be reinforced with washers of heavy stock. The can- flues at A and fresh air inlets at B. These, it will be 

seen, are not placed opposite each other, but are 

"staggered." The stanchion lines are shown at C, 

the barn gutters at D and E is the driveway. 

In Fig. 5 is shown how nuts are soldered to outer 

shell in their proper location. These receive the bolts 

which hold the canopy legs. The canopy is not placed 

until balance of ventilator is erected. 

In Fig. 6 A shows how outer shell and inner flue are 

held together at top. The inner flue is assembled and 

made of sufficient length to reach from top of ventilator 

to below roof. Same is beaded as shown, with 

heavy O. S. bead, y2 in. from the edge. This edge is 

Outer Shell 

slitted every half inch, and the outer 

shell and top ring are fastened with burr 

and Inner edge, as shown, and soldered. The in- 

Flue ner diameter of top ring is cut to make a 

very tight fit for inner flue. Then the 

Fig. 7. View of Ventilator On Barn Roof. outer shell with top ring attached is dropped over in- 

opy legs should be of good heavy galvanized band iron 

and should be so attached to the canopy that no wind 

can ever loosen them. 

The size of ventilator in most common use in this 

part of New York State is 2_ in. in diameter inside 

and 28 in. outside. It will be noticed in Fig. 1 that 

the construction above the roof allows an air space 

between the inner flue and the outer shell. This air 

space prevents the extremely cold air coming in contact 

with the foul air shaft proper and adds greatly 

to the efficiency of the ventilator. These ventilators 

can, of course, be made in any desired size. 

Experience has taught that 23 sq. in. of foul air 

outlet and 20 sq. in. of fresh air inlet are as nearlv 

correct as possible for best results. The fresh air inlets 

are made of No. 26 galvanized iron and are each 

supplied with furnace pipe damper. This permits the 

air supply being throttled if extreme cold or high wind 

prevails. 

The method of introducing this fresh air is shown 

in Fig. 3 with the pipe brought through the side of 

the barn just above the sill and continued up inside 

the stable, delivering the fresh air at the ceiling. The 

detail in Fig. 3 shows how the lower elbow passes 

through both ceiling and siding and also that this leg 

of elbow has considerable pitch which allows it to 

drain out any condensation or any storm water which 

might blow into it. 

A cross section of ventilator is shown in Fig. 1 and 

it is only necessary to add in explanation that" for the 

size ventilator mentioned above the air space would 

be 2 in. The overhang of the canopy would be 10 in 

The clearance between top of ventilator and bottom of 

canopy would be 9 in. 

Where the customer will pay a little more the round 

galvanized iron foul air shaft is continued to hay-floor 

"f _» %l n d Slit edge is turned down and soldered as 

at tf. the centering stays are shown in Fig. 6, which 

take the strain off top ring while ventilator is being 

handled at shop and during erection. The round sections 

of outer shell is, of course, nicely fitted at shop 

to lower rectangular base but is left loose for ease in 

handling. 

To erect, the base section is placed on the roof, the 

hole being cut between two rafters, and is shingled in. 

The upper section of outer shell, with sufficient inner 

s,tion Ind . lT. bd0W r °° f ' iS neXt raised to poit.on 

and carefully lowered through base until upper 

sec ion and base are engaged. The canopv is .hen 

Souid: p r a ^ d %° ** wires att - h ^. &__ 

should be put on double and then twisted taut The 

The'woo°d r °h n ft*" 113111011 , " n6Xt inserted bel -of 

whe„ fre-fh "° W built by the Car P enter and > 

A finished v Qlr P T 3re inStalkd ' the J° b is fi -êd 

when nfcelv Z rf °T " Flg ' ? ' Jt wiU be * that 

_renot ov ,T £ . pro P 0, - tione d these ventilators 

are not only a benefit but an ornament. 

in The 6 pTa/in F" T_ &1 7S be P kced as sh ° 

pWeL P t 1 :xt,:mIê 4 ofb S a 0 rn et Tnth they "*" ^ 

offset above hay floor must be made Th. " ^ ^ 

must use good judgment an rf! 

e mechamc 

all changes in direci" 

3nd have 

"^^ 

the "draff of th"-flue ^ ** P SsMe t0 favor 

° 

ûXVe^lbtn ^r^ 01 ^ DOt ^ 

a track for carrying w L ^ ^ T ^ 

thiS is that 

No patterns forVhe _ K 7 7 * Pkced in the P eak ' 

have been ine Sed in t. . , partS . of , the *»««*» 

the class of evervdav S ,' "J 

aU COmes under 

be made with a roun^ h °P w ° ^ , , T h i s ventila ^ can 

The rectangl, base Sf I û t0P t0 r °° f - 

appearance adds much ' however, to the

uly 16, 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 75 

Time to Repair 

Heating and Cooking Apparatus 

The Trade Throughout the Country Should Unite 

AC USTOMER served promptly is a customer 

in Keeping this Idea Before the Puhlic 

pleased. Repairs to heating and cooking apparatus, 

as a rule, are of an imperative nature so 

that when they are needed, the man should be 

ready to supply what is required. If this fact is 

kept in front of the householder, he will look into 

his kitchen range and see the condition of the firebox 

linings and grates and he will also realize that he 

cannot start up his heating apparatus next fall unless 

everything is in good condition. 

However, human nature is so constituted that unless 

this thing is kept before a man, he is likely to 

neglect it. Then he will be unreasonable in his demands 

upon the heating contractor and speak disparagingly 

of him if the service desired is not prompt. 

It cannot be prompt with conditions as they are now 

in all of the foundries manufacturing this line of 

goods. 

In most instances these plants cannot get the number 

of molders they require; they have orders for 

their popular goods that must be filled, and to get the 

patterns from the pattern loft to make repairs for 

goods on the market some time, requires time and patience 

on the part of an indispensable man so that 

orders for such repairs placed to be shipped by the 

next freight are likely to lead to disappointing results. 

Then again, if the foundry is given some time, the 

necessary grates, grate bars, firebox linings of various 

sorts, or other repair castings can be put on a list at 

the foundry and made as opportunities offer so as to 

be ready for delivery when the last call is made. 

The man who goes into any house to make repairs of 

any sort and overlooks the opportunity to note the condition 

of the vulnerable parts of the 

Make Investiga- heater or the range, is neglecting a 

tion of People's good chance to bring back an order 

Equipment for required repairs that should be 

procured during the season when 

the apparatus is not in heavy use so that they can be 

made before the rush of business for the fall season 

comes. 

There are always a number of people who are not 

foresighted and they will not take advantage of time 

to prepare for what is sure to be needed. There are 

other people more inclined to prepare for their future 

wants. And, if the heating contractor and the local 

tradesman will see to it that those who are likely to 

need repairs arrange to have them made when the 

rush season is some distance off, there is a better 

probability of the tradesman doing a larger amount 

of business during the year and consequently a larger 

profit. There is also the certainty of being able to 

do the work as it ought to be done when there is not 

so much of a drive and thereby giving better satisfaction 

to the customer. 

If the smoke pipe is taken down and cleaned at 

this season of the year, wrapped up in newspaper and 

stored in a dry place, it will increase 

Put the Chim- the length of its service very mateney 

Connections rially. If it is put up again in the 

in Order fall at the right time, it will insure 

the apparatus having the full draft 

of the chimney and this sort of repair work brings 

other work to mind. Cleaning the flues is sure to 

increase the efficiency and reduce the coal consumption 

and the heater man should recommend that the 

work be done. 

It is always quite possible that some feature of the 

kitchen equipment needs overhauling when repairs are 

made to the range and it is well not to overlook things 

of this sort, like covering the drainboard to the sink, 

or the kitchen table, with a piece of zinc. The fixing 

of the stove pipe and the heater may also prove an opportunity 

to discover that the furnace pipe to some 

room is too small to do the heating required, that a 

register placed in another room would increase the 

comfort, a larger radiator in some room would be better, 

or the different location of a radiator would be 

more convenient to the family. 

All these things are of a nature to increase the comforts 

and pleasures of the owner and those who use 

any pretext to get work done at this season will continue 

popular with those who can start the fire in their 

apparatus when most needed without being obliged to 

wait for the workman to do some overlooked but muchneeded 

repair or adjustment. 

Again, the stock of repair castings in the hands of 

the wholesalers are better at this season of the year 

than they will be in the rush season. They also have 

plenty of time to sort out what is required carefully 

and correctly, and make the shipment. 

Get Orders in And with the railroads as slow in the 

for Repair delivery of goods as they have been 

Castings recently, this is a matter of great importance. 

It is useless to complain 

about slow delivery if the ordering has been put off 

till the last minute. Get your customers alive to 

their needs. Get your order in for what they need. 

Get the stock into your shop and then keep busy on 

repair work until everybody in your neighborhood 

thinks you are the greatest fellow in the town because 

you do what they want done when it ought to be done 

and leave their outfits in shape for immediate service. 

Don't pose as a superior being just because you 

are succeeding; others have succeeded before you 

were born; still others are succeeding now; yet others 

will succeed after you are dead and gone. 

—Associated Advertising.

76 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 16. 1920 

Has the Spirit for Achievement Through 

Associated Efforts in Training and Success 

Midland Club's New President 

When a man shows the generosity to take a leadership with all its responsibility, 

those in the field are ready to pay tribute to making his acquaintance. In response 

to an invitation to give something on his entrance to the furnace industry, J. M. Trigg, 

the new president of the Midland Club, has taken those in the field generously into 

his confidence. 

IT is with pleasure that I acknowledge your congratulations 

and expressions of good will on the 

event of my having been honored with the position 

of president of the Midland Club. In compliance 

with your request you have my portrait, although I 

am not very strong on publicity, but have no obj ection 

in this event. I feel that I have been highly honored 

and am only glad to render such service as I can to 

this organization. 

I did hesitate, however, to accept the position as I 

cannot hold a candle to my predecessor, John D. 

Green, who has not only been faithful in attendance 

at the meetings but has a splendid manner of conducting 

the meetings so as to keep up the lively interest 

as well as adding a whole lot to the good cheer and 

sending the men home in any event feeling that it has 

paid them for the time and money spent at the meeting. 

However, inasmuch as Mr. Green had retired 

from the furnace field and it was felt that something 

should be relieved, of course there was nothing else 

to do but select a new president, and, as I was the 

vice-president for several years, naturally was promoted 

to the higher position. 

I am very anxious for the success of the Midland 

Club during my administration, but feel that its success 

will not depend on me alone as every member of 

our club is a live wire and any one of them could preside 

very graciously should it fall upon them to do so. 

Of course, as you know, our secretary, Allen W. Williams, 

cannot be excelled in the position which he occupies, 

which, after all, is the important one in our 

organization. 

Others as well as yourself may be interested in 

my early connection with the furnace industry. I 

might say briefly that I have been more or less inter 

Early 

Connection 

zvith Industry 

senior, and I, 

ested in this business for the past 35 

years. I began as a hardware clerk 

at the age of 14 years, at which time 

we would occasionally sell a wood 

furnace. My brother, 5 years my 

installed a steel furnace in our home 

when we were quite young men, using a steel boiler 

for the fire box and made our radiators out of 9-in 

smoke pipe. It worked very satisfactorily so far as 

producing was concerned, but consumed quite a large 

amount of 4-ft. wood which we did not appreciate, as 

it was our job to keep the furnace supplied with fuel 

However, it answered our purpose for a number of 

years, until I became interested in the manufacture 

of furnaces, at which time we replaced the old steel 

boiler furnace with a modern coal-burning furnace, 

which is still serving its purpose in the same residence. 

After several years' experience as clerk I became 

The Plant 

in Huntington, 

Ind. 

President J. M. Trig-g 

ambitious to engage in the manufacturing business 

and an opportunity presented for me to organize and 

take charge of a small furnace foundry located in 

Michigan. 

This business grew to some extent and I found it 

necessary to secure larger quarters where I could manufacture 

to a better advantage and decided on the 

present location in Huntington, Ind., 

where the present plant was erected 

and began operations in 1907. We have 

built up a nice furnace business which 

. .u .u , re P resents ab °ut one-half of our industry, 

the other half being taken up with our Building 

Specialty Department in the manufacture of Majestic 

coal chutes garbage receivers and milk and package 

receivers We have recently perfected and placed on 

deMrfS,1 ° Ur DUP16X h6atin S S ? stem -hlch I am 

lit \l Say I S pr ° vin S a w °nderful success. 

felt tha. ^ PiP if^ fUrnaCe firSt became P°P ular > 

felt that we could have a heating system that would 

idTa P R:if hit W U h ° U t -P.-ngfhe'original pipTe ss 

dea Realizing some of the disadvantages of a floor 

level pipeless register, we designed, perfected and pat-


ented our system, using an upright register to discharge 

the warm air into the room and for taking back 

at each end of the register the cold air from the room. 

We are not only attaching this improvement to our 

own furnaces, but are furnishing our outfits to several 

large firms which are using it in connection with their 

production, and they report to us that they also are 

having success. 

As to the Midland Club, I attended the first meeting 

that was held in the Auditorium Hotel in Chicago, under 

direction of Mr. Jones, who was one 

One of of the original organizers of the Midland 

the First Club. Our company has been a member 

Members of the Club ever since its organization 

and has usually had some one in attendance 

at the meetings. Personally I have obtained 

from this club many desirable ideas. I rarely attended 

a meeting when some idea has not been presented 

that would make the time well spent. 

I prize more highly, however, the acquaintances I 

have made of the manufacturers of warm-air furnaces 

in the Middle West, many of whom I feel are personal 

friends. Had it not been for my association with the 

Midland Club, I never would have had an opportunity 

to make their acquaintance and I realize that a fine 

bunch of men constitute the head of the furnace manufacturers, 

not only in the Middle West but throughout 

the United States. The exchange of ideas and 

different papers and talks that we have been privileged 

to hear have been very beneficial to me as well 

as to other members of the Club. 

Since its organization I do not know of any member 

who has been in any way dissatisfied or withdrawn 

his membership. On the other hand I have noticed 

a steady growth and in every instance the new 

niembers have become as enthusiastic as those who 

have had the privilege of being members for a longer 

time. At our last meeting we had the largest attendance 

of members which we ever had, which shows the 

fine spirit and good interest in the organization and 

the steady growth. 

The outlook for the warm-air furnace industry, I 

feel, shows a very great future. Hardly a modern 

house is planned but there is some kind of a heating 

plant installed in it, and with the lm- 

Our Good provement in installation. And I feel 

Influence there are many ways of bettering the 

on Industry construction of furnaces. The warmair 

furnace industry has acquired a 

much better reputation than it had at the time of the 

organization of our club. This, I feel, is largely due 

to many articles that have been published in METAL 

WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER along the lines 

of better installation work. This is due to the fact 

that the dealers in warm-air furnaces have realized 

that in order to install a plant to give universal results, 

it must be sufficiently large and the cold air 

circulation must be properly taken care of to obtain 

the desired results. I refer more particularly to that 

class of residence that requires a pipe installation. 

In regard to the pipeless furnace I am sure that in 

many instances it is a success where the building is 

properly constructed or planned to be heated in this 

manner. But the dealers who have made a study of 

the proper circulation are being very careful as to 

how they would recommend the installation of a pipe 

less furnace. They are using good judgment in installing 

pipeless furnaces only in such residences or 

buildings in which they can render good results. It 

is not a possible thing to make a pipeless furnace answer 

all different conditions. 

I feel that dealers are guarding against errors that 

might creep in and that they are more careful in their 

guarantee than when the pipeless furnace was first 

introduced. 

Furnace Dealers I was very much interested in the 

More Careful article based on the letter from an 

English heating contractor to METAL 

WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER which was 

read before the meeting and which appeared in the 

issue of July 2. The manufacturer requested information 

pertaining to the successful installation of warmair 

heating in this country and in which he stated 

that the English people had not really accepted the 

warm-air furnace as a residence heater, due to the 

fact that they considered them insanitary and permitted 

dust to circulate through the house. He also 

stated that the English people preferred an open fire 

to a warm-air furnace on account of the dust and dirt. 

My thought in connection with this letter is that, if 

it would be possible for the American people now 

enjoying the comforts of splendidly heated homes by 

means of warm-air furnaces, when the furnaces are 

carefully installed, to tell their experience to English 

home-makers, there would be a great demand for 

proper warm-air heating plants in England. To compare 

an open fire in the matter of cleanliness, which 

we all realize means cold corners of the room and 

only warmth that radiates directly from the fire, with 

a well-planned inside air circulating warm-air system, 

would be decidedly in favor of the warm-air lieating 

system, both as to satisfactory heat and cleanliness. 

To be able to demonstrate the advantages no doubt 

would take some effort and several years of hard 

work to overcome what would seem to me to be a 

prejudice on the part of the English people. 

While I feel that there has been great progress 

made in the perfection of a warm-air heating system, 

yet I am sure we will see more improvement from 

time to time and I am confident that the warm-air 

heating industry in this country will be universally 

used for residence purposes, as well as for ordinarysized 

store rooms, small churches, and buildings of 

suitable character that require a central station heating 

system. It was not my intention to write at such 

length but I feel that many besides yourself will be 

interested in my thoughts on the furnace business. 

In closing, I send you a most hearty invitation to 

visit our city and look over our plant, which is not a 

large one, but which, I feel, is up to date. At the 

first opportunity I shall accept your invitation to call 

upon you. 

If you own your little home, and by economizing 

are able to buy the house next door to rent out, is it 

good sense for you to give the other house to some 

fellow for nothing, when you earned the money by 

hard work—while the other fellow who wants you to 

divide with him, laid off and talked and talked about 

the d robbing capitalist? 

It can't be done. —An American Workman.

78 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTEE July 16. 1920 

Molders Have I ôt Surrendered 

Any Jurisdiction Over Their Trade 

The agreement entered into with the Stove Found There is nothing in the position which the Interers' 

National Defense Association last December, national Molders' Union has taken which is intended 

which provided for the shaking out, trimming of cast to interfere with the rights of any other organization. 

ings and wetting and cutting of the sand without cost On the other hand, it is advisable before any compli 

to the molder, has, saj's the International Molders' 

Journal, established a condition which makes it necessary 

that the Iron Molders' LTnion of North America 

should definitely define its position upon certain 

questions which already have arisen and which may 

arise again in the future. 

When this agreement was entered into, it did not 

include any surrender of the molder's right to shake 

out his work, trim his castings and cut over his sand. 

The agreement does not mean that the 

Provisions Molders' Union surrendered to others 

of Agreement any part of the molder's trade. The 

agreement provides that this work will 

be done for the molder without charge, and it further 

provides that, when laborers cannot be secured 

to do this work, the molder is to do it himself, and for 

this to receive an extra compensation, the amount of 

compensation being provided for by agreement. 

One or two instances have occurred where firms 

were unable to secure shakers out and sand cutters, 

or where those so employed quit work. The condition 

which was created makes it most essential that 

the position of the Iron Molders' Union of North 

America should be clearly and definitely defined. A 

ruling has been made by Acting President Keough, 

which in turn has been endorsed by the Executive 

Board, which provides that: 

The substance and intent of the present agreement 

is that in foundries, members of the Stove Founders' 

National Defense Association, the molder's work will 

be shook out, his castings trimmed and his sand cut, 

and that where for any reason this is not done, the 

molder is to be paid additional compensation as provided 

for in the agreement for doing this work. 

There is in existence an organization of foundry 

laborers. It is natural to expect that men employed 

to shake out and cut sand may become members. 

The Molders' Union has never had any unfriendly 

feeling toward the International Brotherhood of 

Foundry Employes. In more than one instance the 

officers of the Molders' Union have as- 

Feeling sisted the International Brotherhood of 

of Union Foundry Employes in securing an ad- 

Friendly justment of their grievances and they 

intend to maintain this friendly attitude. 

The International Brotherhood of Foundry Employees 

has never claimed jurisdiction over the 

shaking out of work and the cutting over of sand. 

They recognize that this was as much a part of the 

molder's trade as drawing patterns or pouring iron; 

that it had been a part of the molder's trade from the 

very beginning of the foundry industry. 

The action which the acting-president and the executive 

board have just taken is an indication that the 

International Molders' Union is not surrendering any 

of its jurisdiction. 

cations arise, that our membership should be made 

well acquainted with the fact that no part of the 

molders' trade has been waived or surrendered, and 

that when, for any reason, men employed to shake 

out and cut over sand fail to do this work, the molder 

will do work he formerly did as a part of his trade. 

The question may be raised whether this is fair to 

the laborers who have been employed to shake out and 

cut sand and who have quit. In connection with this 

it is necessary to bear this distinction in mind, that 

the molder doing work which he always has done and 

which is a part of his trade, occupies an entirely different 

position from the laborer who, when a strike 

of foundry laborers occurs, acts as a strikebreaker 

and takes the striker's place. 

It is natural to assume that questions will arise 

over the quitting of laborers who have been shaking 

out and cutting sand who are members of the International 

Brotherhood of Foundry Employees, and, 

consistent with its lifelong policy, the International 

policy, the International Molders' Union 

Questions will endeavor to adjust these questions 

Certain to upon their merit, and with evenhanded 

Come Up justice to everyone concerned. When such 

questions arise, however, they cannot be 

settled or passed upon by the members of the organization 

locally, except in conformity with the laws, 

agreements and policies of the I. M. U. of N. A. The 

principles involved and the method of applying them 

can only be determined by conventions of the International 

Molders' Union or by negotiations between 

the officers of the International Molders' Union and 

any other organization which has an interest. 

The action of the executive board, whicli has just 

been referred to, is the present policy affecting membership 

and they will undoubtedly be guided accordingly. 

Reads Because of Benefit 

The following extracts are from a letter received 

for H. G. Felser, Harrisburg. Pa. 

Enclosed you will find money order for renewal of my 

subscription for the coming year. I wish to thank METAL 

WORKER, PICMUER AND STEAM FITTER for the valuable 

advice, information and special article which I have found 

in this valuable magazine for the past two years. I am 

connected with a first class sheet metal establishment and 

have need for aid. 

I find lots of information in vour paper and have been 

greatly indebted to it for the' information on pattern 

cutting and designing. I have a number of pattern cutting 

books, but the best of them all is the new METAL WORKEE 

Pattern Book of which there is none better. I am always 

looking for something new and am agreeably surprised 

frequently by something which I can turn to profitable 

account. 

Please put lots of good things into the paper for the 

coming year.—


This is the ..lace to submit your per 


plexing problems---the Place to 




SERVKErlSXKATIS 

FROM JERSEYMAN.—Kindly advise me what to do 

with a horizontal exposed line of 2-in. extra heavy 

cast iron pipe suspended from a ceiling 

Trouble in a cellar that is used as a drain for ice 

with Pipes boxes, soda-water fountains, etc. This 

Sweating drain pipe sweats water so freely and in 

quantities that it may become impossible 

to use the cellar. This drain has several connections 

and is about 40 ft. long. 

FROM A. E. D., CHICAGO.—I am glad to reply to 

"W. H. F." whose inquiry appeared in the issue of 

May 4 that humidity will not cause rust of heater or 

heater pipes. I installed a circular, 

Will Humid- not round, automatically fed evaporat- 

Hy Cause ing pan around the outer chamber of 

Rust? the radiator of my furnace about 7 

years ago. During the winter weather 

it evaporated from 5 to 15 gal. of water per day and 

there is no sign of the rusting of the pipes, which are 

made of IX coke tin. 

FROM C. S., BROOKLYN—Having read the inquiry 

of "W. H." in the issue of July 9, I am glad to come 

to the aid of a fellow citizen, so to speak. I have 

had experience in furnace work pretty well around 

the country and believe in installing things large 

enough, so I enclose a plan showing 

How Should 

Furnace Job be 

Rearranged? 

how I would do the work. I assume 

from the plan "W. H." submits 

that the house is one of a row 

and wind can blow right through 

between two houses and create all kinds of air currents 

so as to draw the air out of the cold air supply 

or blow it in as the case may be. Consequently 

return air ducts from the inside of the building would 

be better than the outside air supply. I indicate 

on my plan where I would locate the furnace and how 

I would pipe it. It is better to put a separate pipe 

to the dining room and to the kitchen. I would use 

a 12 in. pipe to the parlor, as it is on the west and 

has the coldest exposure. I assume that the north 

wall also is cold. This will insure that room being 

warm. I would run a 9-in. pipe to the hall so as to 

be sure of getting it warm enough, a 10-in. pipe to 

the dining room; a 10-in. pipe to the stock that heats 

the rooms on the upper floor and would not enlarge 

this pipe as is suggested. A furnace with a 24-in. 

grate is large enough to carry this number of pipes, 

particularly when a return air supply is being used. 

Then I would take a 9-in pipe from a 10 x 12-in 

register in the kitchen and run it along on the ceiling 

until it was near the dining room return air register, 

which I would put in the corner and run a 10-in. pipe 

so that the two would connect into a 10 x 16-in. 

duct on the'eellar ceiling and run it on to the furnace. 

From the front of the house I would take a 14-in. 

return air pipe from a register near the entrance 

door and inside of the parlor I would take a 12-in. 

pipe from a register near the hall door and connect 

the two into a 10 x 30 in. return air duct running it 

to the furnace. In this way there would be as good 

a circulation of air through the house as could be 

• expected and the cold air would be taken away at 

points where it would be likely to accumulate, and 

_ . /


The Editorial Page 

Have You Stock on Hand? 

N O immediate relief from the present car shortage 

can be promised. This statement is from the 

Commission on Car Service of the American Rail 

road Association or the Car Service Bureau of the 

Interstate Commerce Commission. These two bodies 

have entire authority over the disposition of all classes 

of rolling stock. 

It has been pointed out that there is a million tons 

of manufactured iron and steel material in the Pitts 

burgh district waiting distribution; also that there is 

a possibility of shutting down production- at a time 

when it is most needed because of the accumulation 

which has clogged the storage facilities with no cost 

to move it. Now the pertinent question for every 

business man to ask himself is: "Have I enough of all 

the various stock that I require to carry on the fall 

business, and if not, is it possible for me to get this 

stock in hand in time to meet the requirements?" 

NECESSARY TO LOOK INTO THE FUTURE 

In many instances the smaller tradesmen are not 

apt to take tlieir mind off the urgent work that they 

are doing to look into the future, but it will be essen 

tial that they shall or they will lose profits and busi 

ness this fall. In a recent letter a man stated that 

he had ordered the materials for a plumbing job on 

May 12 and the last of them had arrived on July 1, 

through the substitution of some things for others that 

he would have preferred to use. This is an indication 

that those who have not ordered their stoves, fur 

naces, boilers, radiators, bathtubs, earthenware, sheet 

metal, and such things as they will need in other small 

er specialty lines, will face a strong probability of 

being unable to get them, whether or not manufactur 

ers have them in stock. The reason is that the rail 

roads are not in a position to render anything like 

before-the-war service or the service necessary to take 

care of the needs of the people. 

People who must'travel on the street cars in New 

York are threatened with the privilege of walking 

because of the possibility that there may not be suffi 

cient coal to keep the power stations running. This 

coal will be coming into New York along with the 

things to eat whether or not the people in our field 

get the things they want. 

STOCKS WILL NOT REDUCE IN VALUE 

There is nothing in the present indications to lead 

to the assumption that stock in warehouses or that 

whicli a tradesman may purchase will reduce in value 

so that he may suffer a loss. There is no question 

but that the present high prices will sometime recede, 

but very positive assertion is made by men capable of 

judging that it will not be this year or improbably 

next year. 

The facts in the situation which seem to give weight 

and strength to this position are that there is no ac 

cumulation of boilers, radiators, bathtubs, water clos 

ets, sheet iron or tin plate, in the warehouses except 

in the congested district where they are produced and 

that only in the Pittsburgh district in reference to iron 

and steel broadly. In the other lines not produced to 

any considerable extent in the Pittsburgh district, 

warehouses are not feeling the burden of the output 

of the plants. Consequently nobody in the manufac 

turing line is likely to be caught with such a prepon 

derance of stock on their hands when the new year 

opens as will induce them to reduce their prices. 

Then another thing which will not warrant any con 

siderable recession in prices is that the materials from 

which the goods are made are all very much higher 

in price than they were earlier in the year. Wages 

are higher and materials are higher. Consequentlv 

what goes into the warehouse costs more. Overhead 

is another element of cost. Very few plants are run 

ning full, but the overhead expense continues very 

much as if the plant were running 100 per cent. This 

overhead expense must be spread over a smaller pro 

duction which has the effect of further increasing the 

cost. With these conditions those who look for a re 

cession in the prices of goods used in our field are not 

likelv to receive much encouragement when the need 

for the goods becomes imperative. 

PREPARE TO SERVE CUSTOMERS 

Under the circumstances that have been outlined 

above there is every reason for any progressive busi 

ness man who is anxious to serve his customers to 

spare no effort to get the necessary supplies, to plan 

his work so that the small staff which he can secure 

will be most effective in disposing of it and give that 

treatment, instruction, advice and encouragement to 

those who are laboring for him that will keep up a 

good feeling and the highest production so that the 

greatest number of customers can be taken care of. 

This may be something more of a strain on the 

American business man than he was called upon to 

undergo in former years. However, it is simply the 

cult.vatmn of the practices which underlie the work


of all who have won a generous measure of success. 

He must give more thought to his business to make a 

good estimate of everything he will require, from 

screws and washers to tons of material of _ different 

nature. He must arrange to balance his stock so that 

it will work out even, clean and profitably. 

This is no time for a man to look upon business as 

a pastime. It is one of very great burden and active 

responsibility and only those who have plenty of courage, 

plenty of endurance and plenty of ambition to 

work, and work hard, may justly claim a right to 

enjoy the reward of their activities. There is no 

question but what the manufacturers are sending their 

salesmen out with that character of information to 

which the true business man will be sure to give consideration, 

and, if he does, he will derive from it many 

INASMUCH as workmen's compensation was a new 

department of the law, and for the first few years 

would be in the making, I have made it a point 

to keep in touch with the decisions of the various 

States in order to see how far the law would go in 

executing the most excellent idea which lies at the 

bottom of workmen's compensation, viz.: that where 

a man is injured or killed in the course of his employment, 

keeping him and his family from starving to 

death ought to be considered a public duty and figured 

in the cost of doing business, which is borne bv 

the public in the mass. 

Probably every reader of this article is subject to 

the workmen's compensation law of his State, and he 

will therefore be interested in the report of some recently 

decided cases. These cases show that the law 

has widely departed from the original idea of workmen's 

compensation, which was that a man who caught 

his hand in a machine on which he was working, or 

was hurt by the explosion of chemicals which he was 

handling—in other words, where he was the victim 

of some accident growing directly out of his work, he 

should be compensated by workmen's compensation 

insurance. Read the few sample cases which I report 

and see what a difference there is between the 

original principle of compensation and the one enforced 

now. 

It is remarkable how close the States are in workmen's 

compensation cases. Recognizing that they 

represent, as I have said, a new phase of the law, 

they have evidently felt the need of deciding their 

cases along the same line. Therefore the following 

cases practically represent the general law: 

CASE NO. 1—In this case an employer had a man who 

delivered goods. While at his regular work he had an 

epileptic fit—he was subject to them—fell to the ground 

and fractured his skill so that he died. His employer contended 

that he was not responsible for compensation insur- 

• Copyright Elton J. Buckley. 

useful hints as to the course he should pursue. 

The business man should stock in now while the 

products of the various plants can be shipped and get 

it on the railroad so that even though there is a delay 

in transportation and a dearth of transportation facilities, 

it will at least be on the way and will reach 

its destination at a time when it can be u°ed to advantage. 

If the man wants profit, he must have the 

materials to serve his customers. If he has them he 

can without hesitation ask a fair price and select those 

who will pay their bills to keep liis men employed. 

The time to act is now, whether it be to determine 

the stock needed, to order the stock or to canvass for 

necessary business so as to know the materials that 

will be required and get the orders in for them. Never 

was delay more dangerous to the business man than 

at the present time. 

More Oddities 

of Workmen's Compensation Law 


ance, because epilepsy was not an accident, but a disease. 

The court, however, held that the driver was entitled to 

compensation. 

CASE NO. 2—In this case another delivery man, while 

out on his route, was overtaken by a storm, from which 

he sought shelter While there he was killed by a lightning 

stroke. The court gave him insurance. 

CASE NO. 3—A man employed about a wholesale house 

lifted some heavy stuff one day, this being his regular work, 

and strained himself. Some time afterward he died of an 

abscess on the back. This case was fought hard, but the 

court finally held that the abscess might have come from 

the strain and allowed insurance. 

CASE NO. 4—Two employees of the defendant concern 

got to fighting one day and one was seriously injured. The 

fight grew out of an order which the injured man had properly 

given his assailant, and which the latter resented. One 

finds it hard to see where the employer was in any sense 

responsible for this, but the court, nevertheless, held that 

he was and made him pay the injured employee compensation. 

CASE NO. 5—In this case also a driver figured. The delivery 

wagon was horse driven, and one day while the 

driver was standing over the horse, the animal threw up 

his head and struck him in the face. It appears that at 

this time the driver was suffering with syphilis, which he 

claimed was made worse by the blow. Eventually syphilis 

destroyed one of his eyes. The court took this view and 

made the employer pay. 

CASE NO. 6—A manufacturer of proprietary goods employed 

a demonstrator to show goods in a department store. 

While proceeding to her place she tripped over a torn rug 

and fell heavily, doing herself considerable damage. At first 

the referee said this accident did not arise out of the employment, 

but the court reversed him and made her employer 

pay her $7.50 a week as long as her disability lasted. 

CASE NO. 7—Two competitors did business in very friendly 

relations in the same town. One day one of them was short 

a man and borrowed one from the other. While doing the 

work for which he was loaned, on the borrower's premises, 

the employee was overcome by gas and killed. At first 

glance it would appear as if the dead man's regular employer 

should certainly not be held responsible for this, 

since the accident didn't even happen on his premises. 

Nevertheless, the court said he must pay $10 a week for 

500 weeks. 

(Continued on page 91)


News of the 

TRADE ASSOCIATIONS 

Work National Trade Extension Bureau 

Men WiU Be Put on the Road For Personal Aid of Plumbing 

and Heating Contractor 

An interesting development of the work of the National 

Trade Extension Bureau will be the appearance 

of T. E. B. road men who will personally visit the 

plumbing and lieating contractors throughout the 

country. 

These T. E. B. field men will first be chosen from 

among the men available who have the necessary knowledge 

of the plumbing and lieating trade in a general 

way. They will be carefullv instructed upon every 

branch of the plumbing and lieating contractors' problems 

along lines of thought followed by the bureau. 

These road men will thus become competent business 

advisors for the plumbing and heating contractor on 

almost any possible problem that the contractor might 

be bothered with. They will be thoroughly posted upon 

T. E. B. methods of estimating, contracting, selling, 

and accounting. They will travel constantlv over the 

territory assigned them and personallv bring to the 

local contractor knowledge of T. E. B. advantages. 

By personally visiting the plumbing and heating 

contractor from time to time, these T. E. B. field men 

will be able to give the contractor the exact detailed 

methods of sound business management, which will 

completely and safely solve his problems for him. 

This exactness of mutual understanding is, of course, 

frequently impossible at long range. 

It will be the duty of these T. E. B. men to meet 

with, and visit the meetings of, local associations of 

contractors. At these meetings it will be their duty to 

make interesting talks on various phases of T E B 

methods and work, with the idea of these talks being 

followed by a general and detailed discussion of the 

points brought out. 

It will also be the duty of these T. E. B. field men 

to collect and send into headquarters detailed information 

of any new ideas or methods that they find working 

practically and successfully. 

These T. E. B. men will be put out on the road 

covering various territories, just as fast as the proper 

men can be found and employed. This is a proposition 

that is of absolute first interest to every element 

in the industry. You are, therefore, invited to read 

the following summary of conditions, etc. If vou know 

of any man or men who would satisfactorily 'fulfill the 

conditions and needs of this employment with the 

National Trade Extension Bureau, you will be doinsr 

service to the trade at large by seeing that they are 

put in mutual touch. 

In the immediate future this bureau will emplov 

men to represent T. E. B. in the various territories 

throughout the United States. 

At this particular time we are seeking recommendations 

from the trade direct for the names of men who 

can qualify for such positions. If vou know of any 

one whom you feel would make a good representative, 

kindly advise the bureau by an early mail. 

We must have men who are reasonably familiar 

with the plumbing and heating business, men who can 

assist the plumbing and heating contractor in his business 

affairs and advise him on the many complex problems 

that normally arise in the plumbing and lieating 

business. We must have men who, with a short training, 

will be competent to teach the plumbing and heating 

contractor T. E. B. system of estimating, accounting 

and selling. 

These men must be able to give illustrated talks 

at association meetings, and must be in a position to 

spend a greater part of their time away from home. 

For the present, they will be required to cover from 

three to five States, but this territory will gradually 

diminish as more men are added to the field force. All 

applications must be accompanied with the following 

information: 

1. Give tlu- names of at least seven contractors locate 

in different cities to whom we can refer as to the ability 

of the applicant. 

2. Give the names of at least three supply houses who 

are intimately acquainted with the applicant. 

3. State the number of years associated with the plumbing 

and heating business. 

4-. State the nature of such affiliation. 

5. State experience in making public talks. 

6. State experience in accounting. 

~. State experience in selling. 

8. State age. 

9. Married or single. 

10. Home address. 

11. Salary desired. 

\-2. Present occupation. 

The function of these field men will be to thoroughly 

study and master all of the educational work 

conducted by the Trade Extension Bureau, and to 

make personal calls on all plumbing and heating contractors 

in their territory in order to explain to the 

trade any part of the Trade Extension work that the 

contractor does not thoroughly understand. 

At regular intervals they will be required to give 

illustrated talks at headquarters of all local associa- 

>ns in their territory. All applications must be in 

August to be considered. 

Who is the best man you know to fill this place? 

Your advice will be appreciated. 

American Society of Sanitary Engineers' 

Headquarters 

In order to make proper arrangements for the meet- 

m l°l -n _ De _ 1C , a i 1 S ° Ciety 0f Sa tary Engineering, 

which will be he d in St. Louis, on September 7, 8 

Stephen A. Gilmore as chariman of the arrangement 

committee. 

s ^ < ~" 1 ' 

Mr. Gilmore has already announced that arrangements 

have been made to hold the meeting on the top 

floor of the American Annex Hotel, on the southeast 

corner of Sixth and Market Streets, St. Louis. Those 

Mm m / e "V°M b \ PreSent at this meeting can address 

him at 215 North Tenth Street, St. Louis, Mo to 

make any arrangements for them that they may desire


whether it be the reservation of rooms by those who 

come to attend the meeting or some other preparations 

and arrangements for those who intend to display different 

kinds of plumbing fixtures or make other displays 

at the meeting. 

CHICAGO STEAM FITTERS' OUTING 

Egg and Spoon Race Won by Mrs. N. P. Nul ler. 

J. P. Dugger and F. Casey and Glennon. Jim Doherty Still 

W. Lamb — Um- The Water Boys — Hitting Homers 

pires Who Decid- at 65. L. R. Tayed 

Correctly. lor, Baseball or 

Golf, All the 

Same. 

Master Plumbers National Administration 

in Action 

New Headquarters in Philadelphia Directs Attention 

of Members to Trade Extension Movement 

The biennial agreement with the manufacturers of 

the sanitary branch expires Nov. 1. Resolutions 

adopted at the Atlantic City convention will be discussed 

at a joint conference with the committees of 

tlie Brotherhood and the Sanitary Potters' Association 

some time in September. 

The workers received an average increase of 15 per 

cent, two years ago and an additional 10 per cent. 

since. Further advances are expected to be granted. 

The Telephone Directory Committee reported that 

it was unable to obtain a conference with any of the 

To Master Plumbers, Members of the National Association. representatives of the various directories. 

GREETINGS: We are now entered upon the active administration 

of your affairs, having opened the National office 

at 108 South Twentieth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. This office 

is in charge of John F. Whitaker, executive clerk, and all 

future communications should be sent to this address. Within 

a short time the names of directors and members of 

standing committees will be announced through the columns 

of the trade press. 

It is our intention to make an energetic effort during this 

term for a substantial increase in members and we invite 

your co-operation in making this a decided success. We 

recommend to your attention the Trade Extension movement. 

The convention has given this work its heartiest approval. 

It is a valuable asset to the contractor and we must 

use it ourselves and bring it to the attention of the nonmembers. 

W'e will from time to time advise you of the work of the 

N'ational Association from this office and we ask that you cooperate 

with us in building a bigger association. 

Fraternally, 

D. F. DURKIN, JR., 

President. 

National Brotherhood of Operative 

Potters Meet 

Resolutions Adopted at Thirtieth Annnal Convention 

Held in Atlantic City to Be Discussed 

in September 

The thirtieth annual convention of the National 

Brotherhood of Operative Potters has closed in Atlantic 

City, where approximately 100 propositions were 

heard, including requests for advances in prices from 

25 to 50 per cent. 

Sheet Metal Contractors' Association 

of Milwaukee 

Outing of Association Arranged to Be Held at Nequon, 

i •"• | on the Second Wednesday in August 

The July meeting of the Association of Master 

Sheet Metal Contractors of Milwaukee was presided 

over by Vice-President John Graf, as President Hoffman 

was making an automobile tour to the Atlantic 

Coast. 

The minutes were read and approved, and the register 

showed 21 members in attendance. A communication 

from the national secretary on the Trade Development 

Committee, also a monthly report of the 

Xational Association were read. 

John Bogenberger of the License Committee made 

an exhaustive report regarding the meeting with the 

Council Committee and the Council Committee being 

unable to arrive at a final decision, it was again laid 

over to the next meeting which will be held the first 

Wednesday in September. 

William Hamman of the Picnic Committee reported 

that the grounds for the annual outing could be had 

at any time agreed upon by the association. 

On motion made by John Bogenberger and seconded 

by William Hamman, it was voted that the outing 

be held at the usual place in Mequon on August 11, 

1920, the second Wednesday in August. 

Henry Bartelt made-an excellent report on the Peoria 

convention. Some very interesting subjects were 

brought up by him to the association and from his report 

the national convention must have been a great 

success. 

Protection for Sheet Metal Contractors 

Suggested 

Roofers' and Sheet Metal Business Men's Club Inc., 

Issue Helpful Bulletin. 

Loyalty to associations would be more gratifying 

if a larger number of officials followed the course of 

President M. F. Westergren of the Roofers' and Sheet 

Metal Business Men's Club, Inc., 47 West Fortysecond 

Street, New York City. He reads METAL 

WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER and in a bulletin 

to the members, under date of July 13, the following 

appears:


DEAR SIRS: 

Two articles of great significance appear in the July 9 

issue of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM FITTER: 

Page 39—Provisions to Protect Building Contractors. 

Page 43—What the Words "In Full to Date" on a Check 

Amount To. 

Both items contain valuable information. Don't isnore 

them. 

With reference to the item on Page 39, don't you think 

it would be well that a sub-contractor's standard contract 

form be adopted based on the changed conditions that now 

prevail? The offices of the Club are cheerfully offered for 

the instigation and the consummation of such a purpose. 

Your views on this matter are earnestly solicited, whether 

you are a member or not. Your help toward effecting this 

move will be gladly accepted. 

New England Golf Meet 

Close Competition at Wannamoisett Country Club 

at July Gathering 

So close was the competition in the New England 

Metal Products Golf Association meeting for July at 

the Wannamoisett Country Club that ties resulted for 

second position in both morning and afternoon tournaments. 

As a result of these ties, the prizes went to 

the winners of the play-offs, but W. G. Eddy presented 

the losers each with half a dozen golf balls. 

J. A. Gammons was the winner of the morning 

events with a net of 82. Mr. Gammons played without 

a handicap and his approaches were watched with 

interest by other players. E. O. Chase was the winner 

of the afternoon matches with a net of 84 and a 

handicap of 14. Mr. Gammons made the round in 

the afternoon with another 82, but as he had captured 

first morning prize he waived honors to the afternoon 

trophy. 

Following are the scores: 

MORNING 

net 

*__. O. Chase 104- - 14 _= 90 

S. C. Cutter 109- -15= 94 

H. L. Doten 

W. J. Eddy 

*J. A. Gammons.... 82-- 

0= S2 

- llj = 90 

R. Greenlaw 106 - 

-IS = 85 

W. A. Griffiths ... 103 

-24 =100 

W. F. Hubbard .. 124 -- 

3 = 83 

tW. H. Hunter.... S0- 

J. L. Kenyon .... 

AFTERNOON 

net 

98 — 14= 84 

115 — 15=100 

110 — 12=104 

128 — 24=104 

82 — 0 = 82 

107 — 16= 91 

105 — 18= S~ 

128 — 24 =104 

97— 3= 94 

92 — 3 = 89 

s 

H. D. Nickerson.. 

TC. A. Pastene 

S. B. Reed 

R. E. Sargent .... 

L. W. Smith 

W. F. Stearns ... 

W. H. Thayer ... 

H. W. Thorndike. 

W. M. Trafton .. 

* Prize winners. 

108 — 14 = 94 

97 — 14== 83 

104 — 14= 90 

102 — 12 = 90 

121 — 14 —107 

109 — 18= 91 

98 — 6 = 92 

121 — 24= 97 

No card 

t Winners of tie for second prize. 

109 — 14 = 95 

No card 

No card 

104 —12 = 92 

No card 

*105 —18 = 87 

104— 6= 98 

136 — 24=112 

130 — 24 =106 

Southern Stove Manufacturers Plan 

Meeting in Cleveland 

Quarterly Gathering First to Be Held Above 

the Mason and Dixon Line 

The regular quarterly meeting of the Southern Association 

will be held Aug. 30 to Sept. 1 in Cleveland, 

Ohio, as a result of the invitation from S. H. Jacobs, 

vice-president of the Fanner Mfg. Co., Cleveland, 

Ohio. 

This is the first time that a quarterly meeting has 

been held north of the Mason and Dixon line. 

For Further Service 

To continue the service to our readers that has 

brought gratifying recognition that it is appreciated 

as widely helpful, an acquisition to our staff is presented 

in H. A. Call, who will be the associate editor. 

Mr. Call comes from the ranks of practical tradesmen, 

having handled the tools in the plumbing and 

steam fitting trades and successfully conducted a business, 

but has entered the journalistic field with a view 

to giving his talent a wider usefulness. His experience 

included management of the equipment of some large 

government undertakings during the war. 

His training and experience will now be devoted to 

the fields in which our record has been one of benefit 

to many leaders in tiie various trades. His activities 

come at a time when plans for a special service to 

aid in the development to merchandising and selling 

talent among men of splendid other qualifications have 

been completed and will soon be put into execution 

with his aid. 

WHO WAS WHO AT THE NATIONALASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL CONTRACTORS' CONVENTION 

Comm.ttee Chairmen and Officers- PEORIA, ILL., JUNE 8-11 

Julius Gerock, E L Seabrook. A. John Bogenberger telling John Millen Louis Hoff Pres . ident . and Secretary P.nji. State 

P Lamneck, Paul Brandstedt, P. man and Henrv Bartelt about Peoria Association. H. T. Bantham, Wilkes 

jonnso.i. earre; \\ . _. Angermever, Pittsburgh.





JAMES H. MCGAW of the Philadelphia branch of the 

Richardson & Boynton Co., New York City, is on a 

vacation and in his itinerary made a stop in New 

York with a visit to our office. He naturally spoke 

of some fine furnace work in the vicinity of Philadelphia 

in which the Perfect furnaces are being 

used. 

J. J. COSGROVE is making a trip among the houses 

handling plumbing supplies that will include those 

across New York State, along the lakes to Chicago 

and to St. Louis and return by the Southern route in 

the interest of the new flexible flange for connecting 

the new shortened outlet horn water closet with the 

house drains. It is made by the Cosgrove-Cosgrove 

Mfg. Co., Rutherford, N. J., and was shown on 

Page 20 of the issue of July 2. 

R. PERCIVAL SMITH, of David Colville & Sons Co., 

well-known steel manufacturer of Scotland, is now 

in the United States. 

SHEET METAL INDUSTRY 

THE MODERN SHEET METAL & WELDING WORKS, 

1934 Pasadena Avenue, Los Angeles, have been organized 

to manufacture sheet metal, iron and other 

products. H. V, Payne, 2726 Mozart Street, heads 

the company. 

JONES BROS., 198-200 Povilar Avenue, Memphis, 

Tenn., for many years active in sheet metal trade, 

are giving special attention these days to blow-pipe 

work for cotton gins, stave mills, etc. 

A. W. BURDICK CO., 105 South Second Street, Memphis, 

Tenn., is an old-established firm at same location 

but with more life than ever in 1920 on sheet 

metal, roofing and furnace heating, having numerous 

contracts in hand. 

W. L. EICHBERG, located at 189 Jefferson Avenue, 

Memphis, was established in 1824 and is almost 

as old as the city as a firm. It is the old Eichberg & 

Lang firm. Skylight, blow-pipe work, furnace heating 

is its line. 

LEFLAR & CULLEY, doing sheet metal, tin and radiator 

work, are now located at 396-398 Monroe Avenue, 

Memphis, Tenn. 

TARR & Co., 157 North Third Street, Memphis, Tenn., 

in addition to sheet metal activities in general, is 

specializing on radiator and fender work. Mr. 

Tarr is a fine draughtsman. 

FRANK B. CLAYTON'S SONS, 1227 North Eleventh 

Street, Philadelphia, sheet metal works, have filed 

plans for a one-story addition. 

THOSE WHO WORK IN HEAVY PLATE or plates of any 

grade from the thinnest rolled to 1 in. in thickness 

will be interested in the Quickwork rotary shears 

made by the Quickwork Co., St. Mary's, Ohio. Catalog 

No. 60 is devoted particularly to the heavier 

shears and shows the various indicator devices as 

well as the disc shearing blades in their place of 

operation to cut heavy sheets so as to leave a finished 

edge. In addition to the halftone engravings 

showing the machines, the text describing in detail 

just how they are constructed to accomplish their 

work, there are letters from a number of shipbuilding 

concerns and similar workers of heavy plate 

bearing testimony of the splendid service from the 

Quickwork shears, whether cutting to a tangent or 

to a straight line. This is only one line of the sheet 

metal working machines made by the concern and 

whether a man is engaged in cornice and skylight 

work or some other branch of sheet metal production, 

he can lay his needs before the company and 

have in return full particulars about the machines 

they make adapted for the service. 

THE AEROIL BURNER Co., INC., 400 Main Street, 

Union Hill. N. J., is distributing through the sheet 

metal trade literature showing a furnace for use 

under deep slag kettles whether for roofing, road 

building or any other place where asphalt and similar 

materials must be supplied for the work in 

hand. The outfit burns kerosene oil. makes an intense 

heat, is said to be proof against fire, and can 

be furnished in a variety of styles wliich are shown 

by means of halftone engravings on the literature 

distributed by the company. 

WICKWIRE-SPENCER STEEL CORP., Worcester, Mass., 

and 120 Broadway, New York City, announces the 

production of glazed white enameled "Natwire" 

bathroom fixtures such as door hooks, tumbler, soap 

and tooth brush holders and towel bars, at popular 

prices. These fixtures are made of drawn steel wire 

and the enamel is guaranteed not to chip or discolor. 

Inquiries from the trade are invited. 

Record Wages for Sheet Mill Workers 

For the Julv-August period, sheet mill workers will 

receive an advance of 21 per cent, in wages over the 

rate paid in May and June, following the bi-monthly 

examination of sales sheets. The settlement, at the 

meeting of representatives of mills and men in Youngstown, 

Ohio, established a wage rate 108 per cent. 

above the base, the highest in the history of the industry. 

The examination disclosed an average invoiced 

advance in selling price on Nos. 26, 27 and 28gage 

black sheets shipped during the preceding 60 

days of 70 cents over the price of two months ago. 

Wages advance \ x /2 per cent, for each five cents per 

100 pounds. The increase in selling price above the 

base of average selling price of a box of 100 pounds 

of coke tin plate prime sheets was $7.40, the same 

as at the last bi-monthly settlement, but under the new 

wage agreement tin mill workers were advanced 9% 

per cent, on the basis effective from July 1. Under 

this rate they will be paid 87% per cent, above the 

base of $3.50.

86 METAL WORKER PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 16, 1920 

Good Work For T. E. B. 

There are few more progressive business concerns 

than the Barrett Hardware Co., of Joliet, Illinois, 

which, in addition to being jobbers and retailers of 

shelf and heavy hardware, factory and mill supplies, 

also handles stoves, and contracts for tinning and 

sheet metal work, steam and hot water and furnace 

work. 

In reply to a letter, F. M. Bray, of that concern, 

under date of July 7. had a work to say about the 

Trrade Extension Bureau, that states: 

Answering your kind favor of June 28, would say that 

neither lack of inclination nor fear of heat prostration kept 

me from inflicting on you my gems of thought, but rather 

the fact that with the same organization which thought it 

was busy two years ago, we are now handling a volume of 

sales of 50 per cent, greater, and as you know, with the 

present difficulties of securing supplies, this does not furnish 

much time for other occupation. 

We are certainly wise to the Trade Extension Bureau, 

and carefully read its literature, in fact, we subscribed for 

and received two copies of the Bulletin, one for filing and 

the other for clipping, as a convenience in preparing ads. 

Perhaps later in the year may have time to think of somethins 

when you will hear from me. 

FURNACE AND STOVE TRADE 

THE WEIR STOVE CO., Taunton, Mass will erect a onestory, 

35 x 115 ft., brick foundry and a three-story 

addition, 70 x 100 ft., to its plant. 

THE A. J. LINDERMANN & HOVERSON Co., Milwaukee, 

manufacturers of stoves and ranges, will build a 

one-story addition, 60 x 82 ft., costing $35,000. with 

new equipment. The work is in charge of Klug & 

Smith, consulting engineers, Mack Block. 

THE HOMER FURNACE CO., Coldwater. Mich., has 

been compelled to curtail operations, owing to lack 

of transportation facilities. The plant is operating 

only three days a week, and the warehouses are 

tilled with furnaces awaiting shipment. 

O. H. HENDRICKS, formerly connected with Hendricks 

& Weatherall, has retired from that connection 

and started a business of his own at 1466 Lamar 

Avenue, Memphis, Tenn. He will specialize in 

warm-air furnace work. 

C. WESSENDORF CO., 195 Washington Avenue, Memphis, 

Tenn., prominent in furnace heating trade, 

galvanized iron, copper and skylight work veterans 

in the Southern trade, reports rapid return to normal 

conditions and summer contracts at Memphis 

developing nicely. 

PORCELLA i.s the name given to the finish which the 

Magee Furnace Co., Boston, Mass., has given to 

the Magee line of ranges, whether for coal or combination 

coal and gas. In reference to it the company 

states that Por-Cel-a is a finish that is the 

result of fusing at a high temperature a vitreous 

composition in combination with the iron so that it 

becomes practically a solid mass, Por-Cel-a being 

the outside surface of the casting. It is as smooth 

and as hard as the iron itself and a very fine lustrous 

finish. The stove part can be wiped off with 

a damp cloth and yet it means no rust, no stove 

blacking to soil the hands and no drudgery. Por- 

Cel-a finish is in a pearl-gray, and a circular has 

been issued specially devoted to this subject. 

"WHAT CAN'T BE CURED, MUST BE ENDURED," is the 

title of the colored pictures on the July calendar 

issued by the Modern Way Furnace Co., Fort 

Wayne, Ind. The illustration shows tliree small 

children togged out as warriors, and one of them 

is having his injured hand bandaged while he gives 

vent to his pain in tears. Inside the folder the 

trade is advised to buy furnaces now so that when 

the demand comes there will be no shortage of 

stock, loss of orders, delayed shipments and increased 

prices. 

HANDY ANDY TAKES THE OPPORTUNITY to say in the 

July number of the Furnace Installation, issued by 

F. Meyer Bro., Peoria, 111., that it was "some convention," 

referring to the convention of the National 

Association of Sheet Metal Contractors, held 

in Peoria in June. It is not strange that this publication 

in which George Harms is interested could 

devote a whole page to saying it was some convention 

and those who are most positive about it are 

those who attended it. A two-page spread, however, 

in red, white and blue, calls attention to detail 

of the Handy pipe and, if you haven't seen it, 

you know where to get a copy and get next for 

yourself. 

New Furnace and Fitting Catalog 

NEW Furnace and Fittings Catalog—12 Bod B 

When the Standard Furnace & Supply Co., 407- 

413 South Tenth Street, Omaha, Neb., arranges with 

a furnace heating contractor to take up its line of 

heating supplies and specialities, it furnishes him 

with drawings or sketches for installation work as 

well as a variety of furnaces from which a selection 

can be made to serve his customer's need. The catalog 

issued for 1920 consists of 52 pages and opens 

with the Handy furnace pipe fittings with which the 

installation for heating any residence can be selected. 

It shows the galvanized sheet iron work for smoke 

pipes, for cold air supply with boot and then baseboard 

side wall registers and the duplex heating outfit 

for furnace heating. Then comes adjustable ventilating 

registers, heat regulators, tools, paste, cement, 

insulating materials, dampers, damper clips, kitchen 

cabinets, the majestic coal chute and garbage receptacles. 

Then there is a price list of all the various 

goods. The warm-air furnaces shown are of cast-iron 

type with two-section firepot, large combustion chamber 

discharging into an annular radiator pipe, then 

he Peerless Gravity pipeless warm-air furnaces and 

the \. e.r furnace, brick set, for heating large buildnigs 

and with galvanized casing for the ordinary 

home. The Weir wood furnace is also shown 

Catalog E is devoted entirely to the different variety 

of warm-air furnaces which the company can 

furnish with useful information on designing, installing 

and laying out systems of the pipeless, pipe and 

hree-register type of heating system, to insure the 

heating of the house. A heating information blank is 

furnished on which a lot of questions are asked for 

drawing the plans of the building. 

A special circular is devoted to the Peerless gravity 

furnace, installed as a pipeless heater. *



THE LAIB Co., jobbers of plumbers supplies, are 

pushing the Allen Instantaneous water cooler in a 

big advertising campaign. A large number of the 

coolers are being installed. 

H. O. WIELAND, W. E. Crutcher and J. C. Darnall 

are the incorporators of the Perfect Steam Sterilizer 

Co., Louisville, organized with a capital stock 

of $300,000. The new company will manufacture 

sterilizers for hospitals, dental offices, barber shops, 

restaurants and homes. Parts will not be made in 

Louisville at the present time, and only an assembling 

plant will be located here, but the corporation 

plans to build a factory in Louisville later. 

IN THE LINE OF PLUMBING SUPPLIES and auxiliary 

to their other interests the Cahill Iron Co. has been 

organized at Chattanooga, Tenn., and on a tenacre 

site will erect a $150,00.0 plant to manufacture 

enamel ware, 250 bathtubs a day, Tennessee, Chattanooga 

and Pacific sinks, laundry tubs, lavatories, 

closet tanks and small ware. F. H. Caldwell is 

president; J. J. Maloney, vice-president and manager; 

H. M. Caldwell, treasurer; H. W. Powell, 

secretary; W. T. Mahoney, assistant general manager. 

THE HUGHES HEATING CO., Memphis, Tenn., has 

moved from its long-time location in the Goodwin 

Institute to 126 Washington Avenue, where with a 

handsome green front it has a neat first-floor display 

room. It is just north of Shelby County's 

million dollar court house. 

MCNEIL & BURKE are doing the heating on the Adams 

Block, a large structure being overhauled and modernized 

at Adams Avenue and North Second Street, 

Memphis, Tenn. 

THE JOS. ALEXANDER CONSTRUCTION CO., Memphis, 

Tenn., has been awarded the contract for the new 

biscuit factory of the Iten Biscuit Co., Omaha, 

Neb., to be erected in Memphis at a cost of half a 

million dollars. It will be located in the south part 

of the city with complete ventilation, bow-pipe heating 

and manufacturing facilities. 

The STIZER MFG. CO., Louisville, makers of specialties, 

will put a patented light holder on the market 

as soon as its factory is put into operation. It was 

recently incorporated with a capital stock of $10,000 

by Osbar B. Stizer, David Stizer and Mattie S. 

Newman. 

JOHN W. SESSUMS, 243 Madison Avenue, Memphis, 

Tenn, is installing the Clow gas steam radiator 

heating system in the People's Trust & Savings 

Bank Building, Madison Avenue, Memphis, and 

similar heating sy.stem in a couple of new stores on 

South Main Street. 

THE STANDARD MILK MACHINERY CO., Louisville, and 

its subsidiary, Hines & Ritchey, Inc., the latter operating 

a casting and sheet copper shop, have purchased 

a new plant at Fifteenth and Madison 

Streets, which is now being remodeled for use of 

the companies. 

THE LOUISVILLE BOARD OF PARK COMMISSIONERS 

barred Miss Helen Ludwig from playing first base 

for the Standard Oil Co. in its game with the Stan- 

. dard Sanitary Mfg. Co. After much work, seats 

for a record crowd were provided, but the night 

before the game, the Park Board announced its decision. 

The men of the Standard Sanitary team 

were greatly depressed, as they had figured that 

with this added attraction on first base nothing 

would be able to keep them from getting there. 

THE GEORGETOWN, KY., City Council at a recent 

meeting, passed an ordinance which authorizes the 

issuance of $100,000 worth of water and light bonds. 

BULLETIN NO. 42 of the Trade .ind Industrial Series 

No. 12, issued by the Federal Board of Vocational 

Education, Washington, D. C, is devoted 

to safety lamps, including plain safety lamps and 

improved electric lamps, from which those who 

make lanterns can procure much useful information. 

AN INVITATION TO VISIT the new plant of the General 

Boilers Co., Waukegan, 111., is accompanied 

with literature showing the Pacific boilers. The 

letter states that the Pacific boilers for the past 7 

years have been built and sold almost exclusively 

on the Pacific coast where there are hundreds of 

them in daily use for heating purposes, demonstrating 

the correctness of the conclusion of 20 

years of study and experiment. In entering the 

eastern and central fields a 19-acre plot was purchased 

in Waukegan, 111., in July, 1919, on which 

the first of ten buildings has been completed. It is 

200 x 300 ft. in size, equipped with the best machinery 

and named by good mechanics under expert 

manufacturers of Pacific boilers. These include 

a boiler of the double return flue pipe, fully 

explained in the catalog, a portable fire box hot 

water heating outfit and a smokeless boiler. Illustrations 

and text make the peculiar features and 

advantages readily understood. 

Successful Sales Promotion Work 

One-Day Dealers' Convention Held by Branch Offices 

Burnett - Larsh Co., Opportunities for Sales Talk 

Genuine success is attained by, and not bestowed 

on any individual or company. While on the surface 

this may not appear true, careful investigation usually 

discloses that through thoughtful study, hard work 

and taking advantage of or creating opportunities, 

it has been earned. 

Probably a factor in the success of the Burnett- 

Larsh Mfg. Co., Dayton, Ohio, makers of the "Duro" 

penumatic pump and residence water systems, is its

V.7. METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 16, 1920 

sales promotion policy which is not only readily adaptable 

to opportunities that may arise but often is 

instrumental in producing profitable opportunities. 

An example of the latter is the plan whereby each 

branch office holds a one-day convention in a city or 

town centrally situated in its territory. 

The New York office, located in Grand Central 

Palace, Forty-sixth Street and Lexington Avenue, 

held its convention in May in one of the lecture rooms 

of the building. Invitations were sent to all "Duro" 

dealers in Long Island, Westchester and Rockland 

Counties and Southern Connecticut and to a few 

specially selected tradesmen in the vicinity whom it 

was desired to interest in the company's products. 

Thirty-seven plumbers and five electricians or persons 

connected with electric lighting companies were 

present early on the appointed afternoon. 

After an introductory speech an illustrated lantern 

slide talk was given by a thoroughly competent man 

from the factory on the factory organization and the 

mechanical steps through which the pumps go in 

their manufacture. Naturally at the conclusion of 

this lecture a general informal discussion of pumps 

and installations took place and much valuable information 

for the practical man was brought out. This 

was followed by a social session when the six "Duro" 

salesmen present mingled with the gathering and 

saw that the guests became acquainted and that good 

fellowship prevailed. 

About 6:30 p.m. the meeting adjourned for dinner 

to the Moulin Rouge, a cabaret restaurant, where 

the musical diversion during the meal pleased all. 

From there the party went to the Winter Garden 

Theatre where a musical show was thoroughly enjoyed. 

This recreational part of the program not 

only afforded enjoyment to the gathering but created 

a spirit of good will and sociability which afterwards 

can be capitalized upon in getting business. 

For those who resided too far away to attempt returning 

that night the company arranged for sleeping 

accommodations at the Hotel Commodore. 

The verbal expressions of those present upon leaving 

indicated that much enthusiasm had been aroused 

for the "Duro" pumps, and letters of appreciation 

since received by the company bear out this conclusion. 

The cost of the convention averaged about 

$8.00 per head, and the company considers the money 

wisely invested since already increased business from 

many of those entertained is noted and the absent 

dealers who have learned of the doings at the meeting 

state that they are not going to miss the next one. 

Today competition in all lines is so keen that sales 

promotion work and exploitation of manufactured 

products is essential to a company's success. The 

live, wide awake manufacturer who attracts and cultivates 

the good will of his dealers, soon notes an 

increased demand for his goods and more profitable 

business relations. 

Try this simple little plan which can be readily 

carried out by any concern and has the added inducement 

of having brought results. It is feasible for 

all tradesmen in our field to hold local exhibits to 

which farmers, townsmen, builders and prospective 

customers can be invited and given good impressions 

of any line of goods. 

Better Service to Customers Is Aim of Company 

The main idea behind the negotiations wliich have 

just resulted in the consolidation of the wrench and 

forging plants at Chicago and St. Catharines, Ontario, 

Canada, of the Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co., 

with J. H. Williams & Co., was Better Service to 

Customers. 

The company states that patronage in the past on 

goods made at its plants going into the new consolidation, 

is fully appreciated and earnestly recommends 

the enlarged facilities and strong organization of J. 

H. Williams & Co., on drop-forgings and drop-forged 

tools. 

The entire energy and organization of the Whitman 

& Barnes Mfg. Co., Akron, Ohio, will now be devoted 

to the exclusive manufacture of twist drills and reamers, 

insuring better service on these tools, and it is 

hoped will justify a continuance of the present cordial 

relations. 

William G Wilbers, J. J. Crotty, George W. Ankermar.n, 

Ir., and J. J. Bosemer at the Sanitary and Efficiency 

Show during the Plumbers' Convention in Pittsburgh 

All from Kentucky except Crotty who is from the 

sanitary Engineering Department of the Central 

Foundry Co., "New York City. 

Hot Water Where It's Wanted 

In whatever type of building hot water is wanted, 

the Bastian-Morley Co., LaPorte, Ind., it is claimed, 

is prepared to furnish a gas water heater to do the 

work. It has just issued a folder to the trade showing 

the features of construction of its "Royal Automatic " 

the "Marvel" and the "Superior," combined gas water 

heaters and range boilers. The text tells how they 

work, and the special purposes to which they are 

adapted for quickest and most efficient service and 

greatest economy. 

The special features of the Royal Automatic are 

a water spreader which facilitates heating, a thermo 

valve for controlling gas supply, a draft regulator to 

prevent heat loss and insure positive ventilation, and 

the use of the pilot light as an auxiliary to maintain 

tne temperatures. 

Pictures in the bathroom, laundry and kitchen show 

the necessity of hot water to home comfort, and the 

efficiency, durability and economy of the Royal Automatic 

for keeping a constant supply of hot water 

ready for instant use. It is recommended particularly 

tor homes, apartment houses, barber shops offices 

schools, clubs, churches, hospitals, garages and 

i _ic torips.


O-E Perfect System of Heating 

"Vacuum most of the time, vapor part of the time 

and pressure when desired," is the way the "O-E 

Perfect System" of lieating is presented to the heating 

trade by the O-E Specialty Co., 886 Third Street, 

Milwaukee, Wis. Its simplicity and flexibility are 

pointed out to heating contractors yvho want to interest 

home owners in saving money during the coming 

heating season. 

An attractive presentation of the company's packless 

graduated supply valve, ball check water seal 

return fitting and air exhauster and vacuum valve 

are shown in Booklet "A," which gives seventeen reasons 

why the system is most effective in various types 

of buildings, and include fuel economy, positive regulation 

of temperature, noiseless operation without 

using complicated mechanical apparatus. 

The company is prepared to aid fitters with expert 

engineering advice and merchandising ideas, and has 

prepared Booklet "B" for this purpose. In it are 

mentioned simple piping methods, which give best results, 

what to do when the basement ceiling is low, 

how to connect returns, gives table of pipe sizes, rules 

for figuring radiation, chimney sizes and other desirable 

information for the steam fitter. The company 

will be glad to furnish any other information to those 

who require it. 

The 3-S Water Closet Flange 

To aid the plumber in using the new shortened 

outlet water closets in making a tight connection 

with the house drainage system, the Sanitary Specialty 

Co., 232 Mulberry Street, Newark, N. J., has 

placed on the market 3-S Water Closet Floor Flange 

and the accompanying illustrations show the new and 

The new method 

of seting the Shortened 

Outlet Horn 

Water Closet. 

old method of connecting the earthenware closets with 

the house drainage systems. 

In one case a ring of putty was placed in the annular 

space betyveen the earthenware closet flange 

and the brass flange, which is soldered to the lead 

bend in connecting the closets with the drainage system. 

The flange is drayvn up tight against the putty 

with a view of making a tight connection with the 3-S 

fittings. It is a brass floor flange that can be used 

in connection with a cast-iron bend or a lead bend. 

In case of substituting a new shortened outlet horn 

closet for _n old type of closet, the company provides 

a staple fitting which can be soldered to the 

old closet bend, making a tight connection. 

Then the brass floor flange furnished has a 

threaded end which screws into this fitting and then 

by means of a composition gasket the brass flange is 

drawn tight against the earthenware flange of the 

closet, making a tight connection. The character of 

the gasket is said to be such as to insure a permanent 

connection with the 3-S outfit. The plumber only has 

to stock the brass flanges for the different kinds of 

fittings to connect it with a Durham system, cast-iron 

system or a system in which the lead bend is used. 

A six-page circular is used by the company to make 

clear features of merit and the method of connecting. 

It is claimed that a saving can be made in labor, a 

more practical connection and one that will stand the 

testing of the system. 

Late Trade News 

CHARLES R. PERKINS has resigned as chief inspector 

of the Andrews Steel Co., Covington, Ky., to enter 

the metallurgical department of the Tennessee Coal, 

Iron & Railroad Co., Birmingham, Ala. 

JEREMIAH E. REEVES, yvho established the sheet mills 

wliich now constitute the plants of the American 

Sheet & Tin Plate Co. at New Philadelphia and 

Dover, Ohio, and who later founded the Reeves 

Mfg. Co. at Dover, Ohio, died of apoplexy at his 

home in that city July 11. He was 76 years old 

and a native of England. In addition to his steel 

interests, he yvas the principal owner of the Toledo, 

Findlay & Fostoria Traction Co.. the Greer Steel 

Co. and the Reeves Banking & Trust Co. 

Thc old method 

of setting a water 

closet before the 

Shortened Outlet 

Horn Water Closet 

was u~ed. 

WA 

THE R. JESKE & BROTHER Co., Ill Reservoir Avenue, 

Milwaukee, has started work on the erection of a 

one-story addition, 80 x 100 ft., to its sheet metal 

works, costing about $40,000 with neyv equipment. 

THE INTERNATIONAL METAL STAMPING CO., Artillery 

and Muster Avenues, Detroit, has completed plans 

for a new one-story plant 79 x 530 ft., to cost about 

$130,000.


THE W. B. BERTELS & SON CO., 121 North Pennsylvania 

Avenue, Wilkes-Barre, Pa., manufacturer of 

tin and stamped yvare is planning to build a twostory 

factory, 70 x 75 ft., to cost about $30,000. 

THE PEERLESS STEEL WINDOW & SHUTTER Co., New 

York, has been incorporated with an active capital 

of $26,750 by C. H. Israel, H. G. Cooke and J. N. 

Bishop, 50 East Forty-second Street, to manufacture 

steel and metal window frames and similar 

products. 

THE EDWARD G. BUDD MFG. CO., Twenty-fifth Street 

and Hunting Park Avenue, Philadelphia, manufac 

turer of steel automobile bodies, special steel stampings, 

etc., has arranged for a bond issue of $1,000,- 

000, to be used for expansion. Its present plant 

totals about 850.000 sq. ft. Edward G. Budd is 

president. 

NEW OFFICERS HAVE BEEN CHOSEN for the Quality 

Stove & Range Co., Belleville, UL, and include 

Charles Crawford, president; John Theiss, vicepresident; 

Samuel Evans, secretary-treasurer. The 

former officers retain their interests in the concern 

but have retied from the management. 

THE NATIONAL FURNACE & STOVE CO., Ravenna, 

Ohio, has plans under way for a new one-story 

foundry, 80x220 ft., to cost about $75,000. D. 

C. Smith, 4500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, is architect. 

THE TULSA STOVE & FOUNDRY CO., Tulsa, Okla., 

manufacturer of stove castings, oil field and refinery 

equipment, etc., is planning for an addition to its 

plant at Sand Springs, Okla. 

Cincinnati Sheet Metal Workers 

The Cincinnati Association of Sheet Metal Contractors 

held a meeting at Fisher's Gardens, Cincinnati, 

July 8, Ferd. Doepke being the host of the 

evening. A goodly number of members attended and 

some important topics discussed. 

A communication from the National Secretary with 

reference to the Trade Development movement was 

laid on the table for discussion at next meeting. A 

discussion on the question of holding the meetings of 

the local in the daytime instead of at night was held, 

and it yvill be taken up and a decision made at next 

meeting. 

President George Dietz impressed upon the members 

of the association the necessity of having signed 

contracts for any work they undertake, as within the 

past couple of weeks several members yvere advised 

by builders that they had decided to change work already 

arranged for, with the result that the contractors 

were left with materials on their hands which 

were purchased especially for the jobs. 

An address was made by J. E. McDonald, representative 

of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER, who is an honorary member. He also read a 

portion of an article, "The Path That Leads to Money 

in the Bank," and from a letter from Frank K. Chew. 

A large delegation from the Cincinnati local will 

attend the State convention at Toledo, many going 

in automobiles. 

Younger Men Lack Dependability 

A Pennsylvania company speaks from a experience 

of many years in response to an inquiry by The Iron 

THE HOMER FURNACE CO., Coldwater, Mich., is mak Age on production in various industries with particuing 

an addition to its molding department, 128 x 150 lar reference to co-operation: 

ft., which it expects to occupy Sept. 1. The recent "Our company has been in existence since 1867 and 

suspension of operations of the company due to a never had labor troubles of any kind preceding the 

shortage of cars was for only two days. 

war, and our men were efficient and satisfactory in 

M. J. DALY & SONS, INC., Waterbury, Conn., manu every respect. We employed at that time almost exfacturer 

of piping and similar products, has comclusively 'Pennsylvania Dutch,' but during the war 

pleted plans for a new one-story brick and steel we employed any nationality, as yve found it neces 

works, llOx 180 ft., to cost about $80,000. sary to increase our production very materially, and 

we placed all of our men where possible on a "piece 

WILLIAM E. WILLIAMS, 62 Front Street, New York, 

work basis, with the result that a largely increased 

manufacturer of steam specialties, has incorpo 

production per man was attained, so that manv of 

rated the William E. Williams Valve Corporation 

our men were able to make very large earnings.' 

with a capital of $100,000 to manufacture valves 

"We had made it a rule for a number of vears to 

and similar products. Other incorporators are J. 

add to our organization only men under 35 years of 

J. Kingsley and W. Wennels. 

age, preferably under 30. The result was that these 

THE LUNKENHEIMER CO., Cincinnati, has applied for men were able to earn exceptionally large wages and 

a permit for the construction of its new foundry in during the war they would come out early in the 

Hartwell suburb at an estimated cost of $400,000. morning; but since the war ended the wages have 

It will be of brick and steel and is expected to be still further increased per hour, and the more you pay 

ready for occupancy before the first of the year. the less hours they are willina; to work. They no 

THE WOLFF MFG. CO., manufacturer of plumbing sup longer come out at the proper time in the morning, 

plies, 255 North Hoyne Avenue, Chicago, has let but often report very late, sometimes giving the ex 

contract for remodeling its six-story plant. 

cuse of having overslept, and then again they do not 

report at all. On account of the scarcity of labor we 

.THE MCNAB & HARLIN MFG. CO., 55 John Street, 

are obliged to be governed to a large extent by their 

New York, manufacturer of valves, iron, steel and 

wishes in order to get any production at all. 

brass goods, etc., with plant at Paterson, N. J., has 

"We find these young men have very decidedly been 

increased its capital from $300,000 to $1,300,000. 

spoiled by the great increase in the rate of yvaees 

Foster Milliken is president. 

Ihey have no interest in the affairs of the company'


as older men have, and they are only interested in the 

amount of money they can get in the shortest number 

of hours of work. So to-day at our plants we have 

established a rule always to give preference to men 

over 35 years of age, preferably 40, and only use 

men under 35 when it is not possible to get other men. 

We find the older men are more regular and yvill produce 

considerably^ more than the younger men, for the 

younger men will not report regularly, and a great 

deal of their time is spent in floating from one plant 

to another, trying to find out yvho will pay the highest 

price for labor. 

"In our opinion, the wages that are being paid 

generally at the present tinie are too high, and advancing 

them in any yvay will make conditions more 

serious than they yvere before; but from the fact that 

there is this bidding from day to day by our competitors, 

we are obliged to follow, as we are not large 

enough to establish a rate or policy as should be established 

by the largest corporations such as the 

United States Steel orporation. Corporations of that 

size must take the lead, for, believe me, this is a very 

serious question that has to be worked out. This 

country requires more labor, and immediate action 

should be taken whereby foreign labor is brought to 

this country to relieve the situation and in the end 

benefit all classes. 

"As to prohibition: We are of the opinion that conditions 

would be much more serious if the saloons were 

open, as they were five years ago, and I should dislike 

very much to see such an attempt made, for not only 

would yve have a worse shortage in labor hours, but it 

Trade Report and 


Black and Oalvanized Sheets—Demand continues with 

improved receipts. 

Tin Plate—Good demand for prompt delivery. 

Tin—No activity. 

Copper—Tone improved and prices unchanged. 

Lead—Demand only for prompt delivery and prices hold. 

Zinc—Demand is quiet with producers ilittle disposed to 

sell. 

Antimony—More activity and demand fairly good. 

Foundry Pig Iron—Prices tend upward. Output below 

normal. 

Foundry Coke—Spot tonnage scarce. Shipment better. 

Output curtailed. 

Linseed Oil—Inactive—prices hold. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Stocks low. Prices higher. 

Market Conditions 

would be useless to attempt to control labor in any 

way under such conditions." 

More Oddities of Workmen's Compensation Law 


These cases and many others like them show that 

the courts now strain a point to protect employees 

from about anything that may happen to them during 

working hours, whether it had any connection with 

the real yvork or not. If the injured employee is in 

his yvorking hours, and engaged in, or at, or near his 

regular work—he need not even be on his employer's 

premises—he is apparently entitled to claim compensation 

from his employer if anything happens to him. 

Death of John T. Shields 

Announcement is made of the death of John T. 

Shields, president and general manager of the Blake 

Specialty Co., Rock Island, 111. When this company 

yvas established by John D. Blake, manufacturer of 

specialties in connection with the house drainage system, 

Mr. Shields, yvho saw the merits of the line of 

specialties, identified himself with their production. 

His death is not only a loss in the fellowship with his 

associates, but also to the enterprise which, however, 

has been so established that its success is ausured. 

John Grey Dead 

John Grey, aged 52, for 6 years manager of the 

tin plate mill of the Lalance & Grosjean Mfg. Co., 

Harrisburg, Pa., died last week in the Harrisburg 

hospital after a short illness. 


Sheets are coming into the New York market in better 

quantity. Pipe mills have plenty of orders but 

some are shut down on account of coal and car shortage. 

Brass goods are strong and there is a probability 

of further advances in the wages of sanitary potters. 

The buyer has the greatest trouble in getting stock 

to meet his customers' needs. For fall trade goods 

needed should be ordered so as to have them received 

when they can be used. The transportation facilities 

will be taxed and those who can help the situation by 

getting their needs supplied early, will find it to the 

advantage since freight rates will very likely go up 

after September 1. 

FOUNDRY PIG IRON 

New York.—The Virginia Iron, Coal & Coke Co. is of 

C[ It was necessary to shut down some productive 

fering to sell iron for the remainder of this year and the 

J capacity when the order in reference to the use first half of next year at $16, furnace. This is $1 higher 

of open-top and box cars went into effect to step the than the price the Virginia furnaces have been quoting for 

soaring of fuel prices and pig iron prices and the steel the remainder of this year, and very little has been sold at 

men went to Washington to talk direct to the Inter any price for next year. There is a general feeling that 

state Commerce Commission. It is expected that some the recent low price of $42 furnace made by at least one 

relief will soon be felt. 

company in Eastern Pennsylvania was unnecessarily low 

and that considerably higher prices will prevail, owing to

92 


reduced production throughout the country and the decided 

strength of the basic market in the Central West. 


East. Pa., No. 1 fdy., sil. 2.75 to 3.25.$50.05 to Jal.05 

East. Pa., No. 2Xfdy„ sil. 2.25 to 2.75 49.05 to 50.05 

East Pa.. No. 2 fdy.. sil. 1.75 to 2.25. 47.80 to 48.SO 

No. 2X, Virginia, sil. 2.25 to 2.75.... 49.60 

Chicago.—A few new inquiries have appeared and a number 

of consumers have put out feelers for 1931 iron, but 

generally speaking there is little activity. Prices are generally 

firm and such changes as are taking place are principally 

upward. The shortage of coke, as well as its high 

cost, is commencing to have an effect on foundries, and it 

is feared by some that the situation will result in the suspension 

of operation in some cases. The fact that several 

foundries are offering iron for resale is regarded either as 

an indication that they are overstocked or that the reaction 

of the public against high prices is having its effect on the 

foundry industry. 

The following quotations are iron delivered, at consumers' 

yards except those for Northern foundry, and 

steel-making irons, which are f.o.b. furnace and do not 


Northern coke, No. 1, sil. 2. 25 to 2.75, last 

half $4(.__ 


Northern coke foundry, No. 2, sil 1.75 to 

2.25 last half ^.00 

Northern coke, No. 2, spot... 45.00 

Northern high Dhos., last half............ 45.00 

Southern coke, No. 1 foundry and No. 1 

soft sil. 2.75 to 3.25 •••••••• •••• •;• 50 -° 

Southern coke, No. 2 foundry sil 2.25 to 

2 75 _o.

July 16, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

THE GENIE OF 

THE BOTTLE 

IKE the Genie irom the "Arabian Nights", 

*-~* Prest-O-Lite is a wonderful force confined 

in a small cylinder. 

It is subject to the command of its master— 

the trained welder and cutter. Under his direction 

it performs feats of wonder—anywhere, at 

any time. 

In the subway builder's excavation, in the 

floating dry dock, in fact any place—any time 

where welding and cutting metals are required, 

the ready portability of Prest-O-Lite is an asset 

of genuine worth. 

Ask us about the service plan of the Universal 

Gas with the Universal Service. 

THE PREST-O-LITE COMPANY, Inc. 

General Offices: 30 East -12nd Street, Neyv York, N. Y. 


In Canada—Prest-O-Lite Co. of Canada, Limited, Toronto 

Please quote METAL WOBKEH, PLUMBEB AND STEAM FIITEB when writing to advertisers 

PW-50-c 

9a


No. 1 red brass or composition turning. . 12.25 

Lead, heavy 7.00 

Lead, tea 5.00 

Zinc 5.25 

Old Metals, Chicago.—There is a better feeling in the market 

and red brass, copper chips and bottoms have advanced 

in price. 








Lead pipe .- 6.00 

Tea lead 3.00 



Zinc 4.25 


Old Metals, Boston.—Less activity in copper and aluminum 

were features of the old metal situation. Scrap lead 

is in fairly good demand. Dealers are nominally paying 

as follows: 

Heavy crucible copper < $15.75 to $16.25 









Zinc 5.00 to 5.50 

Pewter No. 1 36.00 to 38.00 

Clean cast aluminum 24.00 to 24.50 



Old Rubber.—Market is dull and prices hold. Tire scrap 

is stagnant while demand from consumers for inner tubes 

is small. Boots and shoes remain unchanged with few 

sales, although the price is not expected to go lower. 

Wholesale dealers' buying quotations are: 

Boots and shoes 6Vt to 6*_ 

Trimmed arctics 5 to 5*4 

;E ^ Art fR £ 

: F Id **" if' ' 

r Pe fc-i •**"* - 

' £ ^ r\ IF. t 

n. H *- a ~ 

%.< 


Auto tires 2% to 2% 

Bicycle tires 1 % to 1 % 

Solid tires 2 to 2% 

No.l inner tubes 12 to 13 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4% 

Mixed red scrap 3 % to 4 

Mixed black scrap IV2 to 2 

Cotton flre hose % to l'A 


Old Rags.—There has been increase in demand as many 

consumers are looking for lower prices. Wholesale dealers' 

prices are: 

No. 1 whites $10.50 to $11.00 

No. 2 whites 5.75 to 6.00 

Thirds aid blues 3.50 to 3.75 




Paper Stock.—The demand for waste paper stock continues 

strong and no falling off is anticipated since purchasers 

are only buying for present requirements. Wholesale 

dealers' buying quotations for New York are: 

Over issue magazines 3.25 to 3.35 



New York City, July 16, 1920. 

Black and Oalvanized Sheets.—Receipts have become 

more regular but consumers' demands still keep up and 

prevent any accumulation of stocks. 

Tin Plate.—There is a good demand for prompt delivery 

but car shortage retards shipment. Production has been 

increased. 

Copper.—More interest is shown by consumers with resulting 

increase in inquiries, but buying is only of fair 

proportions. 

Tin.—The market continues quiet with transactions being 

confined to dealers while consumers hold off. 

Ample ventilation is a real necessity in a building 

where physical exertion is the rule, whether it be 

a factory, shop, clubhouse, or other structure. 

The Chicago Athletic Club, illustrated, at the left, 

is provided with facilities which assure a constant 

supply of clean, fresh air and the elimination of 

umvholesome gases and dead air. 

Burt Ventilators take care of all these requirements. 



GEO. W. REED & CO., Montreal, Sole Manufacturers 

of "Burt" Ventilators for Canada.


Lead.—Producers report a disappointing conditions of 

output because of labor shortage and irregularity of transportation. 

Consumption has been reduced but not sufficient 

to cause accumulations with diminished supplies. 

zinc—Due to the fact that consumption has been considerably 

curtailed and the producers are not eager sellers, 

the inquiries and sales continue of moderate volume anu 

the price tendency is upward rather than downward. 

Antimony.—Slightly more interest in the market is shown. 

Chinese and Japanese is now quoted at 10 to 12 cents per lb. 

Tin Plate, Pittsburgh.—Extension of the car preference 

to tin plate manufacturers has been made to some of the 

manufacturers who failed to profit by the priority granted 

by the Interstate Commerce Commission lae in May, which 

expired June 26. This has further helped the position of 

the industry with regard to accumulated stocks of tin plate 

for perishable food containers and is reflected in somewhat 

heavier mill operations. Shortage of cars has seriously 

restricted the movement of tin plate for other containers 

and demands for supplies for early delivery still are numerous. 

Stock tin plate, which is all that is available for 

prompt shipment, still is selling up to $10 per base box. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh.—Shortage of cars continues to keep 

down shipments and to prevent any appreciable reduction 

of mill warehouse stock. The congestion appears to be 

more acute with the American Sheet & Tin Plate Co. than 

with the independent manufacturers. The former has more 

than 900 cars of material piled up at its various plants 

awaiting shipment. Pressure for shipments against contracts 

is heavy and fancy prices still are being paid for 

material for early and specified delivery by consumers unable 

to secure tonnage from their regular sources. Recent 

sales of black sheets by independent manufacturers 

have averaged close to 7.50c, base, and sales of galvanized 

sheets for specified delivery have been done as high as 9c, 

base. 


Linseed Oil.—This market is at present inactive except 

for purchases of small lots of spot goods. In lots of 5 bbl. 

and over, city raw American seed is quoted at $1.56 to 

$1.66, and out-of-town raw American seed is $1.56 to $1.66. 

In lots of less than 5 bbl. 3c more per gallon is asked. 

Boiled oil brings 2c more per gallon than raw oil. 

Spirits of Turpentine.—It has been necessary to carefully 

apportion new receipts so as to satisfy current needs 

of regular customers. Shipments have come in very slowly, 

due to bad pier conditions. In machine barrels in yard, 

the wholesale price is quoted at $1.57%. 

Rosin.—Local stocks are low and prices have advanced. 

On the basis of 280 lbs. to the barrel, the wholesale price 

of common-to-good strained is $11.75. Grade D is $16.25. 

Iron and Steel Pipe.—There has been no appreciable easing 

up in the supply situation, although Youngstown district 

manufacturers have been able to make somewhat larger 

shipments into the Pittsburgh territory, as a result of the 

modification of the order No. 7 of the 'interstate Commerce 

Commission, which permits of fairly free loading of opentop 

cars going in the direction of coal mines. Mill operations 

outside of the Pittsburgh district have gained somewhat 

since a week ago. Both the Youngstown Sheet & Tube 

Co. and the Republic Iron & Steel Co., Youngstown, Ohio, 

have practically all of their pipe capacity in operation. 

The Lorain, Ellwood City and Wheeling plants of the 

National Tube Co. are running. The National Works of 

the latter company at McKeesport and the Pennsylvania 

Works in Pittsburgh, which suspended for the holiday week, 

have not yet resumed, and at the Continental and National 

Works of the company in Pittsburgh operations are very 

irregular. The explanation is entirely to be found in the 

A BIG CHANCE TO SECURE 

PROFITABLE CONTRACTS! 


opportunity to increase profits by recommending, 

selling and installing the Watrous Gravity Liquid 

Soap System. Industrial plants of all kinds, Factories, 

Railway Depots, Hospitals, Public Buildings, etc., are 

adopting this improved method of dispensing soap. 

The one large central container, easily refilled, is far 

more economical and more convenient in operation than 

the ordinary wasteful method of an individual container 

for every bowl. 

There are no moving parts to The Watrous System to 

get out of order. Operates wholly by gravity. The 

simple valve in the dispenser 

regulates an even. 

non-wasting supply of 

soap. A plumber's services 

are required to install 

the System. Therefore, 

every sale you make 

will carry with it a contract 

for installation. 

The Watrous Gravity 

Liquid Soap System is a 

new addition to the line 

of the celebrated Watrous 

Sanitary Plumbing Equipment, 

distinguished as 

representing the most advanced 

ideas in sanitary 

pumbing science. The line 

includes Watrous Duojet 

Closets, Self-Closing 

Cocks, Urinals, Drinking 

Fountains and up-to-date 

Specialties. 

I 

Free 1223 Information W. Harrison on St., Request 

Chicago, 111. 

The Imperial Brass Mfg. Co. 

shortage of cars, which has so congested the plants as to 

render operations extremely difficult. The Jones & Laughlin 

Steel Co. maintains full operations at its Woodlawn, Pa., 

pipe mills and is making a rather good showing on shipments 

because of its ability to ship by water. Practically 

none of the companies is able to take any business for 

definite deliverv in anything in tubular goods. 

Foundry Coke.—Conditions are pretty much as they have 

been for the past few weeks, with spot tonnage extremely 

scarce and readily saleable at stiff prices. Rumor has 

been current here lately of the possibility of a restoration 

of the Fuel Administration, and while such a development 

primarily would be for the purpose of a more equitable 

distribution of coal and an artificial reduction in prices, 

the coke market could not very well escape such regulations. 

The Lake requirements of coal between now and the close 

of navigation are estimated to be at least 24,000,000 tons. 

To supply this demand constitutes a real problem in view 

of the fact that the Lake interests believe that $7, mines, 

is a fair maximum price for coal and are disinclined to pay 

more. Unless the Government steps in, it is hard to figure 

how much coal can go to the Lakes, for, with the market 

left free and open, operators would ship where prices were 

hio-hest. At present as much as $11 per ton is obtainable 

onXoal. Some improvement is noted in placements of cars 

for coal, and steel companies operating by-product plants 

are not such heavy buyers of beehive oven coke as they 

were recently. Not much selected foundry coke is to be 

had below $18 per net ton, oven, and it is reported that 

$19, and in one or two cases a little more, has been paid 

for' small tonnages. Nothing recently has been done in 

contracting for foundry coke, and the actual market is 

rather indefinite.

96 








ALUMINUM- 


99% pure, in ingots for re 



July 16, 1920 


York City by merchants carrying stocks. =„fflrientlv heavy 

As there are many consumers whose requirements are not if««enuy neavy 


lots from mills, these prices are given for their convenience imDracticabie 



4.25 4.05 3.00 

4.90 4.50 3.50 

5.05 4.75 4.00 

6.50 7.50 

melting, 100-lb. lots—37 to 39c ELBOW AND SHOES— 

ANTIMONY— 


Chinese and Japanese, per lb. Plain Round and Corrugated— 

10c to 12c All sizes up to 6 in 50% 

BRASS, ROLL AND SHEET— Square— 

Base price Nominal Square 

BISMUTH— 

Per lb $4.00 to $4.50 

CONDUCTORS- 

Corrugated— 




Copper 10% 

Spiral Lock Seam Pipe— 




(See also Elbows and Shoes; 


Conductor.) 



COPPER— 

Lake ingot 21!_-22J_c 



COPPER SHEETS 



From stock 31c to 33c in 100 Ib. lots 

and over. 

For less than 100-lb. lots, 2c per lb. 

advance. 

Cold Rolled, 2c 14 and heavier 

per lb. advance over hot rolled. 

Polished— 48 in. 

long 48 in. 

and to 

less 96 in. 

sq. ft. sq. ft. 

10 in. wide and under 6c 7c 

10 in. to 36 in. wide... 5c 6c 

Over 36 in. wide 8c 9c 

Planished, l}_c per sq. ft. more than 

Polished. 

Bottom, Pitts and Flats, 24 oz. 

base and heavier, per lb 38c 

Tinning— 96 in. 

long 

and Over 

less 96 in. 



Over 20 in. to 48 in. wide 6c 7c 



Galvanized—Toncan or ingot, 25% 


Copper 10% 

EAVES TROUGH MITERS— 

Lap or Slip Joint, 10% above list. 


ELBOWS- 

No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 

4 in $4.00 $3.90 $2.75 

4i_ in. 4.10 3.95 2.8! 

40 ROSIN— 

SOLDER— 

Common to good strained (whole 

V, to J_ guaranteed 37^0 

sale), 280 lbs., per bbl $11.75 

No. 1 *& 

SHEETS— 

Refined •• ••• •••••• ••• • ""j"! 




Cents per lb. 

composition. 

No. 10, per lb _'|_1"92 SOLDERING FLUXES- 

No. 12, per lb 6.55-8.05 .aeger's Salts: 

No 14 per lb 6.60-8.10 

% 

1-lb. cans, each .60 

No. 16, per lb 6.70-8.20 

Copper- 

5-lb. cans, each $3-00 


All sizes Net List 


No. 18 to 20, 

Soft-Steel 

Furnace Pipe and Fittings— 

No. 22 to 24, 

.er lb 7.85- 9.85 Gallon " ftper 

lb 7.80- 9.80 

Standard list..Prices on application 

No. 26, per 

l6 7.90- 9.90 

LEAD— 

per 

No. 

lb 7.95- 9.95 

American Pig, per lb. ,.10!_c to lie 

per 

No. 

lb 8.00-10.00 

Bar, per lb 1154c to 12c 

per 

No. 

lb 8.05-10.05 

METAL LATH— 

per 

No. 

lb 8.25-10.25 

Under 100 sq. yd. per sq. yd. 40c 

and 

No. 

lighter, 36 wide, 


10c higher 

Leads— 


Lead, American White, in OO, 20 gauge 11.10c 

kegs less than 500 lbs., lS^c 22 and 24 gauge 11.20c 

Lead, White, in Oil, 25-lb. tin pails; 26 gauge 11.30c 

add to keg price J^c 

38 gauge 11.50c 

Lead, Red, in Oil, less than 500 lbs., Galvanized— 

15c 

Cents per lb 

Dry Colors- 

Nos. No 22 12 and 24 14 9.10-10.60 9.25-11.05 

Red Venetian, American, 

No. 26 

16 9.25-10.75 

9.70-11.20 

Per 100 lbs., 2_i to 5c 

No. 

Nos. 

27 

18 and 20 9.40-10.90 

9.85-11.35 


No. 2S 10.00-11.50 

Brown, per ton $32.00 to $36.00 

No. 30 10.50-12.50 

Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 


Oils- 

20c higher 

Linseed, City Raw ....$1.56 to $1.66 


Linseed, Boiled, advance, per 

2c/2 in. corrugations, 30c per 100 

gal lc 


Out of Town American Seed 

Corrugated Roofing—Paintedat 

$1 56 to $1.66 


Spirits Turpentine- 

ZVi-in. Corrugation 

In Machine Bbl $1.57J4 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

PUTTY— 

No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c 

No. 26, pr 100 sq. ft. 

In 1-lb. to 5-lb tins, 6.00 to 7.35c 

No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

REGISTERS— 


Cast Iron .-.10% 

F. O. B. cars, Quarry Station. 

Semi-Steel or Steel, in Black for 

Per Square 

White Japan or Electro plate 

According 

and Small Faces and Borders 20% 


Wall Frames 20% 


Large Faced, 14 x 14 in. and 

No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 

larger 40% 

Pen Argyl 7.75 to 8.25 

Base Board Registers 20% 


Base Board Intakes per ton, 20% 


White Enameled Goods $102.00 5% 

Vermont— 

Solid Brass or Bronze 

per 

•oil, Goods, 108 sq. exft. 

No. 1 Sea Green $5.00 to $8.50 

2-Ply 

cept 

Tarred 

Grilles 

Paper 

Net $1.60 


Grilles 

3-Ply Tarred 

in Black 

Paper 

and White Japan 2.00 

Red 22.00 

Rosin 

or Electroplate 

Sized Sheathing, 

in Cast Iron Plain 

Maine- 

Lattice, Design. 

Prices 

Smaller 

on application 

than 


Roofing 

14 x 14 

Pitch, 

in., 

per ton $30.00 No. 1 $14.00 

Open per lb 


15c Slaters felt, 30-lb. roll 2.00 


40-lb. roll 2.25 

1-Ply Tarred Paper 

25 

12-gal. Carboy ....90c per gallon 


Callahan. Non-Corrosive, per 

gal *'- 75 

SOLDERING COPPERS- 



per lb. . „„ .. . 

In lots of less than 100 lbs., advance 

4c per lb. 


2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 

Copper $2.80 $3.75 $5.75 $9.00 dt 

Galv. 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 dt 


Straits, pigs per lb. ..............Sic 

Straits, in bars, per lb 57c to o_c 


..Charcoal Plates—Bright— 

N B.—The price of 14 x 20 


IC, 14 x 20 $16-50 

IX, 14 x 20 18.75 

IXX, 14 x 20 20.50 

IXXX, 14x20 22.25 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 

"A"Charcoal Allaways Grade: 

IC, 14x20 $14.25 

IX, 14 x 20 16.25 

IXX, 14 x 20 18.00 

IXXX, 14 x 20 19.75 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 21.50 

Coke Plates, Bright- 


80-lb $11-80 

90-lb 11.90 

100-lb 12.00 

IC 13-25 

IX 13.25 

IXX 14.25 

IXXX 15.25 

IXXXX 16.25 

Terne Plate- 


100-lb., 14 x 20 $9.35 

IC, 14 x 20 9.50 

IX, 14 x 20 10.50 


squared: 


Walter's and Cooper's Metal Shingles 15-lb. Coating 11.7S 


The 

Shingles 

That Last 

30-lb. Coating 

35-lb. Coating The 

M. F. Grade 

40-lb Coating Shingles 


Per lb. That in 5-lb. Last bags 


13.50 

14.25 

13.50 

15.00 

22c 

The Most Complete Line of Designs The Best Material, Workmanship Western and Finish Slabs 10-llc 

Sheets No. 9 base casks 14!_c 

.Made in Painted Tin or Genuine Be-dipped Galvanized Tin 


National Sheet Metal Roofing Co. 


339-345 Grand Street 

JEBSEY CITY, N. J.

FLORAL PARK, N. Y., JULY 23, 1920. 



Simple Calculations That May Be Used On Small Work With 

Certainty of Pleasing Customer By Results 


Heating Guidance For Residence Work 

The man whose heating work is occasional will find here safe, simple methods for 

By Instructor 

calculating requirements and arranging piping that he can understand and use as 

they have been prepared for his needs. They are in seven parts and a man should 

(, get and read and save all seven. 

In Seven Parts —Part I, Computing Radiation 

T H E series of articles, of which this is the first, 

has been prepared especially for the fitter who 

has a good practical knowledge of the business 

from the mechanical standpoint but who wishes to 

learn how to lay out simple plants and compute the 

size of the various parts. While an effort has been 

made to present the material in suitable form for any 

young man taking up this line of work, it has been 

arranged particularly for those wishing to start in 

the contracting business for themselves or who may 

desire to take charge of a branch shop for some 

larger concern. Direct steam and hot-water heating 

will be considered, with special reference to the warming 

of dwelling houses, apartments, small stores, etc. 

The first step in laying out a system of heating is 

to compute the sizes of the radiators for the various 

rooms. There are a number of good rules for this 

purpose which seem at first sight rather 

Size of complicated, and there are also various 

Radiators "rules of thumb" which are all right 

when the user is experienced and 

knows what allowances to make under different conditions. 

The more complicated rules take into account 

different kinds of wall construction, quality 

of workmanship, location of building with reference 

to wind exposure and points of compass. 

Inside and outside temperatures are also taken into 

account and the general form and design of the radiators. 

Rules of thumb commonly base the square feet 

of radiation upon the cubic contents of the room, 

without reference to the other factors mentioned, and 

for the inexperienced this is always unsafe. Here 

will be worked out something between the two which 

will be simple to use, and still have a certain amount 

of leeway, so it may be adapted to the usual varia 

tions. 

The following rule is based on a room temperature 

of 70 deg., with zero outside, and is for a building 

of ordinary wood' stucco or brick construction. 

Divide the outside wall surface in square feet, by 

Fig. 1. 

Plan. 

F >es/ation. 

Typical Room as Example For Computing 

Radiator 

10- the glass surface by 25; add these quantities, and 

the result will be the square feet of direct cast-iron 

steam radiation required for a south room. 

For a north room, multiply the surface given by 

the rule, by 1.3; for an east room, multiply by 1.1;


and for a west room, multiply by 1.2. If hot water 

is to be used for heating, first compute the size for 

steam, by the above rule, and multiply the result by 

1.5, or in otlier words increase the amount one half. 

Example: What will be the required size of steam 

radiator for the room shown in Fig. 1 ? 

Solution: Total exposed outside surface = (12 -)- 

16) x 8.5 = 28 x 8.5 = 238 sq. ft. Area of a 

single window = 5 x 25 = 12.5 sq. ft.- or a total of 

12.5 x 4 = 50 sq. ft. Hence, there is: Wall = 238 

— 50 = 188 sq. ft; glass = 50 sq. t. 

188 

Applying the rule for radiating surface gives 

10 

-j 

50 

or 18.8 + 

2.5 

20 38.8 sq. ft. The room is on 

the northwest corner of the house, so the amount of 

surface on this account must be increased by the 

factors previously given. The factor for north is 1.3, 

and for west 1.2; hence, the average of these, or 

1.8 -f 1.2 2.5 

= — = 1.25 must be used for a north- 

2 2 

west exposure. 

Making this increase calls for 38.8 x 1.25 = 4c8.5 

sq. ft. of surface. If hot water heating was to be 

used, it would be necessary to provide 48.5 x 1.5 

72.7 sq. ft. of surface. 

= 

This increase in surface for hot-water heating is 

because the water has a lower temperature than steam 

and does not give out heat so fast. The rate of heat 

transfer from the radiating surface to the air varies 

with tlie difference in the temperature between the 

two, and for the ordinarv forms of direct cast-iron 

Fig. 2. A Two Column 

Radiator. 

Fig. 3. A Three 

Column Radiator 

radiation amounts to about 1.7 heat units per square 

foot of surface per hour per degree difference. Steam 

at 1 lb. pressure has a temperature of 216 deg. Assuming 

a room temperature of 70 deg. gives a difference 

of 216 —70 = 146 deg. 

With hot-water heating it is customary to assume 

that the water will leave the boiler at 180 deg. and 

return at 160 deg., thus giving an average tempera- 

180 + 160 

ture of =170 deg. to the radiators. This 

2 

gives a temperature difference of only 170 — 70 = 

100 deg. between the radiator and surrounding air 

as against 146 for steam. Hence the quantity of 

heat given off per square foot of surface per hour 

being in direct proportion to the temperature difference, 

it will be practically 1.5 times greater for 

steam than for hot water; and in order to get a given 

amount of heat per hour, there must be 1.5 times as 

much radiating surface for hot water as for steam. 

The rule given for computing radiating surface 

applies to what may be called regular work, that is, 

the ordinary rooms of a dwelling house or apartment. 

It will be noticed that only the outside 

Special walls and windows have been consid- 

Conditions ered, no allowance being made for the 

floors on the first story or the ceilings 

on the upper story. Under ordinary conditions the 

first of these will be taken care of by the heat radiated 

from the boiler and the basement piping, and the 

second by the additional heat which rises from the 

lower floor to the upper part of the building through 

open doors and stairways. 

Fig. 4. One Section of a Wall 

Radiator. 

Fig. 5. Another Type of Wall 

Radiator. 

Some of the basement heat also finds its way to the 

upper floors and is supplemented by that given off 

by uncovered risers. If, however, there is a room 

off by itself, as in the ell of a house, for example 

with a cold attic above, the square feet of radiation, 

as figured by the rule, should be multiplied by 1.1 

to care for the cold ceiling. This correction should 

also be made in the case of rooms on the first floor 

which come over an unheated basement, that is, over 

a basement room separated from that containing the 

boilera nd having but a very small amount of piping 

and that covered. 

In stores and similar buildings there is frequently 

a wall which comes against an unheated space, like 

a passage way or storeroom. In cases of this'kind 

1 sq. ft. of radiation should be provided for each 15 

to 20 sq. ft. of cold wall, the smaller figure being 

used for storerooms which are liable to be open more 

or less to the outside air, and the larger figure for 

closed corridors which never get very cold. 

Entrnce halls and vestibules also require special 

treatment- as the computed surface does not provide 

for the excessive leakage of cold air around and


through a door. In general, it will be safe to compute 

the size of radiator as for an ordinary room, and 

then double it. 

1. 

< 

1 

1 *— 

o ceam A\ 

Air \/al\/e -, 

»- -J 

•q , 

S 1 • 

•t, _ _ _ _____ 

6' team 

Return | 

/Air Vfl/ve 1 

. b 

'i — • s " 

H tJ 

Peturn • r ' 

Fig. 6 and 7 a Mitre Coil and a Trombone Coil 

If a tight vestibule or storm door is to be provided, 

it may be sufficient to multiply the size of the computed 

radiator by 1.7. The location of the door with 

reference to the points of compass and exposure to 

winds is an important factor in estimating the size 

of radiator for a hall or vestibule. 

The standard forms of sectional radiators shown 

in Figs. 2 and 3 are best adapted to dwelling houses 

and similar kinds of work. For ordinary conditions 

the two-column radiator shown in Fig 2 

Types of will be the most satisfactory. For the 

Radiators sizes required it will generally make up 

in the best proportion. It does not 

project into the room so far as the three-column pattern, 

shown in Fig. 3, and is fully as efficient. Where 

large surfaces are necessary or the space for length 

limited, the three-column radiator may be the most 

desirable. 

In general, radiators 30 to 32 in. in height give a 

better proportion for the sizes required, in steam heating, 

in rooms of small to moderate size. A radiator of 

three or four sections, 38 to 40 in. in height, gives an 

awkward appearance and should never be used unless 

necessary through lack of space for a suitable length. 

Hot-water radiators, being larger, are generally best 

made 36 to 38 in. in height for medium to large 

sizes. 

It is the custom of many fitters and contractors to 

use the same height and pattern for all radiators in 

the building, and obtain the proper amount of surface 

by varying the number of sections. This gives a 

number of small radiators of awkward proportion and 

is not to be recommended. It is much better to vary 

the height sufficiently to get good proportions in the 

different rooms. 

In general, two heights, 32 and 38 in., will cover 

all conditions with the two-column pattern, perhaps 

supplemented in some cases by a three-column radiator 

of large size. 

Wall radiators, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, are especially 

adapted to bathrooms, narrow hallways, entrance 

vestibules, etc., where floor space is limited and 

too much surface is not required. While this type of 

radiator is used in large groups in buildings of certain 

kinds, it is generally limited to units of two or 

three sections in dwelling-house work as the appearance 

of large radiators is not desirable in important 

rooms. 

Pipe coils are frequently used in place of cast-iron 

radiators in stores, shops, etc., where appearance is 

not of so much importance and where it is desired to 

keep the floor clear or distribute tlie heat along a wall 

under the windows. With pipe and wages at their 

present level wall coils are more expensive than wall 

radiators which are more effective and coming more 

generally into use. 

When wall coils are to be employed along the lower 

part of the room, first compute the radiating surface 

in square feet by the rule for cast-iron radiators, and 

multiply by 0.9. Heating surface in this form is 

slightly more effective and it is not necessary to use 

quite so much. Square feet of surface may be reduced 

to linear feet of pipe by use of the following 

factors: 

Diameter of pipe to be 

used in coil Factor 

1-inch 3 

IVi " ^-3 

iy, " _ 

2 " 1.6 

Example: Fifty sq. ft. of lieating surface are required; 

how many linear feet of 114-in. pipe must a 

coil contain to give this amount of surface? 

Solution: 50 x 2.3 = 115. 

Heating coils hung near the ceiling are not so effective 

as when placed on the wall near the floor, as 

the warm air stays at the upper part of the room 

while the lower part remains cool. They are never 

used on the ceiling except in special cases, as when 

it is desired to keep the floors and walls clear or when 

necessary to bring the radiating surface above the 

water line of the boiler. 

When coils are to be used overhead' as noted above, 

first compute the required surface for cast-iron radiation, 

by the rule, and multiply the result by 1.5. 

Whenever a coil is used, provision must be made for 

expansion, as the pipes are not uniformly filled with 

steam when first starting up the fires, and some become 

hot and expand while other are still cold. 

Unequal expansion is provided for in different 

ways, one of the best consisting in carrying the coil 

around the corner of the room, if space permits. When 

this is impossible, a mitre coil, as shown in Fig. 6, 

may often be used where appearance is not important 

as in shops, stores, etc. When the length does not 

exceed 25 or 30 ft. a return bend or "trombone" coil 

may be employed, of the general form shown in Fig. 

7. The length of the expansion effort—"A" Fig. 6— 

should be about one-eighth of the longer portion of 

the coil. This also applies to cases where a wall 

coil is carried around the corner of a room. 

In rooms of ordinary size in dwelling houses the 

radiators mav be placed where most convenient. It 

is always best to go over this matter with the owners 

or architect, as it is desirable to avoid 

Location of interfering with furniture, etc. While, 

Radiators theoretically, a radiator should be 

placed in the coldest part of a room, 

this is not usually necessary in those of small and

lil) METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 23, 1920 

medium size, as the heat will soon find its way 

throughout the entire space by means of diffusion and 

convection current. 

In general, radiation for the upper hall of a dwelling 

house is best located on the first floor' as the heat 

tends to rise and pass up the stairway, and better results 

will usually be obtained by placing the entire 

amount of heating surface called for. both upstairs 

and down, on the first floor. 

In making up the radiators from the computed sizes 

it will, of course, be necessary to use a whole number 

of sections, and this will not usually give a surface 

exactly equal to the computed one. 

In cases of this kind use the number of sections 

which comes the nearest above the computed surface, 

unless the difference is very slight. For example, 

suppose each section contains 4 sq. ft. and 30 ft. of 

surface are required; use 8 sections, giving 32 sq ft. 

instead of 7 which would give only 28 sq. ft. 

(To be continued) 

A New Combustion Recorder 

Gives Simultaneous Graphic Chart 

of CO2 and CO. 

T T has been stated by those in position to know 

that often only 5 to 10 per cent of the energy 

liberated by coal under combustion becomes available 

for useful work due to unintelligent, neglectful and 

wasteful methods of firing- Few users realize the 

vital importance of the proper operation of drafts and 

dampers in obtaining high heating efficiency from coal 

and therefore many large heating installations are 

equipped with a flue gas analyzing apparatus for determining 

the percentage of gas present. 

Fig. 1. An Instrument That Aims at Simultaneous Record 

of CO, and CO in Flue Gas. 

There are many devices on the market for recording 

CO= and CO in flue gases separately and the 

bonus systems usually in force in the boilerroom are 

usually based upon the percentages of CO: determined 

by such instruments. Yet often the object of 

the system has been defeated by the fireman soon 

learning how to so manipulate the dampers as to 

produce a high CO: reading, which is generally taken 

as an indication of complete combustion whereas this 

is only true where no CO is present. 

The Mono monoxide recorder shown in Fi


Improvement Needed in the Form of a Perfectly 

Tight, Flexible Closet Flange 

Are Plumbers To-day as Progressive as 

Twenty Years Ago? 

HAVING just rounded out 40 full and faithful 

years in the plumbing business, I must be getting 

old, for to-day I drifted into a day dream, 

a retrospect—a sure sign of approaching age. In 

imagination the years trooped before me, each with a 

banner inscribed with the practices then in vogue, and 

the improvements brought about. 

The first few years of my apprenticeship were lean 

indeed when it came to improvements. We were doing 

work then about as they did it in Nero's time back 

in ancient Rome. Lead and solder was the formula 

which expressed the state of the art at that time. It 

was a craft, a skilled trade, where to-day it is an engineering 

business. But the plumbers of that time 

were progressive; so were the manufacturers, otherwise 

there would have been no advancement in the 

craft. Zinc and copper-lined bath tubs were the best 

to be had. The carpenter got more out of setting the 

tub than the plumber did. 

But improvement was lurking near by. The porcelain 

lined iron and porcelain bath tub was offered the 

trade by the manufacturers and the plumbers adopted 

them with one accord. They were progressive in 

By Neal A. Egan 

A Practical Plumber 

those days. 

The marble top, or the onyx top lavatory was the 

last word in elegance 20 years ago. Then came the 

vitreous china and the porcelain lined lavatories, and 

in less than a year they had driven the old oil-staining 

marble out of business. 

Those were manufacturers' improvements one might 

say, and in a measure they were so. Manufacturers 

at'that time were looking for and offering the best, 

and plumbers were only "too glad to accept the best. 

Now it would seem the plumbers and the manufacturers 

are willing to drift along on the prestige of their 

past accomplishments. 

What have plumbers contributed to plumbing practice 

within the past twenty years? Shall I say 

NOTHING? 

Traps, systems of venting and back venting, standards 

of weight and size, fresh-air ilets and main drain 

traps, all these were introduced and adopted by those 

who have passed before us. I can 

The Water- 

Connection 

Closet Floor 

not think of one contribution to 

plumbing practice within the past 20 

years. The fresh-air inlet and main 

drain trap have outlived their use 

fulness but are still retained in practice. Why? 

The old-time plumbers perfected everything they 

could in the drainage system—perfected everything 

but the verv insanitary, unworkmanlike and unsatis- 

factory putty joint at the closet connection. They 

would have perfected that, but nothing was offered by 

the manufacturers. There were no flexible metal-tometal 

connections in those days. 

One lonesome little improvement was left for their 

successors, and neither plumber nor manufacturer has 

risen to the occasion. The manufacturers almost made 

a goal, almost but not quite. They shortened the outlet 

horn of closets, then stopped short of furnishing 

that closet with a perfectly tight and permanently 

tight flexible flange. 

That is not the spirit of the manufacturer which 

gave us our superior plumbing fixtures. It is lacking 

in foresight, knowledge of the needs of the trade, 

progressiveness and that element of service which 

made it easy for early plumbers to adopt improvements 

because backed up by the manufacturers of the 

fittings needed. 

It is hard to believe that the manufacturers, the 

potters, who shortened the outlet horn, neglected at 

the same time to complete their incomplete fixtures 

by providing them witli a flexible metal-to-metal connection. 

By neglecting to do so they 

Fixtures actually stood in the way and barred 

Were Left progress. A metal-to-metal flange can 

Incomplete be had only through potters. One member 

of the flange is attached to the 

earthenware. The short outlet horn is capped like a 

crown tooth. Tlie jobber or plumber cannot purchase 

and attach the flanges for they are not sold to the 

jobbers or plumbers. Consequently the action of the 

potters was equivalent to saying: 

Here, you take this closet as we offer it without 

a flange, or take nothing. 

What they should have#done was to offer the closets 

either with or without a flexible flange. Then the 

plumbers exercising that old-time spirit of progressiveness 

could soon wipe the putty joint out of ex- 

istence 

It is not too late now. Let the potters adopt the 

policy either of putting a flange on every closet 

turned out, or offering to the trade stock closets with 

or without a metal-to-metal flange. If it is not on 

the market, it cannot be used. Get it started and it is 

up to the plumbers to do the rest. 

And the plumbers? Just leave it to them. The 

spirit of the old-timers is there still even if they did 

not leave us much to do. They have left us one blot 

to wipe out, and if the potters will only do their 

part, we will do the rest.


How to Adjust Bunsen Burners to Get Efficiency 

Some Troubles Experienced in Automatic Heaters 

Letters of a Plumber to His Helper 

Improper Working of Gas Water Heaters and Portable 

Room Heaters Often The Result of Poor Gas Supply 

Through Service Pipes Being Stopped With Frost 

WANT to know something about gas appliances. 

I There are quite a few in use in this town and 

the gas company does not now fit or repair them, 

although most of the appliances were sold by them 

when they sold gas fixtures as well as gas. The 

result is, that the plumbers now have to do any 

repairing or fitting of such things and none of the 

local plumbers seem to know very much about them. 

Recently there seems to have been an epidemic of 

trouble with gas water lieaters and this shop has 

had its sliare of the work, which has been done in a 

more or less—generally less—satisfactory way. 

HARRY. 

DEAR HARRY: 

I am inclined to think that much of the trouble 

you speak of in connection with gas water heaters is 

due to the cold weather. You are not so far away 

from us but that your weather conditions are almost 

the same as ours and this year we had severe frost 

before there was much snow to prevent 

Gas Water it going deep into the ground. The re- 

Heater suit is that a number of gas service pipes 

Trouble as well as water service pipes have been 

frozen or partly frozen. Such moisture 

as there is in the gas gathers on the walls of the 

pipes in the form of minute crystals of ice and the 

pressure and supplv is reduced very much. So you 

can see that with a reduced supply and pressure the 

adjustment of air and gas at the burners is altered 

and trouble develops. 

When a complaint is received that a gas water 

heater or a gas room heater is not giving satisfactorv 

service the first thing to look for is the amount of 

gas that is available. If there appears to be an am 

By William Hutton 

needle valve which is provided on some burners or 

by reducing the size of the aperture in the nozzle. 

If the water heater is of the instantaneous type 

which is set at the end of the bathtub to deliver hot 

water directly into the fixture, the burners may have 

become coated with soot through the use of too rich 

a mixture, the gauzes in the mixing chamber may be 

filled with dust so that air cannot pass freely through, 

or the top of the burner may be filled with carbon. 

A thorough cleaning will make them more efficient 

anyhow, so it is a good plan to look into this. If 

the heater is of the type connecting to the side of a 

range boiler see that the copper coils are clean. 

Deposits of carbon and other matters on the coils 

reduce the heat transmission very much and the use 

of a stiff wire brush will improve it. The same 

treatment for the burners as is recommended for bath 

heaters applies. 

House heaters are of such great variety that I cannot 

give you advice which will apply to all. Most 

radiators and small round heaters use gas without 

any admixture of air. If the gas supply is insufficient 

the flame at the burners will be reduced and of necessity 

the heating will be lowered. If they have become 

stopped, clean out the burners or 

Be Assured fit new ones. If the heater is of the 

of Good newer type burning gas and air with a 

Flame blue flame, see that the mixture is right 

and the color of the the flame will be 

your guide as in the water heaters. Remember that 

there is a point at which the flame has the highest 

efficiency. If it is too "soft" even although it is not 

yellow or smoky, tlie heating efficiency will be low 

ered. So if you can get a snappy flame with a good 

ple supply the burner itself may be at fault, but first cone in the center of it, which will not "pop" when 

make sure that the supply is sufficient. If it is nob lighting or shutting off the supply, you will find that 

the flame probably will light back into the mixing the heater will give satisfaction. 

chamber of the burner. If there are lighting fixtures Then you have the automatic heaters which operate 

tlie reduced illumination is cut down by reason of by the pressure of water in the service pipes. Tliese 

freezing in the service pipes. 

are connected direct to the fixtures and a diaphragm 

When there is a proper mixture of gas and air, a valve operates the gas supply when the opening of a 

bunsen burner will produce a clear flame approach faucet reduces the water pressure and so allows the 

ing a violet color with a greenish cone in the center. gas valve to lift. 

If the whole flame is hard and blue there is too 

much air for the amount of gas passing through, 

In addition to the pressure operation, such lieaters 

often have a thermostatic control so that if the water 

and closing the air shutter will help it if the gas 

pressure is normal. 

should become overheated by slow drawing while the 

gas flame is in full operation, the thermostatic valve 

If the flame shows tinges of yellow there is too will shut off the gas until the temperature of the 

much gas being used and the air shutter should be water has been lowered to the point at which the 

opened more. If opening the air shutter to the limit heater has been designed to supply it. 

does not improve the flame and yellow still sliows, These, as you will find, are somewhat harder to ad 

the gas nozzle should be adjusted, either by the just as there are more things to go wrong with them.


Studv the makers' directions, which almost always are 

found hung near to the heater if the owner is ordinarily 

careful of his property. The by-pass or pilot 

light in the heater has to be cleaned from time to time 

as it becomes carbonized and it is well to see that this 

is working properly first. Then try out the burners 

to see that the flame is right. If the burners work 

properly when the valve allows the gas valve to open 

and a sufficient supply of hot water is not given, see 

if the heating surfaces are not foul. If the valves do 

not operate properly they may need new packings or 

cleaning of plungers with fine emery cloth. The relief 

hole in the plunger may be stopped if the gas 

keeps on burning after the water faucet has been 

shut off. 

If, after you have the heater working well, there 

is still a complaint that the water is not hot enough 

or that too much gas is required to provide the amount 

of hot water required, see if the heater 

Heater has been set correctly. There may be 

Should Be long runs of piping losing heat or stor- 

Properly Set ing up a large amount of water which 

must be drawn off before hot water 

comes at the faucets. If this is so, advise the changing 

of the piping so as to obviate this loss as much as 

possible. 

If you do not understand the working of the heater, 

get a diagram from the maker before you begin to 

make any adjustments requiring taking it apart. Then 

you will be able to understand the mechanism and 

appreciate when it is working as it ought to be. 

Sorry if this answer is somewhat sketchy. It cannot 

be otherwise when applied to heaters unless some 

particular type is referred to and then the working 

parts could be described. But at least it may serve 

to show you what.should be looked for when trouble 

is reported and, as I said before, you probably will 

find that insufficient gas supply is the reason for 

vour present "epidemic. ' 

LEN A. HAND. 

The Public Protected by Plumbing Law 

People realize the benefit they derive from the 

laws and regulations that have been procured by 

plumbers when they are shown so that they see and 

understand them. Then who should do the teaching 

To protect their own interests the plumbers 

must do it or their customers will support the contention 

of their builders, who say plumbing costs 

too much because it must be done in an unnecessary 

way as brought about by the plumber. If the people 

are told all about it, the bad influence now being 

exerted by the builders will fail. 

In Raleigh, N. C> the authorities are proceeding 

along correct lines for the public welfare as the 

following from a local paper indicates: 

In the future, all plumbers applying for license to follow 

their trade in the city must stand examination before a 

regular board of plumbing examiners. If they pass the 

required tests, they will be granted a license. They must 

qualify regardless of whether they hold a union card. 

The commissioners are preparing an ordinance governing 

the new plumbing plans, but Commissioner Bray has already 

submitted the names of John Thiem, Eric Hill and 

C A Bridgers as members of the examining board. 

In carrying out strict plumbing inspection in the future, 

Commissioner Bray has added an assistant plumbing inspector, 

who will aid Inspector John Thiem in seeing that 

every inch of plumbing in the city is properly installed. 

The new assistant is F. H. Howell, who receives a salary 

of $1,800 per annum. 

The new plans will be important to property owners and 

will insure high-grade plumbing at all times. 

Cleveland Storm Center for Sanitary 

Codes 

The labor relations committee of the Chamber of 

Commerce, in a report made on the plumbers' strike 

which began June 1, arraigns the whole system under 

which the plumbing trade operates in the Cleveland 

district. 

The committee declares: 

1. That the plumbing business virtually is 

dominated by the plumbers' union. 

2. That the plumbing code by requiring the 

licensing of journeymen plumbers makes it possible 

to limit the number of men in the trade 

here to a point far short of the demand. 

3. That the rules and regulations of the 

union contribute to the difficulties of employing 

men and add to the labor costs in construction. 

4. That the restriction of the number of 

men in the trade here has led to "abnormal and 

unjustifiable competition" among the employers 

to get men regardless of wage scale agreements. 

5. That there exists in the plumbing industry 

a condition which is a menace to all building 

operations in Cleveland and an example of the 

danger lurking in the closed shop plan. 

The committee declares the blame for the conditions 

which have made this situation possible rests as 

much with the contractors who made unwise agreements 

as with the unions. 

It does not enter into the merits of the present 

wage demands of the plumbers' union ($12 a day 

with all tools furnished), stating it prefers instead 

to show facts as to actual working conditions. 

It does condemn the plumbers' union for unwillingness 

to accept arbitration of its demands under the 

agreement of the Building Trades Council with the 

Building Trades Employers' Association. 

And, specifically, it recommends the immediate repeal 

of those sections of the present plumbing code 

in Cleveland which require the licensing of journey 

men plumbers. 

The committee submits statements of union officials 

and employers to show: 

1. That a journeyman plumber cannot get 

work in Cleveland until he has obtained the red 

card which shows he has passed the examination 

under the city code. 

2. That although the codes of suburban cities 

do not contain anv such restrictions, union regulations 

prevent the employment of such men 

anywhere in Greater Cleveland unless they have 

complied with the Cleveland requirements.

1(1. METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

3. That it takes two to three weeks in many 

cases to pass the examinations and get the cards 

and that therefore many plumbers have been 

unwilling to come to Cleveland even when offered 

jobs here. 

1. That despite the fact the city has had a 

July 23, 192. 

building boom for several years past the number 

of plumbers licensed has not increased sub- 

stan tially. 

The number of plumbers in the last four years, report 

says, has been as follows: 1917, 801; 1918, 

684; 1919, 719; 1920, 720. 

Self Confidence and Nerve 

Both of These Characteristics Very Apparent in The 

National Association of Master Plumbers 

M O S T people, who make a success of anything, 

arc possessed of two qualities that have more 

or les-, to do with their achievements. The 

same is true of a body of men, and in the National 

Master Plumbers' Association there are present the 

qualities that have made for the success of the American 

Army in France, the reason why Alvin York was 

acclaimed the war's most notable here, and a whole 

basketful of such things. 

One thing that adds to the success of anybody is 

a grain or two of self-confidence and a dash of nerve. 

One i.s hardly present without the otlier and evidently 

master plumbers are supplied with both. This is not 

a knock but a boost and a similar spirit in other organizations 

would add to the power of the association 

and go far toward the building of a courage that 

would not ebb when reverses come, sometimes all but 

too thick.' Both of the qualities are evident to those 

who have kept pace with the success of the National 

Master Plumbers' Association after passing through 

their recent crisis. 

Some of the people besides the members of the 

master plumbers' organization have a hunch that the 

National Bureau of Standardization of iilumbing materials 

and installation will attain results because of 

those same qualities. Great is the work contemplated. 

Standardization means economy and efficiency in both 

theory and practice. However, efficiency should not 

be sacrificed for false economy. 

It behooves each organization interested in standardization 

to give that active support and cooperation 

so necessary to secure the results demanded. Organizations 

are very much like trees, houses, cows 

and human beings, too, for we know that nothing in 

this world stands still and lives. If a tree is alive, 

or a boy is alive and kicking, there is constant growth. 

When a tree or boy or organization stands still and 

fails to grow or change, it dies. There are dead organizations 

just as every once in a while when we are 

out walking we come to a dead tree, but we don't want 

our American Society of Sanitary Engineering to 

stand still and become a dead one. 

At our last annual meeting we pledged the standardization 

bureau our support. Your committee is on 

the job and expects the support and cooperation of 

*President American Society of Sanitary Engineering. 

By Major William C. Groeniger* 

each individual member. The National Bureau of 

Standardization of Plumbing Materials has adopted 

the recommendation of the Sanitary Potters' Association, 

eliminating "the horn waste opening of closets." 

This action has brought forth considerable criticisms. 

None of the criticisms offered that have been 

brought to my attention warrant a reconsideration of 

this all-important question. In fact, most of the 

criticisms offered against the elimination of the "horn 

waste opening" emphasize the necessity and importance 

of a fool-proof closet connection, the isrojection 

horn of which has little or no bearing. Most of the 

criticisms and objections coming from the trade are 

mechanical and irrelevant to the elimination of the 

projection horn. We welcome your condemnations 

and commendations. 

O .MUAJJ JU> LrJ C-i4j 

Melt together equal parts of 

shellac, white resin and car 

bolic acid in crystals; add the 

ast after the others are melted.


Sheet Metal Used to Protect Moving Picture Films 

Fig. 1.—Fireproof Building with Sheet Metal Ceiling 

and Film Boxes Shown in Lett Foreground. 

Absolute Safety Assured When Surrounded by Sheet Metal 

and Other Fireproof Material 

T H E demand for fireproof building construction increases 

each year and, with the advent of new industries, 

new uses for it develop. The moving picture 

film producer has been one of the most recent to 

realize its advantages and utilize them. 

Sheet metal is recognized as one of the best fireproof 

materials and from the beginning films have 

been carried about in a metal receptacle. But now a 

film exchange, where numbers of these films must be 

constantlv stored, has gone even further and in addition 

to' occupying a fireproof building with sheet 

metal ceiling, as shown in Fig. 1, has had erected 

inside terra cotta brick vaults, concrete and covered 

and ventilated, where films still in their sheet metal 

boxes can be stored with absolute safety. Iheir extreme 

inflammability and value fully justify these apparently 

excessive precautions. 

This building is located on Vernon Avenue, just 

north of Webster Avenue in Long Island City, and 

will be occupied bv the Lloyd Film Storage Corporation. 

It is constructed of brick, measures 50 x 200 x 

I5I/2 ft. and has large sliding doors at both ends. 

Originallv designed for a garage, it still has the general 

outside earmarks of such, since the chief changes 

in the plans have been only the omission of a gasoline 

tank and the erection of storage vaults. 

On the five-plv tar and gravel roof, as shown in 

Fig 2 are twelve No. 24 galvanized iron wire glass 

skylights, 5 v 10 ft. each, with ridge vent. The two 

5-in. copper leaders running from roof to the ground. 

are trapped at the foot and connected to a common 

drain The sheet metal work throughout the building 

was done by the A. H. Jeter & Co., 35 Webster 

Avenue, Long Island City, N. Y. 

The 1-in. deep concrete floor has 5 in. of cinder 

as bedding and is provided with a 3-in. drain and 

trap, piped through an oil separator to the public 

sewer. The ceiling is made up of No. 26 gage "V" 

crimped galvanized iron sheets' laid on V_X n - wall 

board, nailed to the spruce roof beams. 

Along the south side of the building have been 

erected three sets of two vaults each. Fig. 2 shows 

them in the process of construction, one near the front 

being practically completed. Each set measures 

7V2 x 19V_ x 8 ft. and is constructed of fireproof terra 

cotta brick covered with concrete. A center wall 

equally divides the compartment and the resulting 

Fig. 

Strong and S'imply Installed Wall Radiator 

*> Hanger. 

vaults are back ventilated to the roof to reduce the 

danger of spontaneous combustion of the stored films. 

The films are all placed in sheet metal boxes such as 

are piled against the vault at the right of Fig. 2 and 

there is also a pile of the boxes on the floor at the left. 

In the rear south corner of the building is the office,

IOC METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 23, 1920 

Fig. Skylight Arrangement with Detail of Construction 

while the only excavated section is directly beneath. 

This basement is 16 x 18 ft.and contains the source of 

the building's heat. A steam heating system consisting 

of a Thatcher Progress No. 728 boiler, as shown 

in Fig 3, having triangular grates of 8.8 sq. ft. area 

and 14 wall radiators distributed about the building on 

two heating circuits, has been installed. Rising directly 

upward from the boiler to within a few feet of 

the ceiling of the main floor is the supply main which 

there divides into two 2-in. branches, one line continuing 

straight along one side of the building, as shown 

overhead at the right in Fig. 1. The other line, after 

a right angle turn around the office, crosses the building 

and runs along other wall, where at end it drops 

down and connects with the last radiator, as shown in 

Fig. 4. 

The fourteen wall radiators are 5 or 10-section 

units. Each section has 9 sq. ft. of radiating surface, 

so that they expose 45 and 90 sq. ft., respectively. 

Along the wall at the right in Fig. 1 are three 10-section 

and two 5-section radiators. At both the front 

and rear is a 10-section unit placed on opposite sides 

of the door, while the office requires only a 5-section 

radiator. Six 10-section units are located equi-distant 

along the other side wall. This arrangement gives a 

total radiating surface of 1,135 sq. ft. for the main 

floor, of which 45 sq. ft. are in the office. 

The office measures 16 sq. ft. and 15% ft. high. It 

has two exposed walls, or a total exposed surface of 

16 x 15^2 x2 = 496 sq. ft. There is a transom door 

3 x0y2 ft. and a transom double window 6x 10 ft., 

making a total glass surface of 88 sq. ft. If 4 sq. ft. 

of wall are equal to 1 sq. ft. of glass surface, then 

4,9g — 88 -f- 4 gives the total wall surface equal to 

102 sq. ft. of glass surface. Therefore the total E. G. 

S. equal^02 -f- 88 or 190jsq. ft. 

Assuming each square foot of E. G. S. loses 85 B. t. 

u. per hour, then the total loss would be 16,150 B. t. u. 

per hour. For 70 deg. temperature indoors against 

zero outdoors, wall radiators give off 250 B. t. u. per 

hour per sq. ft. of radiating surface. Then the total 

radiation in this room will be 45 X 250 = 11,250 B. t. 

u. per hour. The 4,900 B. t. u. difference between the 

heat losses (16,150, and the heat radiated (11,250), is 

made up by the heat radiated from the piping and 

boiler directly beneath this office. 

When conditions like this are present, it is good 

practice to take that source of heat into account and 

make a reasonable allowance. This will save on radi 

ator installation and prevent excessively 

high temperatures being produced in 

the room. 

The total radiating surface distributed 

about the rest of the building is 

sufficient to maintain the large main 

floor at the comfortable temperature of 

55 Fahr. in zero weather. 

The radiators are attached to the 

wall by the specially designed and effective 

hanger shown in Fig. 5, made of 

No. 12 gage wrought iron by A. H. 

Jeter & Co. It is cut out in a press and 

formed to a right angle with holes for 

lag screws to fasten on to the wall. 

The other end is cut in a semi-circle to 

fit under the connection between sections 

of the radiator. 

Tlie overhead drop feed system is used for connecting 

the radiators. Piping drops down from the overhead 

main and connects at the top of the radiator, as 

shown in Fig. 4, while the return from the opposite 

end connects with the dry return main laid in a covered 

ditch or trench along the side wall. Eaeh radiator 

has the usual steam supply and air valve and just 

before the return connects with the return main in the 

pit, a swinging check valve is set in place to prevent 

any back-up of the return. 

The 5 x 10-ft. skylights located on the roof are 

made of No. 24 galvanized iron. As shown in Fig. 2, 

Fig. 4. Showing Connections to a Wall Radiato r Hung 

on Two Jeter Hangers.

July 23, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUM 

they have a ridge vent, ^-in. thick wired glass, 2 2-in. 

gutter and a square leader. The sides are pivoted to 

swing open for ventilation and are controlled from inside 

of the building. 

As a final fire protection precaution a sprinkler system 

has been installed and since the vaults occupy 

only a small part of the available space on the main 

Fig. 3. Steam Boiler Showing Supply Main in Rear and 

Return in Foreground. 

floor, the remainder will be used as a workshop and 

quarters for the inspection and winding of the films. 

More Zinc Used in Government Paints 

Standard Paint Specifications, under which the 

Government is recommended hereafter to purchase 

paints for use of the Army, Navy and other departments, 

have been determined upon by the Inter-Departmental 

Committee for the Standardization of 

Paint Specifications. The decision which resulted 

from months of investigation and tests, is being 

brought to the attention of the trade by the New 

Jersey Zinc Co., 160 Front Street, New York City, 

includes the following: 

Two features are significant: First, the importance 

of zinc oxide in increasing proporfions is recognized 

by paint technologists on the committee; second, the 

latitude afforded by the specifications permits a large 

field of paint manufacturers to compete for Govern 

ment business. 

The pigment proportions of the specifications fol 

low: 

Minimum Maximum 

Percentage Percentage 

Zinc Oxide _ - - - - - 3° 55 

Lead (total, including either one or 

mixture of carbonate and sulphate) 45 70 

Inerts and colors - - 0 "* 

The purpose of these specifications is to provide 

for the purchase of prepared paints generally available 

in any section of the country without requiring 

paint manufacturers to make up special batches*. It is 

believed these specifications will include the formulae 

of the majority of high grade paints on the market. 

Of particular interest to paint manufacturers and 

ERANDSTEAMFITTER 107 

users is the high proportion of zinc oxide introduced 

into the Government formula. Tliis is regarded as one 

of the most sweeping official acknowledgments of this 

pigment's utility in paint yet recorded. Less than ten 

years ago, except in the Navy and lighthouse service, 

no zinc oxide was included in paints used by the 

Government. Zinc oxide now composes 60 per cent 

of the pigment of Battleship gray paint that covers 

battleships and other U. S. naval craft. 

American produced zinc oxide, however, has helped 

to paint the British navy for 50 years; while F"rance 

has been an exponent of zinc in paint for a long 

period, it was not until technical experts urged a mixture 

of zinc oxide in paint that Washington took official 

notice of it. 

Now, the Capitol Dome is covered with paint, containing 

zinc so that rust may be deterred; army cantonments 

are clothed with zinc paint, both inside and 

out, and during the war, zinc paint aided in camouflaging 

the big field guns in France as well as transports 

and battleships. 

Recognition of Zinc's efficiency has been a factor in 

the greatly increased popularity of ready-mixed 

paints. The durability of such paints make their use 

economical and they possess other advantageous qualities 

that commend them to users. 

High-grade, ready-mixed paints include varying 

proportions of zinc oxide which range from 30 to 55 

per cent. The liberal limits allowed by the Inter- 

Departmental Committee, however, insure the zinc 

portion being close to the higher figure inasmuch as 

zinc possesses great oil absorption properties and 

gives paint increased covering power. 

Zinc paint also possesses color constancy. It has a 

tough, hard film. 

Tools For Turning Radiator Valve Spuds 

By SKRAV 

TVT O man can be a first-class mechanic who stays in 

one shop all the time. He must get new ideas 

from other mechanics in his own line either by word 

of mouth or in print. There was a time when tinners 

served 7 years as apprentices and then were supposed 

to travel 3 years longer working under instructions 

before they could call themselves tradesmen or "journeymen." 

This journeying from one place to another 

is probably how the word "journeyman" came about. 

I often wonder what the boys of to-day would 

think of going through such a school. Luckily for 

them it is not necessary. They can cut their apprenticeship 

in two by a careful study of their trade papers 

because all they could learn on the road will be found 

sooner or later printed for their special benefit. 

Such knowledge generally comes in small packages, 

but mechanical ability consists of a lot of small things. 

Here is one: 

I watched a steam fitter trying to take the spud ot

108 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 23. 1920 

a radiator valve out of the radiator a short time ago. 

As you probably know, there are two projections opposite 

each other on the inside of each nipple spud 

for the purpose of turning it in and out. This man 

had a file, a chisel and a couple of nails stuck into 

the spud to make the file fit. He used a Trimo 

wrench (a bad thing for the wrench, by the way) on 

the file and monkeyed around until he broke the file. 

Then I left. 

Now in our shop we have two simple little tools 

that are just the thing for this purpose whicli we 

always carry with us on new or old work. The illustration 

shows about all that is necessary so that anyone 

can make them. However, it may be well to say 

that one is made 5js in. long and 1 15-16 in. wide 

© 

'__ 

\S\ 

Tools for Turning Radiator Valve Spuds. 

at one end and 1 7-16 in. at the other, and is used for 

2 and I'X-in. valves and the other is made 4^ in. 

long and 1 3-16 in. wide at one end and 1 5-16 in. 

at the other, and is used for \\'T, and 1-in. valves. 

They are made of steel. The holes are used to carry 

them on a rong. The thickness is Y% in. The other 

shape and dimensions are as shown. 

Sheet Metal for Fire Protection 

It will be a gratification to all in the sheet metal 

industry, certainly sheet metal workers, to note that 

the National Fire Protection Association in an illustrated 

circular has the following to say in behalf of 

sheet metal construction. One of the illustrations 

sliows a standard fire door under which is this caption: 

In a large paper warehouse in which everything in one 

section was destroyed by fire, a line of standard tin-clad 

fire doors effectively protected all stories of the adjoining 

section. The aceonipanying photograph shows one of the 

doors. Self-releasing timbers saved the walls from wreck, 

and the doors kept the fire in the burning section. Note 

the integrity of the standard hardware and the unwarped 

body of the door, due to its well-selected lumber and proper 

nailing. Nothing happened to it but the bite the fire took 

out of the core exposed in the little round gas-vent. 

Tlie following extracts are from the circular: 

We cannot be expected to tear down our cities and rebuild 

them of fire-resisting material; the cities must be protected 

a.s they stand. In the heart of nearly every city there are 

streets crossing at right angles, along which for a very 

considerable distance are buildings of brick, stone and concrete. 

This shows a more or less complete Maltese -;ross 

of buildings which are not wood and which operate to divide 

the wooden-built district into quarter sections, and which 

might hold a fire in any one of these sections if they were 

equipped to do so. These brick and stone buildings are 

ordinarily valueless as firestops, because their windows are 

of thin glass and tlieir window frames of wood. At Baltimore 

and San Francisco the conflagration attacked such 

buildings easily, breaking out the panes, consuming the 

frames, and converting every story of these structures into 

horizontal flues full of combustible contents. Brick and 

stone buildings are logical and capable firestops if the fire 

can be kept out of them. The small city that will trace out 

its Maltese cross of such buildings and equip them with 

metal window frames and wired glass or standard fire 

shutters will immediately possess the equivalent of substantial 

fire walls crossing at right angles in its center, 

dividing it into four sections. By such a simple, inexpensive, 

but yet strategic procedure, many a city may save 

itself from the destruction which now awaits only the right 

kind of a fire on the right kind of a night. 

We have referred in this plan merely to the smaller cities, 

but it is obvious that this form of protection is especially 

imperative in the brick, stone and concrete districts of all 

large cities where valuable goods are housed in close proximity. 

Fires in the large cities entail an enormous waste 

because of the great values assembled there. We must come 

eventually to the equipment of all commercial, factory and 

office buildings with metal window frames and wired glass. 

This will mean the abolition of the conflagration hazard in 

our cities. Fires will then be unit fires, extinguished easily 

by a competent fire department within the building in which 

they originate; for the protection of window openings not 

only prevents fire from entering, but prevents fire from 

issuing out of the burning building. We may expect an occasional 

exceedingly hot fire to break down the defense of 

an adjoining building, but it is obvious that a conflagration 

could not get under way among buildings of fire-resistive 

construction with properly protected window openings. 

Whether exposed to possible fire from adjacent buildings 

or not, there should be no wooden frames or trim about the 

windows, for under strong draught fire frequently creeps 

up outside from story to story by means of the windows, 

consuming the wood trim and igniting contents of the building 

on each floor. Metal window frames are now so constructed 

that they will stand very considerable exposure 

to fire without buckling or releasing the glass, and their 

liberal use in all varieties of buildings is greatly to be 

desired. The sashes may be operated as conveniently as 

those of any other window. It is of course possible for 

heat to radiate through tliose windows and sometimes ignite 

combustible goods inside, but where the exposure is especially 

severe a tin clad wooden shutter back of the window 

inside the building will afford almost perfect heat msulation 

from outside fire attack. 

As outside wall-opening protection may be afforded in 

this manner the spread of fire inside buildings may also be 

checked by proper equipment of inside wall openings with 

standard fire doors, of which there are several varieties, any 

of which if properly installed in a fire wall will confine "a 

fire to the burning section. 

The persistence of sweeping fires, inside and out, can 

only be due to the indifference of those who might stop 

them. The physical means of stopping them are simple and 

effective, and the citizen who by such means converts a 

building of horizontal flues into a fire barrier may at any 

moment prove the saviour of his city. 

"So she married a plumber?" 

Plumb Ridiculous 

"Yes, and he wears a plug instead of a cap. As a 

result of the union he buys nipples by the dozen and 

works like 'ell applying grease to his elbows at high 

pressure. He never fusses with tees on account of 

leaky check valves in his heart. He claims he fell 

into an ideal trap and hasn't been able to thread his 

way out. His marriage is no pipe, its a coupling, but 

his poeketbook hasn't leaked so fast since he made a 

tight joint with the union."


Thermometer and Sprinkler System Protest 

During Value Determination Test 

Inside Casings of Pipeless Furnaces 

T H E R E are a number of manufacturers who are 

The results found and conclusions arrived at 

are given in the report of E .C. Anderson, 

manager of furnace department, of Buck's. 

Stove & Range Co., St. Louis, Mo. 

selling pipeless furnaces without casings, simply 

shipping the castings and allowing the dealer to 

manufacture his own casing. We have felt sure that 

these manufacturers did not realize the importance 

of the proper construction of the inside casing on a 

pipeless furnace. We were convinced of this because 

of the large variation discovered in the circulation 

and in the efficiency of the different makes of 

furnaces that we tested when we brought out the 

present line of Buck's furnaces. 

Recently one of our travelers sent in an order for 

some pipeless furnaces without casing. In order to 

see whether we were fanatical or not in regard to our 

views we tested the matter out thoroughly as follows: 

The test started just after lunch. The paper that started 

the kindling was weighed, also the kindling and coal, and 

a record was made of the time and number of pounds of 

coal put on the fire as the test went along. Readings were 

taken every 15 min. on the velocity and the temperature 

of the air'coming from the register; also the temperature 

of the outside casing at a point half way between the 

register and the bottom of the furnace. This test continued 

all afternoon, and the fire was held over night to 

run the test all the next day. 

The furnace was then uncased and an inside casing was 

put on, made only of black iron, without any air space, 

without anv lining, or, in other words, the crudest inside 

casing that' could be conceived. In other words, the 16 in. 

asbestos board and the corrugated iron that is used on 

the construction of inside casing of Buck furnace, was removed. 

This iron used in latter furnace, it is interesting 

to note, is made up in a special machine which makes a 

sharp edge, making the point of the contact with mam 

easing the verv least that is possible to have. The asbestos 

board is placed between the flat casing sheet and the corrugated 

iron and is not pasted to the casing but is held in 

there loosely by means of the rivets going through between 

the two casings. 

After the poor inside casing had been put in place the 

firing tests of previous day were duplicated. The fire was 

built at exactly the same time with exactly the same amount 

of paper, kindling and coal. It was replenished at exactly 

the same time and exactly the same number of pounds of 

coal, or, in other words, the operation was duplicated so 

far as producing heat was concerned. 

All the 15-min. readings are not given but, the high points 

of the two tests will be given. The first is the test of furnace 

with good inside casing. 

With the furnace running at the highest possible speed 

the air velocity coming from the register was T95 ft. per 

minute. The hotter the furnace got the faster the air circulated, 

which was as it should be. The hottest temperature 

of the outside casing was 190 deg. The temperature of 

the air coming from the register was 410 deg. 

This test was a duplication of the firing method exactly 

and readings as in the first test were at same intervals. 

After 15 min and then at the end of the next 15 min. or 30 

min after the fire had been started it was found in both 

of these tests that tlie speed of the air was increasing. 

But at the end of 45 min., or at the time to take he third 

reading in the second test it was found that thc speed of 

the air had dropped down to the point 

Test of Fur- where it was between the readings taken 

. , p 

at the end of 15 and the end of 30 min. 

nace with foor F m m that tiftl(1 on the circulation 

Inside Casing dropped back until it became so low 

that when the furnace was running at a 

good rate of speed, it dropped down to only 160 ft. per 

minute. The outside casing raised to the extreme temperature 

of 375 deg. Not only did the air slow down and not 

only did the heat go out through the casings, but the circulation 

of the air was so slow and so poor it did not carry 

the heat away from the castings, and the furnace became 

so hot that it was feared that it would melt and run. The 

thermometer that was used at the register line only recorded 

up to 642 deg. and the circulation of the air was so 

slow through the furnace that it became so overheated it 

broke the thermometer because of the expansion of the 

mercury in the thermometer. 

A few minutes after the thermometer broke thc room 

became so hot that it melted off one of the heads of the 

sprinkling system and a flood of water came down which 

stopped the test and automatically turned in the fire alarm. 

It was very plain to see the difference between a 

good inside casing on a furnace and a poor one. 

About 3 years ago the furnace industry of the 

United States dropped to the lowest point on account 

of the poor installation of pipe furnaces. 

Along came the pipeless furnace which gave the 

us*er more heat for less money in the way of fuel, bet 

ter distribution of heat than was the case in many 

poorly installed pipe jobs. 

We do not say, by any means, that a pipe job can 

not be put in that is better than a pipeless job. But 

we do want to take things as they are and say frankly 

that the poor pipe jobs far outnumber the good ones. 

The public is only interested in results. They have 

come to a conclusion that pipe jobs are not satisfac 

tory and are demanding pipeless furnaces, so that the 

pipeless furnace industry has grown to large volume. 

We predict, if the manufacturer does not build a real 

inside lining and insists that this be used on each and 

every one of his pipeless furnaces, that we have 

reached the high point in the pipeless furnace busi 

ness and that it will begin to drop off and the business 

will depreciate the same as it did several years 

ago on account of poor installations of pipe jobs. 

Airplane Engine Silencer 

It has been announced from Geneva that a silencer 

for airplane engines, more highly developed than an 

automobile muffler, is announced by a Swiss airplane 

firm as the invention of its chief engineer.


American Expert Responds to Request 

of English Heating Contractor 


Inside Air Supply Avoids Dust and Dirt That Are 

Largely Due to Bad Work 

F'T is a pleasure to acknowledge one response from 

-*• American furnace engineers to the strictures made 

on furnace heating by an English house and fur 

ther suggestions will be gladly presented. The fol 

lowing is from John Lynch, representative of the 

Estate Stove Co. in the Southern territory: 

Messrs. F. A. NORRIS & Co., 

11-12 St. Andrews Hill, 

Queen Victoria Street, 

London. Eng. 

GENTLEMEN: , 

The editor of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER ANO 

STEAM FITTER invites replies to your recent communication 

presented in the issue of July 2 outlining 

past experiences with warm-air furnaces in England. 

Being located in a portion of the United States with 

climatic conditions similar to yours, the writer may 

perhaps bring out some of your possible troubles and 

remedies for them. 

The state of Mississippi, which is in my district, 

lies in the southern part of the United States and the 

lower Mississippi Valley. Parts of it are so moist 

that we have to install our furnaces above ground. 

All portions of it are quite humid. The state has 

very little snow and its average winter temperature 

is around freezing. There are no records of below 

zero weather. 

House heating in the past has largely been by open 

fires. As you probably know, the closed stove is almost 

universally used in the United States for heating 

where there are no furnaces, but this state follows 

your English fashion of using grates. We have 

made a great many warm-air installations in Mississippi, 

which give perfect satisfaction, many of them 

having replaced hot water and steam jobs. A preference 

is arising for air heat because it is more responsive 

to temperature changes, is more economical 

and is simpler to run. Price receives very little consideration. 

I believe it is an established fact that water and 

steam heating plants can only show economy with 

continuous operation. Warm air can be operated intermittently 

as economically as continuously. 

The complaints you make against the furnaces you 

installed were formerly made against similar systems 

in our district. But since we introduced the recirculation 

type of furnace, with an adequate humidifier, and 

have seen that our piping is tight, we have no complaints 

of dust and soot. 

The use of outside air is based on fallacious ideas 

Dust and dirt from the outside atmosphere is necessarily 

drawn into the house and deposited on the 

walls, draperies, furniture, etc. If inside air only is 

used, no dirt will be introduced, and if humidity conditions 

are kept right, less dust will be stirred up than 

by exposed water and steam radiators. 

Warm Air 

Leaks out thru 

Walks rops to RepJoc^ v\ I ' 

1 \C-p\a Air Drawn A, V ' 

into Furnace ) 

Cold'——-»T~»>* I50"F 

Air Pis placed ~\V70° F. t 

RECIRCULATING 

Outside 

rAir. Cf. 

With the Outside Air Supply at Zero Arranged as Shown 

in Upper Diagram an Additional 1% B. t. u. per 

Cubic Foot Is Required When Air Supply Is Arranged 

as in Lower Diagram. 

Decidedly less fuel is required for a recirculating 

system and a much better distribution of heat is obtained 

because of the natural circulation induced by 

the displacement of warmer and colder air currents. 

1 am presenting a drawing illustrating circulation in 

buildings heated with recirculating installation compared 

to one with outside air. You can plainly see 

that such a job has all the advantages in cleanliness


of a water job, with greater economy, more flexible 

operation and less likelihood of trouble. 

You make complaint that even though outside dirt 

is not carried in, dust may deposit in the air-ducts. 

It is our experience that less dust is deposited in airducts 

than around radiation required in same sized 

house. A register offers much less area for dust deposit 

than an 8-column, 38-in. radiator, and if the 

air is even approximately moist, is less likely to throw 

it out into the atmosphere. 

In Mississippi, owing to the low barometric pressure, 

our chimneys smoke oftener than they do in 

drier sections, and furnaces erected carelessly may 

throw smoke into the air. But inasmuch as smoking 

is due to shoddy workmanship and has no relationship 

with the method of heating, it can be dismissed by 

stating that any type of device burning any sort of 

fuel, and transmitting the heat in any way, will smoke 

if proper draft is not provided. 

From your reading of American publications you no 

doubt know of the wide popularity of the "Pipeless" 

furnace. Its success is largely due to its being a recirculating 

device. A pipeless furnace using outside 

air would be a failure. Obviously, then, any heating 

installation operated under the same basic physical 

laws is at a disadvantage unless supplied with an 

inside intake only. 

Without doubt you know the law regarding proper 

size cold-air intake and warm-air pipe. I give it here 

under the possibility you may not: 

The cold-air intake must equal or exceed the total areas 

of all heat pipes, and heat pipes must not exceed in total 

area the smallest free area within the furnace casing. 

The writer feels certain that if you install a good 

furnace with an adequate humidifier and use only inside 

air, you will find a reversal of opinion among 

your customers with regard to warm-air heat, as 

strong as we have achieved in this district. 

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER has 

had a number of discussions regarding to use of sidewall 

and baseboard registers, and their advantages 

over floor registers. It is difficult to make installations 

of wall or baseboard register in large halls, 

but in dwellings I prefer them where possible. I 

also prefer to take my cold air through a grill or 

register face set in the side wall, rather than in the 

floor, though theoretically, it is not so good. There 

is certainly an advantage from a standpoint of clean 

liness. — 

That warm-air heating is the ideal is readily shown 

by the increasing use of indirect systems where steam 

is used. If your trade likes the indirect steam system, 

they should readily take to the warm-air installation 

of the better sort. 

You will, no doubt, receive a number of replies 

from American furnacemen, who have nothing but 

praise for warm air, and I am sure will have many 

features presented to you that will clear away the 

causes of former complaints. 

I trust you may be able to develop your warm-air 

business to the popularity it deserves and reap the 

profit that comes to him who best serves bis fellow 

men - Yours sincerely 

JOHN LYNCH, 

Southern District, Estate Stove Co. 

Efficiency of Natural Gas Burners 

Robert F. Earhart, of the Ohio State University, 

read a paper before the recent meeting of the American 

Society of Mechanical Engineers in reference to 

which the Gas Record of Chicago presents the 

following: 

The paper describes a series of efficiency tests on natural 

gas made in the physics laboratory of Ohio State University. 

The operating conditions under which tne tests were 

made were similar to those which commonly obtain in domestic 

service. Eight pounds of water was heated in a 

granite-ware kettle, from the temperature of the tap to the 

boiling point. 

The tests show that under low pressure conditions an 

efficiency greater than 45 per cent, can be secured when the 

burner is close to the vessel and that an equal efficiency 

can be obtained with the flame up to a distance of two 

inches from the vessel, under high pressure conditions. 

It is further shown that with reasonable care in adjusting 

these distances the efficiency is independent of the rate of 

gas consumption and that under the varying pressure conditions 

which now exist it is advisable that the distance 

between burner and vessel should be between one and one 

and a half inches. This will render operation possible under 

low pressures with fair efficiency and will lie within 

the range of maximum efficiencies which may be secured at 

moderate pressures and without undue sacrifice of time. 

A final experiment shows that a slight increase in efficiency 

is obtained by using an aluminum instead of a 

granite-ware container. 

Lines by An Old Fogy 

I'm thankful that the sun and moon are both hung up 

so high 

That no presumptuous hand can stretch and pull 

them from the sky. 

If they were not, I have no doubt, but some reforming 

ass 

Would recommend to take them down and light 

the world with gas. 

One Reward for Our Good Work 

When experts pay tribute to the matter printed for 

the benefit of the trade in their field, it is evidence 

that it should be more widely read, and if read the 

troubles of some would disappear. It is a matter of 

gratification to have the value of the articles we 

print and the service we render appreciated by some 

even if the busy tradesman fails to learn where he 

could find good help. 

THE EXCELSIOR STEEL FURNACE CO. 

114-118 S. Clinton Street. Chicago, 111. 

June 15, 1920 


243 West Thirty-ninth Street, 

New York City. Attention Mr. Fred S. Sly 

Gentlemen:— 

We thank you for your enclosure, calling our attention 

to the article entitled "The Vital Question In The Furnace 

Industry," in your journal of May 21st. We greatly 

appreciate this article and feel confident that it will have 

an effect on the greater share of its readers. 

It is unfortunate that more people do not read these 

articles and I often think it would be wise to reprint them 

from time to time. 

I have frequently stated that the trade journals do not 

receive anywhere near enough recognition for the good 

work that they do. I believe, however, that theiT reward 

will continue to increase as the years fro by. 


THE EXCELSIOR STEEL FURNACE CO. 

(Signed) R. W. MENK, 

Furnace Department.


Qualifications for Leadership Quickened By Every Day 

Contact with Conditions Confronting Membership. 

The Trans- Mississippi Furnace President 

In response to a request for something of his experience in connection with the 

furnace industry, President F. L. Nesbit, of the Western Warm-Air Furnace and 

Supply Association, with headquarters in Omaha, has furnished what is given below. 

M Y early connection with the furnace business began 

with the installation of furnaces in a retail 

way in 1887 and I have made the heating business 

my main hobby since that time, with the exception 

of about 5 years. For 7 years I was a traveling 

salesman for one of the New York State manufacturers 

in this line of trade, my territory extending 

from the Great Lakes to the Pacific Coast. For 4 

years after that I had the title of sales manager, but 

refused to move East and looked after the general 

sales by making all the principal cities of the United 

States and working in connection with the other salesmen 

of the same house. 

On Jan. 1, 1911, I started in the furnace business 

for myself, having a line made for me and selling 

them principally in the territory west of Chicago. 

However, on June 1, 1911, I organized and helped to 

incorporate the Standard Furnace & Supply Co., 407- 

413 South Tenth Street, Omaha, Neb., and since carrying 

a full line of furnaces, together with registers, 

pipes, fittings and all supplies necessary for the installation 

of a warm-air furnace. 

We started in a building about 22 ft. wide, three 

stories high, and about 75 ft. deep. Our business grew 

very rapidly and within a year and a half we were 

forced to move twice, as the business expanded we 

were forced to increase our capital. 

At the present time our building comprises more 

than 40,000 sq. ft. of floor space and we believe we 

carry the largest and most complete stock of warmair 

furnaces, registers, pipe and fittings and supplies 

carried by any one house in the United States. We 

cover Northwestern Missouri, Western Iowa, North 

and South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, Wyoming, 

Montana, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, Washington, Oregon 

and California. 

While we manufacture and sell some light furnaces. 

our principal business is on the better grades. We 

aim to educate our customers to properly install the 

heaters that we sell. We have an estimating department, 

which lays out, makes heating plans, detail 

drawings, figures on complete list of everything contained 

in a furnace heating plant, furnished to our 

customers, gratis. 

When we get a new customer, if we find he does not 

fully understand the warm-air heating game, our 

first work and duty to him is to try to help him do 

his work well, using the proper size heater-pipe and 

registers, and also in getting them placed in the proper 

locations. 

If we have an order for a heating plant and are not 

satisfied that it is going to be installed in such manner 

as to give the customer satisfaction, we take it up 

with the dealer and get him to change his plans and 

install it so that it will give satisfaction. In some 

cases where we have not been able to do this, we 

have refused to accept the order. By insisting that 

our customers install a furnace which covers their 

work they have not only increased our business, but 

have increased their own and have also elevated the 

President F. L. Nesbit 

warm-air lieating in tliis territory to a very much 

higher standard than it once had. We quite often get 

a letter from a customer asking where he can dispose 

of an old outfit so that a new furnace heating plant 

of the right character should be installed. 

The active duties which now engage me are those 

of president and general manager of the Standard 

Furnace & Supply Co., and as president of the Western 

Warm-Air Furnace and Supply Association, the 

main object of which is upbuilding the warm-air heating 

industry. Our association hopes that before a year 

from this time we will have on the statute book's of 

several of the Middle Western States at least laws 

governing the installation of warm-air furnaces that 

will not only protect the home owners and consumers, 

but will greatly help and increase the warm-air and 

heating industry. 

We are endeavoring to get co-opei ation from other 

organizations interested in warm-air heating business 

and to work with us in this matter. With" their cooperation, 

we believe that a great deal can be accomplished.

July 23, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

Would You Spend That Much Time to Prevent 

A Big Loss in Your Estimated Profits? 

Ten Minutes a Day-$4,000 a Year 

T E N minutes a day to save $4000 a year! That 

seems a fairly good return for that much time, 

does it not? Perhaps the amount will not apply 

to your business, but would you not be willing to spend 

that much time if you could keep a big part of the 

profit you figured to make in a year from slipping 

through your fingers ? 

Perhaps you are one of the many who list all the 

expenses they can think of, figure that the amount 

is, say, 18 per cent, of the business figured on, and 

call this their overhead. Then they add the percentage 

of profit desired, and believe that at the end 

of the year they will have this much profit. But when 

the year is over, bills are paid and all accounts settled, 

the profit does not amount to what was expected. 

What is wrong? they ask. 

This condition was met in the office of Richards & 

Jessup Co., of Stamford, Conn. The firm had included 

in its overhead expense all the items which 

were apparent. These included salaries, rent, cost 

of maintaining automobiles, stationery and postage, 

heat and light, telephone, interest on money invented, 

insurance, donations, advertising, cost of new tools, 

depreciation of old tools, depreciation of automobiles' 

non-chargeable purchases, bad debts, car fares nonchargeable, 

defective labor and material, replacements, 

non-chargeable expressage, etc., and unproductive 

labor. The total cost was taken as the firm's 

overhead, and the amount of profit desired was added. 

But the profit did not materialize. 

Then H. C. Richards, the office manager of the 

business, got busy. The next year he kept a careful 

record of the amount of gross profit figured on each 

contract, each piece of jobbing work and each sale. 

Tliis was added up each day, and at 

Method the close of the last day's business he 

Employed had immediately the exact total of 

hy One Firm gross profits figured on. Ten minutes 

a day, he said, covered the time spent 

in making these entries. After tlie inventory was 

taken and the amount of net profit determined, it was 

found that the difference between the net profit actually 

divided was several per cent, of the year's business. 

This, of course, was due to leakage that had 

not been found. This leakage exists in every shop. 

Next year this percentage was added to the estimated 

percentage of overhead, and at the end of the year's 

work, the net profits were approximately as figured. 

Now the percentage of leakage is carefully figured 

each year, so that the most nearly exact amount can 

be used to determine the total overhead. 

The volume of business done by this firm at tlie 

present time runs between $100,000 and $150,000 a 

year. For the year 1919, on a volume of $117,501.52. 

the overhead based on the items listed amounted to 

10.5 per cent. But the leakage on this volume was 

3.4 per cent. This means almost $4-000, which would 

have been lost under the old system. 

Alr. Richards described his method for readers of 

AIETAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM FITTER in the 

following way: 

The topic of overhead is one that has been so thoroughly 

and so many times discussed that it is rather a drug on 

the market and many of the trade are 

New 

tired of listening to any one talk about it. 

TJ. • 7,7 • But our firm has worked for several years 

nil . e in (in a s c) l e m e whcrcby we feel that we can 

Overhead determine quite accurately the amount of 

the leaks in our business. 

Wc all figure lots of work and think we put a good profit 

on it. hut at the end of the year, when we come to figure 

out how much we made, we find that it falls far short of 

what we though it would. Tliis is due to the fact that there 

are numerous leaks in every plumbing business, some of 

whicli we can stop and some of which we cannot. Many of 

these it is impossible to trace, while others, such as the 

cost of labor and material running higher than we estimated, 

it is easier to find. 

The system used by this lino in determining its leakage 

is ns follows: We have a Day Book in which all jobs for 

which we receive orders and all items of jobbing and store 

sales are entered. Opposite the entry is the amount of the 

contract or the charge we make to the persons for the articles 

wliich they have purchased or the jobbing whicli we 

have dune for them. At the bottom of each page we foot 

up the column and we carry the figure forward from page 

to page until at the end of the year we can tell just how 

much business in dollars and cents we booked. We go a 

little further than this, and try to determine just how much 

business we actually did in this certain year, which is accomplished 

by adding the amount whieh is carried from 

the previous year and deducting the amount carried over 

into the next year. 

All this i.s done probably by the majority of plumbers in 

the business, but the thing which we wish to emphasize is 

the following: If we made a charge of $2 on selling an 

article to a person in the store we figure that we made, say, 

7.5c. on the sale, and this amount is entered in the Day 

Book in a column opposite where Hie amount of the charge 

is made. If we did some jobbing to the amount of $7.88, 

we would say that possibly we figured to make $2.90 off 

the job. This last item would be entered in the column under 

the 7,5 cents. If we had a contract for $1,000, we 

probably would have figured to make $2.50, and this would 

be entered as above. The way they would look on the 

book is as follows: 

Figured to make- Charge to customer 

Footing $253.65 $0.75 $1,009.88 $2.00 

.'.no 7.ss 

Aflcr making the final computation of tlie amounts which 

250.00 1,000.00 

we figured to make, we determine the actual cost of the 

contracts, and then we can make an entry of the actual 

amount of prolit that was made. We have kept account 

of what we figured to to make, and at the end of the year 

we know, after taking inventory, just what we did make. 

It is assumed tliat the reader tries to determine each 

vear his overhead expense. Xow for a concrete illustration 

of the point I wish to make. We will assume that (1) 

a firm figures to make $100 in a year (2 ) that after taking 

inventory it finds that it only has $70 to divide; (3) that

114 METAL WOKKEK, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 23, 1920 

its overhead expense was $25. Adding these last items together 

makes $95, whereas it should make $100. In other 

words, there is a leakage of $5 or 5 per cent, of the $100. 

A plumber should always allow an additional percentage 

in his list of overhead for leaks and then he would come 

out better at the end of the year. 

Trade Conditions in Argentina and Bolivia 

Demand for American Sanitary Goods Increasing 

United States Sheet Metal and Heating Apparatus Popular 

M U C H valuable information for those desiring to separately has prevented them making inroads on 

develop or increase trade in slieet metal, plumb England's trade in tliese goods, since the Englishman 

ing and heating goods in South America is con sends 20 per cent, above the order to compensate the 

tained in a Government report up to 1919 entitled purchaser for breakage. 

"Construction Materials and Machinery in Argentina 

and Bolivia,'' which can be secured from Government 

Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 

A survey of the Argentina market at present shows 

that plain and corrugated galvanized sheets and plain 

black sheets are extensively used for the building of 

The following is a brief summary of the trade situ- warehouses and factories, for roofs of railroad cars 

tion as presented in this bulletin, and now that normal and for tlie manufacture of cheap sheet stoves for 

commercial conditions are returning and competition use in the interior. Thus the conditions are excellent 

is being resumed with the European countries, every for developing a large sheet metal trade and even in 

effort should be made by this country to not only retroducing the increasingly popular American metal 

tain the advantages gained during the World War but shingle. 

to develop closer trade relations between the conti Clay roofing tiles were used to a greater extent benents 

of the western hemisphere. 

fore the war than now and English roofing slate is 

Fifty yars ago Buenos Aires became interested in 

plumbing sanitation and although the drinking water 

supply and drainage system began construction then, 

have often had their plans modified to meet the needs 

of a rapidly increasing population and to follow modern 

successful practice, the interrupted work is now 

being completed under the Directorate of the Sanitary 

Work of the Nation. This department enforces fixed 

regulations governing the installation of house sewers 

and sanitary fixtures in all classes of buildings 

preferred over others. Roofing felt is popular and in 

the past year has taken the place of galvanized steel 

because of the extremely high cost and scarcity of the 

latter. 

Local factories are now making doors 40 per cent. 

cheaper than those from the United States but are not 

of as good workmanship while the Kalamein doors 

and trim furnished by American manufacturers are 

giving good satisfaction. The architraves, frieze and 

cornice of building fronts are worked up usually with 

throughout the nation, and in Buenos Aires alone there masonry material instead of sheet metal although cer 

is a market for practically 8,000 foreign bathtubs and tain mansards and cupolas with copper trimmings 

fixtures. With the exception of the trade in enameled may be seen. There is at present no market for sheet 

iron bathtubs' which the United States has acquired in metal moldings, as they are considered of such a na 

recent years, the United Kingdom continues to hold ture as not ready transported. 

the trade in the cheap grade of cast iron, enameled In Bolivia sanitation is in its infancy but by de 

ware and eathenware articles, lavatories and watergrees imported American sanitary goods are being incloset 

bowls. But if the Ameriean manufacturers stalled along hygienic lines and the United States has 

would study the subject, these fixtures could be made practically the entire trade. The slow development in 

in the United States. 

the use of sanitary goods is due principally to the lack 

of up-to-date sewerage systems, but with the installa 

The L'nited States has the trade for nickeled brass 

bathroom goods and since lead pipe has been manufaction 

of the numerous sanitation and water supply 

tured in Argentina for years, its importation is out of 

projects so much required, there will be an increased 

the question. While vitrified sewer pipe is made in 

eall for the several lines of necessary material. There 

Argentina, much is imported and the United States' 

are no real plumbers in the country. The plumbing, 

share in this line should be greatly increased. 

such as it is, is done by tliose who have no professional 

knowledge of the trade. 

Low pressure steam heat is the most popular heat 

Corrugated sheets are by far the most popular roofing 

system, although hot water is used somewhat in 

ing, about half of the buildings of many of the towns 

dwellings and indirect systems to a limited extent in 

being covered with it, while the rest are usually cov 

theatres. Boilers, piping and valves are imported diered 

with locally made Spanish "V" type clay tiles. 

rect from England, France, Switzer- 

This indicates that there is opportunity for the intro 

Heating land, Germany, and the United States 

duction of the American metal shingles and tiles. 

Trade and the local contractors purchase the 

Most of the steel products imported are used for 

Opportunity pipe and fittings for this class of work 

railway construction, but galvanized steel sheets make 

from general importers of steel pipe 

an indispensable material for roofing and sidings on 

and fittings who stock the necessary materials. The 

account of the limited amount of wood necessary for 

practice of American manufacturers to box radiators 

its support, especially when used on roofs.


Why Do You Advertise When You Are 

Behind In Deliveries? 

THIS seems to be a very natural question, and the 

answer involves the discussion of a vital policy of 

this business—a policy that is fundamental. This 

discussion of the subject appeared in Graphite, issued 

by the Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J. 

If we were building a business for to-day our policy 

would vary from day to day with the temporary 

changes with which every business has to contend. 

But we are building for the time to come and we 

hope that this business will become many times greater 

than it is to-day. Without the proper foundation it 

would undergo violent changes dependent upon temporary 

national, local or even imaginary conditions. 

If we should permit ourselves to become inflated 

with self-confidence when business conditions are favorable, 

restricting our selling and advertising activities, 

and go down in the dumps when conditions are 

not so favorable, this business would not amount to 

any more than existing conditions would make of it. 

We say right now, without reservation, that we 

hope, regardless of how aggressive and efficient our 

manufacturing department may be, that it will never 

be able to catch up with our selling organization. 

If our efforts should be halted in the middle of the 

road in times of liberal buying to wait on the manufacturing 

department, there might come a time when 

the manufacturing department would have to suspend 

operations while waiting on the sales organization. 

With such a policy we would be running around in a 

circle, disorganizing one day and next re-organizing. 

The greater the demand for our product, the quicker 

the turnover for merchants, and the more frequent 

turnovers the larger is the volume of profit. 

In this business, advertising is a sales policy, the 

same as our policy maintaining a sales organization, 

and we might as well consider the elimination of one 

as the other. Neither will be eliminated, as this business 

needs both if we are building for the future. 

We hope the idea will never creep into this organization 

that there will be any let-up in aggressive 

methods, which might suggest that when business is 

good there is not occasion for work and when business 

is poor it is too hard to get. 

We constantly have in mind that the American people 

are much more concerned in their own affairs than 

in ours, and if we should restrict our selling and advertising 

activities they will begin to forget us and 

this would be our fault. 

We are going ahead with the idea of increasing the 

present momentum in favor of our goods, and if conditions 

should turn face about our dealers and ourselves 

will be in a better position to hurdle obstacles 

than if we originated a policy for each condition. 

Inadequacy of Immigrant Labor Supply 

The agricultural and industrial demands for unskilled 

labor, which are so evident throughout the 

country, have in no way been satisfied by the slight 

increase in immigration to the United States during 

the past few months—despite the fact that the total 

number of persons admitted is now, for the first time 

since we entered the Great War, greater than the total 

number departed. 

More than half of the total number admitted were 

women and children coming to join members of their 

families' while practically all of those who departed 

were adult male wage earners. 

During the first 5 months of 1920, the preliminary 

figures for the Port of New York, which usually handles 

about 80 per cent, of the total immigration and 

emigration for the country, show a net increase of 

38,288, as follows: 

Month Admitted Departed Increase Decrease 

January 25,051 24,529 522 

February 22,086 24,375 2,293 

March _ _ 29,908 18,714 10,384 

April _ 36,958 26,169 10,789 

May 40,048 21,162 18,886 

153,241 114,953 40,581 2,293 

Ask For Business Frequently to Get It 

Are you telling the people in your vicinity what 

you can do to increase their comfort, the service of 

their property and equipment and asking for their 

trade? 

Here is a house that has been established 68 years 

and of course it is well known. It is going out after 

business by personal calls and also by letters and post 

cards just as though it had just started in business. 

There is great need of just such enterprise for the 

success of those conducting shops and the makers of 

the products it uses. The most successful and prosperous 

it uses. The most successful and prosperous 

men are using similar methods. The question is have 

you formed the habit? As an aid the following letter 

is reproduced. 


243 West 39th Street, 

Xew York City. 

Gentlemen: 

Heating:—Have you ever considered the returns and 

profits on an investment in a Modern fuel-saving furnace? 

It will yield dividends payable every day in the year in 

life's happiness, comfort and health. We are heating experts 

and can properly install the heat you want, whether 

it be Hot Water, Steam, Hot Air or Pipeless Furnaces. 

Plumbing: The beautiful bathroom of today is the mirror 

of refinement and the center of home comfort. Why not 

make Your bathroom one that you'll be proud of by installing 

the latest plumbing fixtures? 

Roofing & Sheet Metal Work.—Those of us who are 

fortunate enough to keep a roof over our heads in these 

unsettled times, must see that it is kept in good repair 

How about Your roof, gutters and leaders? 

Repair Work: For 68 years this shop has made a 

specialty of giving its customers unexcelled service in 

repair work. The next time you need a plumber, furnace 

man, sheet metal worker or roofer, send for us. 


S, E. DIBBLE "& SON, INC. 

(Signed) ALBERT B. DIBBLE, 

President. 

BULLETIN No. 42 of the Trade and Industrial June 3j, Series 1920. 

No. 12, issued by the Federal Board of Vocational 

Education, Washington, D. C, is devoted to safety 

lamps, including plain safety lamps and improved 

electric lamps, from which those who make lanterns 

can procure much useful information.

116 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

The Path That Leads to 

Money in the Bank 

The Subject of the First Article 

for Several Months 

T H E R E is a strong feeling in the fields in which our people are 

engaged that the art of making sales has been neglected, while 

the art of doing work of all kinds has been perfected. Success 

in any commercial enterprise—plumbing, heating or sheet metal work 

—will be in proportion to the ability to go out after business that is 

waiting, and getting it. 

Whether or not new Iiuilding becomes active, there are years of 

prosperity in our field in bringing existing properties up-to-date in 

tlieir equipment. 

All that is needed is for all connected with these industries to realize 

this fact and adopt the methods that insure their participation in 

prosperity. 

To aid in starting thc movement, our first articles, beginning Friday, 

August 13, and running for some time, will be more pointedly 

inspiring to sales activity. Instead of presenting such articles without 

heralding them and the reason for them, as has been past custom. 

they are announced so that all connected with our industries Mill have' 

opportunity to know about them and take the necessary action to insure 

deriving the benefit they will give. 

There need be little Tear they will awaken too many men but 

rather that too many men will not learn of them. The purpose i.s 

worthy of your endorsement and mention to all the field with whom 

you come into contact. 

Our part will be done as effectively as it has been done in the past 

and we solicit your efforts in making them widely known and useful. 

1


This is the .lace to submit your per- 


plexine problems---the Place to 




SERVKITISlSRATIS 

FROM J. B., PENNSYLVANIA.—It is a pleasure to 

pass on to "A. B.' whose inquiry appeared in the 

issue of July 9, a method of connecting a range 

boiler with both the range and the furnace that 

I saw recommended in METAL 

Connecting WORKER' PLUMBER AND STEAM FIT- 

Boiler to TER 20 years ago, I have tried it 

Heat Bathroom out and know that it will work. I 

sumbit a sketch which shows that 

all the water will circulate through both the waterback 

in the range and the water heating coil in the 

furnace He can start at the coil in the furnace 

AAAAAAAAAAAAAA7ZÂW/A///A/A//////A 

Connecting Boiler to Heat Bathroom 

with his hot water pipe and run straight up to the 

boiler, placing a tee at a point where it will receive 

the hot water from the waterback and connecting 

the pipe at the side of the boiler in the usual 

way. Then he can drop the return water from the 

boiler down to the coil in the furnace, connecting 

at the bottom of the coil and at the point where 

tliere should be a return to the waterback, he can 

insert a tee and connect witli the waterback. In 

the winter time when their is plenty of heat in the 

furnace to heat all the water required, there will 

be no objection to running the water through the 

waterback if desirable, as the cooling effect will 

not be of enough account to cause any trouble. In 

the summer season, when the furnace is not in use, 

it will circulate through the waterback without much 

disturbance to the coil in the furnace. There is 

one other thing, however, that the man who i.s building 

the house should have pointed out to him' and 

that is, a kitchen range boiler full of hot water in 

the bathroom in the summer season is not the most 

desirable thing from tbe point of view of comfort that 

could be installed there. That is the time when a 

cake of ice or a refrigerator would be more acceptable 

than a reservoir of hot water. 

FROM J. C. M., CHICAGO.—In looking over the 

issue of June 11, I came across an article asking 

for information regarding copper-lined gutters. If 

"j. H. P." will be good enough to 

Proper Length 

of Sheet for 

Copper-Lined 

Gutters 

giye information on the following 

points, I shall endeavor to give him 

some help: The shape of the gutter; 

its length ; where the downspouts are 

located; whether it is a wooden gut 

ter li„ed—concrete or some other material; how the 

outer edge is fastened and how the inner edge is 

fastened; whether there are any nails in the cross 

seams, and if the outer edge is nailed and how far 

apart The same information in reference to the inner 

edo-e of the gutter is desirable. What character 

of roofing does the upper edge of the gutter extend 

under or connect to? 

The length of the sheets makes no difference in 

the expansion and contraction. It all depends on 

how the gutter is put in. whether or not it will stand. 

If this information is given. I shall try to give from 

mv experience something that will be of value in the 

future It would be a good idea to make a sketch 

showing the shape of the gutter and measurements, 

and describe condition', fully.



A Dissipation of Heating Mysteries 

SUCCESS is often hampered by a want of confi 

dence due to a lack of knowledge of the practice 

and principles in some line of work. Apparently 

there has been a large number of men who had the 

equipment to install steam and hot water heating 

plants but hesitated to take up the work. The reason 

for this was because they were mystified by the 

phrases, rules and calculations used and discussed 

wliich left an impression that it would be difficult to 

absorb and comprehend all that seemed necessary. 

That this is all wrong is demonstrated in their 

fellow tradesmen of no greater talent who are regu 

larly engaged in the line. This should encourage 

those not engaged in this class of heating to read the 

serial, that begins in another page, prepared by a 

competent engineer familiar with all phases of the 

work and with the intention of making it especially 

suited to their needs. 

It takes up the essential matters in detail and ex 

plains what is necessary, and how to make the nec 

essary calculations. Illustrations are freely used to 

make the ideas more clear and to show just how to 

accomplish a desired result or to avoid waste and 

complaint. The man who reads, whatever his exper 

ience, will feel that he has refreshed his resources and 

will be better able to meet the demands made upon 

him. 

Fire Prevention Day 

Under the circumstances, in the circulars and ad 

vertising matter used in the trade the fact should be 

set in red letters that throughout the country the 

house owner should look over the condition of his 

property before starting up the fire for the winter so 

as to remove any possibility of danger from fire. This 

is a good step to take as there is always the possi 

bility of its bringing in business. 

Will They Pay? 

THIS is a question that cannot be neglected by 

the man who is looking for orders for tin roofing, 

heating or plumbing. These are times in wliich 

the failure of a customer to pay his bill has a most 

distressing effect upon the enterprise. And in view 

of the fact that many who have never had their credit 

or paying capacity tested will be seeking the services 

of the trade for various equipment, there must be a 

most sound conservatism used before their orders 

are accepted. Here is where a considerable tact must 

be used to avoid driving trade away and as much 

sound judgment must be used to avoid accepting or 

ders on which the time of payment is so long de 

ferred as to bring about a loss, even if the whole is 

paid eventually. 

It is well to insert in the contract a clause provid 

ing that interest must be paid after a certain time. 

AS a result of the activities of the National Fire It is far better, however, to arrange for a date of set 

Protection Association, Oct. 9 will be made 

tlement at the time the order is placed. Payment is 

"Fire Prevention Day" throughout the United 

States. There is no question but what much work 

that is done by tlie heating contractor could be arranged 

to insure greater protection against the possibility 

of fire. 

made very much more certain if the bills are rendered 

immediately on the completion of the work. 

Too many in the trade are lax and negligent in this 

respect and do not get their bills out until a month 

after the work is completed. Then if the customer 

It is equally true that many exactions of the in takes a month to think the thing over and file comsurance 

companies are a burden that are wholly unplaints, 

it may be another month before any payment 

necessary for absolute safety against fire. However, is secured. 

property should not be exposed to fire danger, nor 

Such things a.s this must be avoided under the 

should people be inconvenienced by the destruction 

of homes and factories where a sliglit precaution 

would have prevented the trouble. 

present conditions and they will be avoided by those 

more succsseful business men or those who have for 

years conducted business on a sound basis. Their 

If some attention is devoted to Fire Prevention Day example is well worth studying and following. The 

by those engaged in the heating business, they may 

question will they pay must be asked by every busi 

find many eases where their services will be required 

ness man and, if he cannot be perfectly satisfied 

to put property in proper order to be absolutely safe 

that the answer is yes, it is far better to let the 

against any such possibility as destruction. 

other fellow do the work.


Suits Against Railroads 

for Freight Delays Due to Congestion 

H E R E is an echo of a condition which was quite 

frequent during the war, and which has borne 

fruit in the form of many lawsuits against railroad 

companies, a large number of which are just 

coming on to be tried: 


Troy, N. Y. 

I have a suit pending against the Railroad 

Company for damages for the loss of a shipment during the 

latter days of the war. The shipment was highly perishable, 

and was consigned from here to Chicago, 111. The company 

accepted the shipment and issued its usual hill of lading. 

About a week after that the consignee wired asking about 

the goods, which should have been delivered. I set on foot 

an investigation, and the railroad company seemed to know 

nothing about it. They had a record of the shipment leaving 

on a certain date, but had nothing after that. I had 

to do much persuading to get them to put a tracer out, but 

finally they did, and after a long delay the goods were found 

about fifty miles this side of Chicago, in a yard with several 

hundred other freight cars, and being perishable, were 

a total loss. I made demand on the railroad company to 

pay my damages, but got no satisfaction, and finally, after 

another long delay. I had my counsel start suit. They 

filed a defense that the loss was caused by congestion in 

freight brought on by the war, for which they were not 

responsible, and therefore I had" no right to damages. The 

case comes up for trial next month, and I would like to 

have your best opinion as to whether I have a led to stand 

on. Was it not the place of the company to tell me that the 

goods would be subject to delay? They said nothing whatever, 

just accepted the shipment as usual. Omit name if 

published. X Y Z 

As I intimated in the beginning, thousands of cases 

growing out of delays in freight shipments during the 

war have been brought against railroads in the last 

few months. In some of these cases the claimant has 

not any case at all, in others he has a very good case, 

and the railroads should not have compelled him to 

sue. Were the roads under private management, literally 

thousands of cases would have been settled 

which now have to be litigated. 

What I mean by saying that in some cases the 

claimant in these cases has no case is this: For the 

congestion caused by the war, a railroad is not responsible. 

Its plans were interfered with, and upset 

and defeated a hundred times a day by the complications 

caused by preferred Government shipments and 

a thousand and one other things. Therefore where 

loss has occurred solely by reason of that congestion, 

without any negligence on the railroad's part, the 

courts have uniformly held that the claimant could 

not recover anything. It w'as a loss caused by extraordinary 

conditions over which nobody had any control, 

and the victim must pocket his own loss, just as if it 

had been an ordinary accident for which nobody was 

to blame. 

•Copyright by Elton J. Buckley 

But in a few of these cases the courts have held that 

the railroads were negligent in not informing the shipper, 

before accepting the goods for shipment, that congestion 

existed along the line of the route, and that 

the sliipment might be subject to delays. The courts 

have particularly taken this position in cases where 

delays meant something special to the shipment, as 

where the goods were perishable or subject to deterioration. 

One of these cases was very recently decided. The 

court said that while the railroad was not responsible 

for freight congestion caused by the war, a duty 

rested upon it to inform the shipper of that congestion 

and to warn him against delays, particularly because 

the existence of the congestion, and the probable 

ensuing delay, was especially within the knowl 

edge of the railroad, whereas the shipper might not 

have known anything definite about it at all. This 

was the case of Meany and Saisselin vs. Erie R. R. 

Co., 173 N. Y., Supp. 96, in which the plaintiff got 

his damages. 

An astonishingly large percentage of these cases 

are thrown out of court when they come to trial beeause 

they were not begun within the time provided by 

the bills of lading. I find that this was because of a 

belief that you could not sue the Government, a delusion 

that has lost and will lose thousands of dollars 

to the firms holding it. The law covering the taking 

over of the railroads made it very clear that the railroads 

were just as liable in the hands of the Government 

for the results of their own negligence, as 

they were in the hands of their private owners. That 

being true, it followed that the provisions of the bill 

of lading, providing a time limit for making claims 

and bringing suit, were just as binding as they were 

before. 

Bins and Might-Have-Bins 

*By Forrest Crissey 

LIKE having twins, buying coal at the eleventh 

hour, the fag end of the fall season, is a bad 

habit to get into. 

It has become a fashion, a country-wide custom, a 

National Habit. It imposes an arbitrary and unnatural 

handicap upon a basis industry which is vital to 

the existence, comfort and happiness of millions of 

people. 

Besides, it's mighty poor business for the consumer. 

He has everything to gain and nothing to 

lose by putting in his coal for winter when the mer- 

*Copyrig_t, 192«, by The Retail Coalman. Inc.


cury is trying to break out at the top of the tube and 

the very thought of winter is a consolation. 

Did you ever see the Wheat Pit of the Chicago 

Board of Trade when every trader was trying to buy 

wheat at the same instant? That's a dramatic picture 

of what happens to prices in almost any instance 

where buying is highly concentrated. Invariably the 

result is the raising of prices. 

Stampedes are never safe or economical. They always 

spell danger and waste. 

A stampede of coal buying is no exception to the 

rule. It penalizes the consumer by a higher price 

and it lays him liable to being left without coal with 

which to warm his house. 

Possibly this larger proposition would not have 

sounded very plausible two years ago, but since the 

justly famous winter of 1919-20 it sounds almost like 

a platitude. 

More men will fill their coal bins this year than 

ever thought of doing so before. But if every man 

who is able to pay for his winter's coal in Dog Days 

were to call on his dealer for the earliest possible delivery 

there would be no fall stampede—for the number 

of those who must have the savings of all the 

summer and the early fall with which to finance their 

winter fuel is legion. 

Did it ever occur to you, Mr. Consumer, that putting 

in your coal at the last ragged minute is a rather 

shameful bit of shiftlessness? 

I once spent a few days in the cabin of a mountaineer. 

He and his sons very evidently held to the 

doctrine that it was showing a shocking lack of faith 

in Providence to provide a log for a fireplace before 

it was needed. They wouldn't go to the woods to fell 

a tree until the last log at the cabin was frying on 

the fire. 

If that mountaineer lived in a Mid-Western village 

his FUEL habits would not have to be altered to 

conform to the prevailing fashion. He'd put in his 

coal when his neighbors put in theirs in the fall when 

the teeth of the children began to chatter from the 

cold. 

There is one simple little scrap of business economics 

that the great buying public is prone to overlook—perhaps 

because it is so simple. 

It pays the Consumer to consider the convenience 

of the producer and the dealer, to say nothing of the 

railroads. 

W r hen your demands upon the dealer in any kind 

of goods are made at a time or in a way to put him 

at decided disadvantage in meeting them he's going 

to make you pay for that disadvantage, every time. 

And he has a right to—for you have put him to extra 

expense. 

On the other hand, when you make a point of 

shifting your demands so that he can handle your 

business at a distinct advantage he gives you a concession 

for that consideration. 

He does it beeause it's the law of Trade. 

United for Trade Purposes 

"Promote industry; prevent chaos" is a fundamental 

theory with the Federal of British Industries 

whicli, according to information furnished to the 

Bankers Trust Co., New York, by its London service, 

now has a total membership, direct and indirect, of 

18,000 manufacturing concerns in tlie United Kingdom. 

Their combined capital is estimated at $20,- 

000,000,000. 

The Federation, which was formed in 1916, disclaims 

any aim toward becoming a "capitalist octupus." 

A recent restatement of the purposes of the 

organization emphasizes "evolutionary progress and 

betterment of industry" as the chief objectives. It 

regards work and trade expansion as the antidotes 

for social unrest. The Federation assumes to speak 

with the general voice of British industry on all questions 

affecting the interests of its membership. 

F. B. I., as the Federation is popularly styled, has 

16 district offices in the United Kingdom and 14 commissioners 

and representatives in foreign countries 

to promote the demand for British goods in the overseas 

markets. These are the markets of the Near 

East, Spain, Portugal and Algiers, East Indies, South 

America- Scandinavia, South Africa, Italy, Holland 

and Australia. 

The head office in London is divided into sections 

which deal with various markets of the world. A 

system has been evolved whereby com- 

A Method mercial visitors to England are given 

Americans every assistance in making contact with 

Can Adopt the manufacturers of the particular products 

desired. 

Prospective foreign bu3 r ers are interviewed concerning 

their contemplated purchases by the F. B. I. 

officials at headquarters dealing with the countries 

from which the buyers come. The Federation has 

divided the industries of the country into 19 main 

groups, and about 100 sub-groups and sub-sections 

covering the various manufacturing lines. 

A foreign buyer's requirements are promptly circulated 

to all manufacturers of the specified goods, 

and the buyer's name is then furnished to those manufacturers 

who indicate that they are able to fill orders. 

This saves the buyer's time and gives him a 

contact with the entire range of available goods. 

In case of inquiry for a particular firm's goods, 

the buyer is given a letter of introduction wliich enables 

him to negotiate directly with the appropriate 

official of the company. 

In the overseas market the F. B. I. commissioners 

and correspondents are on the lookout for openings 

for British trade whieh are promptly 

Combing placed before the British manufacturers. 

the World The Federation reports that many milfor 

Trade lions of pounds' worth of trade openings 

have thereby been brought to the attention 

of its members, although the overseas organization 

is comparatively a new department. 

The Federation is producing a new "Export Register" 

in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese 

for the guidance of foreign buyers. It lists British 

manufactures and classifies tlieir products in a form 

that makes it possible for.buyers to locate easily the 

desired articles and their makers. 

An advertising section with illustrations in color of 

many British wares is included. The history and 

policy of the Federation, its home and foreign 

branches and directions how to make use of its facilities 

are also covered.


Battle Creek Entertains 

Michigan Slieet Metal Men 

Royal Good Time Enjoyed by All of the 250 Guests 

at 2 - Day Outing on July 16 and 17 

SOMETHING for everybody to do all of the time 

was the way the Battle Creek local entertained 

the 250 Michigan sheet metal contractors, their 

ladies and guests who came for the 2-day outing, July 

16-17. Every little detail was taken care of by members 

of the committee who met every train, had a 

garage for those who came in cars, had cigars for the 

men and candy for the ladies as they registered and 

a program to fill every hour while in Battle Creek. 

The spirit of good fellowship was everywhere in 

evidence and this largest outing will long be remembered. 

At 1.30 fifty automobiles took everybody from Post 

Tavern through the business and residential sections, 

around the world-famed Battle Creek Sanatarium and 

out for an inspection of Camp Custer, where the 85th 

Division trained. Then everyone saw how Kellog's 

Toasted Corn Flakes, Krumbles and Drinkit wer« 

made without a hand touching the corn and wheat 

during the process. When the party reached the 

auditorium, refreshments were waiting wliich were 

promptly put where they would do the most good. 

J. F. Kellogg explained some of the interesting details 

of food product manufacture and then introduced 

some musical talent, who gave song and dance numbers, 

which were heartly applauded. 

A rising vote of thanks was given to Mr. Kellogg 

and as everyone left an attractive souvenir package 

of the several Kellogg products was presented to 

them. 

Over 200 sat down to an excellent banquet served 

in the Post Tavern at 7 p. m., during which the 

Venetian and Yeoman Trios entertained. After some 

humorous remarks by Toastmaster H. E. Doherty, 

Detroit, he introduced John E. Wagner, who gave all 

a hearty welcome and expressed Mayor Ryan's regrets 

that he could not be present. 

Henry Jacobs, a well-known attorney, paid a tribute 

to F. M. Brockett and spoke on the meaning and 

benefits of organization. 

Honorable C. L. Glascow, candidate for governor, 

told of some of his early experiences as a sheet metal 

worker and then spoke of every citizen's duty to his 

state and country. 

Some elected to play cards, but most were brought 

to the "Bridge' where jazzy tunes kept the floor 

crowded until 12.30. 

Bright and early Saturday morning the scene of 

festivities was transferred to Gougac Lake, where a 

ball game between the employees of Kalamazoo and 

Battle Creek shops opened the program. Battle 

Creek trounced the visitors 13 to 6. 

The various park amusements were enjoyed until 

noon, when mess call was sounded and all were given 

a box luncheon and plenty of lemonade. 

A vaudeville show was given at 1.30 and then the 

various athletic events were staged, with WTlliam 

Lusk, William Fitzgerald and Frank Ederle in charge. 

In the labies' ball throwing contest, Mrs. H. P. Martin. 

Lansing, outclassed all of her competitors. 

George Lawder of Marshall was first in the sack 

race and Gus Landwehr of Battle Creek reached the 

tape first. The three-legged race found W. C. Lusk 

and George Lawder the best co-operators. In the 

50-yd. dash for traveling men, N. L. Pierson led to 

the finish line. A special running race for ladies and 

men found Mrs. Landwehr and Mr. McGuire the 

winners. 

A match foot race between Adam Schepper of Bay 

City and Harry Martin of Lansing was closely contested 

but Adams was the fleeter of foot. 

The Employers pulled a victory out of defeat 

in the tug-of-war. Sixteen men were on each side. 

The ball game between the upper cities, led by 

Lansing, and the lower cities, by Battle Creek, was a 

five-inning affair and kept the scorers on their toes 

to keep track of the tallies. The hitting was heavy, 

as was the cheering. Lang and Lewless were the 

Saginaw battery and Shouldice and Daly worked for 

Battle Creek. The teams jockeyed for the lead 

throughout and in the 5th inning Saginaw led 13 

to 11, but Battle Creek came through with a rally 

and won out 14-13, so they hold the silver cup. 

It was after 5.30 when the homeward trip was 

started and praises for Chairman William Lusk and 

Frank Ederle and the men whose work made the outing 

a big success were heard from everyone. There 

is no doubt that they accomplished their purpose of 

"we want everyone to have a good time." 

The Real Employer 

The Wallach sy.stem of stores in New York says 

to its clerks: 

"You are here on approval, just as the clothing 

furnishings and hats are sold on approval, whether 

paid for or not. So you can stay with us as long as 

you please our customers who are your real employers. 

That is vour first duty. 

"Selling merchandise is secondary. Remember, too, 

that pleasing a customer does not mean pleasing him 

only while he is in the store. He must never cease 

to be glad he came in. So tell him the truth always. 

Every man who comes into our stores is a customer, 

whether he buys or not. So be as particular, as 

cheerful in showing goods as in selling them."


News of the 


New England Plumbing Inspectors 

35 Members Attend Annual Outing and Enjoy a Splendid 

Time Despite Bad Weather 

Members of the New England Association of 

Plumbing Inspectors held their annual outing on July 

15, with an abundance of "eats" and "smokes," and 

a super-abundance of rain. But despite the downpour 

which started before the auto trip commenced 

to Canobie Lake Park, the members report the affair 

as one of the best ever hid. The rain kept them indoors 

and the program of sports had to be omitted 

but the members, in the interim, discussed their work 

from every angle in an informal manner and all felt 

well satisfied with the day's program. 

Tliere were 35 inspectors from all sections of New 

England in attendance and the business session was 

held at the Lawrence City Hall, Lawrence, Mass. 

Just as the party started from there for Canobie Lake 

the rain started. The storm put the car line out of 

commission and worked general havoc with everybody 

but the inspectors. The chicken dinner was served 

at the park and then came the informal session varied 

by a visit to the dance hall, where an excellent band 

furnished a program to the marooned pleasure-seekers 

at the park until trolley travel was restored. 

Oswald J. Cullington, plumbing inspector of Lawrence, 

acted as the day's host and Andrew J. Burnett, 

inspector at Melrose, Mass., as chairman of the ways 

and means committee, was in general charge. Mr. 

Cullington is also secretary of the association. 

Association Work By Auto Tour In Mass. 

Master Plumber OfBcer9 to Visit Wesern Part and Hold 

Executive Monthly Meeting En Route 

President G. Wilbur Thompson, Secretary W. H. 

Russell Goudey and members of the Executive Board 

of the Massachusetts Master Plumbers' Association 

will leave Boston July 27 by auto for a tour of western 

Massachusetts in the interest of association work. 

They will be guests of the locals at Fitchburg, Greenfield, 

Pittsfield and Westfield during the trip. 

They plan to arouse enthusiasm in the state organization 

and to strengthen the local associations and 

may aid in forming new locals. Inasmuch as distance 

prevents many of the members in the western part of 

the state from attending all meetings, the Executive 

Board has taken this method of keeping the members 

posted on the progress of events. 

A meetinge of the Executive Board, which would 

ordinarily be held at Boston this month, will be held 

en route. William Milne of Pittsfield is a member 

of the Executive Board and is arranging the program. 

Haverhill and Lowell, Mass., M.P. Association 

Outings are being planned by the Haverhill and 

Lowell, Mass., Master Plumbers Association, to take 

place early next month, but the dates have not yet 

been set. 

New Bedford, Mass., Master Plumbers 

Annual Mid-Summer Outing on August 4, to be a Clambake 

at Marion, Massachusetts 

The Master Plumbers' Association of New Bedford, 

Mass., and vicinity will hold their annual mid-summer 

outing Aug. 4 and the affair promises to surpass anything 

ever before held in Southern Massachusetts. 

They will have a New England clambake at Bayside 

Pines, Marion, Mass., making the trip over by 

auto, and those who have ever enjoyed a Buzzard's 

Bay clambake will be on hand to do this one full 

justice. The affair is in charge of the officers, president, 

Augustus Smith; vice-president, J. P. Reilly; 

treasurer, John D. Elliott, and secretary, W. L. 

Bason. 

Suffolk County Plumbing and Heating 

Contractors «••»>»-«. . ~r-- • • •-• 

President Issues Call to Annual Dinner and 'Urges" Members 

to Let Committee Know Their Intentions."^- ' 

Who could resist this invitation if a member of the 

Master Plumbers, Steam and Hot Water Fitters' Association 

of Suffolk County, N. Y., issued by President 

Fred B. Barker, Quogue, N. Y.: 

Fellow Members and Friends: 

At the last regular meeting of the Master Plumbers 

Steam and Hot Water Fitters' Association of Suffolk 

County, N. Y._ it was decided to hold our annual dinner 

on July 28, 1920. The committee in charge have selected 

the Gunning Point House, which is on the ocean front, about 

opposite Westhampton Beach, L. I. 

The way to get there is to go to Westhampton Beach 

cross the bridge to the Ocean Beach, turn west and follow 

the highway west, about a mile and a half 

The dinner is called for 1.30 p. m., and all are requested 

to be on hand in time. We expect to have a tip-top dinner 

and, as we all know, it tastes best when ready 

Charles H. Redfield, of Grimshaw & Redfield, Westhampton 

Beach, a hard-working member of this committee, has 

kindly offered to put up markers on the Main South Country 

Koad, what our brothers from the western part of the 

island would call the Merrick Road, soon to be known 

under its new name of the Montauk Highway 

Owing to the fact that the people who are to put up this 

dinner will furnish only as many as we order it is re 

quested that the members and others who wish to'come sign 

the enclosed card and send check to cover the number ol 

tickets required. 

Everybody interested ean understand that as the dinners 

_.*_. Th V X M Pa ^ !°V tWs 1S a nec «s ar y Part of this 

affair. The holders of tickets will have reservations that 

will he sure to make the trip enjoyable; others taking _ 

chance on pot luck may go hungry! 

"LEST WE FORGET!" 

Don't say you can't come. Take time—TOU will be dead 

a long time. Have a little recreation while yon are able 

to enjoy it. 

J 

The dinner bell! We will not guarantee accommodations 

and unless you positively mail acceptance not later than the 

24th instant. As stated, we have to contract for the re 

the year stretched ahead of us. The going to this "affair will 

freshments. and in fairness to the committee, who are 

make a better man of each one who attends It v.inlet 

working for your pleasure—do it now' 

you meet the other chap that you have heard of but never 

The object of this affair is to get the members together 

meet face to face, and yon very likely will find that he is 

3 give us an annual event that we can look back to for 

a real ikeable chap, interested in the advancement of hs 

profession at which he makes his living, and a man of 

sterling_avic: worth. Members of the plumbing craft have 

. t . th f ° . St " ff t0 Win ° Ut In »» trades fhe tendency 

is to think of a competitor as some wild man; this idea I 

all wrong. Meet with us and vou will find ihe members 

in this line of business in Suffolk County a brig !„! 

tlemanly class of people. ""gnt, gen-


To show that we were not thinking of ourselves alone, 

it was voted on at our last meeting to invite the ladies; 

so bring your good wife, if you are blessed with one, your 

daughter, or the lady whom you hope to have preside over 

your home. They will be welcome and it will give them 

a chance to see the class of people you associate with when 

away of an evening to one of our meetings in Bay Shore. 

PLEASE ! 

As a slight help to the committee which has a good deal 

to do for no other recompense than the desire to make the 

affair a success, send the enclosed card back at once with 

your check, so that we can know how many to expect and 

make the needed arrangements. 

Yours fraternally, 

FRED B. BARKER, 

President. 

DINNER AND OUTING COMMITTEE: 

Charles H. Redfield, Westhampton Beach. 

Muir C Smyth, Brookhaven. 

Harry Robinson, Southampton. 

Fred B. Barker, Quogue. 

IF You HAVE A BATHING SUIT, BRING IT ALONG. 

Tribute to Cleveland Members 

The Associated Plumbing Contractors of Cleveland, 

Ohio, at the meeting July 13, adopted the following 

resolutions on the death of two of its members: 

WHEREAS, the Associated Plumbing Contractors of Cleveland 

learn with regret the passing away of Henry J. Hunger, 

for many years a manufacturer of brass goods in this 

city; and 

WHEREAS, Mr. Hunger, by many acts of kindness and accommodation, 

made himself a friend to all in need of his 

kind attention, all in need of a special friend, found him 

ready with his skill and advice, we look upon his loss with 

sorrow and regret; 

Therefore, be it resolved that we, the Associated Plumbing 

Contractors of Cleveland extend to the family and relatives 

our condolence and sympathy. 

(Signed ) CHARLES H. MALLOTT, 

CHARLES F. SIEFRIED, 

EB ELLEN. 

WHEREAS, by the passing away of Frank A. Wadsworth 

we mourn the loss of the oldest Master Plumber doing 

business in Cleveland; and 

WHEREAS, Mr. Wadswoth has endeared himself to the 

trade by his engaging personality and his acts of kindness 

to one and all; as an employer he was considerate and just, 

a friend in need and a good competitor in his dealings witb 

business associations; 

A good husband and father, a citizen of honesty and 

repute; 

Therefore, be it resolved that we. the Associated Plumb 

ing Contractors of Cleveland, express our sincere and heartfelt 

condolence and sympathy with the family, assuring 

them that we also mourn his loss. 

(Signed) CHARLES H. MALLOTT, 

CHARLES F. SIEFRJED, 

EB ELLEN. 

The Two Sheet Organizations 

Some confusion exists as to the two organizations 

among the independent mills, the Western Sheet and 

Tin Plate Manufacturers' Association and the National 

Sheet and Tin Plate Association. The former 

is the organization whieh deals with the Amalgamated 

Association of Iron, Steel and Tin Workers at 

the annual wage conferences and at the bi-monthly 

examinations of sales sheets to determine the wage 

rate for the two-month periods. Ordinarily the next 

settlement, to fix the wage rate for the July-August 

period, would be held about July 10. Membership in 

this association is, of course, limited to makers who 

operate their mills on a union basis. A. N. Flora, 

vice-president of the Trumbull Steel Co., Warren, 

Ohio, is president of th organization and James H. 

Nutt is secretary. Mr. Nutt worked for many years 

in the puddling departments of Mahoning" Valley 

plants. Offices of the association are maintained in 

the Mahoning Bank Building, Youngstown, Ohio. 

The National Sheet and Tin Plate Association is an 

organization to further the interests of independent 

sheet and tin makers in a general way; to determine 

certain business policies and to enable the members to 

act in concert on matters of mutual interest. It is 

composed of independent makers who operate either 

on an open-shop basis or under the Amalgamated 

scale. It maintains offices in the Oliver Building, 

Pittsburgh, with George D. Mcllvaine as secretary. 

Bar iron manufacturers also have an association, 

known as the Western Bar Iron Association, which 

deals with the Amalgamated at the wage conferences 

and the bi-monthly settlements. Mr. Nutt is secretary 

of this organization. 

THE MILLIONAIRE GANG at the Annual Convention of thef 

National Association of Sheet Metal Contractors' at Peoria,. 

III., June 8-11. O. T. Ingledew, Chicago Scully Steel & Iron. 

Co.; Owen McGrath, Merchant & Evans, Chicago; J. D. 

Caldwell, Brier Hill Steel Co., Chicago; S. D. Burton, Inland 

Steel, Chicago. 

Metal Branch Meeting October 21 

To Be Held During Twenty-sixth Annual Convention. 

of National Hardware Association 

at Atlantic City 

Through the courtesy of Secretary T. James Fernley, 

we are informed that the twenty-sixth annual 

convention of the National Hardware Association 

of the United States will be held at the Marlborough- 

Blenheim Hotel in Atlantic City, N. J., Oct. 19-22. 

This meeting, as in previous years, will have the 

automobile accessories branch convene on Tuesday, 

Oct. 19. The whole sheet metal trade will be interested 

in the fact that the Metal Branch will hold its 

nieeting on Thursday afternoon, Oct. 21, when the 

distributors will discuss matters of interest to them 

and at their invitation representatives of the rolling 

mills will also be present and take part. 

Chairman W. H. Donlevy of the Metal Branch is 

already engaged with its secretary, T. George Fernley, 

in considering matters which will occupy the attention 

of the members at the meeting so that those 

which are of greatest interest will be discussed by 

those best qualified to do it.


T. E. B. Appreciates Trade Press 

A letter from H. E. Jones of the Sales-Help Service 

Department of the Trade Extension Bureau, 

Evansville, Ind., contains the following: 

You have doubtless noted in the past that on every appropriate 

occasion T. E. B. has emphasized the idea that 

the plumbing and heating contraetor should give more time 

than he does to the reading and digesting of the immensely 

valuable material that is supplied him in the trade press. 

It gives particular pleasure to assure the Trade Press 

that this policy is still active, and that in the published 

material in all talks before conventions and association 

meetings this point will receive attention. In fact, the plumbing 

and heating contractor who listens to T. E. B. gospel 

with any serious attention is bound to realize that the trade 

press supplies him with one of the most valuable aids for 

keeping his ideas and practices up to date. 



THE EVER-READY HEATER CO., Los Angeles, has been 

incorporated with a capital of $.500,000 by John B. 

Reeves, J. Oscar Smith and W. G. Duff, to manufacture 

heaters and lieating equipment. 

THE AMERICAN TANK & WELDING CO., 55 Isaac 

Street, Belleville, N. J., has been organized to 

manufacture tanks and similar products. George C. 

Lee heads the company. 

THE DURIRON CASTINGS CO., 90 West Street, New 

York, manufacturer of acid and rust-proof iron 

products, soil pipe, etc., has increased its capital to 

$600,000. 

THE ELECTRIC BOILER CORPORATION has been incoriiorated 

at Cambridge, Mass., with a capital of 

$50,000 for the manufacture of boilers and heaters. 

The incorporators are Frederick Bernard, Watertown; 

Andrew E. Colson, Cambridge, and Horatio 

Alden, Brookline, Mass. 

JOHN J. KANE has opened a plumbing and gas fitting 

shop at 533 High Street, Holyoke, Mass. 

A POSTAL CARD ANNOUNCING new discounts on the 

Pierce American and the Pierce down draft steam 

and hot water boilers was issued July 12 by the 

Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Co., New York City, 

and shows a necessary advance to keep pace with 

the advancing cost of production. 

THE GROWTH OF THE FACILITIES for producing the 

"Duro" water systems for farms and suburbn residences 

and factories is well portrayed in halftone 

engraving of the plant presented on the first page 

of The Duro Pressure Gauge for July, issued by the 

Burnett-Larsh Mfg. Co., Dayton, Ohio. The last 

page is entitled "A Farm's Wife Value," and by 

means of the pictures her equipment in the laundry, 

in the kitchen and in the bathroom are made clear, 

while the equipment for farm use at the barn and 

the stock yard is also shown, but the accent is put 

upon the conveniences for the woman. Then the 

two interior pages show displays that have been 

made at different centers to make people realize 

what can be enjoyed and pictures of the equipment 

which the firm can supply. The picture of the 

New York convention sliows those who accepted the 

invitation of the company for the plumbing establishments 

here in New York to come in and hear a 

real sales talk and how to go about getting the business 

that will make the plumber and heating contractor 

prosperous whether or not a new building 

is erected in the United States this year. 

ANOTHER ONE OF THE OPPORTUNITIES brought to the 

attention of the heating contractor by the Minneapolis 

Heat Regulator Co., Minneapolis, Minn., contains 

the assertion that even' new house in which a 

new heating apparatus is erected in your town this 

year should be provided with equipment to regulate 

draft and maintain an even temperature. The 

installation of the Minneapolis Heat Regulator, 

whether when the lieater is first installed or later 


on, is a matter of importance to the heating con 

CHARLES H. HILLS, formerly sales manager with the tractor because it carries with it the suggestion to 

Seattle branch, Worthington Pump & Machinery study up on tiie heat and temperature regulation, 

Corporation, is now in the marine department of the so as to make it clear that the cost is insignificant 

same company in the New York office. 

compared with the comfort and economy that attends 

its use. The Chicago branch is in the Insurance 

Exchange Building, and in New York City 

it is 1735 Grand Central Terminal Building. 

THE JULY NUMBER of the Sirocco Service issued by 

tbe American Blower Co., Detroit, gives information 

about the long service of the fan made by the 

conipany, calling particular attention to the fans 

installed in the Metropolitan Opera House 38 years 

ago, wliich are still in service. This fan is run 

in warm weather to aid in cooling and it is said to 

make a difference of 20 deg. in the temperature. 

Then there are more modern theatres shown using 

Service equipment as well as the model equipment 

used for ventilating the steamship St. Paul. 

New Branch Offices for U. S. 

Radiator Corporation 

The United States Radiator Corporation, Detroit, 

Mich., lias opened a branch on Martyr Street, Portland, 

Maine, where it is carrying a full line of the 

Capitol boilers, radiators, etc., for the state of Maine. 

It has 10,000 sq. ft. of floor space. Charles A. May- 

nard, who for the past 18 years has covered the state 

of Maine as salesman for the corporation, has been 

made branch manager in charge of the Portlnd office. 

The corporation will open another branch at Springfield, 

Mass., about Aug. 15, on Center Street, from 

which Western Massachusetts and parts of Vermont, 

New Hampshire and Northern New York will be 

covered. This branch will have about 15,000 sq ft 

of floor space and W. C. Brandeau, who for the past 

- years has been connected with the Boston office of 

the company, will be manager.

July 23, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMB ER AND STEAM FITTER 


THE KAHN-HOLT Co., Ill South Charles Street, Baltimore, 

Md., dealer in tin plate and metals, is now 

issuing a series of blotters. The first, bearing the 

picture of George Washington, states that by honorable 

and frank dealings he gained the confidence 

of his countrymen and pursuing the same policy 

combined with prompt shipments, this company has 

enjoyed the confidence of its patrons. Another 

blotter features Kahn-Holt Prince's metallic brown 

paint, ready for use and put up in 1-gal. cans, 5gal. 

kits and barrels. 

CLINTON PERFORATED METAL GRILLES are now being 

manufacturer by the Wickwire-Spencer Steel 

Co., Worcester' Mass., and 120 Broadway, New 

York City, successor to the Clinton Wright Wire 

Co., from steel, brass, copper, bronze, nickel, zinc, 

aluminum and monel, with either an electroplated' 

japanned, painted or buffed finish. Grilles up 

to 60 x 156 in. in size are made of one piece while 

larger sizes are made in two or more pieces joined 

together with hardly noticeable butt straps. Generally 

16, 14, 12, or 10 Birmingham gauge metal 

is used and the screw holes in the margin are 

either countersunk or plain. 

THE SHEET METAL CONTRACTOR will be interested in 

the July number of Graphite issued by the Joseph 

Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J., which is 

largely occupied with halftone engravings showing 

smokestacks which are being painted with the Silica-Graphite 

paint made by the company. It gives 

the suggestion that this i.s a good season of the year 

to go chasing around amongst those who use sheet 

metal smokestacks to see their condition and make 

memorandums to recommend those repairs which 

will be needed to enable the smokestacks to pass 

through another winter season. Now is the time to 

prepare for th inclement period of the year rather 

than to wait. 

FROM THE BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Washington, D. C, 

there are issued two publications, one by H. S. Rawdon 

and Samuel Epstein, No. 156, "Metallographic 

Features Revealed by the Deep Etching of Steel.'" 

The other is No. 376, by Howard Scott, entitled 

"Critical Ranges of Some Commercial Nickel 

Steels." These can be secured, respectively for 

10c. and 15c, from the Superintendent of Documents, 

Government Printing Office, Washington. 

CATALOG No. 25 issued by the Hess, Snyder Co., 

Massillon, Ohio, in addition to describing in detail 

the various sizes and styles of the Boomer warmair 

furnaces, stoves and fittings which it manufactures' 

contains a table of pipe and register capacities 

and a reliable method of laying out a 

system of hot-air heating in dwellings. It is a 

valuable booklet for the tradesman to have. 

Decision Approved at Youngstown 

Award of the Railway Labor Board should prove 

to be a big stabilizing factor in the transportation 

situation of the country, say leading iron and steel 

makers of Y'oungstown, Ohio, who anticipate a bet- 

i 

terment in rail movements generally. The decision 

is welcomed by 18,000 railroad workers in this district. 

Mattie Furnace of the A. M. Byers Co. at Girard 

has been banked. Sheet mills at the DeForest Works 

of the Republic Iron & Steel Co. are idle this week. 

Trumbull Steel Co. is operating all of its 44 sheet 

tin plate and jobbing mills. 

Half Century of Service to Consumers 

of Iron and Steel 

The Brown-Wales Co., Boston, Mass., i.s celebrating 

the fiftieth anniversary of its founding. Starting with 

limited facilities, it hardly seems possible that the developments 

were accomplshed in this length of time. 

It is now recognized as maintaining one of the leading 

warehouses in New England for all requirements of 

the machinists, iron workers, structural shops, sheet 

metal workers, tinners, roofers- etc., the stock requiring 

large warehouses in Boston and Dorchester 

district. 

It maintains a large fleet of heavy motor trucks to 

make local, freight house and boat deliveries. 

Wheeling Steel Corporation Officials 

The newly organized Wheeling Steel Corporation 

witli $100,000,000 capital stock and as a merger of 

the Wheeling Steel & Iron Co., the Whitaker-Glessner 

Co. and La Belle Iron Works, is a holding company 

and the three subsidiaries will maintain their 

identities. 

Isaac M. Scott, president Wheeling Steel & Iron 

Co., has been elected president of the new corporation, 

with Andrew Glass, D. A. Burt and W. H. Abbott, 

vice-presidents. D. A. Burt is treasurer and 

Walter Higgins secretary. Alexander Glass is chairman 

of the executive committee and A. H. Woodward 

vice-chairman. Members of the committee also include 

C. R. Hubbard, A. C. Whitaker, J. J. Holloway, 

E. C. Ewing, Isaac M. Scott and R. C. Kirk. 

Directors of the new organization are as follows: 

One-year term, 1921, Howard Hazlett, F. M. Work, 

E. VV. Oglebay, Isaac M. Scott, A. C. Whitaker and 

Joseph Coudon; two-year term 1922, Edward Hazlett, 

N. P. Whitaker." Andrew Glass, A. H. Woodward, 

D. A. Burt and E. C. Ewing; three-year term, 

1923, J. M. Clarke, Alexander Glass, William F. 

Stifel, W. H. Abbott, R. C. Kirk, C. R. Hubbard 

and J. J. Holloway. 

D. A. Burt, secretary La Belle Iron Works, has 

been elected president of the company, succeeding 

R. C. Kirk, who resigned, and G. B. Levin, of Steubenville, 

Ohio, has been elected vice-president. 

Active Sheet Demand 

While some jobbing interests in the Middle W r est 

report an easing up in sheet steel demand, it has not 

yet reached makers of Youngstown, Ohio, who are 

not only sold ahead in this branch of the industry for 

a long period, but report fresh and sustained inquiries. 

The price spread on one-pass black, average 

sizes, ranges from 6.5c. to 9c, on galvanized from 

7.50c to 10c and on blue annealed from 5.50c to


6.50c Rolling schedules of independent producers 

are still being maintained on a 75 per cent, basis, 

despite an accumulation of tonnage conservatively 

valued at $20,000,000. 

Iron ore receipts have fallen off greatly, one large 

consumer having received only about 60 per cent, of 

the tonnage usually stocked by the middle of July. 

While order No. 7, giving priority to coal movement, 

has been extended for 30 days, or to Aug. 20, the 

modification by the Interstate Commerce Commission, 

exempting flat bottom gondola cars with sides less 

than 36 in. in height, inside measurement, is expected 

to afford some relief from the acute car stringency. 

Carnegie Steel Co. has been more seriously affected 

than any of the independents and its operations have 

sagged as low as 40 pr cent. On July 17, all departments 

except blast furnaces suspended to permit employees 

to participate in their annual outing. 

With settlement of the wage scale for sheet workers 

on a 5.75c card for the July-August period, employees 

in this branch have received a net increase 

since Jan. 1, 1919, of 13.8 per cent. 

At Farrell, Pa., the sheet units of the American 

Sheet & Tin Plate Co. have suspended because of 

scarcity of steel. The Pennsylvania railroad has imposed 

an embargo on outbound shipments which manufacturers 

say will work a great hardship unless soon 

rescinded. There are thousands of tons of steel ready 

to go forward, but no cars to move them. Blast furnace 

operators in the Shenango Valley are evincing 

concern over failure of the carriers to move cargoes 

of iron ore from the Lake ports. Up to the present 

time the furnaces have received only a small percentage 

of the ore consigned to them. 

Action of the Interstate Commerce Commission in 

more fully defining coal ears is a clarifying factor 

in the local situation, as heretofore there has been 

much confusion as to the real interpretation that 

should be placed upon order No. 7. Railroads placed 

one construction, while the mills placed another, with 

the result that there was some lack of co-operation 

in utilizing what few cars were available for shipments. 

No. 11 tube mill, the new lapweld mill of the 

Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., is now approaching 

completion. It will have a capacity of 5,000 tons of 

lapweld pipe a month. 

Pipe makers report warehouse stocks and stock of 

jobbers have been greatly depleted and shipments of 

oil country goods destined to jobbers are frequently 

diverted to consumers. Demand from this source is 

strong. An inquiry for 10,000 tons of pipe for export 

went the rounds of makers, but was rejected. 

New Catalog Covers Fan System 

A piece of technical literature of more than ordinary 

value is the proper classification of the Fan 

system of lieating, ventilating and humidifying under 

the name Buffalo, and bearing the catalog number 

700. as issued by Buffalo Forge Co., Buffalo, N. Y. 

The foreword states that the company has always 

held that its engineering data and developments 

should not be hoarded as hidden treasures, but should 

be made available for the use of engineers in general. 

The work is divided into parts, and Part 1 is devoted 

to public buildings with all of the engineering 

data which will qualify engineers to approach the 

of designing the ventilation of any building for public 

use, whether a hospital, a workshop, a prison or a 

meeting hall with those tables, charts and other reliable 

data that will enable him to lay out what is 

required. 

Part 2 is in reference to industrial plants and contains 

similar information. Part 3 is devoted to the 

Buffalo apparatus, and in addition to showing pictures 

of various parts, making clear the value of the 

constructive details and of the different characters 

of apparatus which can be furnished for different 

needs, it also gives those tables, charts, capacities, 

etc., which will make it an invaluable reference book 

for the designing engineer. In reference to it, the 

company stated it is the most efficient catalog of its 

kind which it has ever published and is for all practical 

purposes a handbook on heating and yentilation. 

" Nokol" For Heating 

Every home owner wants to eliminate the ash 

carrying job so that he will "warm up" to "Nokol" 

when the heating man explains that it will also maintain 

an even temperature and is automatic in operation. 

"Nokol" is an oil burning apparatus for residence 

heating plants, put on the market by The Steam 

Corporation (division of Amalgamated Machinery 

Corporation), Chicago, 111. Its principal parts are a 

thermostat centrally located, and connected with an 

electrical control box attached to a blower or an atomizer, 

a combustion chamber housing a constantly 

rs 

The "Nokol" Installed in Heating System 

burning pilot light and an oil storage tank. The installation 

requirements are a heating plant in good 

condition, steam, hot-water, vapor vacuum or warmair 

type, 110 volt direct alternating current to run 

blower and gas supply line for pilot light. 

This apparatus burns kerosene, and some other oils 

depending upon the locality in which they are installed. 

The accompanying cut shows how it is installed 

in a heating boiler. 

In operation the oil flows from the storage tank 

through supply line to a float chamber where needle

uly 23, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMB 

•alve maintains proper level. When temperature 

roes down the thermostat acts, starting the blower, 

vhich creates a forced draft through a tube leading 

nto the combustion chamber and through atomizing 

fuel nozzle, located in air tube, close to combustion 

hamber. The suction draws kerosene from the float 

;hamher and feeds spray into combustion chamber 

where pilot light placed at point where fuel ignites it. 

The spray nozzle is so designed that the correct proportion 

of air and oil is mixed for complete combustion. 

When the heat regulator acts and starts the 

blower it is so connected with the pilot light gas valve 

that the supply is turned from low to full and back 

to low, so that for a short period the flame expands 

to light the oil. 

During the extremely severe winter just passed this 

apparatus, it is said, has been extremely satisfactory, 

as it is positive in operation, is automatically controlled 

so that supervision is unnecessary and by the 

elimination of smoke, soot and a.shes has been a great 

convenience to the home owner. It is offered as a 

highly efficient apparatus and eliminates waste, as it 

only operates when the temperature requires. 

Franklin Union Course In Heating 

One of the institutions in which master plumbers 

of New England are vitally interested is the heating 

and ventilating course of instruction in theory and 

practice given by the Franklin Union, Boston, Mass., 

from which, during its few years of existence, many 

of the leading younger men in the business have graduated. 

The course and the advantages which it offers 

to ambitious young men both in the business and 

those about to enter the business, may not be so widely 

known outside of Boston. But with several graduates 

of the course already successful salesmen for some of 

the big concerns, it is rapidly coming to the fore. 

On Saturday, July 10, the annual reunion of the 

alumni, known as the Franklin Union Heating and 

Ventilating Society, was held at Suntaug Lake Inn, 

Lynnfield, Mass., and of the 90 members of the society, 

53 were present. Considering that the course 

was established only 5 years ago and that of the whole 

number of graduates, 50 per cent, served overseas with 

the United States forces, the showing is remarkable. 

Many of the leading firms in Boston are picking their 

employees from the graduates, for the course is a 

complete one requiring two years to finish and turns 

out men who are able to figure obs and handle the detail 

of work required of the successful salesman of 

to-day. Engineering, draughting and other branches 

of the business are taught. Most of the students are 

actively employed by masters during their course, so 

that they get both the theoretical as well as the practical 

application of what they learn. Almost every 

large Boston concern now numbers one or more Franklin 

Pinion graduates on its payrolls and students are 

coming in larger numbers from other parts of the 

state. 

The members gathered at Boston and made the trip 

by autos. At the lake a shore dinner was served and 

was followed by a varied program of sports, the baseball 

game being won by the salesmen over the engineers 

14 to 13. The return trip was made in the early 

evening. 

R AND STEAM FITTER 127 

A drive is now under way for new members and is 

meeting with much success. Meetings of the alumni 

society are to be held each month at the various large 

Boston offices, where a lecture on some phase of the 

work will be given by some man prominent in the 

industry and will be followed by a trip of inspection 

through the offices and salesroom of the company entertaining 

the society. 

Harry E. Connell, assistant manager of the United 

Radiator Corporation of Massachuseets, is president 

of the society; Harr}' G. Dodge, Gurney Heater Co., 

secretary; Robert Crocker Massachuseets Heating & 

Ventilating Co., Boston, was chairman of the transportation 

committee, and J. R. Reardon, of Reardon 

Brothers, Lynn, Mass., was chairman of the outing 

committee. 

Reading Pipe and Pictures in Pittsburgh 

To make clear to the every-day workers in pipe 

tilings which are overlooked, the Reading Iron Co., 

Reading, Pa., utilized the opportunity afforded by the 

National Association of Master Plumbers in Pittsburgh 

to make a splendid exhibit of its wrought iron 

pipe at the Sanitary and Efficiency Show, picture of 

which is present herewith. 

It did not stop with the splendid exhibit, but utilized 

one of the evenings during the convention when 

a vaudeville entertainment was given to put on a 

moving picture film showing the process of making 

wrought iron pipe. 

Unfortunately, in our convention report this was 

mentioned as the film of another manufacturing concern 

and it is a gratification to set the matter straight. 

Doubtless those who saw the pictures with the signs 

were thoroughly interested and saw the name Reading 

Iron Co. But there were many throughout the country 

who read the notice of this feature of the evening's 

pleasure who got the wrong impression as to whose 

generosity afforded the entertainment. 

The display of the moving pictures was instructive 

to manv people who had never had the opportunity to 

go through a pipe mill and see all of the processes. 

The display of the pipe on the rack in the exhibit 

Pipe Display In Pittsburgh Sanitary and Efficiency Show 

at Motor Square Garden and the illustrated explanation 

given by the moving pictures was extremely in-


teresting. The entrance to the booth was made up 

of a special loop or arch similar to that which would 

be used as an expansion loop in a long underground 

heating main and the columns were made up of pipe 

showing what the Reading pipe will stand when it 

comes to forming it into a coil. This splendid exhibit 

was in cliarge of R. S. Donaldson, special representative 

of the Advertising Department; F. English, 

district sales manager, and H. M. Wentley. 

They gave each visitor a numbered card and at the 

close of the convention, under the auspices of S. A. 

Patton, chairman of the committee of Pittsburgh Master 

Plumbers Association, a rack pipe was awarded 

to H. Palmatier, of Palmatier & Robertson, East 

Orange, N. J. 

Every guest at the company's booth was invited to 

make a close investigation of the pipe he is using so 

as to be able to impress upon customers that the muchused 

and much-abused wrought pipe has features of 

excellence that are as worthy of notice and as safely 

adapted for peculiar needs as any of the articles that 

have not been on the market for more than half a 

century and consequently are not passed over in the 

same way that the familiar iron pipe is passed over. 

LATE NEWS OF TRADES 

JOSEPH A. NELSON CO., Boston, Mass., has been incorporated 

to carry on a sheet metal business, with 

a capital of .$15,000. The directors and officers 

are: President, William F. Nelson; treasurer, Mrs. 

Jean Smith Nelson, 20 Seymour Street, Winthrop, 

Mass., and clerk, John F. Drinan. 

THOMAS DOBSON, of East Port Chester, Conn., has 

started a new plumbing, tinning and heating business 

in tiie Weir Building Co.'s block, 76 Arch 

Street, Greenwich, Conn. Mr. Dobson has been 

connected with the concern of D. K. Allen on 

Greenwich Avenue for 20 years and for the past 

3 years has managed a part of the business. 

GEORGE CARR, of Carr Supply Co., Chicago, 111., was 

on the job at the Michigan Sheet Metal Contractors' 

outing after a pleasant vacation with his family 

in Wisconsin. 

CHARLES GLESSNER, of the Excelsior Steel Furnace 

Co., Chicago, leaves a week from -next Wednesday 

for a fishing trip in Canada. He will be away for 

the month of August. i 

"JIM" DOHERTY, Chicago manager for the International 

Heater Co., is spending his vacation in 

Michigan. 

THE COMBUSTION ENGINEERING CORPORATION announces 

the appointment of Henry Kreisinger, formerly 

of the United Bureau of Mines, as engineer 

of research. He compiled a large proportion of 

the Government pamphlets on fuel and combustion 

problems. Mr. Kreisinger will conduct investigations 

for the Combustion Engineering Corporation 

of a similar nature to those that he conducted for 

the Government; and the results of his work will 

not only be available to the clients of that corporation, 

but will also be supjilied to the Government. 

THE EAGLE PIPE SUPPLY Co., INC., 'Woolworth Building, 

New York, has acquired the plant of the Metal 

Products Co., Beaver, Pa., for about $85,000. The 

plant was used during the war for the manufacture 

of projectiles for the Government and will be 

converted by the new owner into a modern pipe 

mill. It consists of four one-story brick buildings 

on Fifth Street, 50 x 140 ft, 36 x 218 ft. 26 x 100 

ft. and 30 x 40 ft., respectively. 

THE C. A. DUNHAM CO., Fisher Building, Chicago, 

manufacturer of heating apparatus, is planning a 

two-story addition to its plant at Marshalltown, 

Iowa, 40 x 150 ft., to cost about $150,000. 

THE RELIANCE LIGHTING FIXTURE CORPORATION, 

New York, recently organized to manufacture metal 

gas and electric fixtures, attachments, etc., has 

taken over the business of the Reliance Electric 

Lamp & Supply Co., 317 Canal Street. 

THE PREST-O-LITE CO., 30 East Forty-second Street, 

New York, manufacturer of acetylene equipment, 

will take bids until about Aug. 5 for its proposed 

one-story plant at Philadelphia, to cost approximately 

$75,000. 

THE PENNSYLVANIA RANGE & BOILER CO., 2010 

North Tenth Street, Philadelphia, has filed plans 

for a one-story addition to its boiler shorj. 

THE FISCHER-SWEENY BRONZE CO., 1301 Grand 

Street, Hoboken, N. J., manufacturer of exhausters, 

pumps, castings, etc., has increased its capital 

from $100,000 to $200,000. 

THE IRON CITY PIPE & FITTINGS CO., Birmingham, 

Ala., has inaugurated operations at its new plant 

at North Birmingham for the manufacture of sanitary 

pipe and fittings. It is proposed to develop 

a capacity of about 30 tons a day and this will be 

increased at a later date. 

THE MILWAUKEE BOILER MFG. CO., Milwaukee, has 

filed articles of incorporation. The capital stock is 

$200,000 and the incorporators are I. M. Bean, 

Otto A. Ehbe and W. D. Johnson, principal stockholders 

and officers of the Milwaukee Boiler Co., 

220 Oregon Street. A statement concerning the' 

new organization will be issued shortly, according 

to W. D. Johnson. 

8 

THE URSCHEL-BATES VALVE MFG. CO., Summit 

Street, Toledo, Ohio, has broken ground for a fourstory 

plant at Oakmont, Pa., to cost about $250,000, 

including equipment. 

THE WESTCOTT RULE CO., Bayard Street, Seneca 

Falls, N. Y., manufacturer of rules, metal measuring 

tapes, etc, has increased its capital from $25,- 

000 to $400,000. 

THE EDWARD G. BUDD MFG. CO., Twenty-fifth Street 

and Hunting Park Avenue, Philadelphia, manufacturer 

of steel automobile bodies, steel stampings, 

etc, has filed plans for extensions and improvements 

in its machine and assembling shop to cost 

about $100,000 and for similar work in another 

building at the plant to cost $30,000.


THE VULCAN DETINNING CO., Sewaren, N. J., has 

acquired the assets and business of the Republic 

Chemical Co., Inc., with detinning works at Neville 

Island, Pittsburgh. This plant will be continued 

in operation, with Louis Muench, formerly presi 

dent of the Republic company, in charge. 

THE AREX CO., Conway Building, Chicago, manufac 

turer of ventilators and kindred metal products, has 

awarded a contract to J. Belch, 671 West Forty- 

third Street, Gary, Ind., for a one-story plant at 

4024-34 Broadway, Gary, 50 x 150 ft., to cost about 

$22,000. 

THE PREST-O-LITE Co., 30 East Forty-second Street, 

New York, manufacturer of acetylene apparatus, 

automobile lighting equipment, etc., will take bids 

up to early in August for a new one-story plant, 

25x100 ft., at Cambridge, Mass., to cost about 

$80,000. 

JOSEPH T. RYERSON & SON, West Side Avenue, Jer 

sey City, N. J., iron and steel products, have filed 

plans for a one-story steel addition to cost about 

$75,000. Headquarters of the company are at 

Chicago. 

THE FAMOUS STOVE Co., Piggot, Ark., has been in 

corporated at $20,000 by T. W. Johnson, A. B. Gal- 

legly and F. B. Sprague to manufacture stoves, 

ranges, etc. 

THE NEW HAVEN STOVE REPAIR Co., New Haven, 

Conn., has awarded a contract to Louis Winnik, 

New Haven, for a new one-story plant at 488 State 

Street, 24 x 100 ft., with extension, 12 x 24 ft., to 

cost about $15,000. 

Friends at The Michigan Outing 

Bruno Martin, of Saginaw, has had 76 birthdays 

yet was one of the most active men at the outing and 

took a lively part in the entertainment of every group 

he was in. Mr. Martin is one of the old-time crafts 

men and examples of his work have been shown by 

halftone engravings in our columns. 

The custom of entertaining is so strong w T ith the 

salesmen that these friends took part in the work even 

though they were supposed on this occasion to be 

entertained. R. W. Merck and Charles Glessner 

represented Excelsior Steel Furnace Co., Chicago; 

Thomas Peacock, R. J. Schwab & Sons Co., Mil 

waukee; T. H. Merriam, Raymond Lead Works, Chi 

cago; C. F. Nason, Milwaukee Corrugating Co., Grand 

Rapids; E. E. Behler, W. C. Hopson Co., Grand 

Rapids; N. L..* Pierson, Jr., American Rolling Mill 

Co., Detroit; George Carr, Carr Supplv Co., Chi 

cago; H. F. Brainard, J. I. & L. M. Osborn Co., 

Cleveland; the local force A. B. Stove Co.; R. W. 

Blanchard, Hart & Cooley Co., Chicago, and H. E. 

Doherty, Safety Furnace Pipe Co., Detroit. 

Efficient Management of First Importance 

Tlie assistant general manager of a metal-working 

specialty comiiany writes to The Iron Age in response 

to an inquiry about increasing production as follows: 

Our experience not only in thc present year but also 

in the past has indicated that employees generally are 

not prone to increase production without a stimulus of 

some kind. We do not believe the tendency to slack is 

very much greater now than it has been at any other time, 

except that men are receiving many more dollars in the 

pay envelope than they ever thought they would receive 

and, regardless of thc purchasing power' of that dollar, 

tlyy are taking more days off for rest, recreation or other 

purposes than formerly. 

To overcome the undesirable tendency just above mentioned, 

wc have found that increased efficiency in supervision 

and management was required. W'e have long believed 

that efficiency of management was of more importance 

than was efficiency of the workmen, and we have 

spent the greater part of our endeavor in developing real 

honest, efficient management before experimenting with the 

workmen. The results have been extremely gratifying, 

and we believe much more satisfactory than in the case 

where efficiency has been applied to workmen first and 

management last. 

By efficient management we mean efficient foremen and 

supervisors, efficient records and control, and have found 

that the worker is hound to respond more fully to the 

stimulus of efficient management than he i.s to his own personal 

efficiency. 

Also, we have found that the amount in the pay envelope 

has increased faster than our increase in production, 

yet we believe the increase in production which we have 

received is not disappointing, in spite of the fact that we 

have not entered into piece-work arrangements and largely 

rely upon a day-rate basis—a day rate, however, under 

which the output efficiency of every employee is carefully 

considered in establishing his proportion of pay envelope 

return. 

Prohibition, we believe, has helped output in that our 

workers are much more steady on their jobs, and in addition 

to this have been able to save more money than at any 

time in the past. 

Negro Inventions 

Few are better qualified to write of the achieve 

ment of the negro in the field of inventions than Em- 

mett J. Scott from his thorough familiarity with the 

work at both the Hampton Institute at Hampton, Va., 

and the Tuskogee Institute at Tuskogee, Ala. 

In a recent number of the Southern Workman, the 

magazine of the Hampton Institute, he presented the 

following: 

In the practical application of scientific principles as embodied 

in useful inventions, the negro has long held an 

important place. The publications of Henry E. Baker of 

tlie United States Patent Office set forth a record altogether 

and comparably favorable, 

These inventions run the whole gamut, from Banneker's 

clock in 1754 to Forten's invention of apparatus for managing 

sails, including Lewis's invention of a machine for 

picking oakum; Henry Blair's patents on a corn harvester; 

Williani B. Purvis's patents on electric railways, a fountain 

pen, magnetic car-balancing device, etc.; Dickinson's patents 

for playing the piano; Ferrell's patents for the improvement 

iii valves for steam engines; Benjamin F. J ack " 

son's inventions of different improvements in heating and 

lighting devices, and a controller for a trolley wheel; 

Charles A'. Richey's inventions, including a device for 

registering the calis on a telephone and detecting the unauthorized 

use of that instrument; Granville Wood's inventions; 

the Elijah McCoy inventions; and the inventions 

of John Ernest Matzeliger, including the first machine that 

performed automatically the operations involved in attaching 

soles to shoes. 

Then there are the latter-day and war-time inventions, 

including the war-bombs machine, and air-craft guns, explosive 

bullets, submarines and diving suits.

1.30 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 23, 1920 

To Teach Plumbing in Charlotte Schools 

A course of plumbing, in connection with the manual 

training courses, will be instituted as part of the 

curricula of the Alexander Graham High School and 

the Junior High School, Charlotte, N. C. H. P. 

Harding, superintendent of schools, has stated that 

the board of school commissioners has authorized the 

new course. 

The superintendent was instructed by the board 

to secure the proper man for the teaching of the fundamentals 

of plumbing in conjunction with the other 

vocational training. Steps were also taken looking 

toward the securing of additional equipment for the 

manual training departments of the schools. 

The Use of Open Top Cars 

A committee of the Scrap Iron Divisions of the 

National Association of Waste Material Dealers, Inc., 

made up of H. R. De Groate, Charles A. Barnes, Jacob 

Ciinsburg, together with the secretary of the association 

and traffic counsel, went to Washington to attend 

the hearing granted by the Interstate Commerce 

Commission in reference to Service Order No. 7, which 

provides that open-top equipment suitable for coal 

loading should only be used for such purposes unless 

the cars are moving in the direction of the mines. 

Plundreds of organizations were represented and 

very strong protests were made in reference to this 

order. The scrap iron interests were asked to consolidate 

with the Iron and steel interests and showed that 

even the American Railroad Association had wrongly 

interpreted the order in that they held that it applied 

to all open-top equipment. 

The chairman stated that shipments of scrap iron 

were being re-consigned sometimes as much as five 

and six times and in this connection it was desired to 

emphasize the importance of members making every 

possible effort to avoid re-consignment and not in any 

case more than twice on any shipment and that they 

do everything possible to load and unload cars 

promptly and to load them as heavily as possible. 

Death of Walter A. Mendell 

As the result of a complication of heart and kidney 

trouble, Walter A. Mendell died Tuesday, July 13, 

at his home, 707 Spruce Street, Camden, N. J., in 

the thirty-fifth year of his age. He became interested 

in the plumbing trade and after learning it went 

into business for himself and became an energetic 

and popular young business man. He was a member 

of Camden Lodge of Elks, Camden Lodge of Moose 

and the Fourth and Seventh Ward Republican Clubs. 

He was also a member of the Church of the Immaculate 

Conception, from which church his funeral took 

place. He is survived by his wife and three children. 


Market Sum mar y 

Black and Galvanized Sheets—Receipts regular with no 

lessening of demand. 

Tin Plate—Steady demand for prompt delivery. 

Tin—Demand is light. Prices firm. 

Copper—Continued improvement. Prices hold. 

Lend—Strong with upward price tendency. 

Zinc—Quiet but firm. 

Antimony—Unchanged and quiet. 

Foundry I'ig Iran—Improved interest, particularly' in 

next year delivery. 

Foundry Coke—Demand for spot tonnage. Shipment and 

production curtailed. 

Linseed Oil—Fair demand and prices unchanged. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Demand light. Stocks low. 

Transportation the Governing Factor 

#T| Freight cars are making less mileage now than 

31 they did in 1916 before Government control. 

Rates will have to be advanced and whether 1-3 or 

1-4 is not known. Industries are having trouble in 

netting needed materials and to distribute products. 

Notices have been issued of the advance in price of 

some goods, such as heating boilers and the probable 

advance of sanitary earthenware. Pipe continues 

scarce. Materials •with $46 basic pig iron and $18 

coke and wages high and labor inefficient give no 

immediate prospect that is pleasing to the buying 

•public. 

Roofing plates are scarce because of the demand 

for canners' stock. An indication of the merit of the 

higher cost of goods to-day is the notably better finish 

of galvanized sheets due to the greater vigilance of 

the makers rather than skill of the labor available. 

Collections are reported quite good under the circumstances 

and this should be an incentive to all 

tradesmen not to overlook arranging a date for settlement 

of all the rush work of the fall that will soon 

start. It is not a time to be sure of any position and 

there seems little probability that goods will be procured 

easily or at a lower price. 


New York The quotation of $4-6, furnace for the remainder 

of this year and the first half of next made by a 

leading . irginia interest received a rather chilly reception 

and a very limited tonnage was sold. The company has 

now withdrawn the quotation so far as this year is concerned, 

but is still willing to book for the first naif of next 

year. A slightly increased interest in the market for next 

year is being manifested, and some feelers have been sent 

out by melters. While furnances are; not anxious to contract 

b.r delivery after Jan. 1, several Pennsylvannia and 

at least one Buffalo furnace have named $46 as **>eir


price for the first half of 1921. Some furnaces, preferring 

a await market developments, are declining to quote at 

the present time for next year's delivery. The expected advance 

of about 18 per cent, in freight rates will make an additional 

heavy handicap on shipments from Southern points, 

particularly Tennessee and Alabama. 

We quote for deliverv in New York as follows: 

East. Pa., No. 1 fdy., sil. 2.75 to 3.25.$50.05 to $51.05 

East. Pa., No. 2X 1'dy., sil. 2.25 to 2.75 49.05 to 50.05 

East. Pa., No. 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 47.80 to 48.80 

No. 2X, Virginia, sil. 2.25 to 275... 50.85 

Chicago.— The market is noteworthy not only because 

of the appearance of considerable third quarter and last 

half tonnage, but because some 1921 business has been closed 

and more is before the trade. Two sales involving several 

thousand tons of foundry for shipment in the first half of 

next year have been closed at $16 base, Ohio furance. The 

demand for prompt and third quarter iron is steadily becoming 

more active, this being attributed to the desire of 

melters to secure deliveries before the anticipated freight 

advance takes effect. 

The following quotations are for iron delivered, at consumers' 

yards except those for Northern foundry and 

steel-making - irons, which are f.o.b. furnace and do not 


Northern coke No. 1, sil. 2.25 to 2.75, last half 47.25 

Northern coke No. 1 spot 47.25 

Northern coke foundry, No. 2, sil, 1.75 to 2.25 

last half 45.00 

Northern coke, No. 2. spot 45.00 

Northern high phos., last half . 45.00 

Southern coke. No. 1 foundry and No. 1 soft 

sil. 2.75 to 3.25 50.20 

Southern coke, No. 2 foundry sil. 2.25 to 2.75 48.70 

Southern foundry sil. 1.75 to 2.25 47.00 

Philadelphia.— In foundry iron there is some inquiry, 

but consumers are mainly concerned in getting shipments 

of iron already contracted for. The shipping situation 

shows little or no improvement, and some merchant furnaces 

in the East are piling iron. The coke shortage is crucial, 

and unless there is improvement soon, more furnaces will 

be banked. Up to $19 and $20 nave been obtained for 

furnace coke for prompt shipment, and like prices prevail 

on foundry coke. 

The following quotations are for iron delivered in consumers' 

yards in Philadelphia or vicinitv. 

East Pa. No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil.$46.90 to $49.10 

East. Pa. No. 2X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil.... 48.15 to 50.35 


Virginia No. 2X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil.... 50.35 to 51.35 

Cincinnati.—While the market cannot be termed active 

more inquires are being received than has been the case 

for many weeks. Most of these are for fill-in tonnages for 

prompt delivery and range all the way lrom carload lots 

to 500 tons. 

Based on freight rates of $3.60 from Birmingham ana 

$1.80 from Ironton. we quote f.o.b. Cincinnati: 

Southern coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (base price) . $45.60 

Southern coke, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 (No. 2 soft).. 46.85 

Southern Ohio coke. sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (No. 2). 46.80 

Cleveland.— A number of additional inquires have come 

out for foundry pig iron for delivery next year. Some of 

the producers report that they were unable to ship as much 

pig iron last week as during the few previous weeks owing 

to the scarcity of the car supply. A local furnace interest 

was able to ship only half of its make. Considerable Buffalo 

iron is being shipped east by barges. Many foundries 

are asking furnaces to anticipate shipments in order to 

get their iron in stock before the advance in freight rates. 

We quote delivered Cleveland as follows, based on 40c. 

switching charge for local iron, a $1.40 freight rate from 

Valley points, and $5 from Birmingham: 

Northern, No. 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 $45.40 

Southern foundry, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 48.70 

Ohio silvery, sil. 8 per cent 60.40 

Old Materials 

Scrap Iron, New Vork.—The market remains stagnant. 

One Xew York broker has raised buying prices slightly 

over a week ago. 


quoting to local foundries, per gross ton' 

No. i machinery cast ' $38.00 to $39.00 

No. 1 heavy cast (columns, huilding 

materials, etc.), cupola size 37.00 to 3S 00 

No. 1 heavy cast, not cupola size... 31.00 to 32 00 

No. 2 cast (radiators, cast boilers 

T etc > •• 31.00 to 32.00 

Iron and steel pipe (1 in. min. diam., 

not under 2 ft. long) 17.50 to 18.00 


Scrap Iron, Chicago.—The market is dull. Transportation 

remains a decided brake on business, but a slight 

improvement has been noted since the Commerce Commission 

order covering open-top cars was modified to the extent 

of permitting the unrestricted use of cars with sides up to 

36 in. Box cars, also_ are being used more extensively, 

particularly in shipments to foundries. One rolling mill 

has also agreed to accept shipments in that type of equipment. 



Per Net Ton 

No. 1 cast $36.00 to $37.00 


Locomotive tires, smooth 23.50 tp 24.00 




Grate bars 28.00 to 29.On 

Brake shoes 24.50 to 25.on 


Agricultural malleable 26.00 to 26.5U 


Scrap Iron, Pittsburgli.—N'o material change is observed 

in scrap iron and steel prices, but this fact finds 

its chief explanation in the fact that trading is much circumscribed 

by the railroad situation, which makes impossible 

the loading of open-top cars with sides of less than 

36 in. except in the direction, while the movement of loaded 

cars is entirely by permit. The railroads are issuing 

permits only when evidence i.s presented to show that the 

material is going to a point where it will be unloaded, and 

that the cars will not be shunted from one point to another 

in the effort of the shipper to find an outlet. Users of machine 

shop turnings have big stocks in their yards and are 

practically out of the market for fresh supplies at present. 

Sales of short shoveling turnings are noted at $18 per 

gross ton delivered. Cast scrap of all sorts remains scarce 

and prices are very firm. On account of the poor deliveries 

of pig iron, non-intergrated steel makers would pay up 

to $34, delivered, for heavy breakable cast. 

We quote for deliverv to consumers' mills in the Pittsburgh 

and other districts that take Pittsburgh freight 

rates as follows: 




Sheet bar crop ends (at origin) .... 26.00 to 27.011 

Heavv steel axle turnings 20.50 to 21.00 

Heavv malleable cast 33.00 to 34.00 

Cast iron borings 17.75 to IS.25 


Old Metals, New Vork—Inquiry has been better 

though actual business was not heavy. Holders of material 

are generally firm in their ideas of values. 

buying prices are as follows: 

Copper, heavy and crucible 16.00 

Dealers' 

Copper, heavy and crusible 16.00 

Copper, heavy and wire 15 00 

Copper, light and bottoms 13.00 

Brass, heavy WW, 

Brass, light 

Heavv machine composition 

1r .!• 

%'tn 

Nn. 1 vellow brass turnings 9.50 

No. 1 red brass or composition turning.. 12 25 

Lead, heavy "A"A 

Lead, tea A„" 

Zinc 

5 -° 

Old Metals, Chicago.—The market is quiet and lead 

pipe has advanced. Dealers' buying prices for less than 

carload lots are: 

Red, brass $1 2'nn 

Yellow- brass, heavy »•»« 

Yellow brass, borings W !• \ 

Heavy wire i-'-n 

Heavv conner io'cn 

Copper clips •. ]•'•:' 

Copper bottoms ii.ou

132 METAI. WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER July 23, 1920 


Tea lead 3.00 

Tin foil '...'." 30^00 

Block tin pipe 40.no 

Zinc 4 jr, 

Pewter, No. 1 \ 25.00 

Old Metals, Boston.— Continued dullness has resulted 

in few changes in the demand for old metals. With increasing 

demand for export more activity is expected. White 

metals are in demand. Dealers are nominally paving as 

follows: 


Heavy scrap copper 15.no to 15.50 


Heavy mch. comp., red brass 15.50 to 16.00 

Comp. turnings, No. 1 13.50 to 14.00 




Lead, solid 6 75 to 7 25 

zin c 5.00 to 5.25 

Pe-wter No. 1 36.00 to 38.00 

Clean cast aluminum 24.0.0 to 24.5n 

New aluminum clippings 25.00 to 26'on 


Old Rubber.— Market i.s very dull and some prices have 

declined on account of continued'absence of demand. AVholesale 

dealers' buying quotations are: 

Boots and shoes 6 to 6 : 4 

Trimmed arctics 434 to 5 

Auto tires 2 2-5 to 2 3-5 

Bicycle tires 11.. to 1% 

Solid tires ' 2 to _ 1/. 

No. 1 inner tubes Ill:, to 12 i. 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4 1 /, 

Mixed red scrap 314 to 4 ~ 

Mixed black scrap \A, to 2 

Cotton fire hose a4 to 114 

Garden hose 34 ^0 j 

OM Bags.—Seasonal dullness continues and lower prices 

have resulted through dealers' not being able to hold material. 

Wholesale dealers' prices are: 

No. 1 whites $10.50 to $11 00 

No. 2 whites : 5.75 to 6.00 

Thirds and blues 3.50 to 3 75 

Straight garments 2.10 to 2 20 

Hard back carp'ets 1.90 to 2.00 

Soft back carpets 4,25 to 4 50 

Paper Stock.—There is a good demand and the supply 

of pulp is still unable to satisfy consuming requirements, 

althought production has been increasing. Wholesale dealers' 

buying quotations for Xew York are: 




Black and Galvanized Sheets.—As a result of the 

cleaning up the freight congestion in the middle West, more 

carloads of sheets are arriving than usual but they are not 

sufficient to meet the demand since they were sold months 

ago. 

Tin I'late.— The mills have plenty of orders but car 

shortage prevents shipment of even the 70 percent production 

at which they are now running. 

Copper.—Lack of interest by domestic consumers in 

future prevails and those needing prompt metal are covered. 

covered. 

Tin.—Absence of demand and inquiries from consumers 

characterizes this market. 

Lead.—Producers have none to spare and continued 

stringency is bringing out more inquiry for later shipments. 

Zinc.—Consumers are not active. Stocks are admittedly 

declining and production is not heavy. Labor conditions 

are still bad with the producers. 

Antimony.—There is more inquiry for futures. 

Tin Plate, Pittsburgh.— This product is one where the 

pressure for supplies shows no material relaxation. Notwithstanding 

the preference granted in the matter of car 

supplies and cars are so scarce that early relief appears un- 

C'oinmerce Commission, for the movement of perishable 

food container plates, the can companies still are short of 

supplies and cars are so scarce that early relief apepars unlikely. 

Stocks at the various mills, though much lighter 

than they were recently, still are heavy, no less than 105 

Eliminating 

Vitiated Air 

'"PO be healthful, the air in any kind of building must 

be kept clean and fresh. A constant circulation of 

air and prompt elimination of vitiated air are secured by 

the use of the Burt Ventilator. 

Tbe Burt Glass-Topped Ventilator also serves as an auxiliary 

skylight, this feature in no way interfering with its 

functions as a ventilator. 

Further details will be supplied on request. 


300 Main Street, Akron, Ohio 

George W. Reed & Co., Montreal, Sole Manufacturer of Burt 

Ventilators for Canada

N. 


carloads being held at the Xew Kensington, Pa., plant of 

the American Sheet & Tin Plate Co. This company has 

about 60 per cent of its tin plate capacity in operation, but 

independent mills are more fully engaged, and the average 

for the entire industry is estimated at about 75 per cent. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh.— Business is quiet< not because of 

lack of demand, hut because makers generally have bookings 

sufficient to engage capacity well over tlie remainder 

of this year. Some of the independent makers are taking 

on a little third quarter tonnage for which they are obtaining 

extremely fancy prices, sales of black sheets, galvanized 

and blue annealed being rated at prices quoted in our 

current market. Some rather good-sized tonnages of the 

latter for delivery in tlie present quarter recently have been 

hooked at approximately the same prices. 


Linseed Oil Fair demand for spot oil has developed 

but indications are that lower prices are expected. In 

lots of 5bbl. and over, city raw American seed is quoted 

at $1.56 to $1.66, and out-of-town raw American seed is 

$1.56 to $1.66. In lots of less than 5 bbl. '3c more per gallon 

is asked. Boiled oil brings '2c more per gallon than raw 

oil. 

Spirits of Turpentine.— Demand is rather light but 

stocks are at low ebb. In machine barrels in yard, the wholesale 

price is quoted at $1.65%. 

Rosin.— Prices unchanged. Stocks fair. Demand moderate. 

On the basis of 280 lbs. to the barrel, the wholesale 

priee of common-to-good strained is $12.15. Grade D is 

$16.40. 

Iron and Steel Pipe.— Conditions still are extremelyacute 

as far as supplies are concerned, as all makers, 

especially the Xational Tube Co., still are suffering from 

the shortage of railroad cars. Jobbers in the Pittsburgh 

district have been able to get some material by motor truck, 

but beeause of the high cost have cut their basing discounts 

on both black and galvanized steel pipe five points, wdiich 

is equivalent to an "advance of $10 per ton. Discounts on 

the base charges now quoted by jobbers are 4ly2 per cent 

on black and 26% per cent on galvanized. 

Foundry Coke.— The market here has strengthened 

further since last reports, with sales of prompt furnace 

fuel now being done as high as $18.50 per net ton at oven. 

N'o recent prompt shipment business in foundry coke has 

been at less than $18 per net ton at oven and $19 has been 

the more common figure on such business. Tbe continued 

strength of the market may be explained by the fact that 

car placements still are inadequate for any material increase 

in production while the availability of coal cars and 

extremely attractive prices which prevail for that commodity 

cause' some operators to pay little attention to their coke 

obligations. One prominent producer, most of whose coke 

production had been sold on contract over the remainder of 

the year, at an extremely low price compared with contract 

prices in general is reported to be shipping practically nothing 

but coal at present. This devepopment forces customers 

of this producer into the market for spot tonnage and 

is one of the contributary causes of the present high prices. 

While it is by no means a general condition, a number of 

coke producers are making only feeble efforts to supply tonnages 

on contracts because of the much higher prices which 

can be obtained for spot tonnages. Virtually none of the 

contracts placed for last half furnace coke made at fixed 

prices call for a higher figure than $12 per net ton at oven, 

and in the scale contracts based on the prices of Valley 

basic pig iron, maximum prices of from $10 and $12 were 

named in most of them. The full range of prices on furnace 

eoke is from $17 to $18.50 per net ton at oven and on spot 

foundry grade, about $1 per ton higher. 

FROST-PROOF 

CLOSETS 

are helping plumbers to 

build bigger business 

from existing buildings 

Your customers who i re postponing 

new building operation will be glad 

to avail themselves of the convenience 

of the VOGEL in unheated places, 

such as the garage, back porch or 

yard. 

You can meet this demand 

with the VOGEL. 

It is simple to install. 

All ready assembled and 

tested when you get it. 

Xo pit needed. 

Ask your jobber or 

send to us for catalogue. 


Wilmington 

Delaware 

Our Convention Issue Splendid 

A following letter is received saying some nice 

things about the Convention Number of the METAL 

WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER. 

CENTRAL FOUNDRY COMPANY 

Manufacturers of Soil Pipe Fittings, Universal Pipe 

and General Castings 

Xew Vork, July 9, 1920. 

Metal Worker, Plumlier and Steam Fitter, 


Xew York. 

GENTLEMEN: 

This will acknowledge the receipt and thank you for 

your letter and the information it contained. We have 

noted the items referred to in what we consider a very 

splendid Convention issue of .METAL WORKEU, PLUMBEB AND 

STEAM FITTER. 

Wishing you continued success in your endeavors, and 

thanking you for the interest, we are, 

, ery truly, 

CENTRAL FOUNDRY COMPANY. 

By C. W. Presdee, 

Advertising Manager.

134 










July 23, 1920 








ALUMINUM- 

5 in 4.25 4.05 3.00 ROSIN— 

NO. 1 aluminum guaranteed over 5H in 4.90 4.50 3.50 Common to good strained (whole 

99'o pure, in ingots for remelt 6 in 5.05 4.75 4.00 sale), 280 lbs., per bbl $12.15 

ing, 1004b. lots—37 to 39c. 7 in 6.50 7.50 SHEETS— 

ANTIMONY— 

ELBOWS AND SHOES— 


Chinese and Japanese, per lb. Galvanized Steel- 

Cents per lb. 

10c to 12c Plain Round and Corrugated- No. 10, per lb 6.50-8.00 


All sizes up to 6 in 5C% No. 12, per lb 6.55-8.05 

Base price Nominal Square— 

No. 14, per lb 6.60-8.10 

BISMUTH— 

Square 40% No. 16, per lb 6.70-8.20 

Per lb $4.00 to $4.50 Copper- 


CONDUCTORS— 


Soft Steel 

Corrugated- 

Furnace Pipe and Fittings- No. 18 to 20, per lb 7.80- 9.80 


Standard list..Prices on application No. 22 to 24, per lb 7.85- 9.85 

Galvanized steel 30% LEAD— 

No. 26, per lb 7.90- 9.90 

Toncan or ingot 15% American Pig, per lb. ..10J_c to lie No. 27, per lb 7.95- 9.95 

Copper 10% Bar, per lb ll!_c to 12c No. 28, per lb 8.00-10.00 


METAL LATH— 

No. 29, per lb 8.05-10.05 

Galvanized 20% Under 100 sq. yd. per sq. yd. 40c No. 30, per lb 8.25-10.25 

Spiral Riveted— 



Galvanized On application Leads- 

10c higlier 

(See also elbows and shoes; Lead, American White, in Oil, Wellsville Polished— 

Eaves Trough Mitres; Strainers, kegs less than 500 lbs., 15}_c 20 gauge 11.10c 

Conductor.) 

Lead, White, in Oil, 25-lb. tin 22 and 24 gauge 11.20c 


pails; add to keg price J4c 26 gauge 11.30c 

(See Strainers, Conductor.) Lead, Red, in Oil, less than 500 28 gauge 11.50c 

COPPER— 

lbs., 15c 

Galvanized— 

Lake ingot 21J_-22J_c Dry Colors— 

Cents per lb. 


Nos. 12 and 14 9.10-10.60 

Casting 20-21C 

Per 100 lbs., 2)_ to 5c No. 16 9.25-10.75 

COPPER SHEETS 


Nos. 18 and 20 9.40-10.90 

Hot Rolled, 24-oz. base price, per Brown, per ton $32.00 to $36.00 Nos. 22 and 24 9.25-11.05 

lb., 29!_c mill. 

Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 No. 26 9.70-11.20 


No. 27 9.85-11.35 

and over. 

Linseed, City Raw $1.56 to $1.66 No. 28 10.00-11.50 

For less than 100-lb. lots, 2c per Ib. Linseed, Boiled, advance, per No. 30 10.S0-12.S0 

advance. 

gal 2c No. 28 and lighter, 36 in. wide, 

Colled Rolled, 2c 14 and heavier Out of Town American Seed 

20c higher 

per lb. advance over hot rolled. at $1.56 to $1.66 Corrugated Roofing—Galvanized— 


Spirits Turpentine— 

2J_ in. corrugations, 30 per 100 lbs. 

long 48 in. In Machine Bbl $1.65 over flat sheets. 

and to PUTTY— 

Corrugated Roofing—Paintedless 

96.in. Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c Prices quoted on application. 

sq. ft. sq. tt. In 1-lb to 5-lb. tins, 6.00 to 7.35c 2 

10 in. wide and under 6c 7c REGISTERS— 

10 in. to 36 in. wide... 5c 6c Cast Iron 10% 

Over 36 in. wide 8c 9c Semi-Steel or Steel, in Black for 

Planished, lj_c per sq. ft. more White Japan or Electro plate and 

than Polished. 

Small Faces and Borders 20% 

Bottom, Pitts and Flats, 24 oz. Wall Frames 20% 

base and heavier, per lb 38c Large Faced, 14 x 14 in. and 

Tinning— 96. in. 

larger 40% 

long 


and Over Base Board Intakes 20% 

less 96.in. White Enameled Goods 5% 

sq. ft. sq. ft. Solid Brass or Bronze Goods, ex 

20 in. wide and under 5c 6c cept Grilles Net 

Over 20 in. to 48 in. wide 6c 7c Grilles in Black and White Japan 

Over 48 in. wide .... 7c 8c or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain 


Lattice, Design. Smaller than 

Galvanized—Toncan or ingot, 25% 14 x 14 in., 



Copper 10% ROOFING MATERIAL— 




$102.00 



ELBOWS— 


Xo. 1 No. 2 No. 3 3-Ply Tarred Paper 2.00 

4 in $4.00 $3.90$ 2.75 Rosin Sized Sheathing, 

4*7i in 4.10 3.95 2.85 


Roofing Pitch, per ton $30.00 

Open per lb ' 15c 

r Prices of Solder indicated by 

private brands very according to 

composition. 



1-lb. cans, each 60 

5-!b. cans, each $3.00 


Gallon $1.25 




gal $1.75 




per Ib. 


4c per Ib. 

STRAINERS, CONDUCTOR— 

2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 

Copper $2.80 $3.75 $5.75 $9.00 dz. 

Galv 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 dz. 



Straits, in bars, per lb—57c to 62c 


Charcoal Plates—Bright— 



IC, 14 x 20 $16.50 

IX, 14 x 20 18.75 

IXX, 14 x 20 20.50 

IXXX, 14 x 20 22.25 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 

"A" Charcoal Allaways Grade: 

IC, 14x20 $14.25 

IX, 14 x 20 16.25 

IXX. 14 x 20 18.00 

IXXX, 14 x 20 19.75 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 21.50 



_-in. Corrugation 

80-lb $11.80 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

90-lb 11.90 

No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

100-lb? 12.00 

No. 26, per 100 sq. ft. 

IC 13.25 

No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

IX 13.25 


IXX 14.25 

F. O. B. cars, Quarry Station. IXXX 15.25 

Per Square IXXXX 16.25 

According Terne Plate- 

Pennsylvania— to size Small lots, 8-lb. Coating: 

Best Bangor $8.00 to $11.00 100-lb., 14 x 20 $9.35 

No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 IC. 14 x 20 9.50 

Pen Argyl 7.75 to 8.25 IX, 14 x 20 10.50 

Peach Bottom 10.50 to 12.50 IC, 14 x 20 Stamped and Re 

No. 1 Chapman 7.75 to 8.75 squared: 

Vermont- 


No. 1 Sea Green $5.00 to $8.50 15-lb. Coating 11.75 

STORM-PROOF 

Unfading Green 6.50 to 13.50 20-lb. Coating 12.25 

Red 22.00 30-lb. Coating 13.50 

Maine— 



M. F. Grade 13.50 

No. 1 $14.00 40-lb Coating 15.00 

Slaters felt, 30-lb roll 2 00 WASTE COTTON— 

is the Ventilator with 40-lb. a roll constant 2.25 Per lb. in 5-lb. bags 22c 

SOLDER— 


J_ STRONG, to J_ guaranteed STEADY 37'_c Western PULL Slabs 10-llc 

No- 1 outward of impure 34'_c air, Sheets etc. No. 9 base casks W/2C 

ROYALS Refined VENTILATE FROM 30c THE GROUND UP 

quickly removing all foul air, gases, etc., supplying instead Pure, 



The ROYAL, is built for DURABILITY and HIGHEST efficiency. 

Made to any size, round or rectangular metal or glass 


Send for Catalogue explaining why ROYALS should be placed 

Patented 


THE ROYAL 

Please quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBER ROYAL AND STEA.I VENTILATOR FITTER 

COMPANY 

420 LOCUST STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Metal 

Plumber & St earn Fitter 

FLORAL PARK, X. Y„ JULY 30, 19-0. 



m m 



VOLUME 94, Xo. 

Art Work For Craftsman's Spare Hours 

FIG. _. SHOWING. METHOD OF 

FILLING UPPER TANK 

FIG. 5. DOOR IN BASE FOR 

EMPTYING LOWER TANK 

Sheet Bronze Aquarium and Stand With Fountain Operated By Two Tanks 

By IV. H. Gruening 

A N aquarium very much different from any found 

on the market is shown by the accompanying 

pictures and drawing. Although the principle 

of operating a fountain by producing an air pressure 

in two tanks through a column of water is well known, 

especially abroad, the application of same to an 

aquarium as introduced here and as will be explained 

in this article, as well as the design and construction 

of aquarium and stand, is entirely new. 

A fountain in connection with an aquarium, particularly 

if operated independent of any outside source, 

adds to the natural beauty of aquaria life and makes 

a novelty of this kind more interesting. Stone grottos 

and running water have always been considered 

desirable additions. 

The outstanding features here are the two tanks 

concealed in a part of its makeup and the height of 

lhe colunin of water also arranged inconspicuously 

by which is created a fountain spray which reaches 

a height of 18 in. at first and lasts about 5 hr. 

The unusual height of the column of water, as will 

be seen by inspection of the section in the drawing, 

Fig. 1, was made possible by placing the fountain 

reservoir in the shape of a hammered flower design 

above the aquarium proper. Fig. 2 shows that this 

reservoir may be used as a fern holder when the 

fountain is not operated by nesting a zinc lining of 

a similar shape into same. 

In planning work of this character the sheet metal 

mechanic will find the principal difficulty in keeping 

tlie design well balanced, viz.. not to have it top or 

bottom heavy. It is not an uncommon thing for a 

designer to have one or another part out of proportion, 

as drawings .are often very deceiving. This as 

sertion will be found correct when the drawing and 

the pictures are compared with one another. 

Certain parts and members in the photograph, it 

will be observed, appear more graceful than they do 

in the drawing. The difficulty will be greatly minimized 

if the projection of the various parts and their 

relative position to the eye of the observer are borne 

in mind when designing such work. 

Before a word is said about the construction and

136 M E T A L \Y ORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 30, 1920 

the working principles of the fountain, it should be 

mentioned that the work was carried out by a number 

of advanced students of the Sheet Metal Department 

of the Baron de Hirsch Trade School, New York 

Citv. The finishing was also down by the boys. 

The stand was painted white and when finished 

with marble dust it resembled stone. The rich color 

of the polished bronze aquarium added very much 

to the effect. 

Besides the experience gained by this work, as a 

novelty feature in the exhibition of tlie students' work, 

properly displayed witli plant and fish life and illuminated 

by well-placed electric lights of subdued 

color, it served to draw the crowd—the crowd which 

prefers the flash of an electric sign in the Flectrical 

Department and the machine in the Auto Mechanic 

Shop to the blowpipe or any other kind of a system 

in the Sheet Metal Department. 

The working principles of the fountain will readily 

be understood by the reader if he will look over the 

drawing first and study the layout of tanks and piping. 

It will be noticed tbat the aquarium 

tank proper is not connected with 

the tanks but that all the piping is 

carried tlirougli a 1-in. diameter tinned 

brass tube whicli i.s soldered water-tight 

to the tinned copper bottom and reinforced 

by a conical boss made of the 

same metal. Anotlier tube, 1 in. diameter, 

was soldered into the upper tank 

in the stand to permit the passing 

through of the %-in. brass tube whieli 

is connected water-tight to the bottom 

of the ornamental fountain reservoir by 

means of leather washers. This tube, 

which extends down to within X's in. 

from the bottom of the lower tank, having 

been soldered air-tight at the point 

where it enters the tank, furnishes tiie 

water column upon the height of which 

depends the height of the fountain 

spray. 

It is known that it is not the diameter 

but the height which creates the 

pressure, which is 1 lb. per square inch 

when the column of water is a little over 

27 in. high. In otlier words, a column 

27 in. high will create a pressure sufficient 

to raise 1 lb. 1 in. per square inch. 

The higlier the colunin, the greater the 

pressure, and it is this pressure which 

compresses the air locked in, therebyforcing 

out thc waler out of the upper 

tank by way of a tube leading from 

within y8 in. from the bottom of that 

tank to the nozzle, whieh has a very 

fine hole. A close study of the drawing- 

Mill explain the rest, or rather enable 

the reader to solve the problem and understand 

the means to the end. 

In order to operate fountain the upper 

tank in thc stand is filled and closed 

tight by means of a screw cap, n_ sliowi 

at the right in the section. Then the 

reservoir and tube is filled, which will 

start the fountain at once. The sj^ray of the fountain 

keeps the reservoir filled and as the lower tank 

gradually fills the upper tank is being emptied. After 

5 hr. it is necessary to draw off the water and refill 

the upper tank. 

It might be well to state that the water which falls 

over the edge and drips from the edge of the reservoir 

is well aerated which is so vital to the growth of the 

inmates and replenishes the amount of water which 

evaporates. 

The stand was made of various gages of galvanized 

iron as strength and rigidity is an important factor on 

account of the weight of water in the tanks. For the 

base for instance and all the flat parts of the shaft 

No. 22 iron was used also for the table part while 

lighter material answered for all the non-supporting 

parts. The aquarium proper was made of No. 24 and 

No. 22 soft bronze. 

For the bezel on the inside of the cap molding No. 

9 zinc was used, which was finished in white enamel. 

The fountain reservoir was hammered up from a 14 

•SHEET BRONZE AQUARIUM AND STAND 

;WITH FOUNTAIN OPERATED BY TTO^TANKS". 

FIG. 1. DETAILS FOR CONSTRUCTING FOUNTAIN AQUARIUS AND STAND

JULY 30, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

FIG. 2. SHOWING 

AQUARIUM AND STAND, 

FERNS PLANTED IN A 

ZINC LINING ARE 

PLACED IN RESERVIOR 

WHEN FOUNTAIN Is 

XOT OPERATED. 

inch diameter 24 oz. soft copper bottom and was 

nickel plated. For the inside tanks 18 oz. cold rolled 

copper was used. 

The Woodworking Department was called upon to 

furnish the wooden bottom for the aquarium which 

was cross veneered, and made in two parts. Cross 

cleats held them in position. The wooden bottom for 

the stand is shown in Fig. 3. Both bottoms were 

painted to keep from warping. 

Noteworthy features in the construction are the 

manner of fastening the base and cap molding to the 

corner-posts by means of brass screws. The nuts 

were soldered in the ends of the posts which eliminated 

the soldering and scraping to a considerable extent. 

The gored soffit of the stand is reinforced and 

kept level by a set of band iron braces whieh are 

FIG. 6, AT LEFT. SHOWING DOOR IN BACK 

PAKEL 

FIG. 7, IN CENTER. SHOWING FOUNTAIN IN 

OPERATION- 

FIG. 8, AT RIGHT. SHOWING FERN IN PLACE 

OF FOUNTAIN 

fastened to a centre ring and to the top edge of the 

shaft by means of machine screws and thus also furnish 

the support for the aquarium. 

It should also be noted that the construction permits 

the removal of the table as well as the base part of 

the stand so that the tanks may be taken out if it 

ever becomes necessary. 

The height of the stand is 36 inch not including 

the rollers and the width is 29 inch diameter measuring 

the extreme width of the cirular molding. Thc 

aquarium is I6V2 '»• across the flats between the 

glass and lOlA in. from bottom of base to top of cap. 

The capacity of the tanks is 2.5 gal. 

In explanation of Fig. -1, attention is called to the 

arrangement of the faucet in the square tank facilitating 

the filling of the upper tank. The capacity 

of the tanks is equal. A flat tank low enough to be 

placed under the stand for emptying the lower tank 

may be seen in Fig. 5. The space in the shaft was 

made available for the storing of utensils such as are 

used in connection with the maintenance of an aquarium 

by changing one panel into a door as shown by 

big. 6. In Fig. 7 and 8 two other views are presented 

with fountain in operation and the other when 

flower is used as a fern holder respectively. 

As a summary exposition of Drawing in many of 

its branches Shop Mathematics as applied to the 

figuring of circumferences, capacities of tanks and 

weights, etc., and Practical Sheet Metal Work, this 

novelty aquarium stands alone. 

With reference to drawing the student mav be afforded 

an opportunity to test his knowledge and abilitv 

in sketching freehand, mechnical, geometrical and 

architectural drawing, priniples of projection, intersections 

and developments which all together sum up 

in the efficiency of pattern drafting. 

For an example in applied mathematics the student 

may give himself the following problems to solve: 

Figure the contents in gallons of a square tank 12 

x 12x1 in., as shown in Fig. 4. What should be tbe 

height of a cylindrical tank of the same capacity, the 

diameter of which is 12 in. What is the weight of 

thc water in an hexagonal tank which measures 16 x /2 

inch high and soforth. 

As to the practical work, such exercises may be 

mentioned as the forming and double seaming round 

tanks, cutting out forming up and assembling panels, 

brackets ornaments, plant pots etc., using raising 

hammer and lead block for circular molding. The 

working in the different metals should also be men-


tioned. The practice afforded on the various machines 

and bench tools as well as the extensive use 

of hand tools among which may not only be found 

lianimer and snips but also hand drill tap wrench 

hand champs and trammels, etc., add considerably to 

the satisfaction of doing work of this class. 

Considering the variety of practical jobs that must 

be dene to complete the whole and the training they 

afford, it certainly is astonishing to find comparatively 

few who grasp the opportunities which were 

FIG. 3. SHOWING WOODEN BOTTOM FOR BASE OF STAND 

never offered to older mechanics, having the many 

evening schools with their splendid equipment in 

mind. How much greater is the advantage of the 

city boy over his cousin of the countrv. 

Outside tlie fact that undertakings in the direction 

as exemplified here in this article may bring fourth 

new ideas, such work has no commercial value and 

hence does not interfere with outside economic conditions. 

It is tlierefore by far more profitable than 

the production work as is practiced in some of the 

industrial schools in the country. 

Annual Vacations for Workers 

Commended 

The wage earner in the works is made of the same 

stuff as thc salaried employee in the office. Office employees 

everywhere are now granted annual vacations 

with pav. But how many concerns arrange annual 

vacations for their wage earners, with or without pay? 

Labor has been demanding so many liberties and privileges 

during the last two or three years that a great 

manv people have lost patience with the union leaders 

who have been the champions of such demands. The 

feeling is now widspread that hours of work have been 

cut down too much and that strongly organized bodies 

of workmen are giving less than they get. 

Admitting that there is room for complaint on this 

score, nevertheless this question of annual vacations 

1' :r wage earners is one which ought to be taken up 

;\:\d maturely considered. Human nature being a.s it 

i ,. not many of those who perform more or less monotonous 

tasks day-in, day-out. and year-in, year-out 

i an go on doing good work without a respite. The 

effect of being compelled to toil on every week and 

every year is bad. In time those condemned to such 

a grind feel dissatisfied, discontented, irritable, ready 

to listen to radical, not to say revolutionary, suggestions 

for overturning the whole scheme of things. Vacations 

are desirable also in the interest of home life 

—particularly now that we have prohibition. 

The advisability of instituting annual vacations for 

wage earners is not to be considered from purely the 

sentimental point of view. It is less a question of 

philanthropy than of good business and sound public 

policy. Of course, we all know that many alien workmen 

want to work long hours every day without a 

breathing spell. But the running of the industry in 

this country should not be lowered to the level of these 

transients who come here only with the thought of 

making money quickly .and returning home. The plane 

on whieh industry is conducted has so much to do with 

the plane of life .and living in America that the constant 

aim must be not to lower it but raise it.—Forbes 

Magazine ( N. Y.) 

Recipes From an Old Scrap Book


Radically Different Treatment of Existing Fuel, 

Heating Surface and Air Travel Principles Needed 

The Warm Air Furnace of the Future 

It Will Be a Much Changed Article 

By R. W. Menk* 

T O speak of the future without at least some reference 

to the past would be to ignore all that 

has paved the way to our present state of civilization. 

In early days manufacturers were not interested in 

the subject of economy; things were too new; industrial 

development was too rapid; competition was not 

intense. Resources seemed inexhaustible—we stupidly 

blundered on while all around us waste of every 

description held royal carnival. The soil was half 

cultivated and less than half cared for. Our great 

forests of splendid pine were ruthlessly destroyed. 

The sky was red with flaming gas wells in Indiana 

and Ohio. 

No one seemed to think that our rich soil would 

ever become impoverished—that the time might arrive 

when we could not live in wooden houses because 

there would be no suitable wood with which to build 

them, and that our great stores of natural gas would 

ever become exhausted. We went blindly forward 

from year to year wasting enough to feed and clothe 

one-half of Europe. The time has come to pay the 

piper and it is a mighty long bill. 

This refers to the general trend of the present 

efficiency movement because of its compelling importance 

and in order that what is to follow may gain 

some emphasis. 

The past has done its part; the work and the effort 

has all been necessary. Each generation has 

contributed its part to the development of our existence 

and this is also true of the warm-air furnace. 

The increase in the efficiencv of the house heating 

in the last 25 years has not kept pace with many 

other lines. We have added a few features here and 

there, but not very radical changes have been introduced. 

This is not so in the power world. There 

are systems today wherein you may take a power 

boiler of standard construction and can develop 200 

or 300 per cent above its normal rating. 

A veteran furnace manufacturer stated some ,time 

ago that there had been a woeful lack of progress 

exhibited by furnace manufacturers during the past 

40 years. A reason for this may be 

Performance found in the ease with which it has 

Guarantee a been possible to market year after year 

Future De- the same type of heater with which 

mand the trade has been familiar for decades 

and which has rendered in most cases 

satisfaction to the user simply because of his lack 

of knowledge of what a heater should do. What was 

satisfactory a few years ago in the matter of fuel con- 

* Paper presented at meeting of Western Warm Air 

Manufacturers and Supply Association, Peoria. 

t Manager, .Furnace Dept. Excelsior Steel Furnace 

Co., Chicago. 

sumption will no longer fill the bill. With the cost 

of living mounting constantly the time is at hand when 

the house owner will demand of the dealer a guaranty 

of the number of tons of coal to be burned by the 

apparatus which he proposes to install and the dealer 

will demand of the maker a bond covering the 

performance of the heater which the dealer is handling. 

This will bring about a decided change in the manner 

of conducting the warm air furnace business as 

well as to cause greater attention to building construction. 

It will cause the manufacturer to study 

construction and the laws of heating. It will no longer 

be possible for the maufacturer to melt a given 

quantity of pig iron into the furnaces and sell them at 

so many cents per pound without reference to the 

distribution of the metal or the results to be obtained 

therefrom. He will have to get down to brass tacks 

and know just what his apparatus will do and stand 

back erf it. He cannot take the formulas of others 

which may have been worked out by theorists who 

have made money from the foundry end of the business 

and who have had no practical experience in the 

installation of furnaces or whose experience with the 

same has been confined to a small section of the 

country. 

It has been the custom on the part of furnace 

manufacturers to market their product through the 

dealer using salesmen in locating agencies. In but 

few instances are these salesmen practical furnacemen. 

In many cases they are stove salesmen, whose 

employers have added a furnace to their line, and 

agencies are established on account of the reputation 

of the stove end of the business. Very naturally the 

results have not been satisfactory to dealer or user 

in a majority of installations and the furnace industry 

has suffered in consequence. 

Many furnaces in the past have fairly good results 

and previous to the recent large advances in the price 

of fuel the difference of a ton or two of coal did not 

materially affect the average consumer provided he 

kept his house warm. But with the present high fuel 

prices greater attention must be given towards conservation. 

The most imperative improvement is in the installation 

end and the quicker we can obtain action the 

better. Ask any owner of a warm-air furnace, particularly 

a woman, what is the chief ob- 

Installation jection to the same and the answer will 

Must Be be the dirt and smoke. What will be 

More the next objection? That certain rooms 

Intelligent cannot be heated satisfactorily on 

windy days and that the drafts on the 

floors are too cold. Another objection and a serious 

one too, is that the air is too dry. Does that not


about cover every kick? And isn't it about time that 

these conditions were corrected? 

In alluding to installations of this character, do 

not get the impression that tliere are no good installations. 

There are thousands of them and I believe the 

average installer does better work to-day than ever 

before. But I do think the manufacturer or jobber 

is greatly in error who sells his furnace to any one, 

regardless of his ability and ideas are still so varied 

that with all that has been said and done we are still 

very far apart. 

So much for the past but what of the future ? 

Greater progress will positively have to be made. This 

is true of all methods of lieating. The day of cheap 

fuel is past and a day is dawning when 

Positive Pro- we will not only be more careful how 

gress Essen- and into what we throw our black diatial 

monds but the day is near when the 

cheap or carelessly installed furnace 

will go to the discard. A day will come when you 

cannot afford to supply a pound more iron or steel 

than is needed to secure efficient results. With pig 

iron selling at the $50 mark, it is a crime against conservation 

to be wasteful of that article. 

There are lieating engineers who are constantly 

studying the problem of obtaining better and better 

results in the burning of the cheaper grades of fuel 

and the number of these engineers engaged in this 

task should be trebled. The laws of heating are such 

that if failure results in any installation, the violation 

of correct lieating principles should be easily determined 

and corrected. 

With hard coal selling at $15 per ton in cities like 

Chicago and with bituminous coal commanding a 

price more than double that of the past, the heating 

engineer is brought face to face with the problem of 

designing heating apparatus which will reduce materially 

the consumption of fuel and in addition secure 

the installation of heaters in such manner as to deliver 

the largest possible proportion of heat units generated 

by the fuel to the rooms to be heated. 

In designing the future furnace there are many 

fudamental considerations: First, the kinds of fuel 

and their various combustive abilities; second, the 

ratio between grate and heating sur- 

Items Govern- faces; third, the heating surfaces— 

ing Design their thickness, shape, design and location, 

and lastly the travel of the air 

between the casings and the furnace itself. We have 

long realized the necessity of better combustion of 

fuels—What will be developed in the furture is at 

this time pretty much a problem. The possibilities 

are so great that the more we study the question the 

more we realize the crudness of our methods. The 

combustion of each kind of fuel is a problem in itself 

and to design a heating apparatus for each is perhaps 

out of the question at this time. 

Perhaps it will interest you to know at this time 

that there is a new svstem known as "surface combustion 

and flameless heat." This new process is applicable 

to all kinds of gaseous or vaporized fuels. The 

temperatures attained are not only very much higher 

but the fuel consumed is onh' about one half that required 

in similar furnaces fired in the ordinary 

way by flame contact. It is our judgment, however, 

that it will require many years before this 

new system will come into common practice. 

The process of combustion in the ordinary heating 

furnace to-day does not meet the conditions required 

The ordinary round pot cannot develop the maximum 

of combustion. Consider for a moment that a fire is 

started with a clear grate and that every condition as 

to draft, air supply and depth of fuel bed is ideal. 

This condition cannot last long for the burning of a 

few pounds of coal will immediately change the air 

supply or the sudden raising of the velocity of the 

wind will upset the combustion. 

The line between poor and perfect combustion is 

very thin and one has only to consider what happens 

to a gas lighting mantle when the pressure of the gas 

supply is changed. If the pressure rises, excess air 

is supplied causing a reduction in light. If the pressure 

falls, the lack of air causes the gases to condense 

and consequently, the mantle becomes coated with soot 

or carbon and this same condition exists when burning 

coal. 

We, of course, realize the necessity of excess air 

above the fuel bed when burning soft coal, especially, 

but this excess of air is a detriment after a certain 

stage in the fuel bed has been reached. Many fuels 

swell during the coking process, frequently wedging 

themselves so firmly against the sides of the pot as 

to almost entirely stop all possibility of the air passing 

through the bed of fuel. 

The foregoing should be sufficient evidence to warrant 

greater attention to combustion and that the 

kinds of fuel that will be consumed have a logical 

bearing on the entire design of the furnace. 

Knowing, therefore, what will happen in the ordinary 

fire pot, a radical change in design will be necessary. 

Slotted pots are very much of. a question 

for they eitlier deliver an excess of air or 

Fire Pot the slots become closed, making same no 

Change better than an ordinary straight side pot 

Needed and what is true of the pot is also true of 

the grate. My experience has demonstrated 

that no air should pass through the center of the fuel 

bed and that combustion should take place at outer 

edges of the pot as the gases driven off when air passes 

through the center are too rich in carbon for proper 

combustion. 

With such conditions existing in the fire pot, it is 

in my judgement essential to give it further consideration. 

Let us assume that 1 in. is the proper thickness 

for durability and efficiency. Then, every added 

amount of iron will produce latent heat which for 

illustration will be the same as the latent heat in a 

quantity of water below the boiling point in a steam 

boiler or to give another illustration, the amount of 

aditional heat required to bring a wash boiler full of 

water to a steam point as against the required heat to 

bring the water to a steam point in a tea-kettle. 

Therefore, if you add wings and flanges suflicient 

to equal in weight a fire pot 2 in. thick, you increase in 

proportion the latent heat which lowers the temperature 

of the pot and naturally reduces the velocity of 

the air. However, if you extend flues on the sides of 

the heater of a tubular type, up to a certain 

temperature wherein the rays of heat are not 

excessively strong the air within the casing will increase 

in temperature and naturally in velocitv and 

in this case heavy castings prove satisfactory.

JULY 30. 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER III 

but from the point of economy in construction 

as well as efficiency, if the fire pot was 

54 in. thick and a sufficient number of wingers were 

added to bring same up to the standard pot of 1 in. 

thick. We believe this construction most efficient as 

well as economical as the same will serve as a safety 

valve or governor to the pot. This same system will 

also apply to all radiating surfaces coming in direct 

contact with the fire. 

The proportion of radiating surface to grate surface 

is one of vital importance. After careful consideration 

of tests in the past we have concluded that approximately 

65 to 70 per cent of the 

Grate and heating surfaces should be direct heat- 

Badiating ing surfaces and 30 to 35 per cent flue 

Surface surface. But we still know compara- 

Proportion. tively little about the amount of heat 

transmitted. Some engineers have assumed 

a heat transmission of 1800 B. t. u's. per square 

foot of direct radiating surface per hour under full 

load. Therefore, the ratio of grate surface to heating 

surface is still a question for there is another 

factor that has not been given consideration, namely, 

the shape or design of the direct heating surfaces. 

Heat rays and their effects have had very little 

consideration in the past and as you know that heat 

rays travel at right angles to the casting, can you 

imagine what happens when the shape of the heating 

surface is such as to have the heat rays cross one 

another? Is there not a possibility of compounding 

the heat energy thereby ? 

A professor in one of our universities made the 

statement recently that he believed that the heat radiated 

from the casings was the only reason that many 

furnaces gave any results at all. The ordinary top 

radiator ljas shown itself somewhat of a question in 

past tests and from what we can determine, if it were 

not for the heat rays from the combustion dome being 

thrown upon the radiator, it is questionable if the 

surface of the radiator is worth the cost of the iron 

as we all know that the bottom of the radiator as well 

as the sides becomes covered with soot and ashes to 

such extent as to insulate iron to a marked degree. 

In order that you may judge these statements, take 

off the upper section of the radiator of any furnace 

of such type leaving lower section covered with soot 

and ashes, project a pipe 4 to 6 in. into the dome and 

attach smoke pipe to it; recase the furnace, fire it, and 

I am sure you will have a surprise coming. 

Casing areas are also a big factor. One feature 

that often helps out a heating plant, i.e., when the 

resistance of the plant is high, then the air passes 

through very slowly and enters the rooms at a high 

temperature. On the other hand if the resistance is 

low, the air passes through easily not receiving as 

much heat and therefore, entering the rooms at a 

very low temperature. 

It would be no trouble to keep you here for another 

hour for there are still many other features that re 

Give him a free hand in his work and, while he should 

not look for large immediate results, I am sure the returns 

therefrom will be well worth the cost. 

The University of Illinois at Urbana, under the 

able leadership of Professor A. C, Williard and in 

co-operation with the National Warm Air Heating 

and Ventilating Association, has been carrying on a 

series of tests of warm air furnaces. The work it has 

done and the discoveries that have been made are in 

many instances startling and the data that will result 

from these tests will have much to do with the standardization 

of the warm air furnace of the future. 

Tliere is a standing invitation to everyone to visit 

the laboratory and those who do not avail themselves 

of the privilege are loosing much. The inspiration 

one gets is well worth the trip. 

Let's quit condemning, quit throwing stones, fight 

for better installations, go to praising and adopt the 

slogan— 

"Heat with Vaporized Warm Air." 

Can Lighter Air Displace the Heavier? 

The writer has been studying the pipeless furnace 

question for several years and has made a number of 

installations' all of them successful. He has had 

occasion to read a number of pieces of literature 

issued by various manufacturers, including some of the 

most prominent making this device, and he has yet to 

find one that did not state in words to the same effect 

that, "the heated air penetrates to even the most remote 

corners of the house, displacing the cooled air 

and forcing it downward until it is drawn into the 

furnace." 

This is an exact quotation from one manufacturers 

advertising matter, having been used in four different 

booklets printed for him. 

I asked a representative of the house making the 

furnace I am now installing why his company persisted 

in printing such nonsense, knowing it was absurd. 

He explained it by saying that everybody 

thought that was the way it worked, and it was not up 

to his house to educate them up to the real facts with 

the possibility of confusing them. 

This I believe is a mistaken attitude. Surely there 

are those among his prospective customers who realize 

that warm air cannot shove cold air downward, that in 

reality it is the cold air that displaces the warm, and 

shoves it up. The reason the cold air descends is the 

same as that which caused the apple to drop on 

Newtons head, thus inducing the discovery of that law 

of gravity which our friends the manufacturers so 

blithely disregard in their advertising because "everybody 

thinks it doesn't apply to warm air." 

It is my opinion that the basic principles of warmair 

heating are very simple and that manufacturers, 

installers, salesmen and others who attempt to make 

a mystery of it are working an injury to themselves 

quire much thought, such as humidity, automatic regu and to their profession. 

lation, ratings, air circulation, fan systems, forced Certainly the pipeless furnace is a simple proposi 

draft and installations in general. 

tion, yet those covering the most intricate mechanical 

I am sure you will agree with me that the furnace system, and is difficult to make work satisfactory if 

of the future will be a much changed article. There complaints are made. I prefer the type with separate 

«»e, allow me to recommend to the furnace cold air intakes outside of the casing, as I can then 

manufacturer that he engage a competent engineer. take off a heat run to a poorly heated room if I wish.


Warm Weather Plumbing Practice 

Interesting Installation of Sanitary Equipment in Warm Climate of Florida 

PLUMBING practice in the arrangement and connection 

of waste and vent pipes differs in the 

various States and a typical job in Florida would 

be impracticable in Maine. Outside piping is used 

very often in Florida cities where the weather is never 

•—well, hardly ever—a menace to its continuance in 

good condition, and C. O. Langston, inspector of 

plumbing of Duval County, Jacksonville, Fla., sends 

an example of work done in his locality. 

The accompanying elevation shows the north side 

of a two-story frame residence, which was built before 

sewer connections were available with the water and 

soil pipes exposed to the weather as would be the 

cause of certain trouble in the North. The projecting 

room shown in the reproduced photograph provides a 

spacious, well-ventilated and lighted bathroom, for 

it has three windows. The three fixtures, a watercloset, 

lavatory and bathtub, are properlv connected 

to the main stack, fitting for toilet first, then the tub 

and above the quarter bend a four by two tee for the 

lavatory. 

The lead trap for the tub can be seen just under 

the ceiling exposed as well as the hot and cold water 

pipes. At the bottom a combination fitting and clean- 

ELEVATIOX SHOWING PLUMBING OUTFIT 

out are placed close to the sill and easily opened in 

case of stoppage. The pipe is thus kept up owing to 

the lack of fall to the only available sewer a block 

distant, into which four others similar to this liouse 

connect. This layout is typical of many jobs that are 

installed in Florida, and would perhaps be a curiosity 

in cold States because of the freezing danger. 

About every 15 or 16 years these places get a good 

freeze-up, specially if the water is not turned off as 

stop and waste are provided, but used so seldom that 

people do not know how, or rather forget, to turn off 

the water, and a freeze-up is the result. 

Where houses are out of the sewer district, a septic 

tank is used, and the elevation diagram presented 

shows â bungalow with this system of waste disposal. 

The outlet from the tank is through a terra cotta 

REPRODUCED PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING BATHROOM PIPING 

IN FLORIDA 

drain laid with open joints, which enable the effluent 

to soak away in the sandy soil. Attention is particularly 

called to the arrangement of the stop and waste 

cock, as shown at the right side of the illustration, 

which is generally used in the northern part of Florida. 

It will be noted that after passing the stop the

j, ,.v 30. 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 143 

service has a branch to a sill cock and a tee continues 

the main service pipe to the other fixtures in the house. 

This has been found the most desirable method of 

niacin"- this important cut-off. There is no box to 

rot away or to become broken as in the case of terra 

cotta. Neither will there be a chance of its location 

being lost, as occurs in many instances by the rain 

and sand causing it to become leveled with the yard, 

beino' only 2 or 3 inches above the ground. On a dark 

and cold night one can quickly cut off the water 

without getting a fire shovel and a crowbar, which 

many people use in a crisis. These particular cutoffs 

are not often needed here, being out of the ground 

thev rarely freeze, give satisfaction and can be seen 

at all times. 

The plumbing law in Duval County requires that 

in every residence a toilet and sink must be installed. 

These are the safety-first sanitary methods. When 

plumbing is installed, it must be done right and efforts 

are now being made to have every plumbing job 

installed correctly. To this end it is likely that at 

the next session of the State Legislature a law will 

be passed covering every home in Florida. 

Frost-proofing the Water Supply 

By W. B. G. 

A N unique piece of frost-proofing put in last year 

has proved its worthiness by standing much 

weather far below zero last winter during which 

time the water was never turned off for any purpose. 

l'UUS'l-1 ROOFING THE WATER SUPPLY 

The pipe rises to the kitchen from the ground 

through space more or less open to the outer air, and 

even more likely to freeze the pipe than many neigh 

borhood jobs that did freeze, whatever their protection 

of the usual type. 

In the junk at the shop was a broken length of 

flanged pipe that had belonged to a frost-proof hopper 

outfit. This was cut off to reach from some 

inches in the ground to the bottom of the floor, as 

shown by the accompanying sketch. 

A board was placed on two trestles and the vertical 

piece of supply stuck through a hole so as to project 

up the distance needed to reach above the floor. Halfinch 

felt was then wrapped on to the length the flange 

pipe would cover it. 

The flanged pipe was set over the supply concentric 

with it and the space between the felt and pipe 

filled with asphalt. When the asphalt had solidified 

the whole business was handled as one chunk. An 

ell was put on the bottom end and the supply caught 

from the outside through a drill hole under the 

foundation. 

The frost-proofing was made a feature of this job, 

and while it was more work and more costly than the 

usual slipshod way in which work is too often done, 

there is no danger of the covering slipping down and 

exposing the pipe at the top, as one often finds the 

case when repairing. 

Better Production in Prospect 

The efficiency of labor is increasing, according to 

reports from 49 manufacturers operating in 40 different 

lines of industry in New York City. This testimony 

is submitted to the Industrial Bureau of the 

Merchants' Association by the same manufacturers 

who reported in September, 1919, that in general labor 

was not more than 70 per cent, efficient, judged by 

normal standards. 

The following statements are made by manufacturers 

in the jewelry, automobile accessories and candy 

business: 

The fact that there has been a slight increase in the productivity 

of labor i.s in no sense, in our opinion, due to the 

conscience-stricken feeling that may have pervaded labor, 

but rather to the prevalent dullness through which all industries 

are now passing. This condition has finally been 

driven home to labor, which realizes that its intolerant attitude 

will no longer prevail. The reason to which we attribute 

the slight increase in production is because of the 

fact that we have changed from week work to piece work 

in several of our departments, and from a manufacturing 

point of view week work encourages soldiering, while piece 

work prevents it. 

Piece Work System 

From reports of members to Merchants' Association 

of New York these extracts are taken: 

"In all departments that we have inaugurated the 

piece work system the output is entirely satisfactory 

but the output on time labor is fully 30 per cent, below 

normal." 

"In so far as our skilled piece work labor is concerned, 

we are pleased to report that normal efficiency 

now prevails. . . . We find that indifference exists 

among the ordinary time Yvorkers, who, while they 

are receiving what we believe is good pay in our plant 

and perhaps better than paid in some others, are, 

nevertheless, inclined to be indolent."

144 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 30. 1920 

Short Horn Outlets Make Permanent Sanitary Connection 

and Permits Big Saving in Manufacturing Expense 

Connecting Closets to Drains 

By Overheard 

AY I have the floor to make a few observations? 

I am constrained to put the question in that 

way by the difficulties which some of the members 

had in securing the floor to speak at the recent 

convention of the National Association of Master 

Plumbers. 

I was quite impressed with the way the report of 

the Standardization Bureau was received. Unfortunately, 

the real important part of the report was not 

reached until the hearers had been worried with a long 

list of names that should not have been read, nor did 

the" get to the final discussion of the report in letters 

from men who had had time to consider and comment 

upon it. 

That is always one of the disadvantages of a gathering 

which must give consideration to a matter when 

the members have neither multigraphed nor printed 

copies in their hands to follow the reader as the 

niatter is presented. This lack of information and 

opportunity to digest the recommendations may have 

been accountable for the somewhat reactionary and 

Bourbonistic spirit shown. 

The suspicion that seemed manifest was that the 

Bureau was trying to secure support to which it was 

not entitled; that it was doing things for the manufacturer 

instead of for the whole trade. That idea is 

wholly erroneous. And, when some of the speakers 

expressed the opinion that it would be accomplished 

with or without the aid of those who seemed to obstruct 

favorable action on the report it was unfortunate. 

But it was referred to the officers, subject to 

their powers and there is destined to better consideration. 

I am more interested in the views expressed on the 

short horn water-closet outlet that the manufacturers 

have started in to make. It will force a better floor 

connection than has heretofore been used in connection 

with closets and I have been in- 

Short Outlet formed that some manufacturers of 

Horn Here special lines have made their closets in 

to Stay this way for a long time back. And yet 

broken from the insecure base that was the result of 

the extended horn than should have been. And this 

expense was borne alike by the plumbers, the jobber, 

the manufacturer and, of course, the public. 

The manufacturer has one large expense that justifies 

the step on his part. It was practically necessary 

for him to have a separate drying room for his 

closets because the shelves on which they were dried 

were specially constructed. The 

New Construe- closets could not be put on the same 

tion Affords shelves that would be used for lava- 

Fast Saving tories and other sanitary earthenware 

made in the pottery. This entailed 

more building, more warehouse space, more investment 

of capital and all of that sort of thing, which 

in a large measure can be eliminated when a closet 

is used that will set flat and be safe. The plumber 

may as well think that over first as last. He has 

claimed to be progressive and responsible for all of 

the advances made, but at the present time the reactionary 

element seems to be disposed to impede progress 

by hanging onto the old thing which was never 

good. 

A putty joint is an improper thing in connection 

with a water-closet, unless it is so made that it cannot 

possibly be broken. The short horn closet will certainly 

force the provision of some sort of a mechanical 

contrivance of metal that will firmly 

A Truly and securely connect the water-closet 

Sanitary with the drainage system and in a man- 

Connection ner that will be workmanlike, making 

it both water and gas tight, whoever 

does the work. In the end the man who lives in the 

liouse or the woman who brings up a family in the 

home will have a better connection between the watercloset 

and the drainage system than the men who 

"buiided better than they knew" have ever provided 

in the past. 

It is fortunate that there is a large number of 

plumbers who are progressive, who are deeply studious 

of conditions and who reconize in the present 

there did not seem to be anybody who • step a movement in the right direction. 

forced consideration of this fact upon those who were, There is nothing that had been done by the Stan 

it seemed, opposed to it at the convention. The short dardization Bureau, whether recommended by the 

horn closet seems to be here to stay. It is time for plumber, the jobber or the manufacturer, which has 

the plumber, who is not as progressive as he should not had to stand the test of the shrewd, capable, ex 

be, and who forms the large majority of the plumbing perienced members of the committee. A far more 

trade, to come up-to-date with his ideas. He should intelligent recommendation will come from these men 

learn how to connect the short horn water-closets to than the comments that may be made on their work 

the plumbing systems and to get the price for such in so large a gathering as was present at the Pitts 

equipment that will insure to his customer a far betburgh convention. 

ter connection than he has ever made before in his Fortunately there are already several different 

life. 

water-closet floor flange inventions on the market 

The question as to whether or not the step is justi some of which will enable a closet to be replaced with 

fiable mav well be answered. More closets were


one with a short outlet horn, with a slight additional 

cost for the new fittings that will make 

New Connec- the building in whicli it is placed santions 

Already itary at the floor connection for the 

Available first time. This is a decided step in 

advance and a gain for sanitation that 

the plumber can worthily take pride in. If tliere are 

some who have not looked at this from the viewpoint 

that has been taken here, it will not be strange. Nor 

is there a disposition to censure them, but rather to 

most cordially invite them to study the connection in 

the interest of the final purchaser and of permanancy. 

Then they can see that the small cost, whether included 

in the price of the closet by the manufacturer 

or an additional price that must be paid for the special 

fittings, is well worth the expenditure. 

It is fortunate that closet construction is so nearly 

standardized that any one of the new inventions may 

be used in connection with the closets. The plumber 

can select the one in which he earnestly believes and 

use it to his customers' advantage. 

This is a question that has been receiving attention 

on the part of those who, interested in bringing 

plumbing codes up-to-date and, inasmuch as in many 

instances the journeymen plumbers have been as active 

in this work as have their employers, they are as well 

informed on what the short outlet horn water-closet 

entails. They are willing to do their part and many 

are quite enthusiastically in favor of the movement so 

well under way that nothing can retard it. 

It has much to recommend it in great saving in cost 

to the manufacturers and in the final certainty of an 

absolutely sanitary connection in the building wherever 

a water-closet is used. 

Shall Tool Equipment be Sold on 

the Installment Plan? 

A PLUMBER, who is W. E. Storm, Jr., Lakewood, 

N. J., rented a store to a shoemaker. He noted 

the up-to-date methods with which the young 

Russian with no education started to success. 

The first thing he did was to buy an up-to-date machine 

for finishing his work and save labor for himself. 

The shoemaker stated that he can make with this machine 

from $65 to $95 per day at an expense of from 

$4 to $6 per month for electric power. The patent 

more up-to-date pattern. If he can't pav for the machine 

as the Russian shoemaker did, it is his fault, or 

his family is too large, or he is too big a sport and 

plays too much pinnochle and never wins. 

Here is a thought for any one of the concerns who 

make pipe-threading machines. Any one of the firms 

who make farm water systems can put on the market 

a pipe-threading machine on the same terms as the 

shoemaker buys his machine. If the plumbing and 

steam work is going behind in business methods, it is 

time for them to take, for example, what is going 

on in the shoemaking line. 

Quaint Rites of the Bath 

Back in Bible times came the idea of a swimming 

pool, and in Solomon's temple there was built the 

most wonderful one the world has known. It would 

hold 3,000 bathers and was used by the high priests. 

Bathing is for the Finn a rite for which the first 

building on his farm is erected. It has a main room 

with a huge fireplace and a smaller room leading off 

this. On tub day the stones which surround the fireplace 

are superheated, then raked out and immersed 

in many pails of water, which causes enough steam 

to envelop the wliole family in their steam bath. 

Into the anteroom then they go one by one and are 

rinsed off with a pail of water, finally finishing the 

process with a vigorous roll in the snow. 

As the great oven in which the baking has been 

done is cooling, in crawls the Russian peasant and 

after a good sweating has his wife throw a pail of 

water over him, but his peculiarity is that he puts 

back on the same clothing and therefore is looked 

upon a.s not clean. Saturday is the day for his bath 

since an immaculate Sunday is a part of his creed. 

It was once customary in some parts of France 

for the whole family to use the same tub of water in 

succession, although for the guest there was a special 

arrangement whereby the tub was skimmed. 

One can rent a full bathing outfit from traveling 

vendors of the bath who heat the water while you 

wait and charge but a modest sum. 

Time is not much of a factor in the life of the 

West African Bantu, who prepares for his soaking 

by first digging a hole in the ground into which are 

placed seven herbs, peppers, seeds and bushes, and 

finally covered by boiling hot water. Then in jumps 

the Bantu, to steam and steam and steam for hours. 

finishing machine cost $285 on easy payments of $50 

down and $15 per month on the contract until paid A professional kneader then takes him in hand and 

for, the correctness being assured by having the op after an hour he is considered fit to be called clean. 

portunity of reading over the contract as a witness to Public baths are characteristic of the Japanese, 

it when it was signed. 

who bathe quietly and without any concern for those 

Now the question is: Where can a plumber starting about. The attendant keeps the water at an even 

in business buy a pipe-threading machine on such 110 degrees Fahrenheit. 

terms or as good terms as were offered by the manu Great occasions call forth the concession of the 

facturers of the shoemaking machine to the shoe Ainu whereby he will wash his face and hands. The 

maker? It has an up-to-date motor of the best make, man of the Thibet claims that the oil of the body 

is of first-class construction and much more difficult gives him the needed warmth and will once in a 

and expensive to make than a pipe-threading machine. while wash away the dust from face and finger tips. 

What the plumber and the journeyman want is a People who live in hot climates naturally spend 

pipe machine run by electric power and to be pur much time in the water, but do not use soap often. 

chased on the same terms as the shoe machine which As for the Esquimau, he gets quite wet during the 

was sold to the shoemaker. If it should wear out, it fishing season when he wades out for the nets, but 

shows that the piping contractor has made money and his wife knows how water feels when she disen 

can afford to buy a new one of a later date and a tangles the nets for him.—Valve World.

146 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 30. 1920 





__ty Eduoard E. Parker 

PART XI 

W A T E R boils in an open vessel at 212 deg. Fahr. without going through it. In that case there should 

the boiling point in an ordinary open tank always be a bypass with a swing check valve in it 

heating system is somewhat greater than that leading from the bottom of the expansion tank back 

owing to the fact that the height of the into the expansion pipe below the saftety valve in 

Pressure water in the system increases the pres- order to run the water which goes through the safety 

Devices sure on the water in the system at the valve when it expands, back into the system again 

point where the heat is applied. In when it contracts. 

ordinary residences the height at which the expansion A better method where it can be done is to use 

tank can be put is so limited that 220 deg. is about as the reservoir of the municipal water works for an ex 

hot as the water in the heater can be raised. In actual pansion tank by connecting the heating plant in the 

practice the temperature must be kept considerably be liouse directly to the street main. This should not 

low that. For this reason it is usual to make hot-water be done if the water pressure at the cellar exceeds 40 

radiators 60 per cent larger than steam radiators de lb. as that is about the limit at which radiator manusigned 

to do the same work. This is one of the prinfacturers will guarantee their goods. 

cipal objections urged against hot-water heating. A pressure of 40 lbs at the heater means that the 

No housekeeper wants more ironmongery set up in expansion tank has been elevated to about 90 ft., and 

her principal rooms than is necessary, and in many the water will not boil until it reaches a temperature 

modern homes there is so little blank wall space that of 286 deg. This allows the water in extreme weather 

sometimes it is puzzling to find room for the furniture, to be circulated through the radiators at about 240 

to say nothing of radiator space. This causes a de deg. or hotter than steam would be likely to be in an 

mand to cut down the size of radiators as much as ordinary steam heating system, hence radiators figured 

upon a steam basis would be big enough. 

In erecting a street pressure system of hot water 

heating, care should be taken that no valve should be 

used, so that by closing it the system will be sealed. 

The connection between the water supply and the 

heating system should be made in the attic and not 

in the cellar. Fig. 26 shows the type of valve which 

FIG. 2G. A THREE-WAY should always be used and Fig. 27 the method of 

VALVE FOR USE ON MAINS connection. 

WITH RADIATORS BELOW. It will be seen that this valve has two seats. If 

cxÔ 

the disc is shut hard against the upper seat, the handle 

always is at the bottom. Then the water can come 

in freely through the opening on the left hand side 

of the valve and go into the heating plant through 

the opening on the right. The pressure on the inside 

tr~rf 

of the heater will always be the same as that produced 

by a column of water as high as that in the reser 

possible. Where this condition prevails, the only way 

to do it, and at the same time heat the house comfortably, 

is to add some sort of a device to prevent 

the water from boiling until it reaches a temperature 

much hotter than the normal boiling point. 

Numerous schemes for this purpose have been tried 

with more or less success. The Perkins system already 

described, represents the limit of endeavor in 

this direction, since it makes no provision for letting 

any of the pressure escape except by the remote contingency 

of an explosion. 

Sometimes the desired pressure is put upon the 

water by installing a safety valve below the expansion 

tank so that no water can get into the expansion tank 

voir at the water works. If the water is heated it 

expands perhaps 4 per cent when the fire is first built, 

but only a trifling amount after that. This water of 

expansion is pushed back into the pipe coming from 

the cellar. 

The length of the pipe between the point where 

the water supply enters the cellar and the place where 

it joins the heating apparatus in the upper part of 

the house is big enough to prevent any considerable 

amount of the expansion water from getting into the 

house supply. This atic connection serves another 

good purpose. It prevents the system from being 

emptied if the street main should be shut off or 

broken, as no water can be drained out except what


is in the pipe between the double disc valve and the 

street main. 

If repairs become necessary, or if it is desirable to 

use an open tank system, all that is needed to make 

it one is to turn the handle of the valve until the disc 

comes down solid on the bottom seat. This cuts off 

the water from the street supply and opens the gate 

between the heater and the expansion tank. 

If the water supply is metered a bypass as shown 

in Fig. 28, must be put around the meter so that any 

water" that may be expanded can be pushed into the 

street without going through the meter. Local ordinances, 

not always logical, sometimes forbid this arrangement, 

in which case some other form of pressure 

device must be used. 

Where the street water pressure is too great or too 

small to be used as a pressure device in heating work 

there are mercurial devices for accomplishing the same 

purpose. The Honeywell system is probably the best 

known of these and is typical of all. 

Mercurial 

Devices 

When the water in a plant to wliich one 

of these devices is attached, begins to 

heat, the expansion causes it to lift a 

column of mercury. When the pressure reaches a 

certain point about 10 lbs. it is relieved by the surplus 

water being forced up through the mercury into 

the expansion tank. Care should be taken, when 

such a device is used, the the water in the expansion 

tank has sufficient head to enable it to flow back into 

the system through the mercury seal when the pressure 

is removed. 

There is little opportunity for the fitter to make 

mistakes in installing these devices. He will always 

have on hand the very minute directions issued by 

the people who manufacture them. Action and re- 

Cooling Co/1 

Overf/oW 

Expansion 7ank^* 

Three • wai/ Valve - X 

_>J3 

._> .i 

Fio. 27. METHOD OF CONNECTING THREE-WAY VALVE 

action are always equal. Therefore too much faith 

should not be given to the claim that putting a little 

pressure on the water in a hot-water heating plant 

will cause it to circulate with great velocity, or that 

"Sick, waterlogged jobs which would never circulate 

the water before, will begin to work satisfactorily as 

soon as one of these arrangements is attached." The 

time and money which the people making these devices 

have expended in educating the trade to better 

_. 

methods of piping in connection with their devices, 

has been well spent. 

It is quite common to find places where it is desirable 

to have a hot-water lieating plant so arranged 

that boiling, not simply hot, water can be had at 

times if needed. This often liappens on farms, where 

milk cans need cleaning, etc. No attempt should be 

made to take this water out of the lieating plant itself, 

But, if some sort of a pressure scheme be 

adopted so that the water may be heated 20 deg. or 

Check IALVIT 

FIG. 28. BYPASS 

-Meter 

-Shut Off Cock 

From Street 

3 

AVOID DANGEROUS PRESSURE WHERE 

METER IS L T SED 

so above the normal boiling point, a jacket kettle 

may be attached to the system in the same manner as 

a radiator, in which the required water may be quickly 

brought to the boiling point. 

In arranging the apparatus for this use care should 

be taken to run the vent pipe as directly as possible 

to the pressure valve below the expansion tank so that 

if any steam collects, it will not tend to push the water 

out of the system. Then a gate valve should be put 

in the return main so that no water except that going 

through the jacket kettle can return to the heater. 

This generally involves putting in a separate return 

from the kettle. 

To Be Continued 

Fire Protection Measures For 

Installing Heating Equipment 

HFATING equipment is the cause of over 20 per 

cent, of the fires occurring in institutional 

buildings and is responsible for more fires than 

any otlier one cause, says the National Fire Protection 

Association. 

Furnaces and boilers should be installed in a separate 

fire-resisting room, or at least set on non-combustible 

bases and the proper clearance provided between 

them and all woodwork. The same precautions 

apply to coal ranges which do not stand on legs. 

All chimneys should have at least 8-in. brick walls 

and flue linings except in one-story buildings where 

an ordinary stove is operated, a 4-in. chimney wall 

and lined 'flue may be used. Chimneys and stove 

pipes should be thoroughly cleaned each fall before 

the fires are started and the plumber and furnace 

man could greatly increase his business by emphasizing 

this necessity. Woodwork should in no case be 

bedded in chimney walls and proper clearance should 

be provided about all stacks, stoves and steam pipes. 

It is not generally realized that the heat from steam

148 METAL WORKER, PLUMRERANDSTEAMFITTER JULY 30, 1920 

pipes will convert wood into charcoal, which takes 

fire spontaneously and therefore wood floors and walls 

are often in contact with the hot metal when safety 

demands the proper air space between them. 

Stove pipe should never pass through closets, attics 

or other concealed spaces, but they should be set 

away from the surrounding woodwork. Also they 

should be properly supported and the joints securely 

riveted. 

Woodwork or clothing in contact with hot steam 

pipes of dryers in laundries have started fires. The 

dryers should be of metal throughout and the steam 

pipes protected by wire screening. The flame of 

gas mantles also should be carefully guarded. 

Flexible gas tubing is likely to develop leaks or 

become loose and therefore should be prohibited, with 

rigid pipe connection recommended in its place. Noncombustible 

brackets are essential for properly supporting 

gas meters and the pipes above meters should 

be bridged with wire or metal bars to conduct electrical 

current to the ground without passing through 

the meter itself. The use of lead pipe should be condoned 

and suflicient valves provided on the meter 

connection to enable immediately shutting off the 

supply of gas in case of fire. 

One or more 2V_:~g a l- soda acid fire extinguishers 

should be available for use in specially hazardous 

places in institutions, such as workshops, sorter rooms, 

laundries or kitchens. This hand extinguishing appliance 

is verv effective and operates by the action of 

sulphuric acid upon bicarbonate of soda. The pump 

type of extinguisher of 2 or 3-pt. capacity is extremely 

valuable for use on oil or electrical fires and 

can usually be operated by any person, but are not 

recommended for general use upon fires in wood, 

paper and similar material. 

Wife's Thimble the Mother of Gas 

Burners 

In the old days of Redruth when making gas in his 

backyard and burning it in his office, to the wonderment 

of the rustics of the neighborhood, who could 

not understand there being the possibility of a flame 

without a wick—they had been brought up from their 

childhood to the tallow dip and the oil lamp—Murdock 

first burned his gas simply as a flame from the 

end of the gas pipe and when he wanted to cut off 

the gas, his method was extremely simple. 

Taking a small plug of clay, Murdock rammed it 

into the end of the pipe. You must remember that he 

had only just begun to experiment, and he was not at 

all sure what would happen if the small holder in 

the backyard was to ground and the pressure of the 

weight of the holder was to be taken off the gas. 

Murdock had some sort of dim fear that there might 

be trouble, and at one of his exhibitions he suddenly 

saw his flame beginning to grow gradually small, and 

he realized his holder in the yard was getting low. 

He looked for his plug of clay to cut off the light, 

but unfortunately that plug of clay got knocked onto 

the floor and had rolled under the table. Unable to 

find the plug, Murdock hurriedly looked around for 

something else, and found his wife's thimble. Seizing 

the thimble, Murdock rammed it over the end of the 

pipe—a thoughtless sort of thing a brutal man would 

do—but, smelling the gas, Murdock applied a light 

and saw that the thimble was in the condition that 

every good housewife's thimble should be. It was 

full of small holes drilled by the unsympathetic heads 

of darning needles, and the gas escaping through 

these small holes ignited and to his astonishment 

Murdock saw two or three small jets of flame give 

greater illumination than before had been given from 

the great flare of the pipe. 

Working on that idea, Murdock introduced the 

Cockspur burner. Murdock thought that three jets, 

which to his mind rather represented the Prince of 

Wales' feather, and which he called the Fleur-de-lis 

burner, would be an improvement, and so he welded 

together the end of his gas pipe and drilled out small 

holes, and obtained what was known as the Coxcomb 

burner, a great improvement over the Cockspur. The 

Bats wing burner followed, but flung out the gas too 

far on each side and prevented the use of a globe. 

French Insist on Beauty in Bebuilding 

True "Cities Beautiful" will arise from the wrecks 

of towns which are now struggling to rebuild themselves 

in northern France. The cheap, checkerboard 

appearance which disfigures many otherwise beautiful 

suburbs in America is being carefully avoided by the 

three sets of commissioners which must approve all 

town plans before work of rebuilding may start. Real 

estate "sharks" who came along with schemes for 

selling property and throwing up cheap buildings to 

meet the urgent demands at high rental rates were 

promptly squelched by the French Government. 

These protective methods will delay reconstruction, 

but will undoubtedly make for beautiful, artistic cities 

when the general work of rebuilding finally begins. 

Out of 3,000 towns which must be entirely rebuilt, 

Bethune, in the western sector of the old French 

front, was the first to submit plans for reconstruction. 

As soon as the refugees began to return to Bethune, 

all architects, contractors and builders formed an organization 

for immediate work. The city was divided 

into districts and an experienced contractor voluntarily 

assumed charge of each district. In this way 

the work of clearing away debris progressed rapidly. 

In the meantime architects were at work on plans 

for public buildings, at the same time making estimates 

of the cost of buildings that were destroyed. 

The new plans included the most modern ideas in 

city building known in France and to these were added 

the suggestions of George B. Ford of New York, formerly 

with the American Red Cross and now a representative 

of the French Government. 

The Bethune plan was adopted also by Peronne, 

Lens and Rheims, and it is likely that authorization 

for rebuilding these cities will soon be granted by the 

French Government. 

Mr. Ford recently appeared before American Red 

Cross officials, urging them to impress upon the people 

in their districts the necessity of working out their 

construction along modern lines. The Red Cross has 

supplied Mr. Ford with a list of French towns that 

are applying for adoption by American towns. A 

number of American towns have declared themselves 

willing to adopt French towns.


How Much Is Spasmodic Advertising to Blame 

for Spasmodic Business? 

Peaks and Valleys in Advertising and Sale 

IN the old days of advertising many a great success 

was built up primarily by continuity. When 

I say "old days of advertising," I go back a 

good way, farther even than the memory of the oldest 

copy writer—to the time when Carthage was destroyed 

by the consistent and continuous repetition of 

a slogan, not by big space spasmodically used. 

There was nothing very entrancing or gripping 

about the consistent, year in and year out advertising 

of Dr. Pierce's Medical Discovery or some of the 

famous patent medicine successes of the old days. In 

those days also, probably 75 out of 100 successful 

advertisers were built up, not through clever copy, 

not through tremendous dominating, once in a while 

display, but through consistency, continuity and everlasting 

plugging. 

Advertising history is silent upon with what individual 

advertiser, or at just what particular period 

in development, the sound old practice of continuity 

was exchanged for another, newer, practice. Somewhere 

around 6 or 7 years ago lots of advertisers 

started to shelve the sound old doctrine for a newer 

idea. It seemed to be based upon the slogan, "Whenever 

you appear, be a star." 

To continue a simile stolen from the theatrical profession, 

it was as if James, the butler, who had a 

mighty good opportunity to make himself a real actor 

by playing continuously, and to the best of his 

ability, his modest part in the play, would refuse to 

go on the stage at all unless in every scene and every 

act he could be a star and dominate the performance. 

A very great number of national advertisers gave up 

the old idea of continuity in favor of the dominating 

plan. A mass attack in great force took the place 

of the old idea of keeping continually at it, and continuity 

was passed over in favor of power, seized 

quickly by spasmodic splurges. 

Big, dominating space in the spring and again in 

the fall gradually took the place in many lines of advertising 

of the old-fashioned continual year in and 

year out plugging. It may be perfectly true that 

many successes were made by this method, and yet a 

list of the leading advertisers of the country would 

probably show that the great majority of those who 

occupy a dominant position in their field secured that 

position in the industry by continual year-round advertising. 

Production, sales charts and the wellknown 

graph line may be as old as Archimedes, but 

within the last few years they have been getting more 

and more into general use in industries which before 

rather looked down upon them. 

As publishers came to keep these charts in reference 

to their volume of advertising, and as thev compared 

them with the manufacturers' charts on production 

and sales, it was gradually seen that there 

were many points of similarity between them. Those 

manufacturers who had decided to abandon the old 

idea of continuity in favor of the spring and fall cam- 

* Extracts from an article in Printer's Ink. 

paign were found to be in the position of men who 

are accentuating tlieir own difficulties in many cases. 

Moreover thoughts about advertising were changing 

at the same time in this development. It became 

a proved fact that advertising is far more than the 

mere force to put behind a bunch of merchandise to 

move it at a certain time. It became evident, and it 

was proved by consistent long-time advertisers that 

the force of advertising could put a man at the top 

of his line in the industry. Good will and institutional 

advertising came in for more attention. 

It can be demonstrated that in almost every industry 

the places of leadership have been obtained 

through some form of consistent advertising. A list 

of fifty leading advertisers compiled from thirty-six 

publications, most of them leaders in tlieir fields, 

shows that places of leadership are secured by the 

old standby, all-year-round consistent advertising. 

Continuity was the original principle of advertising, 

and apparently the leading advertisers have been 

getting back to it. In.stead of concentrating all the 

force of advertising to move a big bunch 

A Return of merchandise at peak seasons of the 

to Former year, thus putting an extra strain upon 

Principles labor, transportation and finance, firms 

that obtained a place of leadership 

through consistent advertising got preferential markets 

in all three of these fundamentals. 

Consistent year-round advertising can undoubtedly 

help in stabilizing production, and at the same time 

stabilizing employment of labor. 

Proper use of consistent advertising with modern 

marketing methods in the iron and steel industry 

would make possible the full and complete use of the 

full capacity of these industries, and an increased 

production of commodities at lower cost. Periodic 

depressions follow periodic peaks. Spasmodic efforts 

bring spasmodic results. 

Basic industries need consistent year-round advertising 

and modern marketing methods. Is it not just 

as true that the advertising business and manufacturers 

as a whole need fewer peaks and valleys in 

their sales and production charts and more straight 

lines ? Cannot it also be said with equal truth that 

the way to secure a straight production line is through 

year-round consistent advertising, rather than a tremendous 

boom in advertising at certain periods of the 

year, when labor, transportation and finance are already 

overcrowded by the demands made upon them 

by nature? 

Electric power plants, the telephone companies 

and many others found that real advertising and selling 

instead of simply allowing users to buy whenever 

they felt like it would enable them to sell current 

or service every hour of the twenty-four instead of 

just a few hours during the day. 

Some day one of the great services of advertising 

will be to persuade the basic industries—iron, coal


and steel—to use modern marketing and advertising 

methods to regulate their demands by means of advertising 

so that both production and jirices can be 

maintained uniform. If advertising is ever to perform 

this great service for the American people, it 

should, in the first place, put its own house in order, 

and cut out the peaks and valleys by urging the old, 

half-forgotten virtue of consistency, instead of clever 

ness, continuity instead of domination. 

The extension of the use of advertising in an in 

telligent manner to our basic, as well as all our in 

dustries, should be one of the developments of the 

future. Is it not true that the leaders in their field 

have built their leadership through consistent, 

straightforward, year-round advertising rather than 

by piling up the peaks at certain seasons of the year? 

If this is true, is it not a good time to preach con 

tinuity in advertising for the sake of business as a 

whole, as well as the advertising business in par 

ticular? 

The Relation o± the Public to the Worker 

Principles Submitted by United States Chamber of Commerce, 

to its Membership for an Expression of Opinion 

T W E L V E principles of industrial relations, pre 

pared by a special committee of the United States 

Chamber of Commerce have been sent out to a 

vote of the more than thirteen hundred industrial and 

commercial organizations comprising the membership. 

The principles are intended to include the fundamentals 

of employment relations, and were drawn up 

by members of the Chamber's board of directors after 

the close of the First Industrial Conference to con 

sider the principles presented by the employers' group 

in the conference. 

The committee's report, containing the proposals 

submitted for a vote, is given as follows: 

Employers' relations in Ameriean industry should accord 

uith and express those ideals of justice, equality and individual 

liberty which constitute the fundamentals of our 

national institutions. The terms of employment should conform 

to the essential requirements of economic law and 

sound business practice. They should, through intelligent 

eo-operation, based on a recognition of mutuality of interest 

conduce to high productive efficiency. They should reflect 

in ever-increasing degree an effort to realize broad ideals 

of individual and social betterment. In government and 

public service employment the orderly administration of 

government must be assured, and the paramount interest 

of the public protected. 

With these essential purposes in view, and conscious 

of the obligation of management to insure their ob 

servance and practical operation in industrial affairs, 

the Committee on Industrial Relations of the Cham 

ber of Commerce of the United States of America, 

states its belief in the following principles: 

I. Any person possesses the right to engage in any lawful 

business or occupation, and to enter, individually' or collectively 

into any lawful contract, either as employer or 

employee. These rights are subject to limitation only through 

a valid exercise of public authority. 

II. The right of open-shop operation, that is, the right 

of employer and employee to enter into and determine the 

conditions of employment relations with each other, is an 

essential part of the individual right of contract possessed 

by each of the parties. 

II. All men possess the equal right to associate voluntarily 

for the accomplishment of lawful purposes by lawful 

means. The association of men, whether employers, employees 

or others, for collective action or dealing, confers 

no authority over, and must not deny any right of, those 

who do not desire to act or deal with them. 

IV. The public welfare, the protection of the individual 

and employment relations require that associations or combinations 

of employers or employees, or both, must equally 

be subject to the authority of the State and legally responsible 

to others and that of their agents. 

V. To develop with due regard for the health, safety 

and well-being of the individual, the required output of 

industry is the common social obligation of all engaged 

therein. The restriction of production effort or of output 

by either employer or employee for the purpose of creating 

an artificial scarcity of the product or of labor is an 

injury to society. 

VI. The wage of labor must come out of the product of 

industry and must be earned and measured by its contribution 

thereto. In order that the worker in his own and the 

general interest, may develop his full productive capacity, 

and may thereby earn at least a wage sufficient to sustain 

him upon a proper standard of living, it is the duty of 

management to co-operate with him to secure continuous 

employment suited to his abilities, to furnish incentive and 

opportunity for improvement, to provide proper safeguards 

for his health and safety and to encourage him in all practicable 

and reasonable ways to incre'ase the value of his 

productive effort. 

VII. The number of hours in the work-day or week in 

which the maximum output, consistent with the health and 

well-being of the individual ean be maintained in a given 

industry should be ascertained by careful study and should 

never be exceeded except in case of emergency, and one 

day of rest in seven, or its equivalent, should be provided. 

The reduction in working hours below such economic limit 

in order to secure greater leisure for the individual, should 

lie made only with full understanding and acceptance of the 

fact that it involves a commensurate loss in the earning 

power of the workers, a limitation and a shortage of the 

output of the industry and an increase in the cost of the 

product, with all the necessary effect of these things upon 

the interests of the community and the nation. 

VIII. Adequate means, satisfactory both to the employer 

and his employees and voluntarily agreed to bv them, should 

be provided for the discussion and adjustment of employment 

relations and the just anu prompt settlement of all 

disputes that arise in the course of industrial operation 

IX. When, in the establishment or adjustment of empiovment 

relations, the employer and his employees do not deal 

individually but by mutual consent such dealing is conducted 

by either party through representatives, it is proper for the 

other party to ask that these representatives shall not be 

chosen or controlled by, or in such dealing in any degree ren- 

" T X'u y ° Utskle grou P or interes t in the questions at issue. 

A. lhe greatest measure of reward and well-being for 

both employer and employee and the full social value of 

their service must be sought in the successful conduct and 

full development of the particular industrial establishment 

in which they are associated. Intelligent and practical co-


operation based upon a mutual recognition of this community 

of interest constitutes the true basis of sound industrila 

relations. 

XI. The state is sovereign and cannot tolerate a divided 

allegiance on the part of its servants. While the right of 

government employees—national, state, or municipal—to be 

heard and to secure consideration and just treatment must 

be amply safeguarded, the community welfare demands that 

no combination to prevent or impair the operation of the 

government, or of any government function shall be permitted. 

XII. In publie service activities, the public interest and 

well-being must be the paramount and controlling consid 

eration. The power of regulation and protection exercised 

by the state over the corporation should properly extend to 

the employees in so far as may be necessary to insure the 

adequate, continuous and unimpaired operation of public 

utility service. 

This is the thirty-first referendum submitted since 

the Chamber was organized more than 8 years ago. 

The policies of the Chamber are declared only after 

referendum vote, or on action of annual meetings. 

The voting will close at the expiration of forty-five 

days. A two-thirds majority is necessary to carry. 

Non-Union Agreement Signers Protected 

Cincinnati Court Holds That Unions Must Not Attempt 

to Persuade Employees to Break Their Contracts 

A V E R Y important decision was handed down by that they would not join the union while in plaintiff's 

Judge Hickenlooper in the Superior Court at employ, or, if they decided to join the union, that they 

Cincinnati on July 12. The legality of the non would at once withdraw from such employment. 

union agreement under which some metal working "The exact question in this case," said Judge Hick 

plants are operating was upheld, and a permanent inenlooper, "is whether after the plaintiff's shop had 

junction restraining members of labor unions from in 

been run as a non-union shop for more than four 

vears, the defendants had a right to so conduct tlieir 

terfering, in any way whatsoever, with persons signing 

campaign for membership, by the maintenance of 

those agreements was issued. The decision is expected 

pickets and a solicitation of plaintiff's 

to have far-reaching consequences, as at the present 

The Exact employees, as to injure the plaintiff's 

time a strike of machinists is in progress in some of Question business and deprive him of the services 

the machine tool establishments, and the claim is made Involved of his present employees, and this at a 

that many employees are being kept away from work 

time when there was no strike in prog 

by interference from strikers. The decision referred to ress at plaintiff's shop, and no disagreement between 

two cases, that of C. J. Shafer, doing business as the plaintiff and his employees as to wages or working 

C. J. Shafer Pattern Works vs. International Pattern conditions, and when all of plaintiff's employees are 

Makers' League of North America, et al., and that of employed upon the understanding and agreement that 

John Douglas Co. vs. the Metal Polishers' Interna they would not join the union while in plaintiff's emtional 

Union, Local No. 63, et al. 

ploy, and if it be decided that the defendants were 

In the case of the Shafer Pattern Works, it appears within tlieir rights in approacliing any of the plain 

that plaintiff had run an open shop until about five tiff's employees, will an injunction issue against so 

years ago when he ceased to employ any union men. liciting such employees as haves igned the non-union 

A number of plaintiff's employees, although not all, agreement above referred to. 

signed separate so-called non-union agreements where "It is our opinion that, in the absence of contract 

by it was agreed that, in accepting employment with for a definite term of employment, the advantages to 

the plaintiff, the employee did so upon the understand society which are claimed for unionism furnish the 

ing that the employer did not recognize and would not just cause or excuse for the intentional injury occa 

have any dealings with a labor union, and that the 

sioned by a strike. If, therefore, the ememployee 

would not become a member of any such When ployment be at will and the advantages 

labor union while in the employ of the plaintiff and Picketing of organization constitute just cause and 

would have no dealings, communications or interview's Is Legal excuse for persuading others to join the 

with officers, agents or members of any labor union in 

labor movement, it follows that picketing 

relation to membership by the employee in such labor is not per se illegal and it further follows that the 

union or in relation to the employee's employment. court must reject as unsound the dictume of the Hitch- 

It was shown in the Shafer case that in the early part man case (245 U. S. 2-19) that inducing a servant to 

of September, 1919, the defendants commenced a cam quit his employment, which is at will, may be enjoined 

paign of organization through which it was sought to where there is no contract restricting the employee's 

increase the membership in the local pattern makers' right to enter into the attending negotiations. We do 

league or union; that as a step in the accomplishment not consider, therefore, that it is unlawful for the 

of this purpose the plaintiff's place of business was union to use peaceful persuasion for the purpose of 

picketed by the union employees of other shops, and inducing those of the plaintiff's employees who have 

plaintiff's workmen were accosted, principally upon not signed the non-union agreement or verbally 

leaving work, and asked to quit plaintiff's employment agreed to its terms, to quit their employment and join 

and join the union. Defendants had notice that many the labor movement. 

of the plaintiff's employees had signed the non-union "But to induce another to breach his contract has 

agreement and that all of plaintiff's employees were never been held to be justified by either social or indi 

employed upon either a verbal or written agreement vidual advantage. No guaranteed right of free speech

152 METAL WORKER, PLUMRER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 30. 1920 

or liberty of action has ever been held to authorize or 

justifv one man in inducing another to break his contract. 

Nor is the alleged non-union contract illegal or 

contrary to public policy. Any employee has the right 

to agree with his employer that he not only vvill refrain 

from joining a union during the term of employment, 

but he may also lawfully agree, as was done in 

these cases, that he will not have any negotiations or 

communications with others as to such employment 

during the period that he is so employed. Inducing 

such employee to enter into negotiations, or to participate 

in discussions as to the advantages of the union 

or as to his then employment, is inducing a breach of 

the contract into which he has entered; and such negotiations, 

conferences or discussions cannot be initiated 

or started by defendants without liability for 

inducing such breach of contract. As has been said 

before, the advantages to the union cannot be held to 

be a justification of such act. The most that could be 

said to those who are employed under the non-union 

agreement in question, is that, if and when their employment 

has terminated, the union representatives 

would be glad to discuss with them the advantages of 

the union. This is a meager and unsatisfactory right 

for which even the union does not contend. 

"It follows that as to the Shafer case the injunction 

must be made perpetual as to initiating or commencing 

negotiations, dealings, communications or interviews 

with any employee who has signed the non 

union agreement, either in relation to the 

Injunction membership by said employee in the 

Made union or in relation to said employee's 

Perpetual employment. As to those who have not 

signed or entered into said non-union 

agreement, prohibiting such communications and interviews, 

such employees may be approached upon the 

subject of terminating their employment and thereafter 

joining the union. Since the court finds that 

there was no coercion or intimidation, either actual or 

threatened, there is no necessity for a restraining order 

upon these points. It is further ordered that each 

party pay their own costs herein incurred. 

"A somewhat different state of facts exists in the 

case of the John Douglas Co. In that case the polishing 

and buffing department of the plaintiff was run as 

an 'open shop' until October, 1919, Yvhen an agreement 

for a 'closed union shop' was presented to the superintendent 

of plaintiff, closely followed bv the demand on 

the part of some of the employees for an increase in 

wages. Several of the increases demanded were given, 

but the demand for a 'closed union shop' being rejected, 

a strike was called by the local union on Oct. 

28, and has been in progress since that date. Subsequent 

to the calling of the strike the plaintiff declared 

its intention of running a 'closed union shop,' and all 

of plaintiff's present employees have signed the nonunion 

agreement above mentioned. Notice of this fact 

was brought home to the defendants. 

(Continued on Page 165) 

The Path That Leads to 

Money in the Bank 

Will be Opened for You in Our First 

Article Every Week 

TO MAKE them as skillful in merchandising as our competent mechanics are in 

their work is all that is needed to make every man of them enjoy business 

prosperity. We have taken up the task of showing how it is done by men who 

are on the shady side of Easy Street. 

That none may fail to catch the merchandising germ, they are here told something 

of what is to come, instead of sending it out unheralded, as the duck lays her 

Pfrfr - ' 

c e>6- 

The first article in each issue of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

beginning Friday, August 23 and running for some time to come, will deal with 

some phase of placing what you can do for their comfort, convenience and the permanence 

of their property, before people so that they have to get you to do it. 

The course to be followed will be indicated by direct instruction and by suggestion 

so that no man who follows the path can wind up at any other place than where 

the profits may be safely deposited. 

Ideas on all phases of winning the people and serving them will be presented so 

that every man's need will be supplied. 

Onlv read and practice to prosper.


This is the Place to submit your perplexing 

problems — the Place to 


From I. E. S. Blue Hill, Maine.—I have taken 

SERVKEWGRATIS 

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER for a 

long time and have received much assistance from it, 

now want to ask a question about I 

Water Pipes trouble I am experiencing and request a 

Sweat remedy to stop it. I have installed a 

pressure tank and an electric pump in 

a garage The water comes from the spring and is 

very cold. The trouble is the tank, pump and all the 

pipes sweat so much that it is keeping the floor very 

wet. Now, what I want to know is, how to stop the 

sweating, and information will prove a great favor. 

ANSWER: TO solve the problem and apply a remedy 

for the trouble is to understand its source. At this 

season of the year when air is warm it carries a 

great deal of moisture, and on a hot humid day, the 

air may be as much as 90 per cent saturated. When 

warm saturated air comes in contact with a cool surface, 

as is exposed in the equipment mentioned, there 

is a certainty that the moist air will condense on 

that surface. The only way to avoid the copious condensation 

under such conditions is to cover the objects 

as to prevent their cold condition exerting its influence 

on the moist warm air. It is common practice to 

cover pipes with 1 in. of hair felt and cover this with 

canvas, to keep pipes that are exposed to the air from 

sweating. In all probability an installation of a similar 

nature will be all that is required here. 

At this season such an experience is not uncommon 

and the only way to overcome it is to prevent warm 

moist air coming in contact with cold surface. 

FROM JOHN TROLAND, NORWICH, CONN.—In relation 

to the question of "G. P. H." in the" issue of 

June 11 who wants an opinion on the 

Proper Length proper length of sheets for copperof 

Sheets for lined gutters, I wish to say that the 

Copper-Lined length of the sheets forming a gutter 

Gutters of any metal has nothing to do with 

the expansion and contraction of the 

same and furnishes no preventive against buckling, 

which is the result of expansion and contraction. 

A gutter composed of many pieces when locked and 

soldered forms a complete whole and is just the same 

as if it were all of one piece, without a seam from 

end to end. If it were so that there was a giving 

way at each joint, the gutter would be worthless. 

Architects get theoretical notions on points like this 

which are sometimes not so practical as theoretical. 

We used to have one in our city who advocated a 

theory that all flat tin roofing should be done with 




sheets of a size 10 x 14 in. This was the old size and 

so, when the larger size, 20x11 in. came on the market, 

to please this architect we had to cut the sheets 

in tYvo. Our argument against him was that the lesser 

the number of seams in the roof, the less was the liability 

to leaks because the leak is always at the seams. 

His argument was the same as this one in Newark, 

that the seams provided for expansion and so the 

more seams the better. This was his proof and illustration. 

He said, that in laying a roof if wide boards 

are laid, Yvhen the wood contracts by seasoning, it 

produces wide gaping seams, hence narrow boards 

are used, the number of seams increased and their 

width lessens as a result of contraction. 

Any mechanic can see the fallacy of his claim. A 

roof or a gutter is not supposed to give at the seams 

at all, but as I have said, forms a complete whole and 

a gutter constructed of 4-ft. pieces or of 8-ft. pieces 

will contract and expand no more and no less than if 

it did not have a seam at all but was of one continuous 

strip. As a matter of fact, this is an objection to 

gutters of copper or zinc. In my experience I have 

taken out copper gutters and replaced them with tin 

of good quality and made a much better job. The 

copper will buckle by the sun's heat and breaks itself. 

The tin is less affected in this way and, if kept 

painted, will last for years where copper will prove 

useless in the same period. 

The old copper in a useless gutter, however, is of 

more market value than an old bad tin one. The suggestion 

of cleating at the seams, whieh would be impossible 

in this case, goes for nothing. A gutter has 

to be formed from a strip which is already seamed 

and soldered before being laid in place. The contractor, 

however, should have done the job as directed 

by the architect, although he did know better. 

NOTE: It is not strange that the experience described 

has been incurred during the recent weather, 

which has been hot and the air has carried a large 

percentage of humidity, or moisture, which would 

condense as soon as the warm, moisture-laden air came 

in contact with a cold surface. Under such circumstances 

there is nothing to do but to prevent the air 

from having contact with the surface. This is frequently 

accomplished by covering the pipes with one 

or two layers of hair felt and enclosing it in a canvas 

covering and thus avoiding the contact of the warm, 

moist air with the cold piping. It is possible that it 

may be satisfactorv to hang a metal trough beneath 

the piping and lead the condensation which it catches 

to where it can be discharged without annoyance.



Humidity Twice Conspicuous 

T H E R E are two periods of the year when humidity 

is conspicuous. In the winter season in many 

heated homes it is conspicuous by its absence and 

at this season of the year when the air is hot and 

humid its presence is noted in the sweating of walls 

or any other object in which the hot humid air come- 

in contact to cause condensation. Because of it many 

questions are asked as to how to prevent it, and it 

means to cover the whole surface with some insulating 

material to prevent the hot humid air getting into con 

tact with the cold surfaces. To provide the humidity 

in the dry season is something more difficult and there 

is need of more attention to its provision and devices 

for the purpose than they have as yet had at 

the hands of those who are engaged in this field of 

industry. 

The Rush Season 

THE possession of a list of everything a man has 

in stock at this season of the year will qualify 

him to work off many things that have been on 

his hands for some time and turn them into cash. It 

will enable him to use them to supply the urgent needs 

of customers where otlier supplies may be more ex 

acting. He does a double service in supplying his 

customers' needs promptly and in turning his dead 

stock into live capital. 

The delay in shipments because of conditions of 

the railroad will make it necessary for a man to have 

all his resources at his tongue's end so to speak, so 

that whatever needs his customer may have, they can 

be satisfied promptly from what he already has on 

hand. 

It is the season of long evening. Instead of spend 

ing them in recreation it would be far better for thc 

tradesman, after the day's work is done, to wash up 

and rest a half hour or so after the evening meal 

and then go into it again. Then things that are out 

of sight and out of the way could be put into a con 

venient place for immediate use, and at the same time 

a list made of them for reference. A man who knows 

his stock in this way has something that is equal to 

money in the bank. 

Can Business Men Show Sportsmanship? 

M A Y the best boat win, said Sir Thomas Lip- 

ton—and it did. How everv American heart 

thrilled at the news, "The Resolute Wins—the 

cup stays in America." But not one who felt proud 

of our boat who did not add, "But Sir Thomas is certainly 

a fine sport." It is well for not only sportsmen 

but also business men to pause and take a lesson from 

this race—a lesson in persistence and good sports 

manship. When a competitor carries off a contract, 

secured through the merit of salesmanship, not price, 

the average tradesman is prone to lay the blame to 

luck or some other underlying cause. He does not 

say, "The best man wins," and congratulate his competitor 

on his work. How well this spirit of sportsmanship, 

demonstrated in the race, could be utilized 

in business. 

For years Sir Thomas Lipton has dreamed of carrying 

the Cup back to Europe. Four times has his 

Shamrock traveled across the ocean and four times 

returned Yvithout the Cup. But is he discouraged? 

Nay, it has only made him more eager to try again. 

If the tradesman on the next block carried off a 

fourth contract on which the other bid, would the 

latter be discouraged or would persistence characterize 

his methods? If he will adapt the latter course 

and endeavor to discover what makes the other the 

better salesman, eventually his efforts will be rewarded. 

For he will find that not onh' the best boat, 

but the best man wins. 

Reminding Customers 

IT is not expected that the average house owner 

will anticipate his needs Ky having the smoke pipe 

to his heating apparatus put in good order, his 

range cleaned and the repairs of the fire-box made, so 

that he vvill be ready for the winter season. He will 

not think of it in the midst of hot weather unless it 

is brought to his attention by the tradesman. Under 

the circumstances, what greater favor can a tradesman 

do to the people of his community than to insert 

his card in the local paper or to have cards printed 

and mailed to those for whom he has done work, and 

all prospective customers ? 

Many a house owner is grateful for receiving just 

such a reminder so as to procure what is needed while 

there is time and not to put it off for the last minute, 

causing him'annoyance by delays at a time when 

his needs are urgent. 

It may be that a man cannot charge for this service. 

Nevertheless, it is a valuable service and he gets 

his reward for it in the orders which such a reminder 

at this season is sure to bring in.


Provision to Protect Other Interests of Paramount 

Importance Prepared by Chamber of Commerce 

of the United States 

Interest of the Public in Strikes 

ORGANIZATION niembers of the Chamber of 

Commerce of the United States have been asked 

to vote on two recommendations submitted by 

the Chamber's Committee on Public Utilities, as 

follows: 

Strikes by employees of all public service corpora 

tions performing public service essential to the lives, 

health, well-being and comfort of the people should 

be explicitly prohibited by law. 

Suitable tribunals should be created by the law to 

adjudicate differences between employees of public 

service corporations and their employers, and the decisions 

of such tribunals should be final and binding 

upon both parties. 

The subject came before the Chamber from the Mer 

chants' Association of New York and the presidents 

of the principal business organizations of New York 

Citv througn the following statement: 

I'or several weeks past the economic and social life of 

this nation has been crippled and in part paralyzed by 

the enforced cessation of the function of transportation. 

Whatever may be said regarding the rights of the employees 

in ordinary industrial operation, we are strongly 

of the convicition that the arbitrary cessation of labor by 

the employees of public utilities is a wrongful attack on the 

rights of the entire people, and that such arbitrary cessation 

should be made impossible by the enactment of proper 

restrictive laws. 

The undersigned chief executive officials of the principal 

business organizations of the City of New York, respectfully 

request that the Chamber of Commerce of the United 

States give immediate consideration to this subject with a 

view to formulating and declaring the rights of the public 

and to promoting legislation suitable to protect the public, 

and to prevent further destructive invasion of its rights. 

The communication was signed by Alfred E. Mar 

ling, president of the Chamber of Commerce of the 

State of New York; William Fellows Morgan, presi 

dent, and Lewis E. Pierson, vice-president of the 

Merchants' Association; J. Sherlock Davis, president 

of the Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce; H Pushae 

Williams, president of the Chamber of Commerce of 

Queens, and James Breckenbridge, president of tht 

Bronx Board of Trade. 

The referendum is the thirty-second put to a vote 

of the Chamber's membership and will go to more 

than 1,300 commercial and trade organizations. 

In recommending the proposals for a referendum, 

the committee expressed its belief in the following set 

of principles: 

No corporation or person, individually or collectively may 

lawfully or rightfully obstruct or impede the performance 

of any duty or obligation of the State or of any agency by 

the State for the performance of a public service. 

The State is sovereign. Its will is expressed through the 

government created by it. That will cannot be given effect 

if the servants of the government refuse to obey its behests. 

Therefore, no servant of the government has either moral 

or legal right to obstruct the lawful processes of the government. 

If such assumed right were successfully asserted, 

the will of the servant would override the will of the people, 

the government would be subverted and the servants would 

become the masters. 

It is the obligation of the State to protect the lives, 

health, security, rights and property of all its people. 

These depend upon the uninterrupted operation of the 

agencies which provide transportation, water, light, heat, 

power, and means of communication. It is therefore the 

right of the people that such uninterrupted operation be 

guaranteed by the power of the State. 

These agencies are created by the State for the performance 

of services of a public character; they are devoted 

exclusively to the service of the people; they operate by 

virtue of public powers delegated to them by the State; 

and they are thereby public agencies by the State to perform 

public services, indispensable to the well-being, comfort, 

security and often to the health and lives of all the 

people. The State is, therefore, bound so to exert its 

powers as to enable these agencies and instrumentalities 

fully and effectively to perform the public purposes which 

have been delegated to them. 

The immediate result of a strike is to compel the suspension 

of the industry against which the strike is directed. 

When directed against a public utility it is an invasion of 

that which is indispensable to the community. 

The effect of a strike against the public utility is to 

inflict great harm upon the community. It often entnils 

widespread suffering, seriously endangers the public health, 

deprives large populations of a sufficiency of food, fuel and 

other necessities of life. It deprives the, people of the instrumentality 

of commerce, thereby causing widespread suspension 

of industry and taking from many tne means of 

livelihood; and in many ways inflicts great distress upon all. 

We believe it is the duty of the State, by suitable legislation 

to protect the people against these dire consequences. 

Strikes by employees of public service corporations should 

be prohibited by law as conspiracies against the paramount 

rights of the public. It is obvious, nowever, that the great 

class of employees thus deprived of the power of self-protection 

by means of the strike should be otherwise protected 

against unjust relations with their employers through 

suitable tribunals empowered equitably to adjust differences, 

whose findings should be final and supported by due 

provision for enforcement. 

Tbe recently pending Cummins bill against regulating 

railroad transportation contained a provision (adopted by 

the Senate, but discarded by the House) which made it 

unlawful for any two or more persons, being employed of 

any common carrier or carriers, "to enter into any combination 

or agreement with the intent substantially to hinder 

restrain or prevent the operation of trains or other 

facilities of transportation for the movement of commodi. 

ties or persons in interstate commerce, or, in pursuance 

of any such combination or agreement and with like purpose, 

substantially to hinder, restrain or prevent the operation 

of trains or other facilities of transportation, etc, 

under penalty of a fine of $500 or six months' imprisonment, 

or both A similar inhibition was laid against aiding, abbetting 

or procuring such interference. The Cummins bill also 

contained a provision whereby the employees were protected 

against imposition of unjust conditions of labor. 

The purpose of these provisions was to prevent the interruption 

of service by strikes and compel resor by both 

parties to settlement by the legal boards proposed fnr that 

PU AVe° S believe that these, or similar provisions should be 

made law, not only as to railroads, but as to all public 

utilities.


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i • _- i »- J ^^S^_^^-_r^. *. »-HP . 

OHIO MASTER SHEET METAL CONTRACTORS IN CONVENTION 

Meeting in Toledo The Largest in History 

Business and Pleasure Delightfully Mixed 

^•B^^3fct.;: ii^; |!-~~" 

Ohio Sheet Metal Plan Membership Dr 

Munkel New President - J. G. Gerken Honored 

BUSINESS and pleasure were delightfully mixed 

at the annual convention of the Master Slieet 

Metal Contractors' Association of Ohio, held in 

Hotel Secor, Toledo. July 20-22. Over 200 were 

present. 

Conditions were found to be similar in various parts 

of the State, labor troubles in few, some shortage, 

difficulty in getting material and a good volume of 

work. 

William J. Martin, president of the Toledo local, 

introduced Mr. Duer of the city legal department, 

who expressed Mayor Schreiber's regrets at being unable 

to attend. He welcomed the delegates and told 

something of the city's history. 

Warren J. Griffith, ex-president of the Toledo 

Chamber of Commerce, said that business has been go 

ing through a constructive era that will be of lasting 

benefit. Getting together makes solution of problems 

easier and men learn through mutual counsel and ad 

vice. Business success is largely due to the directing 

personality and the personal touch more than any- 

thnig will help overcome the great lethargy whicli has 

come over labor. Real business men manage their 

business with fairness, always remembering that there 

are two sides to a contract. He asked that every man 

use the lessons learned at the meeting. 

President John Weigel responded in a few words 

and then asked Secretary William J. Kaiser to read a 

letter from National Secretary Seabrook regretting his 

inability to attend and extending best wishes to the 

membership. 

At the suggestions of National President A. P. 

Lamneck delegates from the different cities were 

asked to tell (if business, labor and general conditions 

in their districts. 

PRESIDENT MARTIN, TOLEDO—New building is of small volume 

but we have been kept busy with repair and remodeling 

work. Our labor problem is to get good men. Tbe cause 

of building inactivity has been blamed to the cement shortage, 

high prices of materials and difficulty of getting loans 

from banks. 

MR. HENSLEE, ZANESVILLE—Labor is our worst difficulty. 

Our Chamber of Commerce and Rotary Club have adopted 

the open-shop plan, but we do not know yet how it will 

work "Mt. The city has been very tight on closed shop 

principle especially in building trades. I would like to hear 

an expression of opinion on this subject. 

II. G. MCGRATH, CLEVELAND—Our Chamber of Commerce 

and Builders' Exchange are great boosters and we are doing 

a great deal of building, though not quite as much as in the 

past two years. We have some very big work and require 

a large number of mechanics. However, we have quite a 

large number of vacant houses because they were built to 

sell and the owners will not rent them. We have had a 

plumbers' strike for six weeks and steam fitters are out in 

sympathy, demanding $1.50 per hour. My shop is open 

plan and it always has been my policv to give a square deal 

and so far have had no trouble. 

MR. MILLER, DAYTON—There i.s not much new building 

and volume of repair work seems to be declining. Material 

prices continue high but we have no labor trouble. 

MR. DIETZ. CINCINNATI—Everybody is busy going after 

neglected repair business. 

MR. HOFFMAN, AKRON—Our city is so close to Cleveland 

that conditions are the same. We'are a new local and meet 

once a week. We have a great many "over night" contractors 

and are planning an educational and membership campaign. 

MR. MYERS, DOVER—We are short of labor in our city. A 

housing plan now under way gives all local contractors a 

chance to figure on work and all material possible is bought 

in Dover. ° 

MR. MUNKEL, COLUMBUS—We are doing more work this 

year than last. We keep up our organization and have no 

labor troubles. We have monthly meetings of employees 

and find that by raising ig wages voluntarily oluntarily a much more 

cordial relation is established 

MR. UUHL, ALLIANCE— All in our city are busy, though 

there is no new building. 

MR. ARMSTRONG, LONDON—We need a lot of homes, though 

nigh material and labor costs are delaying this. 

President Weigel appointed an auditing committee 

of Mr. Shaw, Zanesville; Mr. Martin, Toledo; Mr. 

Dietz, Cincinnati, and then announced a board of 

directors' meeting for 8.30 Wednesday morning. 

President Weigel made his report the first matter 

.

JULY 30, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMRER AND STEAM FITTER 157 

of business Wednesday morning. A good increase in register wliile in steam or hot water job there is no 

membership was sliown in the report of argument. By tact they can exert sufficient influence 

Wednesday Secretary William J. Kaiser. It is now to place the furnace and the register in places where 

Morning 253. The association is in good financial thy will give the most efficient service. Furnace men 

Session condition. Treasurer W. J. Birming should realize in planning and selling jobs that inham 

reported a good balance in hand stallation is of greatest importance and data now be 

and the report was accepted- 

ing developed at University of Illinois will be great 

W. E. Lamneck said that no important matters est benefit when applied practically and accurately. 

came before the legislative committee during the year A rising vote of thanks was given to Mr. Lamneck 

so reported progress. He also reported for the mem and Mr. Taylorbership 

committee that its campaign had increased the The question box was opened and variety of topics 

individual membership from 9 to 37. 

discussed. 

The auditing committee reported it had the books A motion on the advisability of having a paid sec 

correct. 

retary was referred to the board of directors for neces 

A. E. Munkel, Columbus, spoke on shop cards to sary action. 

keep track of all orders to avoid financial loss. A The following officers were unanimously elected: 

standard system will be of great assistance and elim A. E. Munkel, Columbus, Ohio, President; j. D. Gerinate 

much bookkeeping. 

kin, Toledo, Ohio, Vice-President; W. J. Kaiser, Co 

A card system applicable to any business was lumbus, Ohio, Secretary; W. J- Birmingham, Cleve 

adopted on motion. 

land, Ohio, Treasurer; Directors for year—L. W. 

National President A- P. Lamneck spoke on or Henslee, Zanesville; George Teshmacher, Cleveland; 

ganization and suggested that the solution for increas W. E. Lamneck, Columbus; M. B. Armstrong, Loning 

membership was consistant effort. Choose a man don; William Stechow, Cincinnati, and William Miller, 

with ability, who knows the business, pay him com- Dayton. 

mensurately and let him devote all his time to organ Dayton will be the meeting place next year. 

ization work. After organization is built up the The Toledo local association and the ladies were 

secretary might publish a bulletin to aid in counteract given a rising vote of thanks for the splendid hosing 

any detrimental propaganda whicli was against pitality. Votes of thanks were given to the local and 

the business and public good. He explained a system trade press, to the hotel management and to all who 

of overhead figuring, illustrating it as used with a worked for the success of the conventionfurnace 

job. 

Mrs. W. E. Miller, Dayton, thanked the local ladies 

J. C. Greenberg, Peoria, 111., told what was neces on behalf of the visitors and invited all to Dayton 

sary to be a good salesman and business man. Every in 1921. 

one has something to sell—a thing, an idea or a serv The meeting adjourned with tliree cheers for Retirice. 

He demonstrated that a business has four parts ing President John Weigel. 

—executive, financial, productive and sales—and that Every day had a new pleasure for the visitors, for 

many men of trade tried to be the whole works. He the energetic committee headed by John Gerken, was 

said that the buying public must be appealed to with right on the job at all times. Tuesday afternoon at 

quality ond reliability and explained how its con 

4.30 o'clock 30 automobiles took the 

fidence could be built up and what bearing proper Entertainment visitors on a 25-mile drive through 

business conduct had on the success of the businessthe 

city. At the art museum the con 

When confidence has been established, interest is the vention picture was taken and then all returned for 

next thing to be created. When the person is made to 

an excellent banquet and entertainment in the rooms 

appreciate the article a desire has been established. 

of the Chamber of Commerce. At 10 o'clock Mrs. 

Then comes action and the order. He pointed out 

Gerken and Mrs. Schmidlin escorted the ladies on a 

that the more a man knows about his business, the 

shoping tour and then to a luncheon at La Salle & 

greater will be his success. 

Koch's. 

In the afternoon the entire party boarded the 

The Thursday morning session was opened with an 

Steamer Greyhound for a sail to Sugar Island. Cards 

address on Workmen's Compensation by J. H. Lam 

and dancing and the breeze were enjoyed. The reneck 

of Industrial Commission of Ohio. He gave a 

turn was made on the City of Toledo, on which supper 

brief outline of the history of compensation laws, 

explained Ohio's law and cited cases of its applica 

was served. 

tion to industrial plants and contracting businesses. 

The firm of Orton & Ault, Wadsworth, was announced 

as a new individual member. 

The topic of Furnace Installation was discussed by 

R- E. Taylor, who pointed out that the biggest item in 

success of furnace heating was proper installation. 

The furnace is only about 25 per cent, of the plant. 

He told of the air movement and the proper placing 

of registers to have adequate circulation. He said 

that return ducts must be placed to drain house so 

heated air can come in and urged members to talk 

service of installation and not too much on just the 

furnace. Furnace men run into difficulty with people 

who do not always like the position selected for the 

Convention Notes 

Dayton delegates made everybody boosters for their 

city for the convention in 1921 and decorated the 

meeting room with Dayton banners. 

Cleveland came down with a flock of automobiles 

and 25 members, the largest delegation. 

Columbus came in force headed by National President 

A. P. Lamneck. Cincinnati was on the job and 

Zanesville had a 100 per cent, attendance. 

Frank Ederle, Grand Rapids, secretary of the Michigan 

association, was an interested visitor. 

A knife sharpener was a handy souvenir given by

158 METAL WORKER, PLUMRER AND STEAM FITTER JULY 30. 1920 

J. Heartley, the Heartley Machine, Variety Iron & 

Tool Works, Toledo. 

George Meyers, Perfection Furnace Pipe Co., Toledo, 

says see Professor Willard about double wall 

stack. 

Frank Hoersting, Dayton, his wife and daughter 

and Mr. and Mrs. Holtman left for a visit to Niagara 

Falls, N. Y.j and Cedar Point, Ohio. 

A straw vote taken showed Harding most popular, 

Cox second and one vote for Frank Hoersting of Dayton. 

Ohioans all. 

R. C. Dean, International Heater Co., Cleveland, 

attended the Ohio convention and then started for a 

vacation in Michigan accompanied by his wife and 

daughter. 

E. N. Rowley, Follensbee Bros. Co., came down 

from Detroit to see his Ohio friends. 

A. W. Howe and J. G. Heninger, J. M. & L. A. Osborn, 

Cleveland, Ohio, had ballons for everybody on 

the trip to Sugar Island. 

W. M. Huffman, Canton Art Metal Co., Canton, 

saw many new and old friends. 

A. L. Nebel, Nebel Mfg. Co., Cleveland, Ohio, entertained 

the ladies at all times. 

Jhon Vogeli, John Gerken, M. B. Armstrong and 

B. Brazier were the dancing masters on the good 

ship Greyhound. 

O. E. Jennings and J. Pietre, Michigan Stove Co., 

found many friends at the meetings. 

A handy key ring and holder was given to all by 

W. E. Lamneck Co., Columbus. 

George Auer, the Auer Register Co., had his nephew 

with him. 

Louis Kahn, 6th City Sheet Metal Works, Cleveland, 

drove over with his wife and two daughters. 

R. E. Taylor, Fox Furnace Co., Elyria, Ohio, talked 

on proper furnace installation at the Thursday session. 

Thomas I. Peacock, Grand Rapids, R. J. Schwab & 

Sons Co., had a "Giltedge" time. 

A most enjoyable luncheon was given by the Lamneck 

brothers, A. P. and W. E., at the close of the 

convention. Twenty-one sat down, including Mr. and 

Mrs. Munkell, Mr. and Mrs. Taylor, Mr. and Mrs. 

Brazier, Mr. and Mrs. Vogeli, Mr. and Mrs. Christian, 

Mr. and Mrs. Armstrong, Frank Hiller, J. Kinsner,' 

J. H. Lamneck, J. C. Greenberg, and the trade press 

representatives, Miss E. Cohen, The American Artisan 

and A. V. Hutchinson, METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

STEAM FITTER. 

enced difficulties in securing plumbing and heating material, 

asking him to secure necessary relief, we believe it 

will bring productive results; on the other hand, if this office 

can be of assistance to you in any special instance, please 

command us. 

News of the 


The New Executive Clerk 

T 1 HE first step taken by D. F. Durkin, Jr., on his 

election to the presidency of the National Association 

of Master Plumbers was to find a young man to 

serve the association as its executive clerk. His purpose 

was to find the man of the right qualifications 

who might well look forward to familiarizing himself 

with every detail of service required and learning 

under Mr. Durkin the policy of the association. Then 

he would know the course that must be pursued for a 

period of years to keep it abreast of the times and to 

render it of greatest value to the membership and thus 

be prepared to continue the service. 

Mr. Durkin was fortunate in securing John F. Whitaker, 

who, after graduating from the high school at 

Shenandoah, Pa., also gradu- [ 

ated from the Pierce Business 

College and spent one 

year at the Villa Nova College. 

After his education, Mr. 

Whitaker spent three years 

with the Philadelphia Electric 

Co. as a bookkeeper and 

two years and a half with 

the Government in tbe capacity 

of Deputy Collector of 

Internal Revenue. 

In the practical field he 

spent three years with the 

Philadelphia" & Reading 

Coal & Ir ron engineering corps 

THE 

JOHN 

NEW EXECUTIVE- 

CLERK. 

1-'. Win TAKER 

These are the qualifications and this is the experience 

which Mr. Whitaker brings to the National Association 

in taking up the work of executive clerk, 

New York Freight Shipments 

which is exacting both as to keeping its financial accounts 

with the different associations and members 

The interests of the members of the Eastern Supplv and in the correspondence covering a wide variety of 

Association on New York Shipments have been cared interest as well as subjects. 

for as is made clear in the following letter from Secretary 

Frank S. Hanley to the members: 

Mr. Durkin is fortunate in having as his secretary 

Mr. J. C. Lincoln, manager, traffic bureau, of the Mer George F. Uber, who has had previous experience in 

chants' Association of New York, 233 Broadway, New York the same capacity. Under these two men Mr. Whit 

City, was written to in reference to the expediting of plumbing 

New 

and 

York. 

heating material to, from and through the Port of 

aker will be developed so that should he and the next 

administration desire, there is no reason why he should 

Mr. Lincoln oln suggests that we get in touch with B. C. Craig, not develop valuable qualifications to serve several fu 

chairman of the Special Terminal Committee, appointed ture administrations in the same capacity. 

by the Interstate Commerce Commission, to expedite the 

movement of freight in this vicinity. 

Mr. Craig's committee is located at 49 Lafayette Street, 

New York City. If you will get in touch with Mr, Craig 

direct, citing specific instances in which you have experi 

Mr. Whittaker will be found in the headquarters of 

the association at 108 South Twentieth Street, Philadelphia, 

ever ready to respond to the requirements of 

the general membership.


H. M. ALGEO, 

WILLIAM THOMPSON 

AND H. E. HARPER 

Third Tournament of Western Golfers 

L 11 ER PICTURE—FRANK KAULHACK, M. 

CZARNIECKI AND T. WHITNEY 

I OWER PICTURE—L. C HUCKINS. M. J. CZAR 

NIECKI, PETER MUNN, HAROLD CROSS, 

HARRY BOOTH AND T. WHITNEY 

T. WHITNEY, DUBUQUE. 

BRUCE FULTON, CHICAGO. 

LEW JENKS, CHICAGO 

PETER FRYE. MINNEAPOLIS. 


M. J. Czarniecki 44 

Barbecue and Golf Meet of the Western Trade Golf Asso C. H. Bishop 

T. J. Cusack 

ciation, July 20, at Harlem, 111. 

S. L. Wright 

G. Shutcroft 

The Western Trade Golf Association staged the H. N. Booth 

third tournament of the year at Harlem Golf Club, A. S. Lindeblad 

Harlem, 111, on Tuesday, July 20, with ideal weather 

Peter Munn 

W. Wickersham 

and a record-breaking attendance. 

E. W. Sanborn 

The tournament was under the personal manage C. C. Todd 

L. B. Fulton 

ment of Bill Bvrd and attracted no doubt by the an H. B. Whitney 

nouncement of'a barbecue 80 members and guests C. R. Elliott 

came out to participate in this unusual and enjoyable H. A. Cross 

F. S. Crumley 

feature. Even then not all in attendance took part m 

Wm. Thompson 

the golf tournament, which kept Captain E. W. San F. S. Kaulback 

born busy. 

H. Craig 

T. P. Wade 

The large number of sixteen foursomes competed Henrv O'Callaghan 

for the flight prizes, special prizes of the officers, the Charles Herbert 

season trophies of the Plumbers' Trade Journal, Do John Keeley 

H. M. Hurd 

mestic Engineering and METAL WORKER, PLUMBER 

A. H. Lorenger 

AND STEAM FITTER, and also for the new Association L. R. Taylor 

46 

54 

55 

' 58 

' 54 

' -g 

' 46 

' 4g 

' 4- 

54 

' 47 

' 47 

' 5? 

' 47 

' 69 

43 

45 

\7 

44 

' 42 

' ' " ' 46 

48 

59 

38 

" ' ' 47 

Cup. 

Tom Barnes of Mansfield, Ohio,was first to have the 

D. E. McCabe 

J. P. Dugger 

Harry Algeo 

' ' ' ' 54 

" 59 

' 55 

honor of having his name inscribed on this trophy. H. E. Harper ' 52 

Tom had won the cup at the meet of the association at 

Olympia Fields Country Club on June 30. 

G. J. Meyer 

R. A. Griffin 

P. J. Frey ' 

' 70 

55 

47 

There were many close contenders for the association 

prize on the fast course, and the honor was divided 

between E. J. Ewing and Thomas P. Wade of 


Dr. Roberts 

L. C. Huckins 

H. Shaw 

' ' ' 47 

' ' ' 51 

'45 

;' 52 

Chicago, who each made a score of 63 net for the 18 

holes. With a 16 handicap, Mr. Ewing shot an excellent 

game. His gross was 79 or just 8 above par 

R. Collins 

H. M. Hart 

D. Cleveland 

O. Agricola 

47 

44 

' 74 

''".'.'. . 43 

for the course. Tom Wade made the lowest score he W. J. Raymer go 

has ever made on any course, with a handicap of 25 ; 

had an 88 gross for the 18 holes. The next meet will 

W. E. McCollum 

H. E. Keeler 

Roy Andrews 

' 51 

' ' ' ' 47 

' 55 

see the tie played off. 

H. Evans .60 

The best of some exceptionally good scores were 

S. A. Witt 

L. E. Wallace 

48 

51 

C. J. Swan 43 

D. M. Forgan 

R. C. Flinder 

M. Weil 

4S 

'.'..'.'. 56 

' .76 

B. E. Weil L. C. Garrity Murray 

' ..56 48


made in the morning was that of L. R. Taylor, who 

shot a 3cS. How that boy can drive! Charles P. 

Herbert with a 12 and Frank S. Kaulback, W. J. 

Rayiner and D. M. Morgan each made a fine •__. 

Fifty-five members and guests took part in the 

morning qualifying round and 6-1 in the afternoon 

play. 

The guest prize, a silver medal fob of the association, 

was won by D. Cleveland with a net of 61. The 

Duffer's Cup was won by W. M. Thompson with a 

net score of 105. 

AFTERNOON FLIGHT IN FOURSOMES 

First Flight Gross H'dicap Net 

F. S. Crumley (winnerl 99 UO 69 

F. J. Cusack 101 30 71 

L. R. Taylor S6 12 74 

C. C. Todd 

Second Flight 

107 30 77 

M. J. Czarniecki (winner) SS 19 69 

H. E. Whitney 94 28 66 

C. H. Bishop 91 22 69 

F. S\ Kaulback 

Third Flight 

96 20 76 

I>. E. McCabe (winner) 93 21 72 

Lir. Roberts 96 22 74 

Paul Blatchford H4 19 75 

L. M. Butler 96 20 76 

W. Wickersham 

Fourth Flight 

(winner) 90 15 75 

J. P. Dugger 103 25 7S 

A. S. Lindeblad 108 30 7S 

G J. Meyer 112 30 82 

Fifth Flight 

L. P. Fulton (winner) 102 28 73 

P. J. Frey 105 30 75 

G. Shutcroft 115 30 S5 

S. L. Wright 

Sixth F'ight 

112 26 iO 

H \Y Booth (winner) 108 S» 73 

L. L. Huckins 9d 21 75 

II. A. Cross 10b SO 76 

Peter Munn 10. 30 79 

W. E. McColltn 

Seventh Flight 

(winner) ^ 30 s° 

H. M. Algeo 

H. E. Harper 

:j4 

]30 

30 

30 

S4 

100 

\\ m. Thompson 

Eighth Flight 

135 30 105 

E. J. Ewing (winner) 7!) 16 6? 

C. M. Shell-ill H16 ::,, 7J; 

F. I'. Keeney 

J. F. Carroll 

Ninth Flight 

116 

10" 

30 

16 

86 

S6 

H. M. Hart (winner) 95 °6 69 

D. Cleveland 85 24 61 

W. J. Raymer 96 is 77 

C. I:. Elliott 

Tenth Flight 

ior, 96 At 

H. Craig (winner) 87 js gr, 

H. E. Keeler 95 -,, -, 

H. Shaw SS 12 7B 

H. M. Hurd 

Eleventh Flight 

96 18 7s 

C. S\ Stringer (winner) 

A. E. Stringer 

94 

99 

09 

3^ 

6- 

-,„ 

A. Collins 

A. H. Lorenger 

Twelfth Flight 

94 

116 

,0 

3n 

2j 

A 

L. E. Wallace (winner! 89 22 67 

I). M. Forgan gg ^ g 7., 

A. (_'. Flinder 

C. J. Swan 

\ 97 

106 

Thirteenth Flight 

:1 

25 

75 

Sl 

T. I'. Wade (winner) SS 25 63 

John Keelev 

H. MV-d lag-nan '" 

91 

90 

.fi 

on 

A 

S 

C. P. Herbert A AAA. 

Fourteenth Flight 

92 16 76 

E. J. Claffey (winncri 96 "5 71 

K. L. Bortner ' 90 .„ A„ 

R. L. Ottke .'A. 85 12 73 

•I. R. Andrews 93 ,.Q A 

Fifteenth Flight 

H. \\ . Rvans (winner) 

S. A. Witt 

101 

04 

•« 

ll 

71 

l\ 

J- A. Cook n5 g° H 

O. Agricola 13] 30 »? 

B. I;. Weil L. Murray (winner) Sixteenth Flight ;;• „fi 87 A 01 l e The for which The M. E- C Weil members the lamb Bill r occasion .rritv and Byrd who pig .. had enjoyed which worked been had the preparing up been barbecue a good roasted all . appetite HJ [ after afternoon. 7 under the \l jjj a play \l f . 

slow fire was cut up and served with some Mexican 

pepper and a combination salad and made a delicious 

meal. Joe Carroll furnished home-made beer and 

proved a very popular thirst quencher. An exciting 

African golf game was in progress before and after 

the meal. 

The barbecue and golf tournament was a great success, 

and as an evidence of their appreciation the members 

unanimousl}' extended a vote of thanks to Bill 

Byrd and also to Joe Carroll for their able assistance 

in rendering the day one of the most enjoyable in the 

history of the Western Trade Golf Association. 

Sanitary Engineering Society for 

Standardization 

Members Urged to Be Present at Meeting in 

St. Louis. Sept. 7. 8 and 9 

Members of the American Society of Sanitary Engineering. 

8 East Chestnut Street, Columbus, Ohio, are 

receiving under the date of July 16 the following 

letter: 

You are interested in standardization. You know that the 

standardization of plunibing and plumbing materials will be 

beneficial to your city. You can assist a movement that requires 

service, self-sacrifice and co-operation. We know 

that thousands of dollars can be saved through the standardization 

of plumbing and plumbing materials without destroying 

thc efficiency of the system. 

Standardization will aid production. Standaraization will 

assist in solving the housing problem. Standardization will 

divert temporary into permanent labor production. Standardization 

will stimulate building operations. Standardization 

will eliminate waste. Standardization will minimize 

repairs. Standardization will simplify installation. Standardization 

will assist in fair competition. Standardization 

will give opportunity for uniform and equal application 

and enforcement of sanitary laws. Standardization will 

help make tlie world sanitary for humanity. 

If you believe in standardization vou should be present 

at our St. Louis meeting, Sept. 7, . and 9, to advise, assist 

and give constructive criticisms upon the work contemplated 

\ou realize how important a task we have undertaken and 

how much wc need your support. Every state and city are 

equally concerned. Write us by return mail so we may 


ADEN E. SMITH, 

,,. _ „ A. E. Smith, Secretary. 

\\ ILLIAM C. GROENIGER, President, 

8 East Chestnut Street, 

Columbus. Ohio. 

Toledo Plumbers' and Steam Fitters' Outing 

The Toledo Plumbers and Steam Fitters'Âssociahon 

will hold its annual outing at Sugar Island Aug. 

r-t . V 1 ,* .T_ be a " all " da - 

Lity of loledo has been chartered. 

Bayonne Plumbers' Outing 

To Be Held at Midland Park on Aug. 21 

The Bayonne Master Plumbers' annual outing and 

games will be held at Midland Park, Grant City, 

Staten Island, on Saturday, Aug. 21, 1920. The fol- 

Tu.L_.isT SCnt ,. the members and *he trade: 

Automobiles to assemble at 9 a. m. corner Thirty first 

a Pietr' U,e tf' The 3Ut T 0biIe dde t0 *he P-k is 

W wan. f,l nery a '° n e the famous Hudson. 

vve want you to meet the men who are givine their time 

suppo °_U a n nd thC '"H'^ 5 : ° f a "' 3nd ° f the ê s ha 

the work Pe *° gain y0Ur interest a "d labor In 

We want especially all master plumbers to have the op- 

v affai


portunity which we expect to be afforded at this outing, 

of meeting and knowing our newly elected State officers of 

the Master Plumbers' Assoeiation of New Jersey. 

The day promises to be a profitable and pleasant one for 

all who attend, and we trust that you will be with us. 

Kindly make returns payable to E. Meade, Treasurer, 

156 Humphrey Avenue, Bayonne, N. J. 

Remember the date, Saturday, Aug. 21, 1920. 

JAMES LOOMIS, 

Secretary of Committee. 

N. B.—To the Supply Houses: Our association would 

greatly appreciate a gift from you, which will be donated 

to the lucky winners of the various games. 

Maine Master Plumbers' Association 

Annual Outing and Field Day to Be Held at Riverton Park, 

Aug. 16 

At a recent meeting of the executive committee of 

his Maine Association of Master Plumbers association 

presided over by Vice-president E. A. Wheeler, Port 

land, Me., it was decided to hold the annual field 

day and outing of the association at Riverton Park. 

Monday, Aug. 16. 

Riverton is one of Portland's suburban trolley 

resorts located on the Presumpscott River and parti 

cularly well situated for the entertainment .and en 

joyment of men, women and children. 

Researcb Work For the Trade 

Brief Descriptions of Certain Trade Staffs, Work and Equip 

ment 

There is great value in the facts discovered by pa 

tient search by liighly trained experts and all the 

trades benefit. Few who are engaged in construction 

work in our fields realize that scienists are continually 

at work for benefit to tliese industries and much that 

tiie average man has to make a guess on what has 

been determined so no risk is necessary. All that many 

men could use to advantage may be had by simply 

asking for it. In the Bulletin of the National Re 

search Council there is a classified list of some three 

hundred laboratories in industrial establishments in 

the United States from which the following of direct 

interest to our readers have been taken: 

AMERICAN SHEET & TIN PLATE Co., 210 Semple Street, 

Pittsburgh, Pa. 

Research staff: R. E. Zimmerman, 9 chemical engineers, 

2 chemists, 1 physicist, 1 metallurgist. 

Research work: Full time of 14 on chemical engineering 

problems relating to the manufacture of sheet steel, tin 

plate and galvanized sheets; metallurgy, metallography and 

pyrometry as applied to these manufacturing processes. 

INLAND STEEL CO., Indiana Harbor, Ind. 

Research staff: J. C. Dickson, 29 chemists and .5 chemical 

engineers. 

Research work: Full time of _ and part time of 30 on 

problems connected with steel industry. 

Unusual equipment: FUectric and gas furnaces, physical 

testing machines. 

XATIONAL TUBE Co., Frick Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Manufactures 

steel and iron tubes and pipes. 

Research staff: F. N. Speller and 6 to 8 men. 

Research work: Full time of staff on corrosion of iron 

and steel under water. 

Unusual equipment: Metallographic apparatus and physical 

testing machines of (dl kinds. 

XEW JERSEY ZINC Co., 160 Front Street, New York, N. Y. 

Research staff: J. A. Singmaster, 25 chemists, 5 physicists 

and 50 assistants. 

Research work: Full time of 81 on chemical investigations 

connected with metallurgy of zinc manufacture and utilization 

of sulphuric acid and production and properties of 

worked metallic zinc in shape of sheets, rods, tubes, etc.; also 

manufacture and use of zinc oxidei n rubber and paint industries. 

PREST-O-LITI: Co., INC., Indianapolis, Ind. Manufactures 

storage battaries; deep drawn seamless steel shells and cylinders; 

dissolved acetylene for lighting, welding and cutting. 

Research staff: ,T. H. Naiden, 2 trained research workers 

and 10 laboratory workers. 

Research work: Practically full time of 3 on problems 

connected with the industry, chiefly relating to storage 

batteries. 

Unusual equipment: Motor generator set; alternating 

current equipment for testing electrical machinery; well 

equipped with portable electrical apparatus; battery experimental 

room; 2-ton ice machine fore ooling box 20x10 

ft at 60 deg. Fahr. continuously; storage battery research 

room. 

The headquarters of the Council are at 1201 Six 

teenth Street, Washington, D. C, and any concern 

wliich is not listed is requested to inform the Council. 



SHEET METAL AND FURNACE IN 

DUSTRY 

JOHN D. GREEN, vice-president of Rathbone-Sard Co., 

in a letter states that he is in Aurora, 111., looking 

after the interests of the Acorn line of stoves and 

ranges and in all probability will be in Aurora for 

some time to come. 

ANNOUNCEMENT Is MAOE BY THE BROWN-WALES CO., 

Boston, Mass., that a new edition of its steel hand 

brakes has just come in and they are ready for 

distribution. If any sheet metal tradesman has 

not received a copy in the near future, he should 

apprise the company of the fact. 

THOSE WHO DESIRE TO CHANGE the style of their 

automobile body will be interested in the statement 

that the Kuempel Co. Guttenberg, Iowa, can fur 

nish the Red-I-Kut, large size printed paper pat 

tern of parts of the body with simple instructions 

covering the production of a body. Three types of 

sport bodies have been standardized for the Ford 

machine. Correspondence with the company will 

secure instructive circulars bearing on this matter. 

MEN WHO MAKE A SPECIALTY of furnace work are 

receiving from R. J. Schwab & Sons Co. a form let 

ter to be used urging people to have tlieir furnaces 

cleaned and put in first-class shape for the winter 

at the earliest possible moment. They are also fur 

nishing a sign for hanging in front of establish 

ments: "Now is the time to clean and repair your 

furnace. Let us do it."


Angle and Pipe Bending Machines 

The angle bending machine shown in the accompanying 

illustration is manufactured by the Wallace 

Supplies Mfg. Co., 412 Orleans Street, Chicago, and 

is for bending angles, channels, tees, rounds, square, 

square twisted, special section and flat bars on edge. 

A machine similar in appearance is for bending pipe 

or tubing up to 2-in. size (2.375 in. outside diameter.) 

The material to be bent is clamped to the head or 

form, the form being machined to suit the section of 

material. Angels can be bent either with the web of 

angles on the inside or the outside of the circle. A 

follower bar operates between the rollers and the material 

and is machined to suit the section of the material. 

The roller bracket for the follower bar is adjustable 

to and from the center, with a range to admit 

of the use of forms as large as 50 in. in diameter. Machines 

with greater adjustment can be furnished when 

ANGLE BENDING MACHINE 

required. A U-shaped clamping plate holds angles to 

the follower bar and prevents distortion of the angle 

iron. It is explained that the clamp can be quickly 

applied and removed. 

The machine is operated by a lever engaging a friction 

clutch pulley for forward and reverse and is 

equipped with adjustable stops to automatically disengage 

the clutch when the bend is completed; also, 

to disengage the clutch from reverse when rollers have 

returned to the starting position. The stops are ad 

justable to suit any degree of angle required. The 

heads or forms are not standard but are made to suit 

the customers' requirements. 

The illustration shows the machine equipped with 

dies suitable for bending angle iron, with the web of 

angle which is in the horizontal plane to be bent to the 

inside of the circle. Samples of work bent up are also 

shown. 

Four forming heads are furnished with the pipe 

bending machine for bending pipe to a radius of 90 

deg. or less as follows: 1 in. iron pipe to 6 in. radius, 

ll/4 in. pipe to 9 in. radius, ll/2 in. pipe to 12 in. 

radius and 2 in. pipe to 14 in. radius. The bends can 

be made cold and without the use of an inside follower 

or floating mandrel. Special forms and inside follower 

bars can be supplied to suit special requirements. 

The pipe is secured to the form by a strap and both 

the outside follower and the form are grooved with the 

proper clearance to secure the best results. It is explained 

that the outside follower bar operates between 

the tube and roller instead of the roller working di 

rectly on the tube thus to support the tube for a 

greater distance and eliminate the depression which 

sometimes shows on the tube when the roller operates 

directly on the material. 

England Depends Upon America for Zinc 

According to H. M. Ridge, of London, an authority 

on the European zinc industry, Great Britain will be 

dependent upon American zinc for some time to come. 

He pointed out that the world's slab zinc production 

last year was 520,000 tons, including 410,000 tons in 

the United States, but only about 20,000 tons in 

Great Britain, where output has been limited by ore 

shortage and labor troubles. Production in America 

is satisfactory, but Belgium is producing only 6,500 

tons a month, or 39 per cent, of the pre-war output; 

Germany, 3,500 tons, or 14 per cent., and Great 

Britain, 2,000 tons, or 40 per cent. 

Owing to the necessity of preference being given 

to the shipment of foodstuffs, wool and other essential 

commodities, zinc ore is being shut out, and there 

seems no prospect of the British on Belgium works 

being able to run their furnaces at full capacity in 

the near future. 

If we are to become independent of foreign supplies 

of slab zinc, the extension of existing plans and 

the erection of new works are necessary. During the 

war zinc smelting was classified as one of the important 

key industries, but no steps have yet been taken 

to make the country self-supporting, even though ample 

supplies for ore are available within the empire. 


THE BASTIAN-MORLEY CO., Laporte, Ind., has for 

distribution by high grade plumbers a very forceful 

and well gotten up folder illustrating and explaining 

the B-M Combined Range Boiler and Tank 

Heater. For plumbers, who will push this line, 

they are imprinting them free of charge. The 

folder is designed for counter distribution in the 

plumbing shops, and when opened out forms a 

catchy wall hanger. This interest and co-operation 

with the plumber deserves the support of the 

trade as it means better business for all. 

THE JULY PRICE GUIOE of plumbing, heating and 

goods, and slieet metal issued by Brown-Wales 

Co., Boston, Mass., shows a universal discount 

on all the goods except soil pipe and fittings which 

carries an extra 10 per cent. The catalog shows 

an extensive variety of the things which the plumbing 

and heating contractor is daily using and the 

line of sheet metal is equally far reaching in its 

extent. 

Cause of Explosion 

The explosion of a motorboat tank he was soldering 

rendered Frank W. Miller, a Saranac Lake 

plumber and tinsmith, unconscious, badly cut him 

about the face and head and knocked out nearly 

every tooth. An investigation of the accident gives 

the belief that there was a small quantity of gasoline 

left in the motorboat tank, or at least some 

fumes still remained. These became ignited from 

the heat of the soldering torch and resulted in the 

explosion.


New Collapsible Forge 

The Wright Bros. Boiler & Machine Co., Ranger, 

Texas, has developed a new collapsible or "breakdown" 

forge that is coming into extensive use in the 

Southwestern oil fields. The forge is designed for 

oil field tool workers, who find portable equipment 

very desirable owing to its compactness and the ease 

with which it can be set up wherever and whenever 

needed. 

The new forge is being built on a production basis 

in the shops of this company as a side issue to its 

regular business. The entire manufacturing operation, 

which consists simply of cutting metal sheets to 

pattern and welding of the points, is done with the 

oxy-acetelyne flame, and the equipment required is 

almost as simple and compact as the forge itself. Besides 

material and operators the only requisites are 

the Oxweld cutting and welding blowpipes, Prest-O- 

Lite dissolved acetelyne and Linde oxygen, the gases 

being supplied in portable cylinders. 

M0DERNS1NK 

In "four K't'hi'i^ . 

ikrmn Pre?'. 

A PATRIOTIC WINDOW DISPLAY 

APPROPRIATE FOE THE MONTH OF JULY. BACHMAN BROS., LA 

PORTE, IND._ MADE THE DISPLAY SHOWN ABOVE AND 

REPRODUCED HERE DURING THE WHOLE MONTH. IT 

RECEIVED MANY COMPLIMENTS. THE FIRM MADE 

THE FURTHER STATEMENT: "IT PAYS TO 

DUPLICATE THE SHOW WINDOW DIS 

PLAY IN THE T. A. B. MONTHLY 

BULLETIN" 

New Circular Shows Company's Plant 

A splendid example of selling enterprise is afforded 

in the copy of a 1-page circular, issued by the 

N. D. Holmes & Sons Co., corner of Portland and 

Myrtle Streets, Worcester, Mass. 

The first page shows the company's up-to-theminute 

heating, ventilating, sheet metal and plumbing 

plant, which consists of a handsome 4-story and basement 

building in whicli the engineers have been serving 

the people of Worcester and adjacent countries for 

more than 20 years. Many of the finest homes, factories 

and business places in the territory have been 

equipped by the company. Nine halftone engravings 

show the general reception room, the private offices, 

the engineering draughting room, then the showroom 

with bathtubs, closets, lavatories, the storehouse with 

racks for galvanized, copper and zinc sheets, bins for 

valves and fittings. Other halftone engravings show 

the pipe cutting and threading shops with the storehouse 

of all sizes of pipe, and still another view shows 

the sheet metal shop in which all branches of sheet 

metal work is made. 

Such a circular laid before architects, builders, 

heads of factories or private citizens makes a very 

impressive presentation of the qualifications of the 

concerns who serve almost any need in this particular 

field. 

Maine Notes 

THE SKOWHEGAN BRANCH of Steward & Marston, 

Waterville, Maine, has been purchased by William 

D. Sargent and Chester Nutting, former employees, 

and will be conducted under the firm name of William 

D. Sargent & Co. This firm does a general 

plumbing, heating and sheet metal business and 

has been conducted under various firm names for 

about 35 years. 

LONGLEY & BUTTS, who have been associated in the 

hardware, plumbing, heating and sheet metal business 

at Norway, have recently dissolved partnership. 

L. M. Longley will conduct the business 

under the same firm 'name, while his former associate. 

R. R. Butts, will be located at South Paris, 

in the same lines except the hardware lines. 

THE PARIS MACHINE CO., South Paris, recently 

managed by M. A. Prescott, who in addition to the 

machine business carried on a plumbing and heating 

department, has been purchased by J. N. 

Oswell. Mr. Oswell will conduct the business 

under his own name but discontinuing the latter 

lines. 

A. H. BICKFORD, for many years with Steward & 

Marston, Waterville, Maine., has recently purchased 

the plumbing, heating and sheet metal business 

of Wiliam G. Gagne, Temple Street, Waterville 

which he will conduct under his own name. 

New Boston Boiler Warehouse 

The William H. Page Boiler Co., desirous of rendering 

the verv best delivery service to its New England 

customers and appreciating this service is a vital 

factor under existing conditions has leased and 

stocked a large Boston warehouse at 379 Commercial


Street, at the Battery Station of the Boston Elevated 

Railroad, and known as Battery Wharf, formerly occupied 

by the Merchants & Miners Transportation Co. 

The new warehouse will be equipped for handling 

many carloads of Page boilers. The company is fortunate 

in securing a warehouse so centrally located, it being 

adjacent to all steamship lines covering the entire 

coast and near all express offices and freight terminals. 

This new warehouse will enable the Page company 

to land its boilers in Boston by boat and rail from its 

factory at Meadville, Pa., and its general distributing 

warehouse at Bush Terminal, New York. Railroad 

sidings provide for unloading of cars on one side of 

the warehouse and the boats unload on the other. Ten 

large shipping doors allow delivery trucks to be 

loaded without waiting their turn. 

The company proposes to carry a large and complete 

stock of both round and sectional Volunteer and 

Monarch boilers in Boston and the advantageous location 

of their new warehouse will render very prompt 

service to the trade. The company's sales office will 

remain at 100 High Street. 

Late Trade News 

A. J. MADSON has just returned from a vacation and 

as assistant manager of the Chicago branch, 2547 

Arlington Street, of the Whittaker-Glessner Co., is 

prepared to give careful attention to the needs of 

the trade for the "Corco" sheets and products. 

THE LARGE DEMAND for Reliance hot water storage 

tanks has made it necessary for the Milwaukee Reliance 

Boiler Works, Milwaukee, Wis., to double 

the capacity of its manufacturing facilities, as well 

as making an addition 75 x 100 ft. to its plant. 

The company makes welded and riveted steel tanks 

for every purpose, as well as feed water heaters 

and vertical boilers. 

THE CHANDLER HEATER CO., Cedar Rapids. Iowa, 

has recently completed a fireproof pattern room, 

and a large amount of machinery for the manufacture 

of a line of Chandler steam and hot water 

boilers and warm-air furnaees. The company was 

formerly known as the Iowa Radiator Co., which 

was changed about the first of the year when its 

capital stock was increased from $50,000 to 

$150,000. 

THE JULY NUMBER of the Valve World, issued by 

Crane Co., Chicago, 111., is devoted to the celebration 

of the sixty-fifth anniversary of the establishment 

of Crane Co. Particularly is presented the 

resolution made by the founder of Crane Co. on 

July 4, 1855: "I am resolved to conduct my business 

in the strictest honesty and fairness, to avoid 

all deception and trickery, to deal fairly with both 

customers and competitors, to be liberal and just 

toward employees and to put my whole mind upon 

the business." It is stated that the essence of this 

resolution is the business policy of Crane Co. to-day. 

THOSE WHO ARE INTERESTED in Americanization work 

will be interested in a pamphlet of 25 pages, entitled 

"Visualizing Citizenship." by Ina Clement. 

This can be secured from the Municipal Reference 

Library, City of New York, R. B. Rankin, Li 

brarian, for 15c. It is known as Special Report No. 

4, and is interesting from the several pages listing 

the various kind of moving picture films which can 

be rented to make some Americans acquainted with 

what other American people are doing in the manufacture 

of goods, introducing new methods, educating 

the blind' and similar things. Those industries 

which are running films occasionally for the 

entertainment of their workmen will be interested in 

procuring a copy for reference. 

Delaware Valley Golf Meet 

Ideal Weather Conditions Favor Guests at Lu Lu Country 

Club, Edge Hill, on July 20 

The July meeting of the Delaware Valley Trade 

Golf Association was held at the Lu Lu Country Club, 

Edge Hill, Pa., on July 20, with 28 members and 3 

guests in attendance. 

The first prize for the morning event was awarded 

to R. C. Bolsinger and the second prize to Thomas 

W. Cooper. 

Afternoon event, best ball foursome prizes were 

awarded as follows: First prize, Howard Murray 

and Fred Allen; second prize, John Bitzer; third 

prize, W. P. Kerr and J. B. Strausner. 

R. C. Bolsinger also played with John Bitzer in 

the afternoon match and was entitled to the afternoon 

prize, but owing to the fact that he had won the morning 

prize and the rule of the club being that not more 

than one prize should be awarded to any one member 

in a day's play, tliere was only one afternoon prize 

to Mr. Bitzer. 

Weather conditions for the day were ideal and those 

present voted that the meeting was a success from 

every point of view. 

The next meeting will be held on Tuesday, Aug. 

17, at the White Marsh Valley Country Club, Chestnut 

Hill Philadelphia. 

Outing for Plumbing and Steam Trade 

Saturday, Aug. 8, Date Set for Trip to Karatsonyi's 

Hotel, Glenwood-on-tbe-Sound 

It is the growing realization that there is a positive 

advantage in having a personal acquaintance with men 

in your own line of business that has led to the preparation 

for the first annual outing and games of the 

Greater New York Association of Jobbers of Plumbing 

and Steam Heating Supplies. 

All arrangements have been made to leave New 

York City at 9 o'clock on Saturday morning, Aug. 7, 

for Karatsonyi's Hotel at Glenwood-on-the-Sound, the 

railroad station being at Glen Head. The officers of 

the assoeiation are: President, J. G. Kelly; vicepresident, 

M. Weinsier; treasurer, Henry Schumacher; 

secretary, Frank S. Hanley, 261 Broadway, 

New York City; executive committee, the officers and 

M. Behrer, F. H. Boardman, C. V. Driggs, H. D. 

Gasner, H. Greenberg, C. O. Ketchum, E. A. London 

and Robert Smolka. The past-presidents are A. K. 

Sage and Edward Smolka. I. O. Koven is the honorary 

member. 

Saturday is a half holiday and the trade in connection 

with these houses is invited to make it a whole 

holiday in enjoyment of the sports that will be pre-


sented and in the making of new acquaintances. A 

strange story about a man you know, you give little 

credence and all of the fellows in this trade should 

be proof against a story and will be to those who know 

each other intimately. 

Death of Henry J. Whitcomb 

On Friday, July 9, Henry J. Whitcomb, 306 Belmont 

Avenue, Springfield, Mass, died in the seventythird 

year of his age. Mr. Whitcomb had been associated 

with the stove business the major portion of 

his life and was connected with the Whitcomb Stove 

Co.*until his retirement in 1913. He was a pastmaster 

of Hampden Masonic Lodge and a member of 

the Trinity Episcopal Church. 

Saving The Tin 

After trying many other processes of recovering 

tin from old cans, there is now, according to La 

Nature (Paris), a return to the old-fashioned method 

of boiling the scraps (well cleaned) in a solution containing 

an excess of free alkali and saltpeter. The 

tin is recovered as crystals of stannate of soda and 

the alkali and saltpeter can be used over and over 

again. 

Signer's of Non-Union Agreements 

(Continued from page 152) 

"The court finds as a matter of fact that the picketing 

of plaintiff's shop has been attended with frequent 

acts of violence, threats, abusive language 

Picketing and other coercive and intimidating acts 

and and the part of the defendants, culminat- 

Violence ing m a brutal assault upon two of plaintiff's 

employees on April 9, 1920, by four 

niembers of the defendant union. 

"As to prospective employees of the plaintiff, the 

union may use peaceful persuasion in order to induce 

them to abstain from accepting employment. This it 

would seem, would be the only legitimate function'of 

pickets at or about the plaintiff's works, but because 

of past acts of violence and abuse an injunction may 

be issued restraining the defendants from abusive language, 

threats, violence, coercion and intimidation 

against or toward present employees and prospective 

employees alike." 

Hence, in the case of the John Douglas Co., the 

injunction was perpetual as to all threats, violence, 

abusive language, coercion and intimidation toward 

employees or prospective employees; restraining the 

defendants from accosting or from commencing interviews, 

communications, dealings or negotiations with 

any of the present employees relative to membership 

in the union or relative to their employment. 



Black and Oalvanized Sheets—Receipts good. Demand 

diminishing. 

Tin Plate—Shortage of prompt continues. 

Tin—Quiet and little demand. 

Copper—Good demand. Prices firm. 

Lead—Pronounced strength with higher prices. 

Zinc—Demand light. Prices steady. 

Antimony—Quiet and slightly lower prices. 

Foundry Pig Iron—Interest centers in present and next 

year deliveries. 

Foundry Coke—Supply inadequate. Shipment and production 

slightly increased. Prices higher. 

Linseed Oil—Fair demand and prices unchanged. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Demand light. Stocks low. 

more plentiful to move steel for the industries or coal 

for warming homes this winter and the price is 

stronger than people feel they can bear. 

Pig iron is still strong with blast furnaces going out 

and buyers willing to pay the price to insure supplies 

for the first half of 1921. Savings banks are willing 

to pay 4 per cent, on sums up to $5,000 where heretofore 

$3,000 was the limit. The advise to all may 

well be work as hard as you know how with head and 

hands and try to excel the Scotch in thrift. 


New York.— There is a decided scarcity of spot foundry 

iron, and brokers who have orders from foundries are finding 

it impossible to make purchases. The tendency of 

Wait Till the Clouds Roll By 

prices continues upward. The quotation of $46, furnace 

made by a leading Virginia interest for the first half of 

next year, has been withdrawn and the company is now 

£j[ The Shamrock signalled Saturday's weather too asking $47, although it is understood the tonnage sold has 

-il stiff for her and the Resolute had to wait for not been large. This action indicates the conservative pol 

light air to show that /Lmerican genius can meet any 

icy of furnaces as to bookings for delivery next year. It 

seems certain that on account of transportation troubles, 

conditions. Keep up your courage and qualifications. 

large tonnages for this year's delivery will be carried over 

It is unfortunate for the Interchurch World Move into 1921. Iron is now being purchased by many melters 

ment investigation of the steel industry that it cast from very unusual sources, and shipments are made long 

reflections on the enterprise in that it shows very distances, entailing heavy freight charges. The coke situa 

clearly that the investigators knew what they wanted tion continues extremely unsatisfactory to the furnaees, 

to find and found it. Doubtless Judge Gary's vacation 

will not have its pleasure marred by it. Cars are no 

and as high as $23.75, delivered, has been paid for furnace 

eoke. There seems to be no prospect of early improvement 

in transportation conditions and still higher pig iron prices 

are predicted.


We quote for deliverv in New York as follows: 

East Pa., No. 1 fdy., sil. 275 to 3.25 51.SO 

East Pa., No. 2X fdy., sil. 2.25 to 2.75 50.05 

East Pa., No. 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 48.80 

No. 2X, Virginia, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 50.40 

Chicago.—Several large sales of foundry for both last 

half and 1921 delivery have been negotiated within the past 

week and at the same time numerous smaller orders for 

both prompt and more extended shipment have been closed. 

Merchant iron production in this district is still satisfactory, 

but coke output has shown only slight improvement, 

the operations of the local by-products plant being about 

80 per cent, of normal. 

Scrap Iron, Chicago.—Prices have advanced on a number 

of grades and sentiment among dealers is more optimistic, 

but nevertheless the market is rather spotty, indicating 

that current developments in transportation, coal supply 

and mill and foundry operation are confusing. Foundries 

have bought a fair amount of railroad malleable during 

the past week. A slight improvement is to be noted 

in transportation, the supply of low side gondolas and 

box cars being somewhat more liberal. 

We quote delivery in consumers' yards, Chicago and vicinity, 

all freight and transfer charges paid, as follows: 

Per Net Ton 

No. 1 cast $36.00 to $37.00 

The following quotations are for iron delivered, at con 


sumers' yards except those for Northern foundry, and steel-mak Locomotive tires, .mooth 24.00 to 24.50 

ing irons, which are f.o.b. furnace and do not include a switch Machine shop turnings 9.50 to 10.00 

ing charge averaging 50c. per ton. 


Northern coke No. 1, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 last half $48 25 Stove plate 28.00 to 28.50 

Northern coke. No. ], spot 48.25 


Northern coke foundry, No. 2, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 last half.. 46.00 

Brake shoes 25.00 to 25."50 



Northern high phos., last half 45.00 


Southern coke, No. 1 foundrv and No. 1. soft, sil. 2.25 to 


3.25 ,. 50.20 Scrap Iron, Pittsburgh.— The past week has seen a 

Southern coke, No. 2 foundry, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 48.70 

considerable expansion in the demand for open-hearth 


grades of scrap iron and steel, and prices have braced 

Philadelphia.—There is more demand for spot iron, 

sharply as a result of this development and the fact that 

particularly of foundry iron. Two more furnaces blew in 

dealers are indifferent about taking orders on account of 

this week in this district, one has blown out, though some 

the shortage of cars and the possibility of materially higher 

are running from hand to mouth on coke, the scarcity of 

freight rates, which they will have to absorb, before de 

which is more pronounced. 

The following quotations are for iron delivered in consumliveries 

can be completed. Not only are dealers unable to 

ers' yards in Philadelphia or vicinity. 

secure a sufficient number of cars for shipments, but on 

East. Pa. No. 2 plain. 1.75 to 2.25 sil $47.90 to $50.10 

account of embargoes, shipments are possible only by per 

East. Pa, No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 49.15 to 51.35 

mits, and these are being issued for such brief periods that 

Virginia No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil 49.10 to 50.10 

they frequently expire before they can be utilized. The 

Virginia No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 50.35 to 51.35 market has further stiffened on all kinas of cast scrap 

Cincinnati.— Some good sized sales of Southern pig iron which is wanted to take the place of pig iron, shipments 

were made in this territory during the past week. Some of which on contracts are extremely limited. As high as 

inquiries for foundry iron are being received but these are $35 now is being offered by an Allegheny valley sheet maker 

mostly for tonnages up to 500 tons from melters who are for heavy breakable cast and the market on cast iron bor 

not receiving shipments on contracts. Transportation conings, which recently was around $18, has stiffened 50c to 

ditions in this district and in the South are showing no im $1 per ton. 

provement, and the traffic manager of one railroad held a 

meeting with representatives of several Southern furnaces 

We quote for delivery to consumers' mills in the Pittsburgh 

and other districts that takes Pittsburgh freight rates as follows: 

in Cincinnati to explain the situation. In tne absence of Cast iron wheels $42.00 to $43.00 

open-top cars, furnaces had asked to be supplied with box Rolled steel wheels 29 00 to 30.00 

cars, but the railroad's claim was that all available cars of 

this type had been sent to the West to handle the crops. 

Some furnaces in southern Ohio are piling part of their 

make, and several in the South are similarly affected. 

Machine shop turnings 

Sheet bar crop ends (at origin) 

Heavy steel axle turnings 

Short shoveling turnings 

Heavy breakable cast 

13.50 to 14.00 

28.00 to 28.50 

21.50 to 22.00 

18.50 to 19.00 

34.50 to 35.00 

Based on freight rates of $3.60 from Birmingham and $1.80 


from Ironton, we quote f.o.b. Cincinnati: 

Cast iron borings 18.50 to 19.00 

Southern coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (base price) $45.60 


Southern coke, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 (No. 2 soft) 46.85 

Southern Ohio coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (No. 2) 46.80 

Cleveland.—One selling agency booked orders during 

the week for 4300 tons of foundry pig iron for agricultural 

implement, machinery and stove manufacturers. There 

Old Metals, New York— The market has been quiet 

with few inquiries. Although prices are generally unchanged, 

there has been a tendency toward softening. Dealers' 

buying prices are as follows: 

Copper, heavy and crucible $16.00 

Is some demand for prompt shipment foundry iron, but the Copper, heavy and wire 15 00 

supply is very scarce. Iron recently placed on the market Copper, light and bottoms 13.00 

by the Ford Motor Co. has apparently all been sold, as this 

company has no iron to offer at present. 

Brass, heavy 

Brass, light 

Heavy machine composition 

10.25 

7.50 

15.25 

We quote delivered Cleveland as follows, based on 40c. switch No. 1 yellow brass turnings 9.50 

ing charge for local iron, a $1.40 freight rate from Valley points, No. 1 red brass or composition turnings 12.25 

and $5 from Birmingham: 

Lead heavy 7.00 

Northern, No 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 $45.40 


Southern foundry, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 

Ohio silvery, sil. 8 per cent 

48.70 

60.40 

Zinc 5.25 

Old Metals, Chicago.— A quiet market prevails with 

block tin pipe and zinc lower. Dealers' buying prices for 

less than carload lots are: 

Old Materials 



Scrap Iron, New York.— Improvement is noted in the 

scrap market, due to two chief reasons: The inroads made 

into the supply because of the quantities exported and the 

Yellow brass, borings 

Heavy wire 

Heavy copper 

Copper clips 

10.00 

15.50 

15.50 

13.50 

demand from Pittsburgh consumers. 


Prices which dealers in New York and Brooklyn are quoting 

to local foundries, per gross ton: , 


No. 1 heavy cast (columns, building materials, 

etc.), cupola size 37.00 to 38.00 

No. 1 heavy cast, not cupola size 31.00 to 32.00 

No. 2 cast (radiators, cast boiler, etc.) 29.00 to 30.00 

Iron and steel pipe (1 in. min. diam., not under 

2 ft. long) 18.00 to 18.50 



Tea lead 3.00 



Zinc 4.00 

Pewter, No.l 25.00 

Old Rubber.— Absence of demand makes market stagnant 

and prices remain unchanged. Wholesale dealers' buying 

quotations are: 

Boots and shoes 6 to 6 Vi

JULY 30, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FIT 

OE-50« 

WELDING AND CUTTING OUTFITS 

Formerly 3/f&AWtQJ£fe Apparatus 

%3S3SSSS 

A New Name for Good Apparatus Made Better 

1DACK of Evereacy improved Equipment are the experience and 

•U definite knowledge of the world's largest producers of oxy-acety- oxy-a 

lene welding and cutting apparatus. 

EVEREADY b OX WELD-BUILT. Designed especially for use 

with compressed acetylene in cylinders. It is easily portable, economical, 

convenient, dependable—proved in service, ready to use anywhere, 

any time. 

EVEREADY BLOWPIPES can be dismantled and reassembled 

in the field—no soldered joints, every fitting metal-to-metal, accurately 

gauged. 

Eveready apparatus and supplies are sold in your locality. Use 

coupon to secure new descriptive catalog and the name and address of 

your distributor. 

OXWELD ACETYLENE COMPANY 

(Eveready Apparatus Dept.) 

3644 Jasper Place Chicago, III. 

World's Largest Makers of Oxy-Acetylene 

Welding and Cutting Outfits 


Eveready Apparatus Department 

3644 Jasper Place. Chicago, lil. 

Please mail me Free of Charge your new Eveready 

catalog and address of your distributor in my locality. 

Name 

P. 0. Address 

Please quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBEB AXD STEAM FITTER when writing to advertisers 

167


Trimmed artics 4% to 5 


Bicycle tires 1V_ to 1% 

Solid tires 2 to 2J_ 

No. 1. inner tubes lli_ to 12% 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4.1 

Mixed red scrap 3^ to 4 

Mixed black scrap \V2 to 2 

Cotton fire hose ;4 to \% 


Old Rags.—Another dull week has passed. Prices hold 

except in No. 1 whites and straight garments. Wholesale 

dealers' prices are: 

No. 1 whites $11.00 to $11 50 

No. 2 whites 5.75 to 6.00 





Paper Stock.—Continued activity prevailed and prices 

hold firm. Wholesale dealers' buying quotations for New 

York are: 



New York, July 30, 1920. 


Black and Galvanized Sheets.— Receipts continue to 

come in and jobbers are filling contracted orders. Future 

demand not so strong. 

Tin Plate.—Due to car shortage shipments are not keeping 

pace with bookings and early tonnage outlook not promising. 

Copper Tone continues strong and improvement in 

railroad situation has enabled refineries to increase shipments. 

Tin.— Market continues exceedingly quiet with practically 

no buying by consumers. 

Lead.— Tne continued good demand and reduced supply 

holds up prices. 

Notice sliding sleeve damper 

(patented). Can be closed 

witiiout shutting off light. 

Zinc.— Producers are not looking for any future business 

and demand from galvanizers and brass makers is confined 

to immediate needs. 

Antimony.—This market is quiet with prices slightly 

lower. 

Tin Plate, Pittsburgh.— Makers still are having difficulty 

in catching up with their obligations and the shortage 

of prompt tonnages is quite as acute as it has been. Shipments 

against contracts are much restricted by the car 

shortage and since bookings will engage capacity well over 

the remainder of the year it is difficult to cover early tonnages 

except from stock items. The latter are in small 

supply because of the comparatively low rate of mill operations. 

Stock plates constitute the prompt market. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh.—A few small cancellations or orders 

are reported from the automobile builders, but in general 

the demand from this source is reported to be holding 

up well. Much difficulty is still being experienced by 

buyers in placing early tonnages, for the reason that tne 

mills already have obligations that will tax capacity over 

the remainder of the year. With shipment and mill operations 

much restricted by the railroad situation, few makers 

are inclined to entertain inquiries. Unfilled tonnages of 

the independent makers are reported to be over 800,000 

tons. Prices show no change. 


Linseed Oil Spot prices are holding up well but the 

market for futures is decidedly weak. In lots of 5 bbl. and 

over, city raw American seed is quoted at $1.56 to $1.66, 

and out-of-town raw American seed is quoted at $1.56 to 

$1.66. In lots of less than 5 bbl. 3c more per gallon is 

asked. Boiled oil brings 2c more per gallon than raw oil. 

Spirits of Turpentine.— Stocks are very low and demand 

continues unabated. In machine barrels in yard, the 

wholesale price is quoted at $1.68 per gallon. 

Rosin.— Demand is steady with not an abundance of 

stock. On the basis of 280 lbs. to the barrel, the wholesale 

Constant Air Circnlation 

Nothing is more insidious in undermining the health 

of human beings than foul, exhausted air breathed 

over and over again in any kind of building. 

Where ordinary ventilators fail to carry off this 

deadly air Burt Ventilators, by their unusual draw 

ing power and large capacity, eliminate it con 

stantly, keeping the atmosphere in the building clean 

and healthful with a continuous supply of fresh air. 

Send for 128-page catalogue. 


300 MAIN STREET AKRON, OHIO 

George W. Reed & Co., Montreal, Sole Manufacturer of Burt 



price of common-to-good strained is $12.25. Grade D is 

$16.25. 

Iron and Steel Pipe.— It is doubtful whether pipemaking 

capacity in this part of the country now is more 

than 50 per cent engaged and makers consequently are 

daily getting further behind in their obligations. Although 

the National and Pennsylvania works of the National Tube 

Co., which suspended July 3, resumed yesterday, only one 

of the six furnaces at the latter plant is in operation, while 

at the National works only the boiler tube furnaces are 

working. The Mahoning Valley plants have succeeded in 

moving considerable tonnages into the Pittsburgh district, 

owing to the availability of open-top cars moving in the 

direction of the coal mines. Wheeling district plants have 

been operating about 75 per cent and shipping about 50 per 

cent of production. Shipments by water and truck have 

enabled the Jones & Laughlin Steel Co. to maintain a comparatively 

high rate of operations. Jobbers still are pressing 

hard for deliveries and oil country goods are eagerly 

sought. 

Foundry Coke.— A further advance has been established 

in prices of spot furnace and foundry coke from beehive 

ovens. Lately, no furnace fuel has been sold at less 

than $18 per net ton oven, for prompt shipment and as 

high as $19 has been done. Those producers who have any 

surplus supplies generally are holding at $19. On selected 

72-hr. fuel, the market for spot tonnage is quotable at $19 

to $20 per net ton oven, and both figures have found basis 

in recent sales. The larger producers are not a factor in 

the present spot market, for the reason that they are applying 

practically all their production against contracts. 

The ca- supply has improved since a week ago, and production 

by the smaller oven operators has increased, but 

despite these developments the open market offerings remain 

exceedingly scant and very inadequate. 

The Man Who Putteth His House 

in Order, Liveth 

In the trade are many men who insure church activity 

by putting some energy into it. A picture taken 

of the Business Men's Bible Class of the First Baptist 

Church of Kansas City, Mo., showed 1,000 men 

present. So large a class has need of a means of announcement 

and intercourse and has a publication, the 

Business Men's Bible Class, from which the following 

advertisement by a member is taken. From reading 

the publication it is clear that "Safed the Sage" is a 

frequent contributor and presents good stuff, as per 

sample: 

And it came to pass in the days of the month of May 

that I lifted up my voice in great rejoicing because of delivery 

from slavery from mine enemy whose name is furnace 

and short was my rejoicing, for yet he remaineth in 

my basement—and also had he triumphed over the King, 

Boreas. Then spoke to me, in a Ruthless manner the voice 

of Prudence, saying: Verily in the winter which is yet to 

come he will dwell where thou dwellest, when he is cold 

thou also shall be cold, and when he has the dumps so will 

thou be likewise in the dumps. 

And I said: Thou art right. Then tackeled I mine unfaithful 

servants the telephones and implored that they give 

unto me Benton 418 or 419 on the Home contraption or 

Clifton 590 on the Bell thereof and they gave me many 

other numbers—but none of these other numbers are in the 

office of the Security Stove & Mfg. Co., and also there 

dwelleth in that office' a man surnamed Millis and he loveth 

the Furnace. And he said—Why curseth thou thy Furlace? 

For he is not thy Enemy but thy Friend. Then 

hung I mine heau in shame. 

But this man Millis showed me that it could be worse 

and also he told me that he had many men wandering in 

Fords and that they knew well the heart of the Furnace 

wd the ways thereof and that he would send to my house, 

"en unto the basement thereof and would, with loving 

ca re, examine the grates and the pots, yea also the smoke 

t 

/pATENT Ô 

PLUMBING 

FIXTURES 

*tiBmet 3 






plants of all kinds, Factories, Railway Depots, Hospitals, 



The one large central container, easily refiled, is far more 

economical and more convenient in operation than the ordi 

nary wasteful method of an individual container for every bowl. 





valve in the 



non-wasting 

supply of 

soap. A 

plumber's 

services are 

required to 

install the 

System. 

Therefore, 

every sale 

you make 

will carry 

with it a 

installation. 

contract for 

The Watrous 

Gravity Liquid Soap System 

is a new addition to the 

line of the celebrated Watrous 

Sanitary Plumbing 

Equipment, 

distinquished 

as representing 

the most 

advanced 

ideas in 

sanitary 

plumbing 

science. The 

Watrous 

Line also includes 

Watrous 


5elf-Closing 

Cocks, Uri 

Free Information on Request nals, Drinking Fountains 



1223 W. Harrison St. 

Chicago, HI. 

pipe thereof and many other parts of which I wot not, 

and that for this examination he would charge me not. 

And I said, Be it so. Now have I the bum Furnace and 

likewise the promise of this man Millis. 

Then cursed I not the Furnace but went straightway into 

my basement and removed the ashes and papers, and also 

trash from the Furnace that the man sent by Millis might 

do a good job. 

Go then, Oh, fellow furnace owner, and do likewise and 

live in hope. 

Safed the Sage. 

Oxweld Wins Distinguished Service Award 

The Oxweld Acetylene Co., of Newark, N. J., Chicago 

and San Francisco, is justly proud of the distinguished 

service award tendered the Company by 

the War Department of the United States. The 

award reads: "The War Department of the United 

States recognizes in this award for distinguished service 

the loyalty, energy and efficiency in the performance 

of "the war work by which the Oxweld Acetylene 

Co. aided materially in obtaining victory for the 

arms of the United States of America in the war with 

the Imperial German Government and the Royal Austro-Hungarian 

Government." 

The award is signed by the Secretary of War and 

the Assistant Secretary of War, Director of Munitions.










The quotations given below are for small lots, as sold from stores in Neil 


As there are many consumers whose requirements are not sufficiently heavj 



On a number of articles the base price only is given, it being impractical).; 


ALUMINUM- 

4.25 4.05 3.00 ROSIN— 


4.90 4.50 3.50 Common to good strained (whole 

99% pure, in ingots for remelt 

5.05 4.75 4.00 sale), 280 lbs., per bbl $12.25 

ing, 100-lb. lots—37 to 39c. 

6.50 7.50 SHEETS— 


ANTIMONY— 


Galvanized Steel— 


Cents per lb. 

Plain Round and Corrugated— 

10c to 12c 

No. 10, per lb 6.50-8.00 

All sizes up to 6 in 5C% 


No. 12, per lb 6.55-8.05 

Square— 


No. 14, per lb 6.60-8.10 

Square 40% 

BISMUTH— 

No. 16, per lb 6.70-8.20 

Copper- 

Per lb $4.00 to $4.50 



CONDUCTORS— 

Soft Steel 


Corrugated- 

No. 18 to 20, per Ib 7.80- 9.80 



No. 22 to 24, per lb 7.85- 9.85 

LEAD— 


No. 26, per lb 7.90- 9.90 

American Pig, per lb. ..10_zC to lie 


No. 27, per lb 7.95-9.95 

Bar, per lb llj/_c to 12c 

Copper 10% 

No. 28, per lb 8.00-10.00 

METAL LATH— 


No. 29, per lb 8.05-10.05 



No. 30, per lb 8.25-10.25 




Leads— 


10c higher 

Lead, American White, In Oil, 

(See also elbows and shoes; 


kegs less than 500 lbs., 15_ic 


20 gauge 11.10c 

Lead, White, in Oil, 25-lb. tin 

Conductor.) 

22 and 24 gauge 11.20c 

pails; add to keg price J4c 


26 gauge 11.30c 

Lead, Red, in Oil, less than 500 


28 gauge 11.50c 

lbs., 15c 

COPPER— 

Galvanized— 

Dry Colors- 

Lake ingot 21'/i-22}ie 

Cents per lb. 



Nos. 12 and 14 9.10-10.60 

Per 100 lbs., iy2 to 5c 


No. 16 9.25-10.75 


COPPER SHEETS 

Nos. 18 and 20 9.40-10.90 



Nos. 22 and 24 9.25-11.05 

Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 


No. 26 9.70-11.20 

Oils- 

From stock 31c to 33c in 100 lb. lots 

No. 27 9.85-11.35 

Linseed, City Raw $1.56 to $1.66 

and over. 

No. 28 10.00-11.50 



No. 30 10.50-12.50 

gal 2c 

advance. 



Colled Rolled, 2c 14 and heavier 

20c higher 

at $1.56 to $1.66 





2.2 in. corrugations, 30 per 100 lbs. 

In Machine Bbl $1.68 

long 48 in. 

over flat sheets. 

PUTTY— 

and to 

Corrugated Roofing—Painted— 

Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c 

less 96-in. 


In 1-lb to 5-lb. tins, 6.00 to 7.35c 

sq. ft. sq. tt. 

2 

REGISTERS— 


Cast Iron 10% 

10 in. to 36 in. wide... 5c 6c 



White Japan or Electro plate and 

Planished, lj_c per sq. ft. more 

Small Faces and Borders ....20% 






larger 40% 



long 

Base Board Intakes 20% 

and Over 

White Enameled Goods 5% 

less 96.in. 

Solid Brass or Bronze Goods, ex 


cept Grilles Net 


Grilles in Black and White Japan 


or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain 

Over 48 in. wide .... 7c 8c 



14 x 14 in., 





Copper 10% 



$102.00 




2-Ply Tarred Paper $160 

ELBOWS- 


NO. 1 No. 2 No. 3 Rosin Sized Sheathing, 

4 in $4.00 $3.90$ 2.75 


4". in 4.10 3.95 2.85 Roofing Pitch, per ton $30.00 

Open per lb. 15c 

r Prices of Solder indicated b; 

private brands very according t' 

composition. 

SOLDERING FLUXES- 


1-lb. cans, each (j 

5-lb. cans, each $3.0^- 

A. S. P. Fluid: § 

Gallon %\2^ 

12-gal. Carboy 90c per gallo 


Callahan's Non-Corrosive, pc 

gal #.?_?• 


Per lb. in 300-lb. lots 5C 

In 100 to 300-lb. lots advance i'i 

per lb. nni 

In lots of less than 100 lbs., at'cjl 

vance 4c per lb. •* 


2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 

Copper $2.80 $3.75 $5.75 $9.00 d 

Galv 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 d 


Straits, pigs per lb 5: 

Straits, in bars, per lb—57c to & 



N. B.—The price of 14 it 


IC, 14x20 $16. 

IX, 14 x 20 18. 

IXX, 14 x 20 20. 

IXXX, 14x20 22. 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 23. 


IC, 14 x 20 $14. 

IX, 14 x 20 16. 

IXX, 14 x 20 18. 

IXXX, 14 x 20 19. 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 21. 



_-in. Corrugation 

80-lb $11- 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

90-lb H. 

No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

100-lb 12. 

No. 26, per 100 sq. ft. 

IC 13. 

No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

IX 13. 


IXX 14. 

F. O. B. cars, Quarry Station. IXXX 15. 

Per Square IXXXX 16. 



Best Bangor $8.00 to $11.00 100-lb., 14 x 20 $9. 

No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 IC. 14 x 20 9. 

Pen Argyl 7.75 to 8.25 IX, 14 x 20 10. 



Vermont— 

12-lb. Coating $11,11, 

No. 1 Sea Green $5.00 to $8.50 15-lb. Coating It It: 

Unfading Green 6.50 to 13.50 20-lb. Coating 12.12., 

Red 22.00 30-lb. Coating 13.13. 

Maine— 

35-lb. Coating 14 14 

Walter's and Cooper's Brownsville, Metal Unfading Shingles 

Black, 

M. F. Grade 13 I 13 I 

No. 1 $14.00 40-lb Coating 15:15: 

Slaters felt, 30-lb roll 2.00 WASTE COTTON— 

The 

40-lb. roll 2.25 Per lb. in 5-lb. bags '••'• 

SOLDER— 

ZINC SHEETS— The 

Shingles 

'/_ to '/2 guaranteed 37J_c Western Shingles 

Slabs 10-1 0-11 

N°-, 1 34J_c Sheets No. 9 base casks ....14J.4J. 

That Last 

Kenned 30c That Last I 

The Most Complete Line of Designs The Best Material, Workmanship and Finish 

Made in Painted Tin or Genuine Re-dipped G alvanized Tin 


National Sheet Metal Roofing Co. 339-345 Grand Street 

JERSEY CITY, N. J. 

w \ \ 

i





T?rm.»T P H I N Y ATIC. fi 1920 Copyright 1920 by the Archi- 

. LORAL _-ABK, _.. I „ ALG. 0, l.„U. tectural and Building Press, Inc 

VOLUME 9-t, No. 6 

Sanitation in English Farm Buildings 

3TAt_U_. FL_"=R. 

FIO. i v.lTI-1 SonK STABLE 

FIG. 2 STEMCM 

TRAP 

Fie 3 sexTion 

Or A STABLE. 7PAP 

Utility the Governing Feature in Design of Stables 

and Cow Houses on British Country Estates 

By John Y. Dunlop 

IN no country so much as in Britain is the horse at 

once the friend and companion of man. The arrangement 

and construction of the stable are of 

an importance second only to that of the dwelling 

house itself. 

Considering the importance of this department it 

would seem proper to give it a fair amount of architectural 

embellishment, always bearing in mind the 

sound maxim that utility is the cardinal principle in 

all buildings and that the truest architecture is the 

artistic treatment of the useful. 

In the general arrangements of these buildings 

there are many points to be considered. The animal 

is like the modern man, his master, and is easily affected 

by healthy surroundings or the reverse. There 

•ire few principles of modern sanitation which have 

been set forth that do not apply to the stable department. 

A dry and well-drained site, air, light and ventilation 

without draft are all indispensable for healthy 

living quarters for animals. 

The principal accommodation required, of course, 

varies much according to the extent of the home farm. 

In a complete stable range the accommodation may 

consist of stalls and loose boxes, one or more sick or 

isolation boxes, a washing shed, a harness room, a 

cleaning and saddle room and coach house. 

The cleaning and saddle room may be made available 

for a heating apparatus for the hot water pipes 

to the coach house, which should be near the stable, 

as they would tend to keep the latter at an even 

temperature. 

There is no need to enter into a detailed description 

of the materials used in the construction of stables. 

For the walls there is no special material, stone or 

wood being the most commonly used. The lower parts 

of stable walls are best lined with boarding, as the 

wood prevents the horse from coming in contact with 

the rough surface of the wall. 

It is indispensable that the stable floor should be 

impervious to moisture, capable of being easily 

cleaned, with as few places for the lodgment of dirt 

as possible. Channels should be laid down the center 

of each stall and along the passage behind. The under 

part of the channel should be semi-circular, of

172 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 6, 1920 

cast iron with a perforated flat top, made to slide so 

that by removing one of them, the other pieces may 

be slid along and the whole of the channel cleaned out. 

By discharging the waste water from the drinking 

pots the flushing of the channel is rendered easy. 

Some people prefer an entirely open channel, as 

shown in Fig. 1, as being less liable to choke up from 

neglect. The chief objection to open gutters is that 

they allow the liquid to be absorbed by the bedding, 

retaining them within the stable, thus vitiating the 

air. 

The underground drains taken from the stable 

should be made of glazed fire-clay pipes laid upon 

concrete and jointed in the best modern manner. The 

idea used to be that on account of the great percentage 

of solid matter contained in the drain of such 

departments a very large diameter of pipe was necessary. 

The theory of large pipes for house drainage 

is now exploded and there is no reason why it should 

be retained in the case of stables or cow houses. The 

contrary rather should be the case, for a small pipe 

running nearly full will be better flushed and there 

will be a less deposit of sediment than with a large 

one. 

In every case where channels are used in the stalls 

of a stable and behind, they should discharge into a 

stench trap as shown in Fig. 1, 2 and 3. 

The stable trap should be very strong, should offer 

a good foothold for the horse and the attendant should 

be able to get his hand into every part. Then if by 

accident it were left open, the horse should not be 

likelv to be injured if he put his foot into it. The 

trap should also provide as easy a flow for the liquid 

as is compatible with a sufficient water seal. 

The stench trap shown in Fig. 2 fulfills these conditions 

and, if any objection can be taken to it, it is 

on the score that the outgo is rectangular and that 

it delivers the sewerage into the drain at right angles 

to the flow. 

A very good and novel stable trap is shown in section 

in Pig. 3, which is well suited for the close channel 

sy.stem as the trap receives the stable waste from 

the end over and above from the grating on the top. 

Some corporations do not allow anv connections between 

stable drains and public sewers and in that case 

an intercepting tank, as shown in Fig. 4, is required. 

This tank should not be too large. It should be impervious 

both at the sides and the bottom. The top 

should be closed with air-tight cover. 

Such a tank must be viewed with more or less suspicion. 

Perhaps the safest place to put it is in a spot 

as little frequented as possible, with a ventilation grid 

made to lift easily and it would be well to have it 

cleaned out as often as possible. 

Where the stable drains are connected up to a 

sewer, an inspection manhole at every change of direction 

or important junction and a disconnecting inspection 

manhole just about the point it enters the 

sewer are to be recommended. These chambers obviate 

as far as possible any necessity for lifting the 

drains and breaking up the yard and pavement in a 

case of choking. 

The ventilation of the stable is of supreme importance 

as probably half of the diseases from which 

horses suffer may be traced directly or indirectly to 

defective ventilation. 

The method found most satisfactory is by introducing 

a small glazed ventilator in the stable wall as 

high above the horse's head as possible. The fresh 

air being thrown upward toward the ceiling carries 

the air heated and contaminated by the horse's breath 

towards the back of the stable. From this one or 

more exhaust metal shafts should be provided, according 

to the size of the stable. But at least one to every 

three or four horses should be carried through the loft 

and discharged at the ridge through a suitable ventilation 

cowl. 

The system of ventilation is shown in Fig. 4, as is 

also the system of drainage. 

As suggested above, the heating installation might 

be put in the cleaning and saddle room. Another alternative 

would be to put the hot water boiler in the 

coal house, used for the barrows and other tools which 

form the necessary outfit of a stable yard. 

A slow combustion stove, made with a boiler sufficient 

to supply a few radiators for the coach house 

and harness room would be ample. 

Convenient but not too close to the coach house 

should be located the washing stance, arranged with 

a cement floor properly graded and with sufficient fall 

to a gully trap. The washing place for the horse 

should be quite close at hand so horse and attachment 

for washing the one may be used for the other. Besides 

the hose attachment, there should be a trap at 

the proper height for filling buckets. 

i. SECTION OF STABLE SHOWING DRAINAGE 

AND VENTILATION 

In arranging the water supply, much depends upon 

the site. Town and suburban stables will generally 

avail themselves of the local supply for which much 

storage will scarcely be needed and the pressure will 

be sufficient for hose and other purposes.

AUGUST 6, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 173 

In the country, however, a special supply will generally 

have to be provided. Rain water is often valuable 

for this purpose, and, if collected from the stable 

roof, the cistern will have to be fixed at a suitable 

level below the eaves. The higher the position the 

greater will be the pressure for hose uses. 

The tank, when not too large, may be of galvanized 

iron, but slate forms a very clean and durable material. 

Where the rain water is used for drinking, it 

should preferably be filtered. This filtering apparatus 

need not be an elaborate affair. 

.IT-in^s 

FIG. 5. GALVANIZED STORAGE TANK AND RAIN WATER FILTER 

It should be borne in mind that the mechanical or 

straining part of filtration is not recognized as being 

the least efficient part of the process. The purification 

of water is in the main due to the biological work 

effected by microbes and the most efficient filtering 

material is that which furnishes for these the most 

favorable habitat. 

A very efficient filter for stable purposes is shown 

in Fig. 5. It may be formed by dividing a storage 

tank into two sections by a diaphragm reaching to 

within a few inches of the bottom and placing a false 

bottom of perforated wood or galvanized iron grating 

about 6 in. above the real bottom. This grating should 

have a layer of not less than 6 in. of crushed coke. 

The water should enter the tank on one side, pass 

through the layer of coke and under the diaphragm 

and ascend again through the layer of coke on the 

other side. A filter of this kind does not become 

thoroughly effective until it has been in use for several 

days and the microbes have become fully established. 

' It will then remain in order for a long period 

and when it shows signs of clogging a slight scraping 

of the surface of the coke will re-establish its ef 

ficiency. 

The housing of one or two cows which supply milk 

to the family is a matter of such simplicity that little 

need be said about it. But the construction of large 

types upon the great milk-raising farms which surround 

large towns is now recognized as a matter of 

vital importance. In its relation, indeed, to the health 

of the community it is of infinitely greater moment 

than the construction of any stable can be. 

In construction the fabric of the cow house is much 

the same as that already described. In some types 

the stalls are arranged with the cattle facing each 

other and a feeding passage between. 

The fittings consist of cast-iron stall divisions for 

two cows in each stall with a cast-iron feeding trough 

and water tub and a wrought-iron hay rack above. 

The water is led into each water tub and arranged to 

overflow onto the feeding trough, so that it can be 

filled and flushed with water which, when discharged, 

will in turn serve to flush out the drain or cleaning 

channel immediately behind the cattle. 

Ample ventilation is indispensable. A simple air inlet 

grating opposite each cow's head answers well and 

a sheet metal outlet ventilator on the roof is perhaps 

as simple and efficacious as can be devised. 

In everything pertaining to the accommodation of 

cows, it may be reiterated that in the future consideration 

of cleanliness and health will become more 

and more paramount and the regulating sanitary laws 

and their enforcement will become increasingly 

stringent. 

Co-operation 

Running a business is not so very much different 

from runing a show. The theatrical manager can't 

get anywhere unless he can get his players to work 

together harmoniously, each one trying his or her 

best to make the production a success. There has 

to be teamwork from the rise of the curtain to its 

fall. In the same way a business manager can't 

make a good showing unless he can get his force to 

exercise teamwork all along the line. If you don't 

treat your people right, what business have you to 

expect them to treat you right? If you do treat 

them right, you have some grounds for expecting them 

to treat you right—and my experience is that the 

majority of American workmen will treat right the 

boss who treats them right. That's all there is to it. 

—Forbes Magazine (N. Y.) 

ft 24 

Recipes from an Old Scrap Book 

C/fc \XJUUtJ \cWtLrJ IJOMJU 

Pack the waste in a tin cylinder 

with a perforated false 

bottom and put a stop-cock at 

bottom. Pour on the waste bisulphide 

of carbon sufficient to 

cover, and allow to soak for a 

few minutes, then add more bisulphide, 

and so on for a time 

or two, and then squeeze out. 

By simple distillation the whole 

of the bisulphide, or nearly all, 

can easily be recovered and so 

be used over again. This will 

free the Cotton completely from


Simple Calculations That May Be Used On Small Work With 

Certainty of Pleasing Customer By Results 

Heating Guidance For Residence Work 

By Instructor 

In Seven Parts—Part II, Two Steam Systems 

A F T E R the radiator sizes for the different rooms 

have been completed, locate them on the 

plans, in pencil, using either blue-prints of the 

builder's plans, or simple tracings made from these. 

Next locate the risers for reaching the radiators, both 

for supply and return, and carry them to the basement 

plan. Especial care should be taken to keep 

these in the corners of rooms, in dark hallways, 

closets, etc., or wherever they will be least conspicuous 

and still answer their purpose satisfactorily. 

Ordinarily, it is best to keep risers to the upper 

floors outside of partitions, but if it is impossible to 

reach a certain radiator without carrying a pipe in an 

objectonable location through some important room. 

it may be run inside of a partition provided it is 

properly protected and tested before closing in. 

Pipes for this purpose should be extra heavy and 

without coupled joints Great care should be used in 

making up work of this kind and the joints should 

be made tight under hydrostatic pressure. This may 

be done by capping the risers and connecting the 

piping with city or town water pressure, if that is 

available. If not, a hydraulic hand pump may be 

used. 

There are three systems of piping commonly used 

for direct steam heating, known as the "two-pipe'' 

system, the "one-pipe relief" system and the "onepipe 

circuit" system, with various modi- 

System* fications and combinations. The first of 

of Piping these is the older form, but is not employed 

to any great extent at the present 

time in dwelling-house work, except in connection 

with some of the vapor or vacuum systems. It is 

necessary where 

coils are used instead 

of radiators, 

and sometimes for 

an especially large 

cast-iron radiator, 

thus limiting its use 

largely to shops, 

stores, etc. 

The general arrangement 

of a system 

of piping of this 

kind is shown diagrammatically 

in 

Fig. 1. The steam 

main leads from the 

top of the boiler and 

branches are carried 

along near the base- 

/?' 

Rad 

m//////M^^ 

Rad 

ff 

X 

R- 

Rad 

Rad. 

Steam 

W 

ment ceiling; risers are taken off from the supply 

branches and carried up to the radiators on the different 

floors, and return pipes are brought down to 

the horizontal return mains in the basement. 

It is a comparatively easy matter to install a system 

of piping of this kind which will supply the 

radiators with steam and carry away the water of 

condensation, but to provide a system which will do 

this quietly, without snapping or water-hammer requires 

a thorough knowledge of the principles involved. 

Water-hammer is caused by steam coming in 

contact with water at a slightly lower temperature, 

and resulting in the sudden condensation of a certain 

volume of steam. This produces a vacuum which is 

instantly filled by steam and water rushing in to fill 

the vacant space, and the coming together of these 

causes the noise and shock known as water-hammer. 

The remedy, or rather prevention, of this condition 

is evidently to keep the steam from coming in 

contact with condensation of a lower temperature, 

especially in allowing them to meet over extended 

areas. One of the most effective plans is that shown 

at the left in Fig. 1, and known as a "wet" or 

"sealed" return. This consists in carrying the main 

return near the basement floor, below the water-line 

of the boiler, and bringing the return from each radiator 

down separately and connecting with it. 

With this arrangement the areas of contact between 

steam and cooler water are very small, being 

the sectional areas of the return pipes at the points 

"A," "A." Of course steam and water are in contact 

in all of the pipes above the water level, but unless 

there are pockets where the water can collect and 

Steam jj 

dotter 

Rad. 

/%>£ 

flat 

Return 

Siphon \- • 

~* Seated Pet urn 

i7lW7W'//7'/''77''/W'/'m7W'''//7'///l/'/WM'>/>''''/>/>7/>7/mm7//7>m/7/7//77W/)/7l///l///7//////7/7/7///7/77/7//7/77/7//7/777/7///7/7///7 

FIG. 1. ELEVATION SHOWING DIFFERENT RETURN CONNECTIONS 

cool slightly, there 

will be no trouble, 

as the thin films of 

water flowing along 

the sides of the pipe 

are at practically 

the same temperature 

as the steam 

and cannot therefore 

produce a sudden 

condensation in 

sufficient volume to 

cause water-hammer. 

While the ideal 

way is to seal thc 

return from each 

radiator, as in Fig. 

1, it is not always


possible or necessary, and two returns, which are 

under practically the same pressure, may be brought 

together in a single vertical return, as shown in 

Fig. 2, and carried down to the sealed main in the 

basement. 

The "dry" or "overhead" return is shown at the 

right in Fig. 1 and requires great care in its design 

and installation to prevent water-hammer, which is 

due primarily in this case to "short-circuiting" or 

"backing up." For example, in Fig. 3, the return 

water from radiator No. 2, and those beyond, is met 

at "A" by steam at a slightly higher temperature, 

from radiator No. 1, which is at once condensed to 

some extent, and snapping in the return pipe is produced 

at this point. Furthermore, radiator No. 2 is 

under a slightly lower pressure than No. 1, due to its 

greater distance from the boiler, and steam tends to 

Rad 

Return 

_f_ » 

. \ 

Steam 

Supply 

Rad 

FIG. 2. RETURNS FROM TWO RADIATORS CONNECTED TOGETHER 

pass through the return from No. 1, into the return 

from No. 2, and to hold back the condensation 

to some extent, causing surging in addition to the 

__. 

snapping. 

Conditions of this kind may be prevented by the 

use of individual seals or siphon loops, as shown in 

Fig. 4. This limits the areas of contact between the 

steam and cooler water as already described and also 

prevents steam at a higher pressure from passing 

through into the return. Any difference in pressure 

on the two sides of the loop is balanced by the water 

standing higher in one leg than in the other, as shown 

in the cut. 

A simple arrangement, illustrating the principles 

to be carried out in using dry returns, is shown at 

the right in Fig. 1. The condensation from the end 

of the steam supply line is dripped through a siphon 

to prevent short-circuiting. It will be noticed that 

the return from the first-floor radiator No. 1 is 

brought into the main return beyond that from the 

upper-floor radiator No. 2. This is because No. 1 

is at a slightly higher pressure, being nearer the 

boiler, and by connecting its return beyond that of 

No. 2 it tends to force the condensation toward the 

boiler instead of holding it back, as would be the case 

if the connections from the two radiators were reversed. 

If there were very much difference between 

the relative locations of radiators 1 and 2, with reference 

to the boiler, it would be best to insert a 

siphon loop in the return from No. 1. 

The illustrations given are of the simplest, but they 

serve to show conditions to be overcome and the general 

methods of doing it. A careful study of the 

diagrams in connection with the description given in 

the text should enable one to apply the same prin 

ciple to any building of ordinary size, as it is simply 

a repetition of the same methods, carried out on a 

larger scale. 

Another advantage of the wet return in two-pipe 

work is that each radiator is sealed against the entrance 

of steam through the return end, and neither 

is it possible for air to become caught or pocketed in 

the middle sections. This often happens with a dry 

return, when the return water is opened before the 

radiator is entirely filled with steam. 

When it is necessary to use dry returns on account 

of the pipes crossing doorways, etc., they should be 

of ample size and have a downward pitch of at least 

1 in. in 10 ft. toward the boiler. As a matter of fact, 

it is possible to use a wet return in most buildings 

of the class under consideration, at least for the main 

part, and employ overhead lines simply as special 

branches to overcome local obstacles as noted above. 

For the lengths of run and other conditions found 

in connection with dwelling houses and similar buildings 

the following pipe sizes will be 

Pipe Sizes found to give satisfaction. They 

for Two- are based on the square feet of di- 

Pipe Systems rect radiation to be supplied, and 

are suitable for distances up to 150 

ft. with a steam pressure of 1 lb. 

Square feet Diameter of Diameter of Diameter of 

of radiation Steam Pipe Dry Return Wet Return 

60 1 1 A* 

120 Vi 1 J 

160 1_= 154 ,\. 

450 2 VA VA 

750 2/2 2 1_ 

1,200 3 2V, 2 

1.800 3

176 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCUST 6, 1920 

expand in length about l 1 /. in- P er 100 ft. when lowpressure 

steam is turned into them, so it is evident 

this elongation must be taken into account when the 

system is laid out on the plans. For the sizes of pipe 

used in dwelling houses and similar buildings, and 

the lengths of run encountered, it is customary to take 

care of this by means of bends and offsets which 

cause any lengthening of a pipe to be taken up by the 

spring in another pipe at right angles to it, as shown 

in Fig. 5. 

Pad. 

f?eturn. 

Siphi 

on 

Loop. 

.o. ^•sit/on of pipe FT hen cold. 

Wafer 

Line in this 

WStde of Loop 

place in the same direction. At the end each line 

should be dripped into the return, a siphon loop being 

used if the return is above the water-line of the 

boiler. 

In determining the pipe sizes, start at the end of 

each branch and mark in pencil on the plan the number 

of square feet of radiation each is to supply, 

working back toward the boiler, and adding the sums 

as the branches unite. After the amount of radiation 

to be carried by each portion of the supply and return 

system has been noted in this way, the proper 

size may be taken at once from the tables given for 

this purpose. 

(To be continued) 

Why Money Is Scarce 

The following is an extract from an article by Paul 

Clay in Forbes Magazine on the cause of money be* 

ing scarce: 

The shortage of funds in the hands of the people, funds 

with which to pay the excessive prices, may best be seen by 

observing the approximate income and expenditure of the 

whole people. Some of the items are estimated as follows: 

Present annual wages and salaries... _ $51,937,200,000 

Aggregate corporation dividends and interest 3,212,700,000 

Interest income of private lenders- _ _ 1,070,900,000 

4-4 

Total income of American people 

Cost of living at pre-war standard 

$56,220,800,000 

44,956,800,000 

FIG. 4. RETURN SEALED TO AVOID SHORT CIRCUIT 

Balance - $11,264,000,000 

A typical piping layout for a small building is shown This balance over and above the estimated cost of living 

in plan in Fig. 6, and among other things illustrates 

the matter of flexibility just mentioned. If any one 

section of pipe is examined, it will be seen that any 

at the pre-war standard looks at first to be very liberal 

indeed; but the following items have to be paid out of it or 

charged against it: 

Approximate 1920 war taxes _ $5,000,000,000 

change in length will be taken care of by the trans Increase in consumption of luxuries (estimated) 5,000,000,000 

verse or sidewise spring of the sections with which it 

Personal savings at pre-war rate of 9 per cent. 5,059,800,000 

connects. 

All pipes and branches should be free to move in 

Total _ $15,059,800,000 

Just at the time when merchants and producers were 

their hangers or supports in order to adjust them forced to hasten the sale of their products because they 

selves to the movements caused by expansion and 

contraction. All supply mains and branches should 

grade down slightly from a high point over the boiler, 

could not borrow more money at the banks, the spending 

monty in the hands of the people ran short. According to 

estimates, the shortage was at the rate of about $4,000,000,- 

000 per annum, or $333,000,000 per month. Hence, it re 

so that the flow of steam and condensation may take quired extra persuasion to sell goods, and there was nothing 

to do but cut prices. The question of overproduction or 

Position of pipe rthen hot. 

underproduction was immaterial, for our business concerns 

as a whole had to have funds to meet pressing obligations, 

and could not get these funds except by hastening sales. 

1 

I 

I 

Q Anchor 

FIG. 5. THE EFFECT OF EXPANSION 

V///////////A7>'77777777>7/W/7/h. 

FIG. 6. BASEMENT PLAN OF PIPING ARRANGEMENT

AUGUST 6, 1920 ÊTAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

Saving Time in Rolling 12 inch Pieces 

Calculated -- Means Greater Output 

Economy in Use of Wider Sheet Bars 

THERE is perhaps no individual branch of the 

iron and steel industry in the United States 

that presents such an expanding field as the 

manufacture of sheets. In roofing sheets the gages 

and sizes have a tendency to run heavier and larger 

than the staple roofing sheets of the past. Automobile 

stock runs in larger sizes and heavier gages 

than the 22 and 20 gage sheets which used to form 

the bulk of the roofing requirements. 

The use of sheets for other purposes than roofing 

is growing by leaps and bounds. Car siding for passenger 

cars and trim for interior of passenger cars 

must in the future be of sheet metal, as the supply of 

suitable timber is being exhausted and its replacement 

by means of the slow natural growth of the 

harder ornamental woods need not be counted on as a 

practical future supply except in exceptional cases 

such as private cars and the like where considerations 

of expense are neglected. The same applies 

to office furniture and office sash, trim, etc. Equally, 

ship's cabin trim and fixtures, berths, etc., will 

largely be of sheet metal in the future for the same 

reason, shortage of ornamental timber. 

All of these comparatively new and growing uses 

for sheets of iron and steel run to the heavier gages. 

The fiat sheet, 27 or 28 gage requirements, will always 

be with us, with a tendency to increase in 

Heavier volume rather than decrease; but the sizes 

Gages of 6 to 8 ft. long and 24, 30 and 36 in. 

wide will probably remain unaltered. These 

lighter sheets can well be efficiently and economically 

rolled from 8-in. bars of varying thickness, seldom, 

however, exceeding % in., on jump roughing mills. 

The bars come from the steel works in about 30-ft. 

lengths, and it has become customary to roll these in 

widths of 6, 7 and 8 in. in varying thicknesses. They 

are sheared at the sheet mill into sheet lengths. The 

length of the sheared bar constitutes the width of the 

sheet, there being little or no elongation of the bar 

in the direction of its length in the process of conversion 

from bar to sheet, the reduction of area and consequent 

elongation of the sheet taking place in the 

direction of the width of the bar. 

There are many advantages in the use of jump 

roughing stands, whether these are used on the socalled 

Welsh system, roughing and finishing on the 

same stand, or whether a stand of sand roughing rolls 

is installed for two stands of chilled finishing rolls, 

as has been the usual American practice. The outstanding 

gain is the elimination of the pinion stand, 

and minor advantages consist of the cheaper type of 

housing required, as the balancing rigging is not 

necessary in the case of a jump rougher. 

This brings up the question of why pinion stands 

•Reprinted from the Iron Age. 

By Clement R. Poppleton 

177 

and balanced roughing stands have been considered 

necessary in the past. In sheets the thickness of the 

bar is the direct factor governing the 

Thickness of size of the finished sheet, as this is 

Bar Governs function of weight. Assuming a fin- 

Sneet Size ished sheet is to be 6 ft. x 30 in., 24 

gage, the sheared sheet would weigh 

1.02 lb. per sq. ft, or 1,5.3 lb. A good percentage of 

waste can be taken at 10 per .cent, and as two sheets 

come from one bar (they are doubled before reheating) 

the bar would be 31 x 8 about 15-32 in., or 33.66 

lb. in weight. 

This bar will easily enter the pass of a jump 

rougher, the top roll of wliich is driven by friction 

alone, so that for this and similar size and weight 

sheets the Welsh system is economically applicable. 

There is, however, a limit to the size sheet that 

can be rolled on a jump rougher. A thicker bar 

than 114 in. is very difficult to get into the pass 

of the jump rougher, as the top roll is not balanced 

(this roll rests on the bottom driven roll) and the 

gap has to be forced by the bar itself, making the 

rollers work very laboriously. Of course the top roll 

may be balanced although it is not driven. This 

balancing renders the work of the roller in the first 

pass much easier but increases the initial cost of the 

housing and rigging. 

From this it will be seen that the size of sheet 

that it is possible to roll on the Welsh system is 

limited to 6 ft. x 30 in. x 16 gage, or 12 ft. 10 in. x 36 

in. wide in 24 gage. It is to be observed, however 

than in actual commercial practice 12 ft. by 36 in. 

wide would be the limit rolled in 24 gage, for which 

a slightly lighter bar than H/4 in. thick would be 

required. For large sheets in 28 gage, the limit is 

8 ft. x 36 in. wide, and again a lighter bar is used. 

Assuming that sheets 10 ft. long x 36 in. wide and 

of 16 gage are required, the bar would have to weigh 

84.15 lb., or be over 2 in. thick. This thickness of 

bar would necessitate the use of a balanced top roll 

for the roughing pass, and to grip the thickness this 

top roll would have to be driven, necessitating the use 

of a pair of pinions. Thus it appears that the main 

reason for using the pinions is the fact that the practice 

of the trade has been to confine the width of the 

sheet bar to 8 in. 

If the bar were 12 in. wide by 37 in. long, the 

square area would become 444 sq. in. and taking 1 

cu. in. of steel as weighing 0.283 lb., the thickness 

of the bar to give the required weight of bar, 168.80 

lb., would be 1.339 in., which it is just possible to 

rough through a balanced jump rougher. It must 

be remembered, however, that a sheet 10 ft. long x 

36 in. wide x 16 gage is an extreme out size and 

would be rolled verv seldom or never in actual com-

178 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 6. 1920 

mercial practice, and as a consequence all the com With the first pass on an 8-in. bar and the rollmercially 

used sheets would come well within the ing time of 0.242 sec, and with 10 sec. interval for 

l^-in. limit of thickness, and for a mill whose prod the catcher to take the bar and pass it over the top 

uct would be mainly used for automobile or car siding 

roll back to the roller, 10.242 sec. elapses 

stock it would be well to have all the roughing stands More Time until the bar reaches the roller for the 

balanced, although the expense of the extra balancing for 8-in. second pass. The area after the second 

rigging could well be spared in the ordinary mill Bar pass is 8.82 sq. in., and allowing 30 per 

designed for the usual run of commercial products 

cent, reduction of area, the area after 

in the way of sheets. 

the third pass would be 6.17 sq. in. and the length 

It seems to the writer that there is nn reason why of embryo sheet would be 23.32 in. 

the bars should not be taken off the bar mill 12 in. The comparison then would be: 

wide, at least no reason that is prohibitive. In fact, 

this would make for a bar mill economy, as it would 

First pass, 12 in. bar __ 

increase the output of the bar mill. It is 

Economy obvious that the larger the sectional area 

Second pass, 12-in. bar 

in 12-in.- of the finished bar the shorter time it 

wide Bars will take to produce a given tonnage, and 

Length, 

_ 0.363 sec. 17.14 in. 

Interval, 10 sec. 10.363 sec. 

Length, 

0.519 sec. 24.48 in. 

Total time, 10.882 sec. 

Length, 

the wider bar would necessarily mean a First pass, 8-in. bar - 0.242 sec. 11.428 in. 

decreased amount of duty for the roughing pass in the 

Interval, 10 sec. 10.242 sec 

sheet mill for the reason that the reduction of area 

Length, 

and consequent elongation of the embryo sheet is already 

50 per cent, from 8 in. wide to 12 in. wide 

before the first pass. The elongation from bar to 

sheet is always in the direction of the width of the 

bar. 

Second pass, 8-in. bar 0.346 sec. 16.31 in. 

Interval, 10 sec. 20.588 sec 

Length, 

Third pass, 8-in. bar 0.494 sec. 23.32 in. 

Total time, 21.082 sec 

Or, in other words, the length of the embryo sheet 

Thus running on an 18-in. finishing mill at 40 from the 12-in. bar would be greater after the sec 

r.p.m., 5 ft. in length of 12 x y2-in. bar would weigh ond pass than the length of the embryo sheet from 

1,320 lb. and would take 1.59 sec. in the finishing the 8-in. bar after the third pass. 

pass. 

The corresponding weight of 8-in. bar would be 

S^-in. thick if 5 ft. long, and would take up the 

same amount of time on the bar mill, but to reduce 

the work of the roughing pass in the sheet mill to 

The time comparison would be for the 12-in. 

bar 10.882 sec. from bar to the 24.48 in. embryo 

sheet. For the 8-in. bar 21.082 sec. to the 23.32in. 

embryo sheet. This saving of time must necessarily 

increase the output per stand. 

An added economy is due to the fact that the 

the equivalent of the 12 x l/2-in. bar would be im heat is dissipated in direct ratio to the time elapsed 

possible on account of the weight of the bar being from the taking of the bars out of the furnace, and, 

too light. 

of course, it is obvious that the more passes on the 

Thus we see that taking 30 per cent, reduction roughing stand before the heat is dissipated, the 

of area on a 12 x l/2-in. bar 24 in. long, weight 40.80 better results will be obtained both in! finish of 

lb., cubical contents, 144 cu. in., the first pass would sheets and reduction of the number of passes re 

give an embryo sheet 17.14 in. long, 24 in. wide and quired to get down to gage in the finishing pass and 

about 23-64 in. thick, having, a cubical content of the corollary of saving in fuel. 

144 cu. in., and would be 0.363 sec. in the pass, the The economies to be effected in capital outlay are 

diameter of the rolls being 30 in. and the speed of obvious. First, the outstanding feature is the entire 

the mill train 30 r.p.m. 

elimination of the pinions and their housings. It 

To get this length from an 8 x 3/4-in. bar at the is very risky to assume even an approximate cost 

same amount of reduction of area, namely, 30 per 

for rolling mill equipment in the 

cent., and with the same diameter of rolls, 30 in., Obvious Econ- present market, but a pair of 30-in. 

and the same speed of mill train, 30 r.p.m., would omy in Capital pinions with tlieir housings and caps 

require three passes. The first reduction would be Outlay and the extra spindle for driving the 

from the 8 x S^-in. bar, 24 in. long, of 40.80 lb. 

top roll of the roughing stand would 

weight, and 144 cu. in. contents. The area to be cost at least $15,750 assembled on the shoe plates, to 

reduced, 24ix% in., or 18 sq. in., would at 30 per which must be added the extra cost of the balancing 

cent, reduction become, after the first pass, 12.60 rigging, approximately $3,000. There would be a 

sq. in., and the length of the embryo sheets 11.428 small offset to this in the shape of the extra cost of 

in., the cubical contents being 144 cu. in. The time spindle and one extra spindle carrier approximately 

in the first pass would be 0.242 sec. 

$4,000, leaving the net saving 14,750 for each stand 

Carrying the same reduction of area to the second of pinions eliminated. 

pass, viz., 30 per cent., we have this condition: Em The item of lubrication for the pinions would, of 

bryo sheet 11.428 in. long x 24 in. wide x about course, be eliminated, thus effecting a very consid 

33-64 in., having an area to be reduced of 12.60 erable annual saving in operating costs, and to this 

sq. in. and a cubical content of 144 cu. in. The area annual saving must be added the expense of upkeep 

after the second pass would thus become 8.82 sq. in., and renewals of pinions and brasses. 

which would mean an embryo sheet 16.31 in. long x 24 It is not economy to roll heavier sheets than 16 

in. wide x about 23-64 in. thick, having a cubical con gage on a sheet mill. These sheets should be rolled 

tent of 144 cu. in., and the time in the second pass on a jobbing mill where it is possible to utilize a 

being 0.346 sec. 

much heavier slab and roll sheets to a very consider-

AUGUST 6, 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 179 

able length, shearing to the required size afterward. 

In fact, a well-proportioned steel works, doing a 

large business in sheets for the modern requirements, 

should always have a sheet mill and jobbing mill 

run in conjunction with each other. There is, in 

fact, a double economy to be effected by this. 

A jobbing mill has its economical range between 

16 gage and 3-16 in. thick and thus would be a great 

relief to the plate mill, as rolling 3-16-in. plate on 

a lare plate mill is very uneconomical. 

Shop Method for Laying Out a 

Twisted Offset 

By Practical 

AF EW weeks ago we were putting up some heat 

pipe and, when we got to the connection between 

the ceiling of the first floor and the floor line 

of the second floor, we found a fitting was missing. 

The partition on the second floor ran at right angles 

to the partition on the first floor and a fitting was 

needed with a 12-in. slant height, with a twist indi- 

g ALLOW LARS 

SHOP METHOD OF GETTING PATTERN FOR TWISTED OFFSET 

cated in Fig. 1, both openings being made for 4 in. 

x 10 in. pipe. 

If the sheet metal worker will follow me, he will 

find how easy this was to lay out direct on the sheet 

metal. First a line was marked 5 in. (or one-half of 

10) from the end of the sheet, as shown by A-B in 

Fig. 2. At right angles to A-B the line B-D was 

drawn and the height B-A made equal to the slant 

height desired or in this case 12-in., indicated by 

A in Fig. 1. Through A in Fig. 2, the line A-C 

was drawn parallel to B-D. As the size of pipe used 

was 4 x 10 in, 5-in. was laid off each side of B and 

2-in. on each side of A, all as shown, and lines were 

drawn from these points as indicated. 

Now alternately at top and bottom of the pattern 

the distances 10-4-10 (at top) and 4-10-4, (at bottom) 

were laid off in inches, and lines drawn as shown 

which resulted in perfectly straight lines. Collars 

indicated by F and E were added, and notched out 

—as shown by R-S and T. 

The net pattern shape was the result of the operation, 

to which laps were allowed for double seaming 

•or riveting the corner. The collars were bent as indicated 

in the section to which the straight pipes were 

connected. 

The offset in question was placed central; that is 

one pipe directly in the center over the other. When 

this offset is not central, that is, when it projects 

more one way than another, a different method is 

•employed in getting the pattern, and will form the 

subject of another article in the near future. 

Nickel Plating Rolled Zinc 

TTSERS of rolled zinc frequently desire to nickelplate 

either the original strips and sheets of zinc 

or the articles made of it as nickel-plating on zinc is 

a regular process in a number of manufacturing plants. 

In some cases there has been diffculty in obtaining 

adherent deposits and good color. The plater who 

has had no experience in plating zinc is likely to obtain 

streaky, non-adherent deposits but the causes of 

these difficulties and remedies are given as follows by 

the New Jersey Zinc Co., 160 Front Street, New York: 

First, the surface to be plated is absolutely clean, 

yet zinc is readily attacked by strong solutions of 

caustic alkalis such as caustic soda with the attendant 

formation of various compounds on the surface of the 

zinc. Even such a mild alkali as soda ash (sodium 

carbonate) reacts under certain conditions with the 

zinc to form a thin surface film of basic carbonate. 

If it is attempted to clean the zinc in solutions 

containing much caustic alkali or if the action of 

cleaners composed essentially of sodium carbonate is 

not carefully watched and controlled, the deposit of 

of nickel will be separated from the zinc by a thin 

imperceptible layer of these basic compounds. Such a 

deposit will inevitably appear, no matter how good the 

solution may be. 

An alkali of some sort is necessary to remove the 

grease and oil left on the surface from the bottom 

operations. A cleaner composed of sodium carbonate 

with only a small amount of caustic soda may be successfully 

used if care is taken that the zinc is left in 

the solution no longer than needed to remove grease. 

There is always the tendency toward the formation 

of a surface film with the resulting pealing when 

using this type of cleaner, and it is desirable to avoid 

this danger. If zinc is used as the cathode in an electric 

cleaner, the evolution of hydrogen gas at the surface 

of the zinc effectively prevents the formation of 

an interfering film of basic compound. Moreover, 

the formation of bubbles assists mechanically in the 

emulsification of the oil or grease in the alkali solution. 

For these reasons the use of an electric cleaner 

with zinc as the cathode is recommended for cleaning 

zinc preparatory to plating of any kind. A solution 

containing four ounces of sodium carbonate per gallon 

gives good results. 

After the zinc has remained in the cleaner the necessary 

length of time, it should be removed from the 

bath, rinsed in clean water and placed in the plating 

tank without delay. The surface of the zinc should 

not be allowed to become dry as slight oxidation would 

result and this in turn would cause a non-adherent 

coating. At this stage of the operation the thoroughness 

of the cleaning may be judged; if the rinsing 

water covers the entire surface when removed momentarily 

the surface is properly cleaned, but if there is a 

tendency for the water to collect in drops or streaks 

instead of remaining in an even sheet over the surface 

the cleaning has not been carried on long enough and 

should be continued a while longer. 

Nickel may be deposited upon zinc by simply immersing 

the zinc article in a nickel solution, but such a 

deposit is always black and non-adherent. When de- 



The Five Components of Cost 

Is It Covered in the Estimate?* _ 

Neglecting Any of the Elements of Construction Expense 

Means Service Without Payment—Analysis Shows Items 

Which the Estimator Sometimes Omits—The Contractor 

Is Entitled to Salary — Profit Is the Return on His 

Capital Investment 

T H E subject, "Cost Estimating," is of unusually 

wide scope as practically each type of contract 

work has to be analyzed on its own merits and is 

subject to special considerations. In all cases, however, 

the following elements enter and must be given 

consideration: 

Financial Credit. 

Constructive Skill. 

Use of Plant. 

Hazard. 

Profit. 

The contractor should make a carefully prepared 

schedule of the amount of money which will have to 

be invested in the proposed work from the time he 

signs the contract until his final estimate 

Financial is rendered. From such schedule he must 

Credit determine the amount of interest this 

money will cost and this amount is a 

proper charge against the work. If this is not done, 

the contractor is merely contributing to the owner 

this amount. 

Furthermore, a careful analysis along these lines 

will often disclose the fact that a certain piece of 

work requires a larger amount of money to handle it 

than is apparent at first glance. Such a condition 

might work a hardship if not disaster on the contractor 

in spite of the fact that all other considerations 

had been taken care of. It is a notorious fact 

that on certain types of contracts, pay for preliminary 

work, which may be a large item, cannot be 

secured through the medium of the regular unit prices 

until the work has progressed well along to completion. 

Contractors engaged in business are entitled to 

receive compensation in the shape of an annual salary 

for personal services rendered. It is our belief that 

any computations of cost should include 

Constructive suflicient amount to cover such salary 

Skill whether it be that of a single individual 

or various members of a partnership or 

corporation. If this is not done, the contractor is 

contributing his services to the owner without remuneration, 

because by no stretch of the imagination can 

there be any rightly considered profit except as ovei 

and above a reasonable salary allowance to the contractor 

himself. 

•Report of Committee on Cost Estimate ot the Northwestern 

Association of General Contractors. 

Regarding the use of plant, this item justifies an 

independent discussion by itself and we suggest that 

the association appoint a committee to deal directly 

with it. 

Many specifications include clauses which contemplate 

making the contractor assume risks which should 

properly be borne by the site, or in other words, 

should be at the owners' risk. In making a 

Hazard proposal on such work the contractor has 

two alternatives—one to protect himself in 

his proposal against such risks by special provision 

in his proposal, or secondly, to put a large value on 

any possible risk which he is asked to stand. 

It mav be well to add in this connection that while 

it ordinarily behooves a contractor to be somewhat of 

an optimist he can well afford to be a confirmed pessimist 

when figuring this portion of a contract. It is 

possible this fact more than any other has caused 

good firms to have to go out of the contracting business. 

As to the necessity of a profit we can all be agreed. 

As to the amount which must be added as a percentage 

on the cost, differences of opinion will exist, but it 

must be remembered that the contracting bus- 

Profit iness is a particularly hazardous one; that 

it is irregular in volume and that every contract 

will not necessarily be profitable. 

Furthermore, it must be remembered that the average 

merchant sells goods from his shelves at a profit 

with a definitely established cost for the goods themselves. 

The manufacturer sells on short-term contracts—his 

overhead, plant installation and plant 

maintenance costs are established and regular, and 

while he may not in all cases be willing to admit it, 

the manufacturer is practically working on a cost 

plus basis to day. The only difference in most cases 

between his method of fixing prices and that of a cost 

plus construction contract is that the manufacturer 

can and does add a larger profit for the use of his 

organization, brains and energy. The contractor must 

provide his plant, must guess at the cost of it, in 

fact, must guess at the operating cost, must guess 

successfully if he is to stay in the business as to what 

the labor market will be, and if he is willing to do 

this he is surely entitled to a fair margin of profit. 

The following items also enter into most work and 

must be considered in detail before the preliminary 

cost of a piece of work can be considered as complete:

AUGUST 6, 1920 

Interest. 

Overhead Expense. 

Bonds. 

Insurance: 

Employers' Liability. 

Public Liability. 

Fire Insurance. 

Special Risks. 

Freight on Outfit to and 

from Work. 

Moving In and Out. 

Land Damages. 

Toolhouse and Other Buildings. 

Preliminary W r .ork. 

Cost of Materials Plus 

METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

Freight. 

Hauling Materials. 

Supervision. 

Labor. 

Loss on Board. 

Transportation of Labor. 

Tools. 

Plant Rental. 

Supplies. 

Running Repairs. 

General Repairs. 

Special. 

Machinery. 

Fuel and Power. 

Water. 

Taking up these items in order we will comment 

briefly on each: 

INTEREST—This is covered in our discussion of financial 

credits. 

OVERHEAD—A contractor should establish the proper cost 

of the overhead charges in his business. This should include 

the charges salary allowance for members of the 

firm, traveling expenses, etc. Provision should also be 

made here for the maintenance of an equipment storage 

yard. 

BONDS—No comment should be necessary on this item. 

INSURANCE—It is not necessary to make a discussion of 

the ordinary items, but we wish to call attention to the 

fact that prudence would require that any combustible 

material, together with camps, storehouses, etc., should 

be insured and such insurance is, of course, a proper item 

of cost to the work. There are often special risks which 

occur upon a job which may be protected by insurance, and 

such insurance is also part of the cost. 

FREIGHT ON OUTFIT—This is possibly a portion of the 

item following, but we have listed it separately because we 

believe that many contractors under-estimate the amount 

of freight that they will be required to pay on their outfits 

in such cases. 

MOVING IN AND OUT EXPENSE—This is an item frequently 

overlooked by contractors, but one which requires 

careful consideration. First, there is expense of loading 

outfit at the shop; second, the unloading of it at point of 

destination; third, the moving of it; fourth, the setting up 

and getting plant ready to operate, and the reverse of all 

these operations until the plant is again delivered in the 

contractor's yard. 

LAND DAMAGES—This is an item which we believe many 

contractors neglect entirely and still it is one which costs 

considerable sums of money. This seems particularly true 

in connection with county road work. Land damages accrue 

from the use of property, from moving outfits across 

property, and for storage yard and other construction 

layout. 

TOOLHOUSE AND OTHER BUILDINGS—This is another fruitful 

source of under-estimating by contractors. 

PRELIMINARY WORK—This is an item which should not 

only be considered in cost estimating, but we believe that 

we should digress from the subject for a moment and 

call attention to the fact that it is probably a duty which 

every contractor owes to himself to work out a definite 

scheme of handling a piece of work before he proceeds 

with an estimate. This does not mean that he must detail 

the laying out of an entire piece of work but that he must 

see clearly that a certain general line of procedure can be 

followed with expectation of proper results therefrom. 

COST OF MATERIALS—Mention is made of this particularly 

to emphasize the fact that a cost estimate is usually based 

on certain material quotations, and it is very necessary 

in these times that a prospective bidder should be careful 

to be properly covered with material quotations when 

making a bid and to close up promptly with the material 

dealers after the award of the contract. 

In connection with this comes a question of freight which 

must not be overlooked but in case of the present railway 

situation it would seem necessary for every bidder to make 

special provision in his proposal to protect against a 

change in freight rates during the time of the work. 

HAULING MATERIALS—All hauling costs should be verv 

carefully analyzed, as they are often a fruitful source of 

tinder-estimation. 

SOTERVISION—Care should be taken to see that any computation 

of labor also includes any supervision which is 

not covered in the item of overhead. This would usually 

mean general foremen, timekeepers, labor agents 

LABOR—Labor is perhaps the most difficult item in the 

computing of cost which a contractor has to deal with 

Kates have been rising for several years and it is apparent 

hat wages have not reached their peak. Provision must 

he made somewhere to protect against what the bidder 

considers the maximum rate which will accrue during- the 

life of the contract. 

6 

i L O S S ,°N B OARD—In most cases there is a definite board 

loss. While this may not be true with large jobs, working 

through a considerable period of time, the small crew usually 

contributes a constant loss. 

TRANSPORTATION OF LABOR—This is an item very often 

neglected, yet it is very common to have to advance railroad 

fares to laborers with the resulting increase in the cost of 

the work. 

TOOLS—Contractors often fail to make the proper allowance 

for tools. Careful analysis of work done will show that 

a tool item is a very appreciable one in every contract and 

will also indicate that tools do not carry any too well 

from job to job, but that there is a definite and* heavy loss 

on every job in connection with this item. 

SUPPLIES—This is an item which is often neglected as 

being a minor consideration. On certain classes of work it 

is really, instead, a very happy item, and should be given 

careful consideration. The contractor will save himself 

money by checking up his past work and arriving at a clear 

understanding of what such costs really are. 

RUNNING AND GENERAL REPAIRS—These should be discussed 

in connection with the use of plant, of plant rental, 

but in any case the contractor must understand that they 

are necessary parts of the cost of doing a piece of work. 

SPECIAL MACHINERY—On many contracts it is necessary 

to employ in addition to an ordinary contractor's plant some 

special form of machinery either purchased from a manufacturer 

or built by the contractor for the work. In either 

case plant rental is not a proper charge for this class of 

equipment. The entire cost of it less its scrap value must 

be charged to the one job on which it is useu, otnerwise a 

contractor may complete a large amount of work and find 

the entire profits tied up in machinery which has little value 

other than scrap. 

FUEL AND POWER—The cost of power especially varies 

so much in different localities that the bidder should 

acquaint himself carefully with the local conditions. If a 

large amount of fuel is involved careful allowance must be 

made for the hauling and handling of same. 

WATER—This item often becomes a serious obstacle to 

the proper handling of work and is one that requires a great 

deal of attention. It sometimes adds very materially to the 

cost. In addition to this, we wish to impress all contractors 

with the desirability of investigating the available water 

supply in connection with a given piece of work before 

making their figures. 

We cannot close the discussion of cost estimating 

without dwelling for a moment on the question of 

cost keeping. The fact that so many contracting 

concerns are closed out of business each year is a 

strong indication that something is not 

Conclusion correct with the way construction work 

is figured. A good deal of it comes from 

neglecting a number of items which we have men 

tioned above and which do not appeal to some men 

as being of enough moment to give direct considera 

tion to when making figures. Other trouble comes 

from not keeping careful cost data of work done and 

analyzing such costs. 

It is not the purpose of this report to go into de 

tail regarding such things, but we believe that a con 

tractor should avoid using manufacturers' statements 

of operating costs as well as any other stop-watch 

(Continued on page 193) 

181

182 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 6. 1920 

Successful Heating Attends the Practice That in Every 

Way Conforms to Natures Laws 

The Common Sense of Furnace Heatin 

Friction and restriction create trouble; ample capacity 

everywhere prevents complaints; if you tell the customer 

the why of it you will have the way of it 

T H E best aid to giving customers satisfaction from 

the furnaces which you install is your experience 

and common sense. Use them to the limit. They 

are your biggest and best asset in applying all the 

rules and aids you get from books, engineers, manufacturers 

and salesmen. Do not become overwhelmed 

or confused if you get a lot of conflicting information. 

Your job is to sort it all over and use it in accordance 

with common sense on the job in hand. All of it will 

be of use at some time, so remember it but keep your 

head. You are the one who is responsible, who will 

get the praise or the blame, so use what is most needed 

in all enterprises, just plain, every-day common sense. 

Now to consider the application. You have found a 

house, the owner of which can well afford the comfort 

of a good heating outfit. It is common sense to hunt 

such customers. They are yours and generally without 

competition, for certainly you are the first in the 

customer's memory and have shown him something of 

benefit to him. You have shown your interest and 

have made clear the necessity of doing the job right. 

But the house is to be the scene of your success in 

heating it, in making a profit and extending your 

prestige, so study it. 

There is no auestion but what wind has an effect 

on furnace heating outfits, so see from what direction 

the wintry blasts will strike the house. The location 

of trees, a hill or some other building will deflect the 

north wind and make it strike the house on the east 

side, while it may be sheltered on the west. Take your 

air supply accordingly and locate the furnace so the 

pipes will be short running to the cold side. 

It may be that your customer wants a really firstclass 

job and the best you know how to do. Then 

make the air supply duct big enough, fully equal in 

area to the total area of all the warm-air pipes. If 

possible enclose the window from which 

Make the the air supply is taken and make it a 

Air Supply room or chamber big enough to have 

.Imple three or four times the capacity of the 

air duct you intend to run from it 

through the furnace. This will make it a settling 

chamber so that dust and dirt will collect and not be 

carried into the furnace. It will also serve as a 

cushion to break up the force of the wind that will 

enter through the opening to this chamber. 

It may be that the house will be so located that 

winds will drive against it sometimes from one side 

and sometimes from the other side. This may necessitate 

the use of a cold air duct from each side of the 

house, to be operated by closing the damper on one 

side and opening it on the other as requirements may 

indicate. 

It may be better to take the air supply from within 

the liouse, from the hall or from one or two of the 

large rooms on the first floor. There will then be no 

zero air to come in contact with the fur- 

Inside Air nace to use coal to heat it up to 70 deg. 

Supply Has before it commences to absorb extra 

Advantages heat lost through the walls and windows 

while maintaining a comfortable 

temperature in the various rooms heated. 

Inside air supply has been quite commonly used all 

across the northern border of the United States for 

many years and it is now being more generally used 

wherever furnace heating systems are installed. Apparently 

the results have not been detrimental to the 

health of those occupying the homes, even if theoretically 

there is something hygienically in favor of the 

outdoor air supply. The main thing about the air 

supply is that it shall be adequate and continuous 

whether it comes from indoors or outdoors, whether 

from the point of intake it runs in a duct under the 

floor to a pit over which the furnace is placed, having 

a pier in the center to support the weight, or whether 

it runs on top of the floor and connect with the casing 

of the furnace. 

It has already been indicated that the location of 

the furnace is of great importance. The point of location 

is not governed by the loca- 

You Must tion of the coal bin, where the cellar 

Select Location stairs come down, or some other simfor 

Furnace ilar seemingly important thing. The 

point of location is governed by the 

ease with which the air heated by the furnace can flow 

through the pipes to the rooms to be heated. 

The location must insure to the greatest possible extent 

that the little force that actuates the flow of air 

will overcome the vagaries of the wind on the outside. 

The wind has an effect through forcing its way 

through the pores of the building material and in 

around the cracks of doors and windows on the windward 

side and it flows out freely through the same 

openings on the other side of the building. 

Consequently, within the building there is a movement 

of air toward the side where it can escape the 

easiest. This, in a large measure, governs the flow 

of air and if the air is taken from the inside of the 

building, this is very largely overcome. So it can be 

readily seen that the location of the furnace is most 

.mportant. It means that it must be so that the pipes 

are shortest and with the sharpest pitch which lead to

AUCUST 6, 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 183 

the rooms most exposed to the wind and weather and 

which naturally will require the most heat. 

A man will naturally cuss some if he has to carry 

the coal around the furnace, but he will cuss more if 

he can't heat the house. A woman may not cuss, but 

she will say other things if she has to come down the 

cellar stairs and walk around the furnace to get to the 

storeroom or some other supplies kept in the cellar. 

But she would be uncomfortable and complain all winter 

if the furnace were so located that it could not 

do its work. 

In this it is implied that everything must be done 

to avoid friction. Too many people do not make their 

furnace bonnets in a way that will let the air flow to 

the best advantage through the pipes, do 

Friction an not connect their pipes so that there is 

Expensive the best possible flow of air from the fur- 

Enemy nace into them to send the warm current 

to the register. Then at the other end 

of the pipe away from the furnace, it must be connected 

with the wall stack or register in such a way 

that the right-angled turn upward is made with the 

least possible friction or resistance. 

A round pipe cannot be attached to the flat side 

of a wall stack and good results expected. There 

must be a transition piece which will enable the air 

to flow from one to the other with greater facility 

than an abrupt turn. 

No labor or expense for a fitting is too great to be 

borne if it will insure the elimination of friction, 

more satisfactory heating and consequently a lesser 

consumption of fuel to do the work. Friction at points 

where air flow through the pipes and through the registers 

is only overcome by forcing the furnace, burning 

coal, wearing the furnace out and yet often interfering 

with the proper heating of the building on 

severely cold days. 

It is the cold day with a high wind which the plant 

must be designed to meet and maintain a comfortable 

temperature in the building. So when you are called 

upon to make an estimate and lay out a plant in the 

summer-time, do not overlook the be- 

Outfit Must low zero blizzard that the furnace 

Heat on will have to offset. If all these 

Coldest Days things are explained to the customer 

with the reasons why the recommendations 

must be granted, he will not complain about 

an expensive coal consumption, or cold house on cold 

days, but rather will be a rooter for your methods of 

installing a furnace heating system. 

Now a word about the furnace. A furnace with an 

ample firepot is essential for on the amount of coal 

burned depends the amount of heat generated and 

which the furnace can transmit to the air passing 

through it for the warming of the 

Use Furnace building. Bv overcoming the loss of 

of Ample heat through the walls and windows 

Capacity and by leakage, a small furnace that 

has to be run hard means high temperature 

for the air. This means excessive dryness and 

is to be avoided. It is better to have a furnace with 

a large firepot so that the fire can be run more economically 

on the slow combustion plan and the fire 

would not need to be replenished so often or require 

such frequent attention. This all counts for the operator 

and should be pointed out. 

A furnace with a large firepot naturally has a large 

casing and has lots of space for air to pass through 

and be warmed in the passing and thus fill all of the 

pipes with warm air. The furnace should be of such 

a construction that the draft will have a long passage 

through the flues in the radiator and down so as to' 

make the heat impinge strongly against the surfaces. 

Such a furnace will expose a large amount of surface 

in the firepot, combustion chamber and the drums or 

radiators through which the gas passes so that the air 

will not be able to go through the furnace without 

coming in contact with a hot surface at some point so 

as to absorb the heat and take it where it is needed. 

Furnaces are made specially adapted for hard coal 

and for soft coal and should be selected in accordance 

with the character of fuel that is to be used. 

Now a word about the effect of the water pan. It 

should be located in the furnace at a point where the 

water is sure to be evaporated and the vapor given 

to the air passing through the furnace. A water pan 

that does not have to be replenished 

Humidity for a week is not a humidifier at all. 

Makes Heating Any furnace installed for a custo- 

Easier mer in a home should certainly be 

provided with an evaporating outfit 

that will be effective. It has been demonstrated that 

at least half a gallon of water for 1,000 cu. ft. of 

space must be evaporated every 24 hr. when the air 

supply is taken from outdoors. When an indoor air 

supply is used, a very much less evaporation will be 

all that is required, because the moisture does not pass 

out of the air when it returns to the furnace, but the 

air simply expands and has capacity for more moisture 

and it carries with it the moisture it requires. 

Now, possibly a word as to the size of the warmair 

pipes or how the size is determined, might be desirable. 

There have been many rules 

Size of Pipes given in a period of years. To recapitulate, 

if 1 sq. in. of warm-air pipe 

area is provided for every 20 cu. ft. of air space in 

first-floor rooms, there is a reasonable certainty that 

the room will be heated on the blizzard zero day. 

Another way of figuring is to provide 1 sq. in. of 

warm-air pipe area for every square foot of glass 

surface or equivalent glass surface, counting 4 sq. ft. 

of wall the equivalent in heat-loosing capacity to 

1 sq. ft. of glass. Then so far as the furnace is 

concerned, if 1 sq. in. of grate area to about 2 sq. 

ft. of equivalent glass surface when inside air is used, 

a correspondingly larger amount of grate surface 

must be provided in proportion to the glass surface 

when outside air is used. 

There is presented in the issue of April 30, pages 

549-551, some interesting proportions of an actual 

working system with inside air supply, which may be 

studied with advantage. 

However, the main point here has been to make 

it clear to the furnaceman that he must hunt for the 

class of business that will enable him to do the best 

he knows because invariably the better 

The Kind the job, the less coal required for the 

of Trade house. If the cost of the installation 

to Seek amounts to something more, the interest 

on the investment will well be repaid in 

the amount of coal saved by the better outfit. In a 

few vears it will be enough to pay the cost of the

184 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCUST 6. 1920 

whole installation, so that a plant of ample capacity 

instead of being expensive is really the most economical 

one to be installed. 

There should be no difficulty on the part of the 

man who is thoroughly qualified to make this perfectly 

clear to his customers and to walk off with 

the orders even when competitors have a look-in and 

quote lower figures. 

American Manufacturers Discuss Fundamentals 

That Bear on the Successful Heating of Homes 

More Furnace Trade Abroad 

Favors Constructions That Eliminate Cause for 

Objections Raised by English Heating Contractor 

A GREAT educational work can be done for the 

benefit of the furnace industry if all qualified 

will give from their experience to show how the 

questions raised by an English heating contractor in 

the issue of July 2 can be satisfied with a full explanation 

of the methods of doing. The trade at 

home will be immensely helped if some effort is expended 

in making first-class constructions and methods 

more widely known. Another contribution to 

that end is given below: 

F. A. NORRIS & Co., 

11-12 St. Andrews Hill, 

Queen Victoria Street, 

London, England. 

GENTLEMEN: 

In your communication of May 27, 1920, which 

appeared in the July 2 issue of METAL WORKER, 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER, you requested the views 

of some manufacturers on the subject of warm-air 

cheating. 

Mass-psychology and precedent you will find interfere 

greatly with real progress and what we must 

do to reach the ideal is to teach individualism to the 

individual so that each of us can think and act for 

ourselves and do something to benefit humanity. 

A number of things we believe enter into the matter 

of hygienic heating, which often are not given 

consideration in this connection. It is particularly 

important to select an apparatus within the financial 

means of a very large percentage of the home owners, 

thereby rendering a service to a great majority of 

the people. 

The absolute elimination of carbon monoxide gas, 

a product of combustion, from the circulation. These 

gases or fire poisons attack the "haemoglobin,'' the 

substance of the half-mature cells in the process of 

forming the new tissues, tliereby re- 

Some of ducing its strength. The result is a 

Things to Be degeneration that eventually leads to 

Considered a "break-down" and many serious 

nervous disorders that soon prove 

fatal. The air must be of uniform temperature night 

and day without noticeable variation and in most 

cases with once a day firing. Irregular temperatures 

are not conducive to good health and it is most 

annoying to make frequent trips to the basement, 

when these trips mean unnecessary fuel consumption. 

The air must be only mildly lieated, as super 

heated air has proven to be as harmful as stagnant 

air. Overheating devitalizes the air the same as 

stagnation. Both produce the same depressing effects, 

greatly lowering our powers of resistance. 

The air should be completely changed in each 

room every 10 or 15 minutes, thereby giving you a 

standard of ventilation which insures that at no time 

will there be more than 6 parts of CO2 to breathe 

to 10,000 parts air. Failure to do so is a failure to 

restore vitality as required. 

The difference in temperature between ceiling and 

floor must be reduced to the minimum and noticeable 

drafts must be avoided as they are dangerous 

to the old, to the young and to the invalid. 

If we could only realize that the lack of pure air 

combined with ventilation is what makes winter the 

doctor's harvest season, it being the period in which 

the dreaded house diseases, such as tuberculosis, 

pneumonia, influenza, grippe, colds, etc., are prevalent, 

such diseases being especially violent where 

some systems of heating are used, then we would recognize 

that the supplying of a certain amount of heat 

units is not the most important thing in a heating 

plant. 

Naturally we all know that we can live three weeks 

without food, but we take care in seeing that it is 

safe-guarded from contamination to the fullest extent. 

We can live three days without water but would not 

consider drinking impure or stagnant 

Importance water. We ean live only 3 minutes 

of Fresh Air without air and scarcely any attention 

is given to its purity during the greater 

half of the year, probably because it cannot be seen. 

The comparison of the outdoor and indoor life will 

convince you that we are stating facts. If you knew 

that 90 per cent, of the so-called preventable diseases 

could be eliminated and that the mortality in the home 

could be lessened 50 per cent, during the winter 

months would then the subject of a proper atmosphere 

in the home be worthy of consideration ? 

Utmost economy in fuel consumption must be kept 

in mind, which means a heater of scientific design, 

without rivets or seams, but with large grate areas, 

ample air passages, positive automatic control, complete 

down draft and use of entire radiating surfaces. 

Warm-air heating plants are being manufactured 

in America that will positively insure above benefits 

that mean so much to the comfort and health of the 



FROM T. R. M., OHIO.—Having seen the inquiry 

of "A. B." in the issue of July 9 and the answer of 

"J. B." in the issue of July 23, I want to follow "J. 

B.'s" example and call the attention to the method of 

heating a bathroom from the range 

Connecting boiler that was recommended in 

Boiler to Heat METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

Bathroom STEAM FITTER a good many years 

ago and which I have tried out with 

satisfaction. The method will be clearly understood 

from the drawing which is reproduced here. It will 

be noted that a galvanized sheet iron jacket with a 

space l 1 /^ in. between it and the boiler all around 

envelopes the boiler. At the bottom a space of about 

6 in. below the bottom of the boiler is provided, the 

rr o o rt Return 

Air 

AA//A///AAAAA///////////AAAAAAA/7 

CONNECTING BOILER TO HEAT BATHROOM 

shell being cut to go over the pipes and the bottom 

being made with openings to suit the boiler stand and 

to enclose the bottom of the boiler as near tight as 

possible. From the top of this shell a 6-in. pipe is 

carried to an 8-in. round register in the bathroom 

floor. Then along side of it is another 8-in. round 

register with a 6-in. pipe leading from this to the 

bottom of the shell around the boiler so that the cold 

air from the bathroom can drop down this pipe, come 

in contact with the boiler and be heated and discharged 

through the 6-in. opening. A 6-in. opening 

will heat the bathroom very nicely under these circumstances. 

I assume that here is a boiler 5 ft. in 

height and 12 in. in diameter at least. This will provide 

about 17 sq. ft. of heating surface for the air to 

come in contact with in passing between the shell and 

the boiler and then the shell will get reasonably warm 

so that it will help somewhat in the heating. Here 

then is something over 17 sq. ft. of heating surface 

and the 6-in. round pipe has an area of 28 sq. ft., so 

that the inlet and outlet area has a proportion of a 

little over l 1 /^ sq. in. to the square foot of surface 

exposed and this is not a bad proportion when the air 

is taken from out-of-doors at zero and used in connection 

with an indirect hot-water radiator. I simply 

bring attention to this so that "A. B." can see that 

the bathroom can be heated in the winter-time with 

the range boiler in the kitchen, where it belongs, and 

without the bathroom uncomfortable in the summer 

season because both registers can be shut or tight 

dampers can be placed in the pipe. Like "A. B.," I 

am waiting for other fellows to tell their methods of 

accomplishing the results desired by "A. B.'s" 

customer. 

FROM H. J., ROUND LAKE, III.—A rather unusual 

question is asked by "J. W. & S.," Glencoc Ontario, 

in the issue of June 25. In ordinary household use 

it is unusual to have a stove reservoir 

Stove sweat, and the only time when this i.s 

Reservoir liable to happen is when all the water is 

Sweats taken out and the tank refilled with cold 

water, or when a fresh fire is started and 

the water is cold. Sometimes a reservoir will sweat 

on a cold night when the flap check damper in the 

stove pipe has been left open, and the draft has cooled 

the water down below the usual temperature. 

When a water supply is exceptionally cold, it is 

often customary to preheat it by means of some piping 

arrangement in the back of the stove. If this is 

done, a sheet of heavy asbestos paper should be used 

to cover the pipes so as to absorb the condensation. 

and it should be wrapped tight and fastened with 

heavy twine, spaced y2 in. apart, as a wire would rust 

unless it were enameled copper. 

It seems strange that such things should happen 

on the Fourth of July, and- confidentially, just between 

us, it is quite possible that the reservoir may 

leak. 

I don't want to hurt anybody's feelings, but if all 

would study cause and effect more, the reason and 

remedy for many troubles could be easily discarded. 

Most men are up against a wall when something don't 

work, instead of thinking this effect is produced by 

some cause. What is it? How can I locate it? They 

would then go over the job and note the material and 

conditions and soon master the problem.

186 METAL WORKER, P LU M BE R AN D STE A M FI TT ER AUGUST 6, 1920 


The Pay Envelope 

A N absolutely square deal insures complete sat 

isfaction with the pay envelope. One of the 

presidential candidates has said that he has 

viewed the contents of the pay envelope from the 

point of the earner as well as the employer and also 

added: "I wish the higher wages continue on the con 

dition that the wage earner shall give full return for 

the wage received." 

It is very clear that the wage earner in best stand 

ing does not receive his entire pay in the envelope. 

In many instances those who provide the money to 

pay the men neither see the envelope nor know the 

men. But there are plenty of other instances when 

the man counting out the money to put in the en 

velopes knows every man and the work which he does 

To watch his face while the process is going on will 

be to discover frown in some instances, perplexity in 

others and good sound satisfaction in others. If the 

amount placed in the envelope could be seen, it would 

be noted that it was practically the same in each in 

stance. Then why the difference in the feeling re 

flected on the countenance? Can it be that in one 

instance the man was a shirk, in another that he was 

indifferent and in the third that the man was taking 

as much interest in the business as if he owned it 

himself. 

In the fields in which our efforts are engaged the 

man who fills the pay envelope is very apt to have a 

personal acquaintance with every man who receives 

one and that in too many instances the commendation 

that the loyal worker is entitled to is neglected is a 

matter of fact. On the other hand, there are a host 

of men receiving their pay who are indifferent to the 

feelings of those who pass the money along. That is 

a condition which can best be changed by a loyal 

service of the worker, not to his employer, but to the 

final purchaser of his labor. Some of the pay a 

worker gets is consideration in slack times, of having 

the best work given him, in saving him from the la 

borious work in a manifestation of respect, in his 

recommendation to customers and in favors whenever 

they can be shown, all of wliich amounts to something 

both in cash and comfort to the soul of that noblest 

work of God—the honest man. Such wage earners 

seldom go astray in the pains they take to maintain 

their honor by giving an honest day's work for a day's 

pay. 

Collections 

FROM concerns which are somewhat careful in the 

extension of credit, the reports are that the money 

is coming in from the trade quite satisfactorily. 

This is encouragement that the average tradesman is 

also getting an early settlement from his customers. 

That is as it should be. Too many neglect to send 

the bill to the customer as soon as the work is done. 

Those whose books are not up-to-date and whose bills 

have not been sent out should use some of these long 

evenings to see that all charges are carefully made and 

everything is in readiness to send the customer a bill 

for work that has been done. Then they should see 

to it that it is paid with reasonable promptness. 

The volume of business some men are doing will not 

permit them to give a customer an unlimited time in 

which to pay. They need their money so as to keep 

turning it over, and this fall with the railroad ship 

ments delayed, the goods in various lines scarce, it is 

an assured fact that the man who pays promptly will 

receive preference in the consideration for his order, 

and the man who has not paid will find it difficult to 

get the goods he needs. There is one, and only one 

recommendation—that is, to collect up and pay up. 

Factory Inspection 

T H E R E has been need for great vigilance on the 

part of all who have inspected the work done in 

many factories. It has had a beneficial effect in 

the many places which have employed those who have 

less skill than would be desired for the work. Never 

theless, the critical inspection has had a great deal to 

do with training these people to do their work cor 

rectly and also this vigilance has prevented the usual 

percentage of defects to be discovered by the cus 

tomer. They are rather discovered in the factory and 

made good so that shipment in many instances brings 

nothing which causes annoyance to the buyer. 

Too little attention is paid to this fact and to the 

fact that whatever a man spends his money for at 

the present time, he gets a big value for it. 

Those who complain about prices, should have 

brought to their attention the material, the finish and 

the mechanical design of what is used. Seldom has 

there been any better product in proportion to the 

period than is now available and being widely used.

AUCUST 6, 1920 METALWORKER, PLUMBER AND STE AM FITTER 187 

When'New York's Transportation Facilitie 

Were Blocked 

Transportation Discrimination Met by Vigorous Action 

THROUGHOUT the United States there will be 

interest in a little history of what has been transpiring 

with transportation facilities in New York 

and how some loyal citizens went to work to protect 

the public from the course being pursued by some 

misguided citizens who made trouble. 

of Citizen's Committee 

"The Perils of the Port and the People's Defense" 

is the title of a little pamphlet issued by the Citizens' 

Transportation Committee 233 Broadway, New York 

City, from which the following is taken: 

Earlv in May the city was suffering acutely from a 

collapse of transportation facilities, due largely to 

labor difficulties, so that an informal committee was 

organized including the presidents of some large city 

organizations to deal with the situa- 

Discrimination tion. It took up its work of inves- 

Shoicn tigation without opposition to any 

class or group with the determination 

to furnish the people of New York with such 

transportation service as the different agencies of 

employers and employees refused or failed to furnish. 

The Transportation Trade Council of the Port of 

New York, with a membership of a little over 100,- 

000, adopted resolutions not to transport any nonunion 

merchandise and not to serve any connecting 

transportation facilities unless manned by union men 

exclusively. Transportation facilities instead of serving 

the public impartially, were being turned into 

instruments of class aggression. 

In a case before the New York Supreme Court the 

conclusion contained the following: This seems to be 

a combination to gain control over transportation and 

to blockade the channels of trade against all nonunion 

merchandise and against concerns which do not 

make union contracts. Such a combination to exclude 

open-shop merchandise from the channels of trade 

and commerce and the markets of the nation is a 

conspiracy against public welfare and deprives the 

public of their sovereign rights of choice to purchase 

such goods as they want because by artificial methods 

it keeps such goods out of the market. 

It does not lie with union leaders to lay down the 

proposition that the last word in deciding what merchandise 

shall or shall not be transported should rest 

exclusively in them. While it is indisputable that a 

man may enter any vocation that he chooses yet if he 

sees fit to select a field indissolubly linked with the 

rights of the public such as that of a common carrier 

he must defer his own rights to that of public welfare 

and must at all times stand ready and willing to assume 

all of the exacting duties which he knows are 

due to the public. When he enters the public service 

he impliedly acquiesces in assuming all of these obli 

gations. He must either get out of the transportation 

business or serve all people alike. 

This was part of the opinion of Justice Fawcett in 

a case tried before him. To meet the crisis the Citizens' 

Transportation Committee was formed to take 

up the work of defense. It held public meetings, developed 

public opinion, passed resolutions, 

Definite raised money, conducted independent ship- 

Action ping operations and established the funda- 

Taken mental principles in a lawsuit. At one of 

the meetings it was stated: We are going 

to do the job ourselves and do it thoroughly. Anyone 

here who is not in the frame of mind where he will be 

prepared to do his full duty and who cannot be 

counted upon for loyalty and determination had best 

quietly and promptly leave this meeting. Men of 

business, we are trustees for the people of this great 

city and there is obligation whicli rests on each and 

every one of us to help protect those many thousands 

of our citizens who, less fortunate than ourselves, are 

unable to defend themselves. 

Among the accomplishments that are grouped under 

three headings is the statement that public opinion 

has been aroused to the danger of permitting any 

class to dominate and control transportation facilities 

for selfish class purposes. Another statement is that 

the moral effect of the courageous example of those 

employed by the Citizens' Trucking Co. in serving 

steamships here where pickets were stationed, has resulted 

in other trucking establishments following this 

lead and performing a service which they formerly 

were afraid to perform, while the ruling from the 

Supreme Court of the State of New York to the effect 

that common carriers and their employees have 

no right to discriminate against non-union merchandise 

or merchandise delivered to them by non-union truckmen 

has given legal endorsement. 

The pamphlet states that subscriptions for the 

work are needed and that a large reserve underwriting 

is essential to the work of defense. It has sent the 

following letter to different manufacturers, jobbers 

and others interested in the matter to secure the 

needed funds for further work for the protection of 

the interests of the citizen: 

CNDER WHITING AGREEMENT WITH CITIZENS' TRANSPORTATION 

COMMITTEE 

Whereas, Certain combinations existing in this community 

are attempting, by unfair discrimination, to deprive the 

public of adequate transportation facilities and the distribution 

of foodstuffs, material and merchandise is thereby 

impeded; and 

Whereas, The merchants of New York assembled in convention 

on May 5, 1020, resolved that a committee be ap- 

"•>inted with authority to establish independent trucking 

facilities and to provide for adequate police protection and 


188 METALWORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCUST 6. 1920 

Interest of the Public in Strikes 

Over 1600 Commercial and Trade Organizations Vote 

T H E R E was presented on page 155 of the issue of 

July 30 an announcement that the Chamber of 

Commerce of the United States had sent out a 

referendum vote on twelve principles of industrial re 

lation. There has just been received from the Cham 

ber the report of the special committee to the board 

showing how the vote came in on the twelve different 

items and they are given as follows: 

1. Every person possesses the right to engage in any lawful 

business or occupation and to enter, individually or collectively, 

into any lawful contract of employment, "either as 

employer or employee. These rights are subject to limitation 

only through a valid exercise of public authority. The 

vote was, in favor, 1,675; opposed, 2. 

in Favor of a Strike Prohibition Law 

-2. The right of open-shop operation, that is, the right of 

employer and employee to enter into and determine the conditions 

of employment relations with each other, is an essential 

part of the individual right of contract possessed by 

each of the parties. The vote was, in favor, 1,665; opposed, 4. 

3. All men possess the equal right to associate voluntarily 

for the accomplishment of lawful purposes by lawful means. 

The association of men, whether of employers, employees or 

others, for collective action or dealing, confers no authority 

over, and must not deny any right of, those who do not desire 

to act or deal with them. The vote was, in favor, 1,677; 

opposed, 4. 

4. The public welfare, the protection of the individual, 

and sound employment relations require that associations or 

combinations of employers or employees, or both, must 

equally be subject to the authority of the State and legally 

responsible to others for their conduct and that of their 

agents. The vote was, in favor, 1,671; opposed 4. 

5. To develop, with due regard for the health, safety and 

well-being of the individual, the required output of industry 

is the common social obligation of all engaged therein. The 

restriction of productive effort or of output by either employer 

or employee for the purpose of creating' an artificial 

scarcity of the product or of labor is an injury to society. 

The vote was, in favor, 1,675; opposed, 3. 

6. The wage of labor must come out of the product of industry 

and must be earned and measured by its contribution 

thereto. In order that-the worker, in his own and the general 

interest, may develop his full productive capacity, and 

may thereby earn at least a wage sufficient to sustain him 

upon a proper standard of living, it is the duty of management 

to co-operate with him to secure continuous employment 

suited to his abilities, to furnish incentive and opportunity 

for improvement, to provide proper safeguards for 

his health and safety and to encourage him in all practicable 

and reasonable ways to increase the value of his,productive 

effort. The vote was, in favor, 1,679; opposed, 2. 

7. Thc number of hours in the work day or week in which 

tin- maximum output, consistent with the health and wellbeing 

of the individual, can be maintained in a given industry 

should be ascertained by careful study and never should 

be exceeded except in case of emergency, and one day rest 

in seven, or its equivalent, should be provided. The reduction 

in working hours below such economic limit, in order to 

secure greater leisure for the individual, should be made 

only with full understanding and acceptance of the fact that 

it involves a commensurate loss in the earning power of the 

workers, a limitation and a shortage of the output of the 

industry and an increase in the cost of the product, with all 

the necessary effect of these things upon the interests of the 

community and the nation. The vote was, in favor, 1,677; 

opposed, 3. 

8. Adequate means satisfactory both to the employer and 

his employees, and voluntarily agreed to by them, should be 

provided for the discussion and adjustment of employment 

relations and the just and prompt settlement of all disputes 

that arise in the course of industrial operation. The vote 

was, in favor, 1,668; opposed, 8. 

9. When, in the establishment or adjustment of employment 

relations, the employer and his employees do not deal 

individually, but by mutual consent, such dealing ls conducted 

by either party through representatives, it is proper 

for the other party to ask that these representatives shall 

not be chosen or controlled by, or in such dealing in any 

degree represent, any outside group or interest in the questions 

at issue. In favor, 1,568; opposed, 54. 

10. The greatest measure of reward and well-being for 

both employer and employee and the full social value of 

their service must be sought in the successful conduct and 

full development of the particular industrial establishment 

in which they are associated. Intelligent and practical cooperation 

based upon a mutual recognition of this community 

of interest constitutes the true basis of sound industrial 

relations. The vote was, in favor, 1,664; opposed, 2. 

11. The State is sovereign and cannot tolerate a divided 

allegiance on the part of its servants. While the right of 

government employees, national, state or municipal, to be 

heard and to secure consideration and just treatment must 

be amply safeguarded, the community welfare demands that 

no combination to prevent or impair the operation of government 

or of any government function shall be permitted. 

The vote was, in favor, 1,663; opposed, 4. 

12. In public service activities the public interest and 

well-being must be the paramount and controlling consideration. 

The power of regulation and protection exercised by 

the State over the corporation should properly extend to the 

employees in so far as may be necessary to assure the adequate 

continuous and unimpaired operation of public utility 

service. The vote was, in favor, 1,649; opposed, 18. 

The referendum on public utilities employment car 

ried the Veconinieiidatioiis of the Chamber's committee 

on public utilities. These were two in number and 

are given as follows with the vote on each: 

The committee recommends that strikes by employees of 

all public service corporations performing publie service essential 

to the lives, health, security, comfort and well-being 

of the people should by law be explicitly prohibited. For, 

1,564; against, 97. 

The committee recommends that suitable tribunals should 

be created by law to adjudicate differences between the employees 

of public service corporations and their employees 

and that the decisions of such tribunals should be final and 

binding upon both parties. For, 1,571; against, 100. 

Thoughts on Life and Business 

Conquer in the battles with yourself and the battle 

of life will become easier. 

Notice that "ideas' starts with I. 

The way to carry a stiff load is to have a stiff upper 

lip. 

Don't be switched. 

Look in and look up. 

Sourness spoils men as well as milk. 

Prosperity stays only with tliose it does not spoil. 

Forbes Magazine (N. Y.)

AUGUST 6, 1920 [ E T A L WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 189 

Technology of Sheet Metal Enameling 

The Bureau of Standards is issuing a general treatise 

dealing with the technology of enameling slieet 

iron and steel. It has been compiled by J. B. Shaw 

in response to the demand for a general treatise dealing 

with the technology of the manufacture of vitreous 

enamels for these metals. 

F_om the standpoint of mechanical equipment, says 

the booklet, the sheet iron and enameling industry has 

been probably, the most progressive of all ceramic industries 

in the United States. The presses and machinery 

used for working the steel and forming the 

shapes are unsurpassed in ingenuity by those used in 

any otlier industry, and are constantly being improved. 

In this respect the sheet metal enameling industry of 

this country has led the world. In the strictly ceramic 

lines of industry having to do with the preparation 

and application of the enamels, progress has been less 

rapid. Up to a few years ago there was very little 

work carried on, and this little was seldom published. 

Recently there has been a decided change in this respect. 

Representatives of the enameling industry have 

been joining the ceramic technical societies, have been 

contributing rather liberally to the journals of these 

organizations and have been showing a decided interest 

in developing the technology of sheet metal enameling. 

The leading manufacturers of the country are realizing 

that the sheet-iron enameling industry has reached 

the limit of development possible so long as it depends 

upon formulas rather than upon men with technical 

training which will enable them to improve and manipulate 

these formulas to meet the varying conditions. 

"In collecting the data for this paper," declares the 

announcement of the Bureau of Standards, "an effort 

has been made to obtain reliable and authentic information 

wherever available and correlate it in such a 

manner as to shed some light on the problems encountered 

by enamelers. The treatise is a compilation 

of data dealing with the subject of enameling from 

various publications from the note book of the author, 

from the files of the Bureau, and from the experience 

of men engaged in the enameling industry in this 

country. 

"Among the subjects dealt with in connection with 

the properties and preparation of steel for enameling 

are physical and chemical requirements, sand blasting 

treatment preliminary to pickling and methods of pickling. 

A chapter is devoted to the properties of the raw 

materials used in compounding enamels. The relations 

between chemical composition and physical properties 

of enamels are discussed fully. The procedure used in 

the preparation, applying and firing enamels are described 

in detail. The calculation of enamel formulas 

is fully explained and examples are given. The physical 

properties of enamels are dealt with in some detail 

and resistance of enamels to chemical action is fully 

discussed." 

The head of every large department of a business 

has repeatedly had the experience of going to his chief 

for direction and advice on some vital matter involving 

large expenditure and of being told: "That's your 

job, not mine." There are two kinds of men who 

never amount to anything—one kind cannot do as they 

are told and the other cannot do anything else. 

THE VENT 

Money Making Ideas 

Ignored 

Because They Are Kept under Cover 

Remove the Wrapper from 

Your Trade Papers 

Get the Habit 

M Y WORK brings me into hundreds 

of plumbing, heating and sheet 

metal contractors' offices. And I 

see piles of trade papers in their 

original wrappers. As dust catchers they 

are great but that isn't their purpose. 

They are the little gold mines that come 

every week or month and the contractors 

subscribe to them because they know it is 

good business and then pass them up for 

some trivial excuse like, "I don't have time 

to read them." 

Several men of my acquaintance who do 

big business set aside a specified time each 

week to look over all the papers that they 

subscribe to. Some clip them and file what 

they think they can use. They are in the 

minority. 

Another has a fine plan. All his trade 

papers are sent to his home where he has 

more time to give them the attention they 

deserve. 

It's a good idea and more could profit 

from it. 

A. V. H.

190 METALWORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCUST 6, 1920 

Suffolk County Trade Outing 

Wonderful Clambake and Big Dinner With Much 

Gaiety and Good Fellowship 

A L L of the delightful affairs of the trades throughout 

the country are beyond the possibilities of 

the staff so when President Fred B. Barker 

sent word that the heating and plumbing contractors 

would hold an outing he was requested to appoint a 

member to serve a.s scribe to report what transpired 

and here is the way the affair looked to Lewis C. Austin 

of Riverhead who rose to the occasion. 

With the Atlantic ocean roaring a cordial welcome 

on one side of the veranda where the diners were 

seated and a placid arm of the Great South Bay 

smiling an equally cordial greeting on the other side 

of the veranda, the annual outing of the Master 

Plumbers, Steam and Hot Water Fitters' Association 

of Suffolk County at Gunning Point, Westhampton, 

on Wednesday, July 28, was ushered in in a way that 

spelled success, and successful it was from every angle. 

In fact, it was called the most successful outing 

this live-wire organization has yet held. 

The day was ideal and everyone seemed to be in the 

best of spirits. Over 100 men and ladies, representing 

all parts of Suffolk County, and a sprinkling of manufacturers 

and salesmen representing big houses in 

distant places attended—and the menu! No one 

there will ever forget that big dinner, served as onlv 

Al. Rose of East Quogue can serve a real Long Island 

menu, with everything fresh from the sea or the nearby 

farms. "Fit for a king" was a tribute that gave 

way to this: "Yes, and fit for a plumber, too." 

Preceding the dinner, former Supervisor Charles H. 

Redfield of Westhampton Beach, also chairman of the 

committee of arrangements, personally presided at a 

real Long Island clambake. That he is a past-master 

of the art as well as a master plumber was the verdict 

of all and was amply proved in the way the five 

bushels of clams dug from the nearby bay disappeared 

when Charlie told the crowd to fall in for rations. 

He built this bake to a scientific nicety, and he proved 

that one doesn't need pipe, tongs, pliers nor any other 

tool of the craft to get the hot clams out of the bake. 

He showed 'era how to turn the trick with two simple 

sticks. Then, in addition, Mr. Redfield, together with 

Fred Barker, tlie popular and genial president of the 

association ; his brother, George, both prominent residents 

of Quogue; and a lot of the other men who are 

large around the waistline, showed how to make those 

clams disappear. That bake was one of the jolly 

parts of the prelude to dinner—an appetizer, as it 

was. 

There are two things that seem certain. Either the 

plumbers have been so busy buying overalls to work 

in that they didn't have time to buy a nifty bathing 

suit, or else a majority of the craft takes to some other 

things in the liquid line better than they take to water, 

for it was observed that only a few thought the ocean 

looked good to them. Tliose few did take a dip, and 

they declared the water wonderful. And when they 

came out they had wonderful appetites. Some went 

twice around everything from lobsters to ice cream, 

and escaped indigestion, so what might have happened 

to the caterer if all hands had taken to the ocean may 

be imagined. 

The members of the big crowd present were nearly 

everyone of them representative citizens in their home 

villages, showing that the plumbing trade has lately 

attracted the best there is in citizenship in the old and 

conservative county of Suffolk. Formal shop talk was 

tabooed ; there were no set speeches; everyone forgot 

their business cares and worries for the dav, and it 

did them a lot of good. They just laid aside their 

overalls and tools and made a picnic day of it, as only 

Long Island people of a warm-hearted turn of mind 

know how. Many old friends met each other for the 

first time in months; many fine reminiscences were 

swapped; and many hints helpful to one another were 

gleaned from the rubbing of minds and exchange of 

ideas. 

Withal, it was a simple outing, exceedingly well 

planned and carried out, but splendidly successful, 

nevertheless, in every-way. In fact, it is hard to see 

how such an affair could have been improved on. 

Wisconsin Plumbers' Examinations 

The plumbers of Wisconsin are receiving the following 

letter under date of July 27 from State Health 

Officer C. A. Harper, Madison, Wis., in reference to 

examinations: 

This is to notify you to appear for examination at 8 a. m. 

on August 5, at either Janesville, Milwaukee or Superior. 

The examination at Janesville will be held in the High 

School, which is one block south of the Grand Hotel. 

The examination at Milwaukee will be held at the School 

of Trades, Plumbing Department, 331 Virginia Street. 

The examination at Superior will be held at the Blaine 

School, Fourteenth Street and Hughitt Avenue. 

Do not fail to advise this board by return mail, using the 

enclosed postal, in whieh city you will appear for examination, 

or if for any valid reason you are unable to come. 

It is necessary that those now' holding temporary permits 

bring these with them, as the permits are collected before 

the examination begins. 

All candidates, both master and journeymen, MUST provide 

themselves with plumber's furnace, solder pot, wiping 

solder and the necessary tools for preparing and wiping 

joints and tools for bending 1%-in. lead pipe. Gasoline, 

lead pipe, brass ferrules, paper, pencils, rules and erasers 

will be furnished by the board, but nothing else. 

We suggest a very careful study of the provisions of the 

State Plumbing Code, as familiarity with the same will be 

of great help to you in the examination. 

Kindly bring this letter with you as your notice to appear 

for examination. 

St. Louis Plumbers Step Out 

Master plumbers in St. Louis have been notified to 

have no dates for Aug. 1_, when the association will 

have its outing. Normandy Grove is the place and 

S. A. Kiernan, chairman of the entertainment committee, 

is hard at work planning a good time for all.

AUCUST 6, 1920 METALWORKER, PLUMBERANDSTEAMFITTER 191 

News of the 


Pig Iron Association Expects to See 

Higher Prices 

The consensus of opinion at the annual mid-summer 

meeting of the American Pig Iron Association in July, 

in Youngstown, Ohio, was that the price of pig iron 

is likely to go higher, rather than to recede. This is 

attributed to the high price of coke, the impending 

freight rate advance and sustained heavy demand for 

iron. It is cited that a ton of blast furnace coke is 

now selling in the spot market for more than a ton 

of iron brought several years ago. It requires fully 

a ton of coke to produce a ton of pig iron. 

This was the first gathering of the association ever 

held in Youngstown, and was a tribute to its chairman 

and first president, Joseph G. Butler, Jr., veteran 

manufacturer of the Mahoning Valley. The organization 

has about 100 merchant pig iron producers 

in its membership. It is the successor of the Bessemer 

Pig Iron Association. Mr. Butler was identified 

with both organizations for a period of 40 years. 

He was president of the Bessemer Pig Iron Association 

at the time it went out of existence and has 

been chairman of the American Pig Iron Association 

for 20 years. 

Members were guests of the A. M. Byers Co., 

Pittsburgh, at the Youngstown gatherings. Following 

luncheon and business sessions at the Youngstown 

Country Club, members enjoyed golf. 

Those attending were Joseph G. Butler, chairman; 

T. W. Friend, president of the Clinton Iron & Steel 

Co.; Pittsburgh, president; John A. Penton, Cleveland, 

secretary; S. K. Hine, L. M. Johnson and 

Thomas Pritchard, representing the A. M. Byers Co.; 

Fayette Brown, Stewart Iron Co., Ltd., Cleveland; 

Stanley Meacham, Rogers, Brown Co., Cincinnati; 

C. B. Ferree, E. W. Mudge & Co., Pittsburgh; David 

D. Croxton, Otis Steel Co., Cleveland; Harwood Wilson, 

Rogers, Brown Co., Buffalo; R. S. Fox, Cleveland-Cliffs 

Iron Co., Cleveland; W. B. Topping, Republic 

Iron & Steel Co., Youngstown; W. F. Gruss 

and Jay McLauchlan, Pickands, Mather & Co., Cleveland; 

Seymour Wheeler and Leslie Wheeler, Pickands, 

Brown & Co., Chicago; B. S. Stephenson, M. A. Hanna 

& Co.; W. A. Thomas, Brier Hill Steel Co., 

Youngstown, and C. H. Emerick, Punxsutawney, Pa. 

Chicago Plumbers' Outing Plans 

August 12 is the day when the master plumbers of 

Chicago will set sail on the steamship Florida for an 

all-day outing. The boat will leave at 9.45 and the 

fun will begin at once. On arrival at Michigan City 

games, athletics and swimming will be in order. E. 

C. Wagner is developing an entertainment program 

and has for his assistants Frank Dillenbury, Robert 

Murphy, Chas. A. Drier, George Kearney, L. Nelson, 

Paul Jacoby, William Gaura, L. Christiansen, A. W. 

Bahn, Fred Groesch, William Arnold, Robert Hilton, 

W. Blyth, Peter Feltman, C. W. Alcock, F. Seip, C. 

D. Harris, D. J. Berry, F. E. Pearson, J. J. Cahill, 

George Schey and George Leabody 

It is expected that the party will return to Chicago 

by 7.00 p. m. 

Seattle Chapter Engineers 

Members of Heating Engineers' Society of Western 

Coast Urged to Organize 

There are a number of members of The American 

Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers on the 

Pacific Coast and those who are in Seattle at the 

present time include some who have been niembers of 

some of the Eastern chapters. These men feel the 

desirability of meeting with their fellows for discussing 

matters of common interest. 

Some who have gone from the east recently have 

carried the cordial urge to induce the men in Seattle 

to form a chapter of the society at that point. The 

report is that some of the best and most advanced 

work in the heating and ventilating line that is being 

done in the LTnited States is in that territory and that 

the men can well afford to discuss their work and give 

such description of it as will make most interesting 

papers for the annual meeting of the Society. 

Spirit of Labor Improves 

The following are some of the responses to the Industrial 

Bureau of the Merchants' Association of New 

York City to inquiry about the general situation in 

reference to production: 

"We have noticed a decided improvement in the 

frame of mind of our labor in the past few weeks. 

Exactly how this will develop we cannot state at the 

moment." 

"I believe I can sense a sentiment among the men 

which I am in hopes will lead to a greater production." 

"Our works superintendents have the feeling that 

there is a better spirit of loyalty and attention to 

work in our plants at the present time than existed 

some months ago. At one of the works the superintendent 

reports that the improvement is noticeable. 

We have not, however, figured any improvement in 

output in per cent., but we are inclined to hope our 

works employees are beginning to feel less restless 

and more disposed to look upon regularity of work 

and reasonable efficiency as something which should 

have their consideration." 

"We have not got available figures at hand on the 

subject, but estimate that labor is about 75 per cent. 

efficient at the present time, with conditions gradually 

improving." 

Nu-Dura-Tin Rattlings 

A roofer in old Manayunk 

Said this talk of good tin is all bunk! 

An owner came in, 

Wanted "Nu-Dura-Tin"; 

And left in one h—1 of a funk ! 

R. M. & H. E. Bulletin.

192 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCUST 6. 1920 




W. E. MANNING, general sales manager of the 

Youngtown Sheet & Tube Co., has been elected 

president of the board of trustees governing the 

Y. M. C. A. at Youngstown, Ohio. 

IN POINTING OUT ONE of the ways in whicli natural 

R. C. TRIG, formerlv with the Berger Mfg. Co., Can gas which is failing in the Kansas district, is wastton, 

Ohio, has associated himself with the National ed tlie Empire Gas & Fuel Pipeline Co., Ottawa, 

Pressed Steel Co., Massillon, Ohio, as chief engi Kan., calls attention to a method of heating the 

neer of the sales promotion department. He has water for a bath in an enameled iron tub. On the 

been intimately associated with the development of tile floor of a bathroom under the tub is placed a 

steel lumber sections since they were first intro %-in. pipe perforated so that the flame plays on 

duced to the building industry in 1905. 

tlie bottom of the tub. It was only necessary to 

run water in the tub, there being no hot water 

CHARLES T. BYRNE, past-secretary of the National Association 

of Master Plumbers, 25 East Jackson 

faucet, and to start the gas burner going and in due 

season the water in the tub would be warm enough 

Boulevard, Chicago, 111., in a letter states: "I am 

getting ready for a trip to Europe and leave Chi 

for the bath. The pipe was not placed close enough 

cago August 2 and sail from New York August 5." 

to the tub so that the heat would be most effective 

Bon voyage Mr. Byrne. 

and certainly was a very wasteful way of warming 

the water for the bath. 


COLEMAN SANITARY SPECIALTIES for homes, hotels, 

hospitals and other large buildings are shown and 

explained in a new catalog in colors issued by 

Allan J. Coleman, 208 North Wabash Avenue, 

Chicago, 111. Pumps for removing obstructions 

in plumbing fixtures, closet cleaners of flexible coil 

wire, sewer augers and rods, Coleman's chemical 

compound pipe opener, brushes of various shapes, 

window cleaners, tank and fuller balls, gaskets, 

washers and tank balls are fully covered. Six reasons 

are given why Coleman specialties please. 

the last of which being "there is quality in all and 

a profit in all for you." The company invites investigation 

of its lines. 

Tin: MILWAUKEE CIRCULATING PUMP CO., Milwaukee. 

Wis., has been incorporated at $100,000 to manufacture 

and deal in circulating water and oil pumps 

and other similar equipment. The prime mover in 

the enterprise is Gothard G. Hein, 5511/0 Wentworth 

Avenue. 

THE WALKER & PRATT CO., 33 Union Street, Boston, 

Mass, manufacturer of boilers for liouse heating, 

stoves, etc., with plant at Watertown, Mass., is 

having plans prepared for a one-story foundry at 

tin- Watertown works, 200 x 230 ft. Lockwood, 

Greene & Co., 60 Federal Street, are architects and 

engineers. 

THE MAISANO AUTOMATIC FLUSHING VALVE & NOVEL 

TY Co., Wilmington, Del., has been incorporated at 

•+100.000 by Ignatius Maisano, Guy and Frederick 

Piunto, all of Wilmington, to manufacture valves 

.ind other metal products. 

THE NATIONAL CHEMICAL CO. will erect a plant in 

San Antonio, Tex., for the manufacture of sanitary 

and chemical appliances. F. M. Robinson, Jr., manager 

of the company, has charge of the project. 

THE LIBBY WELDING CO., 113 Frelinghuysen Avenue, 

Newark, N. J., has been incorporated at $50,000 by 

Clifford S. Libby, Louis K. Schwarz and Frank 

P. Russell, to manufacture welding equipment and 

other mechanical apparatus. 

THE HOPPES MFG. CO., Springfield, Ohio, manufacturer 

of heaters and steam specialties, is contemplating 

the erection of an extension. 

FOR THE HEATING AND PLUMBING TRADE handling 

power plant and large building installations the 

three booklets issued by the Wright-Austin Co., 

Detroit, Mich., dealing with its steam and air traps, 

oil and steam separators, strainers, safety alarms, 

boiler water columns, Murray automatic boiler feed 

regulators and Murray automatic pump governors, 

should have more than passing interest since the 

principle and construction of these products is described 

in detail. 

New Boiler Heater Manufacturing Plant 

The new modern plant of the Bastian-Morley Co., 

at Hampton Street and Hillingdon Avenue, Toronto, 

Canada, is fast nearing completion. The machinery 

is now being set in place and heavy production is expected 

within the next few weeks/ and thorough distribution 

connection throughout the Dominion is rapidly 

being organized. 

Tliis new establishment is to be executively manned 

by L. A. Havesly, Laporte, Ind., office manager; R. 

Ernest Young, Toronto, sales manager; J. M. Godfrey 

and Brigadier-General Gunn, directors. F. W. 

Birtch, engineer in charge of experimental work at 

tlie company's main plant at Laporte, Ind., is superintending 

the installation of the equipment and 

O. A. Ludlow, secretary and treasurer "of the parent 

company, is also on the job looking after the details 

of the new organization. 

This new plant will be one of the most modern and 

complete in Canada and a full line of combination 

range boilers and gas water heaters, including the 

B-M Superior, Marvel and Royal Automatic will be 

manufactured for the Canadian trade.


SHEET METAL AND FURNACE IN 

DUSTRY 

THE W. B. BERTELS & SON CO., 421 North Pennsylvania 

Avenue, Wilkes-Barre, Pa., manufacturer 

of tin specialties, stamped wares, etc., has awarded 

a contract to Herman Mallander, 167 Barney 

Street, for a two-story plant addition, 70 x 75 ft., 

to cost about $25,000." 

THE NATIONAL ENAMELING & STAMPING, 1901 Light 

Street, Baltimore, Md., will build a three-story 

plant addition. William H. Matthai is manager. 

THE H. W. JOHNS-MANVILLE Co., manufacturer of 

roofings, packings, electrical goods, insulating materials, 

etc., Milwaukee, has commenced the construction 

of the first unit of a plant at Waukegan, 

111., comprising five buildings, each 250 x 1,000 ft., 

to be followed by a unit of the same proportions. 

THE KEYSTONE SHEET METAL WORKS, INC., Newark, 

N. J., have been incorporated at $10,000 by Samuel 

Kibbel and Paul Kalin to manufacture sheet 

metal specialties of various kinds. 

THE APOLLO STEEL Co.. Apollo, Pa., is planning for 

the early occupancy of the new addition now in 

course of construction, consisting of three one-story 

structures, 185 x 350 ft., to be used in general steel 

working; 78x412 ft., to be equipped for annealing, 

and 44 x 74 ft., to be used for general works 

service. The additions, with machinery, are esti 

mated to cost about $1,000,000. 

THE E. W. BLISS CO., Brooklyn, N. Y., manufacturer 

of presses, dies, sheet metal working machinery, 

etc., has closed negotiations for the purchase of substantially 

the entire plants and equipment of the 

Cleveland Machine & Mfg. Co., Cleveland, and the 

Buckeye Engine Co., Salem, Ohio. The first operates 

a plant on Hamilton Avenue for the manufacture 

of power presses and other similar machinery 

to that produced by the Bliss company; the Buckeye 

company specializes in the manufacture of steam 

and gas engines. It is proposed to issue 300,000 

shares of common stock without par value, as well 

as 30,000 shares of first preferred stock, par $50, 

and 40,000 shares of second preferred, same par 

value, with addition of certain special stock to allow 

for an additional fund of $500,000. This 

amount will be used for an immediate partial payment 

for the plans noted. James W. Lane is 

president. 

A NEW EDITION OF TIN, Sheet Iron and Copper Plate 

Worker is announced by Henry Cary Baird & Co., 

Inc., New York City. It consists of 334 pages with 

207 figures and illustrations and includes a wellarranged 

index. The price of the book is $3 per 

copy. It is stated that the work is thoroughly revised. 

The contents are divided under the heads 

of: Rules for Describing Patterns, Practical Geometry. 

Mensuration of Surfaces. Tables of Weight, 

Practical Recipes, Lacquers, Varnishes, Cement, 

Alloys, Strength of Materials and a supplementary 

section of 50 pages dealing with more advanced 

pattern problems. 

THE HART & COOLEY CO., INC., New Britain, 

Conn., has gotten out a wall hanger, entitled, "Soaring 

Still Higher Above All Others," which very 

clearly illustrates its modern line of registers, ventilators 

and base plates. This should prove a very 

valuable selling aid to sheet metal and furnacemen 

and can be had upon request. 

New Maker of New Skylights 

The sheet metal trade are receiving the following 

announcement from the Bologh Skylight & Gravity 

Ventilator Corp., 494 Hudson Street, New York City, 

signed by President Bologh, who is the inventor and 

patentee of the skylight shown in METAL WORKER, 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER of April 23, 1920: 

This corporation is engaged in the manufacture and 

erection of skylights, especially appropriate for installation 

over theatre stages, and is'the only authorized body to 

manufacture the Bologh skylight, Philip Bologh, patentee. 

As you are frequently invited to submit bids upon 

theatre stage skylights, we consider it would be to our 

mutual advantage if you would permit us to co-operate 

with you in all such instances, because we make the only 

skylight that measures up fully to the requirements of the 

various insurance and city departments having jurisdiction 

over their construction and erection, and our skylight has 

tbeir approval. Furthermore, we are in no way competing 

witb the trade in any of its branches outside of the skylight 

field, and positively guarantee protection to the trade. 

Wc would be pleased to consult with you on any plans 

you may have, or you may be called to figure on in the futo 

the end that your bid may prove attractive. 

We desire to emphasize the fact that we guarantee trade 

protection and are not to be considered competitors in the 

roofing and sheet metal trade. 

Is It In The Estimate 


methods, as they usually spell loss if not disaster. A 

certain amount of work done per day with a crew 

operating at a certain expense per day never means 

that the division of that daily cost by that daily output 

is the unit cost of the item in question. Tliere are 

delays and other things which so affect this price 

tliat it may be over 100 per cent out from the actual 

cost when all tilings are taken into consideration. 

Good Service Receives Commendation 

Readers prefer the publications which they know 

have the attention of the successful men in their line 

and it is our purpose to give some of the letters which 

come in bearing evidence that our publication is 

worthy of the support of the men in the field. The 

following letter is pertinent: 

W. H. MOORE 

Contracting and Engineering, 

Plunibing, Heating, Metal Work, Tiling, 

268 West Ridgewood Avenue, 

Ridgewood, X. J. 

July 28, 1920. 



Xew York City. 

Gentlemen: 

With reference to your letter of July 26, I will be pleased 

to give you my experience and observation in regard to 

progressive plumbers and other matters just as soon as the 

present volume of business decreases to such an extent that 

I will be enabled to devote a portion of my time to same. 

1 appreciate tin- work that METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

STEAM FITTER has been doing for the craft at large and it 

will be as little as anyone could do to aid you in every way 

possible. 

Yours verv truly. 

(Signed) W. H. MOORE.

194 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER ALICUST 6, 1920 

The Origin of the Semi-Centenarian 

Josiah Bacon started in the iron and steel business 

on Fulton Street, Boston, Mass., in 1869. In 1870 

John G. Brown, who was traveling for Gay Manson 

& Co., became associated with him. They continued 

business for about 7 years when Mr. Brown bought 

out Mr. Bacon and continued the business alone for a 

short time, after which Manley McClure, who was 

in the iron and steel business, became associated with 

Mr. Brown under the firm name of Brown, McClure 

& Co. 

This partnership continued in business until 1890 

when William Q. Wales, who was in the sheet metal 

business, became associated with Brown, McClure & 

Co., under the firm name of Brown, McClure & Wales, 

and continued business for about 2 years when Mr. 

McClure was forced to retire on account of poor 

health, after wliich the name was changed to Brown 

& Wales. This partnership continued until 1903 at 

whicli time they incorporated under the name of 

Brown-Wales Co. In 1908 John G. Brown, who was 

then president of the firm of Brown-Wales Co., 

passed away. Since that time the business has been 

conducted under practically the same management. 

The present officers are: President, William Q. 

Wales; assistant treasurer. Quincv W. Wales; secretary, 

William H. Shurtleff. 



occupants of the home and there undoubtedly is going 

to be a great world movement in this direction. There 

is no reason why we cannot have as healthful an atmosphere 

in the winter as on an ideal day in June 

if the proper warm air equipment is installed. Pure 

air with ventilation cannot be ignored if you do not 

expect to have vitiated air in the home and this will 

eliminate all plants from residence heating, including 

direct systems if they do not make provision to supply 

these essentials to longevity. 

Lnder separate cover you will receive a copy of a 

booklet, "The Science of House Heating," which explains 

fully the necessity of a much more modern 

method of lieating. 

In conclusion, we want to join you in a united 

effort for improved hygienic conditions which means 

better health and increased happiness in the home. 

Very truly yours, 

THE FARQUHAR FURNACE CO., 

R. B. Mon fort, 

Secretary and General Manager. 

Majestic Company Entertains Furnacemen 

T. E. B. Tells of Best Aid to Tradesmen 

Taking care of the neighbors who sell the Majestic 

line of furnaces, duplex registers, coal chutes and mail 

boxes was the pleasant occupation of the Majestic Co., 

Huntington, Ind., on Tuesday, when 90 dealers of the 

It is a pleasure to reiterate the statement that has 

city and adjacent territory were guests. The program 

often been made in these columns that the readers are 

included a trip tlirougli the plant and a list of enter 

leaders and the lenders are readers. Through the 

tainments with addresses on furnaces, installation, 

courtesy of H. E. Jones of the National Trade Ex 

pipeless and duplex register outfits and discussions in 

tension Bureau, Evansville. Ind., we are permitted to 

wliich all took part as tliere was knife and fork par 

present the following extract from a letter to one of 

ticipation which excluded none. Then there was a 

the plumbers who was receiving monthly assistance 

very important factor that cropped up and that was 

from the sales help service department: 

the establishment of friendly acquaintance among the 

Regarding your request that we send you more news from 

guests and a confidence that will soften competition 

this office, would say that we will be glad indeed to see 

that you get copies of everything that is sent out from here. 

and eliminate cut-price strife. 

Your remark about being in a small town and not getting Entertainment of this character gives the dealer an 

much news causes US to wonder if you are making the mis opportunity to become acquainted with the method of 

take of failing to subscribe for and read good trade papers. 

In our judgment a plumbing and heating contractor will 

manufacturing the goods he handles. 

find it hard to spend money more profitably than by paying 

out the small amount of money necessary to secure two W. L. Bronaugh Dies Suddenly 

or three good trade papers. Also we firmly believe that tlie 

time that the plumbing and heating contractor may spend 

W. L. Bronaugh, a prominent heating and venti 

in reading them and studying the business material that is lating engineer and well known in the sheet metal 

supplied to him in the trade paper is likely to prove the contracting circles, died suddenly in the Marshallmost 

profitably spent time that he uses in his business. Field Annex on July 26, aged 50 years. He had 

been suffering from stomach trouble and was said 

Appreciate Convention Courtesies to be on his way to see his physician when the fatal 

attack overtook him. 

At the Sanitarv and Efficiency Show in Pittsburgh, 

Mr. Bronaugh was active in association affairs, 

under the auspices of the National Association of 

being a member of the Chicago Athletic Association, 

Master Plumbers, METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

the Chicago Engineers' Club and the American So 

STEAM FITTER made a fine exhibit and devoted pages 

ciety of Heating and Ventilating Engineers. He 

of space to fostering and reporting it. In return it has 

received the following: 

served as secretary of the Illinois Chapter of the 

latter society. 

The officers and members of the Master Plumbers' Asso 

He is survived by his wife and a daughter. His 

ciation of Pittsburgh and vicinity extends thanks and appreciation 

for the hearty co-operation given by you in making 

funeral was held from his late residence, 2635 Prairie 

the Thirty-eighth Annual Convention and Exhibit in Pitts Avenue, Evanston, 111., Wednesday, July 28, and 

burgh a success. 

interment was made in Memorial Park.

AUGUST .. 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 195 

Bernard Gause Dead 

Bernard Gause died at his home in Jacksonville, 

111, on July 19 at the age of 50 years. He was prominent 

in association affairs, 

serving as president 

of the Illinois State 

Association of Master 

i'lumbers and being a 

member of the American 

Society of Heating and 

Ventilating Engineers. 

He was a man of genial 

personality imbued with 

the idea that those who 

profited from the teachings 

of older men should 

pass along the information 

to enable the 

younger to qualify for 

service to the world. 

He was a successful 

business man with executive 

ability and completed 

considerable plumbing 

and heating work in 

many of the public build- 

, , ings in the state of II- 

,i/;;/ tjause . ° . 

'nois. 

' : '-'cp his last illness was very brief many friends in 

the trade will be shocked to learn of his death. 

Nickel Plating Rolled Zinc 


positing nickel electrolytically the same difficulty is 

experienced at low current densities. By raising the 

current density, however, a rate of deposition can be 

found at which the deposit will adhere to the metal. 

This is true of even a plain nickel sulphate solution, 

but if only nickel sulphate is used the deposit will not 

be of good color. In order to obtain a good color 

boric acid is added, and solutions containing only tliese 

two constituents give very good results in actual practice. 

For example, for plating on zinc one manufacturer 

uses a solution containing 12 oz. of single nickel 

sulphate and 3 oz. of boric acid per gallon. 

Such a solution has rather narrow working limits 

and, in the case of articles having deep recesses 

streaky deposits might result. This can be overcome 

to a large extent by the addition of sodium citrate, 

and increasing the concentration of the nickel salt in 

the solution will also be an advantage. The use of a 

small amount of nickel chloride is also advisable to 

insure good anode corrosion. 

For general use in directly nickel-plating zinc articles 

the following solution will give excellent results: 

Xickel sulphate _ _ 32 oz. 

Xickel chloride 2 oz. 

Boric acid _ 4 oz. 

Sodium citrate _ 22 oz. 

Water _ 1 gal. 

This solution may be operated at very high current 

densities and thus aid in speeding up production. For 

general purposes a current density of between 10 and 

30 amperes per square foot will be found all right. 



Black and Galvanized Sheets—Demand still ahead of 

supply. 

Tin Plate—Spot tonnage continues scarce. 

Tin—Dull and disinteresting. 

Copper—Quiet and prices firm. 

Lear—Recent good demand gone. 

Zinc—Light demand for prompt. 

Antimony—Inactive. 

Foundry Coke—Spot scarce. Production and shipment 

improved. 

Linseed Oil—Depressed and prices lower. 

There have been advances in boilers and radiators 

and an advance in stoves and furnaces is expected 

before the fall gets old. In all lines scarcity of product 

and delayed shipments are noted with buyers making 

no cancellations but rather taking in stock when they 

can get it. 


Xew Yoi-k.—A large interest in Xew Jersey is in the 

market for about 13,000 tons of foundry iron for the first 

Spirits of Turpentine—Prices higher. Stocks unincreased. half of 1921. In general very little is being done about next 

year's iron. Furnacemen want to see what the freight ad 

Transportation and Freight Advance vances actually add to their costs. What immediately con 

Influences 

cerns nearly all foundrymen is getting hold of iron they 

have bought for this year. There are considerable furnace 

#j[ Whatever the line of industry, fuel and freight stocks, particularly in the Buffalo district—all sold, but 

Tji control. Buyers are not exacting as to prices but impossible of delivery except in relatively scant amounts. 

want the goods. Foundry coke at $18 to $20 and pig Predictions of higher prices later in the year are still made 

iron at $_6 strong gives little hope of price concession by furnacemen, all based on the fact of small stocks at 

foundries, the very small fraction of estimated make of iron 

on goods made with' present labor cost and skill. 

in tbe remainder of the year that is now unsold, the high 

Plants cannot run full nor can shipment of product 

price of coke, and the higher costs that will be due to freight 

be made. The advance in freight rates conceded by the increases. Nevertheless, some Northern iron has been of 

Government cannot bring in the money for needed fered for 1921 at present prices. One factor which is hard 

new equipment for railroads in time to afford relief to gage is the relation between the iron under contract for 

now and conditions must be met by other means and thisXear and the amount of iron foundries will need to take 

by reduced business all along the line. Tin plate is them through the year. 

We auote for delivery in the New York district as follows: 

at the mills but carriers are hunting spot stock where East Pa., No. 1 fdv., sil. 275 to 3.25 $51.80 to $52.80 

it can be found at sellers' prices. 

East' Pa N'o. 2X fdv.. sil. 2.25 to 2.75 50.05 to 51.05 

East! Pa. No. 2 fdy.', sil. 1.75 to 2.25 48.80 to 49.30 

No. 2X, Virginia sil. 2.25 to 2.75 59.40 to 51.40


Chicago.—A sale of 1,200 tons of foundry for first half 

delivery has been made at $42 base, Birmingham. While a 

few Southern furnaces are quoting higher than $42 on that 

delivery, the principal factors in this market are adhering 

to the old prices. A fair sized tonnage of Northern foundry 

for first half shipment has been contracted for at $46 base 

furnace, although the leading furnaces are not anxious to 

book business so far ahead. There has been little improvement 

in by-product coke production in this district and beehive 

coke is still difficult to obtain. 


yards except those for Northern foundry, and steel-making irons, 

which are f. o. b. furnace and do not include a switching charge 

averaging 50c per ton. 

Northern coke. No. 1, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 last half $48.25 

Northern coke. No. 1 spot 48.25 

Northern coke foundry. No. 2 sil. 1.75 to 2.25 last half 46 00 


Northern high phos., last half 45.00 

Southern coke, No. 1 foundry and No. 1 soft, sil. 2.75 

to 3.25 50.20 

Southern coke No 2 foundrv, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 48.70 


Philadelphia.—The scarcity of prompt iron is more 

marked than ever, particularly of 2.25 to 2.75 silicon iron, 

because of the difficulty in securing good coke for making 

the higher silicon grades. Sellers do not know where they 

can secure even single carloads direct from furnaces. The 

only spot sales are of resale material. Only two producers 

have sold for 1921—the leading Virginia company which 

has disposed of several thousand tons and a Buffalo furnace. 

Most are wary of quoting for this period because 

of the uncertain future. Tlie new freight rates will increase 

the cost of making pig iron $1.85 to $5 a ton, it has been 

variously estimated by furnace representatives, due to the 

increased costs of hauling raw materials to the furnaces. 


yards in Philadelphia or vicinity: 

East. Pa. No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil $47.90 to $50 10 

East. Pa., No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 49.15 to 51.35 

Virginia No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.75 sil 49.10 to 50.10 

Virginia No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2 75 sil 50.35 to 51.35 

Cincinnati.—Inquiries for prompt iron have fallen off 

to some extent though some sales for early shipment are 

noted. Much of the interest shown in the market is from 

consumers who feel that this is as good a time as any to 

cover for future requirements and the bulk of the sales are 

being made for last and first quarters. Announcement that 

the Interstate Commerce Commission had granted the request 

of the railroads for increased rates was received with 

interest. One interest in close touch with a Southern furnace 

estimates that it will add anywhere from $2 to $5 a 

ton to the cost. The new schedules will mean that the freight 

rates from Birmingham to Cincinnati will be increased by 

90c. a ton and from Ironton to Cincinnati by 72c. a ton. 

Based on freight rates of $3.60 from Birmingham and $1.80 from 

Ironton. quote f. o. b. Cincinnati: 

Southern coke, sil. 175 to 2.25 (base price) $45.60 

Southern cnke, sil. 2.25 tn 2.75 (No. 2 soft) 46.S5 

Southern Ohio coke. sil. 1.75 to 2 25 (Xo. 2) 46.8(1 

Cleveland.— Only one local interest has taken any pigiron 

contracts for next year. There is a limited amount of 

activity in foundry iron for this year. Two sellers have 

advanced their price on foundry grades for this year to $46 

for shipment from a Lake and Valley furnace and from 

Erie and Detroit. Furnace companies were able to ship 

about as much iron as they made in July, but shipments 

were very unevenly distributed because of the railroad 

situation. 

We quote delivered Cleveland as follows, based on 40c switching 

charge for local iron, a $1.40 freight rate from Valley points, and 

$5 from Birmingham: 

Northern, Xo. 2 fdv., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 $45.40 

Southern foundry, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 48 70 


Old Materials 

Scrap Iron, Xew Vork.— Prices have taken a rise on 

several items, there being demand both from the Pittsburgh 

district and export, one influence bidding against the 

other. Stove plate and cast scrap have taken the most 

marked price advance. Scrap dealers are complaining about 

the situation caused by the embargoes against the use of 

hopper cars for scrap, which will not be lifted until Aug. 

21, with an increase in freight 10 days later. 

Prices with dealers in New York and Brooklyn are quoting to 

local foundries per gross ton: 



etc.) cupola size 39.00 to 40.00 

X T o. 1 heavy cast, not cupola size 32.00 to 33.00 

No. 2 cast(radiators, cast boilers, etc.) 29.00 to 30.00 

Iron and steel pipe (1 in. in diam., not under 

2 ft. long) 18.50 to 19.00 


Scrap Iron, Chicago.—The coal strike dampened market 

activity the latter part of last week, but interest has 

since revived. The prices are firmer, although there have 

heen few advances. Rolling mill grades are dull owing to 

the suspension of operation by one bar iron mill and expected 

curtailment by others. Transportation conditions are 

steadily improving. 

We quote delivery in consumers' yards. Chicago and vicinity, 


Per Net Ton 

No. 1 cast 36.00 to 37.00 







Brake shoes 25 50 to 26.00 




Scrap Iron, Pittsburgh.—The market still exhibits a 

very strong tone, partly because of the increased interest 

of a number of melters in the market, but chiefly because 

of the increased reluctance of dealers to take on orders 

delivery of which cannot be made before Sept. 1, except at 

prices which cover the higher freight charges. The market 

bas moved up quite sharply on machine shop turnings, at 

prices ranging from $13.50 to $15. This grade is not obtainable 

now in quantity at much below $15. Cast iron borings 

is noted at $19, delivered, and $35 has been done on a 

round tonnage of heavy breakable cast. Shipping conditions 

in this district are unimproved and permits issued by tbe 

Pennsylvania Railroad are for only limited periods. 

We quote for delivery to consumers' mills in the Pittsburgh and 

other districts that take Pittsburgh freight rates as follows: 


Rolled steel wheels 29 00 to 30.00 




Short shoveling turnings 18.50 to 19.00 


Sove plate 31.50 to 32.00 


Xo. 1 railroad wrought 31.00 to 32.00 

Old Metals, Xew York—The week has been a slow 

one, dealers recording business light. Prices are easing off 

a little with the exception of lead, which remains firm. 


Copper, heavy and crucible $15 75 

Copper, heavy and wire 15.00 

Copper, light and bottoms 13*00 

Brass, heavy IQ 00 

Brass, ligbt 750 

LT„.,,-V machine composition 15.25 


Xo. 1 red brass or composition turnings 12.25 

Lead, heavy 7 50 

Lead tea [[ s!oO 

Zinc s.25 

Old Metals, Chicago.—Market quiet and prices un- 

> hanged. Dealers' buying prices for less than carload lots 

a re: 

Red brass ' 13.50 

Yellow brass, heavy 9,00 

Vellow brass, borings 10.00 






Tea lead 3.00 



Zmc 4.00 

Pewter, No. 1 25.00

_ 

1 

1 

EVEREADY 


Formerly &/jgA{-QJl[(> Apparatus 

Built by Oxweld—On Sale Everywhere 

AN extremely efficient, economical and easily portable 

JLAL. welding and cutting outfit,—inexpensive and simple, 

yet sturdy. 

Only apparatus of its kind that can be readily dismantled 

and reassembled in the field—all joints ground to precision, all 

parts interchangeable. 

Designed for use with compressed acetylene in cylinders— 

a proved tool, years in service in metal-working trades, improved 

and refined by the world's foremost manufacturers of 

oxy-acetylene welding and cutting apparatus. 

Full line of apparatus and supplies. Use coupon to obtain 

your copy of New Eveready Catalog and name and address 

of distributor in your locality. 


(Eveready Apparatus Dept.) 

3644 Jasper Place Chicago, 111. 

World's Largest Makers of Oxy-Acetylene 

Welding and Cutting Outfits 

A 


Evereadv Apparatus Department 

3644 Jasper Place. Chicago. III. 

Please mail me Free of Charge your New Eveready 

Catalog and address of your distributor in my locality. 

Name 

P. O. Address 

Please quote METAL WOUKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER when writing to advertisers

198 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCUST 6, 1920 

Old Rubber.— Xo demand apparent Prices hold. 


Boots and shoes 6 to 6J4 

Trimmed artics 4^4 to 5 


Bicycle tires lj-a to 1 .4 

Solid tires 2 to 2J_ 

No. 1. inner tubes 

Mixed white scrap 

U]72 to 12J_ 

4 to . *>_ 

Mixed red scrap 3 r _ to 4 

Mixed black scrap l_i to 2 

Lead.—Former good demand has disappeared and only 

a small supply is available. 

Zinc.— Demand is very light and confined to prompt and 

early delivery. Producers are not looking for future delivery 

claiming there is no profit at the present levels. 

Antimony.— Inactivity predominates this market. 

Cotton fire hose 

3 A to IA 

Garden hose 3 Tin Plate, Pittsburgh.—Shortage of box cars is an ex 

A to 1 tremely restrictive factor. Some of the big can makers, who 

Old Rags.— Dullness predominates the market, with are not getting shipments against contracts, are canvassing 

prices unchanged. Wholesale dealers' prices are: the market for spot tonnages and finding little available 

No. 1 whites $11.00 to $11.50 

except stock items for which they are paying independent 

No. 2 whites 5.75 to 6.00 makers from $9 to $10 per base box, Pittsburgh. Tin plate 

Thirds and blues 

Straight garments 

Hard back carpets 

Soft back carpets 

3.50 to 3.75 

2.00 to 2.10 

1.90 to 2.00 

4.25 to 4.50 

operations are on a relatively high rate but the independent 

mills are more fully engaged than are those of the American 

Sheet & tin Plate Co., which is having difficulty in securing 

Paper Stock.— Demand good and prices steady with up 

supplies of steel. The Western plants of the company are 

ward tendency. Wholesale dealers' liuying quotations for doing fairly well in the matter of shipments, as the Western 

New York are: 

roads are permitting the loading of box cars in the direction 



of the grain-producing areas, a privilege which is being 

denied by the Eastern roads. Hundreds of empty'cars daily 

are passing through Pittsburgh on their way West. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh.— Operations of the mills of the 


American Sheet & Tin Plate Co. the past week have been 

considerably less than 50 per cent, of capacity, due to the 

fact that on account of the railroad congestion the company 

Black and Galvanized Sheets.—Back orders still use has had much trouble in securing sheet bars from its regular 

up receipts as fast as they come in. New demands are not sources. As a result of this condition and in an effort to 

as strong as formerly. 

maintain mill organizations, the company again has opened 

Tin Plate.—Prompt delivery is still in demand but car its books for conversion business and in the past week or 

shortage has greatly delayed shipment. 

ten days have taken about 20,000 tons of this character. Not 

a little of this tonnage has been placed by automobile com 

Copper.—Sellers are not pressing forward delivery 

panies,be 

and this development has tendered to relieve the 

cause of expected higher prices in the fall due to freight 

fear which recently existed about the conditions in that 

advances. 

industry. Independent sheet makers seem to be getting 

Tin.—Thc market is dull almost to stagnation, consumers ample supplies of sheet bars and for that reason have been 

being still uninterested and only liglit offerings of the metal averaging higher than 70 per cent, operations in the past 

noted. 

month. Shortages of cars, however, is restricting shipments 

by all makers. It is just as hard and quite as costly as it 

has been any time recently to place early shipment business. 

sms. mW' ! - -"-A* 

Ltai_______.-c%V . -BB 

KHHa 

^^^>!___fci_______r 

^L_* ; ^__H_i 

\ W 

BURT VENTILATORS 

Plenty of Light and Fresh Air 

r 1 .HEIR unusually large capacity, scientific de- 

J_ sign and generous proportions assure a constant 

flow of clean air to replace the vitiated 

atmosphere they carry away. 

The Burt Glass Top feature provides a clear, 

well-diffused light which means increased comfort 

and economy. 

Burt Ventilators embody many other exclusive 

sales points. They enable you to convince the 

most skeptical customer. 

turther information means money in your pocket. 

Write for it today. 



GEO. W. REED & CO.. Montreal 

Sole Manufacturers of Burt Ventilators for Canada. 

Please quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER wl


Notes and Prices 

linseed Oil Market suffered a setback this week and 

further reductions expected. In lots of 5 bbl. and over, city 

raw American seed is quoted at ,1.36 to $1.58, and out-oftown 

raw American seed is quoted at $1.36 to $1.58. In lots 

of less than 5 bbl. 3c more per gallon is asked. Boiled oil 

brings 2c more per gallon than raw oil. 

Spirits of Turpentine.— Demand continues with prices 

higher. In machine barrels in yard, the wholesale price is 

quoted at $1.70 per gallon. 

Rosin,— Dealers report a heavy demand for medium 

grades, with indications of further price advances. On the 

basis of 280 lbs. to the barrel, the wholesale price of common-to-good 

strained is $12.50. Grade D is $16.00. 

Iron and Steel Pipe.—The supply situation continues 

quite acute, for while there has been some improvement in 

railroad operation, there has been no increase in the supply 

of railroad equipment, and this has seriously restricted the 

movement to and from the mills. The Xational Tube Co. 

is merely hobbling along at its National and Pennsylvania 

works, having less than 50 per cent, of its pipe furnaces in 

operation at the former plant and only one out of six furnaces 

at the Pennsylvania works. The Ellwood City, Pa., 

and Wheeling, Ohio, plants of this company also are more 

or less curtailed, but comparatively full operations are maintained 

at the Lorain, Ohio, works, where ample storage 

facilities exist. Independent pipe manufacturers are operating 

on the average of about 75 per cent, of their capacity, 

and are having only a fair measure of success in making 

shipments. Demands show no relaxation in any direction. 

The Ford Motor Co. has put out an inquiry for 10 to 12 

miles of 16-in. line pipe, presumably for piping gas. 

Foundry Coke.— Spot supplies of bee-hive oven coke remain 

extremelv scant, in spite of the fact that there has 

been some improvement in the car placements in the Connellsville 

region, which has been attended by an increase in 

production. Oven output remains wofully inadequate to 

meet the requirements of both those covered by contracts, 

who are getting shipments only in keeping with the car 

supply, and those without contracted supplies, who are 

anxious to keep in operation. We note a sale of 200 cars 

of furnace coke for shipment to a Buffalo melter at $18.7o 

per net ton, oven, while on smaller lots $19 is being done. 

Some business also is heard of at $18 in furnace fuel, but in 

general $18.50 measures the minimum. Foundry grade takes 

a range of from $19 to $20. 

Niagara Conoidal Fan Catalog 

Niagara conoidal fans, with the word Buffalo 

beneath, is embossed on the front cover of an 8V2 x 

11-in. catalog of 52 pages, issued by the Buffalo 

Forge Co., Buffalo, N. Y., to enable engineers and 

architects to select the fans required to meet any demand 

for ordinary heating and ventilation. Its text 

is illustrated with cuts and makes clear the method 

of taking in the air and forcing it forward in the 

construction that is offered under the name Conoidal. 

The fan wheel as displayed, is arranged with the 

blades attached to wheels smaller in diameter at one 

end than the other, and forming the frustrum of a 

cone so that when the air enters it must go forward 

and out, whether the fan is of the top, bottom or side 

discharge. The fans are arranged to be driven by 

engines, or direct connected motors. After the text 

has been read there are illustrations of the fans complete, 

parts, bearings, etc. With the diagrams giving 

the dimensions at different points and the capacity of 

the different styles and sizes, the reader has a comprehensive 

idea of the fans. 

Catalog No. 421 is especially a book of reference 

indispensable to the man who must give a large quanti- 


SATISFACTION 

300,000 

Vogel Frost-Proof 




Closets. 












part of closet when not 

in operation. 

Get VOGELS from 

your jobber. 


Wilmington 

Delaware 

ty of air, whether for connection with a duct system 

leading to many different rooms, or to a large room 

in which the air is distributed as in a garage or large 

meeting hall, or is kept in circulation. 

When New York's Transportation 

Facilities Were Blocked 


appropriate legal proceedings; and 

Whereas, In pursuance of said resolution a Citizens' 

Transportation Committee has been established and has 

found that the existing obstructions to transportation in 

this community now present an urgent occasion for action 

along the lines aforesaid: 

Now therefore the undersigned, each for himself or itself, 

in consideration of the subscriptions made by the other subscribers 

hereto, and in consideration of the undertaking of 

said Citizens' Transportation Committee to endeavor to 

carry out the purposes for which it has been created, does 

hereby agree to contribute to said committee the sum of 

money set opposite his or its name; the proceeds of such 

subscriptions to be expended by said committee for the 

purposes aforesaid without liability on the part of the said 

committee or any member thereof. 

Subscriptions shall be payable to the order of the Citizens' 

Transportation Committee in installments of not more 

than 10 per cent, each, at intervals of not less than thirty 

days each, as called for by the cominittee. 

Balance of subscription not called before July 1, 192A 

shall be deemed cancelled unless the subscribed extends it. 

Unused balance of funds in hands of the committee, when 

it terminates its work, shall be repaid to subscribers in 

proportion to their respective subscriptions.

















ALUMINUM- 

5 in 4.25 4.05 3.00 

NO. 1 aluminum guaranteed over 5'/2 in 4.90 4.50 3.50 

99% pure, in ingots for remelt 6 in 5.05 4.75 4.00 

ing, 100-lb. lots—37 to 39c. 7 in 6.50 7.50 

ANTIMONY— 



10c to 12c Plain Round and Corrugated- 



Base price Nominal Square- 

BISMUTH— 

Square 40% 


CONDUCTORS— 


Corrugated- 


Round or Square- 



Toncan or ingot 15% American Pig, per lb. ..10J_c to lie 

Copper 10% Bar, per Ib llj_c to 12c 


METAL LATH— 

Galvanized 20% Under 100 sq. yd. per sq. yd. 40c 



Galvanized On application Leads— 

(See also elbows and shoes; Lead, American White, in Oil, 

Eaves Trough Mitres; Strainers, kegs less than 500 lbs., 15}_c 

Conductor.) 



pails; add to keg price %c 



COPPER— 

lbs., 15c 

Lake ingot 21J_-22}_c Dry Colors- 



Per 100 lbs., 2 

COPPER SHEETS 




and over. 


advance. 




long 48 in. 

and to 

less 96.in. 



10 in. to 36 in. wide... 5c 6c 


Planished, iy2c per sq. ft. more 





long 

and Over 

less 96.in. 








Copper 10% 


Lap or Slip Joint, 10% alcove list. 


ELBOWS- 

NO. 1 No. 2 No. 3 

4 in $4.00 $3.90$ 2.75 

4V2 in 4.10 3.95 2.85 

! ROSIN- 


Common to good strained (whole private brands very according to 

sale), 280 lbs., per bbl $12.50 composition. 

SHEETS— 




Cents per lb. 1-lb. cans, each 60 

No. 10, per Ib 6.50-8.00 5-lb. cans, each 13.00 

No. 12, per lb 6.55-8.05 A. S. P. Fluid: 

No. 14, per lb 6.60-8.10 Gallon $1.25 

No. 16, per lb 6.70-8.20 12-gal. Carboy ...,90c per gallon 

Black— One Pass. C. R. (Jug and carboy extra) 

Soft Steel Callahan's Non-Corrosive, per 

No. 18 to 20, per lb 7.80- 9.80 gal $1.75 

No. 22 to 24, per lb 7.85- 9.85 SOLDERING COPPERS— 

No. 26, per lb 7.90- 9.90 Per lb. in 300-lb. lots 50c 

No. 27, per lb 7.95- 9.95 In 100 to 300-lb. lots advance 2c 

No. 28, per lb 8.00-10.00 per lb. 

No. 29, per lb 8.05-10.05 In lots of less than 100 lbs., ad 

No. 30, per lb 8.25-10.25 vance 4c per lb. 

No. 28 and lighter, 36 wide, STRAINERS, CONDUCTOR— 

10c higher 

2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 


Copper $2.80 $3.75 $5.75 $9.00 dz. 

20 gauge 11.10c 

Galv 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 dz. 

22 and 24 gauge 11.20c TIN PIGS AND BARS— 

26 gauge 11.30c Straits, pigs per lb 52c 

28 gauge 11.50c Straits, in bars, per lb—57c to 62c 

Galvanized— 


Cents per lb. Charcoal Plates—Bright— 

Nos. 12 and 14 9.10-11.10 N. B.—The price of 14 x 20 

/2 to 5c No. 16 9.25-11.25 "AAA" Charcoal Melyn Grade: 


Nos. 18 and 20 9.40-11.40 IC, 14x20 $16.50 

Brown, per ton $32.00 to $36.00 Nos. 22 and 24 9.25-11.55 IX, 14 x 20 18.75 

Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 No. 26 9.70-11.70 IXX, 14 x 20 20.50 

Oils- 

No. 27 9.85-11.85 IXXX, 14x20 22.25 

Linseed, City Raw ....$1.36 to $1.58 No. 28 10.00-12.00 IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 

Linseed, Boiled, advance, per No. 30 10.50-13.00 "A" Charcoal Allaways Grade: 

gal 2c No. 28 and lighter, 36 in. wide, IC, 14x20 $14.25 


20c higher IX, 14 x 20 16.25 

at $1.36 to $1.58 Corrugated Roofing—Galvanized— IXX, 14 x 20 18.00 


2._ in. corrugations, 30 per 100 lbs. IXXX, 14 x 20 19.75 

In Machine Bbl $1.70 over flat sheets. 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 21.50 

PUTTY— 

Corrugated Roofing—Painted- Coke Plates, Bright- 

Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c Prices quoted on application. Prime, 14 x 20 in.: 

In 1-lb to 5-lb. tins, 6.00 to 7.35c 25_-in. Corrugation 

80-lb $11.80 

REGISTERS— 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

90-lb 11.90 

Cast Iron 10% No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

100-lb 12.00 

Semi-Steel or Steel, in Black for No. 26, per 100 sq. ft. 

IC 13.25 

White Japan or Electro plate and No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

IX 13.25 

Small Faces and Borders 20% SLATE ROOFING— 

IXX 14.25 

Wall Frames 20% F. O. B. cars, Quarry Station. IXXX 15.25 



larger 40% 

According Terne Plate— 

Base Board Registers 20% Pennsylvania— to size Small lots, 8-lb. Coating: 

Base Board Intakes 20% Best Bangor $8.00 to $11.00 100-lb., 14 x 20 $9.35 

White Enameled Goods 5% No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9 00 IC. 14 x 20 9.50 

Solid Brass or Bronze Goods, ex Pen Argyl 7.75 to 8.25 IX, 14 x 20 10.50 

cept Grilles Net Peach Bottom 10.50 to 12.50 IC, 14 x 20 Stamped and Re 

Grilles in Black and White Japan No. 1 Chapman 7.75 to 8.75 squared: 

or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain Vermont— 


Lattice, Design. Smaller than No. 1 Sea Green $5.00 to $8.50 15-lb. Coating 11.75 

14 x 14 in., 


STORM-PROOF 

Prices on application Red 22.00 30-lb. Coating 13.50 


Maine- 


1-Ply Tarred Paper, per ton, Brownsville, Unfading Black, 

M. F. Grade 13.50 

$102.00 No. 1 $14.00 40-lb Coating 15.00 

per roll, 108 sq. ft. Slaters felt, 30-lb roll 2 00 WASTE COTTON— 

2-Ply Tarred Paper $1.60 is the 40-lb. Ventilator roll with 2.25 a constant Per lb. in 5-lb. bags 22c 

3-Ply Tarred Paper 2.00 SOLDER— 



'A STRONG, to y2 guaranteed STEADY 37y_c Western PULL Slabs. 10-llc 

Prices on application No-, 1 outward of impure 34'/2c air, Sheets etc. No. 9 base casks 14J_c 

Roofing Pitch, per ton $30.00 Kenned 3QC 

Open per lb 15c ROYALS VENTILATE FROM THE GROUND UP 

Patented 

THE ROYAL 

quickly removing all foul air, gases, etc., supplying instead Pure, 



The ROYAL is built for DURABILITY and HIGHEST efficiency. 





ROYAL 420 LOCUST VENTILATOR STE____T„ ;.'_.;...___• COMPANY 

'-,:•-•-'



FLORAL PARK, X. Y., Arc. 13, 1920. 





On the Job After Forty Years 

VO_CME 91, No. 7 

Veteran Warm-Air Furnace Tells How It Feels to Get into Service after 

a Long Rest in Hardware Man's Warehouse 

..CJAY, young man, you seem to be mighty interim 

ested?" 

"Yes, old-timer, I am. I have never seen any 

furnace just like you before. I heard a fellow talking 

about you last week, and came out to see you and get 

you to tell me something about yourself. 

"First, if you will look pleasant I'll take your 

picture, and then we can talk. 

ON THE JOB AFTER FORTY YEARS 

"All right!—That's fine! All finished; now let's 

go-" 

"You see I viewed the world from a warehouse 

for years and years, but I am a hale and hearty old 

chap and just as good as when I came out of the 

foundry. I was made by Beecher & Parker of Chicago, 

under patents of Aug. 27, 1861, and came out 

• By The-Man-Who-Watched 

to Aurora nearly 10 years ago, and have been in 

storage ever since. 

"Last winter, Mr. Tanner brought me downstairs 

and said, 'We're going to give you a chance now !' So 

I was shined up and put in here to heat the store. 

Believe me. I was glad to get into action, and from the 

pep I have shown I guess there's no kick coming. You 

see, my casing was partly removed, and this wire 

netting put around me so that the heat would radiate 

on all sides. 

"I was meant to be used with pipes, but on this 

job they just wanted me to warm the air. That cap 

effect that you see up there is new and is intended to 

keep the air down here where it is warmer. 

"As you see. my base is octagonal, and my fire-pot 

is cast iron and nearly 3 in. thick. I have flat grates 

and my radiator has ten 4-in. slieet metal tubes for 

the air to pass on its way to the bonnet. 

"The air supply enters at my back low down, and 

passes against the hot pot fire surfaces, then through 

the sheet metal tubes. 

"Now, if you will look into the fire-box you will 

see a sort oi pear-shaped casting, which everybody 

says is my most unique feature, and has been the 

cause of much comment by those who have seen me. 

This runs from directly over the cold air entrance, 

through the fire chamber and combustion chamber 

and discharges through the top drum head. It is 

intended to stimulate the flow of air and get a quicker 

circulation. 

"I burn both soft and hard coal, and have warmed 

this large store to Mr. Tanner's satisfaction during 

the severe weather of the past winter. 

"I am glad to be doing service, and feel fine. Come 

in and see me again." 

Furnacemen who have heard about this interesting 

old specimen have come to see it from many widely 

separated sections. Since it was brought from obscurity 

by H. R. Tanner, Aurora, 111., who has conducted 

ahardware business on the same spot for 54


Items Which Indicate Higher Levels 

Furnace and Stove Price Predictions 

In line with its record as the most reliable source of information 

in the stove and furnace field, METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER has secured the following forecast of conditions in the field, 

so that its readers who handle furnaces and cooking apparatus 

mav be guided in anticipating their requirements for the balance 

of the year, and advise the public accordingly. 

TRUE statement of facts as to the present and 

A future outlook in the furnace and stove trade 

will be of interest to all dealers and installers 

of this apparatus. Manufacturers are in hearty accord 

that no misleading hopes be entertained regarding 

price reductions, and are making special efforts 

to inform their customers concerning the outlook for 

the balance of 1920. This information is being given 

by mail as salesmen are now off the road. 

Furnaces and stoves are staple articles, and price 

advances have been moderate and infrequent as compared 

with other lines, such as clothing, fuel and 

food. Increases have followed and been in proportion 

to rising costs of production, and as there has been 

no profiteering prices, there are no unreasonable profit 

margins whicli can be eliminated. In view of the 

close ratio between production costs and current quotations, 

manufacturers generally are earning onlv a 

modest percentage on the capital invested. 

The reasons given for a forecast of prices higher 

than those existing* are based on the following: 

1. Production is below normal and will continue 

so for the balance of the year, with a demand 

greater than the present capacity. 

2. Supplies of all kinds are short, and extra ex 

Had You Believed This? 

pense is necessary to secure it. Pig iron 

and coke are scarce, and labor is high and 

advancing. 

3. Transportation facilities are bad. the car 

shortage will evidently continue and an increased 

freight rate will be effective on or 

about Aug. 25 next. 

4. Furnaces and stoves have not advanced in 

proportion to cost anywhere near to the extent 

of commodities that have recently shown 

a decline. 

The item of freight must be given special attention. 

for its importance cannot be overlooked. All of the 

materials used in the manufacture of furnaces and 

stoves belong to the heavy class, and many are transported 

a considerable distance. 

In the ease of pig iron, the price is steadily going 

up, and such contracts as have been made for delivery 

beyond Jan. 1, 1921, have been made at a considerable 

advance over prices at which contracts during 

the last half of 1920 have been entered. 

With the above factors existing, manufacturers can 

see no possible reduction in prices for their goods. 

and both dealer and user can expect no decline for 

manv months to come. 

THERE is a cheap and easy way to keep up to date on what is doing in the shops 

in our fields. Subscribe for METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

then read it and study it from the angle that applies to your particular situa 

tion. Don't neglect lhe advertisements. Read all of them and examine the pictures 

contained in them. Has it never occurred to you that an '"ad" may furnish just 

the idea you are looking for to apply to some vexing problem? Have not the cuts 

in an advertisement ever shown to you just the things vou wanted-to know? Don't 

you get a lot of useful information from reading the "ads"? If not, then it must 

be that you do not read the "ads" rightly. They should be read as one would read 

the news items of the trade paper for they are the newsiest kind of news items. All 

of the new discoveries, new inventions, new supplies are in the advertisements. They 

offer a wealth of practical suggestions for improving your own methods. You will 

find that the fellow that is forging ahead is reading the advertisements as much as 

any part of the paper.

AUGUST 13. 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 203 

THE PATH THAT LEADS 

To MONEY IN THE BANK 

Will Be Open to Our Readers 

for Travel September 3rd 

SERVICE of such a valuable character as that which has 

been heralded as showing THE PATH TftfiT LEADS * s to & ain 

substantially by starting Friday, TO MONEY IN THE BANK September 

3rd instead of on the date originally announced. 

It will give more time for all to realize that somethng of 

real advantage is in store for them and will come strong and 

c nvincing so that it is well worth waiting for. 

It is to be the first article of every issue and will make 

every reader know how to sell. Selling successfully means a 

larger business and at a better profit and those wh^ keep 

reading every issue the rest of this year will be in a class that 

fear no competition. That is the purpose of showing 

WE PMT. WAT LEADS and it is one that every tradesmsn can 

TO MONEY (N THE BANK readily follow. 

The art of selling is more profitable than any of the other 

arts tradesmen practice. 

It is the one that is most neglected by competent 

mechanics. It needs cultivation. The articles give the in 

centive and instruction. You know the money made on labor 

is scant but that the most money is made on the goods sold 

and the better salesman the tradesman is the more goods he 

sells and the more money he makes. The sale of goods involves 

the sale of labor in our fields and qualifications to do 

the selling will be ecquired by all who read and reflect.

204. METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 13, 1920 

Pertinent Information On Details to Insure Correct Construction and 

Good Appearances and To Avoid Error 

Instructive Directions On Elbow Making 

T H E following is the substance of a talk on laving 

out the rivet holes in a four-piece elbow pattern 

given to tlie writer's helper, Willie, a short time 

ago. 

You may not think that the variation of so little as 

1-16 in. in rivet holes is of much practical importance 

and it would not be if vou were onlv going to use a 

FIG. 1. ELBOW OB FISH PATTERN—WHICH? 

pattern once. But you may think differently when 

you remember that an untrue pattern makes untrue 

work, besides generally taking more time to do the 

work and also that a pattern may be used for 40 

years. 

Let me put it another way. Suppose you could 

have a minute of time and do a better job on one 

elbow by having a true pattern, 

how much would you save if you 

made a thousand? Perhaps I can 

make the point more clear by the 

following: 

S. F. B. Morse, the inventor of 

the telegraph, was a painter, but he 

had a mechanical mind of the highest 

order. When he was translating 

the alphabet into dots and dashes, 

being a scholar as well as a painter, 

he knew that the letter E was used 

more than any other letter. Now 

what would you do in a case like 

that? If you were a mechanic who 

realized that attention to details 

makes up the sum of perfection, you 

would do just the easiest, the most 

simple and the best thing. Mr. Morse 

realized that the letter that was used 

the most should be the shortest when 

translated, so lie made just one dot 

stand for the letter E. Try to imagine 

how much time would have been 

wasted since then if he had been a*slipshod 

workman and had made five 

dots stand for E as it does for I. 

A four-piece elbow is smaller at one end than it is 

at the other and therefore, as generally laid out, is 

a series of cones, which is wrong. It should be a 

series of cylinders, one a trifle smaller than the other- 

By Skrap 

it' vou will look in any good pattern book you will 

see the profile of a four-piece elbow giving the diameter 

angles, one of which is used to get the circumference 

stretch-out. 

Now this profile is a cylinder and not a cone and 

all the other operations up to the finished elbow should 

be done with this fact in mind. The principle is the 

same, that is, you .-ire still working on a cylinder 

whether you stretch out from A to B, as in Fig. 1, or 

continue so as to make what is called a fish pattern 

shown at CD. 

I do not find many shops tliat have taken the 

trouble to make a pattern for marking out a complete 

elbow at one operation such as is shown by Fig. 2. 

Most all of them content themselves with marking 

out an elbow piecemeal, using CD, Fig. 1, as a templet 

for the angles. In doing this, they almost invariably 

turn the cylinders into a cone by making the 

lines for the rivets wrong, as you will see by looking 

at Fig. 3. The distance from D to E is ordinarily 

about i/4 in. less than it is from F to G. This is done. 

of course, so that one end will go into a length of pipe 

and the other go onto the outside. 

Here i.s where the trouble begins. If this distance 

FI6.2 

. 2. ELBOW PATTERNS FASTENED TOGETHER 

from D to E were the same as F G, you would still 

have a cylinder and your elbow would be true, but 

since you have made it a cone all four pieces will be 

cones and when formed will be out of true, as shown


by Fig. 4. The dotted lines H I are straight. Notice 

the hollow at J and the hump at K. This is caused 

by the section being a cone, that is, the diameter at J 

is a little less than it is at" K and the elbow will go 

together staggered, as shown by Fig. 5. 

If the pattern were made up of a series of cylinders 

instead of cones, the lines at LN and MO, Fig. 4, 

would be straight and therefore true because each section 

of the elbow would be the same diameter at both 

ends. 

I have tried to show in the foregoing the defects of 

most of the patterns I have met with in my round 

through the town and quite a number of other towns 

besides. If you will follow me closely I will now try 

to show you how I make a pattern for a four-piece 

elbow. 

Referring to Fig. 2 again, I show a pattern for a 7in. 

elbow, each section of which is a cylinder, that is, 

both ends are the same in diameter because the rivet 

holes PQ are the same distance apart as RS and so on 

On the center line L T mark holes as at Y to match 

both ends of all four sections, these holes to be used 

when making elbows of small pieces of iron. Punch 

the holes and the pattern is practically perfect, first, 

because it is also a pattern for a half length of 7-in. 

pipe, using lock for seam, second, there is no waste of 

material as the elbow can be made in four pieces or 

eight, and third, three different angles can be made 

with the same pattern. For instance, four pieces or 

sections makes another angle and two pieces or sections 

makes still another, some one of which will fit 

almost any job. 

Let me throw in these two pointers on making up 

the elbow. Always roll the sections up with the punch 

burr on the inside. FJse a set on all rivets except on 

VV, section 4, flatten this one down so it will not be 

in the way when fitted inside another joint. Put 

seams opposite each other, as shown in Fig. 5. Lastly, 

when I have a furnace job out of town or a good way 

from the shop I make up two or three elbows that are 

in long sections so that by cutting the elbow apart I 

can always get an angle that will do. 

Sheet Production in Youngstown 

Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. is operating all departments 

on a curtailed basis of about 75 per cent of 

normal; Republic Iron & Steel Co. and Sharon Steel 

Hoop Co. report 85 per cent; Trumbull Steel Co., 75 

per cent; Brier Hill Steel Co., 70 per cent; Carnegie 

Steel Co., 75 per cent in Sharon, Farrell and New 

Castle plants and 55 per cent for Youngstown works. 

Newton Steel Co. has 10 mills in commission, producing 

one-pass black and highly finished sheets for 

the automobile industry at the yearly rate of 60,000 

tons, in the proportion of 60 per cent of highly finished 

output and 40 per cent of black sheets. Because 

of the exceptional demand for the best grade sheets, 

the company anticipates entering such production on 

W FIG.4 0 j 

FIG. 3. GETTING LINE FOR RIVET HOLES 

FIG. 4. THE EFFECT OF WRONG LINE RIVETS 

FIG. 5. THE APPEARANCE OF CARELESSLY MADE ELBOW 

throughout the rest of the pattern. As our galvanized 

iron is generally 28 in. wide, the pattern is cut so as 

to use half of the width or 14 in. The extreme length 

is just long enough to make a half length of pipe 

when locked together in the folder when the lock takes 

up 114 in- Now look sharp and I will lay it out over 

again. 

From any determinate base line as T er.ect center 

line U. On each side of this line mark for large end 

11 1-16 in. and for small end 11 9-16 in. Then for 

rivet marks for larger end 11 1-16 in. and for small 

end 10 15-16 in. This leaves % in. outside of rivets 

for a \ x a larger scale. 

At Farrell, Pa., the hot mill department of the 

American Sheet & Tin Plate Co. resumed in full Sunday 

evening, after an idleness of two weeks. 

The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. has started its 

new lapweld tube mill, giving it seven of that type 

and four buttweld. The new unit has a daily production 

approaching 200 tons. 

Makers report no tendency toward cancellation of 

orders, but sustained insistence on the part of consumers 

for deliveries. Effect of the prolonged interruption 

of normal rail service is discouraging some 

heavy steel consumers from going forward with 

planned enterprises. Producers, however, are optimistic, 

in view of strong export demand and outlook 

for bumper harvests, which ordinarily react beneficiallv 

on the basic industries. 

On" one dav reeentlv, 97 trucks were waiting their 

turn in a department of a local mill to get material. 

/± in. lock and the taper is equal on both ends. _t another plant, 50 trucks were standing m line. 

Now mark for rivet holes RSVVVVVV, then laysquare 

on line RS and mark PQ at right angles to RS 

and so on with the next two sections, No. 2 and 3. 

No dealer finds success in life. 

On section 4, the small end, lay square on VV and 

mark holes W W at right angles to VV. Cut pattern 

apart and spread enough to mark between the sections 

and fasten together as shown at X. 

Nor ever can, until 

He sells the goods that don't come back 

To customers who will. 

R. M. & H. E. Bulletin.

206 METALWORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCUST 13, 1920 

United Effort by Manufacturers, Jobbers and Sheet Metal 

Contractors Will Win Good Business Now. Open 

More Metal Roofs By Joint Merchandising 

By A. V. Hutchinson'' 

B O O M sheet metal for roofs—NOW—because 

people more than ever before are looking for 

material that will give the greatest service. The 

lasting qualities of good tin plate, zinc and copper 

are so well known to those in the business that they 

think, as a matter of course, that everybody knows 

about them. It is like the native of Buffalo who 

wonders at his guests' anxiety to see Niagara Falls. 

Roofs of galvanized iron and tin plate have served 

from 30 to 75 years, and in Europe zinc has given 

equal service. A copper roof with 125 years to its 

credit is on Christ Church, Philadelphia. With facts 

like these to present there is no argument but that 

metal offers the best roof covering. 

Prices for metal suitable for roofing have not advanced 

as rapidly as other materials whicli are not as 

good, so that there is a good opportunity to push a 

campaign for good roofs of metal. To do this successfully 

two things are required: First, the ability 

of manufacturers to supply the metal promptly in a 

larger tonnage than is now available for this purpose. 

Second, the co-operation of manufacturers, jobbers 

and sheet metal contractors. 

For some time demand for rolling mill products 

has far exceeded the supply, and the eagerness of 

buyers has had as much to Act with price advance as 

strikes and car shortages. However, 

Supply Has with the curtailment of production from 

Exceeded labor, fuel and transportation difficul- 

Demand ties and approaching hot weather, the 

situation should be carefully considered 

before definite action is taken. 

The manufacturer must be able to make enough 

sheets, the jobber must be able to deliver them to the 

sheet metal contractor and the latter must by doing 

the very highest grade of workmanship put metal in 

its rightful place as a roofing material. The public is 

in a receptive mood, and the only thing to do is to 

deliver the goods. 

It would be fitting for manufacturers through their 

association to suggest the best method of applying the 

various kinds of metal roofing now on the market, 

which include tin plate, zinc, copper and metal 

shingles. If a standardized specification for roofers 

were drawn up embodying the correct practice for 

the application of these materials under varying conditions, 

it would insure good service of the roofs. 

Another very important point is the weight or 

gage of metal used, and the recommendation of a minimum 

weight would prevent a recurrence of the bad 

name that was once given to tin roofs on which poor 

material and worse workmanship were used. When 

the cheapest material is used there will always be 

complaints. But if the best possible material is 

chosen there is absolute certainty that its service will 

•Presented at Metal Branch meeting, Cleveland, May 21-22. 

+ Western Editor, Metal Work, Plumber and Steam Fitter. 

be good, and will be of general satisfaction to all 

concerned. 

Sheet metal men have worked with tin plate and 

know how to use it, but they do not like to take a 

chance with the zinc or copper because of its greater 

properties of expansion and contraction. This attitude 

can only be corrected by education. When these 

metals are better understood and worked under proper 

conditions, they will give splendid service, and 

more information must be given to practical men in a 

way that they will understand. Instructions and 

detailed drawings to show each step for applying 

these metals in different ways should be so clear that 

the men cannot fail to grasp the technique from the 

drawing and explanation given. 

In telling the public the advantages of metal roofs 

photographs of what can be done with the various 

kinds with standing seam, flat seam, battened, sheet 

metal tiles and shingles are invaluable, 

Photographs and should be used freely. A picture 

of Advantage will always get attention, where a 

printed page will be passed up. 

The manufacturer and jobber must give from their 

experience in merchandising so that the contractor 

will learn that the only way to get business is to go 

out after it. The hearty co-operation of all factors 

in the business will bring a greater development of 

the industry, and be of great public service by making 

more metal roofs. 

Invaluable Articles Published 

B. F. JOHN Co. 

Architectural Sheet Metal Work, Skylight- Roofing, 

Heating and Ranges 

1003 Race Street, 

Philadelphia, Pa., July 8, 1920 

Mr. Frank K. Chew, 

243 West 39th St., 


Dear Sir: 

Allow me to congratulate you on the two very interesting 

articles in the last two weeks' paper entitled 

"Furnacemen Can Aid in Solving Housing Problem," 

and "Will Sheet Metal Men Drive Their Industry." 

There are a number of other good papers that make 

the last two issues very interesting indeed, and your 

suggestion of a press committee is already working in 

our organization. 

There will be quite a discussion on several papers 

at our September meeting, which is our quarterly 

dinner and I think Secretary Knecht is preparing 

something real for that evening. 

Hoping you are well, I am, 


BENJAMIN F. JOHN Co. 

(Signed) B. F. John.

AUCUST 13, 1920 METALWORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 207 

Water Never Missed 

Until Everything Was Dry 

Information on the Method of Repairing Pumps with 

Special Reference to Leather Valve Replacement 

PROBABLY there is no domestic appliance more 

generally used outside of the cities than the common 

pitcher pump. I should like to say a few 

words on the subject of repairing pumps in general 

but with special reference to replacing the leather 

valves. 

«__•___. 

Fu 

FIG. 1. COMMON PITCHER PUMP 

FIG. 2. LOWER VALVE LEATHER 

PLUNGER VALVE LEATHER FORMED 

FIG. 4. 

VALVE LEATHER READY TO BE FORMED 

FIG. 5. 

Many years' experience has enabled me to perfect 

a method of procedure which always gives good results, 

and I am glad of the chance of passing it along 

for the benefit of those to whom the work may be new. 

A pump should be handled pretty carefully for, although 

it is made of iron, the castings are thin and 

thin castings are almost always brittle. Besides, if 

you should break a customer's pump you could not 

satisfy some of them with a silver-plated one. 

An ordinary kitchen pump is shown in Fig. 1. Suppose 

we take it apart and put in new leathers. The 

bolts AA and set screw B are liable to be rusted so 

badly that no chance may be taken of twisting the 

heads off. Put a little kerosene on them and heat the 

metal with a torch, tapping the heads with a hammer 

until they start with a 6-in. wrench. When the pump 

is taken apart the lower valve leather, Fig. 2, will be 

found to have a weight or flapper fastened to it with 

a brass screw. Don't try to take this screw out until 

you have put the flapper and leather into a fire and 

burned the leather all off. Then throw it into water 

and, when cold, the screw will come out easily. 

A cross section of the plunger is shown in Fig. 3, 

in which CC is the leather, also shown in Fig. 4. 

Burn the leather out of the plunger and immerse the 

holder DD in cold water about !/_ in. and it will come 

out without danger of breaking. In putting in a new 

lower valve leather some favor putting the grain side 

By F. N. Parks 

down and others argue for the flesh side. I do not 

think it makes much difference beeause, while the 

flesh side being softer might take care of small particles 

of sand and thus preserve the seal, the grain 

side being smoother is less liable to catch sand or dirt. 

Soak both leathers thoroughly in water. 

If the valve seat is pitted with rust or worn, file 

it down until it is true. Fasten the flapper to the 

leather and put in place. Set the barrel on and adjust 

bolts AA, Fig. 1. In screwing these bolts home 

be sure that it is done evenly so that each side will 

be the same distance from the base. 

If you have plunger leathers already made as 

shown in Fig. 4 and 5, you may or may not have the 

size required so it will be necessary to cut one out, 

using harness or soft sole leather. If the leather is 

spongy be sure and cut the hole somewhat smaller and 

stretch it over holder DD, Fig. 3. When the holder 

is tightened up the leathers must be crimped, as shown 

in Fig. 4. This is done by a little tool shown in Fig. 

6 made in the shop of No. 24 galvanized iron 8 in. 

long, 2*4 in. in diameter at the small end and 8% in. 

at the other, with the seam closely riveted for strength. 

This size cone crimps leathers for pumps from No. 1 

to No. 4 size. The plunger is put into the large 

end of the cone and forced down until the right size 

is reached. 

FIG. 3. CROSS SECTION 

OF PLUNGER 

FIG. 0. SHEET METAL FORMER 

FOR VALVE LEATHERS 

Look down the inside of the pump barrel or cylinder 

and note that it is worn smooth only up to within 

about % in. of the top opening. This is generally 

crusted over with rust. This should be cleaned off.

•208 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 13, 1920 

It is better to leave the plunger in crimping cone until 

the leather partially dries but, when it is taken out, 

rub on some soap before it is forced into barrel of 

pump. Now put on the handle and handle frame and 

be very careful not to turn the set screw B, Fig. 1, 

too tight, for the weakest part of the whole pump 

is right under that screw. Oil all bearings on liandle 

and the pump ought to be in first-class order. 

In setting a pump in a wooden shelf, especially if 

lead pipe is connected to the pump, never fasten it 

T H E labors of many a farmer's wife have been 

lessened by bringing the pump into the kitchen. 

Then another step that has had her approval was 

piping to supply hot water without having to lift and 

carry water from the pump to the stove. In view of 

these facts and that all do not go right out and get 

the best there is to be had on hearing about it though 

the}' need to be relieved of burdens, I submit a 

drawing of a pump and its connections, with tank and 

waterback in the stove, that I have arranged for many 

people in the South and whieli are still in service. 

There are many places where the first step will 

have to be taken before they will take the long step 

to the modern outfit. I believe that the trade in the 

smaller centers in the farming com- 

Prepare People munities will do well to study the 

by Getting drawing I submit and bring it to 

Their Attention the attention of people who could afford 

to pay the price and would pay 

the price to have the necessary changes made to help 

the woman on the farm. It will be noted in the first 

place that the pump has been brought into the kitchen 

and has been placed alongside of the sink so that the 

woman can pump water directly into the dish-pan or 

any other utensil she may be using. This is a great 

step in advance over going outside to the well with 

a bucket, bringing it in, setting it on a bench and 

then dipping out the water required for different 

purposes. 

The sink pump is a great comfort and convenience. 

*Memphis representative Estate Stove Co. 

with screws; use bolts, for screws are bound to work 

loose from the constant working of the pump and this 

is what breaks the lead apart just below the joint. 

If a pump fails to hold up water, there is a leak 

in the pipe or the trouble is in the lower valve, Fig. 2. 

The plunger valve has nothing to do with it. 

If, when the pump is in good order, it fails to throw 

water, look lower down. I once knew of three different 

mechanics (?) who tried to make a pump work 

when there was not a drop of water in the cistern. 

Simple Hot Water Supply for Farm House 

Type of Outfit That Was Used With Satisfaction 

Before Modern Systems Were Known 

By John Lynch'' 

The pump, however, does not procure cold water only 

if it is piped as shown in the sketch. It will be 

noted that the pipe running from the pump delivers 

immediately to the storage tank F, when the valve C 

is opened and the valve E is closed. This fills the 

tank and with a little care it never overflows. Then 

from the bottom of this tank F a pipe is carried to 

the waterback where a pipe is carried from the waterback 

to the same connection on the side of the tank 

that received the cold water. 

Now in service if hot water is desired all the housewife 

has to do is to close the valve D, open the valve 

E and pump the water direct through the pipe G. If 

she wants cold water she closes the valve E and valve 

C and pumps directly through the faucet B. If the 

hot water is needed in the bathroom on the floor 

above, she closes the valves C and D, opens E and 

starts the pump going and pumps the water from the 

tank up to the bathroom where the bath is taken in the 

modern tub for the washtub is carried up for the purpose. 

In this way whether or not she has a reservoir 

on the range as shown, she has a supply of water 

which she can manipulate with advantage. And then, 

too, there is enough of it so that if she wants to do 

laundry work on Mondays it will keep heating without 

any special effort on her part beyond the operation 

of the pump, which she will have to work in any case 

where the water supply is not under pressure. 

Doubtless some of the readers have installed equipments 

of a similar nature or better and they mav be 

willing to bring to the attention of the readers something 

of what they have installed.

AUCUST 13, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FI 

Place These Red Cross Facts Before People in Small 

Towns and on Farms Needing Plumhing and 

Extend Health by Installing Sanitary Equipment 

Plumbing and Epidemic Prevention 

in Europe 

The plumber is the right man to take a Health Protection Message 

throughout the United States as the American Red Cross took it 

abroad and make the home water supply and waste disposal svstems 

safe in places where it is now a menace. 

T H E place of plumbing in the public welfare has 

been more clearly defined by the conditions arising 

out of, or laid bare because of the world war 

than ever before. Plumbing as an all-important factor 

in city sanitation and hygienic homes bids fair to 

achieve in the next decade as momentous a place as 

has proper understanding of dietetics and food values 

in the decade now passing. 

Wherever the American Red Cross relief units have 

been established in the stricken countries overseas, 

there plumbing conditions have undergone a grilling 

examination, with a resultant introduction of modern 

methods and improved health. The further East the 

investigation has taken its course, the more urgent, as 

a rule, has been the need of instruction in modern 

plumbing. 

Open wells, open sewers, contaminated water supplies 

and undrained streets—tliese have been pointed 

out wherever the symbol of the American Red Cross 

has flown, as the indices of a community's intelligence 

and progress or the lack thereof. And while 

the incalculable effects to be expected from the enlightenment 

of the public mind when these now bankrupt 

nations recover their economic balance will undoubtedly 

create a market for plumbing supplies and 

workers unprecedented in the history of Europe. 

Notable instances of how far behind our New 

World standards, even the acknowledged center of 

culture and art of the Old have fallen, have pointed 

out in the ease of modern Greece. In historic Athens, 

clustered at the foot of the renowned Acropolis, and 

the other classic ruins that mutely testify to the glory 

of the past, are hundreds of families living in filth 

and misery. Dooryard wells—fountains of disease 

—furnished the drinking water for dozens of households. 

Throughout the Balkans similar conditions 

obtained until the American Red Cross began spreading 

its propaganda of better health and modern standards 

of sanitation. 

In fact, but one case stands out in shining contrast, 

the city of Vienna. The vital statistics of the Austrian 

capital abundantly prove, by the absence of 

certain communicable diseases always prevalent in 

the other countries, that the plumbing of a munici 

209 

pality is the health thermometer that indicates that 

city's sanitary condition. Vienna furnishes an illustrious 

example of what can be done in conserving a 

people's health by properly piping in a pure water 

supplv and by constructing adequate sewers. For 

though Vienna, through famine and the pestilences 

spread by other causes, is to-day the "sick city of 

Europe," she nevertheless still remains comparatively 

immune from such scourges as cholera, typhoid and 

the kindred ills spread by open sewers. 

Vienna, long prior to the war, had achieved two 

municipal undertakings of first rank from the health 

standpoint. Sewage canals and a pure water supply. 

In the latter part of the 19th century, the city determined 

to discontinue the practice of using the Danube 

Canal and the Vienna River for sewage and constructed 

450 miles of "main gatherers," or overvaulted 

sewers, which joined the Danube in an uninhabited 

region some distance below the city. Thereafter 

typhus was brought under control and in 25 

years preceding the war it never caused higher than 

95 deaths per year out of the city's population of 

more than two million. These 95 cases may be 

ascribed to the fact that Vienna, a trade center of 

Europe, had always been a meeting place for the 

odds and ends of humanity from all the world. 

In addition to the sewage system the municipality 

purchased the watersheds of two mountain torrents 

in the region of Schneeberg. 100 miles to the southwest. 

P'rom these Alpine springs, with an elevation 

of 6.000 ft., the water flows under great pressure and 

is abundant, pure and cold. No citv has more delicious 

drinking water; cool enough to dispense with 

ice and of a flavor to make mineral water unnecessary. 

Thus, because of the excellence of her sewage disposal 

and the water supply, Vienna has not only safeguarded 

herself against typhoid, but also against the 

two other dreaded diseases formerly introduced from 

the Orient and spread in epidemic waves across Middle 

Europe, dysentery and Asiatic cholera. Since the 

installation of the new systems of sewage and water 

these two scourges have never gained a foothold in 

the citv.


Successful Combination 

Direct and Indirect Heating System 

FIG. 1. WATER SEAL BALL CHECK UNION ELBOW 

USED ON RADIATORS 

Vapor-Vacuum-Pressure Installation Comfortably 

Warms Large Mansion of 48 Rooms and Halls 

W H E N the heating system to be installed in a the additional advantage of complete control over the 

house is under discussion, usually only three amount of heat entering each radiator. It operates 

methods of heating are considered—steam, hot without pressure and most of the time under a par 

water and warm air. Occasionally, liowever, where 

the building is large, ease of management of the heating 

plant and range in temperature of the heating 

medium are desired, and it is realized that some systems 

have advantages, a vapor or vacuum system is 

investigated. 

The residence of Edward F. Leroy, Bernardsville, 

tial vacuum. 

Since this system depends for success upon the 

circulation of vapor or steam through the pipes and 

radiators and the presence of air is an obstructing 

force, the air must first be removed. The radiators 

have no air valves, but the air and the steam conden 

N. J., after considerable study of available outfits, sation are both carried off through a water seal ball 

was equipped with the Richardson vapor-vacuum sys check valve, as shown in Fig. 1, on the return connectem 

of heating by M. J. Doherty, Berna/dsville, N. J., tion at the bottom of each radiator and joined with the 

for which the necessary appliances are made by the main air pipe line which runs to the cellar. There 

Richardson & Boynton Co., 260 Fifth Avenue, New- fore, a return pipe line is required. 

York City. Vapor-vacuum systems have the quick The building in this case, which is "L" shape, is 

and positive heating effect of the gravity steam sys constructed of brick veneer on wood and topped with 

tem, with the mild low temperature of hot water and a slate roof. In the cellar a Richardson end feed sec- 

FIG. 3. AIR EXPELLER THAT PREVENTS 

RE-ENTRY OF AIR INTO SYSTEM 

f IG. I. PLAN OF LOWER FLOOR OF HOUSE, SHOWING 

LOCATION OF RADIATORS AND REGISTERS


iltism. 

hSoiSAAj *J; tomato Smog 

Water tine /*->j 

rf Boiler 

eradtcfsaertom? Check Voir, 

DETAIL V 

Method of Retajmg Air Return Lin 

and Connecting Air Expeller 

' bee 

DETAIL A 

L 

J",fi..». 

'"-/"/riser 

FIG. 2. LAY-OUT OF THE STEAM MAIN AND RETURN AIR LINES AND AIR CONNECTIONS TO INDIRECT RADIATORS 

tional steam boiler No. 369 is in service. This boiler 

has a capacity rating of 3,600 sq. ft. per 8 hr. and 

a grate area of 15.65 sq. ft. 

From a study of the piping shown in Fig. 2 it will 

be seen that the 5-in. main leading from the steam 

dome of the boiler runs to the right for a short distance, 

where it divides into 4% and 3-in. branches, 

thereby producing two circuits. The 4 1 /2" ul - line continues 

in the same general direction as the main, eventually 

encircling the entire right wing of the building 

and finally reduced in size to 2^ in. The 3-in. 

branch, after going directly back to the rear of the 

left section of the house, proceeds along the back and 

then forward on the further left side until nearly a 

complete round has been made. It ends a short distance 

from the boiler in a 2V-in. pipe. 

Note should be taken that each air and steam line 

return main starts as a 1-in. pipe where the first 

radiator is taken off the supply main, extends through, 

parallel with, and at the same pitch as the steam 

main and increases in size to take care of the added 

connections. The pitch of the piping in this installation 

is from a high point at the boiler 1 in. in 20 ft. 

for the main and for lateral and horizontal pipe 

branches 1 in. in 2 ft. 

|/fW 

Just beyond the last radiator of each circuit a 

horizontal swing cheek valve is located on the 2-in. 

return line and at a point between this check valve 

and the radiator a 1-in. air line is relayed to the 

high point and carried back to a Richardson air expeller 

and vacuum valve, as shown in detail A of Fig. 

2. This latter device, shown in Fig. 3, placed in 

the cellar at the end of the line, automatically releases 

the air from the system and closes by expansion 

as soon as steam or vapor reaches it, thus 

preventing waste of heat. Also the vacuum attachment 

prevents air re-entering through the air expeller 

when the svstem cools off. Finally the return 

main enlarges to 2^> in. before entering the 

boiler and is fitted with a horizontal swing check 

valve and a gate valve at this point. 

In the table i.s given the data by which the heating 

of this house was planned and particular note 

should be taken of the three rooms having indirect 

radiation. 

In room 101, Fig. 4, located in the extreme rightwing 

of the first floor a 14 x 18-in. floor register in 

each of the 4 corners discharges warm air supplied. 

from below through a 5 x 18-in. duct and stack. A 

5 x 36-in. fresh air inlet admits air from the outside

21: METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 13. 1920 

to supplv the two registers in the rear and a duplicate E. G. S. loses 85 B. t. u. per hour with a difference 

arrangement supplies two in the front of the room. of 70 deg. between indoor and outdoor temperatures, 

This 5 x 36-in. duct is so divided that half the enter then the total hourly losses for the room will be 

ing air is conveyed over the 90 sq. ft. of indirect 85 x 58 = 4,930 B. t. u. 

radiator surface placed beneath each register, as Sice this liouse has a vapor lieating system it may 

shown in Figs. 2 and 5. 

be safely assumed that each square foot of radiation 

Rooms 102 and 106, shown in Fig. 4, on each side surface gives off 230 B. t. u. per hour. Then to replace 

of the central hall, also indirectlv heated, have fresh the heat losses there would be required 22 sq. ft. of 

radiator surface. This figure is obtained by dividing 

SPECIAL RICHARDSON RETURH FITTINGS 4.930 B. t. u. by 230, the number of B. t. u. given off 

per hour by 1 sq. ft. of radiation surfaee. Allowing 

10 per cent additional radiation for the weather exposure, 

the total amount required to keep this room 

STEAM comiECTIOKat 70 deg. Fahr. in zero weather would be 24 sq. ft. 

The heating contractor has, however, allotted 32 

sq. ft. radiation for this room and similar generous 

allowances throughout the building to insure comfortable 

lieating during below zero weather and when 

high winds prevail. To control the supply of the 

lieating medium each radiator is equipped with a 

graduated supplv valve, as shown in Fig. 6. 

Room 102, which is indirectly heated, would require 

by the above method of calculation, 43 sq. ft. of direct 

radiation or with a 10 per cent, additional allowance 

for weather exposure, a total of 48 sq. ft. is obtained. 

A common rule for determining the amount of indirect 

radiation is to increase the computed direct radiation 

FIG. 5. TYPICAL CONNECTIONS FOR INDIRECT RADIATORS 

air inlet 5 x 30 in. and in the former, after passing 

over 150 sq. ft. of indirect radiator surface the warm 

air is conducted through 8 x 15-in. ducts and 5 x 24-in. 

stacks and discharged through two 9 x 24-in. registers 

placed in the rear exposed wall beneath the windows. 

For room 106, on the left of the hall, the fresh air, 

after passing over 150 sq. ft. of indirect radiator surface, 

enters a 7 x 18-in. duct and is discharged through 

two 12 x 18-in. floor registers located in the rear 

corners. All fresh air inlets mentioned are equipped 

with quadrant dampers for regulation of the inflow 

of outside air. 

The total cubic contents of the house is 70,225 cu. 

ft. with 5,905 sq. ft. exposed wall surface and 1,487 

sq. ft. of glass surface. Assuming 4 sq. ft. of wall 

surface equivalent to 1 sq. ft. of glass, the amount 

of wall surface can be expressed in terms of glass 

surface and when added to the actual glass surface 

gives the equivalent glass surface, or E. G. S. column 

of the table. Thus the total E. G. S. is 2.968 sq ft., 

thc total amount of direct radiator 1,339 sq. ft. and 

660 sq. ft. of indirect radiation. 

Examining the proportions found in the table it 

will be noted that the radiation-to-cubic-content column 

shows an extremely high ratio for the halls. This 

is quite permissible considering the small exposed wall 

surfaee and that the number of rooms connecting with 

the hall is large and therefore a large amount of heat 

finds its way from them across these corridors. 

As a typical illustration of the method pursued in 

calculating the direct radiation required for the different 

rooms, consider room 118. By reference to the 

table of radiation it will be noted that this room 

contains 2.860 cu. ft. of air and has 110 sq. ft. of 

exposed wall .-ind 30 sq. ft. of glass surface. The 

two last items converted to same thing give the 58 

sq. ft. E. G. S. recorded. If each square foot of 

by 50 per cent.. Applying it to this case, the indirect 

radiation should be 72 sq. ft., but it will be noticed 

from the accompanying table that 150 sq. ft. has been 

used. The reason for more than doubling the required 

amount of radiation was the desire of the owner 

to be assured of a warm home, the exposed position 

of the liouse, whicli is located on a high hill, with an 

open countrv surrounding it and the high winds and 

the severe cold weather which often prevails in the 

locality. 

1-IG. 6. RADIATORS EQUIPPED WITH GRADUATED SUPPLY- VALVE 

At first glance it would seem that a larger boiler 

than necessary was installed as at present only 2.000 

sq. ft. of radiation are in service, but allowing the 

usual specification of 50 per cent, above required 

radiation, for the boiler rating, then a boiler maintaining 

3.000 sq. ft. of radiation would be needed.


However, to take care of any over-rating on the part 

of the boiler manufacturer and some proposed future 

radiators a boiler having a rating of 3,600 sq. ft. was 

decided upon. 

This heating installation cannot be cited as an example 

of the rigid application of the general heating 

rules, but illustrates how when combined with common 

SCHEDULE OF RADIATION FOR LeROY RESIDENCE AT 

BERNARDSVILLE, N. J. 

Ratio of Rad. to 

|j fi? h! « fi." u w 

Rooms Dimensions M O J> &£ ^ Aa - 


Include Overhead Expense in Wage Charge 

Overhead Cost Should Be Added to the Cost of the Production Labor in Order 

By W. H. J. 

to Have It Included in the Total Cost of the Contract 

T H E R E is no easy road that leads to the end of 

the cost estimates of the manufacture of any commercial 

article, so to obtain easy and quick methods 

of calculating costs, one has to travel the hard road 

of experience and items and either of them are great 

obstructors. 

In estimating a contract the cost of material is the 

first element to be considered and calculated. Care 

should be used in proceeding with this element, for 

although not different, it is the cause of much loss by 

reason of a loose inspection of the items that enter 

into the work. The next element of cost is the cost 

of productive labor, also called direct labor and experienced 

labor, in other words, the tradesman. An 

impersonal estimator should not be allowed to make 

this estimate, for even under the most favorable circumstances 

it is more or less of a guess, based upon 

past experience in the length of time it took to do 

similar work. In large contracts this element of guess 

is fraught with great danger of a possible loss. Unusual 

care should be given to this element of production 

when determining its cost in a contract. The 

third element of cost in the contract is the cost of 

indirect labor, better known as overhead. This one 

element is a much-discussed one and its solution is 

about as far away as when the pro and con of it 

started. The reason for this is that while the solution 

is suitable for one kind of business it is not at all suitable 

for another kind. The solution given in this article 

is dependent upon the overhead cost being an addition 

to the cost of the productive labor. Before this 

may be done, what the sum of this element of cost is 

must first be found. To find it is not a difficult task 

but it is a tedious one and few care to go into it, 

though it would well repay them to do so. A few of 

the expense items which enter into the element of cost 

is given as follows and any items of expense that is 

not mentioned should be added, for one firm may have 

a certain expense that another firm may not have. 

Rent. Truck drivers' salaries. 

Insurance. Telephone and Telegraph ex- 

Light, penses. 

Freight, "inward." Stationery. 

Truck repairs. Taxes. 

Postage. Water rent. 

Miscellaneous expense. Heat. 

Salaries of officers. Auto truck, 10 per cent, for 

Bookkeepers' salaries. depreciation. 

Stenographers' salaries. Gasoline, oil and grease. 

Inside salesmen's salaries. Advertising and printing. 

Outside salesmen's salaries. Additional expenses not 

Errand boys' salaries. listed. 

Porters' salaries. 

The sum of the totals of all these items divided 

by the number of working days gives the daily sum 

of the expense and this sum divided by the number 

of productive men at work is the amount to be added 

to the wage of each per day. If desired the overhead 

may be subdivided into that of the hourly basis of 

wages. 

To illustrate the method: It is assumed the total 

of the items of expense are $2,700 per year and the 

number of working days are 300. Then the calculation 

is $2,700 divided by 300 equals $9 as the daily 

overhead expense and as there are 10 skilled men 

working every day each of them will have added to 

his wages for overhead expense $9 divided by 10 

equals 90 cents. A slight increase in this is permissible 

for loss of time on the part of the skilled 

workmen. 

Once this is determined as the daily overhead it is. 

added to the cost of the wage of the direct labor and 

the contractor makes the changes to suit the varying 

changes in the expense account. He need not worry 

over his expense burden not being taken care of and 

he need not be afraid of it being too great a sum. 

Bidding on contracts should not be done hastily nor 

in a haphazard manner. Every item should be "given 

a thorough going over as to its cost and the cost of 

placing it in its position. This method of quickly applying 

this element of cost to any line of business is 

done by merely determining the labor that shall be the 

productive labor. Each contract or repair job of any 

kind bears its proportion of the overhead burden or 

overhead expense. The small contractor may apply it 

equally successfully as the big one for his overhead 

expense will be in the proportion to the business done. 

Use of the Metric System in Norway 

A memorandum prepared bv the Norwegian Foreign 

Office, according to Consul-General Marion 

Letcher, Christiania, on the subject of the use of the 

metric system of weights and measures in Norway 

reads in part as follows: 

The international metric system is the onlv svstem accord- 

££._____} v e ' ghtS and measur « «n be adjusted in the 

Kingdom of Norway. 

The "fisketonne (fish barrel), a measure which has been 

m use for many years, contains 116 liters (liter=1.05 liquid 

quarts). The use of this measure is permitted in the sale 

offish and various other products, such as salt, tar, and 

spirits and other liquids. In the sale of cod roe for domestic 

consumption, measures of any size mav be used. In "ales 

of cod-liver oil, measures of any size under 46.4 liters may 

adjusTment meaSUr£S "* h ° WeVer ' not Sub ect to 

J 

The tendency seems to be in the direction of making the 

international metric system the only svstem of weights and 

measures used in the country. 

s ' 

In the retail trade the "pund" is used as the equivalent 

of half a liter.




plexing problems---the Place to 




SERVK__riS"GKATIS 

FROM P. M. G., ST. JOHN, N. B.—Near St. John. 

I have a job changing a dirt and shaving system. We 

are placing the receiver just over the boiler and while 

the pressure from a double blower is about right to 

clean the discharge pipe, the amount 

How Can of air entering the boiler is far too 

Volume of Air much. It eats up the coal, makes it 

Be Decreased? very hard to keep up steam. I would 

appreciate it if you would let me 

know as soon .as possible if the receiver is too small 

GIVES Too MUCH Am 

IT-O" To 

toiler Top^ 

to allow the shaving and dirt to drop into the fire 

with as little wind as possible and what the proper 

size of receiver should be. 

NOTE—The volume of air entering fire-box of boilers 

through discharge pipe (C) in this job seems to 

ta too great, indicating excessive pressure in chamber 

(B), which'can be released by enlarging vent tube 

(A), however, we present this to our readers for such 

information as their experience suggests. 

FROM A. V. B., DAKOTA.—When I stated that I 

had a customer who wanted to place his hot water 

storage tank or kitchen range boiler in the bathroom 

it is possible I did not make myself clear, as the 

answers given do not touch the point on which I 

sought aid. He does not care how much 

Connecting heat he gets. " I am sending a sketch 

Heater with and I would like to know what changes 

Range Boiler to make, if any are necessary, to inin 

Bathroom sure satisfactory service to my customer. 

I want the arrangement of piping 

so as to get hot water at the kitchen sink, the 

bathtub, the lavatory and the laundry tubs, practically 

as soon as the faucets are opened. If the furnace 

and laundry stove piping is so arranged that 

either or both will heat the water in the range boiler, 

it will be satisfactory. Will there be any difficulty 

in setting the hot water down to the kitchen sink and 

laundry tubs, which seems to be a long distance to 

travel. I generally put the range boiler near the 

RANGE 

Note.- Kanqe t__ed for 

heating water in summer 

BOILER IX BATHROOM 

heater and think it is a better arrangement. But I 

would be glad to hear from those who have had experience 

in connecting range boilers under unusual 

conditions as to what changes I should make in the 

diagram shown to insure giving my customer satis 

faction.

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAMFITTER AUGUST 13, 1920 


Managing a Rush Business 

N O more important matter can engage the atten 

tion of the business man at the present time 

than reflecting over the changes in the manage 

ment of the rush of business that will come in this 

fall whicli his past experience has demonstrated nec 

essary to him. It is the most natural thing in the 

world to follow the old trend whieh has invariably led 

him to a congestion and an explosion when the pa 

tience of both the customer and tliose who serve him 

have been tried to the limit. Everv indication this 

fall points to a shortage of goods, a delay in their de 

livery when ordered from the manufacturer and fewer 

men to do the work than required to handle it with 

the dispatch that would please everybody who has a 

job to do. 

Better Methods Needed 

the fellow who does work for the customer has annoy 

Under the circumstances, it is most natural to expect 

the old method to break down. The man who 

ances in the form of dull tools, a shortage of supply 

thinks this over and arranges some sy.stem whereby and apparently little consideration to his needs. 

lie can keep track of the things required for various Everybody must be kept in a good humor, no matter 

customers ordered from different houses and arriv 

ing at different times and the goods required for 

partly completed jobs will be ready when goods come 

in to place them so that the job is complete. There 

must not be too much clerical work for those called 

on to do it. They will neglect it in the rush for their 

services, or the customer will take his departure be 

fore the record is correctly made. However, there 

must be records and probably in triplicate form, and 

some method must be devised for keeping track of 

the multiplicity of things whieh several orders from 

customers is sure to bring with them. 

An Old Head Is Better 

other work is concerned, and it requires patience and 

vigilance to prevent their method bringing an exces 

sive burden as the result. 

These things are pointed out so as to show the 

tradesmen that he must make preparations if he 

wishes to avoid friction among his help and friction 

with his customers, and to insure that handling of the 

business which requires the least expense and there 

fore adds accordingly to the profit. 

Be Sure of a Profit 

No customer should be served without bringing in 

a profit, because the business is conducted for the 

purpose of making a profit as well as for giving satis^ 

faction to those served. The best possible service is 

rendered when capable satisfied employees are so 

handled that their burdens are reduced, because even 

what the strain upon the man who sits in a private 

office in the armchair. 

Insulating Material 

T H E R E will be just as great need for using insu 

lating material on heating apparatus as there was 

before the experiments at the University of Il 

linois demonstrated that one thickness of asbestos 

paper wrapped around a warm-air furnace pipe trans 

mitted more heat than the bare pipe. This is no new 

thought to those who have had experience in earlier 

days. It simply means that a better material or a 

material better adapted to the purpose must be se 

This i.s hardly the job for an impatient youngster 

lected, and for such cases an air cell covering, as it 

unless there is some care in handling him so that the 

is commonly ealled in the trade, removes all cause 

pressure will not appear unreasonable to him. There 

for criticism. It means that the lieating contractor 

must be that discipline among the workers which will 

must explain the difference to his customers and se 

induce every one to give proper consideration to their 

cure the price that will enable him to use the charac 

co-operators. Sometimes the most efficient men in 

ter of insulation which will render the service that 

some lines of work are the most negligent so far as the insulation is expected to give.

AUGUST 13, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

Intention at the National Trade Extension Bureau to Secure 

Equitable Adjustment of Premium Rates 

Collecting Compensation Insurance Facts 

IT is the desire of the National Trade Extension 

Bureau to secure from plumbing and heating contractors 

all over the country facts drawn from the 

contractor's own experience as to the cost of premiums 

for workmen's compensation insurance. The purpose 

is for T. E. B. to summarize and compare the 

facts so secured, with a view to making a definite 

effort to secure a reduction of rates, to make this 

insurance less expensive, and to get the cost more 

fairly proportioned to the risk involved to the insurance 

companies. 

The effectiveness of this T. E. B. campaign will 

depend entirely upon the amount of intelligent cooperation 

that T. E. B. receives in the matter from 

the plumbing and lieating contractor. On the one 

hand, if the contractor says to himself: "Oh, I don't 

need to send in my figures, there will be thousands of 

ethers that they will get, and they won't need mine," 

the result is going to be that the number of facts and 

figures placed at the disposal of T. E. B. will be 

pitifully small compared to the needs of the situation; 

and the results in favor of the plumbing and heating 

contractor will be just as pitifully small. 

On the other hand, if every plumbing and lieating 

contractor takes an intelligent and progressive view 

of this matter such as it deserves, a great majority 

of them will send the necessary facts and figures, ana 

the possibilities of favorable results of the campaign 

will be very largely increased. 

What are you, Mr. Contractor, going to do about 

it? Yes, we mean you, yourself, Mr. Contractor— 

you, not your competitor or neighbor, but YOU! Are 

you going to sit down and take the few minutes 

necessary to send in the facts and figures which will 

be asked for, or are you going to "Let George do it," 

with the inevitable result that George will "pass the 

buck," just the same as you have done? 

If you and George and all of the other Georges 

"pass the buck" frequently enough, the result will be 

"nothing doing." Contrarywise, if you and George 

and all of the other Georges "ante up" properly, sit 

into the game, draws cards, and then play your hand. 

the pot is going to be big enough to make everybody 

a winner. 

Every plumbing and heating contractor on the mailing 

list of T. E. B. will receive a very attractive 

card which will embody a list of questions on this subject 

and T. E. B. wants these questions answered by 

every plumbing and heating contractor who receives 

tliem. The questions will be perfectly plain and 

easily answered. The reverse side of the card will 

carry a worth-while message to every man in the industry—one 

which will be worthy of being made a 

permanent part of your office or shop decorations. 

For the information of any contractor who reads 

this article, and who may happen not to be on the 

National Trade Extension Bureau's mailing list, the 

questionnaire whieh is to be sent out by T. E. B. 

concerning this matter is printed here as follows: 

First. How many men in your employment 

were injured last fall? 

Second. What was the nature of the injury? 

Third. Were they injured in or out of the 

shop ? 

Fourth. State amount each workman drew 

from an insurance company as compensation. 

Fifth. Give the amount you paid the insurance 

company as a premium on your policy. 

Sixth. Were the injured men journeymen, 

helpers, laborers, sewer men or other help? 

Seventh. State the rate you are paying as 

premiums to the insurance company for each 

$100 of payroll. 

Proper answers to these questions from every 

plumbing and heating contractor in the United States 

will put T. E. B. in a position of discovering whether 

or not the insurance companies have been profiteering 

in their rates for this compensation insurance. With 

the information thus supplied T. E. B. ean furnish 

the National Associations with ammunition to attack 

excessive rates by intelligent appeals to state and 

national governments. 

And by the wa;—if you are not on the mailing list 

cf the National Trade Extension Bureau, although 

you are legitimately engaged in either the plumbing 

and heating game, vou ought to get your name on that 

list without delav. To do this it is only necessary to 

drop a postal card or letter to the National Trade 

Extension Bureau, 407 Mercantile Bank Building, 

Evansville, Ind., giving them your proper firm name 

and address, including street address, and the names 

of two or more supply houses from whom you buy 

material, and stating whether you do plumbing only,, 

heating only, or both. 

Not of That Trade 

A well-known buver in a Philadelphia department 

store, who is also a book lover with a considerable 

library was lending a valuable volume to a friend of 

his and being a victim of those who borrow books and 

never return them, he thought he would request his 

friend not to forget to return the book. "Now, said 

the buver, "I am going to lend you this book, and 1 

hope vou do not forget to return it, because so many 

people, through carelessness, keep the books I loan 

them." , 

"Oh don't worrv about that, answered the borrower." 

"You see", I'm not a bookkeeper, I'm a 

plumber."


Heating and Plumbing Trade Outing 

"*JH 

MvH 

_____?' J 1^'fiH 

JOHN G. KELLY 

PRESIDENT 

•P_#V__J" t__HI' _B r\ I 

t*4 _>__f_/l H 

HABRY L. COHEN 

CHAIRMAN 

SAUL RENDELSTEIN 

JULIUS COHEN 

Greater New York Association of Jobbers Spend 

Joyus Day at Glenwood-on-the-Sound. Eek and 

Beefsteak Breakfast, Shore Dinner, Baseball Game 

Sports and African Golf Featured the Gathering 

T H E size of a man's heart is only determined by 

mental perception and this is particularly true 

of Harry L. Cohen, who had a great deal to do 

with uniting the jobbers of New York City and 

Brooklyn into an organization that is beneficial alike 

to the welfare of the manufacturer and the distributors 

of products in the plumbing and lieating line. It 

was through his good offices that the Greater New 

York Association of Jobbers of Plumbing and Steam 

Heating Supplies became a fixed fact. 

Its past presidents include A. K. Sage, of W. A. 

Case & Son Mfg. Co., Brooklyn, and Edward Smolka, 

of E. Smolka Plumbing Supply Co., New York City; 

and its honorary member is L. O. Koven, of L. O. 

Koven & Brother, Jersey City. The present officers 

are: President, J. G. Kelly, of Pierce, Butler & 

Pierce Mfg. Corp., New York City; vice-president, 

M. W T einsier, of Saltser & Weinsier, Brooklyn; treasurer. 

Henry Schumacher, of McElraevy & Hauck 

Co., Brooklyn; secretary, Frank S. Hanley, 261 

Broadway, New York City. The executive committee 

includes the officers and M. Behrer, of Behrer & 

Co., New York; F. H. Boardman, of J. D. Johnson 

Co., Brooklyn; C. V. Driggs, of C. V. Driggs, Inc., 

New York; H. D. Gasner, of Simon Gasner & Sons 

Co., Brooklvn; H. Greenberg, of Louis Greenberg, 

New York;C, O. Ketcham, of The F. N. Dubois Co., 

Inc., New York; E. A. London, of United Plumbers' 

Supply Co., New York, and Robert Smolka, of Sam 

S. Glauber, Inc., New York. 

At a meeting some time since President Kelly appointed 

Harry L. Cohen chairman of the outing committee 

with power to increase the size as required. 

Mr. Cohen is one of those happy mortals who though 

born without the use of his legs, has nevertheless the 

spirit, the courage and the intelligence to serve a most 

useful purpose, and yet he traveled about considerably 

on Cohen legs as Julius Cohen, one of the members 

of his committee, took him on his back and carried 

him to different points of the outing where the 

chairman should naturally be. Saul Rendelstein was 

treasurer of the committee and other members were 

Henry Gassner, E. Smolka, J. H. Willis and Frank 

S. Hanley. The last notice for the outing was to the 

effect that the party would congregate at the J. D. 

Johnson's plant at the end of the Queensboro Bridge, 

in Long Island City, where automobiles would take 

the party to Karatsonyi's Hotel, Glenwood-on-the- 

Sound. 

About 10 o'clock, in spite of unhappy weather conditions, 

the party started and before the day was 

over there was plenty of sunshine in the air as well 

as in the countenances of those who participated. 

There was a big turnout with plenty of automobiles 

to take the entire party. On the arrival the breakfast 

coupons were torn off from the ticket and after 

doing full justice to some splendidly served and prepared 

eels and fine beefsteak the party was ready for 

the baseball games and the athletic sports. President 

John G. Kelly acted as umpire in a game between the 

manufacturers and the jobbers, which finally resulted 

in a win for the manufacturers with a score of 12 to 7. 

It was a tie until the last inning, when Henry W. 

Letcher was sent in to bat with three men on the 

bases and a home run in the right field cleared the 

bases and added to the score and still another run 

was made which made the final score 12 to 7. Strange 

to say. nobody was dissatisfied. Mr. Letcher was 

given hearty applause.


At the close of the ball game Julius Cohen, aided 

by Saul Rendelstein and Henry Gassner, took care 

of the athletic sports and Arthur Berger, of George 

P. Jacobs, showed considerable speed for a fat man 

and was awarded a safety razor for his velocity in 

locomotion. Charles Shannon won the 100-yd. dash 

with something to spare and was awarded a pipe. 

The shot-put showed that George Potter had had 

considerable experience and practice as he almost 

doubled the distance by the otlier amateurs and as 

result was given an ash tray. The baseball team and 

Henry W. Letcher were all given fountain pens for 

winning their game. Then the party went back to 

Karatsonyi's and sat down to clams, chicken and 

everything that makes up a first-class shore dinner, 

and there was plenty of sociability and good spirit. 

No man expressed a wish for anything that was not 

served promptly by some one of his fellow members 

and at the close of the dinner Frank Hanley asked 

for some quietness and got a merry ha-ha! Yet when 

he said that Harry L. Cohen wanted to award the 

prizes, immediately the good-will and the respect for 

Mr. Cohen was manifested in quietness and afforded 

him the opportunity to award the prizes. 

This closed the festivities, although some mention 

should be made of the fact that some splendid prizes 

were secured by those who indulged in African golf 

and there was another great American game which 

left some lighter and some heavier in the pocket, so 

that the day was well spent by everybody and the 

parting was made with good feeling all around. 

Milwaukee Sheet Metal Contractors 

President O. A. Hoffman was in the chair at the 

regular August meeting of the Master Sheet Metal 

Contractors' Association of Milwaukee, Wis., and announced 

the election of Eugene Stachowiak, Charles 

Mueller and Kehm & Burbach as new members. The 

members were informed that John Bogenberger, chairman 

of the Trade Development Committee, was desirous 

of having reports to that committee, including the 

drawings and specifications, in his hands in November. 

It was also ordered that the secretary call attention 

in the notice of the next meeting to the advertising 

being done in the Sentinel's Trade Review. On motion 

of John Bogenberger, seconded by E. B. Tonnsen, 

the committee was authorized to investigate the advisability 

of insuring with the Hardware Mutual Association. 

The committee appointed for the work was 

Paul L. Biersaeh, chairman, and Edward Hoffman. 

The picnic committee reported that everything was 

ready for the annual outing at Mequon on Aug. 11. 

Trenton Plumbers' Outing August 17 

Announcement is made by the outing committee of 

the Trenton Master Plumbers' Association, consisting 

of W. S. Dignan, Daniel Sisti and Herman Westphal, 

that the annual outing will be held in Springdale Park 

on Tuesday, Aug. 17, and that the dinner will be 

served at 1:00 P. M. daylight saving time and the 

purpose of the committee is to have every one amply 

provided for. It is the intention to have everybody 

on the grounds as early as possible so as to make it a 

219 

real day of pleasure with no shop talk allowed. At 

3 :00 o'clock there will be a baseball match between the 

salesmen and the master plumbers. There is the further 

statement: "If you can break blue rocks, bring 

your gun along." This i.s the character of a sporting 

event whicli has not had the attention at outings that 

might well be given it. Those who arrive in Trenton 

are advised to take the Yardville trolley at State and 

Broad Streets and to be at the grounds on time The 

tickets are $5 each and can be secured on payment 

from W. S. Dignan, 256 Spring Street. Trenton, 

N. J. 

S 

Activities for Maryland Plumbers and Friends 

"On our way down the bay, don't forget the outing 

day, Tuesday, Aug. 17," is the way the invitation is 

being sent to the members of the Master Plumbers' 

Association of the State of Marvland. 

THIS will be the day of all days". It's the annual outing 

of the Association of Master Plumbers at Altoona Beach, 

Stony Creek. 

This is the outing vou voted for, to be given to all members 

of our association complimentary—absolutely free of 

cost to you. 

SPECIAL—Bring your wives, sweethearts and friends. Let 

them enjoy this pleasure with you beeause Plumbei-dom 

always does things right. Just recall the good time we 

had at our last outing. This is going to be better than the 

last one. 

This will cost your family and friends one dollar and 

twenty-five cents per capita. 

FUN FOR ALL BY OUR PEP COMMITTEE—Our "jazz band" 

will be tnere in all its glory. Dancing on boat and grounds. 

Special entertainment feature for ladies will exceed that 

of last year. Come and be a prize winner. 

Men, we like to see you race and do other stunts for 

that box of cigars. 

ALL IN ALL IT'S GOING TO BE SOME DAY—Buffet 

luncheon. 

Let's go—The way to go is on the steamer leaving the 

Stonv Creek Steamboat Co. wharf on the west side of the 

Recreation Pier, foot of Broadway, Baltimore, Md., at 2 

p. m., returning, leave Altoona Beach at 8:30 p. m. Tickets 

can be had from the chairman of the outing committee. 

Get them at once at his place of business or at our next 

regular meeting on Aug. 12. This is very important, we 

can't make a success unless you act promptly. 

Hip Hip Hurray—Root for the success of this occasion. 

Peanuts in abundance. 

Arrangements have been made for the care and parking 

of autos. 

SUPPORT YOUR COMMITTEE. 

Yours for success, 

WM. F. MYERS, Chairman, 

'Phone Madison 7299. 238 Wilson Street. 

ALLEN W. BEAM, THEO. BUNNECKE, SAM E. HOUCK. CHAS. 

Unfilled T. KING, L. Tonnage B. MARSHALL, of Sheet WM. F. Producers 

MYLANDER. 

AUG. V. EIDMAN. 

Independent sheet producers identified with the 

National Association of Sheet and Tin Plate Manufacturers 

are booked ahead for the rest of the year, it 

was stated at the monthly meeting in Youngstown. 

Ao-gregate unfilled tonnage on books of affiliated makersis 

in excess of 800,000 tons, wliich compares with 

a monthly production capacity of 150,000 tons. Unshipped 

output is about 100,000 tons. Production is 

averaging 70 per cent. Walter W. Lower, of Pittsburgh, 

secretary-treasurer, was in charge of the convention 

in the absence of President W. S. Horner.

220 METALWORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCUST 13. 1920 

THE GLOBE METAL PRODUCTS CORPORATION, Sheboy 


gan, Wis., has increased its capital stock from 

$200,000 to $300,000 to finance extensions now being 

completed and accommodate its increasing 


business. 

THE EDWARDS MFG. Co., Third and Eggleston Avenues, 

Cincinnati, metal products for building construction, 

is having plans prepared for a four-story 


building. 95 x 305 ft. 

THE CANADIAN INCINERATOR & FURNACE CO., LTD., 

E. F. HAYDEN, who travels through Maine in the inToronto. 

Ont.. has been awarded the contract for 

terest of the plumbing and heating supply lines car an oil-burning plate furnace to be erected in the 

ried by the Smith & Abbott Co.. Portland, Me., an boiler shop of the E. Leonard & Sons. Ltd.. Lonnounces 

that he finds it impossible this year to atdon, Ont. The conipany is adding up-to-date equiptend 

the annual field day of the Maine Master ment to its plant for stamping boiler heads, etc. 

Plumbers' Association, which will occur on Aug. 16. 

The question naturally arises: How can it be successful, 

and the answer is that the Maine Sales New England Foundries Short of Coke 

men's Association will exert themselves to prevent 

In former years some of the largest foundries in 

any shortage of good spirit and an effort to develop 

New England always carried large coke reserve stocks. 

more real enjoyment with so popular a member of 

To-day there is no such thing. A great majority of 

the force awav. Mr. Ha3'den says business con 

the foundries have not more than one month's supply 

tinues good but the conditions under which it is 

on hand, and in some instances not more than a week's. 

handled are distressing, alike to the man who takes 

The latter are simply struggling along on the edge 

the order and the man who gives it. It is also clear 

of an enforced shutdown. The situation is not spotty, 

that he is one of the America First men in his ob 

but general throughout New England. 

servations in reference to the coming election. 

Present indications are the coke supply situation 

H. A. ERKKSON has engaged with the American Heat 

will continue strained for several months. The New 

ing Supply Co.. Rockford. 111., and is in cliarge of 

England Coal & Coke Co., during and since the war, 

the construction department which, he writes, has 

has supplied the bulk of foundry coke consumed. To 

all the work it can handle. 

day it is operating but 260 of its -t00 ovens and pro 

S. GREENBAUM, president of the Ideal Sheet Metal 

ducing not more than 1,400 tons average per day. Of 

Works, 217 North Morgan Street. Chicago, 111., 

this 1,400 tons, between 500 and 600 tons are shipped 

took an auto trip in Michigan last week, combin 

to foundries, the rest being consigned to public utiliing 

business with pleasure. 

ties that must be kept operating notwithstanding the 

D. HANDELAN, who conducts a combination shop in 

Aberdeen, S. D., was a visitor to Chicago last 

shortage of bituminous. 

The New England Coal & Coke Co. could operate 

week in the interest of a new warm-air furnace 

more ovens provided it could secure coking coals. Re 

system that he has designed and patented. 

cently it paid $20.90 per ton for coal alongside Ever 

E. H. TEMPLETON, of Buck Stove & Range Co.. St. 

ett, Mass., as compared with $20.90 per ton, its de 

Louis, Mo., has been enjoying a short vacation at 

Troutsville, Colo., in connection with a Western 

livered price on foundry coke where the freight does 

business trip. 

not exceed $2.40 per ton. With bituminous selling at 

$17 to $18 per ton f. o. b. Hampton Roads, which 

SHEET METAL AND FURNACE IN means $21 to $22 alongside Boston, it does not look 

as though coke will be more plentiful and cheaper in 

DUSTRY 

the near future. 

THE ROHN FURNACE WORKS, INC., Portland, has The Providence Gas Co. is having its difficulties in 

been incorporated for $10,000 by C. A. Rohn, W. securing coking coals even at going market prices and 

D. Richards and others. It will manufacture fur recently was obliged to cut its production 40 per cent. 

naces and machinery. 

Some Connellsville coke is selling to and finding its 

way into New England, but general transportation 

conditions are such that the uncertainties attending 

the purchase of such coke are so great as to discourage 

any pronounced buving movement. 

THE FORT PAYNE STOVE & FOUNDRY CO., Fort Pavne, 

Ala., is planning to immediately rebuild its plant, 

recently destroyed by fire. 

THE M. & S. RADIATOR CO.. Albany. N. Y., has been 

organized by (J. E. and A. N. Sperry to manufacture 

radiators for automobiles and other sheet metal 

products. 

THE PLANT AND BUSINESS of the Maryland Pressed 

Steel Co., Hagerstown, Md.. a subsidiary of the 

Poole Engineering & Machine Co., Woodberry, Baltimore, 

has been acquired by new interests. The 

purchasers will continue operations as heretofore, 

specializing in the manufacture of pressed steel 

parts. A new department will be added for the 

manufacture of electrical machinery and parts. 

New Classification Lists Available 

The National Association of Waste Material Dealers, 

with office in the Times Building, New York City, 

has prepared two classifications covering old metals 

and scrap rubber, which can be secured by addressing 

the secretary, Charles M. Haskins. Tliose who deal 

in old metals and old rubber and other material may 

be interested as these classifications are expected to 

be effective until July 1. 1921.


Furnace Makers' 

Proceedings Issued 

The bound volume of the proceedings of the seventh 

annual convention of the National Warm-Air 

Heating and Ventilating Association, held in Cleveland 

April 21, has been sent to the members by Secretary 

Allen W. Williams. It gives a list of those 

who were in attendance and also a list of trade names 

on furnaces and asks for additional names and corrections. 

It contains interesting matter brought to 

attention by President W. G. Wise, communications 

which include an editorial from METAL WORKER, 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER, the report of the secretary 

and the executive committee with its budget 

of expense. Then follow the addresses made by 

Professor A. C. Kratz and V. S. Day. who conducted 

the research work at the Engineering Experimental 

Station of the L'niversity of Illinois, Urbana, 111., and 

this part of the book contains much valuable information. 

There are also papers on "Keresone as a Fuel 

for Home Heating'' by A. B. Frenier of the Steam 

Corporation of Chicago; on "The General Proposition 

of Credits" by B. G. Watson, the association 

counsel; "The Commercial Side of Our Industry" 

by Edward Norris of the Utica Heater Co., and matters 

on testing the pipeless furnace by Professor 

Willard. Other papers are "The Industrial Side of 

Our Industry" bv W. D. Cover of Schill Bros. Co., 

Crestline, Ohio, and the presentation and discussion 

of the contract with the University of Illinois. 

Probable Increased Cost of Iron and Steel 

No verv clear line vet is to be had on the probable 

increase in costs which is entailed in the new railroad 

freight rates which become effective probably on September 

1. Some of the independent steel companies 

figure that the new tariffs will mean increases in the 

cost of producing steel of $2 to $5 per ton, but such 

estimates are based upon the rather incomplete data 

that as yet are available. When the actual rates are 

made up, it may prove tbat such estimates, particularly 

of $5 per "ton. are too high, for attention is being'drawn 

to the fact that the increases do not weigh 

heavily upon ore or coal. The freight rate on ore 

from the mines to the upper lake docks is not to be 

changed and coal freight rates are not given a straight 

percentage boost, but are to be increased in groups 

though the increase may be sufficient to yield the same 

aggregate increase in revenue that would accrue to a 

flat percentage increase applicable to all fields. 

Figuring on the 40 per cent increase granted the 

railroads in the Eastern group, it is calculated that 

Valley pipe-iron producers are confronted with an 

increase in costs of about $1.50 per ton, varying with 

the age and average producing costs of the different 

stacks. Good practice in a modern furnace making 

basic iron would entail the use of 1.8 tons of ore, 

about 1 ton of coke and about 1,400 lb. of limestone. 

A 40 per cent increase on the present rates for these 

quantities would add 58 cents to the cost of the ore 

required, 72 cents in the cost of getting a ton of coke 

to the Valley furnaces and 24 cents to the charge for 

transporting the limestone. This makes a total of 

$1.54 and applies only to basic iron, where costs are 

lowest. On Bessemer and foundry grades the costs 

would be higher because of the greater amount of fuel 

required in making these grades. 

In view of the fact that most steel company blast 

furnaces are fairly modern and capable of low costs 

through good practice, it would seem as if $1.50 amply 

would cover the increase in freight costs, and with 

allowance for losses in the conversion of the iron into 

steel that an advance in the latter cost of $5 per ton 

is somewhat larger than necessary to cover the increased 

rates. 

It may be stated that some of the independent 

companies already are figuring the increased freight 

rates in their quotations, but the course of the United 

States Steel Corporation in the matter is not clear, 

although the impression is gained that it will continue 

to quote the March 21, 1919. prices and absorb the 

rise in the cost of production. 

Excelsior Salesmen Meet 

An important conference of salesmen of the Excelsior 

Steel Furnace Co. was held in Chicago last 

week for the purpose of considering ways and means 

of marketing the Excelsior monopipe pedestal 

register. 

This heating device has been sold in large numbers 

during the past two years in connection with Excelsior 

furnaces, but will, in future, be furnished separately 

and as soon as a sufficient number can be 

accumulated a campaign of publicity will be launched 

whicli will bring the attention of dealers and the 

public to the merits claimed for it by tbe makers. 

It is asserted that due to the almost complete ab 

sence of friction the circulation obtained with this 

register is so rapid that great economy in the consumption 

of fuel is secured. 

The warm air is discharged at a point 12 in. above 

the floor and tliere is no conflict between the warm 

and return air currents. 

The apparatus is not only a heating device but an 

artistic piece of furniture which will ornament any 

room. It is made wholly of metal. 

Those participating in the conference, which lasted 

three days, were C, L. Pontius, A. Kuntz; S. E. Colby, 

F E. Woollev, C. L. Burch, Joseph Goldberg, \. . K 

Lawson, Leonard Snowden. J. P. Brooks. R. W. 

Menk. F. E. Ford, A. G. Scherer, C. E. Glessner and 

A. W. Glessner. 

Owing to vacations and other matters, several salesmen 

of the company were unable to be present, but 

will be called together at a later date. 

Excelsior representatives who have been oft the 

road for some time will resume traveling at once. 

Mathematics 

Add the good features 

Subtract the bad ones 

Divide by tbe price 

Multiply by tlie demand 

Total—Satisfied customers 

Increased profits.

METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTEl! AUGUST 13, 1920 


THE JULV NUMBER of the Monthly Service Bulletin 

of the National Trade Extension Bureau is, as 

usual, full of suggestions and instructions from 

which the plumbing and heating contractor can derive 

a profit if he will utilize them. There is something 

on bookkeeping, methods of selling, use of 

telephone to make sales, samples of advertisements. 

and it is accompanied with an article which gives 

the experience of a salesman who was in need of a 

job that salesmen may read with advantage. It 

seems to serve all who are identified with the industry 

in any way. 

THE SIPHON-VALVE FLUSH CO., Allentown, Pa., has 

been organized to manufacture valves, flush tanks 

and kindred specialties. It is headed by Charles 

L. Lehnert, Catasauqua, and Joseph P. Seeds, Allentown. 

THE MILWAUKEE BOILER Co., 220 Oregon Street. 

Milwaukee, established 30 years ago, is succeeded 

by the Milwaukee Boiler Mfg. Co., capitalized at 

$200,000, organized to further develop the industry. 

It is negotiating for a site for a new plant, 

the present works having been outgrown and not 

being capable of adequate enlargement. Construction 

work probably will be undertaken before the 

end of the year. Officers of the new corporation 

are: President and general manager, W. D. Johnson; 

vice-president. Otto A. Ehbe; secretary-treasurer. 

Walter F. Mueller, all of whom have been 

associated with the old concern for many years. 

The conipany will continue to specialize in the manufacture 

of large boilers, tanks and heavy plate 

work. 

THE AMERICAN BLOWER CO. has purchased the foundry 

of the Lane & Bodley Co. at Tennessee Avenue 

and the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad in the Bond 

Hill section of Cincinnati. It is stated that it contemplates 

the removal of its foundry department 

from Detroit to this city. Labor conditions in Detroit 

are said to have had a great deal to do with 

the decision of the company to locate in Cincinnati. 

The property purchased includes 21 acres, with 

buildings containing about 90.000 sq. ft. of floor 

space. It is the intention to take immediate possession 

of the property and by the first of the year 

500 men will be employed. 

THE VAPOR STOVE Co., Lima. Ohio, is planning for a 

one-s'tory plant. 100 x 200 ft., for the nianufacture 

of oil-burning equipment. W. DeKalb Holland 

Block, is engineer. 

FOR THE BENEFIT OF LSERS of Eveready welding and 

cutting apparatus who desire special information on 

any particular phase of the industry, tlie Oxweld 

Acetylene Co., 3610 Jasper Place. Chicago. 111.. 

announces a series of small printed pamphlets containing 

matter excerpted from the Eveready instruction 

book and catalog. Among the subjects 

readv for distribution are: Directions for Operating 

Lead Burning Equipment, 12 pages; for 

Welding. 12 pages, and for Cutting. S pages. Each 

pamphlet contains a detailed list of parts comprising 

the equipment treated. 

THE ABRAM Cox STOVE CO., 736-738 West Monroe 

Street, Chicago, 111., is issuing a new catalog under 

the number 73, which comprehensively illustrates 

its line of Novelty warm air pipeless and combination 

furnaces, room lieaters, coal and combination 

ranges, heating stoves, hot water supply and laundry 

boilers, round, side seam sectional and smokeless 

steam and hot water boilers, Fortune gas ranges 

and gas water heaters. These products form a remarkably 

complete line from whicli the dealer can 

make his selection, no matter what type of apparatus 

is called for. The Novelty cooking and heating 

appliances are all made from flex-o-tuf iron, 

which is made under an exclusive process developed 

by the company's engineers and in which the highest 

grades of pig iron are so blended that the castings 

possess a remarkable degree of toughness and 

flexibility. As the dealer is freely assisted by the 

advertising service and engineering department, 

these goods present an interesting proposition for 

the trade. 

THE ESDA MFG. Co., 280 Madison Avenue, New York 

City, manufacturers of hot water heaters, gas appliances, 

etc., has leased a plant at Garwood, N. J., 

formerly occupied by the Powers & Robinson Co.. 

for new works. 

FROELICH BROTHERS, INC., 147 North Seventh Street. 

Philadelphia, manufacturer of pipe, plumbing 

equipment, fittings, etc., has awarded contract to 

Potts Brothers & Cooperson, 129 North Eleventh 

Street, for a one-story building on Tenth Street. 

near Erie Avenue, 30 x 113 ft. 

THE IDEAL HEAT & DRAFT REGULATOR CO., 419 East 

Twenty-second Street. New York City, manufacturer 

of heating equipment, has filed notice of dissolution 

under its New York charter. 

THE LANGE BOILER CO., Elyria, Ohio, has been incorporated 

with a capital stock of $100,000 by H. 

J. Lange, Lorain; J. A. Lucas, Elyria, and others. 

It contemplates the erection of a plant for the 

manufacture of steam and hot water boilers. 

THE RUXD MANUFACTURING CO., Pittsburgh, manufacturer 

of water heaters, has purchased for $20.- 

000 two properties in Smallman and Mulberry 

Streets, near the company's plant for later use for 

manufacturing purpo.ses. The properties are improved 

with eight brick buildings. 

THE WILLIAM E. WILLIAMS VALVE CORPORATION has 

been incorporated with a capital of $100,000 by 

William E. Williams of 62 Front Street, New York. 

for the purpose of manufacturing valves and other 

products of a similar nature. 

A COPY OF THE NEW CATALOG of the Andrews Heating 

Co., Minneapolis. Minn., illustrating the Andrews 

sy.stem of heating, plumbing, water supply 

and sewage disposal which includes its vertical and 

locomotive types of boilers, thermostats, furnaces, 

air pressure water supply equipment, eleanouts, 

heating systems, septic tanks, plumbing fixtures 

and gas tanks, should be obtained bv everv plumbing 

and heating contractor.

AUGUST 13, 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

THE DAYTON PUMP & MFG. CO., Dayton, Ohio, will 

increase its capitalization from $1,300,000 to $1,- 

500,000 to complete several new buildings now under 

construction, made necessary by expanding 

business. 

THE PETROLEUM HEAT & POWER CO., New York, has 

been incorporated with a capital of $500,000 by 

F. M. Forbes, S. Whitaker and R. Adamson, 511 

Fifth Avenue, to manufacture oil-burning appliances. 

It has a plant at Stamford, Conn., and will 

build a one-story foundry addition at an early date. 

THE GROWTH OF THE ECONOMY SCALE REMOVER CO., 

Chicago Heights, 111., has made it necessary to 

have larger quarters. To accomplish this, it has 

purchased a large fireproof building at Twentythird 

Street and C. & E. I. tracks, in that city, and 

is having the structure remodelled to suits its requirements. 

THE JOSAM MFG. CO., Michigan City, Ind., is bringing 

to the attention of the trade using floor drains 

and traps in cement floors the fact that in a suit 

against an infringer on the patents covering its 

trap, it is found that it is entitled to have the 

profits and recover them from the infringer and 

the infringer is enjoined from further production 

of the devices which are an infringement on the 

patent owned by the company. 

New^Merger in Earthenware Field 

On Aug. 2 the American Sanitary Works of Washington, 

N. J., and the Bellmark Co., of Trenton, N. 

J., merged into one company and will be known in 

the future as the B. O. T. Mfg. Co., with office and 

showroom at Trenton, N. J. 

The Bellmark plant of the B. O. T. Mfg. Co. is a 

modern pottery, fully equipped with new devices to 

methodically manufacture and handle vitreous china 

water-closet outfits. The American Sanitary Works' 

plant of the B. O. T. Mfg. Co. is arranged to manufacture 

high-grade plumbers' woodwork and brass 

fittings for water-closets. 

The trade is requested to address all communications 

to the Trenton office, where every request will 

receive prompt and careful attention, and with new 

arrangements for efficiency and service, further patronise 

ean be handled to the satisfaction of the customers. 

The B. O. T. Mfg. Co. is exclusive manufacturer 

of "B. O. T." and staple water-closet outfits, and as 

all its efforts are in the interest of water-closet construction, 

and its officers and managers all practical, 

experienced men, the company believes it can serve 

the trade to mutual advantage and profit. The officers 

are: B. O. Tilden, president; H. O. Mayo, 

vice-president and assistant treasurer, and H. W. 

Keen, treasurer. 

Eastern Golfers to Play at Yountakah 

Through the courtesy of L. H. Rothwell, the members 

of the Eastern Trade Golf Association will hold 

the second meet of the year on the course of the Yountakah 

Golf Club near Nutley, N. J., which can be 

readily reached by a trolley from Newark and it is 

not far from one of the stations on the Erie Railroad. 

Several years ago the association played over this 

course under different conditions because there were 

some players who had high ball at every hole, which 

seems to be an impossible thing under'present conditions. 

The men will be followed by caddies in all 

probability, but there is doubt that 'there will be a 

waiter with the necessary bottle, the siphon and the 

ice. However, enthusiasts of the association will find 

this no hardship and will be out after the generous 

prizes that are up to be played for with all of the 

earnestness that has enabled the association to maintain 

the leading position among the trade golf associations. 

Outlook on Prices in Heating Field 

The trade is receiving the following letter from F. 

Meyer & Bro. Co., Peoria, 111.: 

The railroad workers of the country got .$600,000,000 

slipped to them recently—and they are peeved that it 

wasn't twice that much. 

As this is being written, a lot of people are getting 

nervous about next winter's coal and the price it will cost 

because the miners don't like the wage awards and are on 

strike again for another raise. 

The railroads insist that they must have a raise in freight 

and passenger rates to cover the six hundred million (gosh, 

that's "sum" money!) and the coal operators will magnanimously 

allow General Public to dig up the increase the 

miners will get. O yes—they'll get it; don't worry about 

that! 

A wholesale grocer told us the other day that the food 

prices for next fall and winter would make to-day's regular 

prices look like fire-sale bargains; and automobiles and 

gasoline are still going up the price "hills" ''on high." In 

fact, most things, including business in general, are "looking 

up." 

Materials are still hard to get, orders are still hard to 

fill, freight cars are still few and far between, and a lot of 

factories, including our own, are still working overtime 

trying to keep up with orders. (Pardon so many "stills" 

in drv weather.) 

The above is all a preamble to this: September and cool 

weather will soon be here; prices will not come down and 

can be expected to advance; you will have to have "Handy" 

pipe and other installation materials and the safest assurance 

of getting them is to send us your orders just as far 

in advance as possible. We are taking all possible care 

of all orders, but in self-interest you'd better "play safe." 

An Acknowledgment of Value 

JOHN J. SCAXNELL 

Sheet Metal Worker, Plumber and Lead Burner 

12 Center Street, Franklin, Pa. 

July 31, 19-20. 

Mr. Frank K. Chew, Editor, 

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER, 



DEAR SIR: , „ , .. . 

Enclosed I am sending a check for my subscription to 

MET\L WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER and am glad 

to add that I always look forward to its coming. 

In the last 20 or 25 vears I have been reading it I have 

gained a lot of knowledge from it. A.s the result of some 

advertising I found in it I took up a course of instruction 

hi Gray's School in sheet metai pattern drafting and now 

bave nearly completed the course, with a great deal ot 

Iexpect to he in Xew York some time soon and intend 

to make vou a visit. 


(Signed) JOHN J. SCANNELL.

224 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER ACCL-ST 13, 1920 

The Warm Air Furnace of the Future 

The paper by R. W. Menk presented in the issue 

of July 30 interested us greatly and prompted me to 

write, says a letter from Howard Miller, president 

of Frederick Sabin & Co., 239 Broad Street, Philadelphia, 

Pa. He sent other matter, suggestive that 

one solution for the problem of combustion may be 

found in bringing warmed or heated air into contact 

with the gases rising from the incandescent fuel. 

The company makes what is called the King Koal 

Karburetor and gives the results of tests made by 

Professor W. A. Sloan of the Experimental Engineering 

Department of the University of Pennsylvania, 

wliich showed that during a test of 9 hr. a 

saving of I 2-3 lb. of coal per hr. was effected by 

the use of the King Koal Karburetor in the accomplishment 

of the same amount of work and also a 

reduction in the amount of carbon monoxide found 

in the flue gas. With coal both scarce and very much 

higher in price than in former times, more interest is 

being shown, by the men who sell heating apparatus 

and their customers, in the consumption of fuel in a 

way that will effect a saving. 

Steel to be Shipped in American Bottoms 

Export shipments of iron and steel products are 

likely to be sent more freely abroad in American 

vessels as the result of a provision in the new merchant 

marine act specifying that export railroad rates 

to ports whieh are lower than domestic rates do not 

apply on shipments transported in foreign bottoms. 

The act defines foreign bottoms as vessels in which 

less than 50 per cent of the ownership is held by 

citizens of the L'nited States. 

Announcement of the changes made in the export 

situation by the provisions of the act was made by H. 

D. Rhodehouse, manager of the traffic bureau of the 

Youngstown Chamber of Commerce, Youngstown, O., 

who said that only Pacific coast ports are affected at 

present by the rate clause. The war resulted in 

changes of rates to Atlantic ports wliich made domestic 

and export rates uniform, but export business is 

still given preferential rates to Pacific ports. 

Although preferential rates for export prevailed to 

Atlantic ports previous to the war the railroads have 

made no effort to re-establish them since the signing 

of the armistice. 

Salesmen Convene 

The Western salesmen of Rathbone-Sard & Co., 

makers of "Acorn" stoves and ranges, met in Aurora, 

111., Aug. _ to 6, preparatory to going back on the 

road. The conferences were presided over by John 

D. Green, vice-president and general manager, and 

valuable ideas were brought out by the manufacturing 

side to aid the sales force in their coming work, the 

salesmen reported what they had found in their calls 

on the trade. The cooking results of a demonstration 

of a range were consumed by those present, which 

proved the "Acorn's" ability to make satisfying and 

tasty dishes. 

OBITUARY 

Death of Frank C. Jennings 

In the death of Frank C. Jennings at the home of 

his brother, Henry Jennings, Bloomfield, N. J., there 

passed away the last relative of the founders actively 

participating in the management of the old tin plate 

and metal house established in New York over a century 

ago by Bruce & Cook. Mr. Jennings was stricken 

by apoplexy last November and was confined to the 

liouse until his death on Friday, Aug. 6. Like his 

brothers, Spencer and Philander R. Jennings, who at 

one time managed the business, he had passed his 60th 

year but a short time. He was the younger of the 

tliree brothers who, after 

completing their education, 

entered the employ 

of the firm and later became 

members of it. The 

early activities of Frank 

C. Jennings were in the 

accounting department 

and naturallv his later 

activities were largely in 

the financial management. 

The house was one 

of the largest importers 

of tin plate and pig tin, 

previous to the establishment 

of the American tin 

plate industry, its headquarters 

being at 190 

Water Street, where John 

M. Bruce first started the 

FRANK C. JENNINGS 

business. He was well 

known among the manufacturers and distributors of 

tin plate, sheet.s, metals and supplies. 

A man of genial, kindly disposition and well qualified 

for his responsible duties, he continued the custom 

of the house of taking care of the interests of the 

smaller trade and particularlv during the exacting 

conditions caused by the recent war. There are many 

successful tradesmen who got their start with the 

credit given by Bruce & Cook, some of whom have 

traded with the house more tban a half century. A 

mail's character was held as sound a basis for. credit 

as his possessions and it is this side of the firm that 

many hold in highest esteem. 

He gave his active support to church work and was 

a Presbyterian. He was an enthusiastic golfer and a 

winner of many cups. He was a charter member of 

the Eastern Trade Golf Association and took an active 

interest in its activities. He belonged to several 

clubs and advocated friendly relations in the trade. 

The funeral was private. Mrs. Jennings and his 

brother, Henry Jennings, survive him. 

Death Edwin A. Eichel 

Edwin A. Eichel, a member of the firm of Eichel & 

Co., sales agents for plumbing goods in Richmond, 

Va., died on July 31. Mr. Eichel had been associated 

with his brother. Mann C. Eichel, and made 

specialties of the output of the National Pipe & 

Foundry Co.. The Grabler Mfg. Co., Mark Mfg. 

Co. and M. S. Little Mfg. Co. He was well known 

in the trade as a genial, whole-souled man and his 

death will be learned of with sorrow by many friends.

AUGUST 13. 1.20 


Wakeman B. Henion Dead 

Wakeman B. Henion. president and founder of 

Henion & Hubbell, Chicago, died at his home, 1839 

Kenwood Avenue, on Aug. 3, aged 77. He was born 

in Seneca Falls, N. Y., and had spent his entire business 

life in the pump industry. For 15 years he was. 

identified with the Goulds Manufacturing Co. and 

later with the Silver & Deming Mfg. Co., Salem, Ohio. 

for about 10 years. In 1887, when this organization 

broke up, he organized the Henion & Hubbell Co., 

which was incorporated in 1901. He was the first and 

only president of the company, which is a charter 

member of the Central Supply Association and the 

National Pipe and Supplies Association. Mr. Henion 

was a veteran of the Civil W r ar, a life member of the 

Union League Club, Chicago, a charter member of the 

Flossmoor Country Club and a member of the Kenwood 

Club. 

Funeral services were conducted at his late residence 

Aug. -1 and interment was at Seneca Falls, N. Y. 

Death of Isham Randolph 

Isham Randolph, widelv known in Chicago engineering 

circles, died on Aug. 2 at his home at the 

age of 72 years. While chief engineer of the sanitary 

district of Chicago, he directed the building of the 

drainage canal. He served in this capacity from 

1893 to 1907, and has been identified since with many 

national and civic engineering projects. Another of 

his important works was the Obelisk Dam above the 

225 

Horse Shoe Falls at Niagara, which revolutionized 

dam construction in this country. 

Funeral services were held at St. Paul's Episcopal 

Church. Fiftieth Street and Dorchester Avenue, 

Aug. 1, and interment was at Old Chapel, Virginia, 

Mr. Randolph's boyhood home. He is survived by his 

widow and a son. Robert I. Randolph 

Courage 

Where is your record of yesterday ? 

Is it near the top, or low? 

Well, what does it matter anyway. 

If you've watched the score and know? 

The biggest men in the world today 

Began—and some jobs were mean— 

But they won because they were willing to 

The game out fair and clean. 

They cared not a whit that the odds were long 

For their faith in themselves was fine; 

They faced the mark with a courage strong 

And headed straight for the line. 

It's playing the big game right that pays, 

It's not what you win, but how. 

So forget to regard the wasted days. 

Start right on a new one NOW. 

—JANE BATES, in Forbes Magazine (N. Y.) 



the now discountenanced report by the church folks. 

Pipe, tin plate and sheets are still awaiting shipment. 

Black and Galvanized Sheets—Supply picking up on demand. 

The advance in stove and furnace prices seems certain 

Tin Plate—Demand exceeds receipts. 

to come, though no amount or date has been set. 

Tin—Stagnant. 

It is common for buyers to visit the market to see 

Copper—Inactive and unchanged. 

if needed goods can be procured and not to get quota 

Lead—Quiet and prices strong. 

tions as formerly. The man xcho has stock is regarded 

Zinc—No new inquiries. Prices firmer. 

as fortunate and shipments are taken in without ob 

Antimony—Dull. 

jection. Yet there is no attempt to charge more than 

Foundry Coke—Spot demand decreased. Continued pro- 

the safe and customary percentage of profit by any 

rluci' < • c. .in . i imrovement. 

Linseed Oil—Quiet and prices irregular. 

of the factors in the trade. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Lighter demand. 

Goods Scarce antl Distribution Execrable 


New York.—A development in the Eastern market was 

fllThere is nothing in the present market condithe 

advance in the price of Virginia iron by the leading 

Jl tions that adds to the pleasure of doing busi 

producers there from $17 to $50 base at furnace. Producers 

ness. Increased freight rates will be reflected in are all not a unit a.s to thc policy of advancing prices, some of 

prices and better railroad service will be much delayed. them taking a conservative view and feeling that it would 

In consequence, those who distribute sanitary equip be better if prices did not go higher. So little iron can be 

ment are having increased troubles and only through had for this year's delivery that the prices made on tin- 

friendly relations and helping one another are custosmall 

amounts that are sold are chiefly significant of what 

mer's needs supplied after some delay and expense. i.s in store as the basis of 1921 purchases. Some re-sale 

iron is still being sold in spite of recent statements that 

The prospect that coke prices may soften has not de 

most of that which was made in Buffalo furnaces had been 

terred blast furnaces from advancing pig Aon prices 

taken off the market. There is still some unsatisfied demand 

$2. In the steel centers labor conditions are tranquil for this year's iron but very little is offered. Considerable 

regardless of new propaganda by the extremists and variation in prices is reported, foundries that have long 

bought from particular fi»rnaees being given lower prices

226 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 13, 1920 

than buyers who come into the market to piece out their supply. 

Some important sellers are not inclined to do business 

for next vear owing to the uncertainty as to coke prices. 

Sales of foundry coke have been made at $19 to $20 at ovens 

and furnace coke is sold at $18 and $19, a basis that wipes 

out all ordinary calculations. That such prices can long be 

made the basis of contracts for eastings is doubted and yet 

relief from the inordinate prices for fuel is not in evidence. 

We quote for deliverv in the New York district as follows: 

East. Pa., Nn. 1 fdv. sil. 275 to 3.25 $52.80 

East. Pa., No. 2X fdv., sil. 2.25 to 2.75 51.05 to 52.05 

East Pa.. No. 2 fdv., 1.75 to 2 25 49.80 to 50.80 

No. 2, Virginia sil. 1.75 to 2.25 51.40 to 53.40 

Chicago- The market is not nearly so active as it was 

a week or two ago, yet the demand for prompt and fourthquarter 

tonnages of foundry and malleable is of fair proportions. 

The Virginia company has advanced its quotation 

on foundry to $50 base, furnace, on first quarter shipments, 

but thus far has taken no business at that price in this territory. 

Several furnaces in the Birmingham district have 

withdrawn from the market after taking moderate tonnages 

for 1921. Two of the leading producers continue to quote 

$12 base. The Red River furnace has withdrawn from tne 

market to determine the effect of the rate advance on its 

costs. 

The following quotations are for iron delivered at consumers' 




Northern coke. No. 1, 2.25 to 2.75 last half $48.25 

Northern coke, No. 1 spot 48.25 

Northern coke foundry, No. 2 sil. 1.75 to 2.25 last half 46.00 


Southern coke No. 1 foundry and No. 1 soft, sil. 2.75 

to 3.25 50.20 

Southern coke No. 2 foundry, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 48.70 

Southern foundry sil. 1.75 to 2.25 ! 47.00 

Philadelphia.—Pronounced scarcity of all grades of pig 

iron, with a continuing upward trend of prices, characterizes 

the market. Many of the eastern Pennsylvania furnaces 

are out of the market for the remainder of this year, 

and such as have any iron to sell are asking prices above 

those quoted a week or so ago. Unless there should be a 

marked contraction in manufacturing operations which require 

foundry iron, all indications point to an acute scarcity 

of this grade during the fall and winter. The scarcity of 

basic pig iron is almost as acute. 


vards in Philadelphia or vicnity: 

East. Pa., No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil $48.90 to $50.10 

East. Pa.. No. 2X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 50.90 to 51.35 

Virginia No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2 75 sil 54.10 

Virginia No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 55.35 

Cincinnati.—The buving movement of the past two 

weeks has petered out and this market has resumed a very 

quiet aspect. Car supply in southern Ohio and the South 

shows some betterment and the movement of iron from 

furnaces is reported to be somewhat freer. 

Based on freight rates of $3 60 from Birmingham and $1.80 from 

Ironton, quote f. o. b. Cincinnati: 

Southern coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (base price) $45.60 

Southern coke, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 (No. 2 soft) 46.85 

Southern Ohio coke, sil. $1.75 to 2.25 (No. 2) 46.80 

Cleveland.—The sales of the past week have been of 

small volume, and the conservative selling agencies of 

Cleveland are not disposed to advance prices rapidly on 

either steel making or foundrv grades. Some furnaces report 

decided improvement in the railroad situation, while 

others say it is as bad as ever. At Detroit, a large part 

of the tonnage is being handled by trucks. 

We quote delivered Cleveland as follows, based on 40c switching 

charge for local iron, a $1.40 freight rate from Valley points, and 


Northern, No. 2 fdv. sil. 1.75 to 2.25 $45.40 to $46.40 



Old Materials 

Scrap Iron, New York.—Prices on several items have 

advanced. There is a little better inquiry from rolling mills 

for pipe and turnings. The demand for cast scrap is much 

better because of the scarcity of pig iron. Brokers who 

contracted to deliver scrap in' the future at a certain price 

will be injured by the increase in freight rates which the 

consumers will not absorb on their present contracts. To 

compensate, these brokers will more carefully shop around 

amvng dealers to secure the scrap at the lowest price 

possible. 

Prices which dealers in New York and Brooklyn are quoting to 






No. 2 cast (radiators, cast boilers, etc.) 29.00 to 30.00 


2 ft. long) 19.00 to 19.50 

Stove plate '. 27.00 to 28.00 

Scrap Iron, Chicago.— Owing to operating difficulties 

induced by uncertain car supply and the coal situation, 

may consumers have lost interest. As a result, the market 

i.s noticeably dull and prices have undergone few changes. 

This may be due in part to the expectation on the part of 

some buyers that large railroad offerings will be made 

following the expiration of the Government guarantee of 

earnings on Sept. 1. Dealers are much concerned over tne 

effect of the advance in freight rates on undelivered contracts. 

It is their opinion that inasmuch as most buyers 

and the mills in particular will be able to pass on the advance, 

they should bear the increase in the delivered price 

of scrap rather than the dealers. It is felt that the proper 

course of the consumers is especially clear where they have 

lield up shipments on contracts. Unless buyers assume 

the advance, dealers state that their profits will be more 

than wiped out. 



Per Net Ton 

No. 1 cast $36.00 to $37.00 







Brake shoes 26 50 to 27.00 


Agricultural malleable 2S.00 to 2S.50 

Country mixed 17.00 to 18.00c 

Scrap Iron, Pittsburgh.—rhe tendency of scrap iron 

and steel prices in this market still is upward, due to the 

fact that melters still are anxious to secure supplies, while 

dealers, on account of the transportation situation and the 

prospective increase of freight rates, are not inclined to sell 

except at well above the prices which they recently would 

have accepted. Shipment of scrap over the Pennsylvania 

Railroad is by permit, while the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 

is not only declining to place cars for scrap originating on 

its own lines, but is refusing shipments from connecting 

railroads. One Pittsburgh district steel company is insisting 

upon a strict observance by dealers of its specifications, 

and as a result has rejected about 250 cars of material in 

the past three or four weeks, most of which are lying on 

the tracks in the plant of this company. Some dealers are 

attempting to have their contracts adjusted in price with the 

idea of covering the higher freight rates, but this is meeting 

with strong opposition on the part of melters, who claim 

that they are not at fault beeause the dealers have failed to 

make deliveries within specified time. 


other districts that take Pittsburgh freight rates as follows: 






Short shoveling turnings 19.50 to 20 00 



Cast iron boring= 19.50 to 20.50 


Old Metals, Xew York.— The market Is still unsettled, 

and business is slow. Dealers' buying prices are as follows! 



Copper, light and bottoms 13 00 

Brass, heavy 10.00 

Rrass light 750 

Heavy machine composition 15 ,s

AUGUST I_, iy_u METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FI T T E R 227 

This Crew Is Inefficient 

It averages the same as 

that above, but the little 

fellow cannot finish the 

big man's job. 

This Crew Is 100 c 'o Efficient 

The men are of uniform 

strength. Any one of 

them can finish a job 

begun by any other. 

These Two Crews Show 

the Importance of Linde Uniformity 

Any one of the millions of cylinders filled with Linde Oxygen 

must be interchangeable with any other produced by Linde. 

For uniformity of oxygen is just as important to welders and 

cutters as is a high standard of quality. 

Expert chemists are constantly at work in Linde laboratories 

to prevent the slightest deviation from the extreme high purity 

of Linde Oxygen. 

Seventy-one Linde Distributing Stations make it possible to 

promptly supply welders and cutters everywhere with Linde 

Oxygen. 

THE LINDE AIR PRODUCTS CO. 

30 East 42nd Street, New York 


The Largest Producers of Oxygen in the World 

Please quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STUM FITTER "hen writing to advertisers 

L-511

228 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCI-ST 13. 1920 


No. 1 red brass or composition turnings 12.25 


Lead tea • 5.00 

Zinc 5.25 

Old Metals, Chicago.— Market is inactive and prices 

hold. Dealers' buying prices for less than carload lots are: 

Red brass 15.50 

Vellow brass, heavy 9.00 

Vellow brass, borings 10.(X) 






Tea lead 3.00 



Zinc .' 4.00 

Pewter. No. 1 25.00 

Old Rubber.— Inactive and prices only nominal. Wholesale 

dealers' buying quotations are: 

Boots and shoes 6 to 6A 

Trimmed artics 4_i to 5 


Bicycle tires IJ. to Wi 

Solid tires 2 to 2'/. 

No. 1 inner tubes 11 _ to 12J4 

Mixed White scrap 4 to 4 1 . 

Mixed red scrap 3 r ._ to 4 

Mixed black scrap 1J_ to 2 

Cotton fire hose _ to 114 

Garden hose ....- -_ to 1 

Old Rags.— Little business is being done and prices 

have fallen. Wholesale dealers' prices are: 

No. 1 whites $10.50 to $11.00 

No. 2 whites 5.50 to 5.75 



Hard back carpets 1.75 to 185 


NOTICE SLIDING 

DAMLRU 

Burt Ventilators are made 

in round, square, rectangu 

lar and special shapes, a 

full variety of types and to 

meet every requiremenl of 

buildings of all kinds. They 

are adjustable and storm 

proof. 

SLEEVE 

(Patented) 

Paper Stock.— Strong demand continues and higher 

prices predicted. Wholesale dealers' buying quotations for 

New York are: 

(Iver issue magazines $5.15 to $3.25 

( rumpled news 1.90 to 2.00 


Black and Galvanized Sheets.—Deliveries continue to 

be received and an impression is being made upon back orders. 

Xew demands are not heavy. 

Tin I'late.—Demand exceeds available supply, due to 

accumulation at the mills. 

Copper.— Inquiry is very light, consumers taking little 

interest in future buying. The talked-of price advance will 

probably not take place during the present inactive condition 

of the market. 

Tin.—This market is extremely dull with no interest 

shown by sellers or buyers. 

Lead.— While a quiet market prevails, prices continue 

strong. 

Zinc.— Producers are giving attention to shipments of 

metal already under contract and there is little inquiry for 

future requirements. 

Antimony.— Unchanged conditions characterize this 

market. 

Tin Plate, Pittsburgli.— Xo relaxation in the demand 

is observed, and a much larger business than is doing could 

be done if makers were in a position to accept. Transportation 

difficulties still hamper the manufacturers and one 

BURTS SELL FAST 

You have only to mention a few of the 

many exclusive features of Burt design and 

construction to win over the most stubborn 

purchaser. 

It will prove a pleasant surprise to you 

to find how easy it is to land big orders 

one after another when you liandle the 

Burt line. 

Write for the Burt Proposition Today 


3()(i MAIN STREET AKRON, OHIO 

George W. Reed & Co., Montreil, Sole Manufacturer of "Burt" 


AUGUST 13. 1910 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

large interest, in an effort to secure tin plate for oil cans, 

has bought a tonnage of sheet bars for conversion. Stock 

items are carefully looked over by buyers in need of early 

supplies, and are fetching fancy prices, sales being noted 

anywhere from $8.50 to $1(1. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh.— In spite of the lower rate of activity 

in the automobile industry, it cannot be said that the 

demand for sheets is any less urgent than it has been and 

while the market has a quiet appearance, this may be 

ascribed chiefly to the indifference of makers to new orders. 

It is improbable that there will be any formal opening of 

hooks by independents for fourth-quarter Inisiness as the 

unfilled tonnages amount to more than 800,000 tons, and thev 

have fully 100,000 tons piled awaiting shipment. This condition 

would seem to preclude taking on additional business 

for delivery this year except to the extent of suspended 

shipments. The American Sheet & Tin Plate Co. continues 

to have considerable difficulty in getting steel from its 

regular sources of supply, and in an effort to meet its obligations 

has taken on a large amount of conversion business 

for buyers who have tonnages due them. This company has 

almost as much capacity on conversion orders as it has on 

its regular business. 


Iiinseed Oil.— Market is quiet with prices irregular. 

In lots of 5 bbl. and over, city raw American seed is quoted 

at $1.36 to $1.51, and out-of-town raw Ameriean seed is 

quoted at $1.36 to $1.51. In lots of less than 5 bill. 3c more 

per gallon is asked. Boiled oil brings 2c more per gallon 

than raw oil. 

Spirits of Turpentine.— Demand is light but improvement 

expected. In machine barrels in yard, the wholesale 

price is quoted at $1.70 per gallon. 

Rosin.— Both pale and medium grades in good demand 

and local stocks show improvement. On the basis of 280 lbs. 

to the barrel, the wholesale price of common-to-good strained 

is $12.50. Grade D is $15.75. 

Iron and Steel Pino.— Interest centers chiefly about 

the effect which the increased freight rate will have on 

prices. Oil country goods are sold on a delivered base, ifnd, 

of course, will take higher prices in keeping with that fact. 

'(u-iors are current that independent makers will revise 

their prices upward to cover the higher freight rates, although 

their prices already are higher than those of tbe 

Xational Tube Co. No indication of the course of the latter 

company on prices is available. Activity of speculators in 

the market has dwindled considerably in the past two weeks. 

.Makers who ean ship by water have made a fairly good 

showing in the matter of getting oil country pipe to destination. 

Bookings, however, are still sufficient to engage capacity 

of all makers all over the remainder of the year. 

Foundry Coke.— A somewhat more liberal supply of 

cars in the Connellsville region in the past week has resulted 

in a freer movement of coke against contracts and to 

a considerable extent this has lessened the demand for spot 

tonnages. The consequence is that prices are slightly softer 

than they have been, and while occasional sales of furnace 

grade are being made up to $19 per net ton, at oven, $18.50 

measures the more general maximum, and a considerable 

amount of recent business has been done at the flat price 

of $18. The spot market on foundry coke also is weaker 

and hardly is quotable above $19, although a few sales recently 

have been done at about 50 cents higher than that 

price. The spot market to-day is quotable at $18 to $18.50 

on furnace and $18.50 to $19 on foundry grade. The East 

seems to he most badly off in many of the consuming sect'ons 

for prompt tonnages and it is on sales in that direction 

that prices are highest. Some interest is beginning to 

n .elop ii contracts for the fourth quarter of the year and 

also for the first quarter of 1921. It is reported that one 

Contract for last quarter delivery, involving- about 500 cars 

a month, was closed on the basis of $14 per net ton, at 

uven, and it is stilted that two large tonnages are pending 

•it the same price for delivery through the last quarter of 

the year and the first quarter of 1921. On the other hand, 

it is reported that last quarter coke has been offered at 

A BIG CHANCE TO SECURE 

PROFITABLE CONTRACTS! 


opportunity to increase profits by recommending, 

selling and installing the Watrous Gravity Liquid 

Soap System. Industrial plants of all kinds, Factories, 

Railway Depots, Hospitals, Public Buildings, etc., are 

adopting this improved method of dispensing soap. 

The one large central container, easily refilled, is far 

more economical and more convenient in operation than 

the ordinary wasteful method of an individual container 

for every bowl. 

There are no moving parts to The Watrous System to 

get out of order. Operates wholly by gravity. The 

simple valve in the dispenser 

regulates an even, 

non-wasting supply of 

soap. A plumber's services 

are required to install 

the System. Therefore, 

every sale you make 

The Watrous Gravity 

xjt| WSBEM^WA'' 

• 

i • 

fm 

IL' • 

will carry with it a contract 

for installation. 

Liquid Soap System is a 

new addition to the line 

of the celebrated Watrous 

Sanitary Plumbing Equip 

ment, distinguished as 

"^ x ,-^j 

representing the most advanced 

ideas in sanitary 

pumbing science. The line 

includes Watrous Duojet 

Closets, Self-Closing 

Cocks, Urinals, Drinking 

Free Information Fountains on Request and up-to-date 

Specialties. 


1S_3 W. Harrison St., Chicago, 111 

S13 li'- so' '" produces. Practically no contracts in foundry 

coke for the remainder of the year have been done recently 

• - nr"ducers of this grade are sold through to the end of 

the year, and regard the situation as being unfavorable to 

arrive at any real idea of the value of 1921 fuel. 

An Exhibit of Boiler Room Instruments 

In view of the present great scarcity of fuel and the 

unusual public interest in the economical utilization 

of it, the L T ehIing Instrument Co., 71 Broadway, New 

York City, has decided to exhibit their fuel-saving de 

vices at two of the leading expositions of the vear, 

namely, the Chemical Show, Grand Central Palace, 

New York, Sept. 20-2.5, and the National Association # 

of Stationary Engineers' Convention, Milwaukee. 

Wis., Sept. 13-17. 

The principal products to be displayed will be the 

"ew "Stvle U" COs recording equipment. This in 

strument keeps tabs continuously on by far the larg 

est item of waste in the hoiler room, namely, the heat 

discharged up the chimney, thus enabling the opera 

tors to make adjustments that will reduce this loss to 

the minimum. A gauge on the front of each boiler 

serves as a working guide for the firemen and a re 

corder in the office of the engineer or superintendent 

simultaneously makes a permanent record of the per 

formance of each boiler furnace. Other hoiler room 

instruments, including L'chling pyrometers and draft 

gauges will also be exhibited.

230 METAL WORKER. PL U M B E R AND STEAM FITTER 









AUGUST 13. 1920 






On a number of articles the base price only is given, it being impracticablfto 

name every size. 

ALUMINUM- 



100-lb. lots—37 to 39c. 

ANTIMONY— 


10c to 12c 

BRASS, ROLL ANL SHEET— 


BISMUTH— 

Per lb $4.00 to $4.50 

CONDUCTORS— 

Corrugated— 




Copper 10% 





(.See also elbows and shoes; 


Conductor.) 



COPPER— 

Lake ingot 21!,_-22!_c 


Casting 20-21C 

COPPER SHEETS 


lb., 295.C mill. 


and over. 


advance. 




long 48 in. 

and to 

less 96 in. 

sq. ft. sq. tt. 


10 in. to 36 in. wide... 5c 6c 


Planished. V/2c per sq. ft. more 




Tinning— 96 in. 

long 

and Over 

less 96.in. 








Copper 10% 




ELBOWS— 

N.j. 1 Xo. 2 X". 3 

4 in $4.00 $3 9 r 4.25 4.05 3.00 ROSIN- 


5J,2 in 

4.90 4.50 3 50 Common to good strained (whole private brands very according to 

5.05 

4 00 

6.50 

4.75 

sale). 280 lbs., per bbl $12.50 composition. 

7.50 SHEETS— 




Vaeger's Salts: 



Plain Round and Corrugated- No. 10, per lb 6.50-8.00 5-lb. cans, each $3.00 

All sizes up to 6 in 5C% No. 12, per lb 6.55-8.05 A. S. P. Fluid: 

Square— 

No. 14, per lb 6.60-8.10 Gallon $1.25 

Square 40% No. 16, per lb 6.70-8.20 12-gal. Carboy 90c per gallon 

Copper- 

Black— One Pass. C R. 




Furnace Pipe and Fittings- No. 18 to 20, per lb 7.80- 9.80 gal $1.75 

Standard list..Prices on application No. 22 to 24, per lb 7.85- 9.85 SOLDERING COPPERS— 

LEAD— 

No. 26, per lb 7.90- 9.90 Per lb. in 300-lb. lots 5Uc 

American Pig, per lb. . .10J_c to lie No. 27, per lb 7.95- 9.95 In 100 to 300-lb. lots advance 2c 

Bar, per lb llj_c to 12c No. 28, per lb 8.00-10.00 per lb. 

METAL LATH— 


Under 100 sq. yd. per sq. yd. 40c No. 30, per lb 8.25-10.25 vance 4c per lb. 


No. 2S and lighter, 36 wide, STRAINERS, CONDUCTOR— 

Leads- 

10c higlier 

2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 

Lead, American White, in Oil, Wellsville Polished— 

Copper $2.80 $3 75 $5.75 $9.00 dz. 

kegs less than 500 lbs., 15.ic 20 gauge 11.10c 

Galv 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 dz. 

Lead, White, in Oil, 25-lb. tin 22 and 24 gauge 11.20c TIN PIGS AND BARS— 

pails; add to keg price 14 c 26 gauge 1130c Straits, pigs per lb 52c 

Lead, Red, in Oil, less than 500 28 gauge 11.50c Straits, in bars, per lb....57c to 62c 

lbs., 15c 

Galvanized— 


Dry Colors- 



Nos. 12 and 14 9.1(1-11.10 N. B.—The price of 14 x 20 

Per 100 lbs., 2/j to 5c \*o 16 9.25-11.25 "AAA" Charcoal Melyn Grade: 


Xos. 18 and 20 9.4J-U.40 IC, 14 x 20 $16.50 


Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 Xo. 26 0.70-11.70 IXX, 14 x 20 20.50 

Oils- 

Xo 27 9.85-11.85 IXXX, 14 x 20 22.25 

Linseed City Raw ....$1.36 to 51.51 Xo. 28 1 I.OU-1-.IO IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 

Linseed, Boiled, advance, per Xo. 30 10.50-13.00 "A" Charcoal Allaways Grade: 

gal 2c No. 28 and lighter, 36 in. wide, IC, 14 x 20 $14.25 


20c higher IX. 14 x 20 16.25 

at $1.36 to $1.51 Corrugated Roofing—Galvanized— IXX, 14 x 20 18 00 


2y2 in. corrugations, 30 per 100 lbs. IXXX, 14 x 20 19.75 

In Machine Bbl $1.70 over flat sheets. 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 21.50 

PUTTY— 


Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c Prices quoted on application. Prime, 14 x 20 in.: 

In 1-lb to S-lb. tins, 6.00 to 7 35c 2'_-in. Corrugation 

80-lb $11.80' 

REGISTERS— 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

90-lb 11.90 

Cast Iron 10% Xo. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

100-lb 12.W 

Semi-Steel or Steel, in Black for No. 26, per 100 sq. ft. 

IC 13.25 

White Japan or Electro plate and No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

IX 13 23 

Small Faces and Borders ....20% SLATE ROOFING— 

IXX 1. JS 

Wall Frames 20% F. O. B. cars, Quarry Station. IXXX 1- 25 


Per Square IXXXX lo.25 

larger 40% 


Base Board Registers 20% Pennsylvania— to size Small lots, 8-lb. Coating: 

Base Board Intakes 20% Best Bangor $8.00 to $11.00 100-lb., 14 x 20 $9.35 

White Enameled Goods 5% No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 IC, 14 x 20 9 50 

Solid Brass or Bronze Goods, ex Pen Argyl 7 75 to 8.25 IX, 14 x 20 10.50 

cept Grilles Net Peach Bottom 10.50 to 12.50 IC, 14 x 20 Stamped and Re 

Grilles in Black and White Japan No. 1 Chapman 7.75 to 8.75 squared: 

or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain Vermont— 


Lattice, Design. Smaller than No. 1 Sea Green $5.00 to $8.50 15-lb. Coating 11.75 

14 x 14 in., 

Unfading Green 6.50 to 13 50 20-lb. Coating 12.25 

Prices on application Red 22.00 30-lb. Coating 13 50 


Maine- 


1-Ply Walter's Tarred Paper, and per ton, Cooper's Brownsville, Metal Unfading Shingles 

Black, 

M. F. Grade 13.50 

$102.00 No. 1 $14.00 40-lb Coating 15.00 

per roll, 108 sq. ft. Slaters felt, 30-lb roll 2.00 WASTE COTTON— 

, 

2-Ply Tarred Paper $160 

40-lb. roll 2.25 Per lb. in 5-lb. bags 22c 

3-Ply Tarred Paper 2.00 SOLDER— 



i72 '$ 2.75 

to */2 guaranteed 37v2c Western Slabs 10-llc 


4V_ in 41" 3.95 2.85 

Xo. 1 34J_c Sheets No. 9 base casks 14J_c 

Roofing Pitch, per ton $30.00 Refined 30c 


The The 

KT 

Shingles 

That Last 

Shingles 

That Tbe Last Most Complete Line of Designs The Best Material, AVorkmanship and Finisb 

Made in Painted Tin or Genuine He-dipped Oalvanized Tin 

Sold at the right price .May we send you full-size samples and prices? 



JERSEY CITY, N. J.





I'LORAL PARK, N. Y., AUG. 20, 1920. 



English Ideas in Drain Piping 

1 Ei license with Outside Soil and Vent Pipes. 

VOLUME 94, Ko. 8 

Cast Iron and Lead Used Exclusively for Carrying Away Waste and Rain 

Water Made to Harmonize with Style of Architecture as Internal 

Soil Pipes Are Generally Prohibited 

By John Y. Dunlop 

T H E position and construction of a soil pipe in 

the home drainage system is a matter of great 

importance from the standpoint of the health of 

the occupants. In the early days, of water-closets 

io England the soil pipes were invariably built into 

the wall or let into a chase formed in the wall. 

But the danger of the internal pipe soon became 

manifest as the joints were often scamped and because 

inspection was difficult or impossible, sewer gas 

generated in the soil pipe itself, escaped through the 

joints and pervaded the closet and the liouse. Repairs 

were difficult, troublesome and costly. 

Even if the soil pipe was perfect when fixed, it 

might eventually corrode, when the sewer gas would 

escape and lead to illness in the family before attention 

was drawn to the danger in which they lived. 

To-day internal soil pipes are forbidden almost 

throughout the lengtli and breadth of the land. Although 

thc multiplication of pipes on the outside of 

the Iiuilding is no doubt an architectural misfortune, 

hy skillful planning they can be placed in retired 

positions so that they will not obtrude themselves upon 

the sight. 

Soil pipes should be carried above the caves of I lie 

roof or in thc case of an attic roof should be t.i km 

above the ridge of the building and terminated not 

less than 8 ft. from every window and skylight. 

The size of a soil pipe for a single closet or lor 

two closets fixed one over thc other should 1"- :\\/.. 

in. if of lead and 1 in. if of heavy cast iron. A J-in. 

lead soil pipe is large enough for connection with six

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 20, 19 

water-closets, but in no case is it necessary to go 

beyond -l 1 /^ hi., although it might be advisable in the 

case of cast iron to increase the size according to 

the circumstances. 

Soil pipe above the highest closet connection need 

not be carried up full bore to the roof. There is a 

small saving- in material if a 3-in. pipe is placed on 

the top of a 1-in. one, as used on the residence shown 

in Fig. 1. 

Bends in soil pipes should be avoided wherever 

practical. In this illustration a 2%-in. offset bend 

is sliown at thc base of the building. 

The soil terminal is formed with a lead piece to 

prevent as little as possible the free supply of air 

to the trap at the closet. There is no trap at the 

foot of the soil, the passage from thc back of the 

closet trap being unobstructed forward to the disconnecting 

trap at the sewer connection. 

In I'ig. 1, D is a rain-water pipe; E is the 4-in. 

soil pipe with 3-in. vent pipe carried through the. 

eaves of thc roof; CC is a waste and rain-water pipe 

taking the waste water from the bathroom on thc 

first floor and the waste, water from the pantry sink 

on the ground floor. The vent shaft at the end of 

the drain is marked B. 

All of these pipes are of cast iron, which has many 

advantages over other materials. One thing is that 

nails cannot be driven into them and that they are not 

bulged by light blows. Hot water does not affect 

them to the same extent as lead and, of course, they 

are cheaper and do not require the same amount of 

skill in fixing. 

The thickness of cast iron soil pipes should be, at 

least Heavy iron soil pipes allow making a 

/_ 

good, strong joint, as shown in Fig. 2. 

70IMT KTWEm IROM 

SOLLPIPE /v.d. FiqfXLUW 

DRAir 

EARTHENWARE 

IICPN 

TOIMTIMq MATERIAL,-. 

POTTY. PORTLAND CEMENT 

or PLUM 6E CIS CEMEINT 

TOIP1T 5_TwCO. W.C. 

OOTqo And IRON PIPE: 

Two rings of spun yarn arc calked down first 

prevent the lead from running througb into the pif 

and the remainder of the socket is filled up wi) 

molten lead and calked while warm. Several join 

are also shown of the soil pipe with other materii 

and also the connection at the closet. 

A good joint should be air and watertight. Tt 

full bore of the pipe should be maintained at the job 

and care should be taken that none of the jointin 

material protrudes inside the pipe. Between an iro 

soil pipe or waste pipe and a fire clay drain the joii 

is usually made with Portland cement. 

Between lead and fire clay pipes, as well as betwee 

lead and iron pipe, the most satisfactory method is 

brass ferrule connection. Sometimes there is no fei 

rule between lead and fire clay. The lead pipe i 

simply slipped into the faucet of the fire clay pip 

and the joint made tight with cement. 

The most important joint in the soil pipe is tha 

at the water-closet outgo, but it is often the weakest 

If the eathenware outgo is directly connected wit 

the iron soil pipe, as shown in Fig. 2, the joint i 

usually made with putty or Portland cement, but th 

most saisfactory jointing material is that known a 

plumber's cement—a mixture of two parts of tallo. 

and one part rosin. 

If the basin outgo is connected with a lead brand 

the joint is commonly made with red lead putty 

This connection is rendered more reliable if securei 

with two iron glands, bolts and nuts, as shown ii 

Fig. 2. 

Most external waste water pipes in England ar 

made of cast iron and until recently the waste pip 

from fittings on the upper floors forward to the out 

side were made sheet lead weighing 6 and 7 11 

LEAD nre. 

WIPED TOIMT _ 

BRA55 FERROLtr 

CEMEJNT 

TACIJEP s 

JOINTS BETWEEN 

AMD LEADPI PEL 

X/lt 

II.SIDE 

PIPES 

I0II.TED 

WITH —• 

LEAP 

DOTS.IDE ' 

PIPE'S 

WITH VtXIT 

TOIMT BCTWCLM 

LEAD &- 

ROM _—. 

CEMENT 

BRASS &OCKET 

TOINT 

w. c . ocrrqo 

Fill. 2—Common Methods uf Joining Two Different Pipes and Making Water Closet Connc 

t-ihetaL 

CAbT IBJli 

Rftll. WATU 

A.VASTL PIP!

l'l ll METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM F1TTE: 

to the square foot. The sheet lead was made up by 

hand into the various sizes required by uniting the 

pieces with soldered copper bit seams. 

At the present time drawn lead pipes are generally 

used. Tliese seamless pipes are manufactured in 

lengths of 10. 12 and 14 ft. 

Fig. 3—O u t s i d e 

Kain Water Pipes 

and V o n t e d 

Waste Pipes. 

To the outsider drawn pipes appear to be much 

superior to the hand-made seamed pipe, but experience 

proves that this is not true, for the drawn pipe 

yields to the action of hot water much more rapidly 

than hand-made seamed pipes of the same strength. 

It is customary to denounce hand-made pipes and 

traps chiefly because the sewer gas attacks and cor- 

rotles the seams. 

The usual diameter of the waste pipe from the 

bathroom is l'A in. .-md where there is no flushing 

tank at the head of the system of drainage, the waste 

pipe from the bathroom may be employed for that 

purpose. The weight of waste pipe vary with tin- 

size and nature of the fittings. Seamed pipes made 

of sheet lead are IV4 in. dia. and weigh 9 lb. per 

square foot. lV_ in. 12 lb. and 2 in. 18 lb. Drawn 

pipi- is equal in thickness to sheet lead weighing 8 to 

'0 lh. per square foot. 

The ordinarv pressed pipe made in rolls is much 

superior to the seamed and drawn pipes and is also 

much cheaper as it can be bent to almost any shape 

by a skilled plumber, there being no need to cut and 

work the bends or to make joints. Fxternal cast iron 

waste pipes are required to be 3-16 in. in thickness. 

The waste pipe from a slop sink should be treated 

in every way like a soil pipe- It should not be connected 

with "the waste pipe from the bath or sink, but 

c »n be connected with the soil pipe from the water- 

closet if the traps of both are properly ventilated. 

TV _,o_t_ -niter nine in all cases is carried un to 

tin- roof and is finished with a perforated cover or 

connected to the cast iron caves gutter. 

The bend connecting (he waste pipe J in Fig. 3 

is a lead piece, and in this case the pipe also serves 

for the rain water. A cast iron rain-water pipe 3 in. 

in diameter and having faucet joints is shown by K. 

Rain-water pipes arc seldom made of wood now. al 

though there is in outlying places a prejudice for this 

material. Cast iron pipes are made circular and rect 

angular, the former being the strongest and most 

durable. 

Rain-water pipes arc fixed with ear hands and 

holdfasts and should be set slightly clear of the wall 

to allow for painting and so that in thc ease of a leak 

the wall will not suffer from being saturated with 

water. 

Solid drawn lead pipes have recently come into 

use. They are expensive Imt on the otlier hand they 

do not need painting nor do thev rust. The thickness 

of the metal is about ' g in. and is about 7 lb. per 

square foot. This material is secured to the wall with 

lead tacks or hands not more than 3'A ft. apart. 

It is a mistake to use small rain-water pipes. The 

smallest size allowed is 2 in., hut 3 and 31/2 in. are 

more suitable for general work. 

Undoubtedly rapid advances have been made during 

the last 20 years in this small part of the sanitary 

plumber's work. Rut though much has been done, 

much remains to he done, particularly among the rank 

.and file of the craft in the smaller towns and villages. 

Chicago Section American Welding 

Society Organized 

At a meeting of members of the welding trade in 

Chicago, held in the rooms of the Western Society of 

Fngineers, on Tuesday evening, Aug. 3, a Chicago 

section of the American Welding Society was organ 

ized. There were about 7-5 in attendance, representing 

many railroads terminating in Chicago and also 

many of the larger local industries, - .. 

The following officers and directors were elected: 

Chairman—M. B. Osburn, Ass't Supt. Pullman Car Works. 

Vice-Chairman—O. T. Xelson, Pres. General Boilers Co. 

Sec'y-Treas.—I.. 15. Mackenzie, Pres. The Welding Engineer, 

(ins South Dearborn Street, Chicago. 

DIRECTORS 

A Years 

K. Wanamaker, Electrical Eng., Rock Island Ry. 

H. B. Bentlv, Supt. Motive Power & Mach., C. & X. W. Ry. 

Andrew Oliver. Welding Supervisor, Standard Oil Co. 

W. M. B. Brady. Commercial Eng., Genera] Elec. Co. 

2 Years 

Harold Cook. Managing Editor, Acetylene Journal. 

W. A. Slack. Pres. Torchweld Equipment Co. 

K R. Hare, District Mgr. Transportation Eng. Co. 

,1. M. Jardine, Partner. Western Welding & Equipment Co. 

1 Year 

W H Bleecker, Jr., District Mgr. Page Steel & Wire Co. 

Oliver' Mitchell. Partner. X. F. Mitchell & Son. 

Walter L. Senhert, Pres. Welded Products Co. 

Don B. McCloud, Sec'y-Treas. Gas Products Ass'n. 

Meetings will be held on the second Tuesday of 

each month in the rooms of the Western Society of 

Engineers and those interested in the subject of auto 

genous welding, by all methods, are invited to attend.


Progressiveness Brings Power and Prosperity 

Self Content Means Stagnation 

Originality a Factor of Success 

By J. C. Bixby 

T H E R E is no royal patent or class inheritance of 

results in this easy road to success. To originate 

a departure in method from a generally accepted 

condition in any line gives you the limelight and 

rating in the market for buyers. 

It is in many cases the overlooked and commonplace 

conditions out of which originality of thought 

and closer analysis bring the staring and successful 

results that were held dormant and unseen by the 

multitude, and thereby accrued much silver and gold 

for the man of new thought. 

Managers soon overlook the ordinary employee who 

does nothing to attract notice in his service. But 

even T is in high speed and what may be new to-day, may 

be old to-morrow; and we are in school at all times. 

When organization ceases to be the means and becomes 

the end, it has reached the limit of its usefulness. 

Organization must stand not only for Unity, 

but for Efficiency. This condition, however, gives the 

original and studious mind the greatest opportunity 

against the earlier day, when plumbing and living 

customs changed only once in half-century epochs; 

and the pan closet, or German helmet reversed, had 

a pull, and the lavatory" was just outside the kitclien 

door. Evoluting from these crude earlier conditions 

and sanitary appliances, we now have not only the 

manager and proprietor is looking for promis most successful in operation, but the most artistic and 

ing material and when they note anything out of the graceful in design until the beautiful bathroom of 

ordinary routine—one who is always on the alert for to-day sells the house, camouflaging all its other de 

better ways, determined to stamp his individuality fects in the eyes of the prospective buyer. 

upon whatever he does—that employee is marked for We to-day .are taking a large space in the world's 

promotion at once. The public and capital has us work, and let us remember that originality is power 

and our works as well as other merchandising and .and success. Imitation i.s death. This is an age of 

inventive and resourceful people under scrutiny also, experts and no one who does not specialize and go 

to see if peradventure there is some new thing in the above the average need hope for a career. 

world, or surprising rsults brought out of the old, Ambition is the gas motor of life, but remember it 

that thev mav recognize and enrich the originator to 

is easier to rebuild a business than to reconstruct a 

tlieir own advantage and to his benefit. 

reputation, and strict honesty is the corner-stone of 

To be original is to be progressive. Do not try to lasting success. 

be a copy of your grandfather, your father or your 

Let us now for a moment diverge from the subject 

neighbor, but from the crucible of 

.and speak of courtesy in business. It is the inspira 

Originality your own brain originate. Build 

tion that extends the welcoming hand, bids you come 

Means better than they knew. An originside 

the rail and open the gates of opportunity, a 

Pror/ressiveness inal and constructive mind is 

trait to be carefully cultivated, whose return comes in 

greater than an army of millions 

the pay cheek and more pleasant relations with cus 

whose safety and achievement depend largely on that 

tomer and employee. The gruff person is like an 

invisible power housed in the leader's brain. 

underrated radiator I It heats up all right under 

How many in our profession have achieved suc 

discussion or steam, but people look on that and him as 

cess in bringing out new and successful sanitary 

being not entirely finished and out of harmony with 

appliances? Starting out in originality of thought to his surroundings. 

delve along roads that lead to Cod knows where, they 

Remember, motors do their knocking going up hill; 

dug over the old and new ground, discovering nug 

men do theirs going down. As designers, creators and 

gets here and there until they struck the mother lode 

sellers, we should always pilot prospective customers 

and Nature showed them her secrets. And we can 

into an easy flowing current that takes them in the 

buy their discovery f"om thc jobbing house—at the 

direction they wish to go, with a lasting friendship 

list price, plus. 

at the destination and your name the first to be 

With the 10,000 human dynamos concentrated in 

looked for in the directory on further occasion 

this association, switches thrown in and all purring 

Therefore, with the greater experience that each 

togetlier gathering energy, what would the harvest 

year gives us and the broadening view of increasing 

be if that power were all turned on in our business 

niembers. this organization shall attain and reflect 

endeavors? The Great White Way would be a dark 

the best and latest ideas and results in construction 

alley bv comparison, and the publie would be wait and business methods that a rapidly advancing and 

ing for us to open up in the morning. However, we improving world demands. 

mav not sit down and say it is finished, for the world May we not take back a message from this con 

*Paper at National Association of Master Plumliers' Association vention to those we represent that shall increase their 

Convention, Pittsburgli, June 15-17. 

;nthusiasm for association work and our numbers?

AUGUST 20. 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 





tyy Edisuard E. Parker 

PART XII 

T H E growing of fruit, vegetables and flowers 

under glass has become a great industry and 

is still growing rapidly. As all greenhouses must 

be artificially heated, the question as to the best way of 

doing it is one of great importance. All greenhouses 

are now heated either by steam or by hot water, and 

each method has its advocates. 

Steam seems to be the favored medium with the 

owners of the more extended plants, while hot water is 

the choice of most owners whose houses are of moderate 

size. The first cost of a large 

Greenhouse steam plant is less than for hot water 

Heating and, as all the water of condensation is 

automatically pumped back into the 

boiler, giving the steam ready access to all coils, it 

heats the building verv quickly. In such a plant a fireman 

must be kept on duty at all times and so tbe item 

Fig. 

-Connected 

Return 

Circulat 

Fire. 

Through Boiler without 

of being able to leave the fire for a considerable time 

without attention becomes of slight importance. 

Even in installations of the largest size it would 

probably be better, where cheap electrical power is 

available, to use hot water under pressure and circula e 

it through the coils, when necessary, by means of an 

electrically driven pump, but for any greenhouse plane 

of such dimensions 

as not to require the constant .it- 

tention of a fireman, 

there can be no question of tbe 

superiority of hot-water heating. 

In a steam plant the moment the steam pressure 

beeins to run down, the pipe coils begin to cool off at 

the return ends and this chill keeps extending toward 

the boiler For this reason there is often a consider 

able difference in the temperature of the two ends of 

the house and plants are sometimes injured by being 

chilled, when they would not have been harmed had 

the heat in the liouse been more evenly distributed, as 

it would had the heating medium been hot water. 

A big greenhouse is larger than a small one mostly 

in length and widtli, but only slightly in height. 

Hence, the head of water in a greenhouse is small 

and comparatively smaller the more extended the 

plant. Therefore considerable skill is necessary 

to design a system that will circulate the water rapidly 

without putting the heater into a cellar. 

The radiation, however, should be figured upon the 

same basis as that of any other building, except that 

the amount of movable glass being small, and practi 

cally none of it facing the point from which the cold 

winds blow, 10 per cent added to the glass area will be 

a sufficient allowance for leakage unless the liouse is 

covered with movable sash. Pipe coils, such as are 

usually used in greenhouse work, can be relied upon to 

emit 2 B. t. u. for each degree of difference between 

the temperature of the water and that of the surrounding 

air. 

In laying out the piping, the flow main should rise 

as high as possible immediately on leaving the lieater 

and the pipe leading to the expansion tank be taken 

off the top of that. From this point the piping should 

grade down until it reaches the heater again. 

The first thing necessary is to find the probable heat 

losses in tlie house in extreme weather, then the amount 

of radiating surface which will be required to make 

good that loss. Divide this by 275 and you have the 

area, in square inches, of the cross section of the flow 

main, or mains. The total outside area of the flowmains 

should be deducted from thc total number of 

feet of radiation required and the remainder distributed 

in the coils on the return. 

Suppose a house 200 x 30 ft. with 7,500 ft. of glass, 

1.600 ft. of north wall and leakage equal to 10 per cent 

of the glass. Thc beat losses for each degree of difference 

between inside .and outside temperature will 

be as follows: 7,500 +(1.600 X .25)+ (7.500 X -10 

= 7_500 + 400 X 750 = 8.650 B. t. u., the difference 

for each degree between thc inside and the outside 

temperature. If the house is to be kept at 60 deg. in 

zero weather, multiply by 60. This gives the total 

heat loss in the coldest weather, 123,500 B. t. u. per 

hour. 

If the water was leaving the heater at 180 deg. and 

returning to it at 150 deg. the water would average 

165 deg°or 105 deg. hotter than the surrounding air.


and hence each square foot of piping would put 210 

B. t. n. into the greenhouse every hour. 123.500 -rr 

210 = 2,017, the total square feet of radiation required 

in the house. Divide 2.017 by 275. gives 7.5 

sq. in., practically the cross section area of a 3-in. 

pipe. It would be better, however, to put up two 2 : j/oin. 

flow mains, because extra radiating surface at that 

elevation, has great effect in accelerating the circulation. 

The surface area of -100 lin. ft. of 21/o-in. pipe 

would be 300 sq. ft. This deducted from the total 

radiating surface required. 2.017 ft., leaves 1.717 sq. 

ft., or about 3.919 lin. ft. of l^-in. pipe. 

The selection of a heater is a matter of the greatest 

importance. There is no line of goods where the 

dictum, "Tbe best is the cheapest.'' applies with 

greater force than in thc selection of a 

Heaters heater. The worst heater on the market 

and will heat water, and will, for a time, if 

Radiators conditions are favorable, give reasonable 

satisfaction. "The Best' lieater is, of 

course, the one that the manufacturer or his agent is 

exploiting, and so it seems diflicult sometimes to decide 

the proper lieater to use, but if the contractor 

will hear in mind the essential requirements he cannot 

go far wrong. 

The heater should have a deep fire-pot. so that it 

will hold a thick body of fuel. It should have a 

reasonable amount of fire surface; too much is often 

as bad as too little, as it checks the draft without 

doing much compensating good. The grate should 

be round or nearly square and never long and narrow. 

A grate that operates easih' at all times and is easy 

to repair in case of accident is essential. 

It is essential that the lieater should be easy to 

clean out. Cleanliness, in regard to the fire surface 

of a heater, is a matter likely to be neglected. But. 

as it is absolutely necessary in order to insure satisfactory 

results, the work of removing deposits from 

the inside of the lieater should be made as easy as 

possible. 

In selecting the size of the heater for any particular 

job. it is usual to find the amount of radiation 

to which it is to be attached. Then add 20 or 25 

per cent for the radiating surface of the mains, then 

add something for the manufacturer's optimism, it 

being unwise to take most published rating's too seriously. 

Then select the heater which is rated nearest 

to the total result from the manufacturer's catalog. 

Even then the heater selected is generally too small 

to give the most satisfactory results. 

The primary cause of this trouble is that each manufacturer 

feels that if he does not make as big a claim 

for his heater as another manufacturer does for one 

of similar size and construction the buyer will feel 

tie is getting inferior goods, and so the fellow with 

the most elastic conscience sets the pace whieh the 

others follow. In his turn, the contractor, haunted 

by the spectre of ignorant and unrestrained competition, 

fears that if he makes a bid based upon the size 

of lieater which he really thinks best adapted to do 

the work, he will not only lose the job and the timespent 

in figuring upon it. hut will get the reputationof 

being, in a business sense, "out of it." Consequently. 

A is very r.are to find in actual use a heater too la, 

to W( rk for economy in fuel and attention. 

if the radiating surface of an open tank system. 

extreme weather, be computed by the rule before 

given, each sq. ft. of radiation will give off 192.5 

B. t. u. an hour and the loss from the heater and 

piping will amount to. perhaps, 20 per cent of the 

loss from the radiators. Thus, if there is 400 ft. of 

direct radiation, add 80 ft. more for the piping, etc., 

making the total radiating surface 480 ft. Then 

480 X 192.5—92,400 B. t. u. per hour the total 

heat loss to be made good by the heater. 

To furnish this amount of heat, assuming the coal 

to have an effective value of 8,750 B. t. u. per pound, 

would require 92,400 -r- 8,750 = 10.0 lb. of coal per 

hour. If burned at the rate of 4 lb. for each square 

foot of grate, would require a grate area of 2.8 sq. ft., 

or 403 sq. in., which is the approximate area of a 

grate 23 in. in diameter. 

A short and safe rule in residence work, where the 

firing is done but two or three times a day, is to choose 

a heater with 1 sq. in. of grate area for each foot of 

direct radiation, if thc radiation is figured by the rule 

already given. Direct-indirect and indirect radiators 

should be reckoned as direct radiation 100 per cent 

larger. Estimating a heater by this rule allows something 

for possible additions and the lack of attention 

to which house heaters are subject, and the size may 

be cut down proportionately where there is a regular 

attendant and the quantity of coal burned per square 

foot of grate is larger. 

It should be remembered that heaters in greenhouses 

are called upon to meet the demands of sudden 

and extreme changes in the weather and therefore a 

more liberal reserve power is demanded. 

When twin heaters are used, one to do the work in 

comparativelv mild weather and the other to be fired 

only when the cold is extreme, valves are not only unnecessary 

but actually may be dangerous in making 

the connections so that one or both can be run as 

demanded by the weather conditions. If the risers 

from each heater, both flow and return, are connected 

directly up into their proper main, as shown in Fig. 

29, the water will circulate only through the heater 

with fire in it. 

{To Be Continued) 

How the Koreans Heat Their Homes 

Our fuel resources are still so ample, despite these 

times, that we find it hard to conceive of a country 

so poorly supplied with fuel as Korea is. 

The land bears very little timber, and although 

good deposits of bituminous and anthracite coal have 

been found, occupation .-it least, would give no concessions 

for mining, states the Los Angeles Times. The 

natives dig the surface coal out in a crude way, and 

let the debris and rain water fill up the shafts. Accordingly, 

the coal, when they finally get it, is usually 

well rotted from dampness. This poor stuff is sold 

for as much as $9 a ton, a price that makes it inaccessible 

for thc majority of the natives. Korean ingenuity, 

however, has found a way of combating these 

unfavorable conditions. 

When a Korean starts to build his house he first 

lays down a system of flues where the floor is to be. 

These flues begin at a fireplace, usually built in 

outer shed or in a closed alleyway connected with 

the house. From the fireplace the" flues branch out.

AUGUST 20, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMCEIi AND STEAM FITTER 

like the ribs of a fan, and end in a trench at the back 

of tbe floor space. This trench, in turn, opens into 

a chimney, usually built at some distance from the 

house. 

When the flues are completed the builder carefully 

covers them with flagstones; he then cements the 

whole floor, and covers it with a sort of thick oiled 

paper for which Korea is famous. The rest of the 

house is then built around the completed floor. 

The lieating system works in this way: when it is 

time to cook the rice for the morning meal, the housewife 

lights a little straw or brushwood in the fireplace 

in the outer shed. While the rice is cooking. 

the heat from the fireplace passes through the flues, 

lieating the stone flags of the floor and diffusing a 

pleasant warmth that lasts until it is time to prepare 

the next meal. Two heatings a day generally suffice 

to keep the floor warm. On the floor the people sit 

by day and sleep by night. The heavy oiled paper 

that covers the floor prevents any smoke from entering 

the room. Since the occupants always leave their 

shoes at the door, the paper wears a long time and 

gradually takes on a rich brown color. So here tbe 

Koreans sit through the severe winter in their snug 

little houses ; there is no smoke to bother them and no 

ashes to litter up the house; and all this comfort is 

brought about by a few handfuls of stray or brushwood. 

Oxy-Acetylene Application in Foundries 

The oxy-acetylene department in the modern foundry 

is now as much a matter of course as the pattern 

shop or finishing room. The blowpipe is the accepted 

tool for cutting off steel risers because of its economy 

and speed, and in all welding operations, such as filling 

in of blowholes and building up of defective castings 

it is indispensable as a source of saving and especially 

because the oxy-acetylene weld which, being 

free from hard spots, contributes to ease and finish in 

machining. 

Repair of broken castings, while not so important 

in the foundry as elsewhere, because patterns are 

usually available for making new castings and because 

the material costs are not so high as in completed machinery, 

is nevertheless quite common wherever castings 

can be welded more cheaply than they can be 

replaced. This is frequently the case and has led to 

provision being made in most foundries for preheating 

whenever the welding is to be done in places where the 

application of a welding heat will set up stresses in 

casting. 

The modern foundry lends itself admirably to the 

production of quality acetylene welding. As a rule 

annealing ovens are ready to hand for the initial preheating; 

brick and coke are present for the building 

of ovens to provide final heating and annealing; and 

men who are experienced in the control of expansion 

and contraction are always at hand to supervise the 

work. .„ c 

In manv foundries special spaces are set ott tor 

the welding and cutting operations. An ideal procedure, 

where ample floor space is available, is to remove 

the castings from the molds, take them to a regular 

place for rough cleaning, next to a separate space 

fcr cutting off of risers, and finally to the grinders 

for finishing, where the defective castings are sorted 

out for removal to the welding division. 

Founders generally are accepting the conclusion 

that the manufacturers of equipment and supplies 

whose business is old-established and national in scope 

are best qualified to advise the consumer and best 

equipped to render him dependable service. 

The many ways of handling oxy-acetylene applications 

in the foundry illustrate the wonderful flexibility 

and adaptability of the process. Mention has been 

made of the cutting of steel risers. This may be done 

on the foundry floor where the castings are poured, or 

the work may be done at a specially assigned place. 

Filling in of blowholes, building up defective castings 

and repair of broken castings have also been, noted. 

There are numerous other things that can he done with 

oxy-acetylene or oxygen, such as scaling castings, 

cleaning ladles, burning salamanders, welding pipes, 

tools, structural shapes, machinery, guards, etc. 

In scaling castings a welding flame is applied to 

the refractory silica scale, wliich has a different expansion 

from that of the iron and cracks very readily, 

just as does the enamel of a bathtub when lieated. 

making it very easy to remove. This application 

does away with hammering and is a great time-saver. 

It also tends to make easier labor conditions in the 

foundry. 

Worn out or broken steel parts can be replaced or 

repaired by welding. Excellent pipe joints can be 

made and should always be welded where vibration 

is very pronounced. Machinery guards, safety rails, 

etc., are being made constantly by welding. The 

value of oxy-acetylene for tinkering around any plant 

having a machinist is such that a separate portable 

outfit "should be kept for the repair or emergency gang. 

The machinist who is assigned to this kind of work 

should be provided with literature on welding and cutting. 

What is said to be one of the best treatises available 

is the Oxweld Manual, which is published and 

distributed free bv the Oxweld Acetylene Co. of Newark, 

N. J., Chicago and San Francisco. 

Manv foundries assign production welders to do odd 

jobs. It is much better to have a regular shop master 

mechanic look after the shop work. For most of the 

work which requires expert manipulation competent 

men are now generally available. 

It should be borne in mind that while repairs to 

broken castings, even those of moderate size, occupy 

e nsiderable time and floor space, they are, in a great 

many instances, sources of savings that more than 

justifv the practice. The use of oxy-acetylene in 

'the foundry is susceptible of further profitable de 

velopment. 

THE ANNUAL REPORT of the Minister of Mines in 

the Province of British Columbia gives an account 

of the mining operations for gold, coal and similar 

materials. It is issued from the office of Minister 

of Mines Williani Sloan, Victoria, B. C. It consists 

of nearly 400 pages, includes a map of British 

Columbia, and then gives a report of what has been 

discovered and transpired and produced by the different 

mines in different sections.

METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 20. 1920 

Fig. 1—General View in Shop. 

Shop Well Equipped for Big Output 

A Sheet Metal Shop Which Through Efficient and Practical 

Arrangement Turns Out Regular and Special Work, 

Puttyless Skylights and Many Radiator Hangers 

IN the manufacturing section of Long Island City, uate engineer of Cooper Union, is in charge of the 

in the vicinity of the Queensboro Bridge and East estimating department. 

River water front, at 95 Webster Avenue, is lo Tiie one-story brick building occupied by this concated 

the busy sheet metal shop of A. H. Jeter & Co. cern sets on a corner plot of ground, 75 x 100 ft, 

This is where the Jeter wall radiator hangers and and faces the south. One half of the front of the 

Jeter's puttyless steel skylights and an extensive line structure is given over to the office, whieh is divided 

of architectural sheet metal work and special construction 

are produced. 

by the entrance hall, and to the drafting room. The 

rest of the frontage has been converted into a street- 

The managing personnel of this organization is comlevel garage, large enough to shelter a motor truck 

posed of three experienced tinsmiths and a graduate and runabout. Directly back of the garage are the 

engineer. A. H. Jeter, president, served his apprenticeship 

in Rueben Burton's shop at Richmond, Va., and 

stock or store room and the hardware or miscellaneous 

stock room. 

then for 5 years was journeyman tinsmith with M. F. In the space back of the office and drafting room 

Westergren. Inc.. Xew York City. L. Parehefeld. Sr., is located the 48 x 75-ft. shop, which is commodious 

who is mechanical su 

ind well ventilated 

perintendent, learned 

and skylighted. A 

his trade in Germany 

general view in the 

and spent his first 14 

shop is given in Fig. 

years in the L'nited 

1 from the point and 

States as foreman of 

in the direction indi 

Kerven Co., N e w 

cated by the arrow A 

York. C. A. Taylor, 

in the plan of the 

secretary .-ind treas 

shop given in Fig. 2. 

urer of the company, 

From the floor plan 

was tutored in tin 

it will be noted that 

smithing by George 

at the southwest and 

de Mott. Englewood, 

northeast corners are 

N. J., and terminated 

shipping platforms 

12 years of service 

and, since the floor of 

with the New York 

the shop, as well as 

Central et Hudson 

that of the storeroom, 

River Railroad as su 

is 3 ft. higher than 

perintendent of heat 

the street level, it is 

ing, sheet metal and 

very convenient for 

plumbing of the Hud 

trucks to back up 

son. Harlem and Put 

to these exits and 

nam divisions. L. 

then to load or unload 

Parehefeld. Jr., gradmaterial. 

Fig. 

l of Shop Showing Location of Benches and Equipment.

AUCUST 20. 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 23. 

Entering the shop from the entrance hall on the 

left is seen two 30-ft. work benches, while back of 

them, close to the wall, is the power-driven Frevert 

drill, followed by the Bliss power press, made by E. 

W. Bliss & Co., Brooklyn, N. Y.. shown in Fig. 3, 

from a point and in the direction indicated by the 

arrow B. This machine, with an angle iron stand 

on the left having rollers for facilitating the move- 

The Jeter Hanger for Wall Radiators. 

ment of the bars, can be fitted with different sizes 

of dies and is used to punch out the semi-circular 

ends and holes of the radiator hanger, such as that 

shown in Fig. 4. 

The hanger is made of VXin. thick wrought steel 

bars specially selected for the purpose. This endows 

it with a strength that insures holding the largest 

radiators without sagging to interfere with steam or 

hot water circulation. It is bent into final form, 

after being cut and punched in the press, in the 10-ft. 

Loy & Nawrath power brake shown in the background 

of Fig. 5 from a point and in the direction indicated 

by the arrow C. 

Along the remaining west side wall space beyond 

the Bliss press are placed more work benches and 

overhead is suspended a 10-h. p. electric motor, wliich, 

tlirougli pulleys and belting, supplies all the motive 

power that is required for the diffefent machines in 

the shop. 

Thc 10-ft. power brake shown in Fig. 5 is also 

used for bending molding and skylight parts and in 

thc foreground oi the same picture can be noticed 

the power-driven 10-ft. shears upon whicli all large 

sheets of metal are cut. Between these two machines 

is placed a convenient revolving bench. 

Fig. 5—View Showing 

Power Shears, Cornice 

Brake and Rolling Work 

Tables. 

East of these shears is a belt-driven 3-ft. crimping 

machine, while in the rear northeast corner is a 20-ft. 

rack of shelves, as shown in Fig. 1, for storing sheets 

of metal. Also along the east wall can be seen a 

Dreis & Krump 10-ft. hand brake and a Keene 4-ft. 

hand brake, while in close proximity to tliese may be 

discerned a Queen City and a Niagara 3-ft. squaring 

shears. 

In the center portion of the shop is mounted a 

power-driven mitre machine, shown in Fig. 6 from 

the point .and in the direction indicated by arrow D. 

This machine proves most useful in cutting mitres in 

bars and the other cutting operations required in making 

skylights. Note the rolling work bench in the 

foreground, the 3-ft. forming rolls to the left and at 

the extreme left in the background the Stiles foot 

punch mounted on a work bench. Finally two emery 

wheels and a grindstone complete the power-driven 

apparatus. 

Along the west wall of the storeroom i.s a steel bar 

rack for storing angles and bar iron, while the remaining 

wall space is utilized for similar orderly pur- 

Fig, j—The General Service Bliss Press and Racks Used in 

Making Raditor Hangers


Fig. 7—Smoke House For Virginia Cured Hams 

poses. In the hardware stockroom are shelves and 

small bins for the convenient storage of bolts, screws, 

nuts and miscellaneous supplies. 

A small part of the hardware stockroom has been 

commandeered for domestic purposes, since a sheet 

metal smokehouse for hams, as shown in Fio;. 7 bv 

Fig. 6—View Showing Miter Cutting Pres: Forming Rolls and Shop 

the arrow E on the plan, has been put up. And there 

the process is carried out under a smoldering sawdust 

or wood shavings fire, without anv inconvenience 

to and little attention from the workmen and thus 

-Mr. Jeter has introduced into Brooklyn Virginiacured 

hams. 

The many work benches shown in the illustrations 

and on the plans so facilitate the handling of the 

various operations required in the manufacture of the 

wall radiator hanger and the puttyless steel skylight 

that a relatively small force produces this entire output 

and enables the shop also to complete many advantageous 

contracts for special sheet metal work. 

Who Is on the Note? 

W H E N you loan money, it makes a lot of difference 

whose signature i.s on the back of the 

note as security. Tlie maker of the note may 

be perfectly solvent but every careful man wants a 

good endorser's signature on the back in case of 

.accident. 

Some years ago, Dan Feeny, a prospector and 

miner, came into a Western mining camp to raise a 

little money to develop a claim he had discovered and 

located. He sought the president of the local bank 

whom we will call McCaskell and told him that he 

was confident he could make the property a profitable 

producer if he could borrow $2,000 to develop it. 

"Do you know Hugh Wallace?" asked the banker, 

naming a mining engineer whom he knew was familiar 

with the district where Feeny's property was located. 

"Well, you go down to the Red Onion and you'll find 

Hugh out in front. You tell him about the property 

and say that if he'll endorse your note I'll lend vou 

the $2,000." 

Feeny departed and returned in half an hour with 

a face as long as the distance between Schenectady 

and Troy. 

"Did you see Hugh?" asked the banker. Feeny 

nodded. "What did he say?" 

Feeny hesitated a moment and then burst out: "He 

said: 'You go back and tell that old 6 per cent, nickel 

cuddler that if he'll endorse vour note, I'll lend vou 

$2,000 on it.' " 

You occupy exactly the same position as Wallace 

and McCaskell. When you invest money you want to 

be guaranteed that you will be paid in full. If you 

invest in Government obligations, such as Government 

Savings Stamps. Treasury Savings Certificates, and 

Liberty Bonds, you secure the best endorsement in the 

world, that of the American people. Every citizen, 

and every resource that they and country possess is 

back of that obligation to insure that it will be paid in 

full when due. While the above is for savers of money 

there is in it too good a point to be lost for the plumbing, 

sheet metal and heating contractor. It is that 

order tor work is not worth taking or having unless 

you know the customer will pay.


Increase in Demand for Zinc Probable 

From Low Cost and Wide Adaptability 

Zinc a Metal of Many Valuable Properties 

Arthur D. Terrili 

Z I N C from our tri-state mines is having a farreaching 

effect upon the world's industry. A 

train of high-grade zinc concentrate seventy 

miles long cannot be put upon the market in one year 

at pre-war prices without greatly influencing mankinds 

of manufacture and the trend of inventive 

thought. This district is shipping twice as much zinc 

as ever before at the present price. An over-supply 

of any commodity as useful as zinc creates wider markets 

and new uses. Slowly yet surely the world is 

awakening to the fact that an enormous supply of 

zinc for many years to come may be depended upon 

at a very attractive price. Such knowledge will soon 

bring a readjustment in industry whereby increased 

production can be absorbed. 

This present year will see a big demand for zinc in 

England. With almost prohibitive fuel prices and 

damaged smelting works, the rest of Europe can 

scarcely supply itself. Since only two-thirds of the 

American retorts are now in operation, our zinc output 

can be much increased. 

So vast is the present demand of copper, lead and 

zinc that it takes more than a million tons of each of 

these metals to supply the world's markets. 

Zinc will always rank high among the indispensable 

metals. Each of the metals has properties peculiar to 

itself. Zinc has many. Each also has properties in 

common with other metals, and the question of supply 

and price determine the choice for each particular use. 

In both quantity and price zinc has such a decided advantage 

that it is steadily replacing several other 

metals in many of their uses, e. g., copper, nickel, tin 

and aluminum. The encouragement to use zinc with 

such a price advantage is very great. 

There are a thousand articles of hardware in which 

"General Manager 

Mineral Point Zinc Co , Depue, 111. 

By Arthur D. Terrili 

Use Zinc—You'll Find It Never Fails- 

For shitij ;les, sheathing, roofing, nails 

For flashings, ceilings, gutteis, rails; 

For brasses, bronzes, batteries, bails. 

l 7r T lioilers, wash boards, dinner pails: 

For rubber, barbed wire, foils flails: 

For glues, and dyes, and drugs for ails; 

I se Zinc—-You'll Find It Never Fails! 

For galvanizing, tubs, and pails; 

For sherardizing, coins, and nails; 

Desilvering, paints, and scales; 

Electrotyping, tires, and sails; 

Preserving wood, and saving jails; 

F T se Zinc—You'll Find It Never Fails! 

—Arthur D. Terrili 

zinc could be used to a greater extent tban at present. 

We must learn to use zinc. In Europe zinc finds its 

Roofing Among 

the Many 

Uses for Zinc 

greatest use in roofs, whereas in 

America zinc roofs have been practically 

unknown until the last few 

month.s. Research laboratories, advertising 

campaigns, "make it of 

zinc" buttons, zinc utensil exhibits and special films 

are all helping. However, knowledge of the fact that 

an abundance of zinc is going to keep the country supplied 

for years at a low price, will be one of the greatest 

incentives to the increased use of zinc. 

If a steady stream of metal is kept entering the 

markets of the world at a price which is only a fraction 

of the price of competing metals, it will be better 

for the tri-state district than boosting the price to 

new levels. Reduced cost by improved mining methods 

and increased milling efficiency are urgent needs. 

The United States Bureau of Mines and the experimental 

laboratory which we have reason to believe will 

materialize, is going to help. We would hail a price of 

$100 per ton for zinc concentrate as a great blessing. 

Pig Iron Shortage in Scotland 

Shortage of pig iron is seriously affecting the iron 

and steel trades in Scotland, according to Trade Commissioner 

Wilbur J. Page. 

"The astonishing statement that manufacturers in 

the iron and steel trades in Scotland could, with the 

orders that are on their books at the present time, use 

10 to 50 per cent more of finished and semi-finished 

steel and foundry iron is corroborated by leading firms 

in the industry," says Mr. Page. "The cause of this 

shortage in Scotland is the extreme scarcity of Scotch 

and Cleveland pig iron. '


Information Prepared by Pratt Institute at Request 

of International Molders' Union Tbat Will 

Be Widely Instructive 

A Study in Cupola Operation 

The announcement of a new course in Foundrv Practice at the 

Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y., in the International Molders' Journal 

brought manv letters to present it where practical men everywhere 

could benefit from it. The following is the first article to be presented 

in the Journal as compiled bv Richard M. Van Gaasbeek, head of 

Pratt foundry, and James M. Nichol of Local No. 22. who is in 

charge of the classes. This article was arranged from the writings of 

various authors by the instructors. 

IN preparing this study of cupola operation, thc 

text is intended to be used in conjunction with the 

practical operation of the cupola in the foundry. 

These questions and condensed answers are arranged 

Cupula 

to assist the student in understanding 

,A ,• t' le 5. With what material is the cupola lined? 

Fire brick and clay. 

(>. How many thicknesses of brick are generally 

used? 

Two. 

principles involved, to help him ex- 

Uperatton ,. ., , . ., ., . 

' press Ins ideas and to aid the instructor 

in knowing how thoroughly the subject is understood. 

1. What is a cupola? 

A vertical hollow shaft furnace usually of cylindrical 

section, in which pig iron is remolded for tiie pur 

7. How are they placed in the cupola? 

The lining is usually made of two thicknesses of 

arch brick placed on end with the flat sides in radial 

planes. The outer lining is kept about 'A in. away 

from the shell to provide for expansion and the interval 

is filled in loosely with sand and broken brick. 

pose of casting. 

8. Why should the lining be dried before meltinq 

2. A arne two examples or types of furnaces used in iron? 

foundry work? State wherein they differ. 

To prevent the excessive burning out of the lining 

The cupola where the metal and fuel are in intimate during a heat. Also prevents the great difference in 

contact. The reverberatory furnace where the metal is the expansion of the inner and outer parts of the cu 

melttd by a flame passing over it. which tends to minpola. The brick are laid with very close joints in 

imize the amount of oxidation in the metal. 

mortar composed of fire clay and sand. 

9. What is meant by daubing up? 

3. Into how many zones or divisions is the cupola 

divided? 

The cupola is divided into five zones, viz.: 

Thc crucible zone extending from the sand bottom to 

the tuyeres. 

The tuyere zone extending from the crucible zone to 

the melting zone. 

The melting zone reaching from the tuyere zone to a 

point about 20 in. above the tuyeres. 

The charging zone extending from the melting zoneto 

charging door. 

The stack extending from charging door to top of 

furnace. 

t. ll hat are the functions uf each zone? 

The object of the crucible zone is to hold the melted 

iron and slag. 

The tuyere zone is where thc blast enters in contact 

with tin fuel. Here combustion begins. 

The melting zone is where the melting occurs, no 

metal being melted above or below it. The melting 

occurs through the upper 1 to (i in. of this zone. 

The charging zone is tliat part containing the 

charges of iron and coke. 

The stack is the continuation of the cupola from 

charging door through the roof. Contracting tlle stack 

above the charging door has no influence upon the efficiency 

of the cupola. 

The process of repairing the lining of a cupola. 

10. With what mi.rture is the lining daubed? 

A mixture of y4 fire clay and % sharp sand for a 

thickness of : A in. Any joints are well filled. 

11. Why is daubing necessary? 

To restore the defective parts of the cupola lining 

.after a heat to the original lines as nearly as possible. 

12. What is the liottom or base plate used for. 

lor emptying the cupola at the end of a heat. The 

bottom is made in two or four sections according to the 

size of the cupola. It should have a dozen or more 

%-in. holes drilled through to allow any moisture in 

the bottom to escape. The doors are held in place by 

an iron post under the center which can readily be 

knocked out to drop the bottom. 

13. What is the sand liottom? 

The Layer of sand rammed upon the bottom doors 

ot the cupola to form a sloping hearth or crucible 

bottom. 

11. How is the sand bottom formed? 

The plates or doors are brushed over with clay 

water. The sand spread on them and evenly rammed. 

The best plan is to ram in courses 2 in. deep and tuck 

the sand into the empty spaces between the fire brick 

lining and the doors by means of the fingers. The


whole of the bottom must be perfectly solid without 

being dead hard. If too hard or wet the molten iron 

will Blister or scab the sand, thereby leading to leakage. 

The bottom should slope in all directions toward 

the tapping hole, the slope being 1 in. in 1 ft. and it 

should reach the tapping hole exactly on a level with 

its lower surface. The bottom is then black washed. 

15. What is thc shell of the cupola? 

The riveted steel-plate structure forming the cylindrical 

container for refractory material used as a furnace 

lining. 

16. What is the wind box or air chamber? 

The chamber surrounding the cupola at the tuyere 

level to equalize the volume and pressure of the air 

delivered to the tuyeres. 

17. What relation exists between the area of the 

30. What determines the height of the tuyeres? 

The amount of iron to be melted at one tap. 

31. What height should the tuyeres be above the 

sand bottom? 

From 10 to 20 in. above the sand bottom, depending 

upon thc quantity of melted iron to be collected before 

tapping. Where the iron is allowed to run continuously 

from the spout and in foundries doing light work 

the tuyeres may be even lower than 10 in. 

32. What relation exists between the area of the 

tuyeres and the area of the cupola? 

Roughly, the tuyere area should be one-tenth the 

cross section of the cupola in small and one-seventh in 

large exemplars. 

33. What functions do the tuyeres perform? 

They are the governors. It is through them tliat life 

wind bo.r and the area of the tuyeres? 

and combustion is given to the fuel by rapidly sup- 

The area of the wind box should be three or four 

times the combined area of the tuyeres. 

p.ving air. 

31. What are the sight covers? 

18. Why should the area of the wind bo.r be Openings in the wind chambers covered by hinged 

greater than the area of the tuyeres? 

doors with windows made of mica to enable the at 

In order that there should be sufficient air reservoir tendant to inspect conditions inside the cupola during 

to permit a steady pressure. 

melting. If necessary a bar can be inserted to clean 

19. What is the blast pipe? 

the tuyers. 

The conductor through whicli air under pressure is 35. What is the breast? 

carried from the blower to the air chamber (wind box) The lining of the opening through wliich molten iron 


20. What is the blast? 

A strong artificial current of air. 

is drawn from a cupola. 

36. Ho-w is the breast formed? 

The breast is made by taking a mixture of one-half 

21. What is the function of the blast? 

molding sand and one-half fire clay, thoroughly mixed 

To help combustion. 

22. How is the air for the blast supplied? 

and just moist enough to be kneaded. A quantity of 

this is placed around a bar of the required diameter 

The air for the blast is supplied by centrifugal to form the tap hole. This is put on the bottom in 

blowers of the Sturtevant style or by positive pressure exact line with the slope and little pieces of coke cov 

blowers of the Root type. 

ered with clay placed about it and pressed togetlier 

23. For successful melting what pressure of air is tightly. The entire opening may be filled this way, the 

required? 

coke and clay being rammed into place. The idea is 

For successful melting a large volume of air at low to have a material that will resist heat and pressure 

pressure is required. From 8 to 10 ounces will usually as well as withstand the cutting- action of the molten 

be found sufficient, in no case should be allowed to exceed 

14 ounces. 

24. How many cubic feet of air per ton of iron 

metal. 

37. What is the tap hole? 

The opening in the breast of a furnace or cupola 

should be allowed? 

through which the molten metal is allowed to run out 

As a rule 30,000 cu. ft. of air per ton of iron is 

allowed. This is somewhat small, especially if the air 

over the spout. 

38. What is the spout? 

contains much moisture. 35,000 cu. ft. per ton is bet A channel casting bolted to the cupola. When lined 

ter practice. 

with refractory material, it forms the continuation of 

2.5. What effect does the pressure of tjie blast have the bottom and carried the metal from the ta]) hole to 

upon the castings? 

The castings produced by low blast pressure are 

the ladles. 

39. What is meant by slag? 

softer and stronger, the loss by oxidation is less, there A mineral refuse from the melting of metals, consist 

is less lag, less expenditure or power and less injury ing of earthy or mineral impurities. 

to the lining of the cupola. 

10. What is meant by slag hole? 

26. Does coke require less pressure than coal? 

An opening in the cupola slightly above the top level 

Coke requires less pressure than coal and more vol 

of thc molten metal to he held in it, through which the 

ume of air as well as greater tuyere area. 

slag is drawn off. 

27. What effect does too much blast have upon the 

•II. What is the charging door? 

mcial? 

An opening in the cupola through which the charges 

Too much air must be avoided as it reduces the temiierature 

of the cupola and may produce dull iron. are introduced. 

28. Should the maximum blast be applied at the 12. In preparing the cupola for melting how is the 

commencement of a heat? 

At the commencement the blast should be low and 

bed prepared for starting the fire? 

A bed of shavings is spread evenly over the bottom, 

gradually increased to the maximum 

cn this a layer of kindling wood, then enough cord 

29. Jrhat is a tuyere? 

wood in short lengths to come well .above the tuyeres. 

An opening in the body of the cupola through which 

the blast is forced into the fuel bed. 

The doors in the wind box or two or more of those


coverin the tuyeres should be left open to admit air blast is put on. to allow the charges in the stack to 

to the fire. 

become well lieated. The openings in the wind box 

43. How much wood should be used in starting the are closed immediately after starting the blast. 

fire? 

55. How soon will the molten iron appear at the 

Suflicient wood to set the coke burning rapidly. Any epont after the commencement of the blast? 

more than this only fills up the cupola with ashes and The molten iron will appear at the spout in from 

prevents the coke settling down in such a manner as 8 to 10 min. after the commencement of the blast. 

to give proper support to the iron when it is charged. 56. How much melted iron should the cupola fur 

1-1. How much coke should be used on the bed? nish ? 

The wood should be covered with coke from a depth In general, the cupola should furnish 20 lb. of 

of from 12 to 15 in. 

melted iron per niinute per square foot of area of the 

15. How is the fire lighted? 

melting zone. 

A torch or match is applied through the tap hole. 57. Hozc can two mixtures of metal in the same 

46. After the fire is lighted how much coke should heat he separated? 

be added to complete bed? 

If it is desired to change the mixture during a heat 

After the fire is lighted and the top of the coke bed an extra amount of coke put between the two kinds of 

becomes red, enough coke is added to bring the top of metal retards the heat sufficiently to insure the melt 

the bed 20 in. above the tuyeres when the wood has ing of the first mixture and its removal from the cu 

burned out. 

pola before the other mixture starts to melt, or, the 

47. What would be the effect of using too little iron in the cupola should be melted and tapped out. 

coke on the bed? 

The blast stopped and the bed renewed with coke. 

The iron, after commencement of heat, would be Another grade of iron is then charged up and all 

come dull, the cupola bunged up and the bottom may melted down. 

have to be dropped. 

58. For a long heat zAiat precautions should be 

48. What would be the effect of using too much matte in lining the cupola. 

coke on the bed? 

If the cupola is operated continuously during the 

The melting would be slow and dull. 

day it is necessary to line down to a smaller internal 

49. Horc is the necessary amount of coke on the diameter and use a correspondingly lower volume of 

bed determined? 

blast. Arrange for a smaller melting area per hour 

The necessarv amount of coke is determined by gag in order to have a thicker lining to fall back upon on 

ing the charging door. 

account of the demands made upon this by so long a 

50. What determines the subsequent charqes of heat. 

coke? 

59. JVhat is meant by melting losses? 

The subsequent charges of coke should be sufficient The melting loss in the cupola is the reduction in 

to locate the top of the melting zone about 20 in. above weight of the metal incident to the melting operation. 

the tuyeres. 

In a well-managed cupola it should not exceed 4 per 

51. What proportion of coke and iron between cent of the annual average. 

charges is considered good practice? 

60. What records should be kept by the melter or 

The amount of coke between each charge of the iron foreman? 

and the preceding one should be 10 per cent of the The cupola records should show the amount of fuel 

iron. It is not the best policy to run the risk of mak and metal charged and the analysis of the same. The 

ing a poor heat by cutting down the coke. 

hour and minute when charging began, when the first 

52. How often should the charges be continued? blast we put on and when the first iron ran over the 

The charges should be continued until the cupola spout and when the bottom was dropped. The num 

is filled to the charging door. 

ber of castings poured, the number of castings in re 

53. Should the coke and iron be distributed uniturns, scrap made, percentage of metal in castings, 

formly? Why? 

percentage of metal in returns and the percentage of 

In charging care must be taken to distribute both melting losses. 

iron and coke uniformly. The pig iron (broken) should 61. If hy are such records necessary? 

be charged first, beginning at the lining and proceeding 

toward the center, pigs should be placed sidewise 

They give the necessary information allowing a 

calculation of the melting rate, the melting ratio and 

to the lining. Next comes the scrap, if there are large 

pieces they should he placed in the center of the cu 

show whether the bed was right and form a basis for 

preparing charges for future heats. 

pola with the pigs surrounding them. The iron must 62. What is a foundry flux? 

be kept well around the lining and care exercised to 

avoid cavities. If the scrap is fine it must not he 

charged so closely as to impede the blast. After the 

iron comes the coke, which must be evenly distributed 

Any substance which promotes the melting of another 

is called a flux. It is added to the cupola 

charges to unite with sand, ash and dirt during the 

melting to form a slag. 

throughout. With irregular charging very unsatisfac 63. Why are fluxes used? 

tory results may be expected. It may not only cause When the molten iron is tapped away there re 

dull iron but also result in clogging up the cupola to mains within the cupola whatever sand and clav may 

such an extent as to stop the process of melting en have adhered to the metal and the ash of the fuel. 

tirely. 

When melting has progressed for some time, this 

54. How long after the fire is started is the blast refuse begins to give trouble in obstructing the proper 

put on? 

passage of the blast and eventually bungs up the 

The fire should be started about 2 hr. before the cupola. Hence it is necessary to get this material into


a fluid form in order to remove it during the heat if 

it accumulates to an annoying extent. 

64. What is the principal fluxing agent used in 

the foundry? 

Limestone, it is the cheapest and best. It may be 

marble, soft limestone, hard limestone, oyster shells, 

muscle shells, but it must be good. There should be 

at least 51 per cent of lime present. 

65. What quantity of fluxing materials should be 

used? 

The qauntity of limestone used need not exceed 1 

per cent in ordinary cases, that is, with scrap not over 

30 per cent, of the mixture. Where the scrap is dirty 

and in great excess the quantity may have to be increased 

to 2 per cent. 

66. What is the bod? 

A cone-shape lump of clay attached to the end of 

an iron or wooden bod stick, used to close the tap bole 


67. What is the bod stick? 

The bod stick is an iron bar about 1 in. in diameter 

having at one end a flat disc of 2V2 in. in diameter. 

To this disc is attached the clay bod used in stopping 

up the tap hole. 

68. How is the tap hole closed? 

In stopping the stream of molten metal, the bod is 

placed above thc stream at the tap hole, i.s forced 

downward into the hole, squeezing off the stream. 

69. What is the tapping bar? 

A long steel rod with a wedge or pointed end used 

to remove the bod. 

Sheet Shortage in Canada 

The famine in black and galvanized sheets which 

has been under way in Canada for the past three or 

four month.s continues to hold the market in its grip. 

Some dealers say that new material is being received 

from time to time, but this is by no means sufficient 

to take care of the heavy orders they have on their 

books, and is being doled out in small quantities to 

consumers whose needs appear to be the most urgent, 

and by the time a few of these have been taken care 

of the supply on hand is exhausted and there are still 

a large number of customers who are forced to wait 

until another supply arrives. The shortage has now 

become so acute that manufacturers are unable to get 

anything like enough sheets to keep their plants going 

at full time and some are complaining that they have 

been forced to cease the production of certain articles 


To MONEY IN THE BANK 

ATTENTION cannot be drawn tc a good thing too often and 

opportunity is afforded for more tradesmen to become 

aware that the first article in every issue for several months 

will be devoted to ma 1 ing tradesmen masters of the art of 

selling and that the opening of the serial will be made in the 

issue of Friday, Sept. 3, instead of the date originally set. 

More money is made by the tradesman who has watched 

salesmen and found THE PATH THAT LEADS by adopting the same 

method. TO MONEY IN THE BANK 

Tradesmen have all the information to induce a man to 

buy except the art of salesmanship and once acquired they can 

keep a corps of men busy carrying out the contracts they make. 

This means the use of an immense quantity of goods 

where the most profit lies. 

You can readily find and follow THE PATH THAT gg* 

•_• -ii 4. i . ., ii> . ,.t1 TO MONEY IN THE BflNK 

lf you will not let a single selling artitle 

pass unread and if you have your employees study and 

observe what they teach, the people in your community will 

be better served and they will sing your praises. 

You have the information and all you want is activity 

and the sales art to wear a deep rut in THE PATH THAT LEADS 

TO MONEY (N THE BANK

216 METAL WOP, KER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 20. 1920 

Business Profits Reduced When Truck Is Idle 

Important to 

Maintain Motor Truck Efficiency 

Regular Inspection of Storage Battery and Other Parts Essential 

T H E motor vehicle is a vital link in the successful 

development of a slieet metal or heating and 

plumbing business since goods must be taken from 

the transportation terminals and delivered to the job 

or shop and supplies, materials and tools carried 

from the shop to the job. Yet it is surprising to note 

how few managers and tradesmen have a regular and 

systematic inspection of their motor trucks or maintain 

a record of their performance. 

For efficient operation of the car or truck the electrical 

system must be in perfect working order and, 

since tlie storage battery is the heart of this system, 

of course it has to be taken proper care of. 

A storage battery is simply a device for storing 

energy at one time for use at another. Energy to 

m!,ny may be considered synonymous with electricity, 

but as electricity is not concrete mat- 

The Storage ter it cannot be stored. Therefore, 

Batteru electricity causes a chemical change to 

take place in certain substances when 

it is caused to now through them and these substances 

in endeavoring to return to their original state produce 

electricity. The process of putting energy into 

the battery is termed "charging" and when it is delivering 

energy it is "discharging." 

The storage battery, like the primary dry cell battery 

used for ringing door bells, consist of two kinds 

of plates covered by a solution which acts upon the 

plate in such a way as to give to one of them a tendency 

to deliver a current of electricity and to the 

other the tendency to draw in current. When a circuit 

between the plates is made like connecting them 

together witli a wire, there is a flow of electrical current 

through the wire due to the action between the 

plates and the solution. 

The storage battery, however, differs from the primary 

battery in that after the action of discharge 

has "taken place the plates and solution can be restored 

to their original or charged condition by sending 

a current of electricity through the batteries in a 

direction opposite to that of discharge. Thus a storage 

battery may be described as a "restorable" 

battery. 

There are two general types of storage batteries. 

The first is the lead-acid cell, such as the Exide, made 

by the Electric Storage Battery Co., Philadelphia: 

the Gould, the Gould Storage Battery Co., 30 East 

l-'ortv-second Street, New York City, and the Willard. 

the Willard Storage Battery Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 

The other type is the nickel-iron-alkaline cell, like 

the Edison, made by the Edison Storage Battery Co.. 

Orange, N. J. 

The hrst tvpe uses lead plates ad a sulphuric acid 

solution, while the Edison battery has nickel iron 

plates immersed in an alkaline electrolyte. 

On automobiles with an electric starter the battery 

is used as a reservoir from which energy is supplied 

to crank the engine, light the lamps and supplv sparks 

for ignition. The energy so used is automatically 

restored by the car's generator when the engine is 

running faster than a certain speed. On cars without 

starters the battery serves the same purposes except 

cranking the engine, but the energy must be 

restored by disconnecting the battery from the system 

and giving it a bench charge. 

Here is what liappens when starting a car: By 

pressing the starting button a switch is closed so that 

current ean flow from battery to starting motor. The 

starting motor begins to turn, spinning the 

To Start engine and, if the ignition switch is closed; 

the Car the current flows to the coil and distribtor 

and finally to the spark plugs. The 

engine now turns under its own power and the starting 

motor is automatically disengaged. Current from 

the generator is being supplied to the battery so that 

it will be there available for lighting, ignition and 

restarting. 

No battery works alone, but when in service it is 

only part of the electrical circuit. Other parts are 

the generator, the starting motor, the distributor, the 

coil and the connecting wires. Every moving part 

has to be working properly or the battery suffers. 

There are three prime causes of trouble in the electric 

system: Loose connections, dirt and wear. Dirt 

or water in the distributor, worn motor or generator 

brushes, dirty spark plugs and a broken or short circuit 

in the wiring are all conditions to be guarded 

against. 

Just because the storage battery is snugly tucked 

away out of sight is no reason that it be out of mind. 

It requires very little attention but that 

Regular little is absolutely necessary and vital. 

Attention The importance of regular attention*can- 

Esscntial not be too strongly emphasized. Neglect 

and abuse to-day may not show up for 

weeks or months, but eventually the penalty is paid. 

These simple rules, if followed, should forestall 

most battery trouble: 

1. Keep plates just covered with solution 

and add only distilled water. 

2. Take hydrometer readings even' two 

weeks in the winter and weekly in summer and 

if thev are less than 1.150, recharge of battery 

is necessary. A reading between 1.150 and 

1.200 indicates half charged battery and, if there 

is no charging generator on the car. the battery 

must be recharged. Readings above 1,225 show 

battery is in working condition.

AUGUST 20. 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 247 

3. Keep connections tight .'ind covered with 

vaseline. 

1. Keep filling plugs tight and battery dry 

and clean. 

5. Watch for overheating, particularlv in 

summer. Danger point near at 100 deg. Fahr. 

In the winter time the tax on the battery is the 

heaviest. The days are short and often stormy. The 

nights are long and dark and the car lights are used 

more frequently. The engine is cold, the oil stiff and 

carburetion is slow. Therefore, it is harder to crank 

the motor and it requires more time. Generally the 

car is run at slower speed and for shorter distances so 

that the battery gets less current from the generator 

although it must give out more current to lights and 

starter. 

If the motor car is kept during the winter in an 

unheated garage, there is always the danger of the 

battery freezing. Therefore, frequent hydrometer 

readings should be taken and the battery kept charged 

to capacity. A temperature of 60 deg. below zero is 

required to freeze a fully charged battery of 1.260 

specific gravity, but a half-charged battery of specificgravity 

of 1.210 freezes at 20 deg. below zero, while 

a battery further discharged is in danger around zero 

weather. 

The institution of a regular and systematic inspection 

of all parts of the motor truck and the making 

of a record of its performance not only adds to the 

length of service received hut prevents the profits of 

the business being curtailed through truck breakdowns 

or forced idleness. 

Requirements for a Sanitary and Healthful Shop 

Efficiency of Workers Increased by Provision of 

Good Clean Air and Proper Ventilation 

W I T H each passing year results are more forcibly 

impressing employers with the necessity of 

having safeguarded, healthful and comfortable 

conditions prevail in offices and workrooms in order to 

operate business at highest efficiency. In addition to 

general cleanliness and orderliness, pure air, freedom 

from dust and gas, adequate light, good drinking water, 

proper toilet rooms, wash rooms and lockers are 

essential, and they all have an influence on efficiency, 

says Bulletin No. -17, issued by the Federal Board for 

Vocational Education. 

In some places where there is no g_s or smoke good 

ventilation can be obtained by opening every window 

in the room at the top and bottom, thereby producing 

a circulation of air in and out and to avoid drafts, a 

12-in. board may be so attached at the top of the sash 

alt an angle of* 45 deg. as to extend 1 in. above it, 

wliile a similar board should be placed vertically on 

the window sill about 2 in. back from the sash. 

Each room should be provided with a thermometer 

and a temperature of 60 to 65 deg. should be maintained 

where active work is being done, while for 

sedentary work 68 deg. is advisable. 

In the' average foundry or forge shop good ventilation 

can be secured if the roof is sufficiently high and 

there is adequate window space on the sides and a 

spacious monitor extending through the center of the 

building. 

• ust ur o-as condition in a shop, no matter how bad, 

can be eliminated by a properly designed exhaust system, 

which catches the fumes as near the place of 

origin as possible by a suitably de- 

To Eliminate signed enclosure or hood and prevents 

Bust and Gas them from becoming disseminated in 

the air. For buffing and polishing 

wheels the sides of the hood should cover at least the 

back half of the wheel, as determined by a vertical 

.ine drawn through the axis. The top should be so 

constructed tbat it comes as close to the wheel as possible 

when the latter is new and be provided with an 

adiustable guard or slide wliich can be lowered as the 

surface of tlie wheel wears down. 

A hood without a catch basin is recommended as 

more efficient. The outlet pipe of the nood should be 

attached at an angle of 45 deg. to the vertical and an 

adjustable apron should be attached at the mouth of 

tiie hood witli its farthest point not closer than 4 in. 

to the nearest point of the wheel. 

On buffing and polishing wheels 4 in. or less in 

width, the hood should be 6 in. wide, while on wheels 

larger the hood should be not less than 2 in. or more 

than 3 in. wider than the wheel. 

The general construction of a hood for grinding 

wheels is the same as for buffing wheels, except that 

it must be made sufficiently strong to sustain the shock 

of an explosion and the top should extend forward not 

Vss than 25 deg. beyond a vertical line drawn through 

the axis of the wheel. Where heavy grinding is done 

a h -od with a catch basin is desirable. 

The following sizes of inlet pipes are recommended 

for hoods on grinding, buffing and polishing wheels: 

Diameter of Wheel Diameter of Pipe 

0 to 10 in. 3 to 4 in. 

HI to IS in. 4 to 5 in. 

IS to _4 in. .5 to 6 in. 

Over 24 in. 6 in. 

The smaller sizes of pipes specified above are for 

light work and where the hood covers two-thirds of 

the wheel. The inlet pipe should be attached to the 

main pipe at an angle of 15 deg. The area of the 

main pipe should equal the combined area of the inlet 

pipe plus 20 per cent. The main pipe should be 

placed below the hood and as close to the wheels as 

possible. A cut-out gate should be provided in each 

inlet pipe. 

A sanitary toilet room is a prime necessity and 

should be so Incited as to open to the outside light 

and air. Four square feet of window space should be 

provided for one water-closet or urinal and 2 sq. ft. 

for each additional fixture. Individual water-closets 

with howls made of vitreous china are the best and 

one closet should be provided for every twenty emiiloyees. 

It is desirable to have the partitions between

METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 2D, 1920 

closets 5 to 6 ft. high with 6 to 12 in. open space at 

the bottom and a dwarf door provided for each compartment. 

Many toilet rooms are made insanitary by 

poor urinals. The full-length ruinal made of earthenware 

proves quite satisfactorv and one should be provided 

for every forty men employed. 

Every plant should be provided with adequate washing 

facilities and one outlet for every six employees 

is a good standard. Common towels should be provided. 

Clothing lockers should occupy a separate room 

and the ventilated steel type is the most sanitary. 

Pure drinking- water with faucets placed conveniently 

for the workmen is essential to efficiency in a 

shop. The common drinking cup should be prohibited, 

while sanitarv bubbling fountains should be provided 

and the cup should be so constructed as not to 

serve as a container, thus compelling the employees 

to "bite the bubble." The jet or discharge stream 

of water should be at a small angle with the vertical. 

Keeping all parts of the building and the surrounding 

grounds clear of rubbisli and dirt is not only an 

aid to health, accident and fire prevention, but sets a 

good example for the employees to follow, particularly 

when waste receivers are plentifully supplied. 

Reviving an Old Maxim 

'By Edward Hautt ' 

THERE apparently occurs every so often a time 

when the community or the individual must submerge 

personal issues and consider the effect 

which their acts will have upon society as a whole. 

The present time calls for a most liberal application 

of the Golden Rule not only in the building business, 

but in the business of the world. 

Nations should pause in their greedy scramble for 

new territory while the getting is good to ask themselves: 

"Is it wise to take advantage of what is apparentlv 

an opportunity to profit by the inability of 

our opponents to resist?" Similarly in our own particular 

business, should not contractors ask themselves: 

"If I were compelled by necessity to build to-day, 

would I feel fairly treated if I had to pay the prices 

demanded?" Should not material producers and dealers 

say to themselves: "Is it right for me to ask the 

public under the stress of emergency produced by war 

conditions to pay the prices I am asking?" And the 

building mechanic ask himself: "If I were compelled 

to build would I wish to give the rate of pay for the 

service which I am giving.'''' 

In each case tlie answer probably would be "No." 

But until the various interests throughout the world, 

whether national, state, municipal, group or individual 

employer or employee, so order their demands upon 

the rest of humanity, that they ask no more than they 

would voluntarily give in the same case, we shall have 

strife and turmoil in every department of society. In 

other words, if the individual will lay aside self-interest, 

and work for the community as a whole, conditions 

will soon become normal. 

There is nothing new in the problem of human existence. 

To-day's problems are only a recurrence of 

what has gone before. Disputes have always been 

*Strobel Steel Construction Co., Chicago. 

adjusted by one side or the other wielding to either 

force or persuasion. Therefore, why not clarify the 

present unsettled condition by anticipating what is 

surely coming to pass, by giving up untenable demands 

for intolerable conditions and by going ahead 

cn the principle that what is objectively good for the 

other fellow is subjectively good for us? Some one 

must make the start. Why not do it now? Stabilize 

our own industry, and if possible, set an example to 

the rest of the world?—Bulletin of Associated General 

Contractors. 

Must Solve Our Own Problems 

First 

MEMBERS of the engineering professions were 

recently told by Herbert C. Hoover that if 

America is to contribute to the cause of civilization, 

it must first solve its own problems. He declared 

that both national and world problems were 

predominately economic. "We are swamped with 

debt," he said, "and burdened with taxation. Credit 

is woefully inflated and speculation and waste are 

rampant." 

Every economist agrees that the solution of these 

economic problems, important and so pressing in the 

affairs of the nation, depends on thrift, wise buying, 

elimination of waste and extravagance and on saving 

and safe investment, preferably in Government savings 

cpr-n-itjps. 

Yet the same papers which reported Mr. Hoover's 

conclusions carried news that $1,600,000 worth of furs 

had been sold that same dav at prices showing an average 

of over 50 per cent, over tliose recorded last fall. 

The manufacturers and those who receive these extraordinary 

puce, a.,._: "Weil, what are you going to 

do about it?" 

There is but one thing for the public to do about 

high prices. That is. for eaeh individual to buy no 

more than actual necessity demands until such prices 

have been abolished. The reduction in demand for 

luxuries and non-necessities thus secured will mean 

an increase in production of real necessities with a 

consequent price reduction right down the line. 

If the money thus conserved is put into Government 

savings securities, such as Government Savings 

Stamps and Treasury Savings Certificates until prices 

fall, the money will be kept safe, it will yield a profit 

and will be ready for use when the purchasing power 

ot the dollar has returned to normal. 

Profits come to the man who takes advantage of 

sure opportunities. Buy Liberty Bonds NOW, while 

market prices are favorable. They are "backed by the 

nation's strength." 

You CAN'T LOSE the handsome profits due you if 

you buy Liberty Bonds at present market prices and 

keep them until maturity. The wealth and credit 

of the nation are pledged to their redemption at par. 

'Aery well." said Mohammed to the Liberty Bond. 

"If I can't sell you at par I will buy some of you at 

present bargain prices !" Whereupon he went and did 

thus, and eventually took profits accordingly. And 

his action became a tradition among men.



problems— the place to 

gather and to scatter Information. 

SEK 

FROM L. A. W., Los ANGELES, CAL.—On looking 

over the article on page 27 of METAL WORKER, PLUM 

BER AND STEAM FITTER of July 

Patterns for 9, 1920, for a pattern for spiral 

Spiral Chute chute, I am surprised at Fig. 3. 

Around Cylinder The pattern as given is impos- 

.: sible, as I have shown in one 

corner of my sketch. I have developed this pattern 

by triangulation without twist. 

ANSWER: The sketch sent in by our correspondent 

shows the two ends of the pattern shape in Fig. 3 

joined together, making an abrupt break, thus indicating 

that our correspondent traced the pattern as it 

appears on page 29, and joined the two ends together, 

but failed to read in the text the cause of this exaggerated 

taper along the lines J-E and H-F. For his 

benefit as well as for others, who only look at the cuts 

and do not read the text, the following will clear up 

any misunderstanding. The problem is one where the 

elbow sections are to be made from heavy metal and 

one end had to fit inside of the other, thus requiring 

a slight taper at the ends of the pattern shape, greatly 

exaggerated in Fig. 3. In so small a drawing as 

shown on page 29 this taper could not be shown and 

it was for this reason that the difference was exaggerated 

in diameters between the neutral diameter 

of the small end and the neutral diameter of the large 

end, as shown respectively by the profiles h and i 

above the pattern shape in Fig. 3. The girth of the 

small diameter was placed on the line C-l) and the 

girth of the large diameter on the line T-G, causing 

the exaggerated taper from J to E and II to 1 m 

the pattern. Knowing that this exaggerated taper 

might cause misunderstanding, there was mentioned 

in the text on page 29, second column, tenth line from 

the bottom the following caution: "Note the taper 

from J to E and H to F whicli is greatly exaggerated. 

so as to show the principles involved." Instead of 

our correspondent reading the text, he simply traced 

the pattern, as shown in Fig. 3, joined the two ends 

J-E and H-F and of course had an irregular break. 

As before-mentioned, this exaggerated taper was put 

in to show the principles involved in allowing for 

the lapped joint for No. 10 or 9-64-in. thick metal. 

FROM F. R., VERMONT—While in the home of one 

of my customers the owner's wife was complaining of 

the excessive heat, most of which was caused by the 

kitchen range and, as they had an oil stove for the 

cooking, the range fire was necessary only because of 

the need of hot water. 

This furnished lead for me to suggest that if she 




-ma_AHS 

would have a kerosene water heater installed it would 

eliminate the need of thc fire in the range and supply 

all the hot water wanted. I suppose the wiseacres 

would say that I took advantage of 

Hot JVater With- the psychological moment, but I 

out the Heat of would go a little further than that 

a Kitchen Fire and say that 1 read the METAL 

WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER and therefore knew of the things needed for 

my customer's wants. I got the job and installed a 

two-burner Perfection water lieater, as shown by the 

accompanying illustration. 

Arrangement .7 

Two-Burner Perfection 

Water 

Heater. 

I took off the drain faucet and put a nipple and 

tic in the line at that point and put the faucet back 

in the end of the tee. From the other outlet I ran 

%-in. galvanized pipe to bottom connection of water 

heater. From tin top of the water lieater I ran flow 

pipe up to and connected with the hot water line just 

as it left the boiler. 

I put the heater up higher than I wanted to, as my 

customer wanted the oil burners up away from the 

floor draft. While this makes it heat a little slower, 

the water, on leaving the heater, is some hotter on 

account of the slower circulation. It is working to 

the satisfaction of my customer and she has recommended 

her friends to have the same kind installed by 

me. It is just one more case where I have found it 

{Continued on pnije 262)

METAL WORKER, PLUMRER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 20. 1920 


Outings in thc Trade The Buyer Becoming Careful 

T H E R E is room for only one opinion about trade 

outings, and that is, that they arc a good thing 

for the tradesmen and their customers. A custo 

mer has a great deal more respect for the man who 

shuts up his establishment once a year and takes a 

day off with his fellow tradesmen to make their ac 

quaintances, to establish more firm friendships and to 

exchange information from whicli the customer will 

benefit. This impression is more deep and lasting on 

the man who may come to the establishment for some 

thing to be done and go to another and another and 

then find that in all the windows there is a notice of 

the outing of the association of which the tradesman 

is a member. That man will realize then that these 

notices have been banging in front of him for some 

time and he should have timed his visit to suit the con 

veniences better. One of the gifeat difficulties or 

drawbacks to a general smooth running of a trade 

and the cause of friction and unnecessary competition 

and price cutting is the lack of personal acquaintance 

and sound confidence among the tradesmen in the 

same line. The great need all through life as it is 

lived under the present conditions is more mingling 

with the fellowman. The feeling of brotherly interest 

interferes with the narrow-minded criticism that some 

times is offered of the man with whom you are com 

peting for the business. If you know him well and 

have a kindly interest in his welfare, when somebody 

comes along and says his prices are very much below 

yours, your very knowledge of his every-day life en 

ables a serene feeling in spite of the reported cause 

for exasperation. You know that the man is incapable 

of the things which are reported about him. A sound 

friendship will insure your being able to go to his 

shop and get the things you want when you are in 

special need. You will know also that he will send 

you a good workman under certain stress if you have 

to have one. It will also prepare you to make like 

sacrifices for his benefit. This is the reported result 

from all sections of the country of thc friendships 

formed at many outings and is the reason that outings 

occur every year and are encouraged by the sounder 

members of tin- trade because they know there will 

be benefits for .ill. particularly when there is a feeling 

of unrest .'ind suspicion abroad in the world which 

may creep in among those in the same field. 

E V E N in repairs it is becoming customary for 

those who need the services of the plumber, the 

heating contractor or the sheet metal worker to 

ask for a bid on the work tliat is needed. Prices 

have advanced so much in the labor and in many ma 

terials that those who do not take precautions in 

knowing cost in advance have felt that they have been 

bitten. Therefore, as the result of their talk with 

others and their previous experiences, they are insist 

ing on knowing in advance what will be the expense 

for necessary repairs. In many instances after the 

price is given as correctly as it is possible under the 

circumstances, the price has been considered too high 

and the order has been withheld for the needed work. 

This situation is being quite widelv reported. It en 

tails upon contractors in this field the necessity of do 

ing needed publicity work to make it clear to buyers 

why it is impossible to quote anything like the old 

prices under present conditions. They should fa 

miliarize themselves with the governing factors so as 

to be able to make it clear that a wait or delay will 

bring little relief and may entail further expense to 

put the property in proper condition to withstand the 

ravages of time and weather. 

Too little educational work has been done in our 

field by those engaged in it. In consequence, the pub 

lic entertains feelings of suspicion for which there 

are no grounds, except the neglect to make everybody 

familiar with the situation. While first-class skilled 

workmen were formerly employed from $4 to $6 a day, 

now $10 to $12 a day is nearer the wage for much 

less skillful and efficient workmen. The prices of 

many materials show as much as a 50 per cent ad 

vance and some very much more. 

The man who lias kept his trade papers and can 

turn to the markets of a year ago and the present time 

can make it very clear to his customers that his prices, 

while very burdensome to those who must have work 

done, are nevertheless absolutely fair and give prom 

ise of holding for some time yet to come. Those who 

neglect to do such educational work naturally run 

into some disagreeable experiences and an occasional 

loss of a customer.


News of the 


Western Trade Golfers Meet at Kenilworth 

Good Scores and Close Competition Mark Thc Day 

Next Meet At Riverside, 111., Aug. 31 

A day of real sport was enjoyed by forty-four 

members and guests of the Western Trade Golf Association 

at the North Shore Golf Club, Kenilworth, 

111., on Tuesday, Aug. 10. liven though Old Sol did 

not make his appearance until late in the morning, and 

little showers dampened the turf during the qualifying 

round, the enthusiasts did not let it interfere with their 

pleasure and were finally rewarded with an ideal day. 

Some excellent scores were turned in at the end of 

the morning round, E. J. Ewing shooting a 37, which 

is only 2 above par for the 9 holes, while "Sandys'' 

guest, J. G. Miller, shot the 9 in par. 

All did justice to an excellent luncheon, served in 

the club house at noon, after which the foursomes were 

made up for afternoon play. The rivalry was keen 

and some good scores were made for the association 

cup and flight prizes. 

Bill Byrd did the 18 holes with a gross of 95, and 

his handicap of 29 gave him a net of 66; so that the 

association cup was his. Two incidents during the 


Gross Handicap net 

C. E. Hastings 46 9 37 

F. D. Keeler -II 3 38 

It. E. Keeler 51 12 39 

1. G. Miller (Guest) 37 2 35 

"H. E. Harper 61 15 49 

II. M. Algeo • 61 15 46 

F. Curtis (Guest) 61 15 46 

E. W. Sanborn 46 10 36 

L. B. Fulton _ 14 34 

H. W. Booth 55 15 4f) 

W. W. Wickersham 43 7 .'6 

J. E. Sharp 53 9 44 

C. C. Choate 55 IS .40 

A. S. Lindeblad 57 15 42 

los. Carroll 52 8 44 

H. II. Shaw 46 6 40 

Wm. Byrd 50 14 36 

K. Collings •• 46 10 , 38 

G. \V. Christopher 48 10 38 

F. S. Crumley .48 15 33 

C. R. Elliott 53 13 40 

A. L Ewing 42 6 36 

C. M. Sherrill 53 13 40 

.E. C. Garritv 60 15 45 

K. C. FHndef 47 10 37 

W. E. McCullem 65 15 50 

Hugh Witney 47 10 37 

G. J. Meyer 55 15 40 

D. E. McCabe 46 10 36 

I. P. Dugger 53 15 38 

F. P. Keeney 45 9 36 

C. P. Herbert 45 " 9 3s 

H. Evans 55 . 15 , 40 

M. T. Czarnccki 44 8 36 

... H. Blatchford -.. 44 8 36 

Paul Blatchford 48 9. 38 

VV. B. Dale 46 14 39 

I,. R. Taylor 45 6 39 

Martin Weil 61 15 46 

water hazard on the course. 

A fine dinner was enjoyed in the. evening, and 

Vice-President Wickersham served as master of ceremonies 

in the absence of President Little. When it 

was announcd that Bill Byrd had won the association 

cup, he "arose to the occasion and launched the trophy 

appropriately." The winners of flight prizes were as 

Left Top—M. J. Czarniecki Driving: Off. Right—Shtir- 

Tite Curtis at the Tee. Below—H. Evans, B. C. Garrity. 

H. B. Sherrill and A. S. Lindeblad. 

follows: F. S. Crumley, C. P. Flerbert, H. E. Keeler. 

F. D. Keeler, M. J. Czarniecki, C. Elliott, J. P. Dugger, 

P. M. Munn, F. P. Keeney and A-. J. Ewing. 

The host of the day, C. E. Hastings, with a net 

score of 70, was presented with the gue.st prize, a 

silver metal fob of the association, and the board of 

directors of the North Shore Golf Club was given an 

unanimous vote of thanks for the courtesy extended 

the association. 

Both E. C. Garrity and H. M-. Algeo had a gross 

score of 129 for the 18 holes, so were tied for the 

Duffers' Cup.' This tie will be played off at the next 

meet. 

Six new members were elected and-arc J. E. Sharp. 

Milwaukee; Henry O'Callaghan, O. C. Steen, Albert 

day's play besides thc winning of the cup will serve Webb, Paul Johnson and A. T Marten. • _,.-. 

to make it a memorable day. For one thing, he has The next tournament of the association' will be :oti 

been promised that an ojieration will be performed Aiigust-31 at Riverside. 111., and at this meet-"Dick" 

on that handicap. Then at the fourth hole his ball Collings will donate a- non-electric vacuum cleaner-to 

bit the tee marker and landed in the water pail at the 

tee box, so that Bill put a new (and the only one)

METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER Ana sr 20. 1920 

be played for in blind bogy between 70 and 100. 

J. E. Sharp invited the association to play at the 

AFTERNOON PLAY IN FOURSOMES 

Gross Handicap net 

Frank S. Crumlev (winner) 98 30 65 

I.. B. Fulton 98 28 70 

I. G. Miller 79 5 74 

\V. B. Dale 100 28 78 

Wm. Bvrd (cup winner) 95 29 66 

C. P. Herbert (winner) 87 18 69 

D E. McCabe 100 21 79 

E. W. Sanborn 100 30 80 

H. E. Keeler (winner) 98 24 74 

R. C. Flinder % 21 75 

II. E. Whitney 97 20 77 

(.. E. Hastings 88 18 -0 

F. D. Keeler (winner) 81 6 75 

L. R. Taylor «5 12 i3 

Paul Blatchford 93 18 75 

Richard Collings Did Not Finish 

M. 1. Czarniecki (winner) 87 16 71 

X. H. Blatchford 96 25 71 

C. C. Choate 112 30 82 

H. W. Booth 113 30 83 

C. Elliott (winner) 90 24 72 

II. W. Evans 102 36 72 

C. M. Sherrill 101 26 75 

C. J. Meyer 113 30 82 

I. P. Dugger (winner) 98 24 74 

1. E. Sharp 90 24 72 

A. S. Lindeblad 106 30 76 

los. Carroll 106 16 90 

P. M. Munn (winner) 104 30 74 

II. E. Harper Ill 30 81 

Frank Curtis 112 30 82 

RH. M. Algeo 129 30 99 

V P. Keeney (winner) 114 30 84 

Martin Weil 118 30 88 

W. E. McCollum 123 30 90 

E. C. Garrity 129 30 99 

A. I. Ewing (winner) 80 13 67 

H. 'Shaw 84 12 72 

W. W. Wickersham 91 15 76 

G. W. Christopher 101 18 83 

Wm. T. Brace 101 30 7 

U. L. Ottke 83 12 7 

T. Martin 112 30 82 

exhibition of material or to make room reservations 

for those who intend to attend the meeting. It is 

expected that it will be a large meeting because the 

officers of some 300 cities have receiv id from President 

Groeniger a letter explaining the i bject and purpose 

of the meeting and the desirab ity of having 

their plumbing inspector or city sai itary engineer 

attend the meeting. 

Chicago Plumbers Enjoy Outing 

Large Attendance at Enjoyable Gathering at 

Michigan City, Ind. 

F'our hundred master plumbers, their ladies, children 

and guests heeded the call of President C. W. 

Alcock to see what Ernie Wagner and his staff had 

in store for them at the outing of the Chicago Master 

Plumbers' Assoeiation at Michigan City, Ind., on 

Aug. 12. 

The crowd gathered early and found points of vantage 

to enjoy the sail. The committee lined the dock 

and were solicitous for everyone's comfort. There 

was a capacity crowd aboard and when the steamer 

Florida shored off Secretary Peter Munn, Charley 

Drier and about 25 others were not on board. It was 

a great disappointment and as National Vice-President 

Joe Cannon said, "All the regular fellows were 

left behind." But were the "R. F." downhearted? 

Nix. They waved good-by and trotted down to the 

railroad station, climbed on the "rattler" and arrived 

just as the steamer was warped into her berth at 

Michigan City. Some connection and reunion. 

Past National President Pat. Murphy expressed 

great concern for Ernie Wagner's safety and said that 

Blue Mound Golf Club, Milwaukee, some time in Sep he'd try the case promptly. 

tember, and Frank D. Keeler asked the club to play 

On the boat the older folks enjoyed the breeze or 

on the Rockford Country Club course. Both invi 

played cards while the younger ones danced to sharpen 

tations were accepted. 

Sanitary Engineers" Program 

their appetites. Another group forward sang popular 

as well as old-time songs with "Bill" Gawne con 

Interesting Papers To Be Read At Annual Meeting 

ducting. 

In St. Louis 

The first thought on landing was "let's eat," so 

Through the courtesy of President William C. lunches were quickly spread out under trees in the 

Groeniger of the American Society of Sanitary En park beside the lake and the good things disappeared 

gineers, a look-in is enjoyed on the program for its in short order. The beach attracted many, who found 

meeting in St. Louis Sept. 7. 8 and 9. Papers or the water fine and the sun hot—a 'most enjoyable 

addresses will be read or made by William J. Woolley and satisfying combination. 

of the Trade Extension Bureau, Evansville, Ind.; Ed. Benning, state president, was admiring the 

W. W. Hughes, a prominent plumber of Minneapolis, sand dunes in company with W. C. Haviland, state 

Minn.; Frank R. King, state plumbing inspector for secretary, who absented himself from his new office in 

Wisconsin ; Aden F_. Smith, state plumbing inspector Aurora for a day's fun with the Chicago boys. He 

for Ohio; Professor W. S. Dibble, of the Carnegie said that he had witnessed a marvelous sight-—Presi 

Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Thomas J. dent Benning tackling a beef steak and marveled at 

Claffy, assistant chief of the Bureau of Sanitation, his capacity and continuing slim figure. Judgment 

Chicago. 111.; A. C. Shaver, building and plumbing- was asked of C. H. Bishop, Domestic Engineering, 

inspector of Pasadena, Cal.; and Harvey A. Call, and A. V. Hutchinson, METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

associate editor of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

STEAM FITTER, a paper entitled "The Value of the 

Trade Press to the Sanitary Engineers." 

STEAM FITTER, and they decided the president carried 

it well and looked comfortable. 

The warning whistle interrupted Chas. Taffe's last 

While the president is doing this work from head root beer, but he said he was satisfied. Four o'clock 

quarters, 8 East Chestnut Street, Columbus, Ohio, found the 400 on their homeward way, including the 

arrangements are also being made for the meeting iu "lost" 25. 

St. Louis by Stephen H. Gilmore, who has already Quoits and other games amused many, wliile the 

planned for the headquarters to be the American An children had great sport with Charley Bishop's 

nex Hotel, southeast corner Sixth and Market Streets, balloons. 

St. I.ouis. and is prepared to make arrangements for Dancing was resumed and the wind shipped up a

AUGUST 20, 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMRER AND STEAM FITTER 253 

little choppy sea that brought out new dance steps for mittee announcement that the annual outing for tlie 

their first public appearance, causing as much fun for families of the members will be held in Maywood 

the spectators as the participators. 

Grove, Fairwood, N. J., on Saturday, Aug. 21. Tlie 

Old acquaintances were improved and new friends committee in charge consists of A. C. Krieger, C. 

made and the dav was a great success from every Steller, C. Zimmerman, P. Geist, F. Dresher and W. 

standpoint. 

T. J. Orriss, 309 Kerrigan Avenue, West Hoboken, 

N. J., who is the treasurer of the committee and from 

whom tickets can be procured. The watchword of the 

Newark's Plumbers Annual Field Day trade to-day is "co-operation" and this is prominently 

presented in the notice for the meeting and in which 

Twenty-sixth Outing to Be Held at Hollywood Park Sept. 11 

all are invited to participate and insured a good time. 

It is pointed out that close alliance is a further step 

It will be our pleasure to enjoy tbe hospitality of 

the Master Plumbers' Association of Newark, N. J., at 

the annual outing, of which members are appraised 

as follows: 

Wednesday, Aug. 14, 1920. 

Master Plumbers and Their Friends. 

Gentlemen: 

Another yenr lias rolled around and we are again anticipating 

a day of pleasure in the great outdoors amidst the 

attractiveness of nature. That day this year will be Saturday, 

Sept. 11, 1920. 

An early morning ride into the country is delightful at 

any time. Hut at this particular season and in company with 

our friends of the plumbing craft it will be even more so. 

Our destination will be Hollywood Park, located on 

Springfield Avenue, Maplewood. Springfield cars marked 

"Maplewood" pass the park. On arriving there, the good 

chef will greet you with a generous portion of ham and 

eggs, French fried potatoes and sizzling hot Java. 

You will then have laid a foundation for a real big day 

in the country. An hour or so whiled away in nature's 

scented atmosphere will act as a tonic and you will need 

no second invitation to partake of some delicious Rhode 

Island clam chowder, steamed clams, little necks on the 

half-sheel and clam broth. 

Then a baseball game and let me say on the side that 

this annual game has always been a dandy and well worth 

seeing and laughing over. Along about now the dinner bell 

will ring for porterhouse steak, boiled potatoes, sliced 

tomatoes, radishes, olives, and then, just to keep you awake, 

a few athletic games and stunts will be run off, including 

a tug-of-war, sack race, sprint and running races. Those 

who have indulged in running for jitneys and trolleys will 

not regret the practice, for they will go strong in these 

events. , , . 

At three o'clock hot sausages and rolls, roast beef sandwiches 

will be passed around and Trefz "taste tells will 

he on tap all day. There will be time "greeting old friends 

and making new* friends" and out there in the country you 

may throw'the "bull" to your heart's content. 

For supper a half broiled chicken will be served with all 

the trimmings, and when this meal is finished you will sure 

sav "One real day!" . .... 

We want you 'to be with us, and are enclosing tickets, 

which we know you will accept. Don't disappoint us. 

Come out and enjoy yourself and help us to make our big 

day a real success. 

Sincerely yours, 

ENTERTAINMENT COMMITTEE, 

S. F. WII_OK. Chairman, A. TAAFFE, 

1'. J, STURN, B. COHEN, 

.1. SHERIDAN, E. STERNKOCI, 

\V. SPATCHER, 

M - BRADY, Ex-Officio. 

\nte I —Prizes for games may be sent to Andrew Taaffe, 

',! Eagles Street. 

Xote °—All returns for tickets must be made on or before 

Wednesday, Sept. 8, 1920. Make checks payable to 

Edwin Sternkopf, Treasurer, 45 Pacific Street, Newark. 

N. J. 

North Hudson Master Plumbers' Association 

Annual Outing at Maywood Grove, Fairwood 

on Saturday, Aug. 21 

Members of the North Hudson Master Plumbers' 

Association are receiving from the entertainment com 

in trade extension. 

Pleasure Club Picnic at Kolze 

Entertaining Program of Sports for the North 

and Northwest Plumbers 

A good time for everybody is promised by the 

North and Northwest Master Plumbers' Pleasure 

Club, which will hold its outing and basket picnic 

on Saturday. Aug. 21, at White House Grove, Kolze, 

111. President Perry Russell and Secretary F. Groesch 

have sent out the call to master plumbers in Chicago, 

inviting them to bring their families and friends. 

There will be a program of races and games, a 

baseball game and dancing, with suitable prizes for 

the various events. The grove is 17 miles from Chicago 

and can be reached by taking the Irving Park 

surface car to the end of the line and then an auto bus. 

Those desiring to go by automobile will find good 

roads over the following routes: Grand Avenue to 

River Road, north to Irving Park Boulevard and one 

block west to grove at Kolze, 111. 

Milwaukee Avenue to Higgins Road to 72nd Street, 

south to Irving Park Boulevard and west to the grove. 

Information Spreading Campaign of T. E. B. 

Letter Accompanied by Application Blank Being Sent 

to Heating and Plumbing Contractors 

The National Trade Extension Bureau, 107 Mercantile 

Bank Building, Evansville, Ind., is now actively 

engaged in preparing material for a thoroughly 

practical and easily worked scheme for widespread 

knowledge among heating and plumbing contractors 

on subjects which vitally effect the prosperity 

of the individual and of the trade. 

' It is a known fact that, in the case of most of us, 

it is difficult to remember a great deal that we read 

that would be of genuine value to us. Recognizing 

this fact, the National Trade Extension Bureau will 

place at the disposal of every local association of 

master plumbers and steam fitters a well-worked-out 

and comprehensive course of easy study of those matters 

which are basically of value to the heating and 

plumbing contractor in his efforts to run and manage 

a profitable business. 

The first step in this campaign is in the form of a 

letter to be sent to everv heating and plumbing contractor 

on the mailing list of the National Trade Extension 

Bureau. This letter will probably have gone 

out in advance of the publication of this article, but

METAL WOKKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM EITTER Awns r 20. 1920 

for the information of all concerned it is here repro 

duced. Any contractor who may not have received 

one of these letters from the Trade Extension Bureau 

is entirely at liberty to take advantage of its publi 

cation here and fill out and send in to the National 

Trade Extension Bureau, 407 Mercantile Bank Build 

ing, Evansville, Ind., any one of the application 

blanks which will go out with the letter. These 

application blanks are also printed here. 

The wording of the letter itself will give a rea 

sonably clear idea of the methods whereby this in 

formation-spreading campaign will be worked out. 

Here follows the letter in full with its accompanying 

application blanks: 

Dear Sir: 

For you—like all nf us—knowledge is power! In Inisiness 

it i.s money-making power! Here's an opportunity tc 

• »l tu your knowledge and money-making power. It is 

gratis, free! 

The Xational Trade Extension Bureau will soon start a 

nation-wide campaign of knowledge. It will offer every 

lieating and plumbing contractor tlie means of reaching 

and owning for himself tlie fruits of a vast field of successful 

business experience. Take note of that word "experience." 

Xone of it will lie theory, it will all be moneymaking, 

practical methods. 

The foundation for this campaign was laid during the 

last year by publishing and sending out the 1st, Snd, 3rd 

and 4th Steps in Business Efficiency for the heating and 

plumbing contractor," and the T. E. B. Monthly Service 

Bulletin. These have all been filled chock-full of'live business-building 

ideas and methods. 

In conference with contractors at conventions, and battle 

visits of many to'T. E. B. offices, we have learned that 

a detailed study is needed for the contractor to secure the 

full benefits of these things. Most of us have about the 

same experience in matters of this sort. We read over a 

lot of good stuff and then fail to get the "meat" out of it 

because nothing occurs to firmly fix it in our minds. T. 

E. "B. is going to start something that will enable every 

heating, and plumbing contractor in the countrv, who i's 

willing to take a reasonable amount of personal interest, 

to make.all of this valuable information a fixed part of 

his .own knowledge. 

Vou may feel that you don't need this, yourself, and 

we will grant that you may be right. Yet we know, and 

you know, too, that your presence and infiuence at these 

meetings will have a big effect in getting your competitors 

and co-workers going right; that no one man ever yet knew 

all there was to know about any subject as big as the 

plumbing and heating business, and that the only, way to 

get anything big across is for somebody to take hold and 

push. 

Here's the plan and it only requires the assistance of 

the local associations of master plumbers and steam fitters 

to. put it across, BIG. The business-building information 

at the command of T. E. B. will be arranged and subdivided 

into a series of short, "meaty" lessons or lectures. 

This series of lessons will be offered to and placed at the 

disposal of every local association in the United States. 

They, will he prepared in language and put together in a 

shape that anyone can understand. They will be supplied 

with suggestions and material that will make clear every 

point covered. All necessary printed material will be furnished. 

Everything will be worked out along practical 

lines. . 

A.t.regular periodical "get-together" meetings offhe local 

associations these lessons will be made possible for every 

contractor to have the material for the next lesson in advance 

of the meeting. The discussion at meetings is bound 

to bring out additional inforination of distinctively local 

value that would take years to pick up in anv other way. 

See that the secretary of your local gets in touch with 

this bureau about this campaign, if he has not already done 

so. In any event, gel on the fioor at your meetings and 

talk about the proposition, (let over a motion to the effect 

that the secretary should take up the matter with the bu 

reau. Do all that may be done lo get every contractor in 

your locality interested. .Stir up all thc activity you can, 

in every way possible. The fellow who tries to crack the 

stone wall of trade problems with his own little tack hammer 

can look forward to a lot of long, hard work. On 

the other hand, with the sledge hammer of combined interest 

it will take only a few blows to break through. 

If you-are not a member of the local association, or if 

there is no local in your town, fill out properly and return 

the enclosed blank and we shall endeavor to arrange matters 

so that you will be welcome at the meetings of the 

nearest local on these special occasions. If that is impractical, 

get all the contractors in your locality together, 

form an educational local, and T. E. B. will furnish you 

the necessary material direct. 

All aboard! The business-building idea special leaves 

for real prosperity land at once. If you're left behind 

it's your own fault. 

Yours for bigger and better business, 

THE XATIONAL TRADE EXTENSION BCREAU. 

Read this whole sheet first. Then fill out and sign the section 

of this blank that fits your case. Be careful to cross out the 

i .oc-er words to clearly indicate vour conditions. Then mail to 

T. E. B. 

The National Trade Extension Bureau. 

4 17 Mercantile Bank Bldg., 

Evansville, Ind. 

I desire to get in on the ground floor of the T. E. B. nationwide 

information spreading campaign and am willing to do all 

1 'an to make it a success. 

There is a master plumber's association in this city. I am 

'/cr am not) a member and (but) will attend meetings to be held 

' cr discussion and study of this business building information. 

Signature 

Address 

City State 

There is no master plumber's association in this city, but I would 

like to attend the meetings at City 

Slate a nearby city where there is 

an association. 

Send us a list of names of all local contractors. 

Signature 

Address 

City State 

There is no master plumber's association in this city, but there 

are enough master plumbers here to hold meetings for this purpose. 

I will personally call on all of them, get them interested in the 

movement and call the required meetings when this work is 

started. California Appreciates T. E. 

Send us a list of all local contractors. 

Signature 

Address 

City State 

r B. Wooley 

At the headquarters of the National Trade Extension 

Bureau, Mercantile Bank Bldg., Evansville, Ind., 

the following letter has been received from the large 

number of friends he has in California as the result 

of his attendance at the state convention: 

Mr. Wolley, Mgr. 

Trade Extension Bureau, 

Evansville, Ind. 

Berkeley, Cat, June 2.5, 1!)20. 

Our dear Woolley, for by that name we of the convention 

committee feel we can address you, and say you are one of 

our adopted native sons: 

The committee wishes to thank you for your part in making 

our 19th state convention of Master Plumbers the greatest 

convention ever held in this state. 

Our members are only sorry that we did not have another 

day, for you alone, so that we may have absorbed more of 

that which we need. 

I hope the bureau continues the good work, with you still 

at the wheel, which you so nobly have undertaken. 

Well, Bill, just remember, and'keep a warm spot for Alameda 

County, and always know that there is a light in the 

window and a place at our table. 

Wishing you and your work all the success. 

We beg to remain, 


L. W. BLAKE, GEO. STODDARD 

H. G. NEWMAN. W. H. PICARD. ' 

CHAS. NAYLOR.

AUGUST 20. 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTEl! 255 

Committee on Trade Relations Appointed 

President of Heating and I'iping Contractors' National 

Association Selects Members 

President J. E. Rutzler has appointed the following 

to act as members of the committee of Trade Relations: 

Chairman, George Mehring, Chicago, 111.; 

Eastern zone, Horace W. Jones, Rochester, N. Y.; 

chairman, Frank W. Howard, Boston Mass.; central 

zone, George Mehring, Chicago, 111.; chairman, Walter 

Klie, Cleveland, Ohio; V. L. Sheldon, St. Louis, 

Mo.; Western zone, George L. Bradbury, Denver, 

Colo.; chairman, Archie E. Ayers, Seattle, Wash.; 

Jesse Coogan, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Liability Insurance for Sheet Metal Trade 

Wisconsin Association Appoints Committee To Collect 

Imformation 

At a recent meeting the Master Sheet Metal Contractors' 

Association of Wisconsin held in Milwaukee, 

Wis., Paul L. Biersaeh, 661 Hubbard Street, Milwaukee, 

was appointed chairman of a committee to 

collect information from members to be used in showing 

that a lower rate was due this branch of trade. 

He is sending the following letter to members, but 

will be glad to get such information from the members 

of any association or the trade. There are three 

questions for which answers giving fullest particulars 

will be helpful: 

To Our Members: 

At our meeting last night a discussion was brought up 

by Brother Adolph Schuman as to the feasibility of collective 

bargaining not only on our workmen's compensation, 

public liability, auto trucks and automobiles, but also lire 

insurance, with the mutual companies writing these kind 

of policies, and it was the consensus of opinion of all present 

that this might accrue beneficial to all our members, 

therefore vour president has appointed a committee composed 

of the writer, Edward Hoffman and Adolph Schumann, 

to get in touch with the various companies, obtain 

the data and submit the same for discussion at some ensuing 

meeting. 

In order that your committee may be in a position to 

handle this entire niatter intelligently, it suggests that you 

submit immediately the following information, thus: 

1. Number of autos and trucks (for business and private 

use). 

2. Liability compensation insurance. Number of men 

and approximate amount of wages, separately for shop 

and erection, per year. 

3. Aggregate amount of fire insurance desired. 

the committee believes that they have quite a task before 

them and it will take some time to get the necessary information 

and if vou will threfore co-operate immediately 

on the information desired, this will enable them to submit 

their findings for your perusal as quickly as possible. 

Fraternally yours, 

PAUL L. BIERSACH, 

Chairman. 

THE ATLAS SHEET .METAL WORKS, Providence, R. I., 

has been organized by Gustaf T. Kollen, 996 Eddy 

Street and Charles Skogland to manufacture metal 

automobile products and other specialties. 



FRANK CURTIS, president of the Shur-Tite Mfg. Co.. 

Cleveland, Ohio, wliile on his way through seven 

states to make more boilers "Shur-Tite,'' dropped 

off in Chicago long enough to call on man}' of his 

friends in the trade and to bang the little white 

ball with the Western Trade Golfers on Aug. 10. 

W. T. MORGAN, vice-president Raymond Lead Co., 

Chicago, 111., is again at his office after a month in 

the hospital, convalescing from a serious operation. 

JOHN DUNCAN, who was elected president of the 

Wheeling Steel & Iron Co., Wheeling, W. Va., at a 

meeting of the company held in that city July 28, to 

succeed Isaac M. Scott, who on July 3 was elected 

president of the recently organized Wheeling Steel 

Corporation, takes into his new position an experience 

of more than 30 years in the steel business. 

His first connection with the industry was in the 

capacity of bill clerk for the National Tube Co. in 

St. Louis in 1889. Later he became identified with 

the Haxtun Steam Heater Co., Kewanee, 111., thc 

name of which subsequently was changed to tin- 

Western Tube Co. In 1903, he was made vicepresident 

and general manager of sales of that company 

and when it was absorbed by the National 

Tube Co. in 1908, he was transferred to Pittsburgh, 

becoming assistant general manager of sales 

of the latter company. Late in 1909, he joined the 

Wheeling Steel & Iron Co. as general manager of 

sales and in 1914, when the company was consolidated 

with another Wheeling company, he was 

elected vice-president and retained in the office of 

general manager of sales of the consolidated 

company. 


LYON CONKLIN & Co., INC., 19 B.alderston Street, 

Baltimore, Md., manufacturer of sheet metal products, 

has taken title to property at Donaldson and 

Race Streets, 160 x 200 ft., for a consideration said 

to be about $13,000. The site will be used for a 

new plant. 

THE CLAYTON LAMBERT AUTO PARTS CO.. 1380 Beaubien 

Street, Detroit, Mich., expects to occupy its 

new plant on the line of the Detroit Terminal Railroad 

at an earlv date. Erection of steel work is 

under way, and as soon as the structure is completed, 

machinery installation will be made. The 

factory will be 210x300 ft., and is estimated to 

cost about $400,000 with equipment. Herbert Owen 

is manager.

METAL WOKKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 20. 1920 

THE A. WOLFF IRON & METAL CO., St. Louis, Mo., 

announce the change of tlieir title to The A. Wolff 

Corporation, First and Branch Streets, St. Louis, 

Mo. No change has been made in the management 

and it expresses thanks to its clients for past courtesies 

and trust for a continuance of their trade in 

old metals, etc. 

Hack Saws and Hand Frames 

It is a matter of common knowledge that more hack 

saws .ire ruined by abuse than arc worn out througb 

use. This means a direct loss to thc shop owner caused 

through ignorance or carelessness of employees, a 

large part of which could be avoided. 

The following instructions taken from the Starrett 

Hack Saw Chart, issued by the L. S. Starrett Co., 

Athol. Mass., if conspicuously posted in the shop, 

should eliminate all loss due to ignorance. When hack 

saws are used in hand frames strain the blade well in 

the frame with the rake of teeth forward. Bear down 

on forward stroke so that the blade will not slip and 

case the pressure on the return stroke. Do not bend 

sidewise. Use at about -50 strokes per minute. 

Copper Alloy Hardened for Manufacturing 

Cutlery 

American industry in developing .and rendering 

usable new and rare metal compounds or alloys has 

received an enormous impetus recently, it is said, by 

the addition of what seems to be the re-discovery of 

the lost art of the ancients of tempering copper, according 

to JVorld's Business. 

On the fourteenth floor of the Putnam Building, on 

Forty-fifth Street, just off Fifth Avenue, New York 

City, is a modest sign reading, "Dawson Metals Company. 

' That is the name of a man now 73 years of 

age, whose brain and a safety deposit box of a New 

York trust company alone hold the secret. 

For many months men have been experimenting 

with this epochal method. Thev are still experimenting, 

but long since the stage of mere experiment was 

passed and commercial practicability attained, and 

now the furnaces under their control discharge streams 

of molten copper and tin, to which is added the secret 

compound, wliich, on cooling, assumes the sheen of 

yellow gold and qualities at total variance with the 

ductile copper as now in use. 

For one thing, it is so hard that not even a carborundum 

wheel will perceptibly abrade it. Many exacting 

tests have been made, some of them under supervision 

of the L'nited States Bureau of Standards. 

and where ordinary bearings, such as babbitt metal. 

are completely worn out, and those of steel or ordinary 

phosphor bronze totally unfit for use. bearings 

of tin's metal show little wear whatever. 

It also offers resistance to acids of everv kind in 

natural form or the high potential distillations ot 

commerce. It is an advance in methods of metallurgy 

and unit a detailed examination of the technical tests 

to which il lias been subjected can give anv approximate 

idea ot its tremendous efficiencv. 

A New England lirm is said lo have taken the 

major part of the output for Hie manufacture of 

scissors. 


THE IDEAL FURNACE CO., which recently took over 

the plant and property of the Homer Furnace Co., 

Homer, Mich., is building an addition. 

THE O-RIB-O MFG. CO., Winnipeg, has started work 

on the erection of a new factory, 40 x 200 ft., brick 

and concrete, to cost about $40,000. It will be 

rushed to completion and equipped with new machinery. 

One of the products will be hot-air furnace 

fittings. J. Brockest is president. 

THE WORCESTER ABRASIVE CO., Worcester, Mass., has 

moved its executive offices to 1662 Broadway, New 

York. 

THE FERRO ENAMEL SUPPLY CO., Cleveland, Ohio. 

has opened an office at 1101 Swetiand Building in 

that city and will carry a complete line of supplies 

for the porcelain enameling industry, catering particularly 

to stove manufacturers, and will also build 

enameling ovens. R. A. Weaver is president, John 

M. Tuthill. secretary, and Edward Southworth. 

treasurer. 

THE REGISTER-USING TRADE is receiving from thc 

Rock Island Register Co. announcement of its removal 

into its new offices and factory building 

located at 2135 Fifth Avenue, Rock Island, 111. 

The new plant, it is stated, gives the company 

practically three times the floor area which it previously 

had at its disposal and the new plant is in 

every way modern and up to date. This will enable 

it to increase its manufacturing output and 

carry a larger stock for the jobbing trade. Thc 

building has been constructed on modern engineering 

lines and adapted to the methods which the 

company use in the production of goods and in 

handling the orders placed with it. 

The Gilt Edge Picnic of R. J. Schwab 

& Sons Co. 

The picnic of the R. J. Schwab & Sons Company, 

manufacturers of Gilt Edge furnaces and boilers. 

Milwaukee, Wis., was held at Mequon Grove on the 

Cedarburg Road, Saturday, July 31. Everybody wore 

a badge with the Gilt Edge trade mark on one side 

and "Smile, Smile, Smile" on the other. 

The Gilt Edge dealers of Milwaukee and vicinity 

were also invited and one of the features of the day 

was a baseball game between the dealers of Milwaukee 

and the company's team, the latter team winning. 

Henry Winter, the elongated tinsmith from American 

Avenue, was the star of the dealers' team, having 

numerous double plays. Tom Johnson, superintendent 

of the foundry, starred for the company's team making 

numerous heavy verbal onslaughts on the umpire 

—said umpire being our noble, virtuous bookkeeper, 

Sam Lewinsky. The program of events carried popular 

songs, which were rendered with a fervor that was 

inspiring to the contestants. 

At noon the tug-of-war between the strong and weak 

men of the factory was held, the strong men winning

AUGUST 20. 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

two out of tliree pulls. During the day there were 

various events for men, women and children and a 

fine lot of prizes. From 4 to 7 p. m. a dancing party 

was held in the dancing pavillion. 

Otto Butenhoff was chief "Bally Hoo" for the 

square dance. R. J. Schwab captured first prize in 

this and all admitted Mr. Schwab is sure some dancer. 

The dealers present at the picnic were Henry Winter 

and family, Otto Butenhoff and family, Jos. Rettela 

and family, John Scholtz and family, Fred Witzel 

and family, Otto Kringel and family, Lauterbach and 

Schwichtenberg from Cedarburg and Mr. Wilke from 

White Fish Bay. All expressed the satisfaction of 

having a Gilt Edge time of enjoyment. 

Novelty Semi-Annual Sales Conference 

There was held in the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel, 

Philadelphia, Pa., on Aug. 2 and 3, the semi-annual 

sales conference of the Eastern representatives of the 

Abram Cox Stove Co., of Philadelphia, under the direction 

of general manager of sales, E. F. Glore. The 

sales conference was devoted primarily to Sales Methods 

and covered all branches of the business from 

heating with steam and hot water, hot air and pipeless 

furnaces to the line of gas, coal and coal and gas combination 

ranges, water heaters and laundry stoves. 

The opening address was made by President Robert 

A. Patton and after the session on sales methods there 

was in the evening a discussion of advertising and 

sales promotion. Again on the second day sales 

methods were taken up and after a luncheon the party 

adjourned to the auditorium of The Curtis Publishing 

Co. to hear an address by Charles Coolidge Parlin. of 

The Curtis Publishing Co., followed by an open discussion 

on sales methods by tbe different representatives 

of the Abram Cox Stove Co. In the evening 

there was a banquet at the roof garden. The next 

day was devoted by the representatives to a study ot 

the plant with the idea of becoming more familiar witb 

the methods of handling the orders that are sent in so 

that they may be confident that the information which 

they give to customers about shipments is perfectly 

correct. 

King Koal Karburetor Booklet 

The simplicity of the operation of the device and 

the substantial benefit derived from the use of the 

King Koal Karburetor are becoming widely recognized 

is the claim made by the manufacturers, Frederick 

Sabin & Co., Inc., 237-241 Broad Street, Philadelphia, 

Pa. While the splendid service is somewhat 

surprising even to those identified with the use of ill 

kinds of heating and cooking apparatus, nevertheless 

President Howard Miller, of the company, has come 

to the conclusion that the sale can be advanced by the 

presentation of a booklet giving the facts in reference 

to it. The booklet which President Miller has 

prepared will give the facts as discovered in the development 

of the outfit for improving combustion and 

efficiency and will also give something of the service 

that it iias rendered under various conditions. 

Then in order to give that character of informa- 

tion which engineers will desire, tlicrc is a complete 

account of two tests made by W. A. Sloan, in charge 

of the Experimental Engineering Department of the 

Randal Morgan Laboratory of Physics at the University 

of Pennsylvania. These tests were made under 

as nearly exactly the same conditions as possible and 

one with the carburetor and one without it, each burning 

coal at a high rate so that in an 18-in. fire pot 

as much as 50 lb. of coal per square foot of grate 

surface were consumed. Then there was another test 

run under practically the same conditions as would 

obtain in tbe home of the average citizen. In both 

instances a higlier efficiency and a greater economy 

was shown when the Karburetor was used. It is to 

make the information developed in experience and in 

the tests available for those who are investigating 

means of conserving fuel under the present economic 

conditions, that the pamphlet has been prepared. The 

Karburetor it is said, is already being sold from Portland, 

Ore., to Portland, Me., and apiilieations have 

been made by those who desire rights for its sale in 

Germany and New Zealand, and letters have come 

from Paris and from Canada from men wanting 

territory for its sale. 

A Baseboard Register 

Illustrated in the accompanying picture is the 3 in 

baseboard register class No. 100, manufactured by 

Hart & Cooley Co., New Britain, Conn. The register 

is so constructed that the floor can be cut out 3 in. 

from the wall line, permitting the use of a large supply 

pipe from the lieater. The manufacturers furnish 

with these registers a gage for setting. By using 

the gage, the installer can practically complete tlu- 

NO. 1 |lf i BASEBOAIlti KEGIS. TEI! 

installation when putting in the rough work and all 

that is afterward necessary is to slip the register in 

place This is done after the completion of the room 

and leaves the finish of the register unimpaired. 

There is a distinct advantage in this to the furnace 

man as it allows of practically completing the work 

while he has his men and tools on the job. saving 

the necessity of making several operations in completing 

the work. The registers present a very neat 

and workmanlike appearance and are practical and 

positive in their operation. Various other styles of 

the same tvpe are illustrated tn the Hart & Coolej 

Co. catalog, wliich can be had upon request.

258 METAL WOKKER, I'LUMBER AND STEAM EITTER AUGUST 20. 192(1 


THE INSTANTANEOUS ELECTRIC HEATER OF CANADA, 

LTD., Toronto, has been incorporated with a capital 

stock of $250,000 by James E. Day, Joseph P. 

Walsh, Frederick R. Marshall and others to manufacture 

electric stoves, heaters, machinery, motors, 

etc. 

THE BACKUS FOUNDRY, INC., Boston, Mass., and 

Brandon, Vt., capitalized for $25,000, divided into 

250 shares, par $100, all of which are issued, lias 

incorporated under Massachusetts laws. Frederick 

E. Backus, Brandon, Vt., is president and treasurer. 

The company's property includes three and 

a half acres. 

THE GREENFIELD TAP & DIE CORPORATION, Greenfield. 

Yt.. will defer the erection of the proposed 

five-story addition to its plant. Harris & Richards. 

Drexel Building. Philadelphia, are the architects. 

'I'm: AMERICAN SANITARY WORKS, Washington, N. J.. 

inanufacturer of plumbers' tanks and kindred products, 

has increased its capital from $200,000 to 

$350,000. 

THAT THE SERVICE of Kroeschell greenhouse heating 

boilers is recognized far from Chicago, is evidenced 

by the tact that Kroeschell Bros., 480 West Erie 

Street, Chicago, 111., recently shipped a No. 14 

type to London, England. It weighed 14,000 lb. 

and lias a capacity to heat 48,000 sq. ft. of glass 

surface to 50 deg. at zero outside. The plant is 

now equipped with ten large boilers made by the 

company. 

'I'm: WALKER & PRATT Co., 33 Union Street, Boston. 

Mass, manufacturer of boilers for house heating, 

stoves, etc., has awarded contract to the H. Nawn 

Construction Co., 82 Savin Street, Roxbury, Mass., 

for a one-story foundry at its plant, Watertown, 

200 x 230 ft., to cost "about $200,000, including 

equipment. 

'I'm: MILWAUKEE RELIANCE BOILER WORKS, Thirtysecond 

and Hadley Streets, i.s completing a brick 

and steel shop addition, 00x300 ft., and is contracting 

for additional equipment. It manufactures 

gas producers, hot water storage tanks, pneumatic 

pressure tanks, and other boiler and plate work. 

John E. Sharp is president and general manager. 

THE ROMORT MFG. CO., Oakfield, Wis., has increased 

its capita] stock from $50,000 to $150,000 to accommodate 

the increase of its business of manufacturing 

combination air and water service systems 

for garages. It intends to add several new lines, 

including air valves in various sizes and types. F. 

E. Willard is secretary. 

I'HE W. & B. DOUGLAS Co., Middletown, Conn., is issuing 

a bulletin, No. 19, illustrating the newest 

production of its plant, the Douglas "Pneu" Tank 

complete water system and also in connection with 

this bulletin a booklet of instructions for installing 

and operating this water system, which will be a 

great aid to those plumbers installing or maintaining 

this line of equipment. 

THE AUGUST NUMBER of thc Walworth Fog, issued 

by thc Walworth -Mfg. Co., Boston, Mass., in the 

interests of its extensive line of heating and plumbing 

supplies, particularly pipe valves and fittings, 

might well be termed a summer number. It gives 

the splendid story of the real vacation of a woman, 

a two-page cartoon of some of the most important 

company men and some pictures in reference to the 

300th anniversary of the land grant in Maine that 

included the site of Portland. Also something in 

reference to copper mining. There are, as usual, 

pictures of piping systems in which the company'products 

are used. 

Now Make Own Electric Motor 

The Burnett-Larsh Mfg. Co., Dayton, Ohio, has 

added a new dejiartment to its factory and now manufactures 

its own electric motors. There is a distinct 

advantage in this to owners or distributors of its 

water systems as it insures a certain type of motor 

universally used in connection with the Duro water 

systems, thus facilitating getting needed repairs and 

allowing of the motor being constructed in accordance 

with a special regard for the work which it is to do. 

New Freight Rates in Illinois 

The Public Utilities Commission of Illinois has 

denied an application of the railroads for an advance 

of 40 per cent on intrastate freight rates and has 

granted a temporary increase of 33 1-3 per cent on 

condition that railroad service is improved. The application 

will be finally disposed of at new hearings 

to be held in October. The adjustment of rates in 

Illinois is a problem as tiie boundaries of the territories 

covered by the interstate rate advances intersect 

in the state, the advances for Eastern, Southern 

and Western districts being 40, 25 and 35 per cent 

respectively. 

New Pipe Working Machinery 

New pipe thread dies, ranging in size from 1 in. 

to 12 in. and designed after the Columbus dies, are 

now being made by the Columbus Machine Works, 

310 Fifth Street, Columbus, Ind. These machines 

have five chasers and a cut-off tool in the head and 

come in four distinct sizes, 1 to 4 in. right and left, 

I to 6 in. right and left, 2l/o to 8 in. and 4 to 12 in. 

A portable machine, mounted on wheels so that it 

can be moved to the job or any building and small 

enough to go tlirougli the ordinary doorway has also 

been provided. Any die of the above-mentioned heads 

can be used on it or it will drive any of the hand dies. 

A quick-acting vise, built to stand the knocks, wear 

and tear of the steam fitter's handling, is claimed to be 

75 per cent quicker, stronger and more durable than 

others. 

For steam fitting and plumbing work this company 

manufactures a self-feeding reamer capable of catching 

!/2 to 4-in. pipe. Then there is a large collapsible 

work bench, strong enough even when the steam fitter

Aucusr 20, 1920 METAL WORKER, I'LUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 25') 

is handling 3 to 6-in. pipe. 

Tlie trade is invited to send for copy of catalog on 

these products. 

Catalogs for Rough Usage 

Catalogs issued by manufacturers of machinery, 

plumbing supplies, automobile parts, etc., are frequently 

handled by mechanics whose hands are soiled 

by grime and dirt. The covers soon become so soiled 

that anyone having clean hands or dressed in "good" 

clothes dislikes to handle the book. 

For a permanent catalog of this type, a cleanable 

cover material is highly desirable. For many years 

such a thing was unknown, but since the art of stamping 

and pasting the edges of pyroxylin coated book 

cover materials was perfected a few years ago, it is 

now possible, says E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 

Inc., for any manufacturer to have a catalog cover 

from which grimy spots can be washed with soap and 

water without injuring it, for the goods are waterproof. 

The leather substitute is very durable and will 

generally remain sound throughout the life of the 

catalog. 

Of course the cost is higher than for paper or 

cheap cloth covers, but is not so high as to be prohibitive 

if a manufacturer desires a really permanent 

catalog, one that will last and remain in good condition 

for several months. 

Product of Bicalky Fan Company Improved 

A new catalog describing Lehigh fans, blowers, air 

washers, roof fan ventilators and dust collectors, has 

just been issued bv Herseh Bros. & Co., Allentown, 

Pa. 

About one year ago the Herseh Bros. Co. purchased 

the interests of the Bicalky Fan Co. and has subjected 

the product of that company to the severest 

possible tests with the result that by making clianges 

in both wheels and housing but retaining their valuable 

structural features, greatly increased efficiency 

has been attained. 

The characteristic curves of the Lehigh multi-blade 

fans, single inlet, single width, are also shown and the 

efficiency correction percentage of the various fan 

sizes. The company believes that the tables in the 

catalog reflecting these corrections are based on the 

fundamentally correct procedure rather than to take 

an efficiency size of the fan and claim the same efficiency 

throughout the entire line. 

The sales organization is being developed under 

G. W. Barr, sales manager. Territory is being allotted 

under a sales policy which is very attractive 

and should appeal to the trade. 

Speco Solid Sal Ammoniac for Soldering 

Every man who does soldering in his business will 

be interested in Speco solid sal ammoniac put up in 

convenient cakes by the Special Chemicals Co., Highland 

Park. 111. Its economy and convenience are mentioned 

as its most prominent features which will appeal 

to practical sheet metal contractors and plumbers. 

It is a purified form of sal ammoniac, the crys- 

Liis being metamorphosed, so that it is extremely hard 

and will not melt, crumble or dirty the bench. It 

volatilizes rapidly under the hot soldering copper and 

quickly removes any oxide that forms. There is no 

waste, a.s only the amount needed in the soldering 

operation is used, and the company points out that 

Speco will not corrode the tool or work as it contains 

no acid. 

It is a practical product for soldering work in tin 

A BAT, OF SOLID SAL AMMONIAC 

or plumbing shops and comes in convenient half and 

one pound cakes, which can be easily taken on the job. 

Shops which do auto radiator repair, washing machine 

and electrical work find it a great convenience and 

one user says that "There seems to be no wear out 

to it." 

Other Speco products are soldering fluxes, fluids, oil 

and paste and literature concerning them can be had 

upon request. 

Don't Is Sometimes as Important as Do 

That being so, we give "A Few Don'ts" as contained 

in the Range Boiler Manual, issued by the Detroit 

Range Boiler & Steel Barrel Co., Detroit, Mich., 

manufacturers of the Star Naco and Detroit range 

boilers, which may prove of advantage. 

Don't use a small boiler in a place where a larger 

one should be installed. Ample capacity should be 

provided especially in cafes, restaurants, garages, etc. 

Don't use a check valve or water meter unless you 

install a relief valve of a quality pattern. 

Don't forget that a standard weight boiler is guaranteed 

only to 85 lbs. working pressure and tbat 

wherever the pressure exceeds 70 lbs. an extra heavy 

boiler should be installed to provide a fair margin ot 

safety. 

Don't forget tbat in many places where the water 

is limed or acidulated or treated with chemicals for 

purifying purposes, the corrrosion of the boiler is 

stimulated and it is only right to the user that an 

extra heavv boiler be installed. 

Don't use a stand which connects directly to thc 

bottom spud of a range boiler. An unusual strain is 

put on this spud by this method of supporting the 

boiler. , , 

Don't ever use a range boiler for the storage ot 

air Buy a tank especially made for that purpose. 

Air under confinement is dangerous and accidents arc 

liable to be very serious. 

Don't forget that care in handling the boiler during 

installation is essential. Careless truckmen or helpers 

cause leaks by dropping the boiler on a hard 

surface.


Don't use a gas heater applying a flame direct upon 

the bottom of a range boiler. 

Don't buy a boiler because it is cheap. A return 

trip to fix up leaks will cost you more than you will 

save in any such installation. 

Plumhing Supply House Announcement 

The plumbing trade is receiving from the Detroit 

Brass & Malleable Works, Detroit, Mich., the following 

letter which announces a change in name with 

assurance that the old service will be continued with 

unabated zeal: 

We take pleasure in announcing a change in the name of 

the Detroit Valve & Fittings and Detroit Brass Works. 

In the future the name of this company will be Detroit 

Brass & Malleable Works. 

At the time of the consolidation of the Detroit Valve 

& Fittings Co. and the Detroit Brass Works, it was deemed 

advisable to combine the name of the two companies for a 

certain period of time so as not to lose the identity of 

either plant. 

We realized that the name of this company was too 

lengthy, and now that we feel the trade is thoroughly 

acquainted with both branches and their respective products, 

we have decided on a more compact name. 

Tliere is no change in the policy or management and 

the same personnel of thc company will be retained. 

We take this opportunity of thanking you for past 

favors and hoping for a continuance of our pleasant 

relations. 

Respectfully yours, 

DETROIT BRASS & MALLEABLE WORKS. 

A Washing Machine Drainer", 

The Penberthy washing machine drainer illustrated, 

made of aluminum by the Penberthy Injector Co., 

Detroit, Mich., is an article which will be of general 

interest to housewives wherever washing is done in 

other than laundry tubs with waste outlet connection 

to house sewer and where running water is to be had. 

Its operation is based on the jet suction principle and 

tlierefore it is fool-proof with no valve or adjustments 

to get out of order. 

A length of suction hose is fastened on the lower 

A 

B c_J_ BI a 

^^^T Aluminum WashiiiR Machine lir.ccurt. 

" C 

Made by the Penberthy Injector Co., 

Detroit, Mich. 

end marked C, and the nut marked A attaches the 

drainer to the hose thread of the faucet of sink or 

tub. The end of the hose is then immersed in the 

receptacle to be drained and the faucet to which the 

drainer is attached turned on. The drainer does the 

rest. 

This is a merchandising article which the plumber 

can readily sell and which offers a liberal profit. 

MISCELLANEOUS NOTES 

THE REPORT of the Department of the Interior. 

Washington, D. C, states that the apparent eonsumption 

of lead in the United States was, in 1917, 

515,44.5 short tons; in 1918, 542,975, and in 1919. 

434,143 short tons. 

THE 42ND NUMBER of the Statistical Abstract of the 

United States has been issued by the Department 

of Commerce and can be procured from the Government 

Printing Office for 50 cents. An explanatory 

note states that the success of condensed statistics 

is based upon official figures collated and published 

under the various laws of the United States and 

those of other countries to which they may relate. 

They deal with general import and export consumption 

and withdrawal from warehouses for consumption, 

also with the import value, with domestic 

exports, foreign exports and with weights and measures. 

They apply to practically all trades, all cities 

and all centers of activity whether industrial or not. 

THE UPSON COMPANY, Lockport, N. Y., fibre board 

manufacturer, advised that on or about Aug. 15 it 

was going to be very much interested in the purchase 

of paper stock, particularlv folded news and 

dealers who handle such stock will be interested in 

this fact. 

THE HADDON BIN LABEL CO., 200 West Atlantic 

Avenue, Haddon Heights, N. J., is issuing a free 

booklet, entitled, "How to Systematize the Stock 

Room and Build Your Own Stock Bins," which illustrates 

its transparent celluloid covered slide 

label cards and tin card holders. It also explains 

the manner in which these bin labels can be used in 

connection with a stock record. 

"A PECULIAR TYPE of Intercrystaline Brittleness of 

Copper" is the title of a technologic paper No. 158, 

issued by the Bureau of Standards, Washington, 

D. C, and written by Henry S. Rawdon, physicist, 

and S. C. Langdon, professor of School of Chemistry, 

Northwestern University. It can be procured 

from the Government Printing Office for 5 cents 

per copy. 

RECENT PUBLICATIONS by the General Electric Co., 

Schenectady, N. Y., are in reference to adjustable 

speed motors which are pointed out as being well 

adapted for thc use on pipe threading and cutting 

machines or any machine which repeats its operation 

in angle. There is also a considerable pamphlet 

in reference to the Novalux ornamental street lighting 

units, which should be of interest to plumbers 

who arc called upon to supply the equipment for 

city lighting systems. 

Protection Against Accidents 

The best methods of saving fingers, hands arms 

legs and lives and of conserving labor and increasing 

production through accident prevention and industrial 

medicine will be discussed at the Ninth Annual Safety

AUGUST 20. 1920 METAL WORKER. PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 261 

Council at Milwaukee, Sept. 27 to Oct. 1, the program 

for which will soon be completed. 

During these five days, 4,000 men and women— 

safety engineers, industrial relations managers, municipal 

traffic officers, educators and plant executives 

—will gather at the Milwaukee Auditorium to throw 

into the common pot all the information on accident 

prevention that has developed during the past year. 

Rulings On Stock Dividends 

Rulings of interest to corporation stockholders have 

just been issued by the Bureau of Internal Revenue 

bearing on the question of stock dividends. The rul 

ings deal with various disputed points arising in connection 

with the decision of the Supreme Court in the 

stock dividend case of last spring. 

Dividends whicli are subject to the income tax, and 

those which are not, are defined as follows: 

"Where a corporation, being authorized so to do by 

the laws of the state in which it is incorporated, transfers 

a portion of its surplus to capital account, issues 

new stock representing the amount of the surplus so 

transferred and distributes the stock so issued to its 

stockholders such stock is not income to the stockholders 

and the stockholders incur no liability for income 

tax by reason of its receipt. 

"Where a corporation, being thereunto lawfully authorized, 

increases its capital stock and simultaneously 

declares a cash dividend equal in amount to the increase 

in its capital stock, and gives to its stockholders 

a real option either to keep the money for their own 

or to re-invest it in the new shares, such dividend is 

cash dividend, and is income to the stockholders. 

whether thev re-invest it in the new shares or not." 

LATE TRADE NEWS 

WILLIAM C. GROENIGER, president of the American 

Society of Sanitary Engineers, made a combined 

business and pleasure trip to New York this week 

and discussed with us a program for the coming 

meeting of the society in St. Louis, Sept. 7, 8 and 9. 

Mr. Groeniger is a consulting engineer, 8 East 

Chestnut Street, Columbus, Ohio. 

JAMES H. GILHULY, manager of the San Francisco 

office of the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., Youngstown, 

Ohio, sailed Aug. 7 from New York for 

France to visit the battlefields on the western front 

and other places of interest in Europe. 

THE CENTRAL TUBE Co., Ambridge, Pa., reports that 

the accident severity rate was reduced 94 per cent 

and the accident frequency rate cut 80 per cent six 

month.s after the company had appointed a safety 

director, R. A. Beyer. He says: "During the 

first six months of 1919 we lost 432 days through 

accidents and 50 accidents were reported for every 

1,000,000 hr. of work. During the corresponding 

six month.s of 1920 only 26 days were lost and accidents 

occurred at the rate of 10 per 1,000,000 

hr." He attributes success to co-operation of management, 

superintendents, foremen and men; ef 

ficient safety guards ; comfortable and efficient goggles; 

safety bulletins from the National Safety 

Council and an Americanization school. 

THE NEW ENGLAND FOUNDRYMEN'S ASSOCIATION held 

its usual midsummer outing at the Pomham Club. 

Providence, R. I., Aug. 11. The feature of the 

outing was a Rhode Island clambake, of which 

more than 100 partook. A. B. Root, Jr., president. 

presided. Charles E. Andrews was chairman of the 

committee of arrangements. 

THE PROBERT SHEET METAL CO.. Covington, Ky., has 

filed articles of incorporation, with a capital stock 

of $50,000, to manufacture sheet and ornamental 

iron work. E. R. Probert is president. 

THE URBAUER ATWOOD HEATING CO., 1446-50 South 

Second Street, St. Louis, manufacturer of heating 

apparatus, has completed plans foi a new two-story 

plant, 60 x 105 ft., to cost about $14,000. 

THE SCHLUETER MFG. CO., North Broadway, St. 

Louis, manufacturer of wash boilers and general 

metal products, is completing plans for its new 

four-story plant at Broadway and John Street, to 


THE EAGLE PIPE SUPPLY CO. has changed its address 

to 233 Broadway, New York. 

THE NATIONAL MACHINE TOOL BUILDERS' ASSOCIA 

TION will hold its nineteenth annual fall convention 

at the Hotel Astor, New York, on Thursday and 

Friday, Dec. 2 and 3. Reference to this postponement 

of the regular date of the meeting until the 

outcome of the national elections was noted in last 

week's issue. 

To PROTECT ALUMINUM and aluminum alloys from 

corrosion, a German inventor has tried the experiment 

of browning the metal electrolytically, according 

to the Engineer, London, England. The 

aluminum is suspended in an electrolyte consisting 

of a sulphur compound of molybdenum, and zine 

is used for the anode. The cell is maintained at a 

temperature of 60 deg. to 65 deg. C. The aluminum 

is soon covered with a dark brown coating. 

The metal may be bent or rolled without cracking 

the coating. A piece of aluminum thus coated is 

said to have been immersed in a salt solution for 

two months without showing the least trace of 

corrosion. 

THE TOLEDO MACHINE TOOL CO., Toledo, Ohio, has 

placed in operation its new foundry, the first unit 

of the new large plant, which will greatly increase 

its present manufacturing facilities. To provide for 

this expansion the company acquired 98 acres on 

Dorr Street, on which its present plant is located. 

Twenty-three acres are enclosed for a complete 

unit in addition to the foundry and will include a 

four-story machine shop, 1,250 ft. long and 200 it. 

wide which is now under contemplation. The foundrv 

is designed for castings ranging in weight from 

a few ounces to 50 tons. The foundry proper is 

378 ft. long and 180 ft. wide. It will be fully 

equipped with the latest devices. It will be heated 

by exhaust steam and direct radiation. It is pro-

262 M E T A L W 0 R K E R , P L U M 

vided with a well-equipped toilet and locker room, 

shower bath room witli hot and cold water and there 

are five small toilet rooms conveniently located. 

Drinking water is supplied at alternate building 

columns. 

THE NATIONAL TUBE CO., Pittsburgh, is continuing 

the purchase of property in the vicinity of its works 

at McKeesport. During the past week two parcels 

of land have been acquired for a consideration ot 

about $100,000, and negotiations have been com 

pleted for the purchase of four additional lots, 

17 x 150 ft., 46 x 150 ft. and 17 x 150 ft., at a price 

approximating $57,500. The company is under 

stood to be planning to utilize a portion of the land 

at an early date with the erection of a new building 

to cost in excess of $500,000. 

HOMER ADDAMS, director of the Kewanee Boiler Co., 

Kewanee, 111., and general sales representative, 47 

West Forty-second Street, New York City, re 

turned from a visit to the plant this week and re 

ports that the new extension contemplated by the 

company includes one building which will be 40o 

ft. wide, over 1,000 ft. in length and 48 ft. in 

height. These are the approximate dimensions of 

one of thc buildings, which will greatly increase 

the producing facilities of the company. 



Black and Oalvanized Sheets—Receipts keeping pace with 

demand. 

Tin Plate—Little stock available. 

Tin—Continued stagnation. 

Copper—Unchanged. 

Lead—Prices advanced. 

Zinc—Slightly increased interest. 

A ntimony—Inactive. 

Foundry (Joke—Increased supply. Prices lower and production 

and shipment improved. 

Linseed Oil—Stocks improving. Lower grades scarce. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Light demand. Price lower. 

all the trades are busy in the face of certain advances 

this fall because homes are being brought up-to-date 

in their comfort and equipment and this business will 

continue regardless of activity in the building trade. 

Railroads are doing better and since the increased 

freights must be paid, it will be shown in prices. Tin- 

new pig iron freight rate from Birmingham to Chicago 

ER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 20, 1920 

THE WHEELING STOVE & RANGE Co., Wheeling, W. 

Va., has been granted a patent on a flexible metallic 

connection for gas stoves, and will manufacture this 

specialty at its plant. 

THE DAVIS METAL FIXTURE CO. has been organized 

in Lansing, Mich., with a capitalization of $30,000. 

It was formerly the D. & B. Mfg. Co. C. J. Davis 

is president. 

THE EDWARD F. LYON CO., Detroit, has purchased 

the property of thc American Pressweld Radiator 

Co., 500 East Euclid Avenue. It will be used to 

house the axle and machine shops of the conipany. 

Hot Water Without The Heat of 

a Kitchen Fire 

(Continued from page 2t9) 

easier to read METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER, and get some useful dope first, and then be all 

fixed to tell a prospective customer what is really 

wanted. In that way I get the work before the other 

fellow knows anything about it and can get my own 

price. If you think this is worth anything pass it 

along for the use of the other fellows. More reading 

and thinking pays better than trying to out-figure the 

rest of the competitors. Kindest regards to you and 

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER. 

is $6.67 and with coke at $17.50 the iron market is 

strong, while steel in the. big line is marking time. 

There ure conflicting influences at work in other fields 

which as yet do not seem to have, any immediate bear 

ing on plumbing, heating and sheet metal trades. Fall 

business can be done on present basis without ami 

consideration of such influences. 


Xew York.—Buying for shipment before tbe advance 

in freight rates takes effect is no longer a factor, seeing 

that there is only a week more of old rates. The effort 

of New England consumers to pick up small lots to take thc 

Conditions In Other Fields Do Not Appl) place of iron they have under contract but that cannot gel 

^jr Continued confidence in a good trade for a long to them because of embargoes on routes from tbe furnaces 

'jj time ahead is assured to the business man who 

keeps informed and is aggressive in our fields. The 

disturbance in the textile, automobile and other indus 

having their contracts, have produced a small amount of 

activity. Some Virginia iron, for example, has been sold 

to New England at the new price of $30 at furnace, the 

Xew England freight being .$4.70. Foundries hesitate to 

tries, due to the sloraing up of buying because of prices buy for any distance ahead at the prices to which the mar 

lieing out of proportion to value received, finds no ket has jumped in the past 10 days. The outlook is for a 

such dissatisfaction in the sheet metal, plumbing and 

heating lines. In them splendid values are given and 

spot market for several weeks, with forward sales largely 

limited to foundries having made contracts for tli.'r castings 

and not caring to speculate on a decline in pig iron. 

We quote for delivery in the New York distriel as follows: 

East Pa., No. 1 fdv. 2.75 to 3.25 J53.80 to $54.80 

East Pa., No. 2X fdv., sil. 2.25 to 2.75 52.05 to 52.05 

East Pa., No. 2 fdv'., 1.75 to 2.25 50.80 to 51.80 

Xo. 2, Virginia sil. 1.75 to 2.25 52.40 to 54.40 

Chicago.—While the market is rather slow, a few good- 

M/.ed orders and inquiries have developed in tbe week. Effective 

Aug. 2(>, the freighl ou shipments of iron from


Birmingham to Chicago will advance to $6.0T. This increase 

will be overcome in part by the action of a large Southern 

producer in reducing its differentials for silicon content. 

This furnace, which is quoting foundry at $43, base, Birmingham, 

now adds $1.25 for the first increase in silicon content 

and $1 for the succeeding grades. Thus iron with 

3.25 to 3.75 per cent silicon is quoted at $1.75 less than 

formerly, or more than enough to absorb the increase in 

freight. Another important Southern producer continues 

to quote $42, base, Birmingham, with the old differential,. 





Northern coke, No. 1, 2.25 to 2.75 last half.... $48.25 

Northern coke, No. 1 spot^ 48.25 

Northern coke foundry. No. 2 sil. 1.75 to 2.25 



Southern coke No. 1 foundrv and No. 1 soft, 

sil. 2. 75 to 3.25 50.92 to 51.87 

Southern coke No. 2 foundry, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 49.92 to 50.37 


Philadelphia.—There is a growing scarcity of all irade. 

of iron, but it is more pronounced in foundry iron. Brokers 

who are heing importuned by their customers to find them 

a carload or two of spot iron are having difficulty finding 

furnaces that are willing to accept any business. Some furnaces 

have so little iron to offer for delivery over the remainder 

of the year that they prefer to sell only through 

their own offices. Some merchant furnaces which were expected 

to have a little free iron for this year have lost so 

much in production in the last few months, owing to difficulty 

in getting enough coke to maintain full operation, that 

their booked orders will take all they can make up to Jan. 

1. The new freight rate from Virginia furnaces to Philadelphia 

will be about $5.47, as compared with the existing 

rate of $4.10. The same rate of advance will apply on 

shipments from Alabama furnaces. In the following table 

of pig iron quotations, where delivered prices are given, the 

freight rates included are those now in use. These delivered 

prices will be changed to conform to the new freight 

rates as soon as these rates become effective. 


vards in Philadelphia or vicinity: 

East. Pa., No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil $50.90 to $51.85 

East. Pa. No. 2X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 52.90 to 53.10 

Virginia No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.75 sil 5410 

Virginia No. 2 X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 53.35 

Cincinnati.—While the market cannot be termed active, 

steady selling of pig iron continues, and prices on nearly 

all grades are higher. Furnaces are not actively soliciting 

for first quarter hut in some instances have booked orders 

from regular customers who insisted on being taken care 

nf. On Southern iron prices range from $42 to $4,5, the 

lower priee still being quoted for the rest of this year and 

the first half of next.' N'o sales are reported at the higher 

figure, though a number of furnaces are holding their last 

quarter output at this price. 


Ironton, quote f. o. b. Cincinnati: 

Southern coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (base price).... $45.60 to 46.60 

Southern coke, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 (No. 2 soft).... 46.85 to 47.85 

Southern Ohio coke, sil. $1.75 to 2.25 (Xo. 2).. 47.80 to 48.80 

Cleveland.—There is a decided scarcity of pig iron for 

delivery over the remainder of this year, and the lowest 

price obtainable seems to be $50 furnace. For delivery in 

the first half of next year, however, 10,000 tons have been 

sold within a few days on the base of $45, furnace, but it 

is doubtful whether any more $45 iron will be available. 

Sales of Ohio silvery are being made at the new quotation 

of $62.40, delivered "Cleveland, an advance of $2. On Alabama 

iron sales are being made of iron analyzing 2.75 to 

3.25 sil. at $44.25, Birmingham, whereas the regular differential 

would call for a quotation of $45. 

\\\ quote delivered Cleveland as follows, based on 40c switching 

cliarge for local iron, a $1.40 freight rate from Valley points, anil 


Xorthern, No. 2 fdy. sil. 1.75 to 2 25 $50.40 

Southern foundry, sil. 2.25 to 2 75 48.25 


Old Rubber.—Very dull and prices onlv nominal. 

Wholesale dealers' buying quotations arc: 

Boots and shoes b |„ fii^ 

I rimmed artics -! . I : 5 

Auto tires _'2-5 io 23-3 

Bicycle tires I 1 , to I'i 

Solid tires 2 to 2J/. 

Xo. 1 inner tulces 11'; to 12J/ 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4^/ 

Mixed red scrap 3'_ to 4 

Mixed black scrap \'/2 to 2 

Cotton lire Imse i.^ to ] y 

Garden hose 17 to 1 

Old Bags.—Better tone continues wilb slightly more 

business. Wholesale dealers' prices are: 

No. 1 whites $10.50 lo $11.00 

Xcc. 2 whites 5.50 to 5.75 

Thirds and blots 3.25 to 3.50 


Hard hack carpets 175 to 1.85 


Paper Stock.—Market continues stronger than usual. 

Wholesale dealers' buying quotations for New York are: 


Crumpled news 1.90 to 2.CII 

Old Materials 

Scrap Iron, Xew York.—Buying for Pittsburgh consumption 

has again forced up the priee of heavy melting 

steel, the figures paid in this district alone affecting the 

Xew York market, since very little steel is being sold for 

eastern Pennsylvania. The prices we quote are dependent 

on present freight rates, and may not apply to prices 

paid for delivery when rates have been advanced. Most 

brokers are assuming deliveries will have to be made under 

the freight advance, taking the profit themselves if they arc 

fortunate enough to ship before the increase. 

Prices which dealers in New York and Brooklyn are quoting lo 


Xo. 1 machinery cast $41.00 to $42.00 



Xo. 1. heavy cast, not cuplola size 32.00 to 33.00 

X T o. 2 cast (radiators, cast boilers, etc.) 29.00 tn 30.00 

Iron and steel pipe (1 in. in diam.. not under 

2 ft. long) 20.00 to 20.50 


Scrap Iron, Chicago.— An important local manufacturer 

has made large purchases of malleable at a maximum 

of $32.50 per gross ton. It is understood that big lots of 

re-rolling rails have also been bought recently at $37.50 

to $3ft.50 per gross ton. Stove plate is also fairly active 

and, influenced by the strength of Eastern markets, dealers 

are buying melting steel at advancing prices. Rolling mill 

grades and cast scrap are dull. On the whole, there have 

been few price changes but some sellers are optimistic 

and look forward to an active fall. Two of the important 

steel interests are expected to re-enter the market for 

melting steel. Owing to the tight financial situation, many 

country dealers are pressing their offerings to convert their 

stocks into cash. 



Per Net Ton 

Nn 1 cnst $36.00 to $37.DO 

Boiler punchings 27.50 tn 28.00 




Stove nlate 28 50 to 29.0(1 

tote 1-irs 29.00 to 50.00 

Rrnl-p .lines 26.50 to 27.IM") 

R^Tcad malleable •• » 50 to 29.00 


Country mixed »•

264 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUCUST 20. 1920 

is credited with having bought a sulistautial tonnage of cast 

iron borings for its Ohio works, Youngstown, Ohio, for 

which it is said to have paid $20 per gross ton delivered. 

Offerings of all kinds of cast scrap are extremely limited 

and very firmly priced. As high as $37 has been paid for 

a tonnage of heavy breakable cast for immeuiate delivery. 

Railroads are functioning a little better in the matter of 

moving scrap and providing cars for its shipment. 

Wc quote for delivery to consumers' mills in the Pittsburgh and 

oilier districts lhat take Pittsburgh freight rates as follows: 


Rolled sleel wheels 31.00 to 32.00 








Xo. 1 railroad wrought 33.00 to 34.00 

Old Metals, New York— The market is very quiet and 

lhe inclination of dealers is not to load up on metals. 



Copper, liglit and bottoms 13.00 

Coper, heavy and wire 14.75 

Brass, heavv 9.75 

Brass light ~-2\ 

Heavy machine composition 15.25 

Xc 1 vellow brass turnings 9.50 

Xo 1 red brass or composition turnings 12.25 

i.ea.l, Heavv 7.50 


Zinc 5-25 

Old Metals, Chicago.—Market quiet and prices unchanged. 

Dealers' buying prices for less than carload lets 

a re: 

Red brass 13.50 

Yellow Icrass. heavy 9.00 







Tea lead 3.00 

Tin foil : 30.00 


Zinc 

Pewter, No. 1 


4.00 

25.00 

Hlack and Galvanized Sheets.—Receipts continue to 

keep apace with demands and in some cases an impression 

on back orders is being made. 

Tin Plate.—Very little stock is available for the fourth 

quarter and sellers are trying to arouse interest in next 

year's orders. 

Copper.— Conditions remain unchanged but there is talk 

among some producers despite the lack of demand of advancing 

prices to cover the approaching increased freight 

rates. 

Tin.—so interest is shown by consumers, dealers or 

speculators and the market is as dull as ever known. 

Lead.—the expected price advance has occurred and 

notwithstanding the demand has improved. 

Zinc.—More interest has been shown during the past 

week but producers are not inclined to quote as far ahead 

as the fourth quarter because of the uncertainties of their 

costs. 

Antimony.—This market continues to be inactive. Chinese 

and Japanese now being quoted at 9 to 10 cents per 

pound. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh.—Despite the falling away in the 

demands from the automotive industry the pressure for tonages 

is quite as heavy as it has been at any time recently. 

Apparently other consumers have been encouraged by the 

news of the decline in automobile accessory requirements 

You can Build up your Ventilator 

Business with 

BURTS 

Notice Sliding Sleeve Damper (Patented) 

1'lease quote METAL WORKER. PLUMBEB AMD STEAM FITTER 

T H E BL RT line offers opportunities for 

a volume of sales wliich is unattainable with 

ordinary ventilators. 

Kurt design, workmanship and materials are 

recognized everywhere as standard for the most 

modern methods of ventilating all types of 

buildings. With the many Burt exclusive fea 

tures as sales points, vou can multiply your 

ventilator business many times over. 

Vou will find our proposition unusually interesting. 

THE BURT MANUFACTURING GO. 

300 Main Street, Akron, Ohio 

GEO. AV. REED & CO., Montreal, 

Sole Manufacturers of Burt Ventilator* for


to believe that they were in a better position to secure 

steel. The American Sheet & Tin Plate Co. is confining its 

bookings entirely to tonnages where buyers are providing 

the steel. This company has taken no such business in the 

past few days, although" in the lack of any material increase 

in the shipments of steel from its regular sources it may 

again open its books for conversion orders. Independents 

are still taking a little early shipment-business at fancy 

prices, sales of black sheets 'being noted from 8 to 8.50c, 

base; of galvanized from 9 to 9.50c, and of blue annealed 

from 6.50c to 7.25c Independent sheet mill operations 

have declined somewhat from the July average, whieh was 

in excess of 80 per cent of capacity. The American Sheet 

& Tin Plate Co. recently had only 30 per cent of its sheet 

mills running, due to the failure of steel supplies from regular 

sources. All makers have comparatively large stocks 

piled up awaiting shipments, those of the independent companies 

being estimated at more than 100,00 tons. 

Tin Plate, Pittsburgh.— Buyers are importuning independent 

companies to enter orders for fourth quarter of 

this vear and the first quarter and half of next year. Manufacturers 

have so little tonnage available for shipment over 

the remainder of the year that the more general disposition 

is to decline such business. Some orders, however, have 

heen accepted by one maker on a basis of $9 per base box 

Pittsburgh. Stock items still are being eagerly sought and 

the price largely is in the hands of sellers. Generally stock 

tin plate is selling at $9 to $10, but it is rumored that as 

much as $12 has been obtained by some makers. 

NOTES AND PRICES 

Linseed Oil. Demand is light and no surplus stock at 

mills In lots of 5 bbl. and over, city raw American seed 

is quoted at $1.46 to $1.51, and out-of-town raw American 

seed is quoted at $1.-16 to $1.51. In lots of less than 5 bbl. 

3c. more per gallon is asked. Boiled oil brings 2c more 

per gallon than raw oil. 

Spirits of Turpentine.—Demand continues light In 

machine barrels in yard, the wholesale price is quoted at 

$1.62 per gallon. 

Rosin—Stocks in yard improving, but lower grades are 

still scarce. On the basis of 280 lb. to the barrel the 

wholesale price of common-to-good strained is $13.50. 


Iron and Steel Pipe.—Makers in this district have experienced 

little if any improvement in the shipping situation. 

In fact, the more gelieral report is that conditions are worse 

than they have been, as the railroads are extremely careful 

in seeing that cars with sides of more than 38 in are not 

placed for loading pipe. New demands appear to be somewhat 

less urgent but the obligations ot manufacturers show 

no decrease. 

Foundry Coke.—It is possible not only to quote lower 

prices on beehive oven coke than have prevailed recently, 

but the market is easier to the extent that it is possible 

to secure supplies to-day, where a fortnight ago, even at 

higher prices, demands were to be covered only with considerable 

difficulty. The car supply in the Connelsville re 

gion has been progressively better over the past two weeks 

and p oduction and shipments have been rising in keeping 

with the development. Larger shipments against contracts 

has lessened the 1 spot demand ^ " ^ " ^ ^ ^ ^ 

for the fact that some tonnage is available to-day. While 

ales of spot furnace coke recently have been made as high 

.S.1 .50 for tonnages of low sulphur and low phosphorus 

nleX -- been lone. Eighteen » ^ = 

11,6 ** °" S' offered 1 S__^t£»5 net SfotS. 

K b fo? spot coke to-day is quotable at $17.50 to 

$18 f" furnace and $18 to $19 for foundry. 

_ ,.,.....,. - CEH, PLUMBER AND 

VOCEf 

I PATENTED 

FROST-PROOF 

CLOSETS 




Your customers who are postponing 

new building operations will be glad 




yard. 






No pit needed. 




Wilmington 

Delaware 

Commends Furnace Article 

So many of the successful furnace men bear testimony 

of the benefit they have derived from reading 

our publication that we would neglect a duty if we 

did not present tbe following letter from R. W. 

Menk, of the Excelsior Steel Furnace Co., Chicago, 

111.: 

Mr. Frank K. Chew, 

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM FITTER, 

243 West 39th Street, 

Xew York City, N. Y. 

Mv cle ar Mr - Chew: i.**.- 

I note vour article in reference to my^lette. 

of July 13 

hope that 

S°_#fes=xB= 

F--HSs a Ks. _ hs. 

tention to the installattm£gaf » ;lU times, 

Assuring you ot my neartj L" "i 

1 am Verv truly yours, 

' (Signed) R. W. MENK. 

T„_ .ANITARY ENGINEERING CO.. 411 Union Arcade, 

T "tfsbu"!! Pa., is issuteg a bulletin illustrating 

andI describing the sanitary septic tanks tor res,d„cs 

farm houses and industrial towns as man^ 

u acturcd by it- The bulletin sliows the plan and 

S o n o/the tank and contains a shor t «£Ration 

of the bacterial action taking place in the 

duction of the sewage. 

STEAM FITTER when writing to advertisers










for heavy work. It gives you the heat you need just when you 

want it and does it without a blower. It is efficient, durable, 

simple e conomical. 

Shipped on Ten Days Trial 

Write us today for further information and free 10-day approval 

offer and let us show you what the Red-Devil will do right on 

your own work. 

The Vesuvian Products Company 

13831 Mayfair Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 

Actus. 20, 1920 



As there are many consumers whose requirements are not sufliciently heavy 





ALUMINUM- 

5 in 4.25 4.05 3.00 

NO. 1 aluminum guaranteed over 5J_ in 4.90 4.50 3.50 

99% pure, in ingots for remelt 6 in 5.05 4.75 4.00 

ing, 100-lb. lots—37 to 39c. 7 in 6.50 7.50 

ANTIMONY— 


Chinese and Japanese, per lb. Galvanized Steel— 

9c to 10c Plain Round and Corrugated— 




BISMUTH— 

Square 40% 


CONDUCTORS— 


Corrugated— 

Furnace Pipe and Fittings- 



.12 

Galvanized steel 30% LEAD— METAL LATH— 

Toncan or ingot 15% American Under 100 I'ig. sq. per yd. lie per ..lie sq. to yd. lU.c 40c 

Copper 10% PAINTS, OILS, ETC.— 


Leads— 


Lead, American White, in Oil, 


kegs less than 500 lbs., 15J/sc 




pails; add to keg price J4 


Conductor.) 



COPPER— 

Lake ingot 21-21' J c 


Casting 19.4-20c 

COPPER SHEETS 


lb., 29^_c mill. 


and over. 

For less than 100-lb. lots, 2c per Ib. 

advance. 




long 48 in. 

and to 

less . 96.in. 

sq. ft. sq. it. 

10 jn. wide and under 6c 7c 

10 in. to 36 in. wide... 5c 6c 


Planished, lHc per sq. ft. more 





long 

and Over 

less 96.in.. 








Copper 10% 




ELBOWS- 

NO. 1 No. 2 No. 3 

4 in $4.00 $3 90$ 2.75 

4-V_ in 4.10 3.95 2.85 

C 

ROSIN— 


Common to good strained (whole private brands very according to 

sale), 280 lbs., per bbl $12.50 composition. 

SHEETS— 





No. 10, per lb 6.50-8.00 5-lb. cans, each $3.00 


No. 14. per lb 6.60-8.10 Gallon $1.25 

No. 16, per lb 6.70-8.20 12-gal. Carboy ...,90c per gallon 

Black— One Pass. C R. 



No. 18 to 20, per lb 7.S0-. 9.B0 gal $1.75 

No. 22 to 24, per lb 7.85- 9.85 SOLDERING COPPERS— 


No. 27, per lb 7.95- 9 95 In 100 to 300-lb. lots advance 2c 

No. 28. per lb 8.00-10.00 per lb. 


No. 30, per lb 8.25-10.25 vance 4c per lb. 



10c higher 

2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 


Copper $2.80 $3.75 $5.75 $9.00 dz. 


20 gauge 11.10c Galv SO 1.15 1.65 2.75 dz. 

lbs., 15c 

22 and 24 gauge 11.20c TIN PIGS AND BARS— 

Dry Colors— 

26 gauge 11.30c Straits, pigs per lb 52c 


28 gauge 11.50c Straits, in bars, per lb—57c to 62c 

Per 100 lbs., 2J_ to 5c 

Galvanized— 






Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 

No. 16 9.25-11.25 "AAA" Charcoal Melyn Grade: 

Oils— 

Nos. 18 and 20 9.40-11.40 IC, 14 x 20 $16.50 

Linseed City Raw $1.46 to $1.51 

Nos. 22 and 24 9.25-11.55 IX, 14 x 20 18.75 


No. 26 9.70-11.70 IXX, 14 x 20 20.50 

gal 2c 

No. 27 9.85-11.85 IXXX, 14 x 20 22.25 


No. 28 10.00-12.00 IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 

ret $1.46 to $1.51 

No. 30 10.50-13 00 "A" Charcoal Allaways Grade: 


No. 28 and lighter, 36 in. wide, IC, 14 x 20 $14.25 

Tn Machine Bbl $1.62 

20c higher IX, 14 x 20 16.25 

PUTTY— 

Corrugated Roofing—Galvanized— IXX, 14 x 20 18.00 

2y2 Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c 

in. corrugations, 30 per 100 lbs. IXXX, 14 x 20 19.75 

In 1-lb to 5-lb. tins, 6.00 to 7.35c 


IXXXX, 14 x 20 21.50 

REGISTERS— 



Cast Iron 10% 

Prices quoted on application. Prime, 14 x 20 in.: 


2_2-in. Corrugation 

80-Ib $11.80 

White Japan or Electro plate and 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

90-lb 11.90 


No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

100-lb 12.00 

Wall Frames ...20% 

No. 26, per 100 sq. ft. 

IC 12.25 


No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

IX 13.25 

larger 40% 


IXX 14.25 


F. O. B. cars, Quarry Station. IXXX 15.25 










No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 IC, 14 x 20 9.50 

or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain 




14 x 14 in., 



Vermont— 




r 

1-PIy Tarred Paper, per ton, 

Unfading Green 6.50 to 13 50 20-lb. Coating 12.25 

A Real Fire Pot 

$102.00 

Red 22.00 30-lb. Coating 13.50 


Maine— 


BLAST GATES 

2-Ply Tarred Paper $1,60 

VESUVIAN « ? ^ 


M. F. Grade 13.50 


No. 1 $14.00 40-lb Coating 15.00 





RED-DEVIL NO. 20 Roofing Pitch, per ton $30.00 

SOLDER— 


1 


-- to ' _, guaranteed 38c Western Slabs 10-llc 

There's nothing like it for helping you out on a rush job or No. 1 35c Sheets No. 9 base casks 14J_c 

Refined 30c 


Made by 

BERGER BROS. CO. 

Are Strong and Durable 

They are designed to close pipes supplying blast to 

furnaces, forges, boilers, etc., or for controlling heated 

air in connection with fan systems of heating. 

Largest assortment of sizes, our prices are lowest. 

229-231 ARCH ST. PHILADELPHIA


Plumber _> Steam Fitter 

FLORAL PARK, N. Y., AUGUST 27, 1920. 






Simplified Layout for Puttyless Skylight 

A Simple But Substantial Construction 

Used in Competitive Skylight Work 

BY CONTRACTOR 

RECENTLY an order was received to make some 

flat skylights in the shop involving about 900 sq. 

ft. glazed with %,-in. thick wire glass. In other 

words, there were thirty skylights of the flat style, 

the pitch being made in the wooden curb, each skylight 

measuring 3 x 10 ft., the bar running the 3-ft. way. 

There was quite some competition on this job, and 

as the contract was taken long before the increase in 

WM/M///M//M 

ih Girth for bar 

for the entire skylight: One for the curbs, one for 

the bar and one for the caps. The formations of the 

various sections were such that the least amount of 

material was required. 

The skylights were placed over enclosed wagon and 

storage sheds. The roofs had an angle of 30 deg. 

and were covered with standing seam tin roofing. The 

skylight frames were of wood, flashed 6 in. above the 

roof line. 

The various constructions were as follows: The 

metal curbs were drafted to use but 4-in. girth; the 

skvlight bar 3y2-_a. girth; the caps 1%-in. girth 

and the caps were secured with soft copper wire 1-16 

pip/.i_W£ m 'Th_ C -ectional view of the bar and cap with full- 

' " f/ '"""••' size girth measurements is shown in Fig. 1. Note 

the simple formation of the bar and cap. lhe glass 

l&Girth for cap 

FIG. 1 SECTIONAL VIEW OF BAR AND CAP WITH 

DIMENSIONS 

wages became effective, it was necessary to detail a 

construction which would be of sufficient strength, 

meet the approval of the architect, and save material 

and time in bending the curbs and bars. In short, 

a metallic construction had to be drafted of sufficient 

strength, made of No. 24 galvanized iron. 

As the skylight was to be puttyless, care had to be 

taken in its construction to provide for any fine snow 

or rain which might seep to the inside, being careful 

in the formation of the bars and curbs to carry to the 

outside any leakage. 

After making various rough drafts, the form of 

construction shown in tlie accompanying illustrations 

was decided upon. This greatly simplified the pattern 

cutting, as onlv three miter cuts were required 

Profile, for hock and 

sides of curb. 

4 Girth for curb on all four aides 

FIG. 2—SECTIONAL VIEW OF CURB WITH GIRTH 

MEASUREMENTS 

lavs upon the %-in. edge, as shown, and. should any 

storm drive in snow or rain under the capping, it will 

run at a pitch into the gutters a, a, and dram into the


! 

1 

-» 

1 

10 

—15"-— -^/_'— *-l}7-». -.15 '-» »-IS'-» -* 15 "-_ 

.o Flat skylights like this. 

CONSTRUCTION OF THE BARS AND CURBS OF SKYLIGHT 

Fig. 4. Finding the Amount of Stock Required Fig. 5. Forming the Side and Back 

Fig. 6. Forming Lower Curb Fig. 7. Forming the Bar 

lower curb gutter sliown in Fig. 2, thence to the outside 

through the weep holes indicated by the arrow a. 

In the formation of the skylight bar in Fig. 1, only 

SYo-in. girth of metal is required and lô-in. girth 

for the V-shaped cap. The formation of the curb for 

the back and sides is shown in Fig. 2 and from the 

measurements thereon indicated, 4-in. girth of metal 

will be needed. 

The profile for the lower curb is similar in shape 

and girth to tlie curb at back and sides, except that 

the upper flange A-B in the back curb is bent to the 

shape C-D in the profile for the front of the curb, all 

of which will be explained in this article. Note that 

the line of the glass rest in the bar profile E meets 

the line of the glass rest at both top and bottom of 

the skylight at h and i. 

Knowing the constructive features, the three patterns 

were laid out as in Fig. 3. The sectional view 

was drawn as shown, being careful to have the glass 

line of the bar run in line with the glass line of the 

curb, all as sliown; also to have the caps over the 

bar and curb in their proper relative positions, all 

as indicated in the drawings. X indicates the brass 

wood screw employed in securing the metal curb to the 

wood frame, after the frame was flashed with tin and 

painted. Note that the cap of the curb was bent inward 

at 19-20 so as to have a close fit against the 

curb at 20. 

PATTERN FOR CURB 

The pattern for the bar was developed as follows: 

On any vertical line as 1-9 place the girth of the curb 

numbered from 1 to 9, as shown by similar numbers 

on the vertical line 1-9. Through these small figures 

at right angles to 1-9 draw lines as shown, which intersect 

by lines drawn parallel to 1-9 from similar 

numbered intersections in the profile of curb. 

Fines drawn tlirougli intersections so obtained as 

indicated by A-B will be the desired miter cut for the 

four corners of the curb. Allow laps on the short 

sides of tlie curb, as shown by the dotted lines. All 

measurements must be taken from the arrow point, 

using this cut on all corners for the four sides of the 

curb. 

The pattern for the bar was obtained in a similar 

manner. The girth of the bar 10 to 13 to 10 was 

* • 

AUCIST 27. 1920 

Lj' 

Curbs 

placed upon the vertical line 10-10 below the sectional 

view, as shown by similar numbers, and from these 

small figures, at right angles to 10-10, the usual measuring 

lines were drawn and intersected by lines drawn 

from the intersections between the bar and curb in 

the sectional view, all as shown by the dotted lines, 

from the curb to the pattern. 

The outline, indicated by C-D in the bar pattern, 

then represents the miter cut to be used on both ends 

of the bar, making all measurements from the arrow 

point on line 13. Allow laps for soldering purposes, 

as indicated by the dotted lines. 

PATTERN FOR CAPS 

The pattern for the bar caps 14 to 16 to 14 is laid 

out as follows: At pleasure draw any vertical line as 

]'-_'. on whicli place the girth of the bar cap 14-15- 

16, as shown by similar numbers on V-aA Through 

these small figures at right angle to \'-a' draw lines 

indefinitely, as shown. At pleasure draw any vertical 

line 1-a in the sectional view. Now measuring from 

1-a, take the various projections to points 17-18 and 

19 and place them on the lines 14-15 and 16, respectively, 

in the pattern for bar cap, measuring in each 

instance from the line \'-a', thus obtaining the miter 

cut E-F-G. 

The pattern for the curb cap is obtained in a similar 

manner. Draw any vertical line as \"-a", on 

which place the girth of the curb cap 17-18-19-20 in 

the sectional view, as shown by similar numbers on 

\"-a". Through these small figures at right angles 

to 1"-_.'' draw lines indefinitely, as shown. 

Now, measuring from the line 1-a in the sectional 

view, take the various projections to points 17-18-19 

and 20 and place them on similar numbered lines in 

the pattern, measuring in each instance from the line 

\"-a", thus obtaining the miter cut H-b. Allow laps 

on the short sides, as indicated by the dotted lines. 

On the upper curb, where this cap intersects the 

bars 15 in. on centers, as shown in Fig. 4, it is notched 

out, as shown in the pattern for curb cap in Fig. 3, 

by L-M, and over this notch the pattern cut for bar 

cap E-F-G miters. 

When the patterns were laid out, a rough diagram 

was made which indicated the number of bars and the 

size of glass to order from the factory.

AUGUST 27, 1920 


It may not be out of place to mention here that 

quite a saving results if the glass is ordered before 

the skylights are made up. Then the glass is shipped 

direct from the factory, resulting in quite a savin* 

in cash. 

8 

CONSTRUCTION 

All the bars and curb were cut on the squaring 

shears to make quick work and the forming of the 

curb for back and sides was done as shown in Fig. 5: 

The sketch was made as shown in Fig 4 There The hem edge a and a was first bent right and left, 

were thirty of these skylights 3 x 10 ft. Eight di as indicated. A square bend was next made at b, then 

visions were put in the length, making each division a bend at 45 deg. at c and another square bend at _'. 

35 in., 8X15 = 120; 120 — 12 == 10 ft. Thus Bend c was placed between the jaws of the brake and 

each skylight required seven skylight bars and seven closed, as indicated at d. 

Ar 

The leakage gutter was obtained by making a %-in. 

bend on 2, as shown in the third diagram at e. This 

made a strong curb for the back and sides of the skylight. 

The bending of the front of the curb, shown in 

Fig. 2, was done as shown in Fig. 6. Here the curb 

was formed the same as shown by a-c-a in Fig. 5. 

The height b x was set off on b a, as called for in 

Fig. 2, or % in., and a square bend was made, bringing 

the formation, as shown by / in Fig. 6. The distance 

from / to Y was made Y2 in., as called for in 

Fig. 2, a square bend made, bringing the shape as 

shown by g h i in Fig. 6. Bend h was then clamped 

together in the brake and the leakage gutter formed 

up as at e in Fig. 5, thus obtaining the profile for 

the front or lower side of curb shown in Fig. 2. 

The forming of the bar is shown in the four diagrams 

in Fig. 7. The bends a, b and c were first 

made, the distance c-d made 1 in. and a square bend 

made as shown by e; e-f was made % in. and a square 

bend made on f, bringing the formation as shown by 

h g. Bend h was now clamped tight in the brake, at 

i, thus completing the bar. 

The caps need no description in bending, as they 

are so simple. After the upper curb was set together in 

H 

SO 

10-ft. lengths, the 15-in. bar centers were marked off 

I Patt ern for 

on the gutter edge, as shown in Fig. 8, % in. meas 

I 

q> -Q 

to 

1 

Measure 

from arrow 

' point. 

Pattern 

for bar. 

j curb cap 

\ 

J 

19 

IB 

17 

L 

A . 

\ 

ured on either side of these centers, and the 1-in. 

width of the lower pant of the skylight bar notched 

out, and flattened, as sliown. This allowed for the 

mitering of the bar at the top of the curb, the upright 

corners a being soldered to make a tight joint. 

The intersection of the bar with the lower curb is 

shown in Fig. 9. This lower curb was notched similar 

to Fig. 8, the joint being indicated in Fig. 9 by b. 

Note that the bar a joined the %-in. bend a of the 

FIG. 3 DEVELOPING THE PATTERNS 

curb at a. 

In the center of each light of glass a round hole 

bar caps, or a total of 7 X 30, or 210, skylight bars was punched from the inside with a prick punch, as 

36 in. long, measured from the arrow point on the pat shown by the black circles c and c. This allowed for 

tern; also 210 bar caps 36 in. long, with a miter cut the escape of any seepage. 

on one end only, the lower end being cut square. 

Sixty side curbs were required, each 36 in. long, 

CAPPING THE BARS AND CURBS 

measuring from the arrow point on the pattern, also When all the skylights were put together copper 

60 curb caps 36 in. long. Sixty curbs, 10 ft. long, wire cleats 1-16 in. thick were soldered to the bar and 

were required, measuring from the arrow point in the curbs about 15 in. apart. These copper wires could 

pattern, for both upper and lower curbs. As the di have been soldered to the sides of the bars and curbs, 

visions between the bars measured 15 in. and as the but the better way was to set them between the folded 

metal of the bars was doubled, an allowance had to metal. 

be made to allow for the expansion and contraction, The location of the wire cleat being known, a slight 

so that the glass was ordered 14% in. wide. 

tap with the corner of the hammer upon the bar, as 

Referring to Fig. 2, it will be noted that the glass at A in Fig. 10, made a slight dent in the metal, or 

projected beyond the curb line C % hi- As the length just enough to keep the prick punch from slipping 

of the bar was 36 in., as in Fig. 4, then 36 + % = off, when a hole was punched to receive the copper 

36l/o in. in length. An allowance of % in. was made wire B, which was allowed to enter % in., as at a, 

for expansion, so that the glass was ordered 36% in. and project !/2 > 

long. As there were eight lights of glass to each 

skylight, 30 X 8, or 240 lights of %-in. wire glass 

14% x 36% in. was ordered from the factory. 

n " as a ^ B. With large pliers the 

punched hole was closed tight and the copper wire 

soldered. 

After the glass was laid in position, as shown in 

269


the diagram to the right,the position of the wire cleats firmly on to the glass, as at C, then the copper wire 

were marked on the cap and, using a solid punch of turned down and over, as at D, which completed the 

FURTHER DETAILS OF BAR AND CURB FORMATION 

Fig. S. Notching the upright Fig. 10. Securing the metal Fig. 9. Joining bar to lower 

flange on back curb and capping curb and showing weep holes 

showing formation of back 

and sides 

just the right size holes were punched in the caps. job. Two men and a helper worked on those thirty 

The caps were slipped over the copper wires, pressed skylights and not a light of glass was broken. 

The Path That Leads To Money 

In The Bank 

EXT week there will be presented the first of the articles which will run for 

_\ several months to show THE PATH THAT LEADS The start was postponed to 

Sept. 3. There is no TO MONEY (N THE BANK dissenting voice when it is 

asserted that more manufacturers' product would be sold and more homes would 

enjoy comfort and conveniences if the man who knows how to do the mechanical 

work also knew how to do the merchandising work and was an adept at it. It is 

the purpose of these articles to make a man qualified to do just this. 

He will befriend the manufacturer and the family by getting the output into 

service by simply becoming active in seeing the home folks and becoming fluent, 

entertaining and instructive in showing them how even the farmer can have all the 

comforts of the citizens of the avenue. 

Those who will read and practice will find ifl£ PATH THAT LEADS a blazed 

trail easy to follow, with a welcome at every TO MONEY IN THE BANK inhabited 

crossing. 

Remember the date and after you have read the first article see that all your 

employees read and remember to put the suggestions into practice for the prosperity 

and pleasure of all in your community. 

I


TWO GORDON HEATERS INSTALLED IN FOUNDRY OF PEERLESS FOUNDRV CO., CINCINNATI 

The building is 120 x 200 ft., with an average roof height of IS ft., and has a total exposed wall area of 7,300 sq. 

ft. and a total glass area of 9,700 sq. ft. of air per min. Kach Heater handles about 8,000 cu. ft. of air per min. 

The distance from he iter to the most remote corner is 135 ft. 

Mechanically Operated Hot Blast Heater 

Principle of Air Propulsion Embodied in 

Gordon Furnace for Use in Foundry or Shop 

F O R the purpose of reducing the amount of fuel 

used in heating the upper section of a building 

and to draw the heated air to the floor where it 

is needed, Robert Gordon, Inc., 622 West Monroe 

Street, Chicago, 111., has embodied the principle of 

air-propulsion in a hot-air furnace. In the Gordon 

CUT-AWAY VIEW OF OORDON FURNACE 

The inflowing air, entering at the bottom and side, 

passes through a series of staggered fins and tubes, where 

its temperature is raised to from SO deg. Fahr. to 400 

deg., as desired. The lieated air is drawn from the furnace 

by a multivane blower which forces it into the 

building through various outlets in the distribution 

chamber of the heater 

heater a mechanically driven multi-vane fan projects 

the heated air horizontally from the top of the furnace 

at a rate of from 5,000 to 15,000 cu. ft. per min.. 

depending on the rated capacity of the installation. 

Because of its speed, the air rises only sufficiently to 

form a slight arc terminating at the sides of the 

building. Here its direction is determined by the suction 

of the furnace fan, which draws in the air on the 

floor level. 

Although the natural tendency of warm air is to 

rise, in this case the cold air pressing down from above 

and the vacuum created below forces it in a downward 

sweep back to the base of the heater. This 

scheme of circulation has the effect of holding approximately 

75 per cent of the heat units generated 

by the furnace within the breathing zone. 

In foundries a further advantage of the installa- 

I ion is the fact that the down current of comparatively 

dry warm air absorbs the steam rising from the molds 

on the floor. 

At the furnace the cycle of circulation, just described, 

is completed, the air on the floor being sucked 

in through an annular opening practically surrounding 

the base of the furnace and an aperture below the 

coal door, after wliich it is again forced out by the 

fan through the open leader pipes of the bonnet into 

the atmosphere of the shop. 

In a large machine shop, equipped with a Gordon 

furnace, careful thermometer readings taken near 

windows, in remote corners, at the floor level and at 

an elevation of 15 ft., it is stated, showed a range in 

temperature of only 5 deg.; and in another plant, 

tests showed a temperature of 68 deg. Fahr. at the 

iloor, 7-1 deg. at an elevation of 9 ft., -11 deg. at a 

point 18 ft. above the floor and 28 deg. just below 

the roof of the monitor at a height of 36 ft. 

OPERATION OF GRATES 

The grates in the Gordon heater are of the revolving 

shell bar tvpe with three wearing or burning surfaces, 

features which arc conducive to long service.


They operate in pairs in either direction and when 

revolved in the proper direction, will crush and dump 

cinders and clinkers. Grates of this type have a 

large free air surface, thus promoting the flow of the 

air through the coal and eliminating dead pockets in 

the fire. Through the mechanical projection of the 

warmed air from tlie furnace, the effectiveness of the 

heater is freed from the influence of outside atmospheric 

conditions, such as the direction or force of 

the wind. 

The furnace is usually installed in the middle of a 

plant structure, as the best results are obtained when 

conductor piping is unnecessary. However, in a few 

installations local conditions required placing the 

furnace outside the plant room to be heated and in 

those cases conductor piping was used with satisfactory 

results. 

The heater is built with an interior and front 

entirely of heavy cast iron, inclosed by a galvanized 

sheet metal casing. The diameter of the casing ranges 

from 51 to 60 in. and its height from 8 ft. 4 in. to 9 

ft., according to the size of the furnace installed. 

The heater is arranged to burn bituminous or anthracite 

coal, coke, oil and gas. The manufacturer 

has developed an oil burner that has a range of combustion 

from 1 to 12 gal. per hr. This is a power 

driven unit with a pressure blower and geared pump. 

England Chief Buyer of Machinery 

in June 

England continued the chief purchaser of American 

metal-working machinery in June, and Canada almost 

got into second place, according to the figures compiled 

by the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, 

Washington, D. C. Out of a total exportation 

of metal-working machinery of $3,504,723 in that 

month, $894,566 worth went to England. Japan's 

share was $606,074 and Canada bought $604,333 

worth. France, which has been in second place in 

most months, dropped to $409,799. Out of the total, 

$846,583 represents the value of the lathes exported, 

$1,127,297 "other machine tools," $395,903 sharpening 

and grinding machines and $1,134,940, "all other 

metal-working machinery. 


Suggestions on Providing More Abundant Cold Air 

Supply and Better Protection to Warm Air Piping 

1HERE is a tremendous fund of information based 

on experience that could be made available if the 

invitation were ac- 

cepted by American furnacemen 

to give information 

to the English furnaceman, 

whose letter appeared 

in the issue of July 

2, under the head of 

"More Furnace Trade 

Abroad?" 

"I feel like contributing 

something on this subject, ' 

writes Charles N. Hayden, 

Arlington, Mass., "because 

I find that nine out of 

every ten furnaces that are 

not working right have an 

inadequate air supply. It 

is eitlier too small or the 

people have it almost completely 

shut off. There 

might be some interest in 

an experience I had recently. 

"I figured on a job for a 

man in West Roxbury. He 

called me up a few days 

later, saying my price was 

too high. I asked him how 

much toot high and he said 

$60. 

"My reply was, 'Well, 1 

hope you get a $60 better job at the same price. 

"A few davs later he 

PACLOE DINING 

ROOM 

BED 

COOM u 

called me and asked me if 

I could heat the bathrooms. 

There were two on the first 

W J cÔOM 

KUTCH EN 

and second floors at the extreme 

back of the two-family 

house. I told him I 

could. He said if I was 

sure I could heat the bathrooms 

I might have the 

job. He told me the other 

fellow was of the opinion 

PLAN- FIRST FLOOR. 

that as the bathrooms were 

so far from the furnace 

with so little pitch to the 

pipes, he could not be sure 

of heating them. I replied 

that if he did not get heat 

in the bathrooms, he could 

keep the $60. 

"I installed the job last 

December and after trying 

it out on a good cold dav 

_fLcri_N*A the man called me up and 

said, 'Everything is O. K.; 

come and get your money.' 

"As you will see by the 

plan, the job presented 

-.CT ION 

some difficulty. There was 

a furnace for each floor, 

and from one the run was 

over 30 ft. and from the 

THE JOB AND HOW IT WAS DONE 

other over 25 ft. The

AUGUST 27, 1920 METALWORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 273 

warm-air pipes were strapped to the floor timbers, 

without any pitch, and then they would have had 

to proceed through a cold space or cold-air storage 

closet before getting to the bathrooms. The question 

was how could it be done ? 

"I cut off the top of the door to the cold room and 

put in a header for the door, like a transom bar. To 

the floor timbers I fastened sheets of tin. I closed 

up the space in the cold room at one end and ran the 

pipes under the floor all the entire distance to the 

bathroom. I lined the space with asbestos paper, 

leaving the part next to the top of the door open into 

the main cellar. That virtually put the space in 

direct connection with the warm cellar. I then ran 

two warm-air pipes, both 8 in. in diameter, to the 

risers and the smoke pipe I ran underneath them 

as far as was required to reach the kitchen chimney 

with which it was connected, using 7-in. smoke pipe 

for the purpose. The accompanying sketches, plans 

and elevation make the work clear. 

"I proportioned my cold air supply duct on a basis 

of three-quarters of the area of all the warm-air pipes. 

This seemed to do everything that was required because 

the man was satisfied and I got the money." 

Care of Heaters In Summer 

BY SKRAP 

AGREAT deal has been said lately about the 

proper care of boilers and furnaces in the summer. 

While the information given has been more or 

less to the point, the writer believes one of the most 

important things has been overlooked. Here is a 

little personal experience along this line which carries 

the subject along a little farther. 

The shop has taken out a furnace for a customer 

which had been installed only about 4 years, but is 

a wreck. Now this is an exceptional case because 

the cellar is very wet in the summer and the furnace 

had not had proper care, but it serves to illustrate 

the point in question. 

On the other hand, the writer has just moved out 

of a house where he had lived for 22 years. When 

he moved into the house the furnace had been in 

about 3 years, which makes 2 years familiarity with 

its service. The furnace was second-hand when put 

in the house and it is not known how long it was used 

before that. 

The only repairs made to the furnace in 22 years 

was a new smoke pipe and one new radiator—the old 

one was of sheet metal. And when the writer left the 

house, the furnace seemed good for 20 years more. 

The wreck of the first furnace mentioned can only 

be accounted for by the fact that it was allowed to 

get wet and the preservation of the other furnace to 

the fact that it was kept perfectly dry during the 

summer. 

It may seem strange, but it is a fact, that a furnace 

with decent care does not burn out. At least 90 per 

cent of the wear is by rust and rust can be prevented 

by keeping the furnace dry. 

If the writer's chemistry is correct and written so 

as to be understood, coal in burning gives off a certain 

amount of sulphuric acid in the form of crystals. 

These crystals are comparatively harmless when dry, 

but when water is present, the acid becomes active 

and there is nothing that eats up iron faster. Adding 

to this the other fact that the sulphuric crystals have 

an extraordinary affinity for moisture which they absorb 

from the air faster than quick lime, there is a 

combination whose first, middle and last name is "Destruction" 

to all forms of heating apparatus. 

The only remedy is to keep the furnace dry. The 

method used by the writer, which he believes pretty 

nearly correct as he kept his furnace in good condition 

for 22 years, is to thoroughly clean the smoke pipe 

and all flues as soon as the coal fire is out. Then all 

the waste paper that accumulates about the house 

should be allowed to get perfectly dry, preferabh-- in 

the sun, and put into the furnace. Every 10 days or 

two weeks all during the summer this should be burned 

up. There are always cool nights or mornings or 

rainy days when this can be done without inconvenience 

and it pays big as it not only preserves the 

furnace but keeps the house itself from getting damp. 

THE NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE BOARD 

has removed its headquarters from Boston to New 

York, and on Aug. 23 offices were established at 10 

Fast Thirty-ninth Street. An announcement is made 

that business executives and economists and others interested 

in the board's work will find at its offices 

much valuable information on industrial-economic 

subjects which is constantly being collected and analyzed. 

Magnus W. Alexander is managing director. 

Recipes From an Old Scrap Book


National Trade Extension Activitie 

A Co-operative Effort by the Dealers and Contractors 

to Increase Production, Eliminate Wase and Supply 

the Public with the Best Appliances Efficiently and 

Economically Installed 

T H E real purpose of the National Trade Extension 

Bureau of the plumbing and heating industry 

is co-operation for better service. Having 

successfully passed through its organization period 

beset with the handicaps occasioned by the World 

War, it is now prepared to carry out its policy and 

to give service both to its members and to the public. 

There need be no fear that the work of this Bureau 

properly conducted will not serve a national want 

and, therefore, receive encouragement by all interests 

striving for the settlement of business unrest and the 

promotion of national prosperity. 

It is the purpose of this article to place before the 

reader the position that each of the groups composing 

this Bureau occupies—its relation to the others and to 

the public, and how each may receive a profitable 

return without infringing upon the rights of the others. 

In the first group are the dealers—comprising the 

manufacturers and jobbers in plumbing, heating and 

water supply appliances. It is their aim to have their 

goods known and used by the public, and as they sell 

only merchandise, they require the assistance of the 

second group—the contractors—to install these goods 

and make them a finished product. Right here the 

work of increased production, the elimination of waste 

and efficient and economical installation have their 

places. In the past we have had, on thc part of the 

dealers, the individual advertisement, the individual 

sales force and the curtailed territory, all of which 

were attended with waste, restricted production and 

poor installation. 

The individual advertisement, sometimes poorly 

worded or printed, often offended tliose to whom it 

was addressed and failed of its purpose. The reason 

for this can easily be ascribed to the fact that the 

writer failed to gauge the thoughts of his readers, 

having no centralized bureau from which this information 

could be obtained. 

TRAINING FOR EFFECTIVE SELLING 

The individual sales force also had its waste and 

mistakes, due to lack of proper training. The salesman 

was a law unto himself, often better known than 

the house he represented, building what he termed a 

personal following and swinging his trade at will from 

one dealer to anotlier as he traveled from place to 

place. The dealer was dependent almost entirely 

upon him to sell his goods to old customers and to 

create new ones, and very often the new field was 

entirely neglected because it was easier to sell in the 

old. This indirectly caused a decreased production 

and an undeveloped field. Overstocking shelves, misrepresenting 

goods, creating a spirit of pessimism (by 

narrating the difficulty of securing goods), are some 

of the evils and wasteful methods of this system. 

BY 1). F. DURKIN, JR., PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL 

ASSOCIATION OF MASTER PLUMBERS, INC. 

In the past a certain amount of waste was regarded 

as an unavoidable item of overhead. Now the tremendous 

increase in prices of even the cheapest articles 

makes it necessary for dealers to find a better 

and more economical method of marketing their goods 

and increasing the production to a point where it will 

bear a closer ratio to this increased overhead. We 

believe we have found the remedy for these evils in 

the Bureau's Individual Advertisement feature which 

will curtail or eliminate them by centralized advertising 

properly prepared. 

Individual salesmanship will be eliminated by a 

salesmanship properly trained from a central point 

and augmented by a large force of contractors receiving 

an education that changes them from disgruntled 

critics of an ancient business program to ardent supporters 

and, of necessity, trained salesmen in the industry 

represented. Of course, all will not measure 

up to the opportunities offered, but there will be a 

sufficient number to warrant the effort. 

BUSINESS TRAINING FOR TRADESMEN 

The lack of business training and the opportunity 

of securing it—tlie contractor drifting from the ranks 

of the mechanic into that of business man, qualified to 

install the job, but not to secure it, manage it or ascertain 

its cost. And then followed, as will often follow, 

the lack of real knowledge—the disposition to 

trick, skimp the job, substitute the imitation for the 

real article and gradually drift into a position where 

all efforts are directed towards low prices at the expense 

of character, personality and service. 

The Trade Extension Bureau will offer to this 

group the opportunity of learning the most approved 

methods of salesmanship and how to secure the job, 

office management, including record keeping, organization, 

and directions for ascertaining the cost; including 

estimating, cost finding, etc. These modern methods 

must supplant tbe wasteful efforts of the contractors 

during the past if they are ambitious of conducting a 

successful business, and the majority, realizing the 

opportunity, will take advantage of it. 

TRADE PRESS IMPORTANT PART OF BUREAU 

There is another group associated with the Bureau 

that has its own interests with its own returns, that 

can and does give service beneficial to the others. We 

refer to the trade press, comprising the men engaged 

in the publication of information applicable to the 

industry. They are vitally interested in trade advancement 

as their publications are dependent upon the 

success of the dealers and contractors by whom thev 

are supported and whose interests they serve. They. 

therefore, are. an important part of the Trade Extension 

Bureau.


If our thoughts are correct regarding the inefficient 

methods of the groups more directly interested in this 

centralized effort at business building, in order to 

secure their support to the movement it should be 

necessary only to convince them that we have adopted 

the correct plans with the necessary organization for 

carrying them out. We shall, therefore, conclude this 

article with a short account of the Bureau, its management 

and its methods. 

THE HOME OF THE BUREAU AND ITS MANAGER 

Evansville, Ind., is the home of the Bureau. It 

might be located in any part of the country as its 

program applies to no particular section. Its management 

is vested in a board of directors consisting 

of dealers and contractors, who make its laws and 

look after its finances. Its offices and the carrying out 

of its plans are in charge of William J. Woolley, a 

master plumber and qualified expert in business build 

ing for the plumbing and heating industry. He has 

the assistance of men versed in salesmanship, office 

management, estimating, etc., and the required clerical 

force, office files, etc. 

This organization, collecting useful data, planning 

new ideas, creating new business and sending the results 

of their work to its members, promises a reconstruction 

in our business methods with assured results 

to all. It would be the part of wisdom, tlierefore, that 

we try this new venture and give it our support. 

One of the groups, the Master Plumbers' Association 

of the United States, has, at its convention in 

Pittsburgh, reasserted its approval of the Bureau, repledged 

its support and appropriated one dollar per 

member from its funds as a contribution, so that each 

of its members may receive the Bureau's Monthly 

Service Bulletin. This action is worthy of imitation. 

Give us a united support and we will build bigger 

business for vou. 

Trade with Your Local Merchant It Pays 

BY HAMP WILLIAMS 

Every one in the hardware trade knows Hamp Williams of Hot Springs, 

Ark., says the editor of Hardware Age, who gives the following explanation of the 

article reprinted. They know him as a keen, efficient and successful hardware 

merchant and as a faithful and enthusiastic association worker. However, few 

realize that Hamp is also a capable writer on business subjects, a qualified contributor 

to magazines of national prominence. 

Some months ago the Delineator offered a prize of $500 for the best essay 

on the subject, "Why It Pays to Trade with Local Merchants." 

Mr. Williams wrote to the editor, giving his views on the subject, but disclaiming 

any desire to enter the contest. The editor replied promptly declaring Hamp's 

article to be one of the best submitted, and asking permission to publish it in 

pamphlet form and spread it broadcast over the country. 

Mr. Williams waived all rights in the contest, which did not close until July 

31, in order that it might be printed and distributed at once. 

In view of the fact that Hamp Williams is a recognized leader in the hardware 

field, and that his essay covers a subject of interest to the trade in general, 

we reproduce it as follows. 

T H E R E is a principle involved in every transaction, 

and that principle should be observed. Tliere 

is a right and wrong position to take. If it is 

right for the consumers to send their money to the 

catalog houses for their merchandise, they should do 

so, but if it is wrong, they should not do it. 

I will take for an example one of our hardware 

merchants in Hot Springs to prove that people should 

buy from their home merchants instead of sending 

tlieir money away. In the twenty-four years he has 

been in business, he has introduced and sold a great 

many movers and rakes on one, two and tliree years' 

time, which encouraged the farmers to increase their 

meadows and make the cost of the mower in hay before 

they had to pay for it. 

He has sold more than a thousand two-horse wagons 

at $10 down and $10 per month to men who had 

teams and no wagons and not enough money to pay 

all down for a new one. They were enabled to make 

the wagon pay for itself as the payments came due. 

When the Government farm demonstrator was tryino- 

to introduce hog cholera serum into this country 

to prevent hog cholera, it was a difficult matter to get 

the farmers to send away for it, and this man kept it 

in stock and furnished it to the farmers exactly at 

cost in order to get them to use it and save their 

hogs, which they did. 

He was the first man to introduce commercial fertilizer 

into this section, and was also the first to introduce 

two-horse cultivators and was told at the time 

liv some that he was doing the country a great injury 

bv selling the people fertilizers and cultivators. They 

contended that the Georgia stock and double shovels 

were the best tools for cultivation. And now there is 

little demand for Georgia stocks and double shovels. 

He introduced and sold the first disk harrows in 

tliis section. 

He manufactured, introduced and sold one of the 

first home canners for canning both fruits and 

vegetables. 

He has introduced many improved farm implements 

that have helped farmers to make more money, and 

many household and kitchen furnishings, gas. wood 

and coal ranges, wliich have proved a blessing to bun-


dreds of overworked women on our farms. 

He has made it possible for people to look at all 

these things before purchasing, and when introducing, 

has placed his personal guarantee behind them, agreeing 

to take them back if not entirely satisfactory. 

If these people had waited for the catalog houses 

to have presented and sold these improved articles 

to them on credit, giving them an opportunity to try 

them before paying, they would still be breaking their 

land with a No. 8 Avery plow and cultivating with 

a double shovel and Georgia stock. They would be 

cutting their crab grass and wild grass with scythes, 

and their grain with the old-style scythe and cradle. 

A personal guarantee from a local merchant means 

a great deal more to the consumer than a guarantee 

from some catalog house. 

This man that I refer to has erected one of the 

largest and best store buildings in the city and is a 

director in one of the banks, which has erected a sixstory 

bank building. He is president of the school 

board, which has had put up one of the best high 

school buildings in the South, and several modern 

ward scliool buildings. 

He is a good roads advocate and is a builder. He 

is now erecting one of the largest garage buildings 

in that section of the country. In addition to giving 

employment in his hardware business to the heads of 

twenty-five or more families who are prospering, he 

is making room for still more. The profits on the 

merchandise he sells go to paying salaries, to charity, 

to the erection of new buildings, to the improving of 

streets, roads and schools. His state and county 

taxes amount to more than $3,000, besides his income 

tax, and it is estimated that he pays salaries, taxes 

and rents amounting to $55,000 per annum. 

Suppose our people had sent all the money that 

has passed through his hands to catalog houses, what 

would we have to show for it? And this is just one of 

many men who have made a success of merchandising 

in Hot Springs. The greater portion of their success 

lias gone into upbuilding of our city and country. 

HE HELPS BUILD UP THE COMMUNITY 

This man has been directly connected with and 

largely responsible for the erection of school, bank, 

store and residence buildings at an aggregate cost 

of nearly a million dollars. He has given back to the 

city and country a service of far more value than he 

has taken from it, and I -want to ask this question: 

Has it paid this community to do business with this 

man, or would this country have been better off had 

all this money been sent to the catalog houses? Can 

you think of a merchant in your town who has not 

given back to the community as much or more than 

he has taken from it? If you have such merchants, 

they are not the kind I am referring to. 

How would you like to have all the merchants in 

your town go out of business, thereby forcing you to 

buy all your farm implements, wagons, hardware, 

stoves, ranges, dry goods, clothing, shoes, groceries, 

etc., from the catalog houses? Is it not a fact that 

a great many of our people use the local merchants 

for convenience and buy staple articles from them 

and send away for the profit-bearing goods because 

they think they are saving a few pennies? 

The truth of the whole matter is, the people do not 

think ahead. They are trying to save a few cents 

to-day at a cost to themselves, their families and to 

the communities of many thousand dollars in the 

future. 

This man that I refer to has begged the farmers 

to buy improved farm implements and to improve 

their hogs, cattle and poultry, paint their houses and 

keep their wagons and implements under shelter, to 

raise their own feed and food, raise more sheep and 

goats and less dogs, and is now helping to establish 

a marketing place and cotton yard, so the farmers 

may have a place to store their cotton and obtain 

the highest market prices for their products. Do you 

know of any catalog houses trying to help anybody 

except themselves ? 

WHY DO THEY DO IT? 

What I want is for some one to tell me why they 

send their money to catalog houses for anything they 

can buy at home. A person who patronizes catalog 

houses is willing to trust strangers with his money 

and trust the strangers' word, and wait patiently for 

the goods to be shipped. One of these fellows would 

not think of paying a local merchant in advance for 

anything, neither would he take the local merchant's 

word, but to the contrary, he must see the article and 

have the local merchant's personal guarantee before 

he will buy it, and then, to cap it all, will often ask 

the merchant to charge it for thirty or sixty days. 

Some difference! 

When crop failures come, and you are out of work, 

who do you go to for help ? Catalog houses ? Who 

buys your pork, beef, corn and cotton ? Catalog 

houses? Who helps to build church and schoolhouses? 

Who helps pay the taxes and who helps you or your 

neighbor when in distress ? Catalog houses ? They 

would laugh you to scorn if you should ask them for 

assistance. 

Your local merchant, as a rule, has a family of 

boys and girls, and his employees also have boys and 

girls, and these boys and girls marry in your community. 

Have you ever seen any catalog house boys 

and girls ? Your boys and girls would remain single 

until they were as old as Methuselah if they had to 

wait for catalog houses to send them a companion. 

In fact, wouldn't this country be in one hell of a 

fix if we had to look altogether to catalog houses 

for all our needs ? Then why not look entirely to 

our home merchants to supply our multitude of wants ? 

New Pipe Company to Begin Operations 

Arrangements for financing having been completed, 

the Ohio Steel Products Co., Youngstown, Ohio, will 

commence operations about Sept. 1 at its plant in 

Mineral Ridge, Trumbull County, Ohio. The Huron 

Steel Co., which is building a plant at Huron, Ohio, 

has acquired an extensive interest in the Ohio Steel 

Products Co., which may ultimately mean merging of 

the two concerns. The Mineral Ridge plant will produce 

enameled and galvanized conduit pipe and steel 

tubing for the automobile trade, manufactured from 

strip steel. The plant will have a yearly production 

capacity of 20,000 tons. Capital of the Ohio Steel 

Products Co. is $500,000.


Heating Guidance for Residence Worl. 

Simple Calculations That May Be Used on Small Work 

With Certainty of Pleasing Customers by Results 

BY INSTRUCTOR 

IN SEVEN PARTS—PART III, ONE-PIPE RELIEF AND CIRCUIT SYSTEMS 

T H E one-pipe relief system is especially adapted out the return mains and branches must be equalized 

to dwelling houses and similar buildings on ac so that the water may flow back by gravity. 

count of its simplicity. As the radiator has only The single-pipe system is equally well adapted to 

one connection for both supply and return the num both sealed and dry returns, the general method of 

ber of risers passing through the lower rooms is re making the connections in each case shown in Fig. 1. 

duced by one half, which in itself is a matter of con A typical method of taking off a riser and dripping 

siderable importance. Also, as there is only one into sealed return is illustrated in Fig. 2. This ar 

valve to operate there is no danger of flooding the rangement drips the main at each take-off to a riser 

Red 

'7AA/77777. /.: A 

and also furnishes sufficient flexibility for the expansion 

of the riser downward. A similar plan for a 

—7^-T//777/77/7//77/777/777/7777/7777/7////////////////7A////////7/7AA7. A 

W l 

dry return employing a siphon drip i.s shown in Fig. 3. 

An arrangement of this system especially adapted 

to buildings of three stories and over is illustrated 

in Fig. 4, in which case a single large riser is carried 

to the attic, where it branches and connects with the 

various drops supplying the radiators on the floors 

below. By using this method the flow of steam and 

condensation is in the same direction and smaller 

pipes may be used than when the upward feed is employed 

where they flow in opposite directions. 

This system of piping is especially adapted to 

buildings where the first floor is occupied by stores or 

-A SINGLE PIPE SYSTEM WITH WET AND DRY 

RETURN CONNECTIONS 

banking rooms, with apartments or offices above. This 

is so because both the size and number of pipes passing 

through the lower rooms is reduced. 

floors and ceilings through carelessness in failing to 

The main supply riser may usually be carried up 

close the return valve when steam is shut off. 

in a concealed location while the drips from the sup 

The general arrangement of the basement piping 

ply drops may be reduced to %-in. for a supply pipe 

is practically the same as for the two-pipe system 

except that condensation is taken from the base of 

each supply riser instead of separate returns being 

brought down from the radiators. 

A typical layout for a system of this kind is shown 

in diagram in Fig. 1. The highest point in the main 

should be directly over the boiler and the various 

branches should pitch downward with an even grade 

in the direction of flow. 

The risers are taken off as indicated, and the bottoms 

dripped into the return main below. Each riser 

supplying two or more radiators should, in general, 

have a separate drip into the return. Single radiators 

of small size may drip back into the supply main, 

but if they are of large size, it is better to drip each 

riser separately. 

It will be noticed that the drip connections at the 

right for the dry return are the reverse of those for FIG. 2 RISER WITH SEALED FIG. 3 DRY RETURN 

the two-pipe system shown in the previous article. 

That is, the risers are drained through siphons while 

RETURN CONNECTION SEALED WITH SIPHON DRIP 

the end of the main connects directly with the return. 

2y2 In this case the lowest pressure is at the ends of 

in. in diameter, as being in a vertical position 

the mains, so that steam introduced into the returns 

with considerable head they will carry away a large 

at these points will cause no trouble in the pipes con 

quantity of water. Furthermore, a number of drips 

necting between them and the boiler. If no steam is 

may be brought together and carried down through 

allowed to enter the returns, a vacuum will be formed, 

the first floor, as shown at the left in Fig. -1, thus 

and there will be no pressure to force the water back reducing the number. 

to the boiler. In other words, the pressure through As compared with the two-pipe system, there is but

::: METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 27, 1920 

little difference in cost, as larger pipes and valves 

make up for the smaller number of risers. 

The sizes of horizontal supply and return mains 

may be the same as already given for the two-pipe 

system. When supplied on the upward feed from the 

bottom, a.s in Fig. 1. the vertical risers must be made 

larger in order to reduce the velocity of the steam, 

otherwise it will pick up the descending water in the 

form of a spray and carry it back into the radiators. 

The following table gives average sizes for vertical 

risers working under the conditions noted above: 

Square feet of 

radiation 

30 

60 

80 

140 

200 

Size of riser 

1-inch 

1%-inch 

li/2-inch 

2-inch 

2i/,-inch 

It will be noticed that the sizes in this table are 

considerably larger than given in previous tables for 

horizontal mains and branches supplying similar 

quantities of radiation. When laying out a system of 

piping of this kind it is customary to make the short 

branches between the main and risers the same size as 

the latter, as it reduces the velocity of the steam near 

the base of the riser, thus preventing the condensation 

from being carried up with the steam. 

___ 

., Steam Supplv 

— M M ' il' . 

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,., ',« "STUB. 

• 

0; 

i 

V77777, 'AAAAAAW. 7tf77//////>>// '-MA/;/////});}. VA7777ZA7. 

\ "• 

f?eturn at cer//r?y 

fio r/ser^ f/irough this room. 

,>J ~T' 

^7777, zhA7AAAAA '-z^///7/A7//%/7Av/7///»/\ 

riW Steam ând ^Return .. 

Drip 

..Refotrn 

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Soiler 

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than the pipes which are dripped at frequent intervals 

or which carry only the condensation that forms in the 

pipe itself. 

Sizes of mains which have been found to give satisfaction 

in practice for this kind of work are given 

below: 

Square feet of Size of circuit 

radiation main 

200 2-inch 

350 2^-inch 

600 3-inch 

900 3i/,-inch 

1,200 4-inch 

2,000 5-inch 

3,000 6-inch 

A modification of this system, adapting it to larger 

buildings is shown in Fig. 6. The supply riser shown 

in the diagram may be one of a number supplying 

only a section instead of a whole building. The "circuit 

main" in this case may be simply a straight run 

of pipe dripped at the far end, or it may extend 

around two or more sides of a building. A single 

riser in the arrangement shown supplies a number of 

circuits which are located at the ceiling of each story 

instead of in the basement, as shown in Fig. 5. 

RADIATOR CONNECTIONS 

Typical radiator connections for both one-pipe and 

two-pipe systems are shown in Fig. 7, 8 and 9. The 

first of these represents a first floor radiator supplied 

directly from a basement main and draining back into 

it. In cases of this kind great care should be taken 

to give the "horizontal" portion of the pipe a good 

upward pitch toward the radiator, else water will be 

apt to collect at the point "A," causing snapping and 

singing. The entire connection between the main and 

radiator should be given the full size called for by 

the table of single-pipe up-feed risers. 

A typical connection is shown in Fig. 8 between a 

riser and single-pipe radiator in fairly tall buildings 

where tliere is more or less movement to the risers 

due to expansion. This makes a flexible connection 

without the use of special loops or joints. The same 

general method may be employed for all ordinary 

Q=_5M3 

j STEAM 

Fig. 10. 

a coil. 

JAIRV 

work, although for first and second floor rooms in 

dwelling houses the lengtli of horizontal run between 

the riser and radiator need not be so great as sliown 

in the cut, as the expansion of the riser will be slight 

and so much flexibility is not required, especially on 

the first floor. 

c 

Connections between risers and radiator for a twopipe 

system are shown in Fig. 9. It is usually desirable 

to keep the supply and return risers close together 

on account of the appearance and this shows 

the way of doing it. 

Run-outs between riser and radiator are generally 

made in the floor in case of frame buildings, carrying 

the pipes between the joists. With fireproof "construction 

the run-outs are necessarily either above or 

below the floor. When the pipes are concealed they 

should be run clear of the woodwork, or else it should 

be protected with heavy asbestos paper or light board. 

Wood lying against a steam pipe will, in time, become 

charred and may take fire. 

Angle valves should always be used at the radiators 

when possible, in the way shown in Fig. 7 to 9. 

FIG. 7—A FIRST 

FLOOR CONNEC 

TION 

DIAGRAM OF COIL CONNECTIONS AND DESIGN OF SLEEVE 

FIG. 8 A TYPI 

CAL ONE-PIPE 

CONNECTION 

FIG. 9 CONNEC 

TIONS FOR TWO- 

PIPE SYSTEM 

This allows a sudden drop as soon as the condensation 

passes through the valve and assists in the drainage. 

Diagrams for coil connections are shown in Fig. 10 

and 11. 

Piping for patented systems of heating should always 

be laid out tor the contractor by the manufacturers 

or representatives supplying the particularsystem 

to be used. The various devices employed require 

special treatment and all responsibility should 

be placed on the makers. This applies to the various 

vapor and vacuum systems which have been placed on 

the market in recent years and which seem to be giving 

good satisfaction as they become more highly 

perfected. 

Where pipes pass through floors or partitons, the 

woodwork should be protected with galvanized iron 

A bypass connection to Fig-. 11. A typical coil connec Fit;, li'. Sleeve for riser to protion.tect 

timbers. 

sleeves having a diameter at least % in. larger than 

the pipe. The plates, which form the finish around 

the opening should be fastened to the floor or ceiling, 

and not to the pipe, as the constant expansion and 

contraction of the latter will throw them out of place. 



Plumbing Secretaries' National 

Conference 

An Organization of Secretaries of State and Local Associations 

Identified with the National Association of Master Plumbers 

BY H. F. BAILLET 

W H A T does this 

mean ; why a secretaries' 

association? 

It is a clearing house for 

the secretaries connected 

with the National Association 

of Master Plumbers. 

An annual "get together 

and let's talk it 

over" for the many-sided 

activities of live secretaries 

of master plumbers' 

associations. For many years past it was quite the 

usual thing at national conventions to find two, three 

or more secretaries from different parts of the country 

hob-nobbing and exchanging views and experiences of 

different phases of their secretarial work. All this, 

however, was desultory and while of much value to the 

secretary who had become a confirmed convention goer, 

much of its potential value was lost because of the limited 

circle who were known to each other and because 

of the loss of personal touch between conventions. 

The desire for closer and more continuous co-operation 

between secretaries has been expressed many 

times from different well-known men who had served 

their local and state associations in a secretarial capacity 

and who could realize the many false starts 

and economic waste of lost or unnecessary duplication 

of efforts due to not having the benefit of the 

experience of the other fellow who has traveled along 

the same road and has met the same pitfalls and 

stumbling blocks. However, such isolated efforts 

seemingly failed to impress the national officers of the 

past, probably because they failed of proper presentation 

as well as due to the fact that the national office 

was busy with many important matters and did 

not therefore visualize the value of co-operative effort 

among secretaries. 

In advance of the national convention held at Atlantic 

City in 1919, National Secretary A. A. Zertanna 

advised a meeting of all local and state secretaries 

present. Such meetings were held, two in number, and 

the participants expressed themselves as having profited 

thereby. To such an extent this was true that at 

the national convention held in Pittsburgh in 1920 

greater interest was showu in the movement. Four 

meetings were held in the interim of national convention 

sessions. 

Aside from the valuable discussions and information 

disclosed this gathering of secretaries started 

something. They made a constructive effort along 

the lines of a permanent organization with a means 

of communication during the year, so as to keep in 

touch with what may develop of interest in the mean 

time, under the title of 

"Plumbing Secretaries' 

National Conference." It 

was decided to meet at the 

time and place of the next 

national convention of 

master plumbers one day 

prior to the calling of the 

convention, which will be 

in New Orleans in 1921. 

The membership fee in 

this conference is $5 for 

this year (to provide money for necessary printing 

and postage). Local associations of master plumbers 

are asked to support their secretary to this extent and 

wherever practical are asked to send their secretary 

to the national convention so that he may be able to 

attend the sessions of the conference. 

It is an attempt of earnest workers to increase their 

efficiency and the value of their services to the local, 

state and national associations by and through cooperative 

measures. As such, we submit the conference 

is worthy of the support of the local associations 

and of the individual members. 

The better secretaries we are, the better we can 

serve the interests of the associations—local, state 

and national. 

The commendable purpose of this new body 

entitles it to the support it seeks. It is destined 

to prove one of the most useful of the allies of 

the association from wliich it originates. Its 

officers are: President. H. F. Baillet, 48 Chapman 

Place, Irvington, N. J.; vice-president, W. 

W. Hughes, 1514 East Franklin Avenue, Minneapolis, 

Minn.; secretary, E. F. Bohm, 608 The 

Arcade, Cleveland, Ohio. 

Emergency Repairs to Wrought 

Iron Water Pipe 

AVERY simple method of replacing a section of 

wrought iron water pipe when the water cannot 

be turned off the line is shown by the accompanying 

illustration. 

The only thing needed, in addition to the regular 

tools necessary to make the repair, is a wooden plug. 

The plug should be the same diameter at the large 

end as the outside diameter of the pipe; small end 

of the plug of such size as will freely enter the inside 

of pipe, and plug can be made of any soft wood. 

The operation consists of cutting the pipe off at the 

desired point on the pressure side of repairs with a 

hack saw, placing a bag or a piece of burlap over the 

back of the hack saw to protect the workman from a 

splash. 

When the pipe is cut, one end can be sprung aside 

and the plug driven in the pressure end of the pipe, 

thus stopping the flow. By again using the bag or 

burlap in driving the plug all spray will be kept 

from the workman. The plug being the same size as

AUCUST 27, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 281 

the outside diameter of the pipe the die can be opened 

wide enough to slip over the plug and then it 

ra 

Die 

~î 

Wrought Iron 

•Pipe j^_ 

= . 

Wooden 

Plug, 

METHOD OF REPLACING WATER PIPE SECTION 

may be very easily adjusted to thread the pipe. 

After the thread has been cut and the die removed, 

a stop cock or valve can be screwed in place to control 

the water and the other repairs made dry. 

If no stop cock or valve is available then the otlier 

repairs can be made before removing the plug, and a 

wet connection made when the plug is removed, requiring 

but a short time. 

There will be some loss of water, depending on the 

time taken in making the first cut, driving the plug 

and later screwing on the control valve. However, in 

places where a small quantity of water will cause no 

damage, repairs can be made in this way on pipe up 

to 2 in. in diameter and against the pressure up to 

100 lb. or more. 

It is adaptable and can be used to advantage in 

many eases where freezing materials are not at hand 

and would require some time to obtain or where it 

would require considerable time and expense to control 

the flow of water by other means. 

THE AMERICAN PROTECTIVE TARIFF LEAGUE has 

iust issued its campaign button which reads as follows: 

"Harding and Coolidge, SMILE, 1920," and 

on the back of the button are the words "Protection 

Prosperity." The "SMILE" is in red ink across the 

button and as large as space will allow. Two buttons 

sent to any address by letter mail for 6 cents, address 

W. F. Wakeman, Secretary, 339 Broadway, New 

York, who also has some literature in the press that 

can be procured from him. 

Letters of a Plumber to His Helper 

Some Causes of the Bursting of Water Fronts and Short 

Service of Range Boilers and Connections — Hammering 

and Rumbling Sounds Due to Choked Connections and 

Interference With Circulation 

BY WILLIAM HUTTON 

DEAR Boss: 

It is some time since I have had to write you, but 

that is not because I think I know enough now to get 

along without help. In fact, it seems as if every day 

brought a new problem and in a good many cases I 

have had to dope out some way to get over the difficulty 

even if it did not turn out to be the best way, 

for we have been kept very busy and I could not 

wait to write you. 

What I want to know now, however, is something 

which will help me to determine what is the seat of 

the trouble and then I may be able to work out the. 

remedy to suit each case as it comes up. 

Lately there has been a large number of calls for 

new water-fronts in kitchen ranges and it seems to me 

that there must be a reason for so many giving out in 

about the same time, as all of the ranges are comparatively 

new. There seems to be a good deal of rust in 

the pipes as the nipples close to the water-front were 

almost full. Why should this take place? 

HARRY. 

DEAR HARRY: 

I thought that you would have noticed long ago 

that pipes conveying hot water fill up or rust out long 

before pipes carrying cold water. But even if you 

did notice this, you may have been unable to tell the 

reason. In fact, it is not so very long ago that the 

importance of this matter was fully realized and efforts 

made to determine the cause of iron and steel 

pipe failing in so short a time after it had been put 

into use. 

Filling up of the pipes may be due to causes other 

than corrosion. In all waters brought from lakes oi 

open reservoirs there is more or less sediment in a 

state of suspension. When such water is heated to 

the boiling point, the sediment is precipitated. This 

is true of water impregnated with lime and other 

kinds of salts. 

If the water in vour locality is hard it is likely that 

you will find in the water-fronts and pipes connecting 

them a hard substance coating the walls or completely 

filling the pipes and water-fronts. This is the lime 

which has been deposited as the result of raising the 

temperature of the water to the point where it would 

be precipitated as a solid. 

I have been in towns where this occurrence is so


frequent that people keep a reserve water-front on 

hand and, when the one in use becomes choked, it is 

removed and the other put into service. When the 

choked one is taken out, it is dried and pounded until 

the hard coating is broken up and removed in small 

chunks. Sometimes acid is used to help cut the lime, 

but in any case it is rather a hard job to get the fronts 

properly cleaned. 

It is seldom that such precipitation has any corrosive 

action on the pipes and, when the sediment is 

removed, they are good for further service. 

When you do find the pipes corroded and particles 

of rust built up in ells and other sharp-turn fittings 

look for the first cause as overheating of the water. 

It seems to be well established that this is the cause of 

severe corrosion of iron and steel pipes. Don't you 

remember the hotel where we did so much work and 

in which there was a storage tank heated by steam 

which gave trouble on several occasions ? Perhaps 

you remember that we put on an automatic temperature 

regulator so that the overheating which was causing 

the plates of the tank to give out and the pipes 

to corrode so frequently might be checked. 

Well, here is an interesting sequel. The hotel 

owner decided to put in a few bathrooms and an outof-town 

firm got the contract. The contractor, seeing 

that the storage tank was pretty well gone, talked the 

owner into buying a new one, which was perfectly 

right and proper. But in making the changes to the 

steam supply pipes the contractor did away with the 

temperature regulator. The result is that the new 

tank, which has been in use only some three years, 

is leaking already. 

CAUSE OF CORROSION 

It has been stated that the temperatures at which 

corrosion is most likelv to take place are between 140 

and 180 deg. Fahr. This has been explained as being 

due to excess of oxygen. Pure water at normal pressure 

will dissolve 14.7 parts per million of oxygen 

at 72 deg. Fahr., and 7.60 parts per million at 86 

deg. Fahr. At 210 deg. oxygen is practically insoluble, 

so you see that as the water is lieated the solubility 

at normal pressures becomes less and in the case of a 

domestic hot water supply system the oxygen must 

remain in solution owing to the fact that the water is 

heated under pressure and in a closed vessel. 

Thus the water may be said to be super-saturated 

with oxygen and its rapid passage over the walls of 

the pipes and the plates of boilers or storage tanks 

seems to have an increased destructive effect. 

The results of scientific investigation of this matter 

are now being put to commercial use for tliere is a 

concern now operating a system for the removal of 

excess oxygen from large water heating plants and 

its efforts seem to be meeting with success. 

In the case of small systems, such as ordinary 

house supply jobs it is not practical to adopt any 

method for the removal of oxygen, and all that can be 

done is to use larger storage tanks or smaller waterfronts 

so that the water may have less chance to become 

overheated, or to use copper boilers and brass 

coils and connections. Where tank heaters are used, 

it is easy to apply a thermostatic control operating 

the dampers so that the water will not be heated to a 

point higher than that desired. 

Where the water is hard as the result of impreg 

nation with lime, tliere is a small appliance which 

may be fitted on the return connection between the 

range boiler and the water-front. This appliance has a 

chamber through which the water must pass and the 

maker provides a chemical substance which is placed 

in the chamber and which acts to neutralize the action 

of the heat upon the lime in the water. 

Then you can place a sediment chamber at the 

bottom of the boiler and so connect your return pipe 

that the greater part of the sediment or precipitate 

will be deposited in the chamber for removal at stated 

periods. 

If you want to try cleaning any of the water fronts 

you find choked, take a little muriatic acid and make 

up a solution of one part of acid to five parts of 

water. Plug one of the tapping? in the front and 

pour in the solution and boil it gently by placing the 

front on top of a bunsen burner or a firepot turned 

down to a low flame. This generally loosens up the 

sediment if it is lime. Another way is to soak the 

front in a solution of common washing soda and 

water for a long time. 

That will tell you how the fronts become choked. 

Why they burst is because they are choked and the 

thick sediment on the walls of the water-front allows 

the iron to become overheated as tliere is no water in 

contact with them to carry the heat away. Thus the 

wall is weakened and pressure does not rest. You 

always can tell when the connections or water-front 

are becoming choked by the sounds which the boiler 

makes when a hot fire is carried. There will be sharp 

snapping sounds when no water is being drawn. These 

result from the bursting of steam bubbles formed in 

the very hot water-front as they pass into the cooler 

water in the boiler. Then when a faucet is opened, 

if the whole boiler is full of overheated water, there 

will be a loud rumbling sound which is the result of 

the contents flashing into steam as the pressure is relieved 

and the boiling point is lowered. 

You can tell the difference after a little study as 

this will happen with a perfectly clean water-front 

and boiler if the water is overheated but there will be 

no sound while the faucets are closed. 

I recommend you to study this carefully as you will 

find many cases wherever you go and nothing irritates 

a housekeeper more than a poor supply of hot water 

or scares her more than the pounding and hammering 

of a partly choked or overheated boiler and pipe 

connections. 

LEN A. HAND. 

Heating Guidance for Residence Work 


In the design shown in Fig. 12, the plates are attached 

to the sleeve. 

When pipes are carried through walls of brick or 

concrete, a sleeve made by cutting a piece of wrought 

iron pipe to a suitable length should be used. If 

the expansion movement is lengthwise of the pipe, the 

sleeve need only be large enough to permit the pipe 

to slide easily through it. If a sidewise movement 

must be provided for, the leeway should, of course, be 

greater. 

(To Be Continued)

AITCUST 27, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 283 

This is the .lace to submit your Perplexing 

problems —the Place to 


SEK 

Connecting Heater with Range Boiler 

in Bathroom 

From F. E. F)., New Hampshire—Replying to inquiry 

of "A. V. B." in is'sue of METAL WORKER, 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER I would suggest the following 

for his information: 

(A) Connect the tank heater directly in circulation 

pipes from heater coil where they emerge from 

heater or as close to that point as a grade back to 

the tank will allow. 

(B) Connect flow pipe from heater coil into top of 

boiler and plug the side outlet of boiler. 

zc±_r F L.O c_ ts. 

F u o o iz 




I_U3KA11S 

preferably so that the discharge from the valve can 

be drained into the laundry trays. 

Can Volume of Air Be Decreased? 

From L. V. 7.., Texas—Answering the inquiry of 

"G. M. G.," St. Johns, N. B., relative to change in 

dust and shaving systems, would suggest the following 

for his information: No definite answer can be 

made as to the size of hopper unless size, speed and 

make of fan are known; also sizes and approximate 

number of openings in suctions duct, as these are the 

determining features controlling the amount of air 

delivered to separating hopper. 

One or two simple changes may eliminate the difficulty, 

and are submitted: (A) The method of connecting 

duct to the fire box is not shown. It may be 

possible that by making an easy turn or increasing 

the grade of the duct at this point a smaller volume 

of air will be needed to move the accumulation. 

(B) Reducing the size of outlet to boiler just above 

connection to hopper will tend to relieve pressure in 

discharge duct. 

(C) Shortening the pipe marked (A) will also increase 

volume of air forced into discharge duct. 

(D) In most cases it has proven better practice 

to discharge waste into a vault and convey from there 

to fire box or boiler bv hand or mechanical stoker. 

Wants Special Boiler Covering 

HJot Afjr 

From A. R., Vermont—Last year I installed a heating 

svstem in a very fine residence and after setting 

the job up and testing it out. covered the boilers and 

Notre;- Kange used for 

heating water in -Summer 

piping and spent considerable time in doing this work. 

I had the men take particular pains in troweling up 

the asbestos on the boiler and fittings and we used 

METHOD OF CONNECTING HEATER WITH RANGE BOILER a flour paste in pasting on the sectional covering. 

IN BATHROOM 

When we had finished it looked very nice. 

I have been called back to this job by the owner 

(C) Continue hot water supply to laundry tubs over 

on account of the outer surface of the asbestos cov 

to and connect with the return circulation pipe of 

ering on boiler and fittings deteriorating. On going 

heater coil. A tee inserted immediately on boiler side 

over this I found that there is more or less dampness 

of tank heater return connections will provide a suit 

in the cellar where the boiler is located and I presume 

able point for this connection. 

that this covering is losing its life through the action 

(D) A light swinging check valve should be in 

of the dampness. Also we found that the mice had 

serted in connection from tubs to heater coil, set so 

that water can pass to heater only. 

been in the cellar and that they had attacked the 

(E) Inasmuch as there is a check valve on cold 

cloth on the sectional pipe covering and were evi 

water supply to range boiler, it is imperative that a 

dently eating through this in order to get to the paste. 

relief valve be installed in connection with this sys 

Would you advise me through your columns as to 

tem. This can be placed at any convenient point, 


284 METAL WORKER, PLUMBERAND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 27. 1920 


Removal Notice 

A F T E R the appearance of this issue, all commu 

nications intended for this journal should be ad 

dressed to it at its new offices, 156 Fifth Avenue, 

New York City. The temporary telephone number 

is Chelsea 9783. Further particulars regarding the 

new location, facilities and the like will be given in the 

issue of Sept. 3. 

Farmers May Not Look It—But— 

T H E Y buy two-fifths of all automobiles sold. They 

have prospered these past months or years and 

will be less affected by business conditions than 

any other class. Those undisputable facts mean 

that in farming districts plumber, heating and sheet 

metal men have a field for their goods and work that 

has been hardly scratched. Less than one-quarter 

of the farm houses are equipped with bathrooms. One- 

third have running water in the house,. In 48 per 

cent water is obtainable, through some arrangement, 

in the kitchen. About one-third have heating equip 

ment otlier than stoves. 

New prospects for plumbing, heating and labor- 

saving appliances are being opened up by the hun 

dreds as the knowledge of these spreads. Local news 

paper advertising will help bring in the business. 

However, the profits which can be realized through a 

personal campaign of soliciting this business are so 

great that they warrant setting up and pushing such 

a venture. 

Pointers For Profit 

BRING to the attention of the man for whom you 

work something that he could use to advantage 

and later you will find an opportunity to make 

the sale. If this idea is kept continually in the 

mind of the tradesman, whatever his line, he will 

soon find business coming his way. In the winter 

season almost everybody could use a thermostatic draft 

regulator or some similar device with advantage. They 

certainly will need humidifiers now that so much at 

tention is being given to the bearing of humidity 

upon the health of the occupants of artificially lieated 

homes. There is just as much opportunity to sell 

some specialty in any other line. Some people think 

the shower-bath season is only the hot weather sea 

son, but this is not so; neither will the gas water 

heater season pass soon because it is needed right 

along, when there is a radiator in the kitchen and 

the cooking is done by gas or electricity. 

There is equal opportunity in the sheet metal trade 

for the sale of various specialties and it is the man 

who does some extra business, in which he sells mer 

chandise and on which there is a good profit, who is 

on the road to a generous prosperity. Just keep in 

mind that the regular business will be helped by sell 

ing some of the special side lines and that the boss 

will make the money if he makes the effort to con 

tinually add some new specialty to those which he 

has heretofore run. Don't let some other fellow in 

your town be the man who is selling this specialty. 

You can use that profit and it is easy to get it if you 

will just hustle a little. 

Freight Rates and Deliveries 

T H E R E is encouragement for the rail companies 

to turn all possible energy to meet the require 

ments of the people in all parts of the coun 

try now that an advance in rates has become available 

that will justify the expenditure of the necessary 

energy. Unfortunately, it is late and while some 

anticipation of the rate granted has been made it 

has not been sufficient to provide the equipment which 

would enable the railroad companies to rush in and 

distribute the products of manufacturers in a way 

that would be satisfactory to the people wherever 

they may be located. The advance in freight rates 

without a question of doubt will be reflected in the 

price of goods this fall and further advances in 

prices may be expected as the result. The important 

thing for the man carrying on a business, however, 

is to see to it that he has orders in for goods that he 

will need and that they get on the way at the earliest 

possible moment. 

There seems to be a certainty, with the low rate 

of production, due to inefficiency and scarcity of labor, 

that there will not be the goods that are required to 

meet the average demand of the rush season. In 

consequence there will be some hardship to the people 

and this will bear severely upon the trade upon which 

the consumer depends. In the distributing centers 

already those who collect goods from various manu 

facturers so as to ship what is required to smaller 

dealers in one shipment are distracted with the diffi 

culty they have in getting in goods so they will have 

a well-assorted stock. In the larger cities such stocks 

are almost unknown and it is necessary continually 

to borrow in order to make a complete shipment. 

When buyers are informed of these facts they are 

qualified to anticipate their wants, get their orders 

in early and give the supply houses some leeway in 

getting the goods they will want to them in time to 

meet their needs.

A: OUST 27, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 285 

The Pro and Con of Cancelling Orders 

M Y observation is that for the last two or tliree 

years there has been a perfect saturnalia of order 

cancellation in all lines of business. During 

the first part of that time the demand for stuff 

greatly exceeded the supply, and the cancellation was 

mostly done by the seller, sometimes because he could 

sell his goods in a better market. For the last several 

months the buyer has been doing most of the cancelling, 

because the bottom has dropped out of the 

markets, and the buyer preferred to unload the burden 

on the seller. 

Undoubtedly, it is convenient and economical for 

the party who benefits by it to cancel an order that 

has gone against him, but it certainly does not make 

for good business. It would, in my judgment, be a 

good thing in the long run for everybody if all order 

blanks bore the words, "Not subject to cancellation." 

I am constantly receiving letters on the law of cancelling 

orders. The following comes from an Ohio 

firm: 

We wired the X Co. to cancel our order for bottles 

and return our trade acceptance, as we had thought 

we would be unable to handle the proposition, and 

wanted to drop it. 

In answer to our wire the conipany wrote us that 

the goods had been shipped and it was too late to 

accept our cancellation. 

The date of this letter was April 16, and with embargoes, 

in effect at almost all points at that time, 

we knew the goods had never been shipped, and even 

at this date we have never received nor heard any 

more about the goods being shipped. 

The company has made several attempts to get the 

money for the trade acceptance, but we did not think 

that we should pay them, especially since we have 

never received the bottles. 

Will you kindly give us the dealers' rights in this 

matter and tell us' whether or not the dealer can be 

forced to pay for the acceptances? 

In most lines of trade this custom of allowing free 

cancellation of orders has grown up, but it seldom goes 

so far as to allow cancellation after the order has been 

paid for by giving a promissory note in payment, for 

that is practically what a trade acceptance is. Still in 

some cases it even goes that far, the only real condition 

being that the goods must not have been shipped. 

If they have been shipped the order cannot be cancelled. 

QUESTION IN THIS CASE 

In the case submitted the question is one of fact: 

were the goods shipped prior to cancellation? If yes, 

the order is not subject to cancellation; if no, it is. 

But a trade acceptance having been given, a new question 

is introduced: has the acceptance been indorsed 

over to somebody else? If it has, that somebody else 

can collect it, and this correspondent might then just 

as well take the goods, for he will have to pay for 

them anyway. But if the acceptance still remains in 

the hands of the seller of the goods, and the goods 

have not been shipped, he can legally cancel and demand 

the return of his acceptance. 

Here is another letter from a New Jersey correspondent, 

also on the subject of cancellation: 

•Copyright, by Elton J. Buckley. 

Bv ELTON J. BUCKLEY 

• Bros., wholesale grocers of Xewark, K. J., 

bought from us a load of merchandise, amounting to 

$600, during the month of June, for which they were 

to call in a few days after the date of sale. Terms, 

ten days net. This sale was made through a broker, 

to whom we wrote that the buyer had not called for 

their merchandise, and time for storage would shortly 

expire. Broker wrote back to me stating they had 

communicated with the buyer, who had asked to have 

the sale cancelled because they were unable to handle 

the goods. Since the date of sale the value of this 

merchandise has declined some. Could the buyer be 

held to the sale under the above conditions? 

This case is typical of most of the cancellations by 

buyers: the market declines before shipment of the 

goods and the buver, of course, cancels. In most cases 

the seller has allowed him to, and so it becomes a 

course of dealing and is binding. 

In the New Jersey case there were a number of 

miestions. such as whether it was a valid sale in the 

first place. As a matter of fact, it was not, because 

it did not comply with the New Jersey law that no 

verbal contract for the sale of personal property 

worth over $500 is valid unless the buyer takes part 

of the goads, or pays for part of them or gives some 

earnest or token to bind the bargain. But I am not 

discussing that phase of the case, I use it merely to 

show what an easy and casual thing it has gotten to 

be to buy goods and then, when things go against you, 

to throw the deal up. 

If this had been a valid sale, and the parties had 

never dealt together before or done a lot of mutual 

cancelling, then this order would not have been subject 

to cancellation, and the seller could recover his 

damages. 

A wholesale cotton dealer told me of a recent case 

wliich shows how completely all rule disappears when 

one iias made a deal which goes wrong. His firm sold 

an order to a Pennsylvania buyer at the then market 

price. While the goods were en route, the market 

dropped and after the buyer had them in his possession 

he wrote, "Unless you reduce the price on these 

goods, we won't keep them.'' In this case there was 

not the slightest moral or legal obligation to reduce 

the price, because the goods had been shipped and 

delivered, but a concession was nevertheless made in 

order to please the buyer. 

Money and Markets 

The gradual improvement of transportation which 

has been effected during the recent weeks has permitted 

a somewhat more rapid movement of grain 

than had been anticipated, according to the National 

Bank of Commerce in New York. Consequently the 

holdover from the preceding year has in good measure 

been cared for and the new crop-moving season has 

begun on schedule and under more favorable conditions 

than seemed possible a month ago. 

It is reported from some sections of the Middle 

West that bank loans to finance the actual harvesting


of the new crops are being reduced at an earlier date 

than is usually the case. While the credit requirements 

of the new movement will not reach maximum 

volume for some time to come, and while easier credit 

cannot be expected until the peak of the movement 

has passed, the situation has improved sufficiently to 

make reasonably clear that the autumn agricultural 

demands for credit will not be in excess of the ability 

of the banks to supply. 

ANTICIPATING CREDIT REQUIREMENTS 

There are indications also that many commercial 

borrowers, in response to expectations of a credit 

stringency during the fall which have prevailed for 

many months, have at least to some extent anticipated 

their autumn requirements for credit. This factor, 

coupled with the continued tendency toward reduced 

volume of business and lower prices for many commodities, 

may be expected to relieve the pressure of commercial 

and industrial credit requirements. It must 

be recognized, however, that some little time will be 

necessary for this relief to make itself manifest, because 

of the interval which must elapse before a new 

policy in business brings results. 

WHOLESALE COMMODITY MARKET 

With few exceptions, the wholesale markets are now 

in a condition of inactivity not paralleled since the 

period of uncertainty which followed the armistice. 

Normally, this is the dullest season of the year and 

the condition of stagnation is partially to be ascribed 

to that fact. 

To a far greater extent, however, it is the result of 

a widespread realization which has at last become 

general throughout the business community, that the 

present downward price movement is not a temporary 

tendency but a decline toward a new level applicable 

to post-war conditions, a level which can be found 

only by cautious experimentation in the market. It is 

possible that in somq commodities this new level has 

already been reached. 

The necessity for an advance in railroad rates had 

long been beyond argument, but even among those 

who regarded this advance as necessary there had 

been a considerable doubt as to the effect upon prices 

of products which move on a tonnage basis. Temporarily' 

the effect of these rate advances will be reflected 

in prices of bulky articles, although there 

should be little or no reflection in prices of articles 

the value of which is relatively high in relation to 

weight. 

RAILROAD RATE ADVANCES 

One Hundred Thousand Dollars 

Being Spent for You 

The research Bureau of the American Society of 

Heating and Ventilating Engineers has outlined a 

program which will benefit everyone connected with 

the industry. The effort on the part of the Research 

Bureau deserves the unstinted and loyal support of 

all. Fitters throughout the country should get in 

touch with the society and arrange to support this 

worthy cause and profit by the results of the research 

work now being done. 

The program outlined includes engineering research 

as follows: Radiant Heat Loss from Steam Radiators; 

Heat Losses from Pipes Buried in the Ground; 

Circulation of Water in Hot Water Systems; Heat 

Losses through Various Building Materials; Electrical 

Method of Testing Radiators; Infiltration through 

Various Forms of Building Construction; Relation between 

Outside Wall Temperatures and Dew-Point; 

Standardization of Dust Measurements; Checking Application 

of Heating Boiler Testing Code. 

The work is being done for the benefit of the entire 

heating and ventilating industry. It will increase the 

prestige of all those connected with the industry. It 

will enable heating and ventilating engineers to serve 

the public with greater intelligence. 

The work involves an expense of $20,000 per year 

over a period of 5 years. Immediate support is needed 

for the expansion of the work now in hand. Everyone 

connected with the industry should put their shoulder 

to the wheel and help put this good work through. 

Data will be furnished as quickly as the deductions 

resulting from the research work are formulated and 

complete information of the work and manner of obtaining 

the data can be had by addressing a post-card 

to the American Society of Heating and Ventilating 

Engineers, 29 West Thirty-ninth Street, New-York 

City. 

Pipeless Has Its Place 

If the friend, from whose letter the following extract 

is taken, carries out his purpose, furnacemen 

generalh' will be pleased: 

I intend to try to take a day off and put on paper some 

of the things that have occurred to me which might be of 

interest to those concerned in the furnace business, especially 

in the pipeless furnace branch. I think one of the 

greatest mistakes being made is that some manufacturers 

are willing to take long chances on pipeless heater installations 

and recommend things whieh their better judgment 

would not altogether approve. 

Having had charge of the engineering in our furnace de 

Certain offsetting circumstances are not to be igpartment 

and passed on several thousand heating plants 

nored, however. As long as the railroads were unable 

each year, I always have been, and expect to be, conscien 

adequately to expand their facilities to handle the 

tious in my recommendations. I am willing other people 

freight offered to them, business in all lines suffered 

should profit from my observations and experience. 

under a most serious handicap because of hampered It is the policy of our company to recommend the pipe 

transportation. In some cases this has been reflected less installation when it is the thing to use, but if, in our 

violently in prices. If the rate advances enable the judgment, a pipe installation should be made we always 

railroads to build up their plant and equipment suf say so, even if we lose the job. 

ficiently to liandle freight, expansion of production in v'.'e do not know that we have lost any sales by being 

all lines will become possible, and the friction involved 

in the present process of distribution will be eliminated. 

It will take a considerable time to reach this result, 

conservative, but believe in the end it will pay. If more 

furnacemen would do the same thing, there would be fewer 

complaints 

THE AMERICAN 

about furnaces. 

SANITARY, WORKS, Washington, N. 

J., manufacturer of plumbers' tanks and kindred prod 

but when it is attained the final effect of increased ucts, has increased its capital from $200,000 to 

rates will be to lower prices. 

$350,000.

AUCUST 27, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 287 

News of the Trade Associations 

Maine Plumbers' Annual Outing 

Large Attendance Enjoy Field Day at Long Island, 

Portland Harbor, on August 16 

The annual summer outing and field day of the 

Maine State Master Plumbers' Association was originally 

scheduled to be held "inland," but unforeseen 

circumstances caused this to be abandoned at a week's 

notice. Therefore, much to the delight of some 150 

members, their families and guests, this was held, as 

for some years past, at Long Island, Portland Harbor, 

on Monday, Aug. 16. 

Long Island is also the summer home of "Pat" Mahaney 

and "Mike" Myers, who do a large and lucrative 

plumbing business in Portland under the firm 

name of Myers & Mahaney Plumbing Co., and are 

also loyal members of the State Association. It might, 

at first thought, be considered these gentlemen had a 

personal interest in having this outing held on "their 

island," so to speak. 

Those who have been fortunate enough, however, to 

attend one of tliese outings and to have observed the 

work accomplished by this pair to keep things moving 

and everyone happy, carried away a lasting impression 

that to hold this summer outing elsewhere would be a 

.rime. 

A group photo of the party was taken soon after 

arrival at the island with everyone looking pleasant. 

The annual ball game between the salesmen and 

plumbers followed. According to the official score this 

was won by the plumbers by the unheard-of score of 

11 to 0. This is opposed to all precedent and belief 

and indicates physical degeneration on the part of the 

salesmen, new blood among the plumbers or a prejudiced 

score. The players were as follows: 

Plumbers Salesmen 

Xugent, 2b, Captain. Sadler, c, captain. 

R. Hotte, c. Heriot, 3b. 

Lyon, r.f. Murphy, l.f. 

Stuart, l.f. Hinnman, e.f. 

McMahon, lb. Rich, lb. 

Knight, s.s. Austin, 2b. 

Tilton, 3b. Gibbs, p. 

Dewyea, p. Smith, s.s. 

Mahaney, cf. Quimby, r.f. 

F. E. Wheeier, Umpire. H.'W. Knight, Scorer. 

While the ball tossers were batting it out on the 

diamond, the future female voters gave a splendid 

exhibition of their athletic prowess. Ball rolling contest, 

prize, copper jardiniere, won by Mrs. C. A. 

Sadler, Brunswick; wheeling wheelbarrow to a mark 

blindfolded, prize, bathroom fittings, won by Mrs. 

Libby, Kittery; doughnut eating contest, first prize, 

slate sink, winner, Mrs. W. F. Mahaney, Biddeford, 

second price, box of candy, winner, Miss Georgia 

Marr. Saco; 100-yard dash, prize, 5 lb. box chocolates, 

winner, Miss Marion Skillings, Auburn. 

The sports for men and boys and winners were as 

follows: Sack race, first, Dupee; second, Sadler; 

boys' race, 100 yards, first, Frank A. Rosebrooke; 

second, Robert Goss. 

The tug-of-war has never yet been won by the salesmen 

as it is a contest between brain and brawn and 

the present was no different in its final results. Two 

"heats" were required in this event, however. On 

the first trial, finding the plumbers losing, the husky 

wives of two weak members grabbed the rope and 

speedily pulled the unfortunate salesmen off their 

feet. The referee ungallantly ordered another trial, 

which resulted in a victory for the plumbers even 

without the "Ladies' Aid." 

TEAM 

Plumbers Salesmen 

Taben Bent 

Dewyea Doten 

Reed Rich 

Knight Davenport 

Donovan Prescott 

F. E. Wheeler Dupee 

Tilton Tarr 

Hotte Quimby 

Mahaney Austin 

Moulton Miles 

The "chow" call was then heard and a good oldfashioned 

Maine shore dinner was served at Cushing 

Pavilion with clams, lobsters and "fixin's" enough to 

satisfy even the tug-of-war teams. 

Following this, State President A. P. Goodhue of 

Belfast called the assembly to order. He and Vice 

President E. A. Wheeler of Portland gave instructing 

reports of their attendance at the National Convention 

in Pittsburgh. Both speakers commended the work 

and efforts of the Trade Extension Bureau very 

strongly. 

Interesting remarks were also made by William 

Thayer, Bostoii manager of the United States Radiator 

Corporation, and Edward S. Bent of F. W. Webb 

Co., Boston. The remaining hours were spent in 

dancing and social intercourse until the last boat for 

Portland. 

Most of the "old guard" were present and many 

newcomers were noticed. "Eddie" Bent was warmly 

greeted by his old friends. Eddie formerly collected 

orders for his firm and "loose change" for himself in 

Maine until the field became too limited for one of 

his ability. Since that time he has represented the 

Webb Co. in South America, New York and other 

"furrin" countries. 

Fred C. Park, of Orono, has the distinction of coming 

the longest distance to attend the outing—1 10 

miles, to be exact. 

Manhattan Plumbers' Outing Sept. 9 

Enjoyable Day Planned for Members Who Attend Picnic at 

Duer's Hotel and Park, Whitestone, L. I. 

The annual outing of the Manhattan branch of the 

Master Plumbers' Association will be held at Duer's 

Hotel and Park, Whitestone Landing, L. I., on Thurs 

day, Sept. 9. 

It is announced in a letter being sent to the members 

that a special train will leave the Pennsylvania 

Station, Thirty-third Street and Seventh Avenue, at 

11 a. m. On "arrival at Whitestone breakfast will be 

served, followed by a baseball game between tbe famous 

teams of the "Ins" and "Outs" and a general set


of athletic games, including championship bowling 

tournament. Prizes will be awarded for each event. 

At 5 o'clock a first-class dinner will be served. 

It is stated that the location and general surroundings 

for the outing cannot be excelled, as there is every 

facility for boating, bathing, fishing and dancing and 

a perfect athletic field. 

New members will find this an excellent opportunity 

to get acquainted and all niembers are expected 

to bring as many friends as they desire. 

The tickets are $7 and checks should be made payable 

to Treasurer M. Jarcho, 155 East Fifty-eighth 

Street. The outing committee is composed of J. H. 

Jasper, chairman; George J. Simon, secretary; M. 

Jarcho, treasurer; Harry Hemlin, James S. Lawlor, 

William Lawrence, A. F. Jackson, Herman Auskulat 

and John L. Knight. 

Rhode Island Plumbers Plan Outing 

Thirty-eighth Annual Picnic to be held on Septemper 4, 

at Oakland Beach Yacht Club, Newport 

The thirty-eighth annual outing of the Rhode Island 

Master Plumbers' Association will be held at the Oakland 

Beach Yacht Club at Newport, R. I., on Saturday, 

Sept. 4. 

There will be a luncheon served at 12:30 o'clock 

followed by a shore dinner at 4:30. In the interim 

therej will be sports and other entertainment. 

The Newport members have been hard at work to 

make the affair a success. Among their number on 

the reception committee are: T. B. Connolly, Lincoln! 

Hammett, P. J. Murphy and Edward R. Openshaw, 

while on the entertainment committee are: Robert 

Haire, M. F. Murphy, Ray B. Wilson and the 

Sullivan brothers. 

Delaware Valley Golfers Meet 

Thirty-Six Members Enjoy Play at White Marsh Country 

Club Despite Unsettled Weather 

The August meeting of the Delaware Valley Trade 

Golf Association was held at the White Marsh Country 

Club, Chestnut Hill, Pa., on Aug. 18, with 36 

members in attendance. 

The weather conditions were not as good as on 

former meetings because of the excessive heat, but regardless 

of this, the association had one of its largest 

turnouts. 

The afternoon play was interrupted by a very severe 

thunder shower and the last three foursomes 

were unable to complete their game. 

The prizes for the day were presented as follows: 

First prize, morning play, won by Frank Newton, and 

second prize by Joseph Dallett. 

Best ball foursome play in the afternoon resulted 

as follows: 

First prize won by Fred Allen and P. J. Faherty; second 

prize by G. B. Strausner and B. H. Deacon, Jr.; third prize 

by A. A. Tomlinson and William E. Tinker. 

James E. McArdle acted as host and received the 

unanimous vote of thanks for the splendid entertainment 

provision made for the guests. 

The September meeting is to be held on Sept. 21, 

at the Baltimore Country Club, Baltimore, Md. 

Milwaukee Sheet Metal Men's Picnic 

Annual Outing of Association Held at Knebel's Grove, 

Mequon, on Aug. 11 

On Wednesday, Aug. 11, 1920, the sheet metal 

contractors of Milwaukee forgot their business and 

motored out to Knebel's Grove, Mequon, Wis., to 

OUTING OF MILWAUKEE SHEET METAL CONTRACTORS 

participate in the annual picnic. All arrived on the 

grounds very earlv for fear of missing something. 

Tiie picnic conimittee, composed of Messrs. Eschenburg, 

Hammann and Jeske, had provided a splendid 

program. An elaborate dinner was served at 1 p. m. 

which was enjoyed by all those present. 

In the afternoon a six-inning game of baseball was 

played. The sheet metal contractors, headed by William 

Hammann, defeated the tinners, headed by A. C. 

Scheder, by a score of 11 to 5. The wonderful pitching 

done by Edwin Wollager, secretary of the John 

Pritzlaff Hardware Co., for the sheet metal contractors 

was the feature of the game. 

Cigars were distributed by the John Pritzlaff Hardware 

Co., H. H. Wherry and A. Madsen. 

The picture plainly indicates that all were in the 

best of spirits and that they were not short of musical 

entertainment. All were having such a good time 

that it was onlv with considerable persuasion that 

some were finally induced, after darkness had overtaken 

them, to leave the scene of their day's enjoyment 

and turn their headlights towards home. 

Those who participated were: O. A. Hoffman, 

Herman Bretzel and son, Frank E. Downey, Alex 

Goethel, D. D. Green, William Hammann, J. M. Hollitz, 

Otto Jeske, A. C. Scheder, Adolph Schumann, 

E. B. Tonnsen, Edwin Wollager, H. Killian, John 

Bogenberger, Paul L. Biersaeh, Louis Eschenburg, 

William Gallun, August Graunke, Edward Hoffmann, 

R. F. Jeske, August Klubertanz, Henry Pluckhan, 

Herman Schaetzke, Charles Mueller. H. H. Wherry 

and G. H. Eggert. 

The Supply and Machinery Dealers' 

Convention of 1921 

For some years the National Supply and Machinery 

Dealers' Association, the Southern Supplv and 

Machinery Dealers' Association and the American 

Supply and Machinery Manufacturers' Association 

have met jointly in what has come to be popularly


called in the trade "the triple convention." This 

gathering of Northern and Soutliern supply and Machinery 

dealers and of the manufacturers from whom 

the dealers very largely buy their goods of trade has 

been a conspicuous example of the tendency toward 

co-operation and intelligent competition, whicli has 

become more and more a factor in recent years in 

American industry and business. There has been a 

suggestion from some members of the Southern association 

that they draw apart and hold a convention of 

their own in 1921, a move which on many accounts 


R. W. MENK, of the Excelsior Steel Furnace Co., 

Chicago, 111., addressed the Keewanis Club at Aurora 

on the subject of furnace heating on Aug. 18. 

R. W. BLANCHARD, Chicago manager for the Hart 

& Cooley Co., well-known makers of registers, left 

Friday for the home office in New Britain, Conn. 

HOMER ADDAMS, director of the Kewanee Boiler 

Co., with headquarters at 17 West Forty-second 

Street, New York City, is entertaining in an automobile 

camping trip through the Adirondacks, Nelson 

P. Thompson, chief engineer of the Supervising Architect's 

office, Treasury Department, Washington, D. 

C, and Frank K. Chew, editor of METAL WORKER, 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER. 

Jeremiah Sheehan 111 

The many friends of Jeremiah Sheehan, one of the 

oldest past-presidents of the National Association of 

Master Plumbers, will regret to learn that he is now 

confined in the Mullanphy Hospital, having undergone 

an operation for appendicitis. Extreme measures 

were followed in connection with this operation. 

Mr. Sheehan, being an active association man and 

taking an interest in all of its affairs, was at the an- 

Jual picnic Saturday, Aug. 14. Sunday morning, Aug. 

15, he was hurried to the hospital and operated on 

that afternoon. 

The reports as to his condition emanating from his 

family are very gratifying, since the operation was 

successful and he has rallied very nicely from the 

shock. 

He carries the good wishes of a multitude of friends 

for a speedy recovery. 


THE THOMASTON METAL WORKS, Thomaston, 

Conn,, has been incorporated, with a capital of $100,- 

000, by A. Z. Boyd, W. T. Coholan and D. C. Coholan, 

39 Harrison Street, New Britain, Conn., to 

manufacture metal goods. 

ALFRED VESTER SONS, INC., Providence, R. I., has 

been incorporated, with a capital of $50,000, by 

Charles R. Haslam, Thomas G. Bradshaw and Wil- 

would be regrettable. The associations have shown 

the great good which has come out of the co-operative 

spirit in business through organization, and it is therefore 

to be hoped that "the triple convention" will continue 

to exemplify the spirit of get-together in the 

machinery and mill supply trades. The mingling of 

manufacturers and dealers from all sections of the 

country has been a good thing for all. Their interests 

are common and not sectional and at all their joint 

conventions there has been the freest expression of 

satisfaction with the results of the tripartite meeting. 

Current Notes of All the Trades 

Ham W. Moss, 27 Angell Street, to manufacture metal 

products. 

THE AMERICA SHEET METAL WORKS, 24 Robinson 

Street, Providence, R. I., has filed notice of organization 

to manufacture sheet metal products. George 

Goodman, 199 Willard Avenue, heads the company. 

ONE OF THE POPULAR MONTHLIES presents the following: 

"The City of Bareira in Portuguese East 

Africa is a City of Zinc." Zinc is used for all the 

buildings and almost anything else from railway cars 

to coffins. 

New Jersey Zinc Chemical Exposition 

The New Jersey Zinc Co., 160 Front Street, New 

York City, will have a display at the Sixth Annual 

Chemical Exposition, to be held during the week of 

Sept. 29 at Grand Central Palace, which will occupy 

booth No. 9 and a portion of booth No. 8, on the main 

floor. One of its features will be an exhibit indicating 

the route of the zinc ore in the manufacture of zinc 

products, as well as illustrating the ultimate uses of 

these products. 

Various zinc products of the "Horse Head" familj' 

will be displayed. These will include Zinc Oxide, 

Lithopone, Albalith, a new light-resisting pigment, 

Ochre, Slab Zinc, Rolled Zinc, Boiler Plates, Spiege- 

leisen, Zinc Dust, Muriatic Acid. Salt Cake, Sulphuric 

Acid and Zinc Chloride. 

W. Homer Hendricks, general sales manager, will 

be in charge. S. T. Ballinger, master painter, will 

assist him. 

Hack Saw Don'ts 

These few don'ts taken from the hack saw chart, 

prepared by the L. S. Starrett Co., Athol, Mass., if 

followed, will materially decrease your cutting costs. 

Don't use a coarse blade on light sheet metal, tubing 

or very hard steel. 

Don't use a coarse blade on brass, copper or gas 

pipe. 

Don't let blade slip or slide without cutting. 

Don't run blade too fast in power machines. When 

compounds are used saws can be run to good advantage 

on soft steel at about 125 strokes per minute, on annealed 

tool steel about 65 to 90 strokes per minute, 

on unannealed tube steel about 63 strokes per minute


When compound is not used run about 65 or 70 strokes 

per minute. 

Don't put too much weight on a new saw. Nothing 

is gained in trying to force the saw. Too much weiglit 

dulls the saw quickly, on the other hand, do not start 

cutting with too light weight. It is possible, especially 

in hand sawing, to dull the blade or completely 

ruin the blade in the first cut by using too little weight. 

As the result of tests of practice when starting a new 

blade on a hack saw machine, it is advisable to use 

the following weight and blades: No. 103, 12 lb.; No. 

112, 18 lb.; No. 115, 24 lb.; No. 114, 24 lb.; No. 

254, 44 lb.; No. 255, 44 lb.; No. 256, 65 lb. To 

maximum efficiency the weight should be gradually 

increased on each saw as it is dulled in cutting. 

Don't condemn a blade because it happens to break. 

Possibly it is the user's fault. 

Tin Plate Exports Widely Distributed 

American tin plate exports go to all quarters of 

the globe. The figures compiled by the Department 

of Commerce show an exportation of 41,674,449 lb. 

of tin plate, terne plate and taggers tin in June, 1920, 

valued at $3,333,597. Canada was the largest purchaser, 

with a total of 15,023,171 lb., valued at $1,- 

104,088. Japan came second with 8,098,031 lb. at 

$622,232; Brazil third, with 2,703,219 lb. at $220,- 

277, and China fourth, with 2,464,401 lb. at $199,052. 

During the same month the tin imports of the United 

States aggregated 11,232,325 lb. of tin bars, blocks 

and pigs, worth $6,913,571, and 2,194 tons of tin ore 

worth $2239,266. 

The Department of Commerce figures also show for 

June, 1920, the importation of 27,951 tons of copper 

ore, 12,151 tons of copper concentrates, 6,741 tons 

mat and regulus; and 16,031 tons of other forms of 

copper at a total valuation of $14,589,851. Copper 

exported for the month amounted to $12,921,000. 

Practically all of this was refined copper or finished 

products. 

Sheet Shortage in Canada 

The famine in black and galvanized sheets which 

has been under way in Canada fori the past three or 

four months continues to hold the market in its grip. 

Some dealers say that new material is being received 

from time to time, but this is by no means sufficient 

to take care of the heavy orders they have on their 

books, and is being doled out in small quantities to 

consumers whose needs appear to be the most urgent, 

and by the time a few of these have been taken care 

of the supply on hand is exhausted and there are still 

a large number of customers who are forced to wait 

until another supply arrives. The shortage has now 

become so acute that manufacturers are unable to get 

anything like enough sheets to keep their plants going 

at full time and some are complaining that they have 

been forced to cease the production of certain articles 

because they are unable to secure enough raw material 

in th line of shets. Local dealers state that they have 

large orders with the mills for both black and galvanized 

sheets, but these are unable to make deliveries. 

The shortage of proper shipping facilities, especially 

as regards ears, is one of the reasons United States 

mills are unable to fill their contracts with Canadian 

dealers. Another reason for the shortage of sheets is 

that Canadian producers have been held up on account 

of the shortage of fuel and raw materials as well as 

labor difficulties and have not been in a position to 

take care of tlieir orders. 


THE SCOTT & HART STOVE & FURNITURE CO., 

Terre Haute, Ind., has been incorporated, with $1,- 

000,000 capital stock, to manufacture stoves and furniture. 

The directors are Durward F. Scott, Oscar 

Hart and Richard M. Robinson. 

Detroit Range Boiler Picnic 

There will be no work done by the employees of the 

Detroit Range Boiler & Steel Barrel Co. on Sept. 

4, when the forces of the Detroit and Toledo plants 

will hold an outing. They will take the boat from the 

two cities and join at Sugar Island, where there will 

be a baseball game, races, swimming, dancing and 

other amusements which the island affords. 

A Selling Point 

The man who talks quality draws business. He is 

a booster and not a knocker. The knocker never gets 

anywhere. Illustrated is a sectional view of a wrought 

steel register face as made by the Hart & Cooley Co., 

WROUGHT STEEL REGISTER FACE 

New Britain, Conn. The furnaceman talking quality 

to his customers cannot but note the rugged construction 

of this face. It is a quality-talking point on 

which he can secure business. These little points, if 

used in connection with your business, will increase 

your sales and eliminate the need of entering competition 

for work. 

Heating System Erected Double-Quick 

at Majestic Conference 

The furnace dealers' conference of the Majestic 

Co., Huntington, Ind., held on Tuesday, Aug. 3, was 

participated in by 60 dealers from the Indiana and 

Ohio territories. The program included the registration 

of guests at the company office at 8 to 9 o'clock 

a. m., followed by reception and inspection of the 

plant. Then an auto trip through the city ended at 

the Country Club, where a banquet was enjoyed. The 

guests were entertained by an address by Mayor 

Charles McGrew, a few musical selections and an 

address by Ira B. Potts, of Allen-Potts Realty Co., 

entitled, "Advantages of Huntington as a Manufacturing 

and Shipping Center." 

One of the interesting features of the day was a 

demonstration of the installation of the Majestic 

Duplex Heating System. A temporary platform was 

erected and two of the company's sheet metal men 

erected the job, which was started at 2 o'clock. At


3:40 the entire job was installed—the pipes properly 

wrapped with asbestos paper and a fire in the furnace 

sufficient to show the smoke coming from the flue. 

The company states that the conference was a great 

success and it .has decided to hold a similar affair 

next year on a larger scale. It was necessary to limit 

the invitations to the nearby dealers this year on account 

of lack of hotel accommodations. 


THE HARRIS PUMP & SUPPLY Co., Pittsburgh, has 

acquired a two-story brick building, on lot 48 x 120 

ft., on Sidney Street, for a new local works. 

THE CAPITAL STOCK of the McNab & Harlin Mfg. 

Co., 55 John Street, New York, has been increased 

from $300,000 to $1,300,000. This company manufactures 

brass goods, valves, iron, steel goods, etc. 

THE ELYRIA ENAMELED PRODUCTS CO., Elyria, 

Ohio, is clearing a site for its proposed two-story addition, 

40 x 60 ft., to cost about $10,000. 

THE RUUD MFG. CO., Twenty-ninth and Smallman 

Streets, Pittsburgh, manufacturer of water heaters, 

etc., is having plans prepared for a brick and concrete 

addition, to be used as an extension to the foundry 

and the machine shop. Edward Ruud is president. 

A SET OF CONVENIENT PIPE DATA CARDS for steam 

fitters and plumbers are ready for those who request 

them from Kroeschell Bros. Co., West Erie Street, 

Chicago, 111., makers of the Ideal chain wrench. One 

card gives standard flange data showing the size of 

pipe, diameter of flanges, number of bolts, diameter 

of bolt, length of bolt, bolt circle, diameter ring 

gasket for pipe from 1 to 12 in. in size. On the other 

side of this card is found similar data where extra 

heavy flanges are used. The standard pipe card gives 

the inside diameter of pipes from % to 12 in. in size, 

weight per foot, internal area, lieating service, working 

and bursting pressures and information on the 

standard threads. The third card gives offset measurements, 

with an example illustrating how these are 

figured. These cards may be had only upon application. 

THE UEHLING INSTRUMENT CO., 71 Broadway, New 

York, manufacturers of fuel economy equipment, announces 

that it is now being represented in the New 

England states by the Smith Engineering & Supply 

Co., 89 State Street, Boston, Mass., manufacturers' 

agents and engineers, specializing in power plant 

equipment. S. W. Smith, president of the latter company, 

was until very recently associated with the 

Uehling Instrument Co. with headquarters in its New 

York office. 

UNDER THE HEADING, "When Will Prices Come 

Down," the August number of Pressure Gauge—the 

monthly house organ of the Burnett-Larsh Mfg. Co., 

Dayton. Ohio, manufacturer of the Duro water systems, 

enumerates five reasons why they will not come 

down soon. Briefly summarized they are: Orders 

totalling 11,000,000 tons of steel now on the books of 

the United States Steel Corporation; price advances 

on steel $5 per ton, on iron $2 per ton, on tin, copper 

and other metals; 30 per cent increase in railroad 

transportation costs; manufacturers required to pay 

higher freight rates, and finally, since pig iron sells 

at $46 per ton, coke in demand at $18 per ton, car 

shortage and wages higher than ever before, it is 

improbable that lower prices will prevail before the 

middle of 1921 and then only through a gradual decline. 

The remaining three pages of the issue are 

devoted to illustrations of branch office displays and 

an amplification of "Duro" service. 

THE GREENFIELD TAP & DIE CORPORATION, Greenfield, 

Mass., has bought three Billings & Spencer 

hammers and several Toledo presses, in addition to 

anvils and miscellaneous forge shop equipment for 

one of its subsidiary companies to materially increase 

production. Tlie General Electric Co., West Lynn, 

Mass., has purchased two additional lathes, thereby 

completing its recent list of 10 such tools, as well as 

a considerable amount of small equipment for its 

meter department. The Turner Centre System, Somerville, 

Mass., dairy products, has bought drills, lathes 

and grinding machines. Other business closed includes 

a 14-in. x 6 ft. Flather lathe, bought by the 

United States Envelope Co., Worcester, Mass.; a 

large backing-off lathe, by the American Tube Works, 

Somerville, Mass.; universal grinder by the Boston 

Woven Hose & Rubber Co., Cambridge, Mass.; No. 5 

Willard press, by a Norfolk Downs, Quincy, Mass., 

machine shop; 16-in. x 8-ft. lathe and a shaper, by the 

Package Confectionery Co., South Boston, and two 

24-in. shapers, by the Chapman Valve Mfg. Co., Indian 

Orchard, Mass. The Thurston Mfg. Co.. Providence, 

gear cutters, has not covered its backing-off 

machine requirements. 

Plumbers' Examination in Wisconsin 

Through the courtesy of Frank F. King of the Wisconsin 

State Board of Health, Madison, Wis., we are 

enabled to present the following: 

Twenty-two who took the Wisconsin state examination 

for journeyman plumber's licenses and 16 who 

were examined for master's licenses on Aug. 5 at 

Janesville, Milwaukee and Superior, passed and were 

granted certificates by the state board of health. Five 

master and 18 journeyman applicants failed to appear. 

The successful masters arc: T. A. Freiberg, Clintonville; 

John Neil, Superior; A. J. Freisleben, L. C. 

Lenz, Janesville; Robert Schmidt, Ed. G. Kramer, 

Walter H. Klotz, Charles Heffling, Erwin Graack, 

Charles H. Blackford, Louis H. Goeltz, Leo. L. Lesinski, 

Albert J. Schafer, Walter O. Gegner, George 

F. Froemming, Milwaukee; Emil H. Doubek, Wauwatosa. 

Journeymen who passed are: W. L. Gingrass, 

Theodore J. Besse, Superior; Ben Wagner, Duluth, 

Minn.; Vivis J. Stadler, Ashland; Augustus Buchan, 

Ross M. Hathorn, Edward Harty, S. R. Luchsinger, 

Ross W. Brown, William Harty, Janesville; Robert 

B. Nelson, William H. Langheim, La Crosse; George 

E. Salladay, Beloit; Norman Frohrib, Oshkosh; 

Franklin J. Caspers, Racine; Walter Van Ryzin, Menasha; 

Albert J. Nelesen, Manitowoc; Lawrence J. 

Speilbauer, Appleton; Harry Osten, Fred Kendall, F. 

A. Brinlinger, Alvin W. Schubert, Mihvaukee.


An Improved Exhaust Lnit 

Illustrated is the Wing Scruplex exhauster made by 

the J. L. Wing Mfg. Co., 352-362 West Thirteenth 

Street, New York City. This unit is designed to be 

used where the air to be handled is extremely hot 

or ladened with grease, smoke, steam or any other 

thing of like nature which would be unwise to have 

come in contact with the working parts of the motor. 

MOTOR. ENTIRELY 

OUTSIDE !__ CURRENT 

OF VAPOR OR. AlR_c 

HANDLFD 

WING SCRUPLEX EXHAUSTER 

BEARING IS FLOODED CONSTANTLY WITH 

FRESH CLEAN AIR.-AIR HANDLED DOES 

NOT COME IN CONTACT WITH BEARING. 

[AIR IN! LE. i f 

It is a very compact and rugged unit and particularly 

well suited for exhausting grease-ladened air 

from over ranges, boilers and steam tables, also for 

vapor-ladened air of laundries. Its structure is such 

as to permit of easy connection to a multiple system 

of openings on the intake side and at the same time 

to afford easy access to all working parts and allows 

of being easily supported or hung at the desired 

position. 

132 Mile Oil Pipe Line for France 

James Stewart & Co., 30 Church Street, New York, 

has been awarded the contract for construction of an 

oil pipe line in France, from Havre to Paris, a distance 

of 132 miles. The pipe line will be built for 

interests connected with the Atlantic, Gulf & West 

Indies Co., in co-operation with French banking interests. 

Du Pont, Furland & Co. are the French banking 

firm most prominently identified with the project. 

The name of the company which will operate the pipe 

line is the Cie. Francaise de Transport des Mazouts 

et Petroles. The right of way for the pipe line is a 

concession from the French Government, which will 

receive a royalty on the oil pumped through the line. 

About 12,000 tons of line pipe will be required and a 

considerable tonnage of plates, which will be used for 

construction of storage tanks. 

New "Eveready Catalog" 

The new "Eveready" catalog, issued by the Oxweld 

Acetylene Co., 3640 Jasper Place, Chicago, 111., 

i, now ready for the public. The catalog is issued 

i'i sections, each devoted to a particular phase of 

•"veready" equipment—welding and cutting blowpipe-;, 

regulators, accessories, etc. 

The "Eveready" line was formerly manufactured 

under the name of "Prest-O-Lite" apparatus by the 

Prest-O-Lite Co. and was extensively used in the 

metal trades. The Oxweld Co. took over the production 

and sales under the present name—Eveready 

—early in 1920, incorporating certain improvements 

in design latelv developed in oxy-acetylene engineering. 

Sanitary Earthenware Value 

From the Press Bulletin of the United States Geological 

Survey a preliminary report of the conditions 

prevailing in the pottery industry in 1919 is given. 

In 1919, the value of the production was $14,480,000, 

rhis was an increase of $3,239,000 in the face of the 

.'act that there was trouble in getting fuel and a shortage 

of labor and materials and embarrassing embargoes 

to slow down the production and delivery. 

Westinghouse Employees Take Voluntary 

Insurance 

Over 90 per cent of the employees of the Westinghouse 

Electric & Mfg. Co., at the East Pittsburgh 

Works, have taken advantage of the additional insurance 

and savings plan recently made effective by 

the organization. 

This, in effect, means that nearly all employees 

have savings accounts, beeause to be eligible for additional 

insurance the company requires each worker 

to deposit a portion of their earnings in the Employes' 

Savings Fund. 

Every employe when completing six months' service 

with the company is given a $500 life insurance 

policy, free of charge and without any restrictions. 

By continuing with the company and depositing at 

least 2 per cent of his earnings in the Employes' 

Savings Fund additional insurance of from $500 to 

$1,500 may be secured, the amount depending upon 

length of service. A policy of from $1,000 to $2,000 

may, therefore, be obtained by everv 7 employee of the 

Westinghouse company depositing in the Fund, which 

pays at the rate of 4^/2 per cent compounded semiannually 

on all deposits. To assist an employe to 

meet an emergency loans will be made from the Employes' 

Savings Fund. 

Every depositor can borrow 90 per cent of the 

money he has in the Fund without in any way affecting 

the value of the insurance. Repayment can be 

made at the rate of 10 per cent monthly. 

In addition to paying interest on the deposits, the 

company guarantees that the Fund is not to be used 

for private enterprise, but is to be held in trust 

solely for the employe, who can withdraw his savings 

account with accumulated interest at any time. 

The percentage of employes who have opened savings 

accounts with the company is very high compared 

with other organizations with insurance plans. 

It is somewhat unique in industrial annals to know 

that 90 per cent of the workers in one of the largest 

organizations in the world have savings accounts and 

through their thrift have made themselves eligible for 

life insurance policies of $1,000 and over.


Adjustable Double Acting Tank Lever 

The No. 777 double acting tank lever, made by the 

Frost Mfg. Co., Kenosha, Wis., gives evidence of being 

made by skilled mechanics from high-grade material. 

In a test the lever arm A withstood bending 45 

deg. in opposite directions twelve times before showing 

any crack. The cam B and bracket C are correspondingly 

heavy. This lever will fit any china, enameled 

iron or wood tank, with no other adjustment 

than the tightening of the nickel-plated hexagon nut 

on the outside of the tank. 

The accompanying illustration shows the adjustable 

feature. The bracket C, which has a male thread 

sufficiently long to extend through any tank, the cam 

B and the lever arm A are assembled as one unit; 

the porcelain handle G, hexagon nut H, handle cap 

F, hollow shaft D and flange E are another unit. To 

HOOKER & LIGHTBODY CO., Charles Carter, man- 

.•iger. is now installing 

Handsome Hill office 

steam fitting also. 

No 777 

Double Acting 

Flushing Lever - Porcelain Ha.ndle 

install in a tank the bracket C is placed in position 

from the inside of the tank and the hollow shaft D 

slipped over the square shaft of cam B, and hexagon 

nut H is tightened, forcing flange E against front of 

the tank, securing the lever permanently in correct 

position. 

Plumbing Trade in Jacksonville, Florida 

MASTER AND JOURNEYMEN PLUMBERS are all busy. 

Demands for residences and stores just cannot be 

met. The landlords have nearly everything for sale. 

In some instances four or five houses are painted up 

and newly painted inside and held for sale. Many 

residences are being remodelled into flats and where 

attics are large, they are being turned into the third 

story and rent quickly. 

THERE IS AN AWAKENING among manufacturing 

interest as to the wonderful progress of the State of 

Florida, as is evidenced by the Crane Co. establishing 

offices in Jacksonville, a forerunner of the large warehouse 

that it will build there for its plumbing and 

other materials, that city being the gateway of the 

state. This is the sixth wholesale house to establish 

there. 

ROBERT ENGSTROM, master plumber of Jacksonville, 

is now just finishing contract for Justin Halsema 

of 26 cottages. Mr. Engstrom, formerly of New 

Vork, has chosen Jacksonville for his permanent 

home. He is also the efficient secretary of the Master 

Plumbers' Employers' Association, with handsome 

offices in the Realty Building. 

the finest if plumbing in the 

Iiuilding. This firm has the 

CHARLES CHAPMAN, master plumber of Jacksonville. 

Fla., is now having a brief vacation in his old 

home in New York. Though fond of Jacksonville. 

he likes New York. 

LATE TRADE NEWS 

THE AMERICAN ENAMEL IRON PRODUCTS Co., 

Chicago, is reported planning to build works for the 

manufacture of bath-tubs, etc., at Birmingham. 

THE FARBER CORNICE WORKS, Pawtucket, R. I., 

have changed their name to the 

Farber Sheet Metal & Roofing 

Co., at the same time increasing 

their capital to $30,000 for extensions. 

ville, has awarded 

Construction Co., 

one-story addition 

manager. 

THE NATIONAL TUBE CO., 

Pittsburgh, has acquired the former 

building of the Pittsburgh 

Brewing Co., on Fourth Street, 

McKeesport, Pa., on lot 60 x 144 

ft., for a consideration of $30,000. 

It will be used in connection with 

its plant. 

THE STANDARD SANITARY MFG. 

Co., 319 West Main Street, Louis- 

a cantract to the National Concrete 

Board of Trade Building, for a 

75 x 150 ft. W. A. Wunderlish is 

THE PRATT & CADY Co., INC., Hartford, Conn., 

manufacturer of valves, steam fittings, etc., is taking 

bids for a brick and concrete addition to its plant on 

Capitol Avenue. 

THE LOGANSPORT RADIATOR EQUIPMENT Co., 

Logansport, Ind., will defer the erection of the addition 

to its plant until early next year. The structure 

is estimated to cost about $30,000. 

THE PENNSYLVANIA RANGE & BOILER CO., 2024 

North Tenth Street, Philadelphia, will commence immediate 

erection of a one-story addition to its boiler 

shop to cost about $15,000. 

THE AMERICAN TAP & DIE CO., Greenfield, Mass., 

successor to Nichols Brothers, is enlarging its facilities 

to increase production. It also manufactures a 

complete line of threading tools as well as butchers' 

cutlery. A. B. Allen is president. 

OSCAR G. THOMAS, representing the Leonard & 

Baker Stove Foundry, Taunton, Mass., and the Barstow 

Stove Co., Providence, R. I., has purchased an 

idle power plant at Rehoboth, which will be remodeled 

to accommodate enameling equipment as soon 

as a company is formed by the new owner. 

THE REX METAL PATTERN & MACHINE Co., New 

York, has been organized by E. G. Granlund and H.

294 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER AUGUST 27, 1920- 

Heller, 444 West Thirteenth Street, to nianufacture 

mechanical metal products. 

THE IRON CITY PIPE & FOUNDRY Co., Birmingham, 

will build an addition to its foundry to double 

its output. With equipment it is estimated to cost 

about .$250,000. 

Copper in Steel Tie Plates Lessens 

Corrosion 

The New York Central lines have conducted a 

series of tests under the direction of J. V. Neubert. 

engineer maintenance of way, Eastern lines, to determine 

the relative loss of metal in tie plates of various 

composition, including tliose containing a small percentage 

of copper. The length of time over which the 

tests were conducted varied from two years to a maximum 

of six years, and some of the tests are still in 

progress. In all cases the maximum corrosion developed 

on the bottom or under side of the plates, 

contrary to the generally accepted theory of most 

engineers and maintenance of way men that the maximum 

corrosion takes place on the top or exposed portion. 

The results, as given below, are detailed by 

the Railway Age. 

The percentage of copper in the plates containing 

that metal ranged between 0.2 per cent as a minimum 

and 0.5 per cent as a maximum, the plates so treated 

being rolled otherwise according to the standards of 

the New York Central. The copper-treated plates so 

obtained were subjected to the same tests as the other 

plates. An exposed test on a number of steel tie 

plates rolled from mild Bessemer steel containing 

0.25 per cent copper and a number rolled according 

to the same specifications without the copper content 

showed an average loss of 8.88 per cent for untreated 

plates and only 1.46 per cent for the treated plates. 

A second exposed test was made which covered a 

larger number of tie plates rolled from metals of 

various compositions. The plates used in this instance 

were cleaned and then exposed on the roof of a 

building at Hoboken, N. J., where the action of the 

salt air of New York bay could be studied. Investigation 

showed that the loss on the copper plates 

varied from 0.46 to 0.72 per cent, with an average 

of 0.56 per cent. 

In comparing the data so obtained the nearest approach 

to the results reported from the copper-treated 

plates was a loss of 0.59 per cent for high carbon 

open-hearth steel, too hard to punch. The pure iron 

plate came next, with 1.17 per cent, and then the 

high-carbon Bessemer plate, with 1.77 per cent, the 

latter also being too hard to punch. The remainder, 

which were standard steel tie plates, varied from 4.70 

per cent to 6.60 per cent, showing in the common or 

regularly accepted tie plates eight to ten times the 

loss for the special copper-treated ones. 

This addition of copper naturally results in a 

slightly higher first cost, but the increase over regular 

prices will be but $2 to $3 a ton, depending upon 

the size of the order and other relative conditions. 

As a result of these experiments the New York Central 

has placed an order for 650,000 tie plates, or 

4.000 tons, to be rolled according to the railroad's 

standard specifications, with the addition of 0.25 per 

cent of copper. 

Death of John D. Green 

The stove trade of the United States has lost one 

of its most active workers for the general good of the 

whole industry in the death of Jolm D. Green suddenly 

in a hospital to which he had been confined in 

Aurora, 111., on Sunday, Aug. 15. He had been ill 

about a week with kidney and gall stones. Mr. Green 

was a large man but very active and he was in his 

early sixties. Mr. Green has been before the stove 

industry in many capacities tor several years. In the 

earlv 80s he, with others, established the Pittston 

Stove Co., Pittston, Pa. Later he was well known 

through the country as the secretary of the Empire 

State Association of Stove Manufacturers. 

While he was connected with the Detroit Stove 

Works, he was elected president of the National Warm 

Air Heating and Ventilating Association, where he 

also left his impress for good upon that field of activity. 

He came East to take the vice-presidency of 

the Rathbone-Sard Co., Albany, N. Y., and later went 

to center of its larger producing activities. 

LATE JOHN D. GREEN 

Mr. Green for years was one of the live spirits at 

the annual meeting of the National Association of 

Stove Manufacturers and at all of the meetings wherever 

stove or furnace manufacturers gathered. He 

had a firm confidence that if things were not rights 

they could be made better and this spirit was widely 

recognized and established for him a high esteem 

throughout the entire industry. He was an active 

supporter of the movement on the part of the furnace 

manufacturers to establish the research work on furnace 

heating being done at the University of Illinois. 

Mr. Green is survived by his widow and two 

daughters. 

George J. Kent Drowned 

George J. Kent, superintendent of the stock and 

shipping departments of the Street & Kent Mfg. Co., 

Chicago, 111., was killed at White Hall, Mich., on Aug. 

4, when a pleasure steamer ran into a row boat in 

which Mr. Kent and three others were riding. Funeral 

services were held at his late residence, 707 Sacramento 

Boulevard, and interment was in Calvarv 

Cemetery.




Black and Oalvanized Sheets—Lighter receipts, falling 

below demand. 

Tin Plate—Little stock available for jobbers. 

Tin—Continued Stagnation. 

Copper—Demand dull, inquiries light, price advance anticipated. 

'Ainr—Demand fair. 

Antimony—Inactive. 

Foundry Coke—Gain in supply. Prices lower and production 

and shipment improved. 

Linseed Oil—Demand light; price fluctuating. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Stocks better, prices down. 

The quotations below are based on the- rate, in effect on 

August 24: 

Wc- quote for early deliverv in the New Vork district as follows: 

East. Pa., No. 1 fdy., sil. 2.75 to 3.25 $53.80 to $54.SU 

East. Pa., No. 2X fdy., sil. 2.25 to 2.75 52.05 to 53."5 

East. Pa., 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 50.80 to 51.80 


No. 2 X'irginia. sil. 1.75 to 2.25 52.40 to 5-1.40 

Chicago.— The market is very quiet. Tliere has been a 

fair movement of cars on consignment on the eve of the 

freight advance, but not a great deal in terms of tonnage. 

Local foundries are still fairly busy, but in other portions 

of the district some melters have curtailed output. The 

diminishing demand has apparently induced some of the 

high price furnaces to trim their prices. 

General Conditions More Promising 


yards except those for Northern foundry, malleable and steelmaking 

irons, including low phosphorus, which are f. o. b. furnace 

and do not include a switching charge averaging 50c per ton, 

4TT Taking everything by and large the general which will be about 70c a ton after Aug. 26. The delivered prices 

quoted below are based on thc new freight rates. 

jj condition of things during the -week seems to 

Northern coke, No. 1, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 last 

have improved. With the faster movement of freight half $48.25 

attributed to increased efficiency and the scarcity of Northern coke. No. 1 spot 48.25 

cars becoming less acute, accumulated stocks have 

been reduced and turned into money, making a some 

Northern coke foundry, No. 2, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 

last half 

Northern coke. No. 2 spot 

46.00 

46.00 

what easier tone in the. money market. A report Southern coke. No. 1 foundry and No. 1 soft, 

from Washington states that the car shortage has 

been reduced by at least 10,000 cars. The automobile 

manufacturers have been holding up in some 

sil. 2.75 to 3.25 $50.92 to 51.87 

Southern coke, No. 2 foundrv, sil. 2.25 to 

2.75 49.92 to 50.37 


cases on both pig iron and sheet shipments much to Philadelphia.— The upward trend of pig iron prices 

the relief of manufacturers in other lines. At least 

has not yet halted. Scarcity of iron for early delivery has 

prompted one Eastern interest to advance its price from 

one of the automobile makers has placed his factory $50 to $51, base, while another Eastern furnace has in 

on a shorter week, and it now looks as if there were creased the differentials for high silicon iron. Although 

some relief in sight from the tendency of the auto $50, base, is still quoted by this furnace, its price for 

Xo. 2X is $52.50, furnace, and for No. 1 foundry, $55, 

mobile industry to dominate the market by its will 

furnace. Although increased freight rates on ore, coke and 

ingness to pay premiums. Of course there are ten limestone, it is stated, will add about $2.50 to $3 a ton to 

dencies to increase prices in some instances, as for the cost of making iron at eastern Pennsylvania merchant 

furnaces, it is the scarcity of iron which is the chief factor 

example with pig iron. In addition there are other 

in the continued rising selling prices. Consumers are wary 

indications that the top has been passed in a good of buying ahead at the present high level, and there is 

many instances. The new schedule of freight rates very little inquiry for first quarter of next year. 

is in effect but just what results it is going to proThe 

following quotations are for iron delivered in consumers' 

yards in Philadelphia or vicinity, except those for low phosphorus 

duce generally remains to be seen. The following 

iron, which are f. o. b. furnace: 

are some of the changes in freight rates of finished East Ta. No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil $51.26 to $52.54 

and semi-finished steel, on the basis of carloads, in East Pa. No. 2X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 53.76 

cents per 100 pounds: 

Pittsburgh to: Old Rate 

Boston 29-5 

New York 27 

Philadelphia 25 

Baltimore 24 

Chicago 27 

St. Louis •• J4 

Cleveland 1? 

Toledo 21.5 

Detroit 23.5 

Cincinnati 23.5 

Louisville 26.5 

Buffalo • 21 


New Rate 

41.5 

38 

35 

33.5 

38 

47.5 

-Al 

30 

33 

ii 

il 

29-5 

Virginia No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil 55.47 

Virginia No. 2X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 56.72 

Cincinnati.— The market is dull and sales are mostly 

for tonnages ranging from a carload to 300 tons. Buying 

for first half, which had been fairly good for the 

past three weeks, has quieted down, and there is no disposition 

on the part of furnaces, with the possible exception 

of two in the South, to solicit business for next year. With 

improving transportation conditions melters in this territory 

who have not covered for last quarter are getting 

better shipments on contracts, and are remaining out of 

the market in the belief that they will have enough iron, 

with that purchased for fill-in purposes, to carry them 

through the year. Prices on all grades cover a wide range. 

New freight rates effective August 26 will add 90c a ton to 

Southern iron delivered in Cincinnati and 72c from the 

Ironton district. 

New York.— Many Eastern consumers of foundry pig Based on freight rates of $3.60 from Birmingham and $1.80 from 

iron have considerable iron due them on contracts, and Ironton, we quote f. o. b. Cincinnati: 

deliveries will not only run through the remainder of the Southern coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (base price).... $46.50 to $47.50 

year, but in a good many cases will carry over into 1921. Southern cnke sil 2.25 to 2.75 (.Nc 2 soft).... 47.75 to 48.75 

Buving for 1921 is relatively unimportant and sellers do 

Southern Ohio coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (No. 2) 48.52 to 49.52 

not look for any large business in the near future. Under 

Cleveland—Some pig iron is still being sold for the 

first half of next vear, but inquiry for that delivery has 

the advanced freights effective on Thursday the rate from 

fallen off One interest whicli has been taking first half 

Eastern Pennsylvania to this market, which has been $1.80, 

contracts for some time reports sales in the week aggre 

becomes $2 .52. The Buffalo rate of $3.90 becomes $5.46. 

gating only 2000 tons, these sales being made at $16 and


$47 for Xo. 2 foundry. There has been some activity recently 

in Southern iron for prompt shipment, whieh can 

now be purchased at about the same delivered prices as 

Northern iron. Southern iron is still quoted at $42 base, 

at furnace, for the remainder of the year and the first 

half. With the advance in freight rates August 26, a 40 

per cent advance will be made on local switching charges, 

making these 42c and 56c. 

We quote delivered from Cleveland as follows, based on the 

new freight rates, these being a 56c switching charge for local 

iron, a $1.96 freight rate from Valley points, a $3.36 rate from 

Tackson and $6.67 from Birmingham. 

Northern No. 2 fdry., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 $50.56 

Southern fdry., sil. 2.25 to 2.75 49.92 

Ohio silvery sil. 8 per cent 63.36 

OLD MATERIALS 

Scrap Iron, New York.—There is a division of opinion 

in the scrap trade as to whether the advance in freight 

rates, effective August 26, will be absorbed by the consumers 

or producers of scrap. Some scrap brokers have 

offered lower prices at point of shipment to producers, but 

in all cases have not been successful in getting shippers to 

accept these prices. Many shippers believe that the freight 

rates will result in higher prices, or at least that they will 

not be obliged to make concessions, and they are holding 

their material accordingly. The present is largely a waiting 

market. 

Prices which dealers in New York and Brooklyn are quoting 

to local foundries, per gross ton: 



etc.,) cupola size 40.00 to 41.00 


No. 2 cast (radiators, cast boilers, etc) 29.00 to 30.00 


2 ft. long) 20.00 to 20.50 


Scrap Iron, Chicago.— The freight advance has 

aroused considerable speculation a.s to the future relationship 

of the various scrap centers. It is generally believed 

that the increased rates to Cleveland, Pittsburgh and other 

points East of here will result in more scrap gravitating 

to Chicago and a reduction in shipments from this market 

to those centers. This district provides more scrap than 

it consumes and the divergence between output and consumption 

will no doubt be accentuated. The current market 

is fairly strong in some departments and dull in others. 


all freight transfer charges paid, as follows: 

Per Net Ton 

No. 1 cast 36.00 to $36.50 

Boiler punchings • 27.50 to 28.00 









Country mixed -.. 17.00 to 18.00 

Scrap Iron, Pittsburgh.— Heavy melting steel is hardly 

quotable at less than $29, although dealers are having 

some success in covering sales where specifications are not 

too exacting at about $1 per ton below this price. A welldefined 

effort is on foot among dealers to secure a revision 

of prices in old contracts against which they were 

prevented by embargoes and mill congestion from completing 

up to this time. Since the increased freight rates 

become effective this week, dealers stand to lose considerably 

in completing these contracts and since they do not 

feel they were at fault they believe they should be compensated 

to the extent of the increase in freight charges. 

We quote from delivery to consumers' mills in the Pittsburgh 

and other districts that take Pittsburgh freight rates as follows: 











Old Metals, New York.—Consumers seem to be purchasing 

for immediate requirements only and as a result 

business is very dull. Dealers' buying prices are nominally 

as follows; 





Brass light 7.75 



No. 1 red brass or composition turnings.... 11.00 

Lead, Heavy 7.50 to 7.75 

Lead, tea 5.00 to 5.25 

Zinc 5.25 to 5.50 

Old Metals, Chicago.- The market is still quiet. Dealers' 

buying prices follow: 

Red brass $14.75 








Tea lead 5.00 



Zinc 5.00 


Old Metals, Boston.— Activity in copper shows some 

increase but in other respects lifelessness in metals is apparent. 

Zinc continues in fair demand and lead is fairly 

active. Dealers are nominally paying as follows: 




Heavy machine composition, red brass 15.00 to 15.50 

Composition turnings No. 1 11.50 to 12.00 


Light brass ' 7.00 to 7.50 



Zinc 5.50 to 5.75 

Pewter No. 1 34.00 to 36.00 

(lean cast aluminum 22.50 to 23.00 



Old Ruhber.— Buying in the old rubber market is limited 

to immediate needs and prices are easier. 

Boots and shoes 5^4 to 6 

Trimmed arctics 4_ to 4^4 

Auto tires 2J4 

Bicvcle tires 1J4 to \VX 

Solid tires 2 to 2V-, 

No. 1 inner tubes 10>_ to ll-/. 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4^2 

Mixed red scrap 3J_ to 4 

Mixed black scrap 1_ to 2 

Cotton fire hose _i to 1J4 

Garden hose .4 to 1 

Old Rags.— The old rags market is firm although higher 

prices are expected. Demand is fair. 

No. 1 whites $10.50 to $11.00 

No. 2 whites 5.50 to 5.75 





Paper Stock.— A steady demand is reported in the 

paper stock market and the tone is strong. 




New York, August 27, 1920. 

Black and Galvanized Sheets.— Receipts are not as 

satisfactory as they were and are not sufficient to satisfy 

the present demand. However, the present demand is 

largely made up of anticipated wants by users who placed 

orders sometime ago for delivery at this time. Shipments 

are not coming through to meet those wants. Freight 

movements on the whole are better. 

Tin Plate.— Little stock continues to be available for 

the jobber, as the heavy movement is in the direction of 

the canners. The mills are improving in production, as is 

also freight movement. 

Copper.— There has been little doing in copper, with the 

demand very dull. Producers are holding prices firm, and

Gouldn f be Welded ? 

HERE is shown the everyday way in which Prest-O-Lite as 

used in the oxy-acetylene process does the unusual thing— 

These two bridge girders that couldn't be welded still span a 

27 foot weighing pit. 

Standard switch locomotives haul hundreds of heavily laden slag 

cars over these daily. 

And they have stood up under these trying conditions better than 

the best of riveted iron work. 

They are a splendid example of the ever-widening use of the 

oxy-acetylene flame and Prest-O-Lite. 

Prest-O-Lite is the supreme gas for all welding and cutting; 

its service i.s nation-wide from forty plants and warehouses. 

THE PREST-O-LITE COMPANY, INC. 

GENERAL OFFICES, CARBIDE AND CARBON BUILDING 

30 EAST 42ND STREET, NEW YORK 

KOHL BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO 

In Canada 

PREST-O-LITE COMPANY of CANADA, LIMITED, TORONTO


it is anticipated that there will be an advance to cover 

the increased cost of freight as the result of the rise in 

rates granted. 

Lead.—The market has weakened somewhat due to some 

heavy arrivals of the metal both from London and Mexico. 

On the whole, however, this metal occupies a strong position 

in the market. 

sheets on contracts, although better shipments West are 

expected once the Interstate Commerce Comnission order 

allowing the loading of box cars moving to the grain pro 

ducing districts becomes effective. Current sheet mill 

operations taking in both the American Sheet & Tin Plate 

Co. and the independents are about 70 per cent of capacity. 


Zinc.— The market is strong. The spot metal is scarce 

and futures are commanding a premium. The demand is 

only fair and producers are reluctant on committing them Linseed Oil.—There has been a reduction in price 

selves far in advance because of uncertainties in costs. which has brought out a number of small orders but there 

has been no buying of, note. There is little interest being 

Antimony.—There is still inactivity in this metal with 

shown in futures. 

no change in prices. 

Spirits of Turpentine.— A further decline in the 

Tin.— The market has dropped off slightly. The de Southern market has resulted in a weaker feeling in the 

mand is dull, with receipts running fairly large. 

Xew York market. There is little or no demand. 

Tin Plate, Pittsburgh.—Consumers still are short and 

Rosin.— Prices have sagged off on rosin due to the 

there continues to be a keen demand for stock tin plate, 

continued dullness of the market. 

and much anxiety by container manufacturers to enter Foundry Coke.— There is a decidedly better feeling in 

production orders for shipment over the end of the yea. the coke market due to increased production and the freer 

and in the first quarter of next year. More or less buying movement of cars. There has been a slackening in the 

of sheet bars for conversion into tin plate has been noted, demand and although it is hardly possible to do better 

one oil company having taken 3,000 tons and another 500 prices there is a general admission that the market is in 

tons. The American Sheet & Tin Plate Co. has stopped all round better condition. 

taking conversion business in both sheets and tin plate, al Registers.— The discounts on all kinds of registers 

though its receipts of steel from its regular sources of have been revised during the week by Chicago dealers. 

supply still are below normal. Export demand for tin 

plate is described as quiet. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh.— Consumers still are pressing Wants Special Boiler Covering 

makers pretty heavily for shipments arid a comparatively 

large amount of new business is being offered. Some ex 


tremely fancy prices are reported as having been paid impervious to moisture, as it seems that that is the only 

on shipments carrying specified deliveries. It is reported thing which will be possible? 

that as high as 10.50c has been paid independent makers We used a high-grade asbestos covering on this 

for galvanized sheets, but no sizeable tonnages are involved, boiler, therefore it is no fault of the material used, 

the more general maximum being accepted at 8.75c. It is 

but merely the condition under which it has been sub 

said that the latter price is more than $10 a ton above what 

jected. I trust I may have an early reply. 

buyers who have had sheet bars converted have had to 

pay. Only slight improvement is noted in the movement of 

NOTICE SLIDING SLEEVE 

DAMPER (Patented) 

Burt Ventilators are made 

in round, square, rectangular 

and special shapes, a 

full variety of types and to 

meet every requirement of 

buildings of all kinds. They 

are adjustable and stormproof. 

BURTS SELL FAST 

You have only to mention a few of the 

many exclusive features of Burt design and 

construction to win over the most stubborn 

purchaser. 

It will prove a pleasant surprise to you 

to find how easy it is to land big orders 

one after another when you handle the 

Burt line. 

Write for the Burt .Proposition Today 

The Burt Manvifacturino- Co. 


George W. Reed & Co., Montreal, Sole Manufacturer of "Burt" 



Fuel Conservation 

The lieating industry will be helped if such articles 

as the one printed below find their way into the papers 

in every community. The man who is pushing all 

kinds of combustion improving equipment, draft and 

temperature regulators and such profit-bringing articles 

should bring them to the papers' attention and 

recommend their presentation for public good: 

The conservation of fuel of all kinds has proved to be one 

of the most momentous problems of recent years. Of course 

everyone is acquainted with the stress laid upon the saving 

of coal during wartime and the period succeeding, and the 

various special and extraordinary measures to that end put 

into effect by national and municipal authorities. Private 

concerns adopted every practical fuel-saving method and 

even householders employed means of conserving their 

meager stores of fuel that were little short of heroic. 

Since the passing of the pressing emergency of the war 

months, however, not so much is said of the urgency for 

being judicious in the use of fuel, and the fact is that very 

little is known of the far-reaching results of the former 

necessity for getting the utmost energy out of every particle 

of fuel available for use. 

It is a very noteworthy fact that scarcity, and the resulting 

higher cost of fuel, turned loose the trained talent 

of the whole nation on this problem and some of the results 

are astounding in their effectiveness, but in spite of 

this, are but little known, and even when made public have 

excited little comment and are accepted as matter of course. 

When people have read such information they are 

more ready to listen to the explanation of what a 

device will do and when they see the benefit, the sale 

is almost made. This is a service to the people that 

will be appreciated and brings a good return. 

Workers' Committee on Building 

Construction 

An innovation in making provision for the safety 

of workmen engaged in building and construction 

work has been introduced in the erection of extensions 

to the plant of the American Rolling Mill Co. at 

Middletown, Ohio. At 2 p. m. each Tuesday a committee 

of foremen, mechanics and laborers inspect the 

work from sewers to roof to see that proper methods 

are taken to safeguard the employees against accident. 

The committee makes a detailed report of each inspection 

to a representative safety committee, which 

considers and puts into effect the recommendations of 

the inspection committee. 

The plan was introduced and is being carried out 

by Dwight P. Robinson & Co., Inc., an engineering 

and construction organization, which recently absorbed 

the Westinghouse, Church, Kerr Co. 

Soot As a Disinfectant 

It has been found that soot acts as a disinfectant 

and is more active moist than dry. Water seems to 

dissolve the disinfecting agents in the soot, making 

them more active. Carbon floating in the air seldom, 

if ever, carries bacteria unless it has lodged on the 

ground and is again blown into the air. 

Now, soot acts as a very effective blanket, protecting 

the bacteria and giving them a chance to 

o-row. Diseases of the nose and throat are not appreciably 

more prevalent in smoky cities, but they are 

more" severe and harder to cure. This is probably 

t PLUMBING ^ 

FIXTURES . ^ 






plants of all kinds, Factories, Railway Depots, Hospitals, 



The one large central container, easily refilled, is far more 

economical and more convenient in operation than the ordi 

nary wasteful method of an individual container for every bowl. 





valve in the 



non-wasting 

supply of 

soap. A 

plumber's 

services are 

required to 

install the 

System. 

Therefore, 

every sale 

you make 

will carry 

with it a 

installation. 

contract for 

The Watrous 

Gravity Liquid Soap Sys* 

tem is a new addition to the 

line of the celebrated Watrous 

Sanitary Plumbing 

Equipment, 

distinquished 

as representing 

the most 

advanced 

ideas in 

sanitary 

plumbing 

science. The 

Watrous 

Line also includes 

Watrous 


Self-Closing 

Cocks, Uri 

Free Information on Request nals, Drinking Fountains 



1323 AV. Harrison St. 

Chicago, IlL 

due as much to the cracking of the mucous membrane 

by the change from the dry atmosphere in the 

houses to the moist air outside and subsequent irritation 

bv dust and smoke. 

THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION of Commerce and 

Trade, of Berlin, Germany, is to be re-established. 

The Chamber of Commerce of the United States has 

been notified that a New York advisory board has 

been established for the purpose of reorganizing the 

Berlin association. W. R. Steinway, 107 East Fourteenth 

Street, is chairman of this board. The association 

will be reorganized to limit voting power to 

Americans, assuring American control. 

THE PENNSYLVANIA PUMP & COMPRESSOR CO., Easton, 

Pa., announces the opening of additional sales offices 

in the following cities: Buffalo, 788 Potomac 

Avenue, J. B. Laird, manager; Cleveland, 232 St. 

Clair Avenue N. E., L. J. Wakefield; St. Louis, 1956 

North Broadway, Corby Supply Co.; Minneapolis, 

423 Fifth Street South, L. E. Pollard Co.; Omaha, 

801 First National Bank Building, L. E. Pollard Co. 

THE NATIONAL MACHINE TOOL BUILDERS' ASSOCIAtion 

will hold its nineteenth annual fall convention 

at the Hotel Astor, New York, on Thursday and Friday 

Dec. 2 and 3. Reference to this postponement of 

the regular date of the meeting until the outcome of 

the national elections was noted in a previous issue.



-liould be baaed only on quotations 

guaranteed for a specilied 




liiice continue. 


The quotations given below are for small lots, as sold from stores in Nev. 

York City by merchants carrying stocks. «•«•_». 

As there are many consumers wbose requirements are not sufficiently neavy 



On a number of articles the base price only is given, it being impracticaDi. 


ALUMINUM- 

5 in. 

4.25 4.05 3.00 ROSIN— 


NO. 1 aluminum guaranteed over 5 J. i 

4.90 4.50 3.50 Common to good strained (whole private brands very according to 

99% pure, in ingots for remelt 6 in. 

5.05 4.75 4.00 sale), 280 lbs., per bbl $14.75 composition. 

ing, 100-lb. lots—37 to 39c. 

6.50 7.50 SHEETS— 



ANTIMONY— 






Plain Round and Corrugated- 

9c to 10c 

No. 10, per lb 6.50-8.00 5-lb. cans, each $3.00 




Square— 

Base BISMUTH- price Nominal 

No. 14, per lb 6.60-8.10 Gallon $1-25 

Per lb. ... 

.$4-00 to $4.50 

Square 40% No. 16, per lb 6.70-8.20 12-gal. Carboy 90c per gallon 

Copper— 

Black— One Pass. C. R. (Jug and carboy extra) 

CONDUCTORS— 



Corrugated— 

Furnace Pipe and Fittings— No. 18 to 20, per lb 7.80- 9.80 gal $1-75 


Standard list..Prices on application No. 22 to 24, per lb 785- 9.85 SOLDERING COPPERS— 



Toncan or ingot 15% American Pig, per lb. ..lie to 11J.C No. 27, per lb 7.95- 9.95 In 100 to 300-lb. lots advance 2c 

Copper 10% Bar, per lie 12c to 13c No. 28, per lb 8.00-10.00 per lb. 

Spiral Lock Seam Pipe- METAL LATH— 


Galvanized 20% Under 100 sq. yd. per sq. yd. 40c No. 30, per lb 8.25-10.25 vance 4c per lb. 



No. 28 and lighter, 36 wide, STRAINERS, CONDUCTOR— 


10c higher 

2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 

(See also elbows and shoes; Lead, American White, in Oil, Wellsville Polished— 

Copper $2.80 $3.75 $5.75 $9.00 dz. 

Eaves Trough Mitres; Strainers, kegs less than 500 lbs., 15J.C 20 gauge H-lOc Galv 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 dz. 

Conductor.) 

Lead, White, in Oil, 25-lb. tin 22 and 24 gauge 11.20c TIN PIGS AND BARS— 


,21-21J4c pails; add to keg price 54 c 26 gauge 1130c Straits, pigs per lb 52c 


Lead, Red, in Oil, less than 500 28 gauge 11.50c Straits, in bars, per lb—57c to 62c 

COPPER— 

Casting 

lbs., 15c 

Galvanized— 


COPPER 

Lake ingot 

SHEETS 

Dry Colors- 


Hot 

Electrolytic 

Rolled, 24-oz. base price, 

20-21c 

per Red Venetian, American, 


lb., 29}_c mill. 

19}4-20c 

Per 100 lbs., 2J_ to 5c No. 16 9.25-11.25 "AAA" Charcoal Melyn Grade: 

From stock 31c to 33c in 100 lb. lots Metallic Paints- 

Nos. 18 and 20 9.40-11.40 IC, 14 x 20 $16.50 

and over. 


For less than 100-lb. lots, 2c per lb. Red, per ton 35.0. 40.00 No. 26 9.70-11.70 IXX, 14 x 20 20.5Q 

advance. 

Oils- 

No. 27 9.85-11.85 IXXX, 14 x 20 22.25 

Colled Rolled, 2c 14 and heavier Linseed City Raw ....$1.46 to $1.51 No 28 10.00-12.00 IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 

per lb. advance over hot rolled. Linseed, Boiled, advance, per No. 30 10.50-13.00 "A" Charcoal Allaways Grade: 


gal 2c No. 28 and lighter, 36 in. wide, IC, 14 x 20 $14.25 

long 48 in. Out of Town American Seed 

20c higher IX, 14 x 20 16.25 

and to at $1.46 to $1.51 Corrugated Roofing—Galvanized— IXX, 14 x 20 18.00 

less 96.in. Spirits Turpentine- 

2J_ in. corrugations, 30 per 100 lbs. IXXX, 14 x 20 19.75 

sq. ft. sq. ft. In Machine Bbl $1.61 over flat sheets. 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 21.50 

10 in. wide and under 6c 7c PUTTY— 


10 in. to 36 in. wide... 5c 6c Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c Prices quoted on application. Prime, 14 x 20 in.: 

Over 36 in. wide 8c 9c In 1-lb to 5-lb. tins, 6.00 to 7.35c 2J_-in. Corrugation 

80-lb $11.80 

Planished, lj_c per sq. ft. more REGISTERS— 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

90-lb 1L90 


Cast Iron 10% No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

100-lb 12.00 

Bottom, Pitts and Flats, 24 oz. Semi-Steel or Steel, in Black for No. 26, per 100 sq. ft. 

IC 12.25 

base and heavier, per lb 38c White Japan or Electro plate and No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

IX 13.25 


Small Faces and Borders 20% SLATE ROOFING— 

IXX 14.25 

long 

Wall Frames 20% F. O. B. cars, Quarry Station. IXXX 15.25 

and Over Large Faced, 14 x 14 in. and 


less 96.in. larger 40% 

According Terne Platesq. 

ft. sq. ft. Base Board Registers 20% Pennsylvania— to size Small lots, 8-lb. Coating: 

20 in. wide and under 5c 6c Base Board Intakes 20% Best Bangor $8.00 to $11.00 100-lb., 14 x 20 $9.35 

Over 20 in. to 48 in. wide 6c 7c White Enameled Goods 5% No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 IC. 14 x 20 9.50 

Over 48 in. wide 7c 8c Solid Brass or Bronze Goods, ex Pen Argyl 7 75 to 8.25 IX, 14 x 20 10.50 


cept Grilles Net Peach Bottom 10.50 to 12.50 IC, !4 x 20 Stamped and Re 

Galvanized—Toncan or ingot, 25% Grilles in Black and White Japan No. 1 Chapman 7.75 to 8.75 squared: 

Galvanized steel 40% or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain Vermont— 


Copper 10% Lattice, Design. Smaller than No. 1 Sea Green $5.00 to $8.50 15-lb. Coating 11.75 


14 x 14 in., 



Prices on application Red 22.00 30-lb. Coating 13.50 

CHARCOAL STOVE PIPE ROOFING MATERIAL 

Maine— 



ELBOWS- 


M. F. Grade 13.50 

Walter's and Cooper's $102.00 No. 1 Metal Shingles $14.00 40-lb Coating 15.00 

NO. 1 No. 2 No. 3 

per roll, 108 sq. ft. Slaters felt, 30-lb roll 2.00 WASTE COTTON— 

4 in $4.00 $3 90$ 2.75 2-Ply Tarred Paper $1.60 


45. in 4.10 3.95 2.85 3-Ply Tarred Paper 2.00 SOLDER— 

ZINC SHEETS— The 


'.'• to 5_ guaranteed 38c Western Slabs 10-llc 

Prices on application No. 1 .35c Sheets Shingles 

No. 9 base casks . ...14..C 

Roofing Pitch, per ton $30.00 Refined 30c 


That Last 

The 

Shingles 

That Last 

The Mo.st Complete Line of Designs The Best Material, Workmanship and Finish 

Made in Painted Tin or Genuine Re-dipped



The Magazine foT 


.LORAL PARK, N. Y., SEPTEMBER 3, 19^0. 



VOLUME 94, Xo. 10 


TO MONEY IN THE BANK 

N E W service to the industries served by METAL WORKER, PLUMBER 

AXD STEAM FITTER begins in telling tliose engaged in them the facts 

about getting people to buy what they need so that whether there is 

building activity or not there will be prosperity in the lines in which 

readers are engaged. This service has been announced so that all read 

ers could be prepared to profit thereform. It will be presented weekly for some 

time. 

This service may be readily utilized by all those connected with the industries 

in any capacity and will qualify men to so present a proposition a.s to insure its ac 

ceptance or prove the foundation for future business. 

As strong a.s i.s the Yankee trait to barter, the exactions of modern business 

have dulled its edge and there i.s a general feeling of the need to encourage the de 

velopment of a true salesmanship among the tradesmen who come in direct con 

tact with the final buyer, man or woman. 

The matter is so simple that the outcome i.s certain, but it has been deemed 

advisable to adopt the "continued dropping which wears away the stone' plan so 

that the final impression will be deep enough to be effective wherever it reaches. 

The first of these articles is presented on the next page and the reader is urged 

to devote attention to them so that he may participate in the benefit that will 

come to all industries served by METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

when concerted action gets under way.

302 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTE It SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 

In Your Home Town 

Most Trade Is Done by the Go-getter 

Prosperity Is Enjoyed by the Man Who Industriously Tells 

Folks Their Needs and How Easy It Is to Satisfy Them 

This is the first article of the series 

whose purpose it is to help the tradesman 

over the ruts on the road to success. He 

should make it a point to keep reading up 

on selling, merchandising, display, cost 

keeping, estimating, overhead, as our serial 

on these vital matters appears and be 

a winner. Trade leaders know tliat such 

information is indispensable to success 

and want more of it printed. They say, 

"Do not stop; keep telling about it." 

Have You Made People Feel" That 

You Are Necessary Or — Negligible ? 

IN SEVERAL, PARTS—PART I 

G O into some nearby town and ask who is the 

leading man in any line and what particular 

method he follows to attain success. You cannot 

spend a day or two to better advantage than in 

hunting up these fellows whom the banks favor and 

the people give their orders to. Do not try to get this 

information at home; you will not learn as much and 

you will not have that respect for what you learn 

which will compel you to adopt a method and carry it 

out all the way to the end. 

You will be better qualified to make the trip and to 

do the investigating if a few hints are given for consideration. 

If you know the successful men in your 

own line, so much the better. Have a talk with them; 

they will be glad to tell you some things they carry 

out, no matter how much energy is required. 

The individual effort and alertness to find out what 

people need and will buy or the untiring energy to 

provide these things require a man to get among those 

who live around him to learn and know. 

USE ENERGY WHERE IT PAYS 

Personal acquaintance is an asset. He who knows 

everybody and speaks well of them is a reputation that 

means money to a business man. You can have it by 

continually keeping the desirability in mind and striving 

for such a reputation. Let nothing bother you to 

show your temper, but meet the most exasperating 

experience with a smile and show people you have a 

resourcefulness to make everything that starts wrong 

come out right. 

Now about that visit. Its whole purpose is to make 

you realize the necessity of salesmanship, of merchandising, 

of getting in the business. See if there is a 

method about the shops where you call. Learn if the 

owner has a system about the management of himself, 

of his men and of his stock. Inquire if he does every 

thing himself or has trusted help who relieve 

him of minor details so that lie can 

give his time to hunting for business. 

Seeing people, giving information to 

tliose who will soon need service for good, 

ind telling a buyer what is required, the 

best materials and methods of using them, 

and then closing the deal, is work for the 

head of the enterprise. He cannot hire 

other people to do this kind of work. 

See if this man advertises in the local 

papers in addition to such personal work as 

outlined, which is good advertising and must be done. 

Does he use circulars in addition to the newspapers? 

Does he have a list of architects, of builders, of property 

owners and of people who live in houses? Does 

he send to each periodically a calendar, a post-card, 

a letter or news item about some fine work he has 

done ? Does he make it a point to give one evening a 

week to his books to correctly know his overhead expense 

and the cost of doing business, how much stock 

he has; what it is worth; how much he used last year 

and what it cost; how much he will need for contracts 

and regular trade and the price he is likely to have to 

pay; how prices are changing in order to judge the 

trend of the market? 

See how he keeps his office. Is it neat and attractive 

or dingy and dusty and repulsive? Does he keep 

his catalogs clean and convenient for reference when 

making an estimate and showing a customer what he 

proposes to use on a job? Does he display any goods? 

Does he keep the display clean? Does he change it 

frequently or with the season? Is he a former workman 

or a business man who has informed himself 

thoroughly on the line of trade he is doing so he can 

make a customer see the necessity of paying the right 

price and using the right goods to avoid cheating 

himself. 

KNOWLEDGE GIVES CONFIDENCE AND POWER 

These are a few things, and if a man keeps them in 

mind, diligently hunts and finds the correct answers to 

them, he will soon be able, no matter who the buyer is 

or how shrewd the Customer may be to give in a dignified 

way that information which will inspire the respect 

of the customer and go a long way toward securing 

the order. It is just such preparation as this that the 

business man must have in addition to his skill as a 

mechanic if he is to get a lion's share of the trade 

that is going.

SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND Si'EAM FITTER 303 

Now that 3 T ou have read this far, are there any 

questions you want to ask? Send them in and answers 

to them will be found from men who have 

tried various experiments and know the answers to 

almost anything that may be asked. 

Do not be discouraged if you have conducted business 

along different lines from those suggested by the 

questions and ideas presented here. But rather devote 

yourself to acquiring the art of meeting the best 

people in town with a smile and with dignity so that 

vou can impress them with the idea that you know 

more about your line of business than anybody else 

or as much as the majority and are prepared to give 

that information in such a way as to inspire their confidence 

and secure their orders. This is as much preparation 

for attaining success as learning a trade is to 

the apprentice who wants to have a means of making 

a living. What you will learn now that you are a successful 

practical tradesman and engaged in a business 

for success as a business man is of imperative importance. 

It should be the occasion for a diligent application 

to master the methods of successful men. 

Any man who determines on acquiring such qualifications 

can do it, although he may not do it in the 

first year. But if he is determined, lays his plans and 

adheres to them, it will not be many years before there 

is an evidence of his success in the amount of business 

coming his way. Until this matter has been thoroughly 

thought over, reflected upon, considered pro 

and con, a man is not qualified to be the go-getter of 

his town and walk off with the best contracts and the 

best trade. 

GETTING ORDERS THE ONE THING INDISPENSABLE 

A man may have a shop and materials but if he has 

no orders he has no business. So the most important 

thing is neither the materials, the shop nor the workmen, 

but the orders to do something. Many men 

have started business only with a kit of tools and their 

capital a shoe string. Their success can be in every 

instance traced to their ability to impress customers, 

to secure orders and then execute the work, but always 

at a profit. 

If you are naturally diffident, make a change. Cultivate 

the art of meeting people by going to gatherings 

where people congregate, whether it be a church meeting, 

a fair, a lodge meeting or any other gathering of 

people. Make it a point to participate in the work. 

Get on a committee to do something. Aid the man 

who is on the committee if you are not. You will 

soon be looked upon as "one of the gang" and they 

will remember you when there are favors to be bestowed. 

It will give you an opportunity to tell the 

fellow you meet at church when he goes home to go 

around the other way and look at what you are doing 

for Mr. Jones. 

A perfect knowledge of your business and of the 

nice work you are doing for someone will enable you 

to bring it to the attention of some person who is a 

stranger to your customer. ' And you will be in position 

to invite him to come and look at the work after 

consent has been secured from your customer. You 

may be the means of establishing a friendship between 

two people when making a striking contrast between 

the fine equipment you are installing for the one customer 

with the equipment from which the other cus 

tomer suffers, and which you have recommended be 

abandoned. 

Keep busy meeting people and telling them about 

things you know they would enjoy if they possessed. 

Go get the reputation of being the livest tradesman 

in the town. 

Oxweld Opens San Francisco Branch 

The Oxweld Acetylene Co., the world's largest manufacturers 

of oxy-acetylene welding and cutting apparatus, 

has established Pacific Coast sales and distributing 

headquarters at San Francisco, with offices 

at 1077 Mission Street. Additional sales representatives' 

offices are maintained at the following points: 

Los Angeles, 646 Maple Avenue; Salt Lake City, 908 

Hearns Building; Portland, 90 First Street; Seattle, 

433 Pioneer Building. Leo Romney, with headquarters 

at San Francisco, is Pacific sales manager. 

The territory embraces the states of Washington, 

Oregon, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, California, Nevada and 

the counties of Lincoln, Sweetwater and Uintah, in 

Wyoming. This territory was formerly served from 

Chicago and Los Angeles. Removal of headquarters 

to San Francisco was made necessary to secure a more 

central location for supplying the company's rapidly 

growing business in the Pacific states where Oxweld 

apparatus is extensively used in the metal industries 

and shipyards. 

The export department of the company, which was 

formerly located at its factory in Newark, N. J., has 

been removed to the Carbide and Carbon Building, 30 

East Forty-second Street, New York City. The department 

has been reorganized and is now under the 

direction of R. G. Noble, who will co-operate with the 

general sales department of the company. 

Recipe from an Old Scrap Book

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3 

New Ownership and New Plans 

for This Journal 

Another marker has been reached by this journal. Another stake has been 

rounded. Full sail is now being set for the final goal—Success. A few days 

ago the ownership of this journal passed to Edwin A. Scott, formerlv its managing 

editor, but for the past four years publisher of SHEET METAL, a specialized 

monthly trade journal for the sheet metal and warm-air furnace industries. 

He has organized the Edwin A. Scott Publishing Co., Inc., to carry on the 

work of these two journals under a plan which promises to accomplish much for 

the industries which these two journals serve. 

The New Organization 

The nev/ company has been organized with 

the modern idea of co-operation as its founda 

tion. Mr. Scott is at the head of the new enter 

prise for the simple reason that his experience 

of several years as editor and publisher quali 

fies him to be the one fitted for the position. He 

will, however, have associated with him the 

former editors and editorial staff of this jour 

nal and the majority of the former business and 

office staffs of both journals which are now 

owned by the Edwin A. Scott Publishing Co., 

Inc., and in addition thereto, other talent which 

will add to the service of the new organization. 

Details of all plans of operation have thus far 

not been completely worked out but it can be 

announced at this time that every employee will 

share financially in the earnings of the new 

conipany. 

Two Specialized Journals 

The plan is to consolidate and amalgamate 

the sheet metal and furnace departments of this 

journal with SHEET METAL, the monthly trade 

journal heretofore published by Mr. Scott, as a 

specialized journal for the warm-air furnace 

heating and sheet metal industries, and issue a 

new journal to be known as SHEET METAL 

WORKER, which, it will be noted, is a happy 

combination of part of the names of the two 

journals. The plumbing, ventilating, steam 

and hot-water heating sections of this journal 

are to be published as a separate and specialized 

journal for these industries. This paper will be 

known as PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER, which 

will also be noted, is part of the present name 

of this magazine. These journals will be pub 

lished on alternate weeks. The first issue of 

SHEET METAL WORKER is to be dated October 

1; with the first number of PLUMBER AND 

STEAM FITTER appearing on October 8, and all 

issues thereafter ever other week. This, it is 

deemed, will be welcomed by many subscribers. 

for it means specisticity. The man who is inter 

ested at present only in plumbing, steam and 

hot water heating will get his reading in a 

specialized bi-weekly trade paper edited espe 

cially for such men as himself. Instead of get 

ting say 15 pages of articles of interest served 

to him every week mixed in with other reading 

matter of interest only to men engaged in other 

lines of work he will now get 30 pages of read 

ing matter of direct interest every other week. 

Similarly the man engaged in the sheet metal 

field will receive twice as much reading matter 

in a specialized paper every other week in place 

of getting a paper devoted to half plumbing and 

steam fitting and half sheet metal and furnace 

every week. Likewise the man interested in both 

branches of the building trades will fare equally 

as well as at present for in the course of a year 

he will receive just as many pages of reading 

matter pertaining to both trades as at present, 

and in fact, the indications are that he will 

profit to a greater extent as the result of being 

served by two specialized journals. In short, 

the new combination gives assurance that no 

subscriber to this journal will lose in the least

SEPTEMBER 3, 19.1) METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 305 

but on the contrary is to profit materially by 

the amalgamation. The head of the new com 

pany has demonstrated by the conduct of his 

journal during the past four years that there 

are great opportunities for rendering real help 

ful service to the trade through the conduct of a 

specialized journal. 

Plans and Policies 

might be stated that just as this announcement 

The new company is founded on the idea that 

is being written there has been placed on the 

the path to real success in trade paper publish 

editor's desk what appears to be a most compreing 

is founded on service to the reader above all 

hensive and promising treatise on estimating 

else. The directing heads of the new organiza 

both plumbing and sheet metal work. If this 

tion are imbued with this idea and it is the 

proves as good as it seems on a hurried examina 

keystone in all their plans and hopes of the 

tion it will in itself be a service not to be 

future. It will be the aim not only of the 

ashamed of. Naturally then the new publishing 

editorial but of every department of the new 

company has great hopes and aspirations for the 

organization to search out and give publicity to 

future. The issues right from the start will 

every factor which makes for trade extension 

embody some of the new features; others may 

and greater success to the individuals in the in 

have to wait, as certain obligations contracted 

dustries served. The combination of these two 

under the former management must be naturally 

journals makes commercially possible the main fulfilled before the new owner may go ahead 

tenance of a larger organization than with the 

with a fresh hand. Criticism, both adverse, 

two papers published by individual owners, and when there is occasion for such, and favorable, 

the increased power of the new and larger will be welcomed at all times, as will also 

organization will be reflected in an increased suggestions for improvement in the service 

service to readers. Some of the plans have rendered bv the journals. Readers are invited 

already been matured, with others being worked to look upon them as a central bureau of infor 

out. As an example of the former, it may be mation—a source of free information to which 

announced that it is planned in the new journals they may apply for help on any problem they 

to publish market reports from Chicago. Pitts may encounter, be it one of knowing where to 

burgh, Boston, Philadelphia and New York, thus procure some articles, or of solving some shop, 

giving the readers a comprehensive survey of office or job problem. If the information is not 

market conditions with each issue. An additional readily available, this organization will under 

service planned is in an industrial sheet metal take to procure it for the one who inquiries. 

department which is to be conducted in the sheet This is right along the idea of its policy of 

metal journal, through which readers will be service to its readers, and the more frequently 

brought in touch with the production methods 

devised by the efficiency engineer of the large 

factory and the industrial sheet metal field given 

a regular service which it has heretofore not 

enjoyed. In this way the architectural sheet 

metal man may study the scientific methods 

which the large producer has worked oul for 

economical production of his work and the in 

dustrial sheet metal worker keep more closely 

in touch with progress in his fields. A third 

feature of both of the new papers is an industrial 

educational department, the object of which will 

be lo foster and promote teaching of the trade 

to mechanics. If space permitted, several other 

plans might be outlined, but let it suffice at this 

future. The issues right from the start will 

and helpful features are being prepared, and 

it may safely be predicted that other features 

will be coming up for consideration continu 

ously. In substantiation of this statement, it 

it gets the opportunity to serve its readers 

through its free information bureau the more 

heartily it will be pleased. It may not too 

strongly be emphasized that the new organiza 

tion is founded on the highest of ideals in the 

trade paper publishing field and it aims to make 

the inception of these ideals mark a new era 

in the fields served by the two journals which 

it is to publish. It hopes to succeed as it deserves 

in proportion to its ability to live up to those 

ideals in its every day work.

30G 

METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTESI: 

Responsibility and Opportunity 

of Heads of Industrial Enterprises 

Because Something Has Never Been Done Is Often the 

Best Reason for Studying It and Then Doing It to 

Make Success More Widely Attainable — Because 

It Will Draw Upon Energy Is No Reason for 

Shirking the Work If It Is Really Worth Doing 

BY FRANK K. CHEW 

T H E opinion is becoming more confirmed in my 

mind that the leaders of all enterprises have a 

responsibility to the field in which they work that 

has never been discharged, and some ideas in reference 

to it are presented hereafter. The men who sit 

in the private office and only come in contact with 

those who direct the superintendents and men in 

charge of different departments are like lookers-on 

who see most of the game. This is the reason they 

should give from tlieir observations the same stimulus 

that the coaches give from their experience and observation 

in the development of a winning team in 

athletic sports. 

As more responsibilities are thrust upon the "old 

man," as he is affectionately called behind his back, 

he is necessarily withdrawn from contact with his 

working corps and with his customers. In his position, 

however, information of all sorts is brought to 

him. When he meets men in similar positions in his 

own or other lines, he discusses with them matters 

that, if generally known, would eventually have an 

influence upon tlie trade in the field. Often they discuss 

bad practices that should be eliminated; they discuss 

plans which should be carried out. But from the 

very fact that they only discuss them among themselves, 

those who are absolutely essential to their realization 

never hear of these ideals, aims and purposes, 

and the industry with which they are identified fails 

to receive the benefit of their wisdom. 

THE MESSAGE DOES NOT REACH GARCIA 

Sometimes these leaders are invited to speak at dinners 

attended by men in the field, but under the constraint 

they fail to impart that information which 

they might well give without any disadvantage to 

any one, and which they privately discuss. And still 

the message does not reach Garcia. 

In the homely phrase this is "too bad." It is possibly 

due to the fact that the wliole idea is a little 

different in its viewpoint from that generally accepted. 

But from what has already been read and 

said, can it not be seen that if the best whicli each 

one could give were given, the influence would be 

powerful for good in its effect? Then why does not 

some expression of these weightier thoughts and important 

matters find its way where it would be productive 

of good? 

This is the responsibility of the heads ot enter 

prises—to get before all who are essential to accomplishing 

any important and desirable purpose the 

whole matter so a united movement for wholly commendable 

things may be carried to a successful result. 

HOW SHALL THIS BE DONE? 

This may well be done; the opportunity is not wanting. 

In fact, it has been at the elbow of men who 

had the information, but in later years in some industries 

has not been recognized or utilized. 

In the privacy of his office, undisturbed by outside 

influences, a leader might well formulate his ideas and 

preserve them in typewritten form. He could send 

them to any one of the trade papers in the various 

fields for presentation. Such is the opportunity which 

has been too much neglected. If the ideas are of such 

a nature that the leader would desire the use of his 

name in connection with them, in many instances it 

would give them force. There are other times when" 

he would prefer to do as a leader occasionally is found 

doing, though an exception to the general rule, and 

that is to use a nom de plume. And soon that nom 

de plume would have weight in the field where the 

ideas presented were found to be practicable or to 

require too great an innovation to secure general adop 

tion when first presented. The nom de plume would 

prevent the antagonism that might naturally result 

from recommendations for which the field was not 

ready and which might entail more expense in the 

preparation than the industry would feel justified in 

bearing. 

Then again, there must be times when there would 

be no desire for a signature or a nom de plume, but 

the information might be presented as if prepared by 

the staff of the journal in which it appears. Nevertheless, 

it is the journal with its wide circulation in the 

industry that affords the opportunity for the leaders 

of enterprises to discharge their responsibility to it. 

NINE HUNDRED MEN FELT RESPONSIBLE 

In some measure it was the recognition of this responsibility 

that took 900 men from east of the Mississippi 

River to California recently to attend the 

National Foreign Trade Council. The purposes they 

had in mind could not be accomplished individually 

and it was necessary for some united action. The 

pursuance of a similar course in allied or separate in- 


SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 307 

Typical English Bathroom Equipment 

Modern Conveniences Coming More Widely into Use 

Method of Installation Designed for Service 

BY JOHN Y. DUNLOP 

T H E bathroom is now recognized as an indispensable 

supplementary in every house above a certain 

standard of moderate importance and in larger 

houses several are required throughout England. Even 

in small suites of residential rooms, such as are called 

flats, and in ordinary bedroom suites of family residences, 

a separate bathroom is now provided. 

The bathroom in England is generally a small compartment 

containing a reclining bath and a washstand 

with a water-closet accessible. In the case of the 

small villa and cottage houses the bath, washstand and 

water-closet are all in the one apartment. Both of 

those arrangements are shown in the illustration together 

with the different methods of dealing with the 

sanitary apparatus. 

The English water-closet with its sanitarv apparatus 

is an institute of world-wide repute and the reason 

for it is that English architects are verv careful 

to see that closet apartments and bathroom apartments 

are sufficiently lighted and certainly adequately 

ventilated. They are not placed anywhere that may 

happen to offer itself, but invariably against an outside 

wall and especially is the risk of flooding some 

important ceiling avoided. 

In small houses there is not much chance of a choice 

of floors but where it is possible all the water-closets, 

bathrooms, housemaid sinks and wash and water place 

of every kind are set one above the other so that in 

case of accident they shall not damage any otlier part 

of the liouse. This arrangement enables "the plumber 

to install a sanitary outfit without disturbing the house 

at large. 

Regarding the position of these apartments the 

English feeling of delicacy dictates privacy throughout. 

Therefore the principal passages of the house 

are avoided as much as possible and in every case 

there is a window on an outside wall. Skylights are 

considered objectionable and borrowed lights are not 

to be thought of. 

One of the principal fittings of the bathroom or an 

accessory to it is the water-closet and the principal 

type in this country i.s the wash-down with a flushing 

cistern immediately above. In these water-closets the 

flushing rim to the bowl, the flushing cistern and the 

flushing pipe play a most important part and the 

method of fixing is a matter for careful consideration. 

The plumber too often has taken it for granted 

that certain makes of closet bowls are perfect in every 

riTTinqs. Dsqusn bATMRpon ••*-"CAJ_LOF. UEAO 

LIMED COLD WATTA CisTERTf 

OF IJATHROOr. 

w. c PLANS AND ELEVATIONS SHOWING TYPICAL FITTINGS IN AN ENGLISH BATHROOM

308 METAL WORKER, PLUMB BER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 

particular and all that is necessary is to connect basin the when the branch connection is over 3 ft. long. 

supply pipe to the cistern, fix the flushing pipe and Baths are made of porcelain flreclav and enamelled 

connect the fixture to the soil pipe. That, of course, iron. The type of bath most commonly used is made 

is not exactly so in countries where the flushing cis of iron with the interior coated with vitreous enamel 

tern i.s above the closet as the height of the flushing and is generally known as Roman pattern. These two 

cistern can only be determined by due consideration baths shown in the illustration have the waste of a 

to the mechanism of the cistern, the shape of the bowl standard pattern which also acts as an overflow. A 

and the diameter of the flushing pipe. If the cistern trap is fixed immediately behind and the bath plug is 

is too low the bowl and trap will not be sufficiently raised by a lever or knob which can readily be re 

scoured and flushed. If it is too high, the water will moved for cleaning. The bath is also provided with 

splash on the floor, wetting the seat and making the a shower which is of a skeleton form, the supply to the 

apparatus uncomfortable for those who are to use it. shower ring being led up the wall to the required 

As a general rule it may be said that no 2-gal. cis height. 

tern is too strong to clean out a wash-down closet The waste connection in most of the baths is made 

bowl. But as the bowls of this class of closets vary sufficiently large to discharge from 30 to .0 gal. in 

considerably in shape and size as well as in the quan about 1% min. For this purpose a 2-in. pipe is 

tity of water allowed to stand in the bowl, some judg generally used which must give a free and unobment 

is required on the part of the plumber in structed water way. 

fitting up. 

The question of waste discharge from a bath leads 

BRASS AND IRON FLUSH PIPES 

naturally to the question of utilization of bath wastes 

for the flushing of drains. While the discharge of 

Some manufacturers in England at the present from 30 to 40 gal. of water is undoubtedly of much 

time are supplying their water-closet bowls and cis value in scouring out the drains, its value will necesterns 

with flushing pipes of brass and iron made of the sarily be increased or diminished as the size and ar 

exact diameter and length to give the best flush. That, rangement of the pipes are carefully or carelessly 

of course, has certain advantages over the old system considered. For this reason the question of free 

of lead flushing pipes which were so common in Eng water way in outlet gratings and waste pipes of sufland 

at one time when every plumber tried his own ficient and regular size are well worth careful con 

hand at designing those important connections of the sideration. 

water-closet bowls. 

In the waste pipe a different arrangement is shown 

The diameter and construction of the flush pipe according to the position of the fitting. Both, how 

is a verv important bit of work for the plumber beever, have their vent pipe. 

cause some siphon cisterns will not work satisfac In the bathroom which has the separate watertorily 

with a 1%-in. pipe while others work better closet the waste from the bath is taken straight to 

with a iy2-in. than a l^-in. pipe. 

the waste pipe on the outside of the wall, while the 

As a general rule the English plumber arranges waste from the basin is taken into the side of the bath 

his work so that the size of pipe which he uses will waste. The water pipe to the basin is carried across 

be fully charged with water when the cistern is in into the corner of the bathroom and from there rises 

action. When the water supplying the cistern will upward through the roof. 

only rise a short distance in the bowl, the diameter In the combined apartment a sketch of the waste 

of the flush pipe must be enlarged accordingly. In pipe on the outside of the wall is shown with the con 

such cases 2 and 3 in. in diameter may be necessary, nection for the bath and the continuation of the waste 

but in every case as much water as possible should be to the basin trap where it rises to the ceiling and is 

obtained as it is the momentum of the falling water taken across and connected to the waste again 

which is required to clean the bowl and the trap 

rather than the actual volume of water poured into 

higlier up. 

them. 

At one time in England pipes % and 1 in. in 

diameter were generally used, but the most common 

size of flushing pipe to-day is IV2 in. 

The height of the cistern above the bowl will greatly 

modify the size of the flush pipe. When the height 

is under 5 ft. the pipe cannot be less than ll/2 in. in 

diameter; from 5 to 8 ft., l^-in. pipe may be used and 

above 8 ft. 1-in. pipe will give good results. 

The flushing pipes should be made with easy bends 

and should never dip below the flushing arm of the 

closet so as to hold water or form a trap. 

The connection from the closet bowl is taken directly 

into the soil stack, which receives no other 

kind of waste and is linked up to the drain untrapped. 

In this way all soil pipes in this country are drain 

ventilators. Where the closet is set against the external 

wall, as shown in both plans, there is no antisiphon 

pipe required, as most the sanitary by-laws in 

England demand that only a ventilation pipe shall 

be taken off a water-closet or a bath or a wash hand- 

HOT AND COLD WATER SUPPLY 

These baths are each fitted with cold and hot-water 

supply. Usually the hot and cold and the return pipe. 

for the hot water system are taken up the same pipe 

way. This recess is shown in the wall and the arrangement 

is given of how the hot supply is continued 

forward to supply the towel rail and the return 

pipe to the flow returning to the boiler. 

The hot water for the bathroom and other fittings 

in the English home is usually supplied through the 

kitchen coal fired heater and from this copper boiler 

which is shown in the illustration the hot water is 

stored in a 60-gal. cylinder which is usually set about 

the ceiling level of the floor which contains the water 

heating apparatus. 

A small automatic cistern in the roof supplies the 

cold water for the system, so that as soon as the hot 

water is being drawn off the cold water is finding 

its way in at the bottom of the cylinder. Of course 



Where Boilers Can Best Be Used 

and Should 

Because of Positive Circulation They Are Particularly 

Adapted For Buildings of the Rambling Type— 

They May Be Adapted to Low Cost Structures 

RE you aware that many houses 

are so planned that for heating 

them the cast iron sectional type 

of house-heating boiler should be 

used and the well-informed men 

throughout the country who, 

tlirougli necessity, install all 

kinds of lieating outfits, not only 

know it but recommend the steam 

boiler or the hot water lieater 

where it is best adapted for the 

service required ? 

Most buildings may well be 

lieated with any of the popular 

methods that have demonstrated their efficiency so 

that comparison is a waste of time. It is simply a 

matter of cost or preference which system is used, 

but tliere are other buildings in which the circulation 

of steam or hot water has positive advantages. There 

are some characteristics peculiar to heating with boilers 

that have given them a well-merited prestige. 

DEFIES OLD BOREAS 

The location of the house, the direction of the wind 

and all the vagaries of the weather are set at naught 

by the fact that steam or hot water circulate through 

the radiator wherever it is located. If the calculations 

of the requirements have been made correctly and 

with judgment, the radiator will be large enough to 

make the room warm whether it is near the boiler or 

as far away as it may be necessan' to place it. The 

customer may well be -assured of this as a fact on 

which he can rely. 

Here is where the personality of the lieating contractor 

and his conversancy with the methods recommended 

will go a long way in inducing his customer 

to select what is recommended and place the order. 

There are several factors that have a controlling influence 

on the service which a heating plant renders. 

These largely depend on the contractor, his ability, 

his experience and the care which he gives to both 

the design and installation of each plant he erects. 

He must know how to judge the character of the liouse 

to be heated. If it is an old house, he must visit it 

so as to be able to consider the material, frame, brick, 

cement block, etc., and the looseness of the doors and 

windows, the general construction. 

POSSESSION OF THE KNOW-HOW 

Observation and experience will enable him to tell 

whether 10, 15 or 20 per cent more boiler capacity 

and radiator surface will be needed in one house than 

what would serve in another. If he is estimating from 

a set of plans, he must have some idea of the character 

of the building, whether it will be good and tight, 

or so loose in construction that for diversion the owner 

could well fly a kite in his parlor or any other principal 

room. 

When the heating contractor knows these things, 

he can correctly compute the amount of radiation 

required and the tax it will put on the boiler, whether 

it is for steam or hot water lieating. A loosely constructed 

building will allow sufficient air to leak in 

and out to make a radiator of a given amount of surface 

condense twice as much steam or cool twice as 

much water a.s the same size radiator would require 

in a tightly constructed house of good construction. 

Therefore the vital question of the wliole matter is 

in sizing up the house construction correctly and getting 

the radiators of the right size for the work to be 

done. This is not a matter of guess nor is it a matter 

entirely of computation. The elements of personal 

skill, judgment and experience are invaluable and the 

heating contractor who possesses these should recognize 

his duty to the people in his community to make 

them aware that he is thoroughly competent to accomplish 

the result his customer desires. 

PIPE SIZES AND RADIATOR EXPOSURE 

There is a great deal of importance in the way the 

piping is run and the size used for given work. If 

the radiator is placed in a bay window where it will 

condense rapidly, it must have a large supply pipe 

and provision must be made to return a larger amount 

of condensation or cool water than if the radiator is 

set under different conditions, where it would be in an 

inner room on an inner wall and the condensation or 

cooling effect would be very much reduced. So again, 

the radiation enters into the determination of the size 

of the piping and the manner in which it is run. 

Tliere are at the disposal of the heating contractor 

various methods of installing hot water heating systems 

as is indicated in the serial article that has been 

running in METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FIT 

TER for some time back. Tliere is an equal variety 

of methods of installing a steam lieating plant and the 

vapor and vacuum plants also have characteristics 

which adapt them for special service with which the 

heating contractor must be familiar if he is to recommend 

the system best adapted to the needs of his 

customer. 

Many of the troubles experienced with heating: 

plants,"whether steam or hot water, have been due to 

air pockets because there was an insufficient rise^ for 

the piping and on account of the slight pitch. Without 

the aid of a spirit level and care to support the 

pipes properly, there is likely to be a dip here and 

there which will cause an air pocket and a water 

pocket. 

In steam jobs, the condensation of the steam in the

310 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 

radiators will create a vacuum which will draw the 

water from a water pocket with a hammering, noisy 

effect that is objectionable. In a hot water job the 

air will collect in the pockets and so reduce the amount 

of space through whicli water can circulate as to make 

it impossible for the radiator to heat properly. 

Air is one of the enemies of the heating contractor 

and his piping must be so run as to be free from air 

and permit it to escape cither through the air valves 

of the strain radiator or the piping system of a hot 

water plant. Air plays such an important part in the 

heating that unless it is thoroughly eliminated from 

the radiators, the lieating effect may be reduced to 

the extent that it occupies space in the pipes and in the 

radiators. Too little attention has been paid to this 

fact by many in the heating business and this is an 

explanation of the trouble whicli the experts are called 

upon to locate and remove. 

Air valves are something that should be selected 

with the idea of the value of their service rather than 

their price. The heating contractor with a reputation 

and an ability is not the man who buys the cheapest 

air valves on the market but the cheap buyer is very 

apt to be the man about whose heating systems there 

is a complaint. 

It is very clear that when the radiators are of a 

sufficient size and the piping between them and the 

boiler is correctly lined and of j-roper proportion that 

the service rendered by the boiler will be economical 

and satisfactory if the right size is selected. 

NO TROUBLE TO SELECT THE RIGHT BOILER 

There is little difficulty among the competent men 

in the selection of the right size boiler for the work 

in these days, regardless of the manner in which 

boilers are rated. The competent man ean unerringly 

select a boiler which is amply qualified for the service 

WHERE HEATING BOILERS MAY BE PURCHASED 

he expects of it. When the right boiler is selected, it 

is essential that some member of the household shall 

be thoroughly informed as to the method of operation 

and see to it that the boiler is so operated. This is 

for the double purpose of saving fuel in these days 

when the price of fuel is high and the effect on the 

poeketbook is so severe that there is likelihood of careful 

attention being given to instructions on the methods 

of firing and operating the boiler. No better advertisement 

can be had than to circulate at the beginning 

of the fall season cards giving directions for the general 

management of the fires in house heating plants. 

With the radiators of the right size, the piping of 

the right size and properly run, the service of a boiler 

is sure to be satisfactory because the steam generated 

in it must go to the point where condensation draws 

more steam to fill the space which the former steam 

occupied. In consequence, where the radiator is in the 

north end of the building at the end of a long, rambling 

construction plan, the radiator will be heated and the 

room will be lieated accordingly. 

This leaves the owner or the contractor to select 

from many different types of boilers now on the market 

the one that is peculiarly adapted to the requirements 

of the customer and the building. Some boilers 

are better adapted for one fuel than another, some 

will fire for a longer period and there are other factors 

which the competent heating contractor is thoroughly 

informed of. This enables him to make a recommendation 

to the customer with unerring correctness. 

Responsibility and Opportunity of 

Heads of Industrial Enterprises 


dustries that they recognize as too important to leave 

neglected is equally important but without a convention 

it can be accomplished through the trade press. 

The type of the men who attended the Foreign 

Trade Council in San Francisco marked them as leaders 

in their particular field. That they were willing 

to discuss matters of world interest and of interest to 

the United States as a country, separated from their 

individual commercial interests, is evidence that they 

recognized that they had a responsibility to industry. 

They utilized the opportunity of meeting together to 

thresh out the views, plans, recommendations and purposes 

so that they could move in the same direction, 

even if a well-defined line of action was not so clearly 

marked out that all might follow it. Their responsibility 

was recognized even though a great deal of liberty 

of action to reach the desired end must be taken. 

THEY RECOGNIZED THE OPPORTUNITY AFFORDED BY 

THE PRESS 

The most cordial welcome was extended to the representatives 

of the various technical and other journals 

in order that the widest publicity should be given to 

the commendable purpose which brought the men together. 

In all of the fields to which METAL WORKER, 

PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER is devoted there are leaders 

who might well give careful consideration to the 

preparation of a contribution of some nature at least 

once a month that could be presented in one journal 

or another in accordance with its fitness to the field 

and greatly facilitate the achievements of the purposes 

which the industry agrees would be most valuable. It 

is to encourage just such use of the opportunities 

which the trade papers afford that this article has 

been prepared. 

The utmost confidence may be reposed by the leader 

who desires to keep under cover when it is most 

practical, that his identity shall not be made public. 

Every consideration will be given to those who may be 

desirous of utilizing the opportunity to discharge their 

responsibility in some measure in their charge.

SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTEK 311 

The Story of The Rolling of Zinc Sheets 

An Industry That Few Years Ago Amounted to Little in 

United States Is Fast Assuming Great Importance—An 

Interesting Account of the Process of Zinc Production 

F O R more than a 

century the use of 

zinc sheets in Europe 

has been general. 

Besides the use of the 

metal for lining refrigerators 

and the making 

of containers for vegetable 

products, zinc 

sheets have been in 

general use for roofing 

and roofing accessories. 

Abby Dony, of Liege, 

Belgium, seems to have 

been the pioneer in installing 

zinc sheets for 

roofing, he having 

placed such a roof on his own rolling mill in that 

city some time in the year 1813, and also installed 

a similar roof on a part of the cathedral at Ste. Barthelome. 

These roofs are reported as being serviceable 

to this day. 

Following this initial venture in the use of zinc 

sheets for roofing, the move to roof with zinc became 

general throughout western Europe. The comparative 

low cost made it available for public buildings, 

BY GEORGE S. HARVEY 

cathedrals, churches, theatres, depots, warehouses, factories, 

hotels, etc., in fact, for all buildings of a permanent 

character which are now either roofed with 

zinc or have gutters, conductor pipe, flashings, valleys 

or eave troughs of this metal. The cathedral of Ste. 

Clotilda of Paris, Canterbury cathedral, the Haymarket 

theatre, the government docks of England, the 

German imperial palace and the University of Bonn 

are some of the larger and finer buildings of Europe 

that are roofed with zinc 

Prior to the war, nearly one half of the slab zinc 

(the phrase "slab zinc" is now substituted for the 

word "spelter" heretofore used by the trade) was 

used in zinc coating of "galvanizing" steel sheets and 

wire. Most of the remainder of the metal produced 

was used in compounding brass, while a little over 10 

per cent was rolled into zinc sheets by American mills. 

ROLLING OF SHEET ZINC 

Prior of 1917 there were but two mills in America 

rolling wide zinc sheets. At this writing there are 

three mills in the United States engaged in rolling 

wide sheets and several factories roll ribbon or strip 

zinc. But it was the great war that seemingly awakened 

America to the uses of zinc sheets. Not alone 

did our soldiers abroad get practical lessons in the 

use of zinc for roofing, but they, as well as the patriots 

at home, learned that all the precious explosives 

sent to the firing line were first placed in zinc con- 

Zinc sheets are only just coming into their own in 

American fields of usefulness. While they have 

been used for roofing purposes in Europe for more 

than a century, similar usefulness in America has 

only recently begun. While the field promises to 

absorb large quantities of sheets, they are at present 

very largely employed in various kinds of con 

tainers from tea boxes to dry batteries and in pipes 

and metal linings. How these sheets are rolled 

from slabs and finished for the market is told in 

an entertaining manner in this story. 

tainers in order to resist 

atmospheric influences 

in their journey overseas 

and to the front. 

These two things, i. e., 

that zinc is one of the 

best weather resisters 

known, and that it will 

protect i t s contents 

against atmospheric influences, 

really tell the 

story of zinc's usefulness. 

It so happened 

that both facts were 

brought out very forci- 

' ' bly in this important 

and exciting period of 

our nation's history. It is the general feeling among 

the producers of zinc that the world will profit by 

the lessons taught during the war and that zinc, 

especially zinc sheets, will have a more general and 

diversified use. 

The zinc used for rolling sheets must be nearly pure 

and of virgin metal. The first and second drafts 

that come from the smelteries are best for this pur 

pose. The presence of iron and cadmium in the metal 

is detrimental to securing a good production of sheets. 

The pig metal, or zinc slab, is first thrown into a 

refining furnace where the mass is subjected to a definite 

heat above the melting point that will assure an 

even, constant temperature. From this furnace the 

molten metal is dipped into molds of the size and 

thickness desired. These molds are fixed on a turntable 

that revolves slowly, so that, when the revolution 

is completed, the slab or ingot is ready to be handled 

with tongs. The slabs are then placed in an annealing 

furnace where the length of time they remain depends 

on the ductility wanted in the sheets to be 

fabricated. The heat at which the metal is worked is 

also a factor in obtaining the correct ductility in the 

product. 

The slab of zinc, now heated to about 400 deg. Fahr., 

and in form 12 x 24 in., varying in thickness from 1 to 

2 in., according to the size of the sheet to be rolled, 

is ready for the roughing mill. Here by successive 

passes the slab is reduced to a long sheet that must 

be reduced to a specific length for re-rolling in the 

finishing mill. This long sheet is sheared into suitable 

lengths, which length, paradoxically speaking, is 

the width of the future sheet, for be it remembered 

that in the process of roughing, the metal is pulled as 

the warp would be in the cloth, while in the finishing 

process the pull is with the web of the cloth, and the 

finished sheet is toughened thereby and the filaments 

of the metal are cross-woven in the final product.

31. METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 

Before going to the finishing mill it will be necessary 

to know something of the gages of the sheets to be 

produced. 

The gage of a metal is an arbitrary standard of 

thickness. Zinc differs from steel in that the thin 

sheets have the lowest or smallest numbers. A sheet 

of steel 0.006 in. thick is called 30 gage; in zinc it 

is known as a 3 gage; steel 0.028 in thickness is 23 

gage; zinc is 12 gage. In the American zinc gages 

0.002 in the thickness of one gage up to No. 10, thereafter 

the standard is arbitrary; 1-10 in. being 23 gage, 

1/4 in. being 25 gage. The European zinc gages are 

similar to the American in that they use small numbers 

for the thin gages, but they differ in the exact thickness 

for each gage. Reference to Table 1 will make 

these gages clear. 

The thickness of the original slab indicates the dimensions 

of the sheet to be made. Therefore the 

rough mill strip will make a certain number of sheets 

suitable for finishing. These sheets are made into a 

pack and given to the finishing mill operators, who 

heat them to a certain degree. A "pack" is the number 

of sheets rolled at one time. If the product is to 

be thin sheets, there will be many in the pack; if of 

thick sheets, there will be few. The pack is first sent 

through the finishing mills in single sheets and then 

the pack is assembled and sent through the mill in as 

many passes as will reduce it to the required gage. 

The pack is then sent to the shears and cut to the 

dimensions intended. 

SHIPPED IN DRUMS OR CASKS 

The thinner sheets of zinc are shipped in drums or 

casks that weigh around 600 lb. The heavier gages 

are packed flat in boxes. Lithograph and etching 

sheets are rolled hard and the surface is carefully inspected 

for defects before they are cut and packed. 

Battery sheets, washboard blanks, weather strips are 

often cut to dimensions in the factory and packed flat 

for the consumer. 

The element of waste is almost nil in a zinc sheet 

mill. Except for some undesirable dross that is 

skimmed off at the refining furnace, the output of a 

mill should be the same as the incoming tons of metal. 

Zinc sheets have many and varied uses. The thin 

sheets are used to line tea boxes and other containers 

of vegetable product. Lithographers also use many 

tons of these sheets in the transposition of printing 

from stone. Thicker sheets are required by the refrigerator 

makers, roofers and makers of weather strips, 

while the sheets for etching must be fully 1-25 in. thick 

for the practice of that art. 

Sheet zinc is also used in making containers for 

cosmetics, tobacco or any substance that deteriorates 

under contact with atmosphere. The wearing surface 

of the washboard is zinc. Because zinc is one of the 

best-known heat resistants it is used extensively for 

stove boards and back boards around furnace and stove 

pipe. 

The shell that contains a dry battery is a zinc sheet. 

The negative pole of every galvanic battery in the 

world is zinc. The pulsing wires of commerce, cable, 

telegraph and telephone throb with the world's importance 

because of the zinc at the end of the circuit. 

Zinc stabilizes brass and gives sharpness and shape 

to the bronze that contains it. Its thin film preserves 

steel and iron sheets and wire, which alone makes them 

serviceable for weather wear. Zinc is used to preserve 

wood, either as a paint or as a solution into wliich the 

piece is dipped. Zinc may be spun, stamped and drawn 

and because it is indestructible, it may be recovered 

again and again for refabrication into new shapes. 

Besides zinc sheets, zinc mills also roll zinc plates, 

the thickest material turned out from the mill. Plates 

vary in thickness from Vi to 1 in. in thickness and are 

used principally to purify the water in steam boilers. 

In this practice zinc again demonstrates its utility. 

As a sheathing on the outside of the vessel, it repels 

the action of the water and preserves the metal or 

wood of which the vessel is constructed. But within 

the boilers and when the temperature is raised beyond 

the boiling point, the zinc plate seeks out the impurities, 

forms gases that are auxiliary to the steam and 

precipitates the impurities in a new form. The steel 

of the boiler is thereby saved from corrosion. 

COMPARISON OF ZINC GAGES 

Lbs. per Thickness 

Th ickness 

No s quare foot in inches No. in inches 

3 

.225 .006 1 

.004 

2 

.006 

3 

.007 

.300 .008 4 

'. 

.008 

5 

.375 .010-1-100 5 

.010 

6 

.450 .012 6 

.011 

7 

.525 .014 7 

.013 

8 

.600 .016 8 

.015 

9 

.675 .018 9 

.018 

10 

.750 .020-1-50 10 

.020 

11 

.900 .024 11 

.023 

12 

1.050 .028 12 

.026 

13 

1.200 .032 13 

.029 

14 

1.350 .036 14 

.032 

15 

1.500 .040-1-25 15 

.038 

16 

1.678 .045 16 

.043 

17 

1.875 .050 17 

.048 

IS 

2.062 .055 18 

.053 

19 

2.252 .060-1-17 19 

.058 

20 

2.625 .170 20 

.063 

21 

3.000 .080 21 

.070 

22 

3.375 .090 22 

.077 

23 

3.753 .100-1-10 23 

.084 

24 

4.700 .125-1-8 24 

.091 

25 

9.400 .250-1-4 25 

.098 

26 

14.000 .375-3-8 26 

.105 

27 

18.750 .500 

28 

37.500 1.000 

In our p resent attained development, zinc is one of 

in's most useful metals. It has been called the handmaiden 

of chemistry, the man-servant of mechanics, 

and the everlasting servant of humanity. Unlike other 

metals, it resists all actions but erosion and its adherents 

aver that because of its indestructibility it will 

contribute more than all else in saving the world from 

a metalless age. 

What Could Ee Nicer? 

Chicago comes in the same class with other large 

cities as regards housing shortage. 

In discussing the situation, Edward Zipf, who is 

president of the village board of Wilmette, a north 

shore suburb, speaking ex-officio, presented the following 

partial solution, says the Chicago Tribune: 

"We now have a vacancy in Wilmette—our village 

jail. It has been unoccupied since the big wind of 

1919. We are willing to receive a good tenant. It is 

a three-room suite, good location, center of town— 

convenient to both electric and steam service. 

"The exterior is of reinforced concrete, interior steel 

lattice work; running hot and cold water, steam, electric 

lights, janitor service. The entire edifice is burglar 

proof. In the summer Wilmette enjoys boating, 

bathing and unexcelled sunsets. 

"The police business has been on the bum ever since 

prohibition began to take effect."

SEPTEMBEE 3, 19.0 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 313 

Estimating Versus Shop Equipment 

Some Suggestions on an Important Subiect Subject Which 

Shovild Not Be Overlooked by Sheet Metal Man 

T H E estimating force is in one respect the foundation 

upon which success or failure in business 

rests. As a matter of fact, the great majority of 

sheet metal contractors have for their principal capital 

only experience and energy, and more or less scientific 

knowledge (ability), coming down to hard tacks as 

regards to this topic. 

It is the little details that make or mar the effectiveness 

of any business structure or organization just 

as it is the little things in every-day life that make 

of life success or failure. And it is for this reason 

the aim here to deal with little matters as they confront 

the owner of the small shop in connection with 

this important subject. 

Analyzing the situation, every indication shows that 

there is no factor in the management of a business, 

no matter how large or how small the output, how 

great or how little the investment, worthy of more 

consideration than the science of estimating and its 

good and evil consequences. 

It is true that the literature on this subject is very 

meager and it is also true that the records on business 

failures are almost complete. But this does not say 

that the latter is due to the first. It seems that what 

is needed is not so much a study course in estimating. 

but encouragement through association in the dissemination 

of knowledge upon taking precautionary steps 

and measures to safeguard against contingencies as 

they are bound to arise. 

Prices are made almost by a guess in many instances, 

or, as sometimes is the case, to meet the price 

the customer says was made to him by the other con 

tractor. What is the result? The sheet metal man 

finds himself with a depreciated plant, the best years 

of his life spent and no means of renewing either. 

He is simply the victim of a vicious system of estimating 

or rather lack of svstem. 

Often the head of a firm has to depend on someone 

in charge of this duty. Whether they confess it or 

not, the main object of some estimators is to smuggle, 

so to say, as many contracts as possible in for selfish 

reasons and leave the other fellow to worry his head 

off about the rest. A condition of this kind is deplorable 

and past rectifying. 

MISTAKES MUST BE GUARDED AGAINST 

Errors in estimating have always been made, but 

the consequences were not as serious then as they are 

to-day. If a mistake in taking off quantities and 

figuring costs ever played havoc with a business, and 

the small business especially, it certainly does now. 

A miscalculation in time as regards labor meant $5 

per day then, but now it is $10 per day. Galvanized 

iron and other materials have not only doubled but 

trebled, and so on along the line. 

But mistakes are not always at the bottom of a 

low figure. Conditions are changing rapidly. Until 

comparatively recent times long-established firms have 

often held their place of supremacy because of the 

fact that they were established and had a good reputation 

to back them up. Thus they could obtain contracts 

at better prices than their less experienced 

rivals. . 

It can be said that with the introduction ot new

'11 METAL WORKER, PLU M 

ER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER. 3, 1920 

power machinery the turning point was reached. ing, New depreciation, nor may they come within the scope 

processes in manufacture render it continually neces of the subject, but are certainly worth a word in 

sary to be on the watch, to discover improved methods. passing. It is hardly necessary to sound a word of 

It is of great importance not only to know about vari warning because every business man knows the drawous 

machines but to know their possibilities. 

back the present freight upheaval has on all lines 

Not so very many years ago a lower figure meant of trade, knows the far-reaching effect of a strike, 

and was spoken of as doing business without profit. whether in one trade or another, knows that an act of 

To-day it may be evident that work could be done at Congress may reduce the output of his equipment, 

a lower yet more profitable figure due to the up-to- thinking of the many store cornices whicli kept a good 

date shop equipment. Estimates can be made with a many shops busy up to a few years ago. 

certainty of profit—a thing of no small importance. There are other disturbing factors appearing on 

This may sound theoretical. The above pictures the horizon already which are liable to upset busi 

will help to illustrate this point, however. The plates ness probabilities. Attention might be called to the 

as shown were 19x25 in. in size, made of No. 18 rent proposition if you have a leased shop or building. 

galvanized iron, with 7-in. holes cut out. This was Signs such as this: "Driven out of business because 

accomplished, as was observed in various shops, in rent has been raised from $150 to $500 per month" 

different ways, as will be seen in the three different were not uncommon. If such is the case now, what 

views. The first one illustrates the most primitive will it be in three years from now? Indications are 

method, for such it should be considered in the present anything but favorable. However, contingencies of 

day. The time required to chisel out the holes on an this class do not make an argument for a high rate 

iron plate is 10 min. each j_late. No matter how good of depreciation and reserve a sane one and one that 

the mechanic may be, the job will be a rough one as should receive more consideration. 

to finish and it is necessary to add at least 5 min. for Make it a habit to look your plant over and ask 

filing, bringing the total time up to .5 min. 

yourself whether you could not have had a greater 

A better way is the use of a throat shear, as is profit on one or the other job if you had added one 

shown in the second picture. The time, including the 

little filing that this process needs, is only 30 min. So 

it will be seen that the work cannot only be done 

machine or a tool to your shop equipment. 

quicker but better. 

Another method is to cut out the holes by means 

of an expansion cutter on the drill press shown in 

the third illustration. On account of the time required 

for setting up the work, it takes 25 min. to finish one 

plate but the greater advantage is that the product 

is perfect. This, indeed, would be the only method if 

a machine finish was required. 

Summing up the advantages it will immediately be 

evident that the more complex and expensive the 

equipment the less the experience required, hence the 

smaller the risk of securing competent help, especially 

when such is scarce; the smaller the risk of 

non-acceptance, and last but not least, the more complete 

and reliable the data for future reference. 

An order for 100 inserts means a saving of about 

25 hr. when comparing the first two, or 33 1-3 per 

cent. Of course it is true that the depreciation increases 

correspondingly, but it must be admitted that 

the amount to be written off for depreciation on 

sheet metal machinery is very small. 

Typical English Bathroom Equipment 


many of those hot water systems are now heated with 

gas, so that in place of the range boiler being over a 

coal fire it is set with a gas fire under it. Practically 

all of the other arrangements are the same. 

In houses where there is no circulation of hot 

water from the kitchen and when gas is available 

many have an apparatus for the heating of bath water 

in the bathroom. 

Many of those geysers are now made so that the 

products of combustion from the gas can be carried 

off very easily and when the cold water passes through 

into the geyser it admits a full supply of gas to the 

burner. If from any cause the supply of water fails 

or is cut off, the supply of gas is instantly checked 

or shut off entirely. This type of apparatus as used 

in many cases in England is lieated by a set of burners 

with ordinary luminous flames. 

In nearly every bathroom is found the ordinary 

lavatory basin which is generally made of porcelain. 

DEPRECIATION AND RESERVE FUND 

The simplest and the most satisfactory form in use is 

that made with a good broad piece at the back and 

What is of greater importance here is that figures with a soap recess on each side. The outlets of these 

must not only include an amount for depreciation in 

basins are made to close with plug and chain or with 

order to provide for replacement, but for addition to 

waste valves. Tliose with the rubber plug are the 

the equipment in order to make the latter up-to-date. 

most common in use, as the valve arrangement is only 

We may call this a depreciation and reserve fund used for high-class work, although it is by far the 

which must be set aside from a portion of the profit. neatest in point of appearance. 

Not only is your competitor justified in figuring lower, 

Very few bathroom fittings are to be found with 

but his figure includes a fair profit which, in return, 

wooden enclosures or fitting and in the most of cases 

will take care of replacement and addition, simply 

the pipes and valves are exposed to view. From a 

because he has been far-sighted enough to get an up- strictly sanitary point of view, the independent unto-date 

shop equipment before you did. 

cased fitting, with every part open to view, is pref 

The above reserve fund must take the place of an erable and with the health of the resident so greatly 

insurance against contingencies which are liable to depending on good sanitation, every sanitary fitting 

confront the small business man any time and the should be the best of its kind. Also the drainage 

allowance to be added to the prices must be a liberal system with wliich it is linked up should be as perfect 

one. These contingencies need not be, strictly speak- as possible.

SEPTEMBEH 3, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 31 

Truth About Lasting Power of Furnac 

It Is Several Times Seven Years—Records of Performance 

and Longevity Every Furnaceman Can Use—An Erroneous 

Statement Challenged and Refuted—In Twenty Years' 

Experience But One Furnace Junked and That After 

TABLE EXEMPLIFYING THE LASTING POWER OF 

FURNACES 

Furnace 

Be- Years in 

Set. Beset Beset paired Use 

Kelsey ..1898 1910 1919 None 21 

Round Oak Chief 1910 None 11 

Kelsey _ _1903 1905 1919 18 

Palace Queen 1905 1914 None 16 

Kelsey 190. 1919 _ 1919 16 

Gorton 1898 1915 None 23 

Wood 

7)147 

1878 1919 42 

Average of service not yet ended 51 years 

Thirty-seven Years of Service 

BY CADY H. PIERCE 

IT is impossible for me to say just when I first 

heard the statement, "The average life of a warmair 

furnace is 7 years." It would make no difference 

to the reader if I were able to name the exact 

time. I do know it was well back in the past. Having 

been engaged in heating and kindred lines for 20 

years, I feel safe in saying it was all of 19 years ago 

when I first heard it and I have been hearing it ever 

since. Old experienced lieating men have said it and 

high school boys, making their first trip with a grip 

full of catalogs and price lists, who did not know a 

base burner from a double oven range, have also 

passed this information on to me. 

At first I took it for a fact and believed it as firmly 

as that the earth was round or that Columbus discovered 

America in 1492. However, as the years 

have come and gone I have changed my opinion as to 

the truth of this statement. I may be in error and it 

may be true that "the average life of a warm-air 

furnace is 7 years." Nevertheless, I am sure of the 

facts which my own experience has taught. 

SERVED FIVE TIMES 7 YEARS BEFORE BEING "jUNKED" 

As mentioned in the foregoing, in 20 years of practice 

in one territory around Rodman, N. Y., I have 

"junked" one warm-air furnace, and only one. This 

was done in the fall of last year and the furnace had 

been in use for 37 years and had had but one thorough 

overhauling and that about 12 years ago, or after 

a quarter of a century of good work. 

I do not wish to create the impression that I am 

"married" to the warm-air furnace method of heating. 

I do recommend it wherever it appears to be the most 

practical. I have installed both hot water and steam 

lieaters in many homes and always with entire satisfaction 

to the customer. 

It seems to me tbat any statement which appears 

to be in error should be challenged by some one, and 

I have taken it upon myself to do so in this instance. 

To present my case I must cite a few instances 

which prove to me that the average warm-air furnace 

is a good investment for the purchaser. In the year 

1898 a Kelsey warm-air generator was installed in a 

farm house by a concern from out-of-town, I believe, 

this being two years before I entered the trade. In 

1910, the owner, wishing to heat more of his home 

and the old Kelsey being too small for the work, purchased 

from me a Round Oak Chief furnace for himself 

and had the Kelsey placed in a smaller liouse 

which he owned. In passing, I might remark that 

the Chief furnace has never had a repair of any kind 

since its installation and apparently is good for many, 

many years to come. 

The discarded Kelsey was found to be in perfect 

condition and did excellent service until last season. 

An ice jamb in the nearby stream last spring caused 

WOOD FURNACE REPAIRED AFTER 42 YEARS AND 

STILL GOING 

the cellar in which it was placed to fill with water 

and the old Kelsey was submerged for several days. 

After the flood subsided the owner decided to take 

the furnace down and, if it had done its work, as he 

seemed to think it had, to discard it and install a 

new one. At this late date, however, after twenty-


one seasons of firing, every casting was found to be When it was dismantled the steel sheet whicli sur 

without a break or flaw. It was reset and the tenant, rounds the upright flues was found to be in bad shape. 

who has lived in rented city houses all his life, says This part was obtained new from the manufacturer. 

he has a perfectly heated home. And this is the ver All of the castings were perfect. On Jan. 10, 1920, 

dict after the so-called "average life" has been multhe 

new owner wrote me that he had no regrets and 

tiplied by three. 

was more than satisfied with his purchase. This fur 

SEVENTEEN YEARS AND STILL ON THE JOB 

nace is now doing its sixteenth season's work. 

Instance No. 2 refers also to a Kelsey. In the fall 

of 1905, a customer of mine learned where he could 

purchase a second-hand Kelsey and he took the writer 

to examine it and decide whether it would be a good 

deal. The job had been in use only two seasons but 

had proved too small for the work. My customer 

obtained the furnace and a good-sized load of pipe 

and register boxes for $40. This second-hand furnace 

furnished ample heat and gave entire satisfaction 

for 14 seasons. 

Last fall, because of slight gas leaks which developed 

the winter before, it was given a thorough overhauling. 

Upon examination tliree of the cast flues 

were found to have small cracks in one corner of their 

upper ends, otherwise the castings were in perfect 

shape. These cracks were welded and the 17-year-old 

heater is still on the job, 24 hr. a day for the eighteenth 

heating season. The location of the cracks in the 

JOB TWENTY-TWO YEARS YOUNG 

As No. 5, I will simply mention an old Gorton furnace. 

It was installed originally in a large Adirondack 

hotel. The owner used it for 5 years. Then he 

built a hotel annex, took the furnace out and replaced 

it with a steam plant, selling the furnace to his 

brother. I installed the old furnace in the brother's 

home 17 years ago. 

In the summer of 1915 the owner decided to move 

the furnace in his cellar. The furnace had never 

leaked gas or smoke so we pried up the ashpit section, 

inserted iron pipe rollers and moved the entire furnace. 

To-day it is heating his home perfectly. The 

job is 22 years young. 

STARTED FORTY-TWO YEARS AGO AND STILL GOING 

The last case is that of an "old-timer," indeed. 

Last fall I was called out of my territory to examine 

an old wood furnace and see what I could do to 

get a little more service out of an outfit that had 

been in use 41 years, a job that my father installed 

3 years before I was born. 

It proved to be a wood burner, brick set, with a 

fire box about 20 x 48 in. The grates were in fair 

shape and could be repaired at small expense. The 

furnace looked something like the sketch presented. 

The long exposure to heat had expanded the upper 

section to such an extent that the flanges on the two 

rear flues of the lower section were broken, one 

only slightly and the other shy a piece as large as a 

man's hand. Returning to the shop, two squeezers 

of 18-gage iron were made as shown in the illustration. 

Upon return to the job the broken pieces 

LEFT CRACKED CASTING MADE AS GOOD AS NEW BY 

WELDING. RIGHT SHEET METAL SQUEEZER USED 

IN REPAIRING OLD WOOD FURNACE 

were placed in position and held with fine wire. The 

squeezers were then placed around the cup joints and 

filled with furnace cement while still in a loose position. 

They were then drawn as tightly as possible 

with stove bolts. All other joints and cup joints were 

thoroughly cemented and the old 41-year-old wood 

burner, made by the "Lord No Zoo" (to quote Dickens) 

is to-day delivering the goods and doing it right. 

Otlier instances could be mentioned but enough has 

been presented and I will let the case rest. There 

flues, as shown in one of the sketches herewith, were may be some "neck of the woods" where warm-air fur 

easily welded whole. 

naces are sent to the scrap heap 7 years after installa 

The third instance is that of a 29-in. fire pot Paltion. It is not here, liowever, where the temperature 

ace Queen furnace, made by the International Heater dropped to 33 deg. below zero last winter. 

Co. In thc year 1905 I installed this furnace in the 

Congregational Church here in my home village. After 

9 years of use it was moved about 30 ft., this being THE AMERICAN PROTECTIVE TARIFF LEAGUE has 

necessary because of changes in the basement. It just issued its campaign button which reads as fol 

has been 6 years in its new location and is still giving lows: "Harding and Coolidge, SMILE, 1920," and 

satisfactory service. 

on the back of the button are the words "Protection 

REQUIRED NEW DRUM AFTER FIFTEEN YEARS 

Prosperity." The "SMILE" is in red ink across the 

button and a.s large as space will allow. Two buttons 

It happens that the fourth case has a Kelsey for sent to any address by letter mail for 6 cents, address 

the subject. This time the customer made the pur W. F. Wakeman, Secretary, 339 Broadway, New 

chase on his own judgment. This lieater had been York, who also has some literature in the press that 

used for about 15 years in a store in a nearby village. can be procured from him.

SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 

You Can Sell Many Stoves 

People Still Need Them 

Face the Conditions with Active Courage and You 

SEARCH among the 

stove and repair 

houses for information 

that would enable the 

service bureau to answer 

these questions secured 

the frequent reference to 

METAL WORKER, PLUMB 

ER AND STEAM FITTER as 

the most reliable source 

for information available. 

This brought the various 

questions that are presented 

more conspicuously 

for consideration. 

The changed conditions 

in the stove industry are 

very marked. At one time 

the sheet metal worker 

made a great variety of 

kitchen furniture for use 

in connection with the 

kitchen stove and made 

Will Win—Present Prices Promise to Hold and May 

Stiffen—No Stock to be Sacrificed at Cut Prices 

the smoke pipe for hitching up the parlor and bedroom 

stoves. This made the tinshop man a great distributor 

of the product of stove manufacturers. It 

was practically all marketed with his assistance. He 

still is a large factor camouflaged as a hardware dealer 

on which both the young and old housekeeper must call 

for much of the kitchen furnishing outfit. He is a most 

potent factor in his expert knowledge that insures a 

stove staying sold and baking a beautiful brown or 

lieating properly for every customer. He distributes 

more stoves than he is given credit for, distributes 

them more cheaply for the manufacturer and gets the 

service from them for his customer that builds a 

popular reputation and an increased sale. 

Those who manufacture and sell stoves, liowever, 

seem to agree that less than 50 per cent of the product 

of the different stove foundries is marketed through 

his hands. Now, the catalog liouse, the furniture 

trade, the department store and the installment liouse 

sell the buyer any stove such customers will take, 

but with none of the old-time interest in its final 

operation and expert knowledge of what would best 

serve in the home of the buyer. 

As the allegiance of the stove manufacturers became 

weakened with the old-time distributor through 

the distribution of the output through these newer 

factors, its allegiance to METAL WORKER, PLUMBER 

AND STEAM FITTER suffered in like proportion. And 

yet considerable attention and work for the welfare 

of the stove trade is still given as a labor of love with 

317 

scant compensation toward 

the service. Much 

of the practical information 

that must be possessed 

to make stoves 

work under all conditions 

now in the possession of 

those who handle stoves 

was gleaned from the experience 

in the field and 

again made available as 

the result of this labor on 

our part. But like last 

year's bird nests, it is 

empty of reward. 

It is one of the vicissitudes 

of trade that the 

qualifications of the average 

stove manufacturer 

run more naturally to mechanical 

than to mercantile 

enterprise and yet he 

has realized the futility of 

working against the tide. The old-time stove distributor 

also pays more attention to the mechanical 

branches of his trade. The people of the younger 

generation did not know him and asked for a stove 

where they bought their furniture when they started 

in housekeeping. It was but lhe natural development 

of living conditions, greatly hastened by the general 

congregating of large numbers of people in centers. 

One of the service bureaus has been asked the 

following questions by a man interested in the 

stove field: 

Has the stove industry a trade paper which it 

fo.ters and in which it gives what is going on in 

its field? 

Where can I get information on the conditions 

that are now governing it and those which will 

influence the future? 

Where can coal, wood, oil and gas stoves be 

best sold ? 

Has stove making become a localized industry 

and in what direction are influences now draw 

ing it? 

A general review of present and past condi 

tions and the probable trend will be considered 

a favor. 

INFLUENCES AT WORK 

Information as to conditions prevailing and probable 

are at the present time largely gathered from 

assuming that influences working in other lines of 

business as probably working in a similar way in 

kindred lines. The influences now at work are: 

First, the agreement between the manufacturers and 

molders, which for years has averted strikes in the 

industry and consequently saved a great amount ot 

money for all identified with the production of stoves 

The last agreement made in December has led to an 

increase in the labor cost of stoves between 20 and 25 

per cent and nearer 25 per cent than 20 per cent, 

according to most careful and successful students in 

the field. Wages of molders were advanced something 

over 10 per cent last December by agreement. 

Then manufacturers agreed also to hire labor to do 

certain work that had previously been done by the 

molders and included in the labor cost. This is what 

makes the advance in labor cost at least 25 per cent. 

Then the statistics available in many different b»-

318 METAL WORKER, PLUM 

In the past, almost every spring season opened with 

a reasonably well assorted line in the warehouses of 

the manufacturers and some left-over stuff in the 

hands of the dealers throughout the country. The 

conditions this year found light stocks everywhere 

and almost no stock in many instances. The result 

has been that as fast as stoves have been produced, 

they have been shipped to the buyers who were eager 

to take care of tlieir needs before the transportation 

facilities became discouraging in their delivery. Also 

they were, in order to secure the stock before a further 

advance was announced and so as to be able to 

make the sales that were necessary to have the fall 

business of stove dealers throughout the country on 

the right side of the ledger as the result of the profits 

attending the sales. 

Tliere are very few foundry houses which can show 

any considerable amount of stock accumulated in the 

warehouses. With no stock in the warehouses there 

is no occasion for those who have furnished the money 

for the pay roll and the pig iron to suggest that it 

would be well to realize, on stock at the inopportune 

season and force a cut rate in order to bring about 

some sales. Such an unfortunate condition is apparently 

not likely to be found during the coming fall. 

Tliere is no question but what stove foundries have 

sprung up all through the country and that many 

Eastern foundries which in the past shipped across the 

continent have now gone half-way and opened up 

other foundries to take care of the trade that was 

distant from the original plant. 

There was a time when every steamer sailing from 

New York carried more or less stoves that were made 

in the foundries of Pennsylvania, up the Hudson 

River and even in New England, to ports all along 

the coast. New York is no longer the important stove 

distributing center that it once was and the same 

holds good of Philadelphia, Albany and other Eastern 

centers, many of which have turned their foundries 

to other lines of product. 

LOCALITY OF STOVE INDUSTRY 

To a certain extent this has made the stove industry 

one of locality and the foundry which has but a 

short distance to ship has a very positive advantage 

over the foundry 500 or 1,000 miles away, which in 

former times filled the houses of the people where the 

IER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 

reaus and publications are, that about a year new ago foundries pig are now serving the purpose. It is 

iron could be purchased for $30 per ton, where to-day easier to take the raw material to the center where 

the price is $46 and strong, or over 50 per cent ad the goods are needed and to manufacture any line of 

vance, and foundrv coke is now $18 to 20 instead of stoves whether for lieating or for cooking, and for any 

$4 to $6. 

fuel, in the territory, than to go to the expense of 

Taking these factors of cost alone, the reasons for paying the freight rates and incurring the other costs 

an advanced selling price are very apparent without and disadvantages that attend long shipments of man 

taking into consideration many of the fittings, furufactured product. 

nishings and finishes that also have increased in price These are the influences that have had a great deal 

so as to further increase the cost. Apparently, there to do with the establishment of stove foundries all 

is nothing in the production cost of stoves that has through the South and on the other side of the Missis 

receded. It has been impossible to secure the desired sippi River, even to the Pacific Coast. Where the 

number of stove molders in almost any foundry cast iron coal stove filled the car with considerable 

throughout the country. As a result, the product of weight, the modern gas and gasoline stoves are squally 

the plant is less than in former times and this output bulky but afford little weight. Naturally, though 

has to bear the complete overhead expense. Conse less likely to breakage, they carry a higher rate in 

quently, it is another factor for increased cost. It order to reimburse the carrier for the service that is 

also holds with equal force against any recession in rendered. 

price. 

There will still be a large demand for stoves in the 

SPRING STOCKS VERY LIGHT 

country districts and in the West and Southwest, where 

fuels are obtainable at less cost than those which have 

to be transported from a distance. In the suburban 

districts and particularly on the farm there will still 

be a considerable demand for stoves. But the probabilities 

are that as time goes on this demand will decrease 

except so far as cooking stoves are concerned, 

the centralized heating plant making the whole liouse 

warm whether with a furnace or a steam or hot water 

outfit. This has made inroads on the heating stove 

trade that can never be stopped or replaced. As the 

result, many foundries have engaged in the production 

of the central heaters. In the cities where gas 

can be purchased at a reasonable figure, the gas stoves 

are certain to be sold and the coal stove business cut 

accordingly. 

NO COAL COOKING APPARATUS 

Now there are plenty of buildings in which there is 

no coal cooking apparatus provided. The cooking is 

either done with gas or electricity and the main heating 

plant supplies the medium for the radiator in the 

kitchen. There is only one fire to attend in the house 

and sometimes the heat is taken from the street main, 

so there is no fire in the house, unless there be a gas 

log or an open fireplace for auxiliary or esthetic purposes. 

Tliese conditions are recognized by the most 

advanced manufacturers and those who are most alert 

to read the conditions of the future. 

So far as price is concerned, there is a very firm 

opinion that no changes in prices that show reductions 

will come this year. There is nothing in the iron 

market or the labor market that at the present time 

indicates anything that will be safe to base much 

change in price upon for the next year. 

However, before the winter is past and the buying 

season opens for another year, many changes are likely 

to be noted. But there is much confidence that the recessions 

which have been shown in leather and cloth 

goods cannot be expected in anything that is made to 

serve in the capacity of a heating or cooking apparatus. 

The conditions outlined discourage any such 

an idea. Pig iron for the first half of next year 

is being bought by manufacturers in some fields at 

present prices and the outlook for lower cost fuel is 

not encouraging. Labor cost is fixed till December, 

1921. Stove foundry products bought and received 

now can doubtless be sold at a profit.



problems --- the Place to 


Dust Collector Capacity Insufficient 

From Founder, Quincy, III.—We are experiencing 

trouble with our dust collecting outfits that we have 

installed at our foundry for carrying away the dust 

made in cleaning castings and other manufacturing 

operations. We desire suggestions on making changes 

VARIOUS TYPES OF DUST COLLECTORS 

Upper left—Tumbling room dust collector 

Upper right—Polishing room dust collector 

Lower left—Changed proportions for tumbling room 

Lower right—Changed proportons for polishing room 

collector. 

SERVKTWGIJATIS 




refuse from two No. 7 Buffalo Forge fans, one, the 

upper connection running from the polishing room at 

a speed of 1,450 r. p. m., the lowering opening from 

the cleaning and grinding room in which the fan is 

run at a speed of 1.360 r. p. m. It will be seen from 

these drawings that one has a 16-in. pipe while the 

other has two 14-in. pipes. These collectors do not 

seem to hold the dust, a large percentage of it coming 

out at the top and we shall be glad to have some assistance 

to enable us to make the necessary changes. 

Note—Through the courtesy of Koithan & Pryor, 

New York representatives of the Buffalo Forge Co., 

the following is presented: 

In connection with the collector shown at the upper 

left of the illustrations, the fan should handle 6,000 

cu. ft. at the total pressure of 4 oz. This makes the 

inlet velocity through the 16-in. pipe 4,300 ft. per 

minute. The lower left-hand cut shows the size of 

the collector with the proper dimensions for the different 

parts which is recommended for the work to 

be done, from which it will be seen that it does not 

vary materially from that shown in the original outfit, 

but yet gives it somewhat more capacity. It 

seems that probably the trouble with the dusting of 

this outfit is due to the fact that the baffle or disc 

which hangs below the central tube is out of adjustment. 

This central tube usually extends 2 in. below 

the lowest point of the entrance of the dust on the 

side of the collector. The 16-in. pipe is transformed 

to a 28 x 11-in. pipe. This is approximately correct 

but it seems that the tube should hang down not lower 

than 30 in., but this then makes it extend too far 

down into the cone. If the transformation piece on 

the side of this drum is changed to 24 x 10% in - anct 

the tube dropped down to 26 in., there will be clearance 

to adjust the baffle below the tube without having 

to drop it into the cone too far. The raising and 

lowering of this baffle plate is what produces the balance 

in the collector. If the collector is made on the 

dimensions given the outlet velocity will be 1,070 ft. 

per minute, a very great slowing down from the inlet 

velocity, which will enable the dust to separate and 

settle "and the air can pass off clear so that the 

trouble reported will be overcome. 

The same general conditions apply to the other 

to carry the air out of the building and to let the dust 

outfit and the trouble can be corrected by raising the 

drop to the collection bins where it should go. 

cylindrical portion of the collector in each case from 

In the accompanying sketch the collector shown at 

6 to 10 in. If the general dimensions given in the 

the upper left is installed on the outside of the build 

sketch at the right are followed, the troubles will 

ing and is used for drawing the dust from the tumbling 

be corrected. Then after the collector is in operation 

room after it has been through a Knickerbocker Tari 

bv raising and lowering the baffle so that the dust comffed 

collector type. There is a No. 8 Buffalo Forge 

ing out the top is reduced to a minimum or cannot be 

fan between the Knickerbocker type and collector. 

seen and* with no perceptible pressure in the delivery 

This fan runs at 1,505 r. p. m. At the upper right 

a collector is shown which is installed to collect the 

pipe, it will be operating at its best efficiency.

320 METAL W ORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 


Responsibility and Opportunity 

B E F O R E preparing the article presented elsewhere 

bring out the best in all lines, whether heating, sheet 

in this issue to show how all trades might bene 

metal or plumbing work, rather than to espouse any 

fit from a new service by the heads of industries, 

one type or method that its readers may practice. A 

some correspondence and much conversation bearing 

man well versed in the requirements of a heating out 

on the subject were carried on. In no instance was 

fit may well recommend and install all types and many 

there a denial of the existence of the need brought out, 

of our readers are doing it. They have learned much 

but rather a serious contemplation of the matter has 

about how to do it successfully from the continual 

been inspired. In the industries to whicli this publica 

presentation of articles giving the basic principles that 

tion is devoted there has been less use made of the 

have been prepared at our solicitation by competent 

channels open for the guidance to avoid the shoals and 

men. In spite of the success that many make of spe 

for direction on the right course than in many newer 

cializing on one line, there is great need for the versa 

fields. It is encouraging to note that in other fields 

tility that uses the right thing in the right place. 

the leaders feel it incumbent upon themselves to par 

ticipate in the formulation of ideas and practices by 

wliich everyone can benefit. They realize that in the 

frequent presentation of worth-while recommendations 

an effective movement finds its origin. They feel that 

only from those whose perspective of the field is com 

prehensive can they see, know and make observations 

impossible to those whose close attention to one detail 

or interest disqualifies them for the service. From 

this point of view they do not deviate because it adds 

but a light burden to their load. They take up the 

service to give their industry the necessary impetus in 

whatever manner for good their influence may be ex 

erted. It is to encourage a similar interest and effort 

for the welfare of the fields served by this journal 

that attention is drawn to the article mentioned which 

appears on another page. 

Heating With Boilers 

T H E thoroughly competent heating contractor in 

many places installs all kinds of lieating equip 

ment and recommends with ppsitiveness the kind 

of heater that, in his opinion, is best adapted to the 

needs. He has no favorite but knows his customer, 

his customer's building and what he can use with best 

satisfaction. Some business men lose money by fail 

ure to realize the true facts and recommend the same 

heating outfit for all conditions with the result that 

.something is left to be desired by the customer. Others 

make a specialty of one type of heating outfit and use 

it everywhere or pass over some contracts where they 

know another method than the one they use will give 

better satisfaction. 

It is well for some special line enthusiasts to read 

the article on another page about heating with boilers 

to realize that they have a permanent place as a 

practical method of heating and in their installation 

all the results that a customer may desire can be 

attained. 

It has ever been the purpose of this journal to 

Conflicting Influences 

B U Y E R S will become more keen to get lower prices 

from the retailers as the result of the shrinkage 

in prices in textiles, automobiles and some ar 

ticles of food. The trend in tliese articles is supposed 

to be in the downward direction. This is likely to 

make trouble for those who have to sell lieating, plumb 

ing and sheet metal goods which, owing to cost, may 

show further advances and the present prices hold 

for some time. Under these conditions the man who 

has the right information at his tongue's end can sat 

isfy buyers that the prices he is quoting are just and 

fair. He only needs to point to the price of pig iron a 

year ago and now, the price of coke a year ago and 

now, to the wages paid and to the skill of the worker. 

The two former show such an advance and all such 

a positive effect on the cost that the selling price 

cannot recede. When these facts are made clear, 

though the buyer may be disappointed, he will not 

feel that an injustice has been done him. 

Facts About Furnace Service 

ELSEWHERE in this issue is a record exemplify 

ing just such as could be given by many another 

furnaceman. It is the kind of information which 

many buyers would welcome and should stir furnace 

men to get out their records to aid such persons in 

deciding on the heating system for their homes. A 

photograph of an old-timer and of the liouse in wliich 

it is serving, with a letter giving the facts would be 

quite convincing as an aid to sales. It would enable 

a hesitant buyer to investigate for himself and be 

convinced. The man who keeps this article for refer 

ence and use in a tactful manner will find such facts 

effective in a canvass for business.



Massachusetts Plumbers' Annual Outing 

Large Attendance Enjoy Picnic at Pemberton 

Where Short Meeting is Also Held 

Boats, automobiles and the electric trains conveyed 

the members of the Massachusetts Master Plumbers' 

Association, their ladies and the allied trades to Pemberton, 

Mass., down Boston harbor, on Wednesday, 

August 25, on their annual outing. The party arrived 

in time for a dinner at Pemberton Inn, where 

250 plates were laid. 

President G. Wilbur Thompson acted as master of 

ceremonies and welcomed the members and guests. 

He announced that the day's program would be wholl}' 

informal, that there would be no speeches and that 

everybody was urged to join in the attractions of the 

place and enjoy the day to the fullest degree. 

Acting upon his suggestion, many members availed 

themselves of the bathing at the enclosed salt water 

pool of the Inn, where Ex-President E. W. Cox, of 

the Boston association, led the activities with fancy 

diving and swimming stunts. 

The baseball game proved the main attraction 

after dinner and the plumbers kept up their record 

of former outings by defeating the jobbers in a fast 

6-inning game 15 to 9—at least that was the score 

which the plumbers claimed, but Umpire "Archie'' 

Campbell refused to commit himself and verify the 

tally. 

The plumbers' line-up was: Lowe, c; Tucker, p; 

Morris, lb; Neily, 2b; President E. W. Donoghue, 

Boston association, at 3b; Farrell, ss; Skinner, If; 

Harris, cf; Jansen, rf. They are alleged by the jobbers 

to have supplemented some of these stars with 

outsiders, but they deny using any "ringers.'' 

The defeated team, composed of the jobbers, contained 

A'Hearn, c; Connelly, p; Captain Morris, lb; 

Fells, 2b; Cardinal, 3b; Verry, ss; Judge, If; Aubinger, 

rf; McAuliffe, cf; Dix, cf; Brett, 3b; McDonald, 

If. Captain Morris scored the only "Babe Ruth" of 

the game, making the circuit the first time he came to 

bat by knocking the ball well out into the ocean. Activtivities 

had to be delayed for a time until a new ball 

was procured. 

There were various other events and many of the 

members later enjoyed supper at the Palm Garden 

and enjoyed the amusements of that nearby resort. 

President Thompson called a business session during 

the afternoon on the Pemberton Inn veranda. 

After some debate, at wliich a motion to increase the 

states dues $4 was lost, the meeting voted to increase 

the dues $3, which is the additional assessment made 

by the National association as a result of its vote to 

raise the National dues from $2 to $5. This makes 

the total dues paid by members to the state association 

$11 per annum. 

Owing to the fact that the next National convention 

date mav be advanced from June to an earlier date, 

the matter of the date of the next state annual meetir.g 

was left with the Board of Directors and the meeting 

will be called earlier than May if it is found that the 

National meeting is held prior to June. 

Memphis Plumbers' Annual Picnic 

Supply Houses and City Departments Represented 

at Outing at Edgewood Park 

The Master Plumbers' Protective Association of 

Memphis, Tenn., held its annual outing at Edgewood 

Park recently. Members of the trade, their wives and 

children, officers of the city of Memphis, Charles 

Shannon, Commissioner of Finance, Judge Frank 

Guthrie, representatives of the large supply houses, 

Crane & Co. and N. O. Nelson & Co., representatives 

from the Board of Sanitation and Health, were present 

and contributed to the intellectual program. 

Dancing, games, barbecue and a fine dinner were 

other laudatory features. 

The committee from this very active association included 

the following well-known Memphis tradesmen: 

Fred Hauser, chairman; Louis Peoples, Bernie E. 

Klenke, John Gilbert, William H. McMillan, Gus Limberg, 

Pat Kallaher, Oscar Hodges and Louis Barasso. 

Manhattan Plumbers To Use Motor Busses 

Former Plans to Have Special Train Take Guests 

to Outing at Whitestone Landing, L. I., 

Thursday, September 9, Changed 

The Outing Committee of the Association of Master 

Plumbers, Manhattan Branch, has changed its plans 

regarding the transportation of those who attend the 

annual outing at Whitestone Landing, L. I., on Thursday, 

September 9. Instead of the special train, as 

|i'reviousl3 r announced, motor busses will convey the 

guests to the picnic grounds. These busses will leave 

the association rooms, Terrace Garden Building, 155 

East Fifty-eighth Street, promptly at 10 o'clock on 

the morning of September 9. 

An entertaining program has been prepared for the 

day and all who plan to attend should look forward 

to an enjoyable time. 

North Siders Play at Kolze 

Good Turn-out at Annual Picnic of Chicago Plumbers 

on Saturday, August 28 

About 200 members, guests and their families, journeyed 

out to White House Grove, Kolze, 111., on Saturday, 

August 28, for the annual picnic of the North and 

Northwest Master Plumbers' Pleasure Club. President 

Perry Russell arranged for a nice day and the 

weather man did not disappoint him. 

A ball game opened the program, Ernie Wagner 

captained the Plumbers' team and Charley Bishop the 

Salesmen's, while William Baker, Roy Hickey and 

Boothby Wagner were the batteries. The game went 

seven innings and abounded in spectacular plays, the 

plumbers winning by the close score of 6 to 5. Olson's 

batting and Bushneil's shoe-string catches in left field 

were the bright spots in the Salesmen's play and heavy 

hitting was done by A. W. Bahn, Jr., "Bill" Gawne 

and William Adam's for the Plumbers. 

A group picture was taken and then races for 

women, children and men were held. Frank Pierson

322 .METAL WORKER, PLUM 

The North Suburban Master Plumbers' Association 

will have William J. Woolley as its guest at its October 

meeting, to be held in Maiden, Mass., the date 

to be decided. 

• No Outing for Lowell Master Plumbers 

Lowell (Mass.) Master Plumbers' Association has 

voted to dispense with its annual outing this year. A 

large Lowell delegation attended the annual outing 

of the Massachusetts Association, headed by President 

Daniel F. Carroll. 

Outing of North Shore Master Plumbers 

The annual outing of the Massachusetts North 

Shore Master Plumbers' Association was held Wednesday, 

September 1, at Centennial Grove, Essex, 

Mass., with a dinner and sporting program. Activities 

started at 10:30 a. m. 

Lynn Master Plumbers Outing September 16 

The Lynn (Mass.) Master Plumbers' Association 

will hold its annual outing Thursday, September 16, at 

Straightmouth Inn, Rockport, Mass., where the association's 

outing of last year was held and proved 

very successful. There will be an entertainment and 

program of sports in addition to the dinner. President 

George E. Ryan is in charge. 

Standardization of Plumbing Goods 

When so much of the time of the annual meeting 

of the American Society of Sanitary Engineering is 

likely to be given to the standardization of plumbing 

practice, plumbing equipment, plumbing laws of 

everything else that will improve service and decrease 

expense, it is well for the plumbing trade throughout 

the country to reflect upon the effect it would have 

upon their local interests. With the National Standardization 

Committee, composed of manufacturers, 

jobbers, plumbers and engineers, the subject will not 

be passed over lightly, but already steps have been 

taken to reduce costs, reduce lines of goods and to 

simplify work. It is quite possible that some of the 

changes that are recommended and will be carried out 

ER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 

started them on their way and Paul Jacobi and will Secre be attended with some cost to the trade and it is 

tary F. Grosch officiated at the finish line. 

well to look into the matter in advance. 

Between the various events all visited the refresh There is no question but what in the last analysis 

ment booth or danced in the pavilion as suited their a substantial saving will be effected, consequently, 

fancy. 

the standardized program will be put through and 

Supper was enjoyed under the trees at 6:30 and changes will be made. Those who may have some 

the large baskets which were brought in overflowing thoughts to express on this subject can write to the 

were brought to a low level under the attack of keen American Society of Sanitary Engineering, American 

appetites. 

Annex Hotel, St. Louis, Mo., where the meeting will 

After supper prizes were awarded to the winners of be held on Sept. 7, 8 and 9, and their ideas can be 

the races and general dancing was enjoyed. A square presented to the meeting for such benefit as they may 

dance with Harry Snow as caller was a feature and bring. The world war demonstrated beyond all doubt 

caused considerable merriment. 

the necessity as well as the desirability of standardiz 

There was something doing every minute until the ing many products. The subject was discussed by 

outing closed and everybody had a most enjoyable the plumbers at their convention in Pittsburgh and 

time. 

North Suburban Plumhers to Entertain 

many who took part in the discussion will be in St. 

Louis to urge that the advance be made. 

William J. Woolley 

Chicago Building Conditions—Work at 

Standstill—$150,000,000 Work Held Up 

Old Hi Cost has been busy and brought Chicago 

construction practically to a standstill. Except for a 

few theaters, hotels and apartment houses, 60 days 

more will see a complete suspension of activities, according 

to the estimate of E. M. Craig, secretary of 

the Building Construction Employers' Association. 

Prohibitive costs of materials and labor have held 

up $150,000,000 worth of work in the city, it is estimated 

by the city building department. Six months 

ago the curtailment was estimated at $100,000,000, 

which indicates how building enterprise is being cut 

down. 

When estimates are received the prospective builder 

sadly puts the plans back on the shelf. Banks have 

laid down strong rules concerning loans except for essential 

building. Architects are advising clients to 

postpone building until labor and material conditions 

improve. 

The letdown in activities has removed the labo_ 

shortage in the building trades. Plasterers are still 

hard to get, but contractors say carpenters are plentiful, 

so are bricklayers, while common labor, which 

was scarce enough a few months ago to run its scale 

up to $1 an hour—almost to the plane of skilled artisans—is 

now reported quite abundant. It is still drifting 

westward from Pittsburgh, Detroit and other 

points where there has been a sag. The street car 

companies, which are not a half bad barometer, report 

many applications for work. 

Employment is not what might be termed slack, but 

in man • branches men are reported applying for jobs. 

In the plumbing trade the general conditions is one 

of activity aided and abetted by the ability to get 

needed material. Replacement work has been in the 

majority. Any who have had stocks have drawn on 

them heavily and show-room displays have been taken 

when certain fixtures were badly needed. The difficulty 

in getting certain sizes of pipe have liandicapped 

both plumbers and fitters. 

In an effort to facilitate the construction of small 

houses and apartments and relieve the high rent situation, 

twenty-three building material, labor, real! 

estate and banking men of Chicago met on August 27 

at the invitation of A. F. Kramer, president of Chicago* 

Real Estate Board.




J. R. ELLENWOOD, of Ellenwood & Doyle, New 

York City, is leaving this week for a vacation trip in 

Canada. He is traveling by automobile as far as 

Boston, from which city he will ship his car to St. 

Johns, New Brunswick, where he will spend the next 

week or ten days. 

CHARLES P. BYRNE, widely known in the plumbing 

field as a successful business man of Chicago and 

for his long identification with the National Association 

of Master Plumbers, sailed from New York 

on August 5 for a vacation trip in Europe. 

FRANK O. WELLS, formerly president Greenfield 

Tap & Die Corporation, Greenfield, Mass., sailed 

August 28 on the Aquitania from New York for Europe. 

He will visit England, Scotland, Norway, 

Sweden, France, Spain and Italy and plans to be 

away about three months. 

Louis A. DELANEY, formerly mechanical engineer 

with F. X. Hooper Co., Glenarm, Md., is now manager 

of the American Sheet Metal Corporation, Phil 

adelphia. 

PETER MUNN, secretary of the Chicago Master 

Plumbers' Association, is taking a tliree weeks' vaca 

tion in Idaho. 

ANDREW F. CURTIN, Medford, former president of 

the Massachusetts Master Plumbers' Association, has 

been appointed a member of the National Board of 

Directors by National President D. F. Durkin of 

Philadelphia. With National Treasurer Richard J. 

Walsh of Lowell, Mass., they represented the National 

Association at the annual outing of the Massachusetts 

Association at Pemberton, Mass., last week. 

SAMUEL LITTLE, well known to the plumbing trade 

in New England and now in the plumbing supply 

business, pauses to take exceptions to the puns which 

are made concerning sanitary conditions in the country. 

He declares that one does not have to go off 

Broadway in lil old New York to find the old washbowl 

and similar things still in evidence. Little was 

recently in New York and declares he knows whereof 

he speaks. 

Mr. Baker Withdraws from Engineering 

Journalism 

Charles Whiting Baker, for 22 years editor-inchief 

of Engineering News, New York, and in the 

past two years consulting editor of Engineering News- 

Record, has announced his withdrawal from engineering 

journalism. Mr. Baker has established an engineering 

business exchange which will bring togethei 

those who have engineering properties to sell and 

those who seek to make purchases of such properties. 

In the 34 years of his editorial labors he has made 

a voluminous and important contribution to the literature 

of civil engineering. His ideals have been high 

and he has added in no small way to the increasing 

prestige of technical journalism. 

SHEET METAL AND FURNACE 

ANNOUNCEMENT Is MADE that E. E. Zideck, formerly 

associated with the Monticello Auto Radiator 

Co., has now become affiliated with the International 

Radiator Co., 1507 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 111., 

in the capacity of superintendent. Mr. Zideck, who 

has had years of experience in the automobile radiator 

industry, having been connected with some of the 

largest radiator concerns in the country, is satisfied 

that the International honeycomb core, which this firm 

is manufacturing at this time, stands second to none 

on the market to-day. This can be readily appreciated 

by radiator men after carefully examining the 

International core or comparing it with others. 

Make It of Zinc 

Attractively presented in 125 pages are the Proceedings 

of the meeting of the American Zinc Institute 

in Cliicago last May. It will be interesting to all who 

work in sheet metal inasmuch as it gives a clear idea 

of the purposes of the American Zinc Institute to 

acquaint sheet metal workers and all who work in zinc 

with the splendid qualifications it has for this work 

and it contains many papers read at this meeting, as 

well as the discussion of them by the experts who 

were present. It contains portraits of the various officers 

and those who are in charge of the development 

of the industry. 

Tliere are a well-arranged index, a list of officers 

and other information which will make the Proceedings 

valuable to the whole sheet metal trade for the 

information it contains and for reference. 

Oblong, Scjuare or Otherwise 

Illustrated is the square hole design floor register, 

class No. 200, manufactured by Hart & Cooley Co., 

New Britain, Conn. This register brings to mind two 

•l&U__Ulrnjtl_I_:__ r- 

•ILULULULULII . 

LLUILULLILIILU.;: ; 

ILUILULULLILU. . 

__ULU_-UIL-__-i__": 

HUILUIL ______ LIL . 

UULULULULUL. 

'iLLILULLJLLJLUM; 

JULLILLILIJLLL'mULUILULLILLL,'. 

J LILULLILULU : SQUARE HOLE DESIGN- 

ULULULULliUJ. FLOOR REGISTER : 

ll LJLUL UL ULd •' 

r'rt'tL'fcL't.L'fciiri 

selling points. First, the H. & C. high standard of 

constniction; secondly, the type of face. 

Modern homes require modern appliances that will 

comply in line and detail with the design and furnishings 

of the room in which they are placed. This fur-

321 -iETAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 

nishes the furnaceman with a selling point which can 

be used to the greatest of advantage, as the interest of 

the prospect can be centered in the design or selection 

of the type of registers which are to be used. Thus he 

becomes a partner in the design and will give his work 

to the furnaceman who is thoughtful enough to take up 

these details with him. Housewives will be particularly 

interested in these small details. They can be 

capitalized to jour advantage. 


THE SMITH & EGGE MANUFACTURING CO., Bridgeport, 

Conn., has for distribution its new catalog No. 

10, which will be of interest to plumbers and fitters 

as it illustrates plumbers' link chain, both brass and 

steel, basin, bath and wash-tray chains, split links, 

double-jointed chains and its line of jack chain. This 

catalog can be had upon request. 

THE BEATON & CALDWELL MANUFACTURING CO., 

New Britain, Conn., has for distribution folders illustrating 

and describing the Vacco Air Valve. This 

valve is a new addition to its line and is especially 

designed for use in connection with automatic vacuum 

steam heating. Folders can be had by the trade upon 

request. 

THE HANDSOME NEW CATALOG, just issued by C. 

F. Church Manufacturing Co., Holyoke, Mass., enumerates 

the many different styles of closet seats manufactured 

by this company. It contains many new 

styles which have been added to its already extensive 

line since the former catalog was published. This 

catalog will be of great assistance to plumbers in selling 

high-class closet seats and can be had upon request 

to the Church company at the above address. 

THE EXCELSO SPECIALTY WORKS, 119 Clinton 

Street, Buffalo, N. Y., are issuing bulletins covering 

their new style of water heater. These bulletins show 

a sectional view of the Excelso and the method of attaching 

to steam boilers and storage tanks. Bulletins 

can be had by addressing the Excelso Specialty 

Works. 

Heating and Plumbing Trade 

of Memphis, Tenn. 

The autumn approach is developing some large 

undertakings in Memphis just as others are being 

finished. The three big theater job are rapidly nearing 

completion, the State, the Palace and the Pantages. 

The Memphis Packing Co. is getting under way; the 

I ten Biscuit Co., Omaha, Neb., has let to the Alexander 

Construction Co., Memphis, the contract for its 

half million dollar 8-story biscuit factory that has 

started on Florida Avenue. The Quaker Oats Co. 

plant on the Frisco tracks and Linden Street car line 

is going up. Each of these will include considerable 

sheet metal, blow pipe and fine copper work. Numerous 

automobile structures likewise are sharing in the 

roofing end of the trade. Dave Dermon, a well-known 

sheet metal contractor of Memphis, is building one or 

two large automobile structures which will be among 

the largest in this very active auto center. One automobile 

factory is being erected. 

In the heating end of the trade, with numerous business 

structures and residences started, furnace people 

report good activities. The following firms report 

many contracts and a fine outlook for fall trade: Mr. 

Eichberg of Jefferson Avenue; C. Wessendorf & Co., 

Washington Avenue; the Memphis Heating Co., North 

Second Street; Mr. Holland of Cooper Avenue and 

Mr. Hendrix of Lamar Boulevard. Crops are good in 

the South this year and much building scheduled for 

the spring will take place this fall. 

Mueller Day in Decatur Enjoyed 

Headed by a color guard, the parade line-up of the 

H. Mueller Manufacturing Co., Decatur, 111., in 

charge of Marshal Maynard Kinder, on August 21, 

included the factory band, officers of the firm, salesmen 

in light-colored suits, girls of the factory, floats 

of products, machine-shop drum corps and a large 

number of employees and their families. Special cars 

took them to Fairview Park, where the athletic program 

was in charge of E. H. Langdon. Philip Cruikshank 

started the contestants on their wav and Everitt 

Mueller was the judge at the finish line. 

At noon a picnic lunch was enjoyed and then the 

salesmen staged a 5-inning indoor baseball game followed 

by a tug-of-war. An exciting volley ball game 

was played between teams captained by Prank Mueller 

and Robert Lusk and then came a baseball game 

between the East and West Siders. 

The feature of the afternoon was the minstrel show 

given by the office and factory forces, which was a 

source of much merriment. The stage was located 

at the foot of a hill and the spectators enjoyed the 

performance from the grassy seats above. L. H. Burleigh 

directed the show, which had J. H. McCormick 

as interlocutor, and endmen were Collins, Henrich, 

Kirchener, Logsdon, Jett, Moore, Marker and Lincoln. 

Solos were rendered by Adolph Mueller, E. 

E. Powell, L. J. Evans, Geo. Wree and T. J. Leary, 

and J. P. Stenner gave monologues. 

Choral singing was led bv C. G. Auer. in which 

all took part. 

The "49" Club, the salesmen's organization, pulled 

off its scheduled initiation and called upon President 

W. F. McCarthy of Philadelphia to be the candidate. 

In appreciation of his efforts during the past two 

years the club presented him with a gold pocket knife 

and chain. At 6 o'clock the club was entertained b} 7 

the company at dinner and elected W. L. Jett, Los 

Angeles, Cal., president, and Charles Ford, Washington, 

D. C, vice-president. 

The other picnickers enjoyed supper in the pavilion 

and a program of motion pictures was given on the 

lawn immediately following. The day's program closed 

with a dance in the pavilion. 

The large display board with the complete line of 

products made by the company and used at the Pittsburgh 

convention was displayed. 

The day was notable in several ways, and one was 

the fact that it was the first time in the history of the 

annual picnics that no $500 men were honored, as no 

one had completed 20 years' continuous service this 

year. Next year there will be a number who will receive 

the $500 in gold which the company awards to 

employes who have made this record.




Black and Oalvanized Sheets—Production improved. Will 

increase in price. 

Tin Plate—More stock available for jobbers. 

Tin—Continued stagnation. 

Copper—Demand dull, inquiries liglit. 

Zine—Demand dull. 

A ntimony—Inactive. 

Foundry Coke—Quiet. 

Linseed Oil—Demand light; price fluctuating. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Stocks better, prices down. 

Improvement in Transportation 

tfTT The feature of the market this week is the imjj 

proved transportation facilities and a general 

indication that the drift is now in the direction of 

normal conditions. This does not mean that the rail 

road situation is by any means satisfactory, but it is 

considerably better than six weeks ago. Iron and 

steel, with fuel, and tlie products therefrom are moving 

with greater freedom both to the mills and from 

them. The good crops comprise a substantial foundation 

for a solid business basis. While there has been 

some recession of industrial activity it is no more 

than is to be expected, and even desired as paving 

the way for the longed-for return to normal. The 

general trend of prices is downward and the labor 

market is improving as to supply. As the period ot 

price restrictions is left farther and farther behind, 

the infallible force of supply and demand is working 

towards pre-war conditions. The money market remains 

tight but in banking circles there is a much 

more hopeful condition. 


New York.—Some iron has been bought for this year 

by interests whose purchases are made in New York for 

plants in other sections of the country. No encouragement 

appears to be given to buying at present high prices for 

delivery in 1921, the fact being that all furnaces are quite 

sure to carry over considerable undelivered iron into the 

new year, and consequently most foundries will have iron 

coming to them at the close of this year. The freight increase 

as of August 26 is so large that foundries will figure 

more than ever on getting iron from furnaces from which 

the haul is shortest, and this factor may lead to some shifts 

in the competitive line-up as it has existed in the past year. 

We quote for early delivery in the Xew York district as 

follows: 

East Pa., No. 1 fdv., sil. 2.75 to 3.25 $54.52 to $55.52 

East Pa., No. 2X fdy., sil. 2.25 to 2.75 52.77 to 53.77 

East Pa., 2 fdv., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 51.52 to 52.52 


No. 2 Virginia, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 53.S7 to 55.87 

Cleveland.—Buying of foundry pig iron for next year, 

which never became very active after it started several 

weeks ago, has fallen off and sales in the week were very 

light. A Cleveland interest that heretofore has not taken 

orders for the first half is now making sales of foundry 

pig iron for that delivery subject to paper quotations at 

the end of the month previous to shipment and has closed 

with a number of its customers on that basis. There has 

been a further holding up of iron shipments by automobile 

companies and foundries engaged in automobile work which 

are reducing their stocks of raw material. 

We quote delivered Cleveland as follows, based on the new 

_, g S_ . ates _ these beln & a 5 6c switching charge for local iron, 

a V XXf ght T. ate from Val 'ey points, a 3.36 rate from Jackson 

and 6.67 from Birmingham. 

Northern No. 2 fdy., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 $50 56 

Southern fdy.. sil. 2.25 to 2.75 49.92 

Ohio silvery sil. 8 per cent A.. 63.36 

Philadelphia.—While the pig iron market is not active 

sales and inquiries in the past week were in contrast with 

the extreme quietness of several preceding weeks. Inquiries 

for foundry iron for next year are taken as an 

indication in some quarters that another iron buying movement 

is in the making. There is some confusion as to the 

amount of the freight rate advance on Virginia iron. 

Even among the railroads there is a difference of opinion, 

some maintaining that the roads are entitled to a 40 per 

cent advance, while others say that 33 1-3 is the correct 

increase. It is possible that some consumers will ask the 

Interstate Commerce Commission to decide the point as the 

difference is 27c a ton. 



iron, which are f.o.b. furnace: 

East Pa., No. 2 plain. 1.75 to 2.25 sil $52.26 to $52.24 

East Pa., No. 2X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 53.51 to 53.79 

Virginia No. 2 olain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil 55.47 

Virginia No. 2X, 2.25 lo 2.75 sil 56.72 

Chicago.—Except for a Michigan inquiry for 2,600 

tons of malleable and foundry for first half delivery, the 

market is very quiet. Another Southern furnace has opened 

its books for next year at $42, base, Birmingham, although 

it has no foundry of less than 2.75 per cent silicon to offer. 

This makes four Southern makers that are known to be 

again quoting a $42 base, although so far as is known only 

one has reduced the differentials for silicon contents. 



irons, including low phosphorus, which are f.o.b. furnace 

and do not include a switching charge averaging 70c per ton. 

Xorthern coke, No. 1, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 $48.25 


Xorthern coke foundry, No. 2, sil. 1.75 to 

2.25 last half «•«> 

Northern coks. No. 2 spot 46..J 

Southern coke, No. 1 foundry and No. 1 

soft, sil. 2.75 to 3.25 • $50.92 to 51.87 

Southern coke, No. 2 foundry, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 49.92 to 50.37 


Cincinnati.—The local market is extremely quiet. Few 

inquiries are being received and interest in iron for first 

half of next year has practically died out. A few sales 

for nearby delivery are being made, but these are usually 

confined to small lots. Some foundries making automobile 

castings have asked for suspensions of shipments but up to 

date the amount of resale iron coming on the market has 

been small and has been absorbed at the market prices. 

Transportation conditions have shown much improvement, 

and iron is now moving more freely. 

OLD MATERIALS 


Ironton, we quote f.o.b. Cincinnati: 

Scrap Southern Iron, coke, New York.—On sil. 1.75 to some 2.25 grades base price of scrap .. $46.50 to $47.50 

consumers Southern are coke, paying sil. 2.25 the to recent 2.75 (No increase 2 soft) . in 47.75 freight, o 48.75 while 

on the Southern other Ohio grades coke, the sil. increase 1.75 to 2.25 must (No. be 2).. borne 48.52 by to the 49.52 shipper, 

if he wishes to sell. The consumer pays in instances 

where the demand for material is good enough to enable 

brokers to obtain higher prices. Yard dealers and other 

shippers of scrap are not willing, in many instances, to

326 

ETAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 

accept lower prices for their material, f. o. b. shipping 

points. They are holding for a better demand. 

Local demand for cast scrap is good and prices are higher: 

Trices which dealers in New Vork and Brooklyn are quoting 

to local foundries, per gross ton: 

No. 1 machinery cast 42.50 to 43.50 

-No. 1 heavy cast (columns, building materials 

etc.), cupola size 42.50 to 43.50 

Ao. i heavy cast, not cupola size 30.00 to 31.00 

«0. 2 cast (radiators, cast boilers, etc.) 29.00 to 30.00 

Scrap Iron, Chicago.—Buying has given strength to 

heavy melting and allied grades, while the absence of activity 

in rolling mill and gray iron scrap has left prices 

dormant and in some cases weaker in those classes of material. 

There has been further buying of malleable by important 

local interests, but the highest price paid was $32.50 

per gross ton. Stove plate has advanced. 

No. 1 cast 35.00 to 35.50 


Locomotive tires, smooth 24.UO to 24.50 


last borings u 5 0 t0 14M 


(.rate bars 29.00 to 29.50 

rake shoes 26.00 to 26.50 

bailroad Malleable 28.50 to 29 (X) 

Agricultural malleable 28 00 to 2S 50 

Country mixed 17.00 to 18^00 

Scrap Iron, Pittsburgh.—Still higher prices have been 

established in the week under review on the steel works 

grades, as a result of further purchases bv United States 

Steel Corporation subsidiaries. Dealers are paving a good 

deal of attention these days to the new freight rates, because, 

up to date, they have not been able to secure price 

adjustments in contracts against which they were unable 

to complete deliveries before the new rates became effective, 

although it was through no fault of theirs that tne 

contracts were not fulfilled. 

Wc quote for deliverv to consumers' mills in the Pittsburgh 

and other districts that take Pittsburgh freight rates as follows: 

Cast iron wheels $43.00 to 44.00 

Rolled steel wheels 31.00 to 32 00 

Machine shop turnings 16.50 to 17^00 


Heavy steel axle turnings 2-1.00 to 25.00 






Per Net Ton 

Old Metals, New York-The market is quiet. Dealers' 

buying prices are nominally as follows: 





Brass, light 7.25 




Lead, heavy 7.50 to 7.75 

Lead, tea 5.00 to 5.25 

Zinc 5.25 to 5.50 

Old Metals, Chicago.—rhere is little activity in this 

market. Dealers' buying prices follow: 



Vellow brass, borings 9.00 






Tea lead 5.00 


Block tin pine 40.00 

Zinc 5.00 


Old Jletals, Boston.—Only minor changes were noticed 

in old metals although the demand shows a tendency to 

become firmer. Aluminum clemand is much improved 

with lead and zinc firm. Red metals were in rather uncertain 

demand. Dealers are nominally paying as follows: 




Heavy machine composition, red brass 14.75 to 15.25 

Composition turnings No. 1 11.50 to 12.00 





Zinc 5.25 to 5.75 

Pewter No. 1 34.00 to 36.00 

Clean cast aluminum .. 22.50 to 23.00 



BURT GLASS TOP VENTILATORS 

May be used for practically any type of building. Especially 

suitable for residences as the combination of clear light and 

fresh air they supply makes the attic useful and comfortable. 

It also improves; the air throughout the entire building. 

Ventilator may be closed easily without obstructing the light. 

Write for our latest 128-page catalog and prices 

THE BURT MANUFACTURING COMPANY 

300 Main Street, Akron, Ohio, U. S. A. 

Geo. W. Reed & Co., Montreal, Sole Manufacturers of "Burt" Ventilators for Canada


Old Rubber.—the old rubber market is weak and inactive. 


Boots and shoes 6 to 6 l A 

Trimmed Arctics 5 to 5J4 

Auto tires 2*"4 

Bicycle tires 2 

Solid tires '. 2 to 2;_ 

No. 1 inner tubes 12 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4 1 . 

Mixed red scrap - 3K to 4 

Mixed black scrap \\7. to 2 

Cotton fire hose 15. 

Garden hose _v to 1 

Old Rags.—Demand in the old rags market is fair. 

Wholesale dealers' prices are: 

No. 1 whites $10.50 to $11.00 

No. 2 whites 5.50 to 5.75 





Paper Stock.—A steady demand is reported in the 

paper stock market and prices are lower. Wholesale dealers' 

buying quotations for New York are: 


Crumpled news 1.75 


New York, September 3, 1920. 

Black anil Galvanized Sheets.—The black and galvanized 

section of the market at the mills is an exception 

to a statement already made in these pages to the effect 

that the general trend of prices downward. There has 

been a $10 advance on both black and galvanized, bringing 

black up to 7c base at the mills and 8.50c for 28-gauge. 

The more hopeful among producers are expecting a general 

advance but aside from the adjustment for freights the 

facts would not seem to warrant any increase. 

Tin Plate.—As the canning season advances there is 

more tin plate available for jobbers and local jobbers report 

better receipts. 

Copper.— The month of August was the quietest copper 

month of the year with the last week recording a low ebb 

so far as demand was concerned. There seems to be a general 

expectation in the market, that a new buying movement 

is to set in and producers are looking for a new situation. 

Zinc.— There has been some foreign buying, with the 

market more quiet and easy here. There seems to have been 

some holding off on the part of buyers in anticipation of 

lower prices but there is no disposition on the part of producers 

to give way on present quotations. 

Lead.— There is a continuation of foreign buying of 

lead but the domestic market remains quiet. Any quotations 

that have been made are for the most part but 

nominal. 

Tin.—There oas been a down offering of tin but this 

has produced little if any business as there is but light 

demand. The whole situation is rather unsatisfactory with 

consumers showing little disposition to cover or buy in any 

quantities. 

Tin I'late, Pittsburgh.—The leading interest is making 

a better showing in the matter of mill operations due 

to larger supplies of steel from its regular sources and 

because of improved car supplies has been able to largely 

reduce its mill accumulations of finished material. It has 

not, however, made much of an inroad on its obligations 

and is out of the market for business for delivery over the 

remainder of this year. Labor does not seem to be getting 

any more efficient and this is holding in check the independent 

makers in their effort to catch up with their orders. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh.—It is not generally admitted, but 

it is apparent from reports from some sources that the 

edge is off the demand and to some extent also off prices. 

While there are reports of bookings by independent makers 

at above 10c for galvanized sheets, the more general maximum 

on this kind of material is 9.50c, and the tonnage being 

entered at above 9c is not heavy. 


SATISFACTION 

300,000 

Vogel Frost Proof 


% w 



Closets. 












part of closet when not 

in operation. 

Get VOGELS 

your jobber. 


from 


Wilmington 

Delaware 

Linseed Oil.— Business in the linseed oil market is 

quiet and the tone unsettled. In lots of 5 bbl. and over, 

city raw American seed is quoted at $1.30 to $1.3.5 and 

out-of-town raw American seed is quoted at $1.30 to $1.35. 

fn lots of less than 5 bbl., 3c more per gallon is asked. 

Boiled oil brings 2c more per gallon than raw oil. 

Spirits of Turpentine.—Demand in the spirits of turpentine 

market is very light and prices have declined. In 

machine barrels in yard, wholesale price is $1.50 per gal. 

Rosin.— The tone of the rosin market is quiet and 

easier. On the basis of 280 lb. to the barrel, the wholesale 

price of common-to-good strained is $14. Grade D is $15. 

UEHLING INSTRUMENT CO., 71 Broadway, New 

York City, has just issued Bulletin No. Ill describing 

Style U Uehling CO* (carbon dioxide) equipment. 

This is a new design built in single and multiple forms, 

the latter serving any number of steam boilers simul 

taneously, up to a total of six. The purpose of this 

equipment is to save fuel by burning it with the proper 

air supply. Neglect of this factor is costing power 

plant owners heavily. Among the notable features of 

tlie new machine are speedy action, resulting from a 

new form of aspirator, absence of chemical solutions, 

greater simplicity and the unique plan of providing 

an auxiliary boiler front CO* indicator, which guides 

the fireman, while the CO recorder, installed in the 

chief engineer's or superintendent's office, makes a 

continuous (not intermittent) record showing all 

changes in boiler adjustments that are conducive to 

either waste or economy.

328 .METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 3, 1920 






with wide ranges in 










ALUMINUM- 

5 in 4.25 4.05 3.00 ROSIN— 

NO. 1 aluminum guaranteed over 5". in 4.90 4.50 3.50 Common to good strained (whole 

99% pure, in ingots for remelt 6 in 5.05 4.75 4.00 sale), 280 lbs., per bbl $14.00 

ing, 100-lb. lots—37 to 39c. 7 in 6.50 7.50 SHEETS— 

ANTIMONY— 




Cents per lb. 

9c to 10c Plain Round and Corrugated- No. 10, per lb 6.50-8.00 

BRASS, ROLL AND SHEET— All sizes up to 6 in 5C% No. 12, per lb 6.55-8.05 


No. 14, per lb 6.60-8.10 

BISMUTH— 




CONDUCTORS— 


Soft Steel 

Corrugated— 

Furnace Pipe and Fittings- No. 18 to 20, per lb 8.80-10.80 


Standard list..Prices on application No. 22 to 24, per lb 8.85-10.85 


No. 26, per lb 8.90-10.90 

Toncan or ingot 15% American Pig, pen lb. ..lie to U'/iC No. 27, per lb 8.95-10.95 

Copper 10% Bar. per lb 12c to 13c No. 28, per lb 9.00-11.00 

Spiral Lock Seam Pipe- METAL LATH— 

No. 29, per lb 9.05-11.05 

Galvanized 20% Under 100 sq. yd. per sq. yd. 40c No. 30, per lb 9.25-11.25 





10c higher 

(See also elbows and shoes; Lead, American White, In Oil, Wellsville Polished— 

Eaves Trough Mitres; Strainer., kegs less than 500 lbs., 15}_c 20 gauge 11.60 

Conductor.) 

Lead, White, in Oil, 25-lb. tin 22 and 24 gauge 11.70 


pails; add to keg price Y\n 26 gauge 11.80 

(See Strainers, Conductor.) Lead, Red, in Oil, less than 500 28 gauge 12.00 

COPPER— 

lbs., 15c 

Galvanized— 

Lake ingot 21-21 J/c Dry Colors- 

Cents per lb. 


Nos. 12 and 14 9.10-11.10 

Casting 19J4-20C 

Per 100 lbs., 2>4 to 5c No. 16 9.25-11.25 

COPPER SHEETS 


Nos. 18 and 20 9.40-11.40 

Hot Rolled, 24-oz. base price, per Brown, per ton $32.00 to $36.00 Nos. 22 and 24 9.25-11.55 

lb., 29"_c mill. 

Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 No. 26 9.70-11.70 


No. 27 9.85-11.85 

and over. 

Linseed City Raw ....$1.30 to $1.35 No. 28 10.00-12.00 

For less than 100-lb. lots, 2c per lb. Linseed, Boiled, advance, per No. 30 10.50-13.00 

advance. 

gal 2c No. 28 and lighter, 36 in. wide, 

Colled Rolled, 2c 14 and heavier Out of Town American Seed 

20c higher 

per lb. advance over hot rolled. at $1.30 to $1.35 Corrugated Roofing—Galvanized— 



2J_ in. corrugations, 30 per 100 lbs. 

long 48 in. In Machine Bbl $1.50 over flat sheets. 

and to PUTTY— 

Corrugated Roofing—Paintedless 

96.in. Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c Prices quoted on application. 

sq. ft. sq. ft. In 1-lb to 5-lb. tins, 6.00 to 7.35c 2 




Planished, 1J.C per sq. ft. more White Japan or Electro plate and 



Bottom, Pitts and Flats, 24 oz. Wall Frames 20% 



larger 40% 

long 


and Over Base Board Intakes 20% 

less 96.in. White Enameled Goods 5% 

sq. ft. sq. ft. Solid Brass or Bronze Goods, ex 

20 in. wide and under 5c 6c cept Grilles Net 

Over 20 in. to 48 in. wide 6c 7c Grilles in Black and White Japan 

Over 48 in. wide 7c 8c or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain 







EAVES TROUGH MITERS— 1-Ply Tarred Paper, per ton, 


$102.00 




ELBOWS- 


NO. 1 No. 2 No. 3 


4 in $4.00 $3.90$ 2.75 


4". in 4.10 3.95 2.85 



1 Prices of Solder indicated by 

private brands very according to 

composition. 




5-lb. cans, each $3.00 


Gallon $1.25 




gal $1.75 




per lb. 


4c per lb. 


2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 

Copper $2.80 $3.75 $5.75 $9.00 dz. 

Galv 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 dz. 








IC, 14x20 $16.50 

IX, 14 x 20 18.75 

IXX, 14 x 20 20.50 

IXXX, 14 x 20 22.25 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 


IC, 14 x 20 $14.25 

IX, 14 x 20 16.25 

IXX, 14 x 20 18.00 

IXXX, 14x20 19.75 

IXXXX. 14 x 20 21.50 



>_-in. Corrugation 

80-lb $11.80 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

90-lb 11.90 

No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

100-lb 12.00 

No. 26, per 100 sq. ft. 

IC 12.25 

No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

IX 13.25 


IXX 14.25 

F. O. B. cars. Quarry Station. IXXX 15.25 





No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 IC. 14 x 20 9.50 




Vermont— 


STORM-PROOF 



Red 22.00 30-lb. Coating 13.50 

Maine— 



M. F. Grade 13.50 

is the Ventilator No. 1 with a constant $14.00 40-lb Coating 15.00 


STRONG, 40-lb. roll STEADY 2.25 Per PULL lb. in 5-lb. bags 22c 

SOLDER— outward of impure air, ZINC etc. SHEETS— 

1 

-• to J. guaranteed 38c Western Slabs 10-llc 

ROYALS VENTILATE FROM THE 

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The ROYAL, is built for DURABILITY and HIGHEST efficiency. 





ROYAL VENTILATOR COMPANY 

420 LOCUST STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA.




FLORAL PARK, N. Y., SETEMBER 10, 1920. 



Copyright 1920 by tlie Arcliitectuial 


THE PATO TTHAT LEADS 

VOLUME fit, No. 11 

TO MONEY (N THE BANK 

Do Not Overlook These Things —They Are the Mickles 

That Make the Muckle—There Are No Exceptions 

Editor's Note—Whether you have, been 

in business for 10 years or for 2 months, 

the suggestions contained in these articles, 

uf which this is the second, made by men 

who have been ihrough the mill and have 

profited by Iheir experiences, ought to interest 

you. This is a sample of thi' kind of 

aid you will obtain by making a habit of 

reading the paper weekly. 

W E L L bought is half sold" is a good and true 

saying. But to overbuy just because tempting 

prices are offered is foolish. Buy so that a 

good variety is secured. Even if the discounts are not 

so good and the express charges amount to more in 

buying little and often, it is the safe 

Purchasing game to play. A few months' experience 

Wisely shows the quantity of goods that can be 

counted upon as sure to be sold. The 

shop with all its fittings bins half full is better 

equipped to do business than with some of them 

empty and the rest overflowing. 

Study the purchasing power of tlie people you are 

asking for business. If they are round front enameled 

iron lavatory people don't stock up on solid 

porcelain. At the same time don't be afraid to recommend 

a high-grade article if there is any possible 

chance of selling it. If there is a showroom, show a 

real good fixture or set of fixtures and one of the standard 

type that sells freely to every user. Then if the 

possibilities are there you will miss no chances. 

Even if one cannot make an imposing display, at 

least an attractive one can be made. Spotless 

ware looks best. An hour or two in 

thc week will keep everything in the store 

looking its best. Keep it clean. Sweep 

and dust the place yourself if you cannot 

get anyone else to do it. 

Provide a place for everything and insist 

on tilings being kept in their places. Get 

thc best too] equipment you ean afford. 

Keep a cheek on the tools so that you know 

if any of them have been left on jobs. It's 

•asy to lose them. Make it easy to find them again. 

Keep ., a proper cliarge and credit system for all 

atcrials taken out either on contract or day work. 

Don't let a single item of merchan- 

Your dise go out until it has been charged 

Bookkeeping to the job it is going to. Credit 

what comes back and you cannot 

lose. Keep a proper record of all expense on your 

jobs. Charge it as it is incurred. Don't wait until 

the job is finished before entering incidental expenses. 

Find out what every contract job costs you. File 

the cost sheets so that you can compare them when 

other jobs of a similar nature arc to be estimated. 

Vou always can measure the material required for any 

job, large or small, but the element that requires 

judgment is that of labor and expense in handling. 

The closer you keep account of your costs the closer 

you will be able to figure them. 

Your first year gives you something definite to work 

on. Until then you must assume that it costs you as 

much as the other shops of your class to do business. 

The overhead costs in plumbing, sheet metal and heat-

330 METAL WORKER, PLUMB 

Kit AND STEA.M F I T T E R SEPTEMBEB 10, 1920 

ing shops in the country, with volumes of business ean. run If you collect closely, you can make money by 

ning from $10,000 to $30,000 average'about 23 per 

taking discounts. If your standing at 

cent, on the sales. Use this figure until you know defi Taking the bank is good, it may pay you to 

nitely what your percentage is. Add to it Your borrow now and again to take discounts. 

The the amount you desire to make. If you Discounts But if you borrow, then meet your notes 

Inventor)) find that when your first inventory is 

on time or before. Accommodation 

taken, you have earned more than you loans are easier to secure when the bank knows that 

set out to, you can be assured that you are conducting the borrower's word is good. 

your business as efficiently a.s the average shop. If you Employ the best men )'ou can get. It pays. Let 

can conduct it at lower cost, you are better situated to them understand that your policy is to do the best 

get business in competition and earn a profit on it. If work that can be done; that even if a customer is 

you have not earned what you expected, it is time to fussy, he must have courteous treatment and that you 

make a close inspection of your costs so as to find out want your customers to like the men as well as the 

why they arc higher than the average. 

work you do. When they find that cus- 

After your first inventory make a statement of your Your tomers call for them they will be as 

costs every 3 months and check up. Set a mark for Workmen well pleased as you should be. If you 

your annual business. If you have done $40,000 and Your find that a good and competent workworth 

of business the first year try to get $.5,000 Customers man has failed to make a hit with a 

worth the second. But do not get it by sacrificing 

customer do not take it for granted that 

your profit. Thc overhead cost will not be reduced he has been careless or that the customer is a sore 

thereby. But you will soon find that the profit will head. If possible, go yourself and find out the reason 

be reduced. 

for the dissatisfaction. Probably some mannerism 

Pay no attention to the prices quoted by your com offended the customer. You almost always can 

petitors. Your costs are not theirs. If you cannot smooth over the difficulty and next time send another 

take jobs on your figures so as to make a profit let man. 

them go, and look for others. You'll Send out bills promptly. Send a statement at the 

Making lose less that way. If, meantime, you first of each month and state your credit terms plainly 

I our Prices are making a reputation for good serv- on the statement. At least give your customers an 

Right ice you will find the others without opportunity to pay on time. If tbey do not, it is 

trouble. Sometimes those shops which time to explain that you expect prompt attention to 

try to grab off all the work at keen prices are so 

your requests just as much as they do to 

filled up with it and so much engaged in trvirig to Collecting their orders. If you find it more conget 

out of it with whole skins that they have no time Your venient to collect by mail, use your own 

to look after the more profitable kind. 

Bills letters rather than the cut-and-dried col 

You will come in some days with a grouch on. Try 

lection service kind. Your knowledge 

to keep it to yourself. If customers seem to be un of your customers will enable you to approach them 

reasonable try your best to meet them according to their standing, characteristics and habits 

Controlling civilly at least. Think what you like with letters suited to the case. A stereotyped appeal 

I our about them but don't say it. It takes or request may receive only a passing thought. One 

Disposition two to make a quarrel. The one who that hits the recipient squarely according to his type 

can keep cool always comes out best. generalh' brings home the money. 

This is easier to advise than to practice; but never Use good stationery. Be businesslike in making 

mind, try it. 

agreements. Specify conditions clearly when making 

Try to be courteous to every salesman who call on contracts. Do not give discounts indiscriminately. 

you. He is not a criminal even if he wants to take Make your prices uniform. Arrive at them by mark 

up your time when you don't need any- 

ing up the profit you desire on top of the 

Your thing and are busier than a dog with In percentage it costs to conduct your busi- 

Treatment fleas. Very likely he may be able to General ness. Do not be afraid to place tliese 

of Salesmen do vou a favor some time and almost al 

prices on your goods but quote the same 

ways he can tell yon something that it price to every customer. A concession to one makes 

would pay you to know. If you cannot give him an dissatisfaction to another if he hears about it and too 

order, tell him so pleasantly and he will count vou often the bargain hunter is fond of boasting about his 

as a good fellow at least. And it is a good policy to good buying. 

have everyone possible think well of you. 

Read trade papers. They are the best buyers' di 

If an agent for a credit rating house asks some rectory you can find. Watch the advertising and you 

questions which you think are none of his business, will be well posted on the progress of your trade. 

remember that you are asking business houses to trust Read the market pages, the descriptions of new goods, 

you with tlieir money and that they are entitled to 

the current articles on installation of all 

know how much protection they are going to have. When euipment you are interested in. Then, 

Credit does not always go according to financial stand 1 ou Are when a customer comes in and asks vou 

ing. Honesty, character and the keeping of promises at Home about some specialty that he has seen ad 

get the high ratings. Never ignore a letter asking for 

vertised in a popular magazine or has seen 

payment of an overdue bill. If you cannot meet it on in operation somewhere, you can demonstrate vour 

time, explain why and say when you can meet it. familiarity with it, and nine times out of ten get his 

Then do so by hook or by crook and you will have no order. 

trouble in getting credit. 

You cannot sit back and rest on your laurels even 

Take advantage yourself of discounts whenever vou if you have been a cracker-jack journeyman and are

SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 M E T A L WORK E R , P L U M B E R A N I) S T E A M F I T T E R 

well known in your community. People expect to 

be told of new goods and improved methods. The 

trade papers are the mediums in which you 

Reading will find them. Get the wrappers off and 

Trade study the inside after business hours 

Papers when you have time to do it properly. Get 

interested in them. Contribute to them occasionally. 

Your experience may be of great value to 

others in the trade. And in giving what you know you 

are doing yourself good. It comes back to 

some shape or form eventuallv. 

you in 

Storage Shed for Pipe 

or Conduit 1 

MethodV Constructing Convenient Rack for 

Storing Sizes Infrequently Used 

By CHARLES F. KERNAN 

A S H E D of economical construction for the storage 

of wrought-iron pipe or conduit is shown in Fig. 

1. Such a rack can be built by any of the mechanics 

around an establishment at odd times when 

they would be doing nothing if not thus working at 

odd jobs. It is particularly convenient for storingtubes 

of the infrequently used sizes, of whicli but small 

quantities are carried in stock. With the pipes stored 

properly in the shed, each size has a "pigeon hole," as 

it were, and a workman can go to the rack and at once 

pull out a length of the diameter he desires. 

MATERIALS USED 

Yellow pine sticks, 5x5 in., are used for the upright 

posts. For the cross bars, 1-in. iron pipes or 

conduits are utilized. As will be noted, the rack consists 

of five units. Each unit comprises five 5x5 

uprights and the iron pipe cross bars. After the five 

units were assembled they were erected to a vertical 

position and then braced with two ] /4 x 1%-in. strap 

iron bars, wliich were arranged diagonally as shown. 

When first erected, the rack need not be roofed. 

Later, a roof composed mainly of boards from large 

(jacking boxes and sheathed over with buildhu 

may be applied. 

paper 

Construction in Many Lines Retarded 

Testimony offered at the hearings before the 

Cnited States Interstate Commerce Commission on the 

'Copyright—All Rights Reserved. 

?x4* ?2* 9 J_,__ &"/3xS' ''TctrPapero. 

WWlZA\ 

DETAILS OK STORAGE SHED 

k 

331 

application of the railroads for increased freight rates 

has made it clear that it is not only houses for workmen 

but construction work of all kinds that has suffered 

from the prevailing high cost of materials and 

labor. 

According to a general consensus of opinion as 

expressed in engineering and railroad journals, we are 

nearer ten years than five years behind in many lines 

of engineering work. 

Few of the states have taken full advantage of 

the Federal appropriation for good roads. Waterpower 

development is far behind the natural growth 

which, under normal conditions, would have resulted 

from the demands of industry and the needs of communities 

for electric lighting and power, but for the 

deterring effect of exorbitant first costs. Inland 

waterways for the transportation of slow and heavy 

freights exist, for the most part only on paper. 

Worst of all is the inadequacy of the country's 

railroad mileage. One of the busiest railroads of the 

country has issued a statement to its customers to the 

effect that its operation is hampered by the number 

of cars being handled at the same time" on its tracks 

—in otlier words, on that line, and doubtless on mainothers, 

the shortage of roadbed and tracks is fully as 

great a handicap to efficient transportation as is the 

shortage of cars. 

Two conclusions are being drawn from these facts: 

First, that there is due a new impulse to industry, 

bringing in a new period of prosperity, in the great 

era of extensive and highly necessary construction 

work that lies just ahead; and, second, that an abundant 

supply of common labor is the need of the hour 

and the key to the industrial situation to-day.—Indus 

trial News Survey. 

NATIONAL CITY BANK, New York, issues statement 

to effect that manufactures continue outstanding feature 

of this country's foreign trade. They form 52 

per cent, of U. S. exports in current calendar year 

.and in May and June were 56 per cent as compared 

with 43 per cent in corresponding months of 1919. 

Estimated total value of manufactures exported from 

this country in 1.920 will not only be largest it bas 

ever recorded but will substantially exceed $.,000,- 

000,000. In 1911 calendar year they amounted to a 

,ittle more than $1,000,000,000. 

Metal Roof- 

I'OR WROUGHT 

10-0 

11-Side Elevation 

I'IPE OR CONDUIT

332 t METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM F I TT E R SKI .EMDEH 10, 1920 

The History and Evolution of Bath Tubs 

How the First Bath Tuh Was Regarded hy Public 

Its Importance to the Man of the Present Day 

HISTORY contains ludicrous as well as important 

facts of the days when our ancestors flourished. 

We may smile at what our ancestors did and 

thought, even as our successors a few generations 

hence may smile at what we are doing and saying and 

thinking. How true it is that history contains the 

ludicrous is in the story of the introduction and rise 

of the bath tub. To-day we esteem it a necessity. But 

our forefathers, not so many years ago, raged over its 

introduction and denounced it as an invention of the 

devil to pester and destroy the human race. 

INTRODUCTION OF BATH IN UNITED STATES 

That patrician, George Washington, did not know a 

bath tub as we know it, nor did the sage of Monticello, 

Thomas Jefferson, nor even Andrew Jackson. Those 

boys, if the truth were known, probably dragged out 

the old tin tub on Saturday night and "took theirs" 

just like the rest of the crowd. 

One reads of the wonderful baths of Rome and the 

reading does sound good, but somewhere between then 

and the sixteen hundreds there must have been an 

awful slip in cleanliness, for in tliose good old London 

days when Sam Pepys, the original diary writer, was 

cutting up, things were pretty dirty—and no bath 

tubs. In fact, in the majority of places "over there" 

the bath tub is yet a novelty and in its infancy. 

The first bath tub in the United States was installed 

in the home of Adam Thompson, of Cincinnati, Ohio. 

on December 20, 1812. It was a large mahogany box 

lined with sheet lead. Its owner was extremely proud 

of it because at his Christmas party he exhibited it 

to his guests and explained its use and purpose. He 

had some curious guests and gave four of them an 

opportunity to have a Christmas bath in the new 

household convenience. And the bath tub got two 

columns in the city newspapers the next day, in which 

it was denounced as an epicurean luxury, undemocratic, 

out of harmony with the simplicity of the day. 

Leading medical men denounced it as dangerous to 

health. The controversy spread. 

Philadelphia in 1843 sought to prohibit by ordinance 

bathing from November to March 15, but it 

lacked two votes. Virginia laid a state lax of $30 per 

years on bath tubs. Hartford, Providence, Charles- 

Ion and Wilmington quadrupled water charges to owners 

of bath tubs. In ISIS Boston made bathing unlawful, 

save on medical advice, but was unable to enforce 

the ordinance. It was repealed in 1862. 

The bath tub was introduced to real fame when 

President Millard Fillmore installed one in the While 

House. He had tried the bath tub in Cincinnati in 

1850 when he was touring the country and liked it. 

The first bath tubs were wooden boxes lined with 

•President of the American Sociely of Sanitary 

Engineering 

BY WILLIAM C. GROENIGER* 

sheet lead and later with copper. The box-lined bath 

tub was gradually replaced by the porcelain enameled 

iron and solid porcelain ware. The copper bath tub 

has passed and is now prohibited by sanitary regulations. 

Enameled cast iron and porcelain ware of 

many designs and free from dirt catching corners 

took their place. 

The shower is gradually replacing the bath tub as 

being more sanitary and desirable. In gymnasiums, 

hotels and Other places used by the public the sliower 

finds much favor. Shower heads with a stream pointing 

at an angle of '45 deg. have become very popular 

and permits of bathing any part of the body. Particularly 

does this type of shower construction appeal 

to the women folk as it gives all the benefits of the 

shower without necessarily wetting the head. 

It was our privilege to introduce a great many 

shower baths into hospitals, orphanages, refugee hostels 

and refugee camps in Jerusalem, Palestine, as 

part of the human sterilizing mills whicli eradicated 

vermin and gave men, women and children clean 

bodies, clean clothes and a new lease on life. Manv 

of these people were refugees for 4. years in a country 

where water rationing was necessary at times to con- 

(Continued on Page 3.1)

SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 M E T A L WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 333 

You Bet To-Day s Plumber Is Progressive 

Plumhing Craft Is Keeping Pace with Times 

and Here Are Some Instances to Prove II 

BY WILLIAM HUTTON 

T H E best answer to the question of Neal A. Egan, 

in the issue of July 23, "Are plumbers to-day as 

progressive as 20 years ago?" is the present-day 

catalog of plumbing fixtures. Any one of the leading 

manufacturers' catalogs, the Standard Sanitary Manufacturing 

Co.'s, for instance, shows such an advance 

in design and practical utility of the goods illustrated 

that even a novice can see that plumbers are keeping 

pace with any other craft in improving the quality 

of their products. 

Twenty years ago the plumbing fixtures were taking 

the modern form. Their practical merits were 

there but their artistic merits were questionable. Look 

up any of the old catalogs and see if you would select 

one of the highly ornamented closet bowls or bathtubs 

then in vogue. Look at the design of the waste 

and supply fittings and compare them with some of 

the graceful yet sturdy articles shown in to-day's 

catalogs. 

PLUMBING GOODS MUCH IN ADVANCE 

Do not think that all of the credit for this improvement 

is due the manufacturer. He is entitled to his 

share but the fact that the plumber's taste is responsible 

for slow or fast movers and slow movers are 

dropped from the line must not be forgotten. So 

much for the actual goods we are offering for sale. 

Certainly they are just as much in advance of the 

models of 1900 as the present-day automobile is in 

advance of the one-lunger of that period. 

Coming to practice, simplification is sometimes an 

improvement. In mechanics it almost always is desirable. 

Twenty years ago we were so fully convinced 

of the necessity of venting everything that 

perhaps it was much overdone. The movement back 

is a sign of a desire to progress rather than a desire 

to lower the quality of the work. If we can attain 

the same results with less effort, it is right to do so. 

Experiments will prove, the worth of the ideas put 

forth during the last year or two and a proper balance 

surely will be struck. 

The advance in scientific methods of sewage disposal 

within the period named cannot be disputed. 

How many plumbers then knew anything about septic 

tanks or any otlier method than a cesspool or a tile 

drain leading to they knew not whither ? 

What about water supply systems for small residences 

and institutions ? How many plumbers then 

thought that a complete lighting and water supply 

plant could be installed by their men and that they 

would be handling this class of business in such a 

matter of fact way ? 

What about all the little refinements we now can 

offer to make the plunibing installation almost selfacting, 

the temperature controllers, automatic water 

heaters, flushing appliances, the numerous things 

which as a matter of fact have been devised by work 

ing plumbers and perfected by manufacturers because 

of the demand created by the plumber? 

What about the improved tools we are using today? 

Do you remember that four-armed die stock, 

for instance ? 

Who can read the Proceedings of the National Association 

of Master Plumbers for the last 10 years or 

so and deny that a spirit of progress unexcelled by 

any other craft is shown? 

When did the master plumber begin to be a real 

business man ? What percentage of master plumbers 

20 years ago knew anything about the cost of conducting 

a business or of merchandising at all? How 

many of them could tell from their books whether their 

contracts were returning a profit or showing a loss ? 

What does the valuable movement now in full swing 

and known as the Trade Extension Bureau represent 

and how many otlier crafts have anything at all ap 

proaching it in big-thinking and far-sighted business 

policy? Here's to the plumber of to-daj'. He is twice 

the man his father was and father would be game 

enough to admit it if he had to do business under 

present conditions. 

WHAT A CHICAGO SANITARIAN SAVS ON THE SUBJECT 

Thomas J. Claffy, assistant chief of the Bureau 

of Sanitation, Chicago, writes in reference to closet 

flanges as follows:. 

In the July 23 issue of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER 

AND STEAM FITTER appeared a short article by Neal 

A. Egan in which he wonders if the plumber of to-day 

is as progressive as he was 20 years ago, and in which 

he criticizes the water-closet connection to the soil 

pipe. 

A great deal has been accomplished in the past 25 

years in the plumbing business; in fact, so much that 

it has been raised from a mere trade to a scientific 

engineering profession. 

A practical engineer has proved his mettle again 

in a recent controversy over the use of so-called anti 

siphon traps, and I believe will continue to hold his 

own in anv other field into which the controversy may 

lead. 

Many attempts have been made to solve the prob 

Lin of making a proper connection between earthenware 

fixtures, such as closets and metal pipes, all of 

which are more, or less unsatisfactory. Many types 

of gaskets have been devised, but it appears that putty 

has been depended upon very largely to make such a 

joint tight. To-day, it is nearly impossible to get 

real putty so that the man of the street is denied the 

possibility of making a joint tight with that old 

standby. 

Rubber and leather as materials for gaskets for 

such purposes have proved to be unsatisfactory, and 

most plumbing ordinances prohibit their use. Asbestos 

fiber gaskets have been on the market for several

331. METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM F1T T E R SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 

years, and have not given that degree of satisfaction 

which was expected of them. Other materials of a 

more or less composite nature have been on the market, 

one or two of which may give a greater amount 

of satisfaction than anything else we know of at the 

present time. 

Much has been claimed for a metal to metal connection, 

but it has not met with that universality of 

adoption whieh obtains in tbe use of an article that is 

obviously practicable. It is more or less difficult. 

in fact quite difficult, to get a suitable material that 

may be used as a gasket in an earthenware to metal 

joint. Metal for such a gasket must necessarily lu- 

soft and pliable and yet bave sufficient resiliency to 

meet expansion and contraction, or to fill up irregu 

larities between two surfaces. 

One must admit that the ideal gasket for a closet 

connection should be of a metallic substance that 

would meet the above requirements and still be proof 

against the destructive agencies in sewer air. 

The more general use of the wall-hung closet will 

undoubtedly bring into the field a satisfactory gasket 

for the reason that any leak that may occur at a closet 

connection will at once be in evidence and demand im 

mediate attention. 

The National Bureau of Standardization of Plumb 

ing Materials will undoubtedly go into this subject 

very shortly and with the potters in co-operation, some 

real good will be accomplished. A gasket that will insure 

a tight joint without danger of breaking earthen 

ware closet flanges .-ind that will remain tight, is the 

one the trade is seeking. That is the kind the potters 

will eventually furnish witb their closet bowls. 

Illinois Railroads Win First Round in 

Two-Cent Fare Controversy 

Judges F. E. Baker, F. E. Geiger and G. W. English 

of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals, sitting 

en bane in Chicago on August 24, issued a temporarv 

injunction restraining the state publie utilities 

commission from enforcing the railroad passenger rate 

of 2 cents a mile authorized by the statute of 1907. 

Recently the railroads, citing the $600,000,000 wage 

award granted their employes, petitioned the utilities 

commission for an increase in the intrastate passenger 

rates in conformity with that granted by the interstate 

commerce commission. The utilities commission, in 

denying this, ruled that tbe roads automatically go 

back to the 2-cent rate on September 1. when they 

finally emerge from federal control. 

It was a surprise, as it bad been expected the bearings 

would consume considerable time. 

In granting the injunction, Judge Baker said: 

"W'e have heard sufficient evidence to show a 2-cent 

rate would be confiscatory, inasmuch as tbe interstate 

commerce commission has ruled tbat a rate of 3.0 

cents a mile is necessary for the railroads to operate 

on a business basis." 

This victory cheered the roads in preparation for 

their second rate fight with the state, which conies before 

the interstate commerce commission on September 

8. On that date Commissioner McChord will hear the 

application of the roads for increases in both passenger 

and freight rates. The Illinois commission has refused 

the increases and the government body is going 

into the matter on an application asking relief from 

the regulations of the state body. 

Increases of 10 per cent on freight traffic and 20 

per cent on passenger traffic between ports on the 

Great Lakes were authorized by tbe Cnited States 

shipping board recently. The increases may be made 

effective on one day's notice, not hater than January 

1, 1921. It is understood the carriers will increase the 

rates at once in accord with the decision. 

Home of a Progressive Business 

The accompanying reproduction of the exterior of 

the new shop of Henry Janssen, Round Lake, 111., 

shows a modern structure 1 10 x 64 ft. and affords 

SHOP OE HENRY JANSSEN, ROUND LAKE, ILL. 

ample space for Mr. Janssen's progressive activities. 

He believes in knowing what the farmer wants and 

acts on th.at belief by having what the farmer wants 

when he wants it. In other words, Mr. Janssen is 

one of the real live men of his territory, a capable 

mechanic and commands a prosperous business. 

British Attitude Towards Cancellations 

Cancellations are not confined to this country as is 

shown by a report from Nottingham, England, that 

British lace and hosiery manufacturers and exporters 

have become concerned over tbe large number of or 

ders cancelled by foreign firm's. The Nottingham 

Lace Exporters' Association, which represents the lace 

export trade of the countrv, recently decided that no 

member of the association should hereafter accept any 

cancellation or orders without the special permission 

of .a committee for the purpose of investigation. 

This means, according to Consul Calvin M. Hitch, 

that should a customer decline to accept goods, after 

having placed an order, he will not be permitted to 

purchase goods from any other member of the asso 

ciation until he bas complied with his contract. The 

hosiery trade is considering similar action. There is 

no disposition here to imitate these English methods, 

but it is believed that the time is opportune to empha 

size and stabilize trade ethics which make for fundamental 

soundness in business.

SBPTEMBEB 10, 1920 M E T A L W ORK K R , P L V M B E I! A N I) S T l_ A M F I T T E it 

Effect of Standardization on Small 

Plumbers 

Some Vital Points to Be Carefully Considered 

by the Committee of the National Association 

BY SUBURBAN PLUMBER 

F R O M what I have heard of tbe work of the Standardization 

Conimittee, composed of niembers of 

National Association of Master Plumbers and 

manufacturers and jobbers of plumbing and allied materials, 

I judge tliere will be some valuable results. 

But from what I hear also, there seems to be a strong 

possibility that the plumber is due to stand some loss 

in the adjustment. 

For instance, if it is decided to make only extra 

heavy soil pipe, the thousands of stocks of standard 

fittings will have to go to the scrap heap and the loss 

will be a serious one. Even if the change is made 

gradually the loss will be heavy, for in ever}' plumber's 

stock there are slow-moving fittings which nevertheless 

have to be carried. The gain is all on the side 

of the manufacturer who can cut down the number of 

patterns and amount of stock to be carried and the 

jobber who will then only have to carry one stock of 

pipe and fittings. 

It is not the plumber in cities where extra heavy 

pipe is specified by law who is to be the loser, but the 

small-town plumber who has found standard pipe satisfactorv 

in every way for the class of work he does. 

And another phase is the extra cost and needless 

weight of the pipe and fittings for small jobs. 

Then we are told that there is an intention to stop 

making 4 and 4l/o-ft. bath tubs. This also will mean 

a hardship to those who have been following the 

widelv given advice to dig up business in old houses 

and who, like ourselves, have found their chief business 

in such work during the last few years. In this 

town new building has been unknown for about 4 

years, yet we have succeeded in selling a very considerable 

number of bath tubs and probably half of 

them have been sizes other than 5 ft. because of the 

difficulty in getting proper space to set them. 

These and several other features of the move toward 

standardization are worthy of discussion before definite 

decision is arrived at, but no one seems interested 

enough to start it. 

Possibly tliere is information which may make the 

bogey seem less frightful and, if so, I would be glad 

to hear from those who can give it. 

OPINION OF HEAD OF CHICAGO SANITARY DEPARTMENT 

The following comment is from Thomas J. Claffy, 

assistant chief of the Department of Health, Chicago: 

The comments by the Suburban Plumber on what 

standardization may do to harm the small plumber 

brings to mind the fact that this is a question that 

affects everyone, and it is being given serious consideration 

by those whose business is confined to rural 

communities. 

33.5 

This change was suggested in the original draft of 

a scheme of standardization and was the subject of 

considerable discussion in the various sessions held by 

the National Standardization Bureau. It was realized 

then, and is now, that this is one of the very large 

features presented in the process of standardization 

••md to a man up a tree, it appears that no change is 

contemplated immediately. 

Even though such a proposition were voted down, 

the mere fact of its being presented for consideration 

and discussion is evidence that some people have been 

giving thought to the matter of the conservation of 

pipe materials and that more serious thought will be 

given to such a subject from now on. 

WAY TO REDUCE SOME COSTS 

The breakage on standard pipe is excessive. A 

great portion of this loss is charged against extra 

heavy pipe, we are told, and if standard pipe were 

eliminated and only extra heavy manufactured, it is 

believed there would be a material reduction in its 

cost as compared with present-day rates. 

A great percentage of breakage in standard pipe is 

in the foundry and the shipping and handling, but a 

far greater percentage of this breakage than is readily 

admitted occurs in the installation process. Sucli pipe 

can be successfully installed only by a very skilled 

mechanic. In the hands of inexperienced people there 

would be an excessive amount of broken pipes, hubs 

and split fittings with consequent leaks in the system. 

It is just as important to have a plumbing system 

made tight in order to avoid nuisance in farmers' 

dwellings or in suburbanites' homes a.s it is in the 

homes, offices or factories of tlie people in large cities 

and towns. Life, health and physical welfare are ju.st 

as important in one place as in the other. In cities 

and towns where an inspection service is provided, 

tliere is some possibility of having installations made 

in accordance with proper standards. 

This is not true in the rural communities because 

of the lack of inspection service, and also beeause of 

the greater ignorance and lack of skill on the part of 

those who make the installations. It must be remembered 

that there are many mail-order houses catering 

exclusively to the rural trade ; that the farmer and the 

villager iii manv cases make their own installations 

and that thev arc totally unskilled .and entirely ignorant 

of the purposes of vents and traps and the 

possibility of nuisance from improper installations, 

defective materials, etc. Consequently, the standards 

of pipe fittings and materials, fixtures, installation. 

etc.. should be so fixed that the possibility of nuisance 

(Continued on Page 337)

336 METAL WORKER, PLCMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBEB 10, 1920 


Comprehensive Information of the Factors 


to Heating Buildings 

BY EDWARD E. PARKER 

PART XIII 

IN the heating of a great majority of buildings, the 

cast-iron radiator has become a necessity. Owing 

to the freedom with which the air circulates around 

it, wall coils are more effective, foot for foot, than 

radiators, but they occupy valuable wall space and 

are considered by some as unsightly. Attempts have 

been made to hide them behind perforated screens, but 

that has not been a success, as it is difficult to keep 

FIG. 31- -FITTING FOR SUPPLY AND RETURN CONNECTION 

AT SAME END OF RADIATOR 

them clean. They soon become covered with a thick 

layer of fluffy dust which prevents the passing air 

from coming into immediate contact with their surface 

and robs them of the greater portion of their ef 

fectiveness. 

A radiator puts the surfaee necessary to heat the 

room into as compact a form as possible. It is easy 

to move, to repair and to change in size if required. 

In this respect, radiators that go together with right 

and left nipples are more convenient to handle than 

those joined by push nipples. Radiators with too 

much convex surface are objectionable, as thev hold 

too much water and do not respond quickly to the 

action of the fire. They are most effective when the 

spaces between the sections are so large that the air 

will circulate freely through the radiator. Low radi 

ators are more efficient than high ones and single 

columns than double column, as eaeh additional row 

of columns takes away some of the effectiveness from 

the row of columns behind it. 

In locating radiators it is desirable that thev be set 

on the cold side of the room, but many years' experience 

has convinced the writer that this is not so essential 

as has been supposed. In residence work, the 

one place to put a radiator so as to make it absolutely 

satisfactory is where the mistress of the liouse wants 

it. A woman always knows how she would like to 

have her furniture arranged and is never satisfied with 

any radiator arrangement that will interfere with this 

scheme. 

Low radiators under the windows in the principal 

rooms on the main floor are very effective and will be 

generally approved. In chambers, a radiator in the 

corner of the room where two outside walls come to 

gether is seldom satisfactory because there is usually 

a window in each of these walls and between them the 

natural location for a dressing case. 

The fitter should avoid, as far as possible, puttingradiators 

into situations wliich will require the risers 

to be run in outside walls, owing to tlie liability of 

freezing when the radiator is shut off. When it is 

absolutely necessary to do this, it is wise to connect 

the flow and return pipes together below the radiator 

by means of a %-in. by-pass, so that there will always 

be a circulation of hot water through the risers. 

All radiators above the main floor should be tapped 

so that the flow and return pipes may be connected to 

the same end of the radiator. This saves labor and 

material. It enables roughing in to be done with certainty 

as it removes the connections liable to cause 

mistakes in measurement. It does away with most of 

the underfloor connections, and the need for cutting 

Hoor timbers. With this arrangement the size of the 

radiator may be changed at any time without tearing 

up the floor or making any change in the piping. It 

is of value also in restricted floor spaces, as the elimination 

of one end connection permits the use of a 

larger radiator than could be used with regular 

tappings. 

If there is any objection to the appearance of the 

J i l l 

FIG. 32 DIRECT CONNECTIONS FOR INDIRECT HAU1ATOR 

How pipe rising far enough above the floor to enter 

the top opening of the radiator, most radiator manufacturers 

will make it a point to order radiators with 

the flow and return connections tapped in side by 

side at the bottom of the radiator. This is commonly 

known as a "C" tapping, and is shown in Fig. 30. 

The How pipe may enter either opening and the 

circulation will be as good as if the flow and return 

pipes were attached to the opposite ends of the radiator. 

No diaphragm or any other contrivance inside 

>Ae radiator is necessary as there is no tendency for

SEPTEMBEH 10, 1920 M E T A L WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM UTTER 

the two streams of water to mix. This style of tapping 

has been used successfully by a small number of 

fitters for many years but, as no one has been interested 

in advertising it extensively, the trade as a whole 

has never awakened to its advantages, and those who 

would like to use it are deterred by the fact that the 

demand is so small that the radiator manufacturers 

do not feel warranted in keeping them in stock and 

buyers are obliged to await shipment from the factor}'. 

A combination union elbow, valve and fitting which 

accomplishes the same result, by putting the flow and 

the return water in and out of the radiator through 

a single 2-in. hole in the bottom of tbe radiator, has 

been put on the market by several makers. The 

cheapest, neatest and most satisfactory solution of 

the problem is tlie use of the sort of Y fitting, shown 

in Fig. 31. The large end has a 2-in. thread, while. 

the two other openings .are tapped for %-in. connections 

and are for .the valve and the union elbow 

FIG. 30 RADIA 

TOR TAPPED FOR 

SUPPLV AND RE 

TURN AT SAV 

END 

r M,. 33 DIRECT-INDIRECT RA 

DIATOR AIR SUPPLY 

to screw into. Only one size is necessary as these 

connections are big enough for any radiator. 

INDIRECT AND DIRECT-INDIRECT RADIATION 

Where the radiator is intended to heat the air in 

the room in which it stands, it is known as direct 

radiation. But when it is intended to heat the air 

from the outside and introduce it fresh into the build 

ing, it is called either indirect or direct-indirect radiation. 

Indirect radiation consists of radiator sections 

of peculiar shape, assembled into a stack and hung 

upon iron supports to the floor timbers in the cellar 

beneath the room to be heated, the top of tin- radiator 

being 10 or 12 in. below the ceiling. It is then 

encased in a metal box which is carried 6 or S in. 

below the bottom of the radiator. The casing should 

extend beyond the inlet end about C in. and have a 

partition or bafHe plate reaching from tlie top of the 

easing down to the bottom of the radiator, so as to 

compel the air which enters the casing to pass down 

337 

and up through between the sections of the radiator 

The warm-air register should not be directly over 

the radiator, but should be taken from a warm-air 

duet leading out of the upper part of the radiator 

casing, opposite to the cold air inlet. This compels 

the air to travel as far as possible in contact witl, 

the radiator surface and prevents dust and other material 

from falling through the register and clogging 

up the passages in the radiator. The cold-air duct 

should have an opening into the outside air, covered 

with a wire screen of small mesh, to prevent leaves, 

rats, etc., from getting into the liouse, .nul another 

register inside of the house, with connection to the 

cold-air duct and a damper at the junction of the 

two openings, so that either one may be closed or the 

air supply be made of a mixture of warm ami cold 

air, in any proportion desired. 

There should be no valves on indirect hot-water 

radiators, as they are exposed to the cold outside air 

and so are very liable to freeze and burst if the circulation 

is shut off. Besides, they are almost always 

connected to rooms that need heat whenever artificial 

heat is needed in the building. The proper method of 

connecting an indirect stack is shown in Fig. 32. 

The warm-air duct should have an area of 1.5 sq. 

in. and cold air duct 1 sq. in. for each foot of sur 

face in tlie radiator. Registers should have a total 

free area of about double that of the duct to which 

they are connected. 

A direct-indirect, or ventilating, radiator, shown in 

Fig. 33, is set up iu the room to be heated like direct 

radiators, but has a cold air duct leading from out 

side, through such a construction at the base that the 

air necessary for ventilation may be brought in from 

ihe outside and circulated through the radiator into 

the room. A damper in the base performs exaetlv 

lhe same duty as the damper in the cold-air pipe of 

lhe indirect radiator already described. 

( To Be t 'ontiuued) 

Effect of Standardization on Small 

Plumbers (Continued frum Page 335) 

and danger to good health shall be minimized lo th. 

utmost. 

We believe that the cost of extra heavy cast-iron 

pipe over standard pipe is more than justified bv rea 

son of the factor of safety in accordance with what 

has just been set forth, lo say nothing of the greater 

economy of manufacture, handling, shipping and 

installation. 

It is evident thai a change such as has been sug 

gested will not be brought about over night nor within 

a vear. This affords ample opportunity for the suburban 

plumber to work out his stock of standard cast 

iron pipe and fittings so that when the change does 

come, as come it must, he will be ready to meet it 

without lhat loss which seems to be anticipated. 

IF I MUST BE AN EXTREMIST, I prefer to be one 

who believes that in every oyster shell there is a pearl 

rather than be one who is quite convinced that every 

oyster in everv shell is bad.— Thomas Dreier, in 

Forbes Magazine (N. 1 .)


Only the Sun Heats All of Outdoors 

It Is Cheaper to Stop Leaks and to Keep 

the House Warm Than to Heat a Cold One 

IT is not the heat that the furnace or boiler produces 

but the heat which is kept in the liouse that 

makes it comfortable. An owner cannot expect to 

keep the house warm when an excessive amount of 

cold air comes in tlirougli the walls and all around 

the doors and windows. That is an important matter 

that must be given the most careful consideration by 

the heating contractor who may be called on to heat 

such a house and what he installs must be equal to 

the wasteful t.ask it will be called upon to perform. 

It is his responsibility to his trade and to his customer 

to make no mistake that will injure by complaint. 

Furnaces and boilers are made to heat houses and 

not outdoors. This is a matter whicli the beating 

contractor too often loses sight of when he is eager 

for business and gives a guarantee that he will keep 

the liouse at 70 deg. in zero weather. It is a part of 

his dutv to his customer and to himself to look at the 

con.struction and to see whether or not there is sheathing 

under the clapboards and paper between the clapboards 

and the sheathing. Then he will know if the 

air can go right through from out-of-doors or whether 

all the heating apparatus has to do is to make heat 

enough to raise the air in the house to a comfortable 

temperature at wliich the construction will keep it, 

with only a reasonable addition of heat to offset the 

loss through walls and windows. 

TIGHT DOORS AND WINDOWS IMPORTANT 

Those who erect houses in the cold section of the 

country along the northern border pay more attention 

to making the walls airtight and insulating them 

than in the soutliern section of the country. It is not 

uncommon to find double sash on all windows. Tliese 

are put on in the winter season when it is necessary 

to stop excessive air leakage or he/it transmission by 

having the glass coming in immediate contact with 

the outdoors separated with an air space from the outside 

sash put on late in the fall. 

A well-built liouse is considerably cooler in thc 

summer-time.for then the sun does not get a chance 

to heat the floors and furniture and the interior walls, 

so that the heating contractor has a good argument 

to make a job for the carpenter or insulating man when 

he is asked to consider the lieating of some building. 

One reason the heat transmission tables are found 

unsatisfactory to some heating contractors is because 

they do not know which factor to consider or to choose 

in connection with the building construction in question. 

They take an average heat loss when it should 

be increased 50 or 100 per cent. If the building was 

of airtight construction with the doors and windows 

tight, the heat loss might be readily estimated and 

the lieating apparatus installed would jiroduce all of 

the heat required to maintain the desired temperature 

with a reasonable expenditure of fuel. But when'the 

wind can blow in so that it is practicable to fly a kite- 

in the parlor or the main bedroom, the heating apparatus 

is endeavoring to take up a task that even the 

sun lays down when the winter season opens. 

The soul which the old hymn advised to be on his 

guard against ten thousand foes was in safety compared 

with the man who attempts to heat a liouse of 

open construction that is something' less than wide 

open. 

RECOMMEND THE RIGHT HEATING OUTFIT 

Tlie season is at hand when you will be invited to 

make it warm for some of your customers, but be sure 

that the job can be done with the outfit that you 

naturally would suggest. Otherwise instead of making 

it warm for him, you will make it warm for 

yourself. 

There i.s a liouse near New York on which several 

concerns lost prestige by the inability of their lieaters 

to keep it warm, before some individual found that 

it was plastered directly on the brick wall without the 

usual lath and plaster, inside finish and an air space 

between it and the wall to serve as an insulating 

space. This last man told the customer, who was wellto-do, 

the truth about the situation. The result was 

that he put on furring strips and lathed and plastered 

the house on the inside so that he had no trouble with 

the heating of it from that time on. 

The heating contractor who made this recommendation 

told the owner that he could heat the house with 

the apparatus he had if he would do what he would 

recommend. When the recommendation was made and 

explained, the fee was paid and the house was fixed 

so that from that time forward the family which occupied 

it was comfortable. 

if a house is built so as to'kee]) the heat out in the 

summer-time and the cold out in the winter-time, the 

amount of coal and the size of the lieater that will 

maintain a comfortable temperature in the winter season 

is economical compared with any attempt to heat 

a house of the open construction. No better sales 

work can be done by heating contractor than to make 

things clear. 

New Rubber Goods 

The Good -Manufacturing Co., 305 East 131th 

Street, New Vork City, is just adding to its line 

china tank Hush valve shank washers and china tank 

ball cock shank washers. These washers are made to 

be used on the shanks of the flush and ball cocks of 

closet tanks to go between the lock nut and the tank 

thus protecting,the tank against chipping or breaking 

in tightening up the lock nut on flush valves or ball 

cocks. They .also help to take up the excessive strain 

caused in connecting supply pipes and flus], connections 

which do not face exactly in line with the valves 

or ball cock shanks.

SEPTEMBER 10, 19J0 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 33!! 

Theory and Practice of Welding Sheet Metal 

First of Several Articles Outlining Methods Used in the Comparatively 

New Branch of Sheet Metal Work—Auxiliary Equipment Needed, Prepara- 

• tion of Sheets, Lap Butt Flange and Folded Joint Welding 

Bv M. H. POTTER 

Editor's Note—This is the first of a series of articles 

on this subject. Tlie author has promised to cover 

the practical welding of sheet metal in a comprehensive 

mannerrin this series and will endeavor to convey 

to the minds of those interested the advantages of 

concentrated study and thoughtful procedure. 

There is scarcely a week goes by but that the editor 

comes in contact 

with subscribers 

who have recently 

insialled welding 

equipment and are 

eager to obtain full 

information. Recently 

he learned of two 

subscribers within a 

short distance of 

New York who 

were entering a mechanic 

from their 

shops in one of the 

local schools f o r 

welding. It therefore 

seems fitting 

that METAL WORK 

ER, PLUMBER AND 

STEAM FITTER, in 

harmony with its 

FIRE-BRICK TABLE AND PRELIMINARY OPERATIONS IN 

WELDING SHEETS 

progressive policy, 

Fig". A. Welding 

should use its best 

efforts to present as 

much helpful information 

on this subject as it possibly can. With that 

end in view, it has engaged the author mentioned 

above to prepare this series of articles. 

IN addition to the welding apparatus, a brick top 

table such as shown in Fig. A i.s most desirable, 

although the welding may be satisfactorily accomplished 

on an ordinary shop bench covered with 

metal; provided a sheet of asbestos is placed between 

the pieces to be welded and the table top. The asbestos 

prevents the heat from escaping from the bottom 

of the weld. 

The fire-brick table, Fig. A, can be easily constructed 

of angle iron welded together in the manner 

a.s shown in the sketch. Fire-bricks should be used 

also in aligning the work and also to prevent the 

escape of the heat when large surfaces are to be 

welded. Fig. 5, which will be further referred to. 

shews another use for fire-bricks. 

A blacksmith forge will effect great saving in both 

welding gas and time if used to heat up the pieces to 

be welded. It will also prove most useful to allow 

- for slow cooling of pieces to prevent warping, as the 

welded pieces may be placed in the forge and thus 

cooled slowly. 

An emery wheel should be provided to remove undesired 

metal, beveling edges for butt welds, etc. 

The removing of rust and scale can also be accomplished 

readily through this medium. A small emery 

wheel mounted on a 

flexible shaft is another 

very valuable 

if not necessary adjunct. 

An assortment of 

mechanics' tools, 

such as hammers. 

chisels, wrenches, 

hack saws, should 

be provided. 

The methods used 

in the welding of 

sheet metal vary .according 

to the thickness 

of the metal to 

be welded. Likewise 

the nature of 

the metal must be 

taken into consider 

table constructed of angle iron frame and covered 

with fire brick. Fig'. B. Correct beating of sheets prior to weldation, 

but for the 

time being the welding 

of sheet metal 

ing. Fig. C. Starting the weld. Tbe sheets are first fused together proper will only be 

along the bottom. Fig. D. Method used in adding the filler rod in discussed, so this 

the weld. Fig. E. Method used to prevent spreading of the weld.. 

point can be forgotten for the present. 

The correct lieating of the metal prior to welding 

is important. Fig. 13 shows the portion to be preheated. 

The welding flame is played on the metal .at 

right angles, moved up .-md down each piece until the 

metal reaches a red heat for a distance of not less 

than 2 in. The quicker the fusion of the metal is 

brought about the less scale will be formed, resulting 

iu a much, better weld. Therefore, the operator must 

work as rapidly as possible. The flame is then brought 

down to the lowest part of the piece to be welded and 

held upon this point until the metal is melted, see Fig. 

C. The flame is then quickly drawn away from the 

welded portion, i. e., in the direction of the arrowshown 

in Fig. C. This operation is continued until 

tin lower part of the pieces have been welded along 

the bottom for their entire length. 

The filler rod is now added to the weld, see Fig. 

D. It is extremely important that the torch is always 

held at right angles to the work, in order that all the 

available heat will penetrate the metal to be welded. 

When adding the filler rod to a weld, both the filler

310 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER i0. 1930 

and the weld musl be heated continually as chilled 

metal vvill not fuse properly. This fact should always 

be borne in mind by the welder, and if this fact is 

not carried out, a defective weld is bound to be the 

result. Careful study and attention to this detail will 

greatly determine the true efficiency of the welder. 

MIXING THE MOLTEN METAL 

As the flame is advanced along the weld, the molten 

metal will be forced along the weld and fused. A cir 

cular movement is imparted to the torch. This tends 

to mix the molten metals, the inter-mixing of whicli 

forms a solid bond, provided, of course, the metal is 

continually maintained in a molten state. 

Care must be taken to guard against the filler rod 

being forced ahead of the lieated part of the weld. 

If this is not done, as has been previously pointed 

out. the molten metal of the filler rod will be brought 

into contact with chilled metal, resulting, naturally, in 

an undesirable condition. 

It is not necessary to fill the weld completely when 

going along the weld the first time, as there is no bad 

pffects obtained by repeating the operation and even 

ing up the surface of thc weld. 

HANDLING THE FILLER ROD 

It will be necessary for the inexperienced welder 

to add the filler rod to the weld very sparingly, al 

though not slowly, going over the weld until the 

proper thickness is attained. This will necessitate 

care in keeping the filler rod away from the flame and 

at the same time advancing the flame at a fairly rapid 

rate. If the beginner will study carefull}' the required 

heating of the metal to secure fusion, he will more 

readily conquer the art of successful welding. 

Fig. E illustrates the method used to prevent thc 

spreading of the weld. It is necessary to jump the 

flame from A to B. repeating this operation along 

the weld. This wil] have a Heing effect upon the two 

sheets and hold them together during the welding 

process. Thin sheets will require extreme care in this 

regard and no doubt the beginner will be hampered in 

his progress by the spreading of the sheets. However, 

practice in this method of Heing the weld will over 

come this difficulty. 

ff the weld is extremely long, a clamp should be 

used to hold the pieces together. This will make the 

welding process more rapid and less diffieult. Never 

theless, it is liable to set up internal strains in the 

weld and should be carefully guarded against. 

Very thin sheets should be welded after jointfolded 

as shown in I'ig. (i. Fire-bricks must be used 

Fib. 5 

as illustrated in Fig. 5, when thin sheets arc welded 

to prevent the overheating of the sheets. Thin sheets 

should not be heated very far back from the weld. 

If this is not followed out, the sheets will warp when 

cooled. It is important although that as much of the 

weld, lengthwise, as possible should be heated up at 

the same time. The beginner must learn to hold the 

torch so that this will result. ' This will force the 

welder to hold his torch at an angle to the work, 

i. e., inclined and not a right angle as previously in 

structed but he must exercise extreme care in doing so. 

The reason for so doing, will be more readily ap 

preciated by the results obtained than can be explained 

in writing. 

WELDING SHEETS OF DIFFERENT THICKNESSES 

When welding two sheets of different thicknesses, 

the weld is prepared as shown in Fig. 8. The flame 

of the torch must be directed toward the heavier 

sheet. As a matter of fact, the torch must be played 

upon the heavier sheet most of the time, as both pieces 

must be broughl to a fusion point at exactly the same 

time. 

The welding of thin sheets satisfactorily is also ac 

complished by Hanging the metal along the weld as 

shown in Fig. 7. When the flame is played upon both 

flanges at the same time, the flanges will be melted 

down and fused together, thc flanges serving as filler 

for the weld. 

WELDING OF HEAVIER SHEETS 

The welding of heavier sheet.s is illustrated by Fig. 

1, 2 and 3 and 1. 

The lap welded joint shown in Fig. 1 is not satis 

factory where great strength is desired. Thin sheets 

can be. welded in this manner; it being necessary to 

make the weld on one side of the sheets only, and not 

on both sides as shown in Fig. I. Practice will enable 

Ihe welder to accomplish this form of weld quickly 

and whenever such a type of weld will meet the re 

quirements it should be used to save time and like 

wise expense. No doubt, the average sheet metal 

worker will be interested in this type of weld and will 

find that it will be less expensive than his usual prac 

tice of bonding two sheets. 

Fib. 6 FI0.7 

I'ig. 2 illustrates the butt weld, the metal is beveled 

on both sides and likewise is welded on both sides. 

It is the most common method used in welding sheet 

melal having a thickness of Vi: ' n - or over, especially 

where maximum strength is required. 

If the instructions already given are followed out 

DIAGRAMS SHOWING METHODS OE PREPARING AND WELDING THIN SHEETS OF METAL 

^^^^.w. 

Flb.4 

FIG.S

SEPTEMBEH 10, 1.30 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FTTT ER 341 

and care exercised in the use of both the torch and 

the filler rod this type of weld can be satisfactorily 

accomplished. 

• BUTT WELDING OF LIGHTER SHEETS 

Fig. 3 shows a butt-weld suitable for sheets of less 

thickness, the weld being made from one side only as 

illustrated. There again care must be used in the 

adding a fusing of the filler rod, and the beginner will 

be compelled to weld the bottom of the sheets prior to 

closing the weld and leveling off. When the welding 

is from both sides of the metal, this is not so impor 

tant, unless the metal to be welded is extremely thick 

Another method of welding slieet metal that elim 

inates the necessity of preparing the sheets for the 

weld, with the possible exception of removing all exist 

ing scale and rust is shown in Fig. 4. Sheets having 

a thickness of 3-32 in. or less ean be welded by this 

method, provided the weld is not subjected to excessive 

strain. 

No set rule, can be given for the strength of the 

various types of welds shown, inasmuch as thc weld 

itself will greatly determine its actual strength. It is 

only natural that a good weld of the type shown in 

fit!. F TABLE OF CORRECT SIZES OF FILLER RODS TO HE 

USED IN WELDING SHEET METAL 

Thickness of metal Diameter of welding rod 

1-8 to 1-1 in. 

1-4 to 3-8 in. 

3-8 to i-2 in. 

1-2 to 5-8 in. 

5-8 to 3-4 in. 

1-8 in. 

5-32 in. 

3-16 in. 

1-4 in. 

5-16 in. 

I'ig. 4 may stand more strain lo the square inch than 

a poor weld of the type shown in Fig. 2. Thus it 

will be seen that the efficiency of the weld is greatly 

governed by the efficiency or skill of the welder. 

The preliminary or basic rules governing the success 

ful welding of slieet metal have been fully covered in 

detail and it should he the duty of the beginner lo 

follow closely these suggestions and to gain added 

knowledge and skill through his failure to weld sue 

eessfully when the rules given are followed. 

As has been stated, the reasons for complying with 

many of the rules governing the welding of sheet 

metal will be fully appreciated and realized only when 

the beginner has attempted to actuallv weld sheet 

metal. This is especially true and will be more fully 

appreciated as the beginner accomplishes the desired 

results and becomes skilled in the art of welding. 

In the welding of steel it must be carried in mind 

that two distinct classes of metal exist, soft steel and 

hard steel. The difference is that of the carbon con 

tent. Soft steel may have a carbon content as low as 

0.05 per cent; hard steel may contain as much as 1.5 

per cent of carbon. Low carbon steels are naturally 

soft and ductile, low in both strength and elastic limit. 

Soft steels are more easily welded, especially when 

the sheets are thin. 

The greatest difficulty is in maintaining the correct 

heat. The beginner is liable not to get the metal 

hot enough or to get it too hot. This can onlv be 

overcome by playing the welding flame on the metal 

for a longer time or increasing the size of the flame. 

This will overcome the difficulty of not getting the 

metal hot enough. 

The oxidation or the forming of scale on the weld 

due to the overheating of the metal may be due to 

the using of a torch not properly designed for the 

work undertaken. Th,s should be investigated if the 

beginner is unable to accomplish satisfactorv welding 

as regards oxidization. 

The regulation of the welding flame must be given 

careful consideration and the beginner must deferrable 

and study out the results obtained from different 

welds. However, the carbonizing and burning of 

the metal when welding will be fully covered later on. 


T) !«• History and Evolution 

of Hath Tuhs 

(Continued from Fuge :',:',.') 

serve the supply. Words cannol express the joy of a 

bath. 

When the advertisement offers a house for rent as 

"modern," one visualizes the situation at once. The 

intelligent real estate dealer i.s aware that a bath tub 

and shower bath increases thc value of the house far 

beyond the actual cost of these two conveniences. The 

word modern means that, thc house has a dandy little 

hath, immaculately wliite, and hot and cold water. 

And more than that, it means a daily hot and cold bath 

morning, noon or night, as one wishes. 

Though the bath tub is of comparatively recent in 

vention and installation, realize, if vou please, what 

would happen if wc were deprived of our bath tubs. 

The thought of deprivation is terrible when you begin 

to realize what a blessing the hath tub has been to 

humanity. 

The daily shower puts renewed life into a person 

and, if everybody were afforded the opportunity, life 

would not only be prolonged but production would be 

stimulated. Although the shower is the most sanitary 

bath, a complete douse and a good soaking is very 

often necessary. So we have another improvement 

that is gradually becoming very popular and combines 

lhe shower and thc bath tub. The combined tub and 

shower receptor really takes up no more space than 

lhe ordinary built-in bath tub. This new device not 

only combines the shower and bath tub but the econ 

omy of floor space, installation and detail of con 

struction is important and will add to its popularity. 

Our ancestors may smile at what we are doing and 

saying and thinking, but we are progressing. Though 

they will smile at our efforts, the American Plumbing 

Business during thc past 40 years has made rapid 

progress and contributed much for the comfort, con 

venience and health of our people, which has been a 

verv important factor in making the world sanitary for 

humanity. 

New Steam Fitter*'' Manual 

The Holmberg Steam Trap Co., Lindsborg, Kan., is 

at present working on the preparation of a steam fit 

ters' manual, describing the Holmberg vacuum vapor 

steam trap and system of heating. The intent of this 

manual is to furnish the steam fitter with a simple 

explanation of this system of heating and instruct him 

in the proper method of installing it. It will call 

attention to the basic facts which must be regarded 

by the steam fitter in order that the system may be 

installed so satisfactory operation can be had.

342 . . 1. T A L W 0 It K E R , P L U M BER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 

Facts About Warm-Air Furnace Efficiency 

_ 

Method of Determining Furnaee Efficiency As Employed 

in the Research Work at the University of Illinois. 

Results So Far Obtained hy Professor A. C. Willard 

at the Recent Sheet Metal Contractors' Convention 

S O M E highly interesting facts are to be found in 

the address of A. C. Willard, Professor of Heating 

and Ventilation, Universitv of Illinois, at the 

recent annual convention of the National Association 

of Slieet Metal Contractors at Peoria. III. As many 

readers know. Professor Willard is in charge of the 

furnace research work being carried on at the University 

of Illinois under a co-operative agreement 

with the Xational Warm Air Heating and Ventilating 

Association. He had been invited by the convention 

committee to talk on this research work, and his address 

proved to be one of the most liighly interesting 

and instructive presented to the meeting. 

That part of his address which is given hereinafter 

deals with the work of testing, furnaces for 

efficiency and the results obtained. He also discussed 

the subject of rating furnaces and improvements 

whieh might be made in furnace design. Space is not 

available to present the entire address in this issue, 

but this may be taken as a promise that the rest of it 

will be given in later issues. 

INTRODUCTION 

Before introducing his subject Professor Willard 

expressed his appreciation of the opportunity to talk 

on this subject to men who install furnaces, and 

st.ated that he wanted to give credit to the National 

Warm Air Heating and Ventilating Assoeiation, who 

had made the development of the data possible through 

its action in bringing about the inception of the work 

by the University of Illinois and by its continued 

financial, advisory and moral support of the work. 

He then discussed thc subject as follows: 

No matter how much money the National Warm 

Air Heating and Ventilating Association may spend 

on this work, no matter how much time we may put 

in and how many facts we may bring to light or how 

many preconceived ideas we may overthrow or possibly 

substantiate, unless the installers of warm-air 

furnaces in the United States are willing to .apply 

tliese facts so far as they can to the actual installation, 

this work to a large degree is going to miss its 

greatest opportunity. 

I Ihink probably the most logical way in wliich 

I can approach this general question of warm-air 

heating from the standpoint of the work already done 

at the University of Illinois, will be to state the 

problem as we have undertaken it and to sav that this 

problem divides itself into two parts. 

The first part deals with the furnace in which the 

manufacturers .are interested primarily and for the 

solution of which they .'ire spending a great deal of 

money. The second part involves the plant as a 

whole, the distributing system, leaders, stacks, registers, 

re-circulating duets, humidifying schemes, etc. 

There are, therefore, two big subdivisions, the furnace 

and the plant beyond the furnace. T am taking- 

it for granted lhat you are all interested both in the 

furnaee and the plant beyond the furnace, although 

I have no doubt the plant beyond the furnace interests 

vou more. I want also to submit that you know more 

about that than I do. so I shall say whatever I do 

say with an apologetic attitude, ready to be criticized 

and will welcome criticism, in fact, concerning such 

statements as you feel in any way are not checked 

up by your experience; and I have no doubt that 

vou can point out many such cases. 

CONSIDERING PROBLEM FROM THREE STANDPOINTS 

Beginning, then, with the furnace, we have to consider 

the problem from three standpoints. I am going 

to cut across lots and go pretty fast in places. 

There has much work been done that is not going 

to show at this time, but we have broken the furnace 

problem up into these tliree parts; first of all we 

arc testing furnaces as regards tlieir efficiency. Secondly, 

we are running these tests with the idea of 

finding some satisfactory and exact method of rating 

furnaces, and thirdly, when testing for efficiency and 

for capacity rating, we are watching for opportunities 

to improve the efficiency of the furnace, increase its 

capacity and thereby give to the manufacturers something 

in the way of value for the money they have 

spent directly on improvements that we feel are warranted 

and should be recommended for tlieir serious 

consideration. They may see fit to make them all or 

manv of them; that is up to them. 

WHAT FURNACE EFFICIENCY MEANS 

Suppose we deal with these furnace subdivisions 

first of all. In order to find out whether one furnace 

is better than another or how good one furnace really 

is, it is necessary to test it, first of all, for efficiency. 

I am going to give .you a definition of efficiency as 

we understand it. The engineer, as a class, is pretty 

well agreed nn this definition; in fact, perfectly agreed. 

If you will take the heat the furnaee can put into air 

flowing through it in one hour, between the inlet and 

the outlet at the bonnet, or at the warm-air register 

in the ease of a pipeless, you have the net result in 

the shape of heat exjiressed in units, the effective 

result from the operation of a warm-air furnace, either 

pipe or pipeless. 

How much heat did you get into the air between 

lhe point where the air started down into the furn.'ice 

system and the point where it leaves the furnace 

to be distributed? How much heat did you have 

available and how much coal did you have to burn to 

get this result? To make the comparison we have to 

find the ratio of this heat to the beat in the eoal. 

We have to know how many pounds of coal we 

have burned in one hour and what the heat value was 

of each pound of eoal, if burned completely, so that 

all the heat in that coal was realized in the furnace.

SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITT ER 343 

No furnace can burn coal that way; no boiler can 

burn coal in that way. 

The second part, the total heat that the coal could 

develop, is easily obtained by simply taking the weight 

of the coal and multiplying it by the heat value of 

the coal in heat units per pound. That information 

is available at the present time for all coals in this 

country, so we do not even have to send the coal to a 

chemist any more. 

A BIG ENGINEERING PROBLEM 

But the first part of that expression, the net heat 

that the furnace was able to get into the air flowing 

through it, is the most difficult thing to determine 

in the field of engineering that I have ever attempted 

to measure. 

That first part, the heat that the furnace was able 

to impart to the air between the inlet and the outlet 

at the bonnet, is equal to the weight of air that went 

through the furnace in this hour we are talking about, 

multiplied by the rise in temperature that took place. 

IT LOOKS EASY, BUT 

Apparently I have only to measure two things; I 

have to measure the weight of air that goes tlirougli 

the furnace in an hour and measure correctly the 

rise in temperature that takes place in this air as it 

flows through the furnace. If I can get the data 

that tells me what weiglit of air went through and 

the rise in temperature and someone gives me the 

weiglit of coal, I have got the efficiency of any man's 

furnace by the simplest sort of arithmetical calculation, 

and dividing one by anotlier, I will come out 

with an efficiency of 50 to 60 per cent in a good pipe 

furnace and running up to 65 per cent in a pipeless 

furnace. But I am able at the present time to get 

only about 60 per cent efficiency out of a pound of 

coal from a pipe furnace, the pipeless furnace apparently 

doing a little better. 

With that understanding we started out to find 

some means of measuring the weight of air going 

through a furnace in an hour. We had to measure 

volume before we could get the weight, and that 

lias occupied probably half the time, and half the 

money available has been spent upon this part of the 

investigation, to find some accurate means of getting 

this volume of air which can be transferred into 

weight. The balance of the time has been spent 

largely on finding satisfactory methods for determining 

the rise in temperature that takes place between 

the inlet air temperature and the outlet air temperature 

as the -air leaves the bodv of the furnace. That 

is where most of the time and money has gone to date. 

The measurement of the coal is very simple. You 

have simply to weigh the coal and we have all the data 

we want and very accurately, because we have a scale 

with which the weight can be gotten with an accuracy 

far within any limits to which we would ever care to 

work, and that is entirely satisfactory. I am going 

to give you a very few figures, because I feel that you 

"light to have something definite to take away from 

this meeting. I am going to take a typical furnace test. 

such as has been run on a pipe furnace in the laboratory, 

reported in Bulletin 112, published by the Engineering 

Experiment Station. This particular furnace 

was run with an average register temperature 

of 150 deg. 

The furnaces are tested in a plant set up in the 

mechanical engineering laboratorv with three levels 

A skeleton house corresponding to the conditions that 

exist in an ordinary small house was constructed, with 

ten leaders and with stacks and registers on the three 

floors. 

In the operation of this furnace on this particular 

test the rise in temperature through the furnace was 

97 deg., the registered temperature in the bonnet 

was 152 deg. as the air left the furnace. There was 

a 10-deg. loss there. Sixty pounds of air a minute 

went through the furnace, and that gives us 3,600 lb. 

of air an hour, with a rise in temperature of 97 deg. 

It takes about a quarter of a heat unit or B. t. u. To 

raise 1 lb. of air 1 deg., so 3,600 X 97 X \i or 87,300 

represents the number of heat units put into this 

furnace in one hour. 

At the same time this was done, 12 Ib. of coal 

were burned on the grate. Coal has a total heat 

value pf about 12,800 B. t. u. Therefore if you will 

divide the first product, 87.300. by 12 times 12,800 

and multiply by 100, you will have the efficiency 

value, in this ease of 54% per cent. 

I am coming to something farther on where this 

will be of considerable importance. We were able to 

ascertain that the efficiency of the furnaee was about 

5-V2 per cent. In other words, for every 100 lb. of 

eoal burned in the furnace, you are able to get full 

heating value out of 5H/2 lb. delivered at the bonnet, 

readv to go to the rooms of the liouse. 

WHERE DOES THE LOST HEAT GO? 

Where did the rest of it go? I want to emphasize 

the importance of this efficiency part of the problem. 

There is evidently, then, in every furnaee rated at 

about this average efficiency, a waste of heat not delivered 

to the rooms of the liouse of something like 

^5^/2 per cent. 

We have made a study to see if we could analyze 

this -151/2 per cent waste. Why can't we get more 

heat into the leaders going to the rooms of the house? 

By analyzing flue gases, we found that 13 per cent of 

the heat in the coal was necessary to maintain a satisfactory 

draft, and that is a legitimate charge against 

the coal pile. Of the 100 lb. of coal, 13 per cent is 

legitimately used for maintaining the draft. That 

left a difference, as you will see, from 13 to -lal/o, or 

about 32 : j/2 per cent of the licit that goes somewhere 

that does not get into the rooms of the house. 

Now please get the significance of this; it is the 

biggest thing I have got to tell you to-day. This is 

a typical ring radiator type of furnace, I suppose 

the most common type of furnace made in America 

to-day, and 32!/2 per cent of the coal was being dissipated 

somewhere below the leaders of that furnace. 

I say advisedly below the leaders of the furnace. 

Where was it going ? 

LOSSES SELDOM CONSIDERED HERETOFORE 

Our study of the conditions—and we have run many 

tests—indicates very plainly where it is going. It is 

going into the floor in radiation. The ground is absorbing 

a great deal of it, and it is going out of the 

bonnet in radiation and going out of the front of the 

furnace. The cast iron front is radiating a tremendous 

amount of it; in fact, we proved this particular 

set of test by putting 2 in. of hair felt around the

344 M E T A L WORKER, P L U M B ER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 

furnace to try to intercept the radiation loss, but is the a man in this room who cannot get the conception 

loss was so great directly away from the hot coal in the of it in a minute if it is put properly. 

fire part of the furnace that it burned the felt. 

Say you have a pound of coal and you are able 

If there is 25 to 35 per cent loss from the ordi to put that in a little capsule in 2 cu. ft. of water, 

nary present-day furnace from radiation into the base suppose you could burn it in that water; that water 

ment, it seems to me that furnace manufacturers will would rise 10 deg. in temperature if every bit of 

be spending tlieir money to very good purpose if we the heat from that coal went in it. I have raised 

can save any of that tremendous waste. 

the temperature of that water 10 deg. I had 2 cu. ft. 

It is a terrible indictment against the warm-air or 120 lb.; therefore the heat value of the coal would 

furnace that we have not been able to construct, in be 1,200 B. t. u.'s and that is all the chemist does in 

the average type of furnaces on the market, a better getting heat values, so that a B. t. u. is the amount 

furnace than this. Take the average type of fur of heat that will raise 1 lb. of water 1 deg. fahr. It is 

nace; it loses in direct radiation straight out through as simple a definition as you could give a man of a foot. 

the casing, from the front of the furnace, 25 to 30 

per cent of the heat of the coal. Out of every 100 lb. 


of coal, 25 or 30 are going to radiate out into the 

basement or down into the floor, and please do not '•'Gas"' Cans Supplant Sheep Bells 

overlook the floor. 

We have put a water pan under a furnace to prove 

how much heat goes there and we find that about 5 

per cent of the heat goes down into the ground under 

the furnace. Tliere is a further analysis of where 

this 25 to 30 per cent of wasted heat is going, and 

while we are on this point, I think it will be well 

worth while to attempt to illustrate the reason why 

a warm-air furnace radiates more heat and loses it 

through the casing than a steam boiler or a hot water 

heater loses. 

American Red Cross gasoline cans and stray shell 

cases left by Austrian armies have supplanted the 

quaint brass sheep bells in Albanian pasture lands. 

Time was when the sheep bell was a thing of beauty, 

made of hand-hammered brass, curiously and artistically 

shaped and often finely chased in primitive oriental 

designs. . 

The scarcity of brass in the Balkans has forced 

herders to use any resonant material they can find, 

and discarded "gas" cans and battlefield debris have 

been fashioned into bells. 

EFFECTIVENESS OF FIRE SURFACE 

Many of the unique brass bells grace American 

It is due to the fact that most of the heat in a tea tables where the quaint artistry draws admiring 

warm-air furnace, as they are constructed to-day— comment from curiou lovers. The peculiarly beautiful 

and make this statement advisedly, I intend to stand tone which the Albanian artisan produced with the 

on it—most of the heat comes away from this fire use of brass is a secret known only to the bell makers 

pot, practically all, in fact, comes away from the fire themselves. 

pot—as radiant heat and travels as light travels, in 

straight lines away from the hot surface of the coal 

against the pot and then out against the casing and Recipe from an Old Scrap Book 

out beyond the casing. The casing only causes it to 

hesitate for an instant as it goes on out. The air 

coming into the furnace picks up what heat it can 

by rubbing against the surfaces of the fire-pot, radiators 

and the hot surfaces of the casing, which are too 

hot to transmit more heat through and beyond them 

than the air can pick up as it goes over. 

In the case of the hot water heater, the water is 

able to pick up this energy at the hot surface and 

reduce the temperature so much that the radiation 

loss is cut down very materially as compared with 

the warm-air furnace. We are trying to intercept 

some of that heat on its way out. It is going to go 

out and all we can hope to do is to put some shields 

in there that will get hot. If we can cool that shield 

off with some air flowing over it, so that the air flows 

through the furnace, it will reduce the temperature of 

the outside of the furnace, we have accomplished the 

thing I am seeking and the thing we have got to accomplish 

if we are going to make any material saving 

in this 25 or 35 per cent radiant heat that we are 

losing at the present time. 

Before leaving this subject of furnace testing, I 

want to make a prediction. It is rather dangerous to 

be a prophet; liowever, I want to predict that in my 

opinion the successful furnaceman of the future will 

have to use B. t. u.'s as easily as he uses the percentage 

sign or the dollar sign; and I also want to say 

right here that there is nothing mysterious about the 

B. t. u., the so-called heat unit. I do not think there



problems---the Place to 


SERV 




GRATIS 

Connecting Heater with Range Boiler boiler will be siphoned out through the cold water sup 

in Bath Room 

ply line if the hot water faucet on any fixture is left 

open so that it will suck up air. 

From H. J., Illinois—Replying to "A. V. B." in the 

You may say that all this will never happen. They 

August 13 issue of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND 

ought to keep the system pumped up. Who is going 

STEAM FITTER I want to tell him of an experience I 

to pump? It is the boy of from 10 to 15 years who is 

had with a hot-water supply system. 

usually ordered to do this. It is more natural for him 

A system put in exactly like one shown in the il 

than to make a discovery in a hurry that hot water can 

lustration will make the customer say when asked how 

be had from the cold water faucet without pumping by 

his system works, "Well, we are getting along with it 

just letting the hot water faucet suck in the air. Next 

but I guess it might be worse.". The first thing the 

the water will be low enough in the range boiler so that 

svstem will do after firing up once or twice will be 

the circulation from the furnace stops and, when fired 

either to blow up or to burst. Then after being reup, 

the water will boil in the pipe, making a noise. 

Then the occupants of the house will think something 

is going to burst again and send fo_ another plumber 

and the first plumber will have to look for anotlier 

customer which in this case will be hard to get. 

It is not good policy to tell the customer what he 

should do, but the plumber should figure on what the 

customer will do and install the system so that nothing 

will happen no matter what he does. 

In the accompanying plan is shown the way I attained 

best results for instant hot water and enthusiastic 

customers. You will note that the return is only 

1/2 in. and returns to the tank about one-half way up. 

I find that this works better, as when opening a faucet, 

the water will be drawn partly from the return line 

and partly from the flow line in direct proportion to the 

difference in size of the pipe of the return and flow 

lines. If the return were connected to the bottom of 

the tank, it would draw the cooler water from the bottom 

of the tank; therefore, the water received at the 

faucet would not be as hot as it would be if the return 

connections in tank were above the middle. 

You will also note that my arrangement only takes 

one-half of the pipe as sliown in sketch. The range 

boiler should by all means be placed in the basement 

under the ceiling. Heat would not be required in the 

summer. It would be much more consistent and economical 

to place a small radiator in the bath room, 

METHOD OF HEATER CONNECTION WITH RANGE BOILER which could be turned on when needed and shut off 

when the hot water is wanted elsewhere. The tank 

paired it will blow up again and keep on blowing up 

in the basement should be covered to retain the heat, 

until the check valve has been removed and returned 

also the pipes leading to the different fixtures, as this 

to the jobber for credit and a claim for the inferior 

will effect a saving in the coal used for lieating water 

grade of pipe and fixtures has been put in. The next 

and will eliminate the necessity of unnecessary heat 

trouble will be with the stop cock. Somebody will fix 

the leaky faucet on account of the check valve doing 

in the house during the summer months. 

This arrangement of piping will give instant hot 

some damage that has not been found at first and then 

forget to open it before firing. Of course the same 

water as the water will go direct to the fixtures before 

thing will burst one or more times until the stop cock 

it goes through the tank and plenty of hot water may 

is exchanged for a stop and waste. 

be had at once with a liandful of kindlings. Also, the 

When tbat is fixed the worst will be over and all 

hotter the water at the faucet, the less of it is used, 

the trouble will be in keeping water in the system 

as in winter most people will wash merely for the sake 

because nobody likes to pump. Tlierefore the range of warming up their nose.

346 M E T A L W ORKER, PL U M 

The Edit 

Do You Know the Bank President? 

IT may surprise you to hear that the ministers do 

not have anything like as many confidants as do 

the bank presidents. The real live men who are 

doing business and who need money go to him and 

tell him all about their affairs so he will know the} 7 

are in a position to make money. Then if they want 

to borrow some he has no hesitation in accepting their 

note and furnishing the cash. They have shown him 

very clearly by explaining tlieir finances, tlieir pros 

pects and their opportunities, that thev have the quali 

fications for success in life. The information he re 

ceives is held as confidential and nobody is ever the 

wiser except that the bank president is very apt to say 

a good word for the man about whose business he is 

well informed. 

A man may have an account with a bank for a long 

time without making the acquaintance of the officials. 

They are as much in a retail business as the fruit 

dealer on the corner, who has to be very careful that 

he is kind and pleasant to all the children to increase 

his business. 

The bank president will welcome you if you will 

drop in and hastily tell him some of the things you 

are engaged upon, how much money you intend to 

make and how you could borrow $1,000 to settle a 

wliole lot of bills and make a good cash discount that 

would pay the interest on the note. If you visit him 

frequently enough he will say you are not borrowing 

very much and that the bank has money and could 

raise you a thousand or two if you have a place where 

you could use it to advantage. 

IT IS TIME TO GET ACQUAINTED 

Do you know your bank officials? If not. why not? 

Stop in sometime and tell his highness, the president, 

that when you started you had a few dollars, the 

good will of your customers, good health and good 

training and that now you possess a whole lot of things. 

He may tell you that you have too much in stock or 

building and it is time for you to get some of your 

money out of old stock and into securities that will 

pav you a good income. He may go so far as to say 

that in your line of business, for the volume done, 

there should not be more than half the amount of 

monev you have tied up in your business in a town of 

the size in whicli vou are located. 

That is the time for you to sit up and take notice. 

Heed the advice and cash in on the old shopkeepers. 

The bank officials arc supposed to be pretty shrewd 

financial men and conversation with them should give 

AND STE A _ I FITTER SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 

• rial Page 

you some pointers about how you can liandle your 

business affairs so as to make them productive of more 

revenue. 

Set the Pay Day and Send the Bill 

T H E one purpose for which any man is business 

and working for the public is to make money. He 

cannot do it if he i.s careless about his books. 

When a customer is buying something it is time—the 

best time and the only time—to set the pay day. When 

the work is completed or the goods are delivered, it 

is nothing short of «a crime to neglect to send the 

bill so the customer will have it at the same time he 

has the pleasure of looking over his new purchase. 

That is the time when he is ready to consider he has 

made a good bargain and to be happily inclined to 

ward the man he owes money so that he will send 

along his cheek or drop in and pav the bill at once. 

The customer who has to wait and sometimes ask two 

or three times for his bill will eventually become dis 

gusted and, when he does get the bill, will be in the 

frame of mind to say, "Well, I had to wait for the 

bill; let him wait for the money." It makes no dif 

ference how long any man has worked during the day 

waiting on customers and taking care of their busi 

ness, it is too soon to quit and go to bed if there are 

any charges not on the book and tliere are any com 

pleted job for which the bill is not in the mail. The 

man who can take advantage of the price discount of 

fered by the wholesale houses is tbe man who collects 

closely. 

Adviser to the Consumer 

IT is very advantageous to occupy that position in 

the peoples' minds that brings all sorts of in 

quiries and enables the man to give that counsel 

which increases comfort or helps them out of all sorts 

of difficulties. When those who require service are 

recommended to see some popular tradesman as the 

best source for information, be is in an enviable posi 

tion. If he has all the qualifications that he should 

have to be entitled to such confidence, he will have 

his selling talent well developed so that with the in 

formation which he is able to give there will alwavs 

be an opportunity to furnish for the home some spe 

cial appliance he is pushing and to make many of his 

customers grateful to him.

SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM F 

News of the Traele Associations 

Western Trade Golfers at Riverside 

Large Gathering at Riverside Golf Club on Tuesday, 

August 31. Next Meet at Milwaukee 

A good crowd, numbering 45, answered the call 

for a pleasant day in the open, at the Riverside Golf 

Club, Riverside, 111., Tuesday. August 31. A qualifying 

round of 9 boles was played in the morning, and 

SOME OF THOSE PRESENT AT GOLF MEET 

Upper—A. J. Ewing, Driving Off. 

Left— H. E. Keeler at No. 1. 

Right—Paul Blatchford and H. W. Craig 

at noon an excellent lunch was served on the club 

house piazza. 

In the afternoon 12 foursomes were made up to participate 

in the 18-hole match play for the association 

cup, flight prizes and a special prize given by Dick 

Collings. This latter was played for in blind bogey 

between 75 and 100. Each player was allowed to 

choose his own handicap, but the winner, William 

Thompson, had the expert advice of Treasurer Joe 

Carroll, who told Bill to take 50, so that the vacuum 

cleaner was given to him. 

A. L. Miller got the Guest prize, with a net of 74, 

and Henry O'Callihan brought in a 67 net, which 

gave him the Association cup. J. M. Weil now has 

two legs on the Duffers' cup for shooting a 152 gross. 

E. W. Sanhorn 

L. B. Fulton . 


Gross 

53 

55 

Handicap 

10 

12 

Net 

43 

43 

J. M. McDonald 

A. S. Lindeblad 

II. M. Sedgwick 

W. E. McColluni 

E. C. Garrity 

Harold Cross 

R. C. Flinder 

H. W. Craig . 

E. Buehler . 

H. E. Harper 

J. Claflin (guest) 

H. W. Evans 

S. Bloom (guest) . 

B. Nelson 

Frank Crumley 

Charles Bishop 

J. P. Dugger 

W. B. Dale 

A. L. Miller (guest) 

L. R. Tavlor 

H. B. JIason 

M. J. Czarnieeke 

A, J. Ewing 

William Bvrd 

If. Shaw 

J. T. Carroll 

N. H. Blatchford 


H. E. Keeler 

J. M. Weil 

Martin Weil 

Benjamin Weil 

Henry O'Callihan 

T. P.'Wade 

L. R. Ottke _ 

iross 

16 

(i.5 

43 

62 

07 

CO 

15 

51 

. .50 

(i(i 

44. 

. 64 

59 

59 

. 52 

. 19 

. 53 

. 5(1 

. 37 

. 12 

. 48 

. 48 

. 45 

54 

50 

. 50 

. 54 

.. 54 

. 50 

77 

.. 66 

.. 67 

.. 54 

.. 53 

.. 45 

.. 55 

Handicaj 

3 

15 

7 

15 

15 

15 

11 

8 

9 

15 

5 

14 

15 

15 

15 

10 

12 

12 

3 

6 

5 

13 

5 

8 

10 

9 

11 

15 

15 

15 

13 

7 

6 

13 

317 

Net 

43 

50 

36 

53 

52 

45 

34 

43 

41 

51 

39 

50 

44 

44 

37 

39 

41 

38 

31 

37 

41 

42 

40 

41 

45 

42 

44 

45 

39 

62 

51 

5-2 

41 

46 

39 

42 

At 6:30, when everyone was cleaned up, smiling, and 

Joe Carroll had collected the necessarv ante, they 

J. fell E. to Sharpe and not a trace of the excellent dinner served 

in the club house dining room remained after 45 keen 

appetites had been satisfied. 

Bruce Fulton drew all eyes with a new green suit 

and it was decided that he would make a poor burglar 

in the disguise. In the absence of the officers, Past- 

President H. E. Keeler presided and awarded the 

prizes and then presented the names of the following, 

who were elected to membership with the usual one 

dissenting vote: C. O. Lindol, S. K. Bloom, George 

Halligan and Otto Deschauer. 

A rising vote of thanks was given to Mr. Mitchell, 

the host of the day, and the board of governors of the 

Riverside Golf Club. 

Captain E. W. Sanborn announced that the next 

meet would be held at the Blue Mound Golf Club, 

Milwaukee, Wis., September 21, through the courtesy 

of Mr. Sharp. He asked everyone to make a special 

effort to return the post card signifying the intention 

of being present so that proper arrangements could 

be made for a special car on the Chicago, North Shore 

& Milwaukee. 

AFTERNOON 18-HOLE MATCH PLAY 

Flight Gross 

1. IMiller - 80 

Flinder 

10 ~ 

•Sedgwick 

86 

Tavlor 

93 

2. Buehler 98 

Crumlev - - 116 

andicap 

6 

21 

13 

10 

IS 

29 

Net 

74 

81 

73 

82 

80 

87

S48 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 10, 

Flight Gross 

Dale __ - _ -111 

*Keeler - 99 

3. Claflin _..._ 88 

Bishop - _ 98 

*Ewing 91 

Wade — 108 

4. Dugger _ _ — 102 

*Mason - 94 

J Bvrd O'Callihan 

104 92 

Czarneicki 

97 

Carroll 

97 

*Craig 

90 

Bloom 

124 

Sanborn ..... 

S9 

Fulton 

105 

'McDonald . 

93 

Nelson N. 

127 

Blatchford, 

.....114 

Cross - 

P. _._ 

*Shaw - 

*Evans Blatchford, 

Lindeblad Harper _ 

_ 114 

95 

100 

- UT 

.120 

14-2 

Weil, M 124 

Garritv _...-,- 

147 

Weil, B - _ 1*3 

*McCollum _ -••••- 151 

10. | Weil, Thompson J - .._ _ 150 152 

Deschauer 

_ 178 

*Keeney 

.._ _._134 

Halligan . 

._ 177 

11. 

•Ottke _ - 

88 

12. 

Sharpe _... 

107 

Mohnson . 

91 

Bortner _... __ 108 

Barrows _ 

._ _ 123 

* Flight Sine prize _ — winners. 

116 

t Association cup. 

|| Special prize. 

f Guest prize. 

idicap 

24 

r -i 

10 

20 

10 

14 

24 

14 

25 

25 

12 

16 

16 

30 

19 

24 

6 

30 

20 

30 

10 

17 

30 

27 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

12 

26 

16 

19 

30 

30 

Indiana Jobbers and Salesman's Auxiliary 

Meeting Held on August 27 to Explain Purpose 

of Organization to New Members 

Net 

87 

77 

78 

78 

81 

94 

78 

80 

79 

67 

85 

81 

74 

94 

80 

81 

87 

97 

94 

84 

85 

83 

90 

90 

112 

94 

117 

113 

121 

122 

120 

148 

104 

147 

76 

81 

75 

89 

93 

86 

The Indiana Jobbers and Salesman's Auxiliary met 

at the new plant of the Hall-Neal Furnace Co., at 1324 

North Capitol Avenue, Friday, August 27, at 8 o'clock 

p. m., to explain the purpose of the Auxiliary to its 

new members. 

The meeting was opened with President E. W. Norman 

in the chair. After several talks showing the 

advantage of an Auxiliary to the sheet metal contractors 

of the state as well as to the manufaeturing jobber 

and salesman, the president was instructed to appoint 

a chairman for an entertainment committee. Harry 

R. Jones was appointed and instructed to pick out 

his own help. J. M. Oliphant was appointed chairman 

of the membership committee. 

After 7 new members addressed the meeting it was 

voted to have a smoker on Friday night, October 1, at 

8 o'clock p. m., and every tinner, sheet metal worker 

and furnaceman in the city of Indianapolis is invited 

to enjoy the meeting and to have a speaker for the 

evening. 

All members present pledged themselves to have a 

membership of 100 in 60 days. 

It was voted to have the Auxiliary arrange an exhibit 

of merchandise of any manufacturer or jobber 

that wished to show his goods at the time of the Indiana 

Sheet Metal Contractors' convention, and to ap- 

point a committee to take care of this part of the work. 

It is the purpose of the Auxiliary to sell space for a 

price to cover the expense of the convention only and 

it is not a money-making proposition. 

Changes in Du Pont Company 

The Minneapolis Paint Sales Office of the Du Pont 

Paint and Varnish Division will be discontinued, the 

business being transferred to the Chicago Consolidated 

Offices. Warehouse facilities, however, will be maintained 

at Minneapolis. 

The Du Pont company recently acquired the Chicago 

Varnish Co. A sales office has been maintained 

at 2100 Elston Avenue, Chicago, in charge of T. O. 

Bannister, to sell its products. This business will also 

be transferred to the Chicago Consolidated Offices. 

G. M. Breinig, manager of the Minneapolis sales 

office, will be transferred to headquarters at Wilmington, 

Dela., as Manager Trade Sales, Paint and Varnish 

Section of the Paint and Pigment Division. 

Charles A. Lynn will become Manager Sales Industrial, 

Paint and Varnish Section, Paint and Pigment 

Division. 

Gordon Barber, sales manager of the Paint and 

Varnish Division of the Chicago Consolidated Offices, 

has been transferred to Pittsburgh as Sales Manager 

of the Paint and Varnish Division of the Pittsburgh 

Consolidated Offices. T. O. Bannister, who has been 

handling sales of the products of the Chicago Varnish 

Co., will be transferred to the Chicago Consolidated 

offices as Sales Manager of the Paint and Varnish 

Division. 

Progressive Activity the Slogan of Cincinnati 

Sheet Metal Contractors 

The Cincinnati Sheet Metal Contractors held a dinner 

meeting at the Business Men's Club on Tuesday 

evening, August 26. The principal speaker of the 

evening was J. C. Greenburg of Peoria, 111., who took 

as his subject "Laws of Nature as Applied to Business." 

Mr. Greenburg's address was one of the most 

interesting ever heard by the members of the association 

and that it created great interest was attested to 

by the fact that the attendance of the members of the 

local was nearly 100 per cent of the total. 

Mr. Greenburg impressed on the members of the 

association the importance of knowing their goods, 

and gave illustrations from his own experience to drive 

home his points. He also gave a blackboard demonstration 

of some of the more important parts of his 

address, illustrating the connection between various 

branches of the sheet metal business. Mr. Greenburg 

also urged the importance of associations on the members 

present, and stated that in his opinion with a 

really high-class organizer the state of Ohio could be 

organized 100 per cent. 

After the principal address a general discussion was 

held on the sheet metal business generally, and it was 

decided that the Cincinnati local urge upon the Board 

of Directors of the State Association the advisability 

of appointing a paid secretary who would also act as 

organizer. Another roofing concern applied for membership 

in the local, whicli makes about 15 new members 

secured within the past 2 months.

SEPTEMBEH 10, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM F 

Milwaukee Sheet Metal Contractors Meet 

Twenty Members in Attendance at Monthly 

Gathering on Friday, September 3rd 

The regularly monthly meeting of the Master Sheet 

Metal Contractors' Association of Milwaukee, Wis., 

was held on Friday evening, September 3, with President 

Oscar A. Hoffman presiding. Twenty members 

were in attendance. 

The minutes of the meeting were read and approved. 

Secretary Edward Hoffman was instructed 

to make note in next month's notice of meeting that 

circulars for insurance report which were reqeived by 

the members should be filled out immediately and returned 

to Paul L. Biersaeh so that the committee will 

have something to work on. 

New York Sheet Metal Men's Activities 

Letter Being Sent Out to Trade by Secretary of 

Roofers and Sheet Metal Workers' Organization 

Members of the sheet metal industry are receiving 

from Secretary Herman Weinberger of the Employers' 

Association of Roofers and Sheet Metal Workers 

of Greater New York, headquarters 30-34c West Thirty-third 

Street, the following letter: 

Americans are the equal of all progressive nations 

in the fine and liberal Arts, Finance, Sports, in fact, 

in every one of life's activities. They even excel in 

some. 

Would you like the American Sheet Metal Worker 

to occupy a foremost position among the world's greatest 

mechanics ? If so, see to it that your apprentices 

will attend the sheet metal classes open for their benefit 

by the Board of Education, or any other sheet metal 

class conducted by approved private institutions. 

The course of instruction offered in the public 

schools would make a first-class mechanic of any ambitious 

young man. Remember, also, that there are 

many foreign young men serving their apprenticeship. 

By getting these boys to absorb the American spirit 

prevailing in these classes, you will not only help to 

acquire competent mechanics, but you will also help 

the great Americanization movement more than you 

can fathom. 

The apprentices have been notified when and where 

to register for admission. I look to you to encourage 

them on their way to become mechanics of whom we 

all can feel proud. 

Why not try to induce some of your mechanics who 

did not enjoy the advantages of a technical training, 

to also attend these classes. 

International Chamber of Commerce 

Headquarters 

The work of setting up the machinery of the newly 

organized International Chamber of Commerce is now 

under way in the temporary headquarters at 33 rue 

Jean-Donjon, Paris. The permanent headquarters, 

which will be determined by the Board of Directors, 

will probably be located at the seat/ of the League 

of Nations. 

Dr. Edward Dolleans, professor of Political Economy 

at the University of Dijon, who is the temporary 

secretary-general of the International Chamber, is directing 

the work of putting the machinery in motion. 

He is being temporarily assisted by David A. Skinner, 

secretary of the Chamber of Commerce of the United 

States. 

The outlook for the business "League of Nations" 

is very promising, according to American delegates 

who have returned to the United States from the Paris 

conference, where the International Chamber was 

formed. They report that no more earnest group of 

men ever met for a greater cause than the 500 delegates 

from France, Italy, Belgium, Great Britain and 

the United States—the five foundation countries—who 

gathered for the purpose of building the machine 

which would set in operation to deal with commercial 

problems between the nations. 

American delegates point out that never before had 

the business interdependence of the world's commerce 

and the acute character of many of the pressing commercial, 

financial and economic problems been formally 

recognized. Nor had there even been such a 

serious and united effort made to find common ground 

on which unity of thought and action might take 

place. 

SNAPS TAKEN AT PICNIC OF CHICAGO PLUMBERS AT 

KOLZE, ILL., ON AUGUST 28 

Top—Alice Goesch, The Gorh; 

1. White. Center—The Sale 

349

350 METAL WOi-KER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FIT T E R SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 



THE GUARANTEE RADIATOR WORKS, 111 Central 

Avenue, Newark, N. J., have been organized to manufacture 

automobile radiators and other sheet metal 

products. Louis Gerber. 183 South Thirteenth Street, 

heads the company. 

THE KELL-PHILIPP Co., INC , Holliday and Center 

Streets, Baltimore, manufacturer of slieet metal products, 

has preliminary plans under way for a new one 

and two-story factory, 70x 165 ft., to cost about 

.$50,000. 

THE METALWARE CORPORATION, Two Rivers. Wis., 

has been incorporated with a capital stock of $30,000 

to manufacture metal utensils, stamped, rolled, drawn 

and cast metal ware. The incorporators are William 

H. Ellis and Charles F. Kirst, both of Two Rivers. 

THE ILLINOIS METAL PROCESS CO. has leased a half 

block on Arthington Avenue, extending from Kilpatrick 

Avenue to the Belt Railway, Chicago. The property 

includes several brick buildings which, with additional 

structures to be erected, will be used in the manufacture 

of window sash weights and other metal 

products. 

THE KENTUCKY WAGON MANUFACTURING Co., 

Louisville, Ky., R. V. Board, president, has announced 

the purchase of additional land, making 47 acres in 

the plant site. It is planned to erect larger sheet 

metal working shops and increase the drop forging, 

casting and other shops in order to increase production 

of automobiles. 

THE U. S. FOIL CO., Louisville, Ky., controlled by 

the Reynolds Corporation, tobacco manufacturers, has 

announced that a large addition will be made to its 

local tin foil plant, increasing floor space by 65,000 ft., 

and number of employes. It is planned to have machinery 

installed and additions completed in 90 days. 

THE LOUISVILLE ALUMINUN & BRASS CO., a subsidiary 

of the Vendome Copper & Brass Works, is one of 

the new companies in Louisville, Ky., and is doing 

nicely. It is featuring casting work, especially aluminum, 

and plans later to handle much bigger work than 

at present. E. E. Sherman stated that the concern 

was getting a lot of automobile work and planned to 

even take up production of crank cases for autos. 

THE HOPKINS-LE FEVRE CO., Buhl Building, Detroit, 

Mich., has been appointed sales agents for the 

Bologh skylight for Michigan and Illinois. It reports 

that the skylight is meeting with wonderful success. 

It has contracts for ten theaters at the present time 

and is figuring on forty more to be erected in the 

early fall. 

THE PROBERT SHEET METAL CO. has offices and 

factory at 21 West Eighth Street, Covington, Ky., 

and is ready to make anything in sheet metal. It has 

been incorporated with a capital stock of $50,000 and 

the officers are: President, J. B. Heizer; vice-president, 

J. A. Downard; secretary, O. J. Carpenter; and 

treasurer, and general manager, E. R. Probert. Mr. 

Probert was superintendent of the Moeschl-Edwards 

Corrugating Co. for 8 years and is well qualified to 

handle the extensive line of work that company manufactures. 

It includes cornices, skylights, ventilators, 

gutters, lockers, marquise, garages, metal roofing, windows, 

ceilings, shingles, tiles, fire and rolling doors. 

FIRE RECENTLY DESTROYED A PORTION of the plant 

of the Steiger & Kerr Stove & Foundry Co., 2201 Folsome 

Street, San Francisco, with loss estimated at 

$25,000. 


THE PREST-O-LITE CO., Erie and Albany Street, 

Cambridge, Mass., has awarded contract to the Truscon 

Steel Co., 3.8 Sumner Street, Boston, for its proposed 

new acetylene plant on Erie Street, to cost about 

$100,000. 

THE GENERAL HEATING CORPORATION OF AMERICA, 

1172 Broadway, New York, manufacturer of heating 

apparatus, etc., has increased its capital from $150,000 

to $1,000,000. 

FROELICH BROTHERS, INC., 112 North Seventh 

Street, Philadelphia, manufacturer of pipe, fittings and 

plumbers' supplies, etc., has filed plans for a one-story 

building, 30 x 113 ft., to cost about $20,000. 

THE EDWARD SCHWARTZ MILL SUPPLY Co., INC., recently 

organized at 520 Toulouse Street. New Orleans, 

La., has purchased the surplus valves, pipe, fittings, 

etc.. in the Southern district from the U. S. Shipping 

Board, and plans to embark in the general mill supply 

business on a large scale. The members of the firm are 

E. and I. Marx of A. Marx & Sons, and A. Deifenthal 

and L. Seidenbach of the Soutliern Scrap Material 

Co., New Orleans, and Edward Schwartz, president 

and general manager. 

THE HARTFORD HOME BUILDERS' ASSOCIATION has 

placed an order for 250 Kelsey generators to be used 

in high-class workmen's houses now being built in that 

city. The Kelsey generators are manufactured by the 

Kelsey Heating Co., Syracuse, N. Y., manufacturersof 

heating and ventilating apparatus. 

To PROVIDE FACILITIES for a greater production of 

"Ever Hot" soldering torches the capital stock of the 

Peterson-Plumnier Manufacturing Co., Mavwood 111. 

has been increased to $175,000. This new convenient 

tool for plumbers and sheet metal workers has just 

been put on the market by Belfrey & Craighead, 1528 

Tribune Building. Cliicago, 111.


Head of English Firm Coming Here 

Maurice Sutcliffe, the managing director of the Sutcliffe 

Ventilating & Drying Co., Ltd., Cathedral 

Gates, Manchester, England, is on his way to New 

York and expects to arrive by the S. S. Victoria early 

in September. Mr. Sutcliffe has only made one previous 

trip to this country and that was 16 years ago. 

His father, J. D. Sutcliffe, the founder of the business, 

is well known to the Eastern and Middle states 

and his host of friends will be glad to bear that although 

be has retired from active participation in the 

business, be is in splendid health and spirits. The 

firm is anxious to handle anything American that relates 

to fans, ventilating, warming or dry plant, so 

long as it is superbly good. It is willing either to 

buy outright or to work on royalty. 

Anvone wishing to communicate with Maurice Sutcliffe 

Anay address him at the main office of METAL 

WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER, 156 Fifth Avenue, 


Liberty Hot Water Heater 

The Liberty water lieater, 

manufactured by the Cooper 

Sanitary Manufacturing Co., 

Philadelphia, Pa., is sliown in 

the accompanying illustration. 

A.s will be seen, this heater 

beats the water through the 

shell of the boiler itself on the 

old principle of the tea kettle 

on tbe stove. The shell of the 

water heater is of galvanized 

sheet iron entirely covering the 

combustion chamber of the 

burner and conducts the heat 

up along the side of range 

boiler. Complete information 

in regard to this lieater can be 

had by addressing the company. 

Oxweld Puts Out 

"Eveready" Book 

The new "Eveready ' instruction 

book put out recently 

by the Oxweld Acetylene Co., 

3610 Jasper Place, Chicago, 

111., is one of the best treatises 

on everyday oxy-acetylene 

welding and cutting that has 

thus far been produced in the commercial literature 

of the industry. 

The little volume is a compact and handy brochure, 

5x8 in., containing 55 printed pages, inclusive of illustrations 

and drawings. It covers the field of everyday 

applications in a remarkably clear and concise 

treatment and in language that is easy for the beginner 

to grasp, and it is at the same time invaluable to the 

experienced welder and cutter. The booklet is distributed 

free. 

Memphis Heating and Plumbing Trade 

Lew Tisdale & Co. has the contract at Memphis 

for the plumbing on a big new brick warehouse for the 

Stratton Grocery Co. 

Al Pritchard, of Pritchard Bros., Madison Ave- 

nue, and a party of plumber associates enjoyed an 

August outing at Hardy. Ark., well equipped with 

hunting and fishing preserves and a popular place just 

across the river for Memphians who love outdoor sport 

1 ritchard Bros, do much of the plumbing business of 

Memphis, they report an active summer and outlook 

for a busy fall season. 

3.1 

Business and Economic Conditions 

The Federal Reserve Board, under date of September 

1, issued a review of general husiness and financial 

conditions throughout the several Federal Reserve Districts 

during the month of August, as contained in 

forthcoming issue of Federal Reserve Bulletin. It 

shows that continued readjustment of economic and 

business conditions generally has been characteristic 

feature of August. Indications are that transition 

period is nearing halt and that improvement of general 

situation is in sight. 

Chain Products Co. New Sales Manager 

A. B. Way, until recently secretary and general 

manager of the Bridgeport Chain Co., has become affiliated 

with the Chain Products Co., of Cleveland, 

Ohio, in the capacity of district sales manager for New 

England, with headquarters at the company's New 

York office, 150-152 Chambers Street. 

For many years prior to his identification with the 

chain industry, Mr. Way had been affiliated with various 

New England manufacturing institutions. During 

the great war, the importance of the chain industry 

was recognized by the War Industries Board to the 

extent of creating a separate Chain Division, under 

which was grouped all the manufacturers of chain of 

all kinds in the United States. Under this division, 

Mr. Way was elected chairman of the Board of Weldless 

Wire Chain Manufacturers. He carries with him 

the best wishes of his many friends in the industry 

for his complete success in his new undertaking. 

New York Evening Trade Schools 

Registration Dates 

The Board of Education, New York City, announces 

that five of the evening schools in which trade 

classes are conducted, will be open for registration 

on the evenings of September 13 to 17, inclusive, as 

follows: 

Murray Hill Evening High School, 237 East Thirtyseventh 

Street. 

Evening School No. 95, West Houston Street, near 

Hudson Street, Manhattan. 

Harlem Evening High School, 138th Street and Fifth 

Avenue, Harlem. 

Bushwick Evening High School, 400 Irving Avenue, 

Brooklyn. 

Evening School No. 5. Bridge and Tillery Streets, 

Brooklvn. 

Death of Alfred G. Hinderer 

Alfred G. Hinderer. 57 years of age, Louisville manager 

for Follansbee Brothers Co.. Cincinnati, large 

manufacturers and handlers of tin plate, lead, solder 

and tinners' and plumbers' lead product lines, died at 

Louisville on August 26, following an emergency operation 

for a tumor of the brain. Mr. Hinderer lived in 

Louisville for 25 vears. He was a native of Germany.

352 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM F IT T E R SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 



Black and Galvanized Sheets—Production and delivery 

better. Advances showing. 

Tin Plate—Bright plates more plentiful for trade needs 

and more roofing plates showing. 

Tin—Market fluctuating with little buying. 

Copper.—Demand sluggish, price firm. 

Zinc—Market neglected, weaker. 

Antimony—Sluggish and firm. 

Foundry Coke—Better supply. Price easier. 

Linseed Oil—Quiet and soft. 

Spirits of Turpentine—Light demand. Prices unchanged. 

Conflicting Influences But Prices Hold 

J~[T In other fields prices are coming down and buy- 

Ji ers naturally want reductions in the heating, 

plumbing and sheet metal lines but face advances. 

Freight rates are up, but, when applied to many small 

things, affect costs very slightly and the railroads are 

watching price advances that may be attributed to 

rates with determination to show up any profiteering. 

Coal prices have softened and coke, while holding, is 

expected to follow, but with demand good the movement 

is not rushing. Pig iron demand has slowed 

down and the peak is off. Labor is better in quantity 

and quality and service is improving, but continues 

high in cost. 

Goods in all lines are scarce and shipments delayed. 

With these conditions cost of production is still high, 

freight rates up and advances in cast iron and brass 

goods are expected. Jobbers' stocks are by no means 

well assorted and orders for out-of-town are seldom 

Scrap Iron, New York.— Most dealers are paying the 

filled readily if of any size. There is little to encour increase in freight rate and disposing of their scrap at a 

age the hope of builders .and the people for price re slightly lower figure. 

cessions and the tradesman who states the facts and 

hustles for the trade of those who can pay will be most 

successful. 


New York.—The market is extremely dull with little 

iron available for immediate delivery and $52 seems to be 

the minimum of eastern Pennsylvania iron. Some controversy 

in reference to freight rates on Southern iron. 

We quote for delivery in the New York district as follows, the 

higher quotations being for prompt delivery and the lower for 

first half of 1920, except on Virginia • iron, ton which the two 

quotations are due to freight rates, one being at 40 per cent 

advance and the other at 33 1-3 per cent: 

East Pa., No. 1 fdv.. Sil. 2.75 to 3.25 $55.52 to $57.52 

East Pa., No. 2X fdy., 2.25 to 2.75 53.77 to 55.77 

East Pa., No. 2 fdy., Sil. 1.75 to 2.25 52.52 to 54.52 

Buffalo, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 54.46 

No. 2 Virginia, Sil. 1.75 to 2.25 55.87 to 56.16 

Philadelphia.—Tlie demand for foundry iron is mostly 

for small lots for prompt delivery. Inquiry for first half is 

noted but without haste to buy and sellers are not pressing. 



iron, which are f.o.b. furnace: 

East Pa., No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil $52.25 to $52.54 

East Pa., No. 2X, 2.25 to 2.75 sil 53.51 to 53.79 

Virginia No. 2 plain, 1.75 to 2.25 sil 56.72 

Chicago.—rhe market is generally quiet, foundries serving 

automobile industries have reduced output with result 

iron has gone to other melters. The demand for spot iron 

has fallen off notably because of heavy purchases before 

new freight rate became effective. A second Virginia furnace 

is taking first quarter orders at $50 base furnace. 



irons, including low phosphorus, which are f.o.b. furnace 

and do not incluude a switching charge averaging 70c per ton. 

Northern coke, No. 1, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 last half $48.25 


Northern coke foundry, No. 2, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 



Southern coke, No. 1 foundry and No. 1 soft 

sil. 2.75 to 3.25 $50.92 to 51.87 

Southern coke, No. 2 foundry, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 49.92 to 50.37 

Sounthern foundry, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 48.67 

Cleveland.— In spite of reduced consumption by automobile 

foundries furnaces are able to ship their output, 

though foundries generally are not buying for next year. 

We quote delivered Cleveland as follows, based on the new 

freight rates, these being a 56c switching charge for local iron, a 

$1.96 freight rate from Valley points, a $3.36 rate from Jackson and 

$6.67 from Birmingham. 

Basic $49.06 

Northern No. 2 fdv., sil. 1.75 to 2.25 50.56 


Ohio silvery sil. 8 per cent 63.36 

Cincinnati.— The market is extremely dull and resale 

iron is offered by foundries engaged on automobile work. 

There is good demand from the stove and implement 

foundries. 

Based on freight rates of $4.50 from Birmingham and $2.52 

from Ironton, we quote f.o.b. Cincinnati: 

Southern coks, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (base price) $46.50 to $47.50 

Southern coke, sil. 2.25 to 2.75 (No. 2 soft).... 47.50 to 48.75 

Ohio silverv, 8 per cent sil 62.52 

Southern Ohio coke, sil. 1.75 to 2.25 (No. 2).... 48.52 to 49.52 

OLD MATERIALS 

Phices which dealers in New York and Brooklyn are quoting to 

local foundries, per gross ton: 





No. 2 cast (radiators cast boilers, etc.) 29.00 to 30.00 

Iron and steel pipe (1 in. diam., not under 

2 ft. long 19.50 to 20.00 


Scrap Iron, Chicago.— The general demand is quiet 

with cast scrap notably weak due to curtailed foundry 

operations. 



No. 1 cast 35.00 to $35.50 






Orate bars 28.50 to 29.00 





Scrap L-on, Pittsburgh.— Trading is on a much lio-hter 

scale and the market soft in some directions. 


other districts that take Pittsburgh freight rates as follows- 



Machine shop turnings 16.50 to 17 00 

Heavy steel axle turnings 24.00 to 25 00 

Heavy breakable cast ..., 37.00 to 38 00 

Stove plate 31.50 to 3200 

(ast iron bormgRs ' 20.50 to 2100 

Xo. 1 railroad wrought 33.00 to 34.00



(Formerly tf/LQ&tOJlt(> Apparatus) 

SHORT CUTS to BIGGER PROFITS 

N all Metal Working Shops there are Many Short 

Cuts to Bigger Profits through the use of Eveready 

Welding and Cutting Outfits. 

Let us point out the Bigger Profits YOU can make, 

and now you ean make them with Eveready 

5 equipment. 

Designed for the manufacturing plant, garage, 

machine shop, boiler shop, contractor, plumber and 

steamfitter. 

EVEREADY apparatus and supplies are for sale 

in your locality. Fill in Coupon below for New 

Catalog, and the name and address of your nearest 

distributor. 


(Eveready Apparatus Dipt.) 

3644 JASPER PLACE CHICAGO, ILL. 

WORLD'S LARGEST MAKERS OF OXY-ACETYLENE WELDING AND CUTTING OUTFITS 


Eveready Apparatus Dept, 

361- Jasper PL, Chicago, 111. 

Please mail me Free of Charge your Nev? 

Eveready Catalog and address of your distributor 

in my locality. 

Name 

P. O. Address 

WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM FITTER when writing to advertisers 

OE-511

354 M E T A L W O R K E R , P L U M B E R A N D S T E A M FITTER SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 

Old Metals, New York — Prices generally are a little 

lower this week and business very quiet. Dealers' buying 

prices are as follows: 

Cents 

Copper, heavy and crucible 

per lb. 

15.25 

'Upper, heavy and wire 14.25 



Brass, light 7.00 


Xo. 1 yellow brass turnings 9.00 


Lead. Heavv 7.50 


Zinc 

Old .Metals, Chicago.— All metals are»quiet and tin, 

5.25 

lead and spelter have declined. Dealers' buying prices 

follow: 



Yellow lirass. borings 8.50 






Tea lead 5.00 



Zinc 4.00 

Pewter. Xo. 1 22.50 

Old Rubber.— There is still little movement in old rubber, 

buying covering only immediate needs. Prices in some 

instances are lower. Wholesale dealers' buving quotations 

are: 

Boots and shoes 5-_ to 6 

Trimmed Arctics 4'/, to 4^4 

Auto tires 2"4 

Bicvcle tires 1 to VA. 

Solid tires Iii to 2J_ 

Xo. 1 inner tubes 11 to 12 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4J_ 

Mixed Red scrap l_i to 2 

Mixed black scrap IK* to 2 

Cotton fire hose .4 to 154 

Garden hose 

3 A to 1 

Old Rags.—There is a fairly active tone to the old rags 

market 

are: 

and prices are strong.' Wholesale dealers' prices 

No. 1 whites $10.50 to $11.00 

No. 2 whites 5.50 to 5.75 





Paper Stock.—An active demand is reported in the 

paper stock market and higher prices are expected. Wholesale 

dealers' buying quotations for Xew York are: 





New York, Sept. 10, 1920. 

Black and Galvanized Sheets.—The pig iron that has 

been used in the production of sheets has heen at a higher 

cost than ever before in this country and with the training 

of the workers and the higher wages the strength in the 

price seems likely to continue. Some advances are being 

shown in spite of the desire of the buyer influenced by the 

trend in textiles and other entirely different commodities. 

Productions and deliveries are better and the effect of 

higher freights is exerting an influence for higher prices. 

Tin Plate.— Buyers of bright plate are exacting in their 

demands with some betterment of conditions for supplying 

them. Notwithstanding the high price as compared witli 

former times, roofing plates are receiving an interested attention. 

There are now two kinds of 40-lb. coated plates on 

BURT 

FAN VENTILATORS 

Are especially designed to provide a rapid change of 

air, quickly removing foul air and poisonous fumes. 

This renders them particularly efficient under the 

most difficult conditions such as are common in black 

smith shops, rubber factories, foundries, laundries, etc. 

Burt Fan Ventilators are made in eight sizes, from 30 

to 72 inches. They are fully equipped with ball bear 

ings and operate on 14 to % horsepower. 

Our Engineering Department is 

at the service of those who have 

difficult engineering problems. 



George W. Reed & Co., Montreal, 

Sole Manufacturer of "Burt" Ventilators for Canada

SEPTEMBER 10, 1920 M E TAL WORKER, PI. U M B E R A N D S T E A ..I FIT T E R 

the market, the newer one adhering more closely to Government 

specifications. 

Copper.—The present prices are holding remarkably 

firm and having shown no shrinkage under the conditions of 

several dull months they are expected to show an advance of 

increased activity. Mill orders for either brass or copper 

sheets are delayed in delivery. 

Tin.— Thc fluctuations in the market are discouraging 

purchases except for immediate needs and they have a downward 

tendency. 

Lead.— The lead market is quiet with consumers sliowing 

some interest in the Australian and Mexican metal which 

is offered at Y2c below the market. The metal is selling 

lower in New York than at producing centers and the jobbing 

districts. 

Zinc.—Some buyers are of the opinion that the strength 

of the zinc market has had its run but with a dull market 

price are holding and any activity of buyers is likely to 

be met with continued firmness. 

Antimony.— Tbe demand is good and buyers are likely 

to meet an advance on increased activities. 

Tin Plate, Pittsburgh.—Although some makers have 

noted a slight falling away in new inquiries in the past week 

or so, the more general report is that buyers are as insistent 

for supplies as they have been at any "time recently. Tin 

plate shipments West have been helped by the fact that box 

cars going into the grain belt have been made available for 

loading. This, however, does not help out the position of 

the Eastern makers of containers and they are still striving 

earnestly to get a place on the books of makers. It is 

claimed that no trouble whatever would be experienced by 

makers in obtaining $8.50 per base box for production tin 

plate for last quarter shipment, and that even $9 might be 

obtained. It is noted, however, that the recent inquiry for 

200,000 base boxes for fourth quarter shipment was not 

placed because the buyer would not go above $8. Mill 

stocks are very much lighter than they have been, but an 

makers are several months behind in tbeir quotas. 

Sheets, Pittsburgli.—In general the market does not 

appear to be as strong as it was recently, because the decline 

in the specifications of the automobile industry has 

been progressive, and this has made it possible for a number 

of makers to give more attention to orders for other finishes 

and make better deliveries against such lines. The story 

still is current that 10c or higher has been done on galvanized 

sheets, but when run down it is found that delivery in 

four to six weeks is guaranteed and that only small tonnages 

are involved. In a general way, the prompt market 

in this class of material from independent mills is quotable 

from 9c to .50c. The market in the heavier gage, of blue 

annealed sheets is affected by competition from plate 

makers and black sheets are not running so high in price 

as they did recently because in the case of some companies 

the bulk of the business was in automobile tonnage which 

has been held up. 


Linseed Oil.—The linseed oil is still dull, although improvement 

is anticipated. Prices are lower. In lots of 5 

bill, and over, city raw American seed is quoted at ,$1.25 

and out-of-town raw American seed is quoted at $1.35. In 

lots of less than 5 bbl., 3c more per gallon is asked. Boiled 

oil brings 2c more per gallon than raw oil. 

Spirits of Turpentine.— The tone of tbe spirits of turpentine 

market is weaker and quiet. In machine barrels in 

yard, wholesale price is $1.49 per gallon. 

Rosin.— Demand in the rosin market continues dull and 

prices have declined. On the basis of 280 lb. to the barrel, 

the wholesale price of common-to-good strained is $13.00. 


Iron and Steel Pipe.— Conditions show no material 

change from those of a week ago except for the fact that 

there no longer is much speculative, or what has been known 

in the trade as "boot legging" demand, for oil country pipe. 

.Movement of this class of pipe from Pittsburgn and Youngs- 

Even Water Costs Money These Days 

Watrous Duojet Closets, Using Less 

Water, Have a Powerful Sales Advantage 

Each time a Watrous closet is finished the 

work is thoroughly done on 2 to 3 gallons 

less water than an ordinary closet would 

use. 

In a year's time where there are many 

closets in the Iiuilding the money-saving is 

tremendous. 

The Watrous principle is simple and exclusive. 

'Iwo powerful converging jets insure 

Send for catalog. 

immediate thorough flush with no delay in 

action. No water is wasted in building up 

a siphon. A positive water seal is always 

left in the bowl. Watrous Duojet closets 

have no zig-zag passages to clog. 

The Imperial Brass Mfg. Co 

1223 W. Harrison St. Chicago, HI. 

town mills has benefited materially by the placement of 00 

cars daily for such shipments. The National Tube Co. has 

not materially reduced its accumulated stocks, save possibly 

at its Lorain, Ohio, works, which has benefited by the availabilty 

of cars going to thc lake ports loaded with coal. 

Shipping conditions at the Wheeling works of this company, 

and for that matter at other plants in that district, still are 

bad, and at its McKeesport plant, congestion is so acute 

that it may soon be necessary to again curtail operations. 

Storage space for butt-weld pipe is said to be nearly exhausted. 

Foundry Coke.—'llie market showed some strength 

over the latter part of the week due to a falling away in 

the car placements, which affected production, and also to 

some extent demands occasioned by fears of a decline in 

oven output as a result of the Labor Day holiday. The 

market moved up to a minimum of .$17.50 per net ton, oven, 

for furnace grade, and some business was done as high as 

,$1S. The fears about the effect of the holiday upon oven 

operations, however, appear to have been unfounded, and 

since the car placement to-day was a liberal one, there was 

a flood of offerings which wiped out the advance of the 

latter part of last week. A few sales were reported early 

to-day at $17.50, but later producers and brokers freely 

were "offering tonnages at that figure, and saies were made 

down to $17. Free offering of foundry coke remains comparativelv 

light, and selected fuel is moving fairly promptly 

at the usual premium of $1 per ton above the price of furnace 

grade. Almost nothing is being done in contracts for 

either the last quarter of this year or the first quarter or 

half of next year. The fact that the coal requirements both 

of New England and the Northwest has been pretty welt 

met, and the belief that if there is an extension of the order 

directing coal to these districts after September 21, it will 

be considerably modified encourages expectations of lower 

coal prices, and it is figured that coal cannot drop much 

without affecting the price of coke.

















ALUMINUM- 



100-lb. lots—37 to 39c. 

ANTIMONY— 


9c to 10c 



BISMUTH— 

Per lb $4.00 to $4.50 

CONDUCTORS— 

Corrugated— 




Copper 10% 







Conductor.) 



COPPER— 

Lake ingot 21-21 1 5 in 4.25 4.05 3.00 ROSIN— 


5J. in 4.90 4.50 3.50 Common to good strained (whole private brands very according to 

6 in 5.05 4.75 4.00 sale), 280 lbs., per bbl $13.60 composition. 

7 in 6.50 7.50 SHEETS— 







Plain Round and Corrugated- No. 10, per lb 6.50-8.10 5-lb. cans, each $3,00 

All sizes up to 6 in 50% .40% No. 12, per lb 6.55-8.15 A. S. P. Fluid: 

Square— 

N'o. 14, per lb 6.60-8.20 Gallon $1.25 

Square 

No. 16, per lb 6.70-8.30 12-gal. Carboy 90c per gallon 

Copper- 

No. Black— One Pass. C. R. (Jug and carboy extra) 

All sizes Net List No. 


Furnace Pipe and Fittings- No. 18 to 

per lb 8.90-10.90 

20, per lb 8.80-10.80 gal $1.75 

Standard list..Prices on application No. 22 to 

per lb 8.95-10.95 

24, per lb 8.S5-10.85 SOLDERING COPPERS— 

No. per lb 9.00-11.00 


LEAD— 

No. per lb 9.05-11.05 


American Pig, per lb. ..lie to 11_!C 

No. per lb 9.25-11.25 

per lb. 

Bar, per lb 12c to Ioc 

No. and lighter, 36 wide, 

Wellsville 

In lots of less than 100 lbs., ad 

METAL LATH— 

10c higher 

tin 20 gaug 

vance 4c per lb. 


Polished— 


PAINTS, OILS, ETC.— than 500 

11.60 

2 in. 3 in. 4 in. 5 in. 

Leads— 

id 24 gauge 11.70 

Copper $2.80 $3.75 $5.75 $9.00 dz. 

Lead, American White, in Oil, 26 gauge 11.80 

Galv 80 1.15 1.65 2.75 dz. 

kegs less than 500 lbs., 15J/2c 28 Nos. gauge 12.00 


Lead, White, in Oil, 25-lb. Galvanized— 

No. 


pails; add to keg price 'Ac 

Nos. 

Cents per lb. 


Lead, Red, in Oil, less 

Nos. 12 and 14 9.10-11.10 


lbs., 15c 

No. 16 9.25-11.25 


>_c Dry Colors- 

No. 18 and 20 9.40-11.40 



No. 22 and 24 9.25-11.55 


Casting 19|i-20c 

Per 100 lbs., 2'/, to 5c No. 26 9.70-11.70 

IC, 14x20 $16.50 

COPPER SHEETS 


No. 27 9.85-11.85 

IX, 14 x 20 18.75 

Hot Rolled, 24-oz. base price, per Brown, per ton $32.00 to $36.00 28 10.00-12.00 

IXX, 14 x 20 , 20.50 

lb., 29J_C mill. 

48 in. Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 30 10.50-13.00 

IXXX, 14 x 20 22.25 

From stock 31c to 33c in 100 lb. to lots Oils- 

28 and lighter, 36 in. wide, 

IXXXX, 14 x 20 23.75 

and over. 

96.in. Linseed City Raw $1-25 

20c higher 


For less than 100-lb. lots, 2c per sq. ft. lb. Linseed, Boiled, advance, per Corrugated Roofing—Galvanized— 

IC, 14 x 20 $14.25 

advance. 

7c gal 2c 2J_ in. corrugations, 30 per 100 lbs. 

IX, 14 x 20 16.25 

Colled Rolled, 2c 14 and heavier 6c Out of Town American Seed over flat sheets. 

IXX, 14 x 20 18.00 

per lb. advance over hot rolled. 9c at .1-25 Corrugated Roofing—Painted- 

IXXX, 14x20 19.75 

Polished— 48 Flats, in. 24 oz. Spirits Turpentine— 


IXXXX, 14 x 20 21.50 

per Iong lb 38c In Machine Bbl $149 2H-in. Corrugation 


96. and in. 

PUTTY— 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 


less Over 

Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

80-lb $11.80 

sq. ft 96. in. 

In 1-lb to 5-lb. tins, 6.00 to 7.35c No. 26, per 100 sq. ft. 

90-lb 11.90 

10 in. wide and under 6c sq. ft. 

REGISTERS— 

No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 

100-lb 12.00 

10 in. to 36 in. wide... 5c 6c 

Cast Iron 10% SLATE ROOFING— 

IC 12.25 


Semi-Steel or Steel, in Black for F. O. B. cars, Quarry Station. 

IX 13.25 

Planished, lj_c per sq. ft. more 8c 

25% White Japan or Electro plate and 

Per Square 

IXX 14.25 


.40% Small Faces and Borders ....20% 

According 

IXXX 15.25 

Bottom, Pitts and 

Wall Frames 20% Pennsylvania— to size 

IXXXX 16.25 

base and heavier, 

Large Faced, 14 x 14 in. and Best Bangor $8.00 to $11.00 

Terne Plate- 

Tinning— 

larger 40% No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9.00 

Small lu.s, 8-lb. Coating: 

long 

Base Board Registers 20% Pen Argyl 7.75 to 8.25 

100-lb., 14 x 20 $9.35 

and 

Base Board Intakes 20% Peach Bottom 10.50 to 12.50 

IC. 14 x 20 9.50 

less 

White Enameled Goods 5% No. 1 Chapman 7.75 to 8.75 

IX, 14 x 20 10.50 

sq. ft. 

Solid Brass or Bronze Goods, ex Vermont— 


20 in. wide and under 5c 

cept Grilles Net No. 1 Sea Green $5.00 to $8.50 

squared: 

Over 20 in. to 48 in. wide 6c 

Grilles in Black and White Japan Unfading Green 6.50 to 13.50 



or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain Red 22.00 



Lattice, Design. Smaller than Maine— 


Galvanized—Toncan or ingot, 

14 x 14 in., 



Galvanized steel 

Walter's Prices and on application Cooper's No. 1 Metal Shingles $14.00 



Slaters felt, 30-lb roll 2.00 

M. F. Grade 13.50 


40-lb. roll 2.25 

40-lb: Coating 15.00 to 15.50 

Lap or Slip Joint, The 10% above list. 

$102.00 SOLDER— 



per roll, 108 sq. ft. '.. to .'., guaranteed 38c 

The 

ELBOWS- 

2-Ply Tarred Paper $1.60 No. ! 35c 

Per lb. in 5-lb. bags 22c 

Shingles 

NO. 1 No. 2 No. 3 3-Ply Tarred Paper 2.00 Refined 30c 

ZINC SHEETS— Shingles 

That Last 

Western Slabs 10-llc 

4 in $4.00 $3.90$ 2.75 Rosin Sized Sheathing, 

Sheets That No. 9 base Last casks U'/iC 

Wi in 4.10 3.95 2.85 


The Most Complete Roofing Line Pitch, of Designs per ton $30.00 The Best Material, Workmanship and Finish 

Open Made per in lb Painted Tin or 15c Genuine Be-dipped G alvanized Tin 

Sold at the light price May we send you full-size samples and prices? 


Please quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTE 


JERSEY CITY, N. J.



The Magazine fox 


FI.UKAL PARK, X. Y., SEPT. 17, 1920 

W^wm 



VOLLME 91, Xo. 12 

Price Cutter, Fool or Knave, Not Salesman 

The Special Importance of a Proper Regard for Merchandising 

as the Balance Wheel of Your Business—Nothing Costs So 

Little as Salesmanship or So Increases Profits 

The Sweetness of Low Prices Is Soon Forgotten But 

the Bitterness of Low Quality Is Always Bemembered 

US1NESS is not far different from an 

B ciently when fully loaded with just 

enough overload to'keep up the pace. When 

business is good, affording the opportunity 

of keeping work in front of all employees 

with just enough extra work on hand to 

slightly crowd all hands from the boss 

down, labor efficiency reaches its maximum 

and profits are proportionately greater. If 

this condition prevailed the year round, 

everything would be peaches and cream. 

The hard actual fact is that it does not obtain, except 

in a very few instances, for more than a part of 

each year. Contracts as well as jobbing are to a large 

extent seasonable and between occur the dull periods. 

When the evidences of a shortage of work appear 

on the horizon, there also comes the great temptation 

to which, very, very unfortunately a large portion of 

tlie trade succumb, to take on work at little or no 

profit in order to hold the men for rush seasons. This 

is not only unfortunate but an extremely bad practice 

as it brings on an unhealthy condition in business, 

often resulting in a direct loss on the work, a break 

in the morale of the men, bad feeling among competitors, 

the ill effects of which, in some instances, extend 

over a period of months or years. 

UNDER-BIDDING A SELF-DESTROYING CRIME 

Again there is the practice of under-bidding. By 

that is meant the contractor, in estimating to get the 

work, takes, as you might say, "pot luck'' on the 

chance of breaking a little better than even. This 

is so prevalent as to be one of the most 

serious weaknesses of the trade, and the 

reasons ascribed for so doing are amazing 

or ridiculous, as you choose. The effect 

of this under-bidding is felt by the trade 

in every community at various times and 

in some it prevails year in and year out. 

Apparently there i.s always some shop 

out for a job or, for some imaginary reason, 

think they must have the next job, so 

they rush in blindly to get it at any price. 

The fact that in many cases they face a 

direct loss on the work seems to be as unin .portant to 

them as one more flea to a mangy dog. This attitude 

and practice is so common as to amount to plain stupidity. 

There is no other logical deduction that can 

be drawn. 

The best argument advanced is that it is often necessary 

to resort to price cutting in order to keep the 

men busy. To accept that as justification of the act 

you have to be endowed like the neighbor of a much 

over-worked and financially embarrassed father of a 

debutante daughter. The latter had just returned 

from a normal college qualified as a teacher, but 

consistently occupied with the powder puff and mirror 

wliile "mother dear" did the housework. The neighbor 

in a casual conversation with the father remarked 

tliat although prices bad gone up, the daughter having 

finished her studies would be self-supporting, thus affording 

him some relief. Tlie parent smiled wanly 

and replied: "Heavens, but I wish I was endowed 

with your faith." Therefore, if you wish to justify 

price cutting to kee)) busy, advance any reason and

338 , METAL WORKER, P.I. U M 

create any work. Certainly it did not, but it did keep 

the fellows who indulged in it so busy in trying to 

pull even that their eyes were filled with sweat which 

blinded them to opportunities and kept them in total 

ignorance of their business. 

There are always two roads (even in South Carolina 

they have two, one for negroes and dogs and the 

other for wliite folks), and if you are to travel the 

right road in business, you must know your own 

business. 

Take that same community. The fact that all the 

men were kept busy proves that there was enough 

work in there to keep them busy, does it not? Now, 

instead of cutting prices, we will assume that these 

shops all understand tbe opportunities of the merchandising 

end of their business and push that branch as 

well as the others. That means at least 10 salesmen 

in the field coming in contact with from 10 to 100 customers 

each working day, each salesman alert for an 

opportunity to sell something in his line. Then there 

are a tliousand and one items which will not only net 

him a profit but require a mechanic to install. 

Is there any doubt that those 10 men will sell a lot 

of goods and a lot of service? Does it require a vivid 

imagination to foresee that to the work done in that 

community under the prevalent price cutting could 

have been added all the extra work of installing the 

goods sold in pushing the merchandising end of their 

business? Therefore you can see that if the trade had 

not been stampeded through ignorance of their own 

business into grabbing the jobs that all of this work 

would have been done at a fair profit? Better work 

would result and all concerned be proportionately 

benefited. 

Merchandising, if properly pushed, is the balance 

wheel of your business which will to a great extent 

smooth over the slack periods in the other branches. 

Go through the pages of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER 

AND STEAM FITTER and scan the advertisements for 

articles which will sell in your town. Every issue offers 

opportunities to you. Make it a practice to keep 

this wheel working the year around; it is easy and 

profitable and will help you find 


TO MONEY (N THE BANK 

The Six Best Cellars 

*Bv FORREST CRISSEY 

TVT O; they're not the ones you're thinking of—but 

they're even better examples of preparedness. 

As I see it, the six best cellars in America will be 

the half dozen first to receive their stocks of coal for 

tlie winter of 1920-1921. 

Being among those authors who have never had the 

ER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 

have faith that it is a good one. Do not indulge luck to in commit that crime against lofty literary stan 

facts as they will ridicule it. 

dards known as a Best Seller, I've made up my mind 

ALWAYS WORK FOR ALL WHO HUSTLE 

to achieve something like that distinction if I have to 

take no end of poetic license in any spelling to do so. 

Take for example any community. If price cutting As I see it. the path to that distinction is so plain that 

has prevailed and the men of the various shops have a wayfaring man. though a writer, need not miss it. 

thereby been kept busy, then it is not a perfectly sim And the legend on the guide-post is that old, hackple 

and logical deduction as well as a fact to state that neyed and abused bit of advice: "Buy Early and 

there was work enough in that community to keep all Avoid the Rush." 

the men busy in any case? Cutting prices did not 

NEXT SEASON'S COAL SUPPLY 

Yes; I'm committed to the program of putting in 

mv coal for next season about the time the trees begin 

putting on early spring veils of tender green and the 

robins begin to appear on the lawn instead of in the 

newspapers. 

Why this sudden passion for previousness? 

I'll admit that forehandedness has never been my 

favorite vice. However, I can learn a few things 

from Experience if Fm hit often and hard enough in 

the same place. 

And when it comes to that I don't flatter myself that 

•Fm marvelously different from the general run of 

folks. As Will Payne says: "We're all so much 

alike !" 

Tliere are lots of things that I like to buy and to 

buy them before they're actually needed. But coal 

has never been one of them. And when a strike and 

an empty coal bin compelled a few painful reflections 

on this subject I concluded that my attitude was disgustingly 

common—as common, for example, as good 

intentions or paving bricks. 

When you come to think of it, isn't it a silly custom 

to wait ntuil you need to throw coal on the fire before 

you put it into your bin? Are we as silly and improvident 

about anything else that we know we must 

have? I think not. 

THE VALUE OF PROTECTION 

To my chastened and regenerated view of this subject 

there is just as much reason for buying coal as 

there is for buying life insurance in advance of actual 

consumption. In the first place it comes cheaper that 

way. Besides, you have the benefit of the protection, 

and I'll leave it to any shivering fellow-sufferer from 

the late lamented coal famine whether a knowledge of 

being fully protected against the repetition of that experience 

isn't worth real money. 

How did we happen to get caught in that kind of 

a trap? 

Because we followed the fashion of putting in our 

coal at the same time everybody was doing it and doing 

it at about the same instant. The result was a jam 

that created a tactical situation that any ambitious 

labor leader would have taken advantageous of in his 

sleep. 

The main plea of the striking miner was: "This is 

a seasonal occupation; we must crowd our year's work 

into a few months." And he told the truth too. 

But that plea would lose a lot of pep if every man 

able to do so would put in his coal for next winter in 

the season of summer heat, mosquitoes and outdoors 

swimming. 

'Copyright, 1920, by'The Retail Coalman. ] n c

SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 M E T A I, WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEA.M FITTER 

VIEW OF SHOWROOM OF A MERCHANT MECHANIC WHO HAS BEEN BITTEN BY THE GINGER BUG OF MERCHANDISING 

Path That Leads to Money in the Banl. 

You Should Catch the Merchandising Germ—It Will Not Hurt 

You and Will Be of Great Benefit to You in Your Business 

H O W many furnaces do you sell each year in your 

territory—5 or 500? Don't you want to sell 

more? You can do it by using the many merchandising 

and sales ideas which are at your disposal. 

You wouldn't buy a horse from a photograph; neither 

can you expect your prospective customers to buy 

furnaces from a catalog when some other enterprising 

fellow has them on display so that the buyer can 

see just what he is getting, and with an explanation 

of just what the furnace will do and how. He is the 

man that's getting the business. 

It is up to every furnaceman to wake up, take a 

leaf from his book and sell furnaces, not merely install 

them. Department stores are seeing a profitable 

future in furnaces, and, in many places, are adding 

them to their already extensive lines. 

The furnaceman with his superior knowledge can 

make bigger sales by selling the goods with service, 

and, by co-operation with all the forces in the field, 

can work toward the common end of more sales and 

better heating jobs. 

The manufacturers aim to produce a more efficient 

furnace as a result of the tests being conducted at 

the University of Illinois, and the furnace and sheet 

metal men, through their trade development plan 

presented at the recent Peoria convention, expect to 

make more sales. 

The future for furnaces is very bright, and the most 

3.J9 

efficient heating system possible will result through 

the co-operation of the manufacturer and installer 

along merchandising lines. 

If the furnaceman intends to be the big seller in 

his town, he must follow the department store plan 

and put furnace displays on his floor and in his showwindow 

to attract the prospect, and then by courteous 

attention and proper sales talk secure his interest. 

Begin at the beginning—dust up, scrub up and paint 

up. Make the store attractive—so that people will 

want to come in. Then get a display which has some 

action so that a crowd will collect. Every furnace 

manufacturer is willing to help because it will help 

their sales. 

The dealer's greatest asset, the show-window, is 

being neglected, and to get warm-air furnaces before 

the public every space should be made to work. This 

will help reduce the overhead, and that is what every 

business man wants. 

A suggestive window display which has been arranged 

_o help dealers by the Buck Stove & Range 

Co., St. Louis, Mo., is shown in an accompanying 

cut' It takes about one day to put in, and under test 

it has been the best business-getter that the company 

has developed. It stops people because there is action. 

The ash-pit section on the left having a water 


360 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM EITTER SEPTEMBER 17, l»*u 

The Hazard of the Defective Chimney 

Model Chimney Ordinance Drawn for the National 

Board of Fire Underwriters to Reduce Heavy Fire Losses 

CONSERVATION of fuel and of buildings was 6. Chimneys shall not rest upon or be carried by 

the purpose of the insurance interests in having wooden floors, beams or brackets or be hung from 

its consulting engineer, Ira H. Woolston, draft wooden rafters. Iron brackets or stirrups attached 

an ordinance with diagrams for tbe guidance of au to wooden construction shall not be used to support 

thorities in providing such regulations. Most fires chimneys, In frame buildings chimneys shall alwavs 

are found to be strictly preventable and a properly be built from the ground up, or rest on basement 

constructed chimney is an important factor. Some walls. 

observations are made of a general nature that show 7. Chimneys shall be built upon concrete or ma 

where neglect and other faults lie and where beneficial sonry foundations properly proportioned to carry the 

changes may be made. Some recommendations are weight imposed witiiout danger of settlement or crack 

unnecessary, as the lining of chimneys with tile. ing. Foundations shall be at least 12 in. wider on 

There are too few contractors who realize the dan all sides than the area of the chimney. The foundager 

of supporting chimneys upon brackets or beams tion for an exterior chimney shall start below the 

instead of building them from the ground up, resting frost line. 

on firm foundations. There also exists the bad prac .S. The walls of brick buildings may form part 

tice of building chimneys with bricks on edge, which of a chimney, but the side walls of the chimney shall 

is sure to crack, to reduce the draft and make it pos be securely bonded into the walls of the building. 

sible for sparks to escape. After similar observations Xo wall less than 12 in. thick shall be used to sup 

and suggestions the ordinance is as follows: 

port a corbeled chimney; such corbeling shall not pro 

1. Tlie walls of chimneys used for stoves, ranges, ject more than 6 in. from the face of the wall and in 

fireplaces, heating furnaces, or other heating appli all cases the corbeling shall consist of at least five 

ances, whether the fuel used be wood, coal, oil, or gas, courses of brick. Flues in party walls shall not ex 

Section /, 

shall be built of brick, concrete, stone. tend beyond the center of the walls, and their loca 

or hollow tile of such thickness and tion shall be permanently indicated on the exposed 

Chimney construction as is hereafter specified. side of the wall. 

Construction All chimneys, irrespective of which 9. All mortar used in chimney construction, ex 

materials the walls are built, shall be cept a.s specified for fire-brick in paragraph 13, shall 

lined with fire-clay flue lining or with fire-brick. The be cement mortar proportioned a.s follows: Two bags 

lining shall be made for the purpose and adapted to of Portland cement, 200 lb., and one bag of dry hy 

withstand high temperatures and the resultant gases 

drated lime, 50 lb., thoroughly mixed dry. 

from burning fuel. 

The Proper To this mixture shall be added three 

2. Solid brick or concrete chimney walls shall be Mixture times its volume of clean sharp sand with 

not less than _ in. thick, exclusive of flue linings. A 

sufficient water to produce proper con 

standard size brick laid flatwise shall be deemed to sistency. When dry hydrated lime is not available 

fulfill this requirement for brick. 

1 cu. ft. of completely slacked lime mav be substi 

3. Concrete chimneys cast in place shall be reintuted for 50 lb. of dry hydrate. In case of such subforced 

vertically and horizontally to avoid cracks stitution, the mixing of lime and cement shall be very 

liable to occur from temperature stresses or unequal thorough. Dry hydrate should always be used in 

settlement of foundations. The metal shall be thor preference to putty. 

oughly embedded in the concrete. Concrete blocks 10. Fire-clay flue linings shall be of standard com 

shall be similarly reinforced in both directions. mercial thickness, but not less than % in., and with 

4. Stone chimneys shall be at least i in. thicker out collars. The flue sections shall be set in mortar 

than required for corresponding brick or reinforced of quality above specified and shall have the joints 

concrete chimneys, and shall have flue linings the same struck smooth on the inside. The masonry shall be 

as for brick chimneys. Rubble stone chimney walls built around each section of lining as it is placed, 

shall be not less than 12 in. thick. 

and all spaces between masonry and linings shall be 

5. Hollow tile shall not be used for the walls of filled with mortar. Flue linings shall start at least 

isolated or independent chimneys, but it may be used 12 in. below the bottom of the smoke pipe intakes 

for chimneys built in connection with exterior hollow of flues or from the throats of fireplaces and shall 

tile walls of buildings not exceeding three stories in be carried up continuously the entire height of the 

height, in wliich case the chimney walls shall be not flues, and -1 in. above top cappings to allow for a 

less than 8 in. thick. The outer 8 in. of a building 2-in. wash and a 2-in. projection of lining. The 

wall may serve as one side of the chimney, but the wash or the splay shall be formed of a o-0od rich 

remaining chimney walls shall be constructed of two cement mortar. 

layers of 1 in. tile set with broken joints; or they 11. Flues shall be built as nearly vertical as pos 

may be built of 1 in. of solid brickwork. The side sible, and there shall be but one connection to a flue. 

walls of a chimney shall be securely bonded into the Y\ here flues change direction, the abutting linings at 

wall of the building. No chimney shall be corbeled the angle joints shall be chipped to fit closely, and 

from a hollow tile wall. 

at no point shall the cross section area be reduced

SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 M E TAL WORKER, PL U M B E R A X O S X E. A M E I T T E R 

No broken flue lining shall be used in any case. 

12. Not more than two flues shall be permitted in 

the same chimney space and the joints of any two 

adjoining sets of flue linings shall be offset at least 

7 in. When there are more than two flues in a chimney, 

each third flue shall be separated from the others 

by a withe or division wall of brick or concrete at 

least 4 in. thick and bonded into the side walls. In 

hollow tile chimneys, the withe may be of tile. 

13. When any single flue area within chimney walls 

exceeds 200 sq. in., the walls shall be built not less 

than 8 in. thick and shall have fire-clay flue lining as 

previously specified, but when flues become so large 

as to render it impractical to secure fire-clay flue lining, 

they shall be lined with fire-brick for a distance 

of at least 25 ft. from the point of intake. The firebrick 

shall be laid in fire-clay mortar with joints 

struck smooth. 

11. Chimneys shall be built at least 3 ft. .above flat 

roofs, and 2 ft. above the ridges of peak roofs, and 

shall be properly capped with terra cotta, stone, east 

iron, or other approved material. 

15. Connections between chimneys and roofs shall 

be made with slieet metal counter or cap flashing, copper 

recommended, arranged to overlap roof flashing 

and allow for movement that may occur between chimney 

and roofs. 

16. Any increase in the wall thicknesses of chimneys 

shall be made at least 12 in. below the rafters, 

and not be made above the roofs except for cappings. 

17. When coal, wood or oil is used for fuel the 

minimum area inside of flue lining for furnaces or 

fireplaces shall be 75 sq. in.; for stoves and ranges 

49 sq. in., and for small gas stoves or heaters 10 sq. in. 

18. Smoke pipe intakes to flues shall always enter 

the chimney tlirougli the side and shall be made of 

fire-clay or metal thimbles securely set in the chimney meanor and shall be fined not less than $10 nor more 

wall with mortar. Such openings shall be at least than $ for each offense; and any chimnev or flue 

18 in. below wooden lath and plaster or other com which is built in violation of any requirement of this 

bustible ceilings, or open joists. 

Ordinance shall be immediately demolished or rebuilt. 

19. All flues leading from cellars or basements It shall be the duty of thc Building Inspector or other 

shall have proper cleanout doors below the smoke duly authorized official to enforce this Ordinance. 

intakes. 

10. All ordinances or parts of ordinances in con 

20. After a chimney has been completed, all flues flict with this Ordinance are hereby repealed. 

shall be thoroughly cleaned and left smooth on the 11. This Ordinance shall take effect upon being 

inside. 

approved by the 

1. No wooden beams, joists, or rafters shall be 1. A chimney in any existing building that be 

placed within 2 in. of the outside face of chimneys, comes too hot to hold the hand against comfortably 

whether the same be for smoke, air or 

is dangerous if there is woodwork touch- 

Section II, any other purpose. No woodwork shall Suggestions ing it. Have it carefully inspected by 

Woodwork be placed within 4 in. of the back wall for Old a reliable mason, and apply the protec- 

Around of any fireplace. 

Chimneys tion prescribed by this ordinance as 

Chimneys 2. All spaces between chimneys and 

far as is possible. 

wooden joists or beams shall be filled 2. Where soft coal is used it is often necessary to 

with loose cinders, loose mortar refuse, gypsum block rebuild chimney tops every few years, and all unlined 

or other porous incombustible material. 

chimneys, irrespective of fuel used, are very liable to 

The incombustible material shall be supported by become defective through disintegration of the mor 

slieet metal set into the brickwork and nailed to the tar joints. In order to ascertain if chimneys need 

wooden beams, forming a buckled flexible joint be rebuilding, climb to the top and look inside. An electween, 

or flat metal nailed to the woodwork with the tric torch or a lantern let down on a string is an aid 

inner edge close to the chimney will serve the purpose. in detecting defects. If mortar has begun to fall out 

3. The header joist or beam carrying the tail from between the bricks it will soon do so all the way 

joists of a floor and supporting a trimmer arch in through the wall. Take an ice pick or other sharp 

front of a fireplace, shall be not less than 20 in. implement and try to push it through the mortar; 

from the chimney breast. 

if vou can do so, rebuild at once as follows: 

4. No wooden studding, furring, lathing, or plugging 

shall be placed against any chimney, or in 

(C*nHnued on Page 364) 

361 

the joints thereof. Wooden construction shall either 

be set away from the chimneys or the plastering shall 

be directly on the masonry or on metal lathing or on 

incombustible furring material. Wood furring strips 

placed around chimneys to support base or other trim 

shall be insulated from the masonry by asbestos paper, 

at least l/8-in. thick, and metal wall plugs shall be 

used for nailing. 

5. The walls of fireplaces shall never be less than 

8 in. thick, and if built of stone the minimum thickness 

shall be 12 in. 

6'. All fireplaces and chimney breasts shall have 

trimmer arches or other approved fire-resistive construction 

supporting hearths. The arches and hearths 

shall be at least 20 in. wide measured from the face of 

the chimney breast. The arches shall be of brick, 

stone or terra cotta, not less than 4 in. thick. A 

flat stone or a reinforced concrete slab may be used 

to carry tlie hearth instead of an arch if it be properly 

supported and a suitable fill be provided between 

it and the hearth. The length of trimmer arches and 

hearths shall be not less than 24 in. longer than 

the fireplace opening. Hearths shall be of brick. 

stone, tile, or concrete as may be specified. Wood 

centering under a trimmer arch shall be removed before 

plastering the ceilings beneath. 

7. Xo coal-burning heater shall be placed in a 

fireplace whicli does not conform to the foregoing 

requirements and have an incombustible mantel. 

8. Xo wooden mantel or other woodwork shall 

be placed within 8 in. of side or within 12 in. of 

the top of any open fireplace. No combustible suni 

nier piece or fire-board sliall be used. 

9. Any person or persons, whether owner, builder 

or mechanic, who shall violate any requirement of 

this Ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misde

36 2 Ml'.IAL WORKER, P I. C M B E R 

A X D STE A M FIT T E R SEPTEMBEH 17, 1930 

Theory and Practice of Welding Sheet Metal 

Second Article of a Series Outlining the Methods Used 

in this Comparatively New Branch of Sheet Metal Work 

—Testing Work in Welding Fourteen and Sixteen Gauge Sheets 

I N the first article of this series as it appeared in 

the last issue, 1 explained the basic methods of 

welding sheet metal, conveying the necessity of 

obeying the governing rules in order to master these 

regulations. I will now deal a little more definitely 

with the more exacting requirements of practical welding 

as applied to sheet metal. In other words. I will 

endeavor to take the reader deeper into this subject 

so that he may become more efficient not only in results 

obtained but in speed as well. 

PREPARING SHEETS FOR THE WELD 

Bv __. H. POTTER 

I have previously pointed out tlie necessity of beveling 

the edges of sheet metal over As m - thickness in 

order to secure a satisfactory weld. By so doing it is 

obvious that by removing the corners, so that when the 

two pieces to be welded are placed against each other 

they form a "V" the best results are obtained. Nevertheless, 

the writer has often witnessed an attempt tc 

weld two pieces of slieet metal over ys in. thick without 

regard to this rule. 

The heat from the flame suitable to weld will not 

penetrate and produce perfect fusion beyond a depth 

of 1/g in - While an agle of 45 deg. should be given 

to the edge of the sheet metal, a saving of welding rod 

is obtained when a lesser angle is used. 

When the welder has become expert in his efforts, 

there is no reason why he cannot successfully weld 

pieces cut with a lesser bevel than 45 deg. and he 

should attempt to do so. 

A few words on the need of double beveling of heavy 

sheets, over y2 in. thick might not be amiss here. The 

double "V" reduces the amount of added material, and 

furthermore the weld may be made quicker than if 

only a single "V" is used. In Fig. 1 is illustrated the 

correct beveling of pieces prior to welding. The reader 

will do well to bear in mind these methods and to 

follow them out without exception. 

WELDING ROD AND FLUXES 

The use, or rather the necessity, of using a welding 

rod has also been pointed out. However, the material 

best suited for the welding rod was not discussed in 

the previous chapter. The material added must form 

a link of like strength to the metal welded between the 

two pieces welded. This requires that the added material 

be of such a material that it will not oxidize 

easily. Swedish iron is the best for welding rods, but 

the use of welding rods low in carbon content is satisfactory 

when meld steel sheets are to be welded, as 

no great strength is desired. 

As I am now dealing with the welding of sheet 

metal, I wish to impress this upon the reader as it 

will mean a saving in the cost of welding material. As 

the welder becomes more expert he should endeavor 

to weld by using a welding rod of a higher carbon con 

tent, that is, when the weld is not required to stand 

any great amount of stress and strain. 

The use of a flux is to prevent the formation of 

oxides and eliminate oxides already formed. As applied 

to sheet steel welding, unless the carbon content 

is unusually high, the use of a flux is not necessary. It 

is good practice, liowever, to use a flux whenever the 

need presents itself. TESTING 

The only practical method of testing any weld is by 

pulling it apart. It is tlierefore very important, if 

good work is to be attained, to study carefully the 

rules of welding and to work out trial welds and then 

by testing them determine the quality of same. By 

repeated tests of this kind the welder may learn much 

and can readily determine his progress. He can determine 

whether or not his welds are of the desired 

character, whether or not a perfect union of the metal 

is secured. 

If the weld is perfect only in intermittent places or 

alono- the outer edges only and not soundly welded 

in the center, such defective welds will, upon inspection, 

after testing, convince the welder that his work 

is not what it should be. The welder will at once 

know that he has not applied the principles correctly, 

that he must follow out more exactingly the rules here 

laid down. 

It is most unfortunate that the quality or strength 

of a weld cannot be determined from the outer surface 

of the weld. Welds that appear to be the best are 

very likely to be the poorest. No doubt the beginner 

will find that the poorest looking weld, the rough and 

uneven one. will be the strongest. He should aim for 

union of metal and not appearance at first. Master the 

weld as a perfect joint or union and the ability to secure 

a good appearing weld will follow without much 

difficulty or practice. 

The bending of a weld, witb and against the weld, 

is a more severe test than merely pulling the weld. In 

fact, this is a most excellent test for the beginner to 

impose upon his work, chiefly because it will more 

readily disclose defective welding. Oxidation or brittle 

spots will in this way be readily exposed, and the 

union of the added metal will be readily determined. 

Tensile or pulling tests when made in a testing machine 

will show exactly the stress in pounds that the 

weld is able to withstand. Then by pulling a piece of 

the metal (not welded) the beginner can at once 

determine the efficiency of his weld. 

CORRECT TORCH MOVEMENT 

Realizing that the beginner will experience considerable 

trouble in securing the correct movement of the 

torch, I will explain in more detail, now that he has 

been instructed in the underlying principles of its use, 

tbe handling of the torch. 

The torch must be given a motion across the weld

SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 METAE WORKER, PEC M BER AXD STEAM FITTER 363 

that will distribute the heat evenly to the metal, but 

at the same time the torch must be held at the same 

distance from the weld. A sweeping zig-zag movement 

will impart a greater amount of heat to the margin 

of the weld. This is most desirable and should be 

aimed at by the welder who has already accomplished 

the somewhat fundamental principles of torch manipulations. 

If he will aim to accomplish the movement so that 

the torch is held upon the margin of the weld a greater 

length of time, he will do much to secure a good 

weld. Once again, I will mention the necessity of 

eral instructions laid down previously, which were 

explained in the preceding article. 

WELDING SIXTEEN GAUGE METAL 

1. Fay the plates close togetlier. side by side supported 

on fire bricks. 

2. Take the torch in the right hand, hold the tip 

downward and practice the movement, as heretofore 

described. 

:). Weld one end of tlie sheets together by holding 

the flame close to the plates until the metal fuses. 

1. Play the torch back and forth across the joint 

holding the rod at the correct angle, i. e., in relation to to licit up the plates. 

the torch. Weld from left to right with the torch held 5. Hold thc torch (with the head inclined to the 

at right angles to the weld, inclined at a right angle. right), tlie tip pointing to the left. The torch should 

The welding rod is held in the left hand. The heat stand at an angle of about 45 deg. The tip is held at 

imparted from the molten metal should melt the weld 90 deg. in the plane at right angles to the weld. 

ing rod and not the direct flame from the torch. Care 6. Start at tiie right end and work from right to 

must be taken to hold the torch at right angles to the left. 

weld and not straight above it. 

7. The ti)> of the white portion of the flame should 

be about ^/g in. from the plates. 

HANDLING THE TORCH AND FLAME 

,S. Shorten the movements of the torch across the 

The following rules, although seemingly simple, 

joint until the metal melts and the molten metal runs 

into tiie joint. 

should be observed in detail and practiced until the i). As the molten metal forms in this manner, be 

beginner becomes familiar with them: 

gin to move the torch along to the left, continuing the 

1. Hold the torch in the right hand, tip downward. movement. 

2. Move the torch back and forth, holding the tip 

l/4 in from the work. 

WELDING FOl'RTEEN GAUGE METAL (BCTT WELD) 

3. Open the torch valve slowly, using the left hand. 1. Weld the left end of the plates together, using 

4. Adjust the regulator until the desired working the welding rod. 

pressure is obtained. I will not go into detail on the 2. Work from left to right. 

Fig 1. Preparing various shed for wedding Butt welding 14-gauge metal But* welding 16-gauge metal 

DIAGRAM OF OPERATIONS IN WELDING THIN SHEETS OF METAL 

adjusting of the torch as this depends greatly upon 

the manufacture or type of apparatus used. 

5. Adjust the regulator until the flame is white 

hot next to the tip and blue at its extremities. This 

is a neutral flame and will not carbonize or oxidize 

the metal. 

6. Apply the flame to the metal and melt a puddle. 

The molten metal will lay quiet beneath the flame. It 

is clear and clean. 

7. Study the flame appearances when a neutral 

point is secured and when this is not the case as well. 

The accompany sheets should be carefully studied 

when the beginner is attempting to weld various thickness 

of metal. Do not neglect to follow out the gen- 

,'i. Hold the torch head 45 deg. to the plates, in line 

with the joint, and at 90 deg. in the other plane. 

4. Hold the welding rod at an opposite angle of 45 

deg. to the metal. 

5. Hold the welding rod close to the metal; the end 

must touch the molten metal. 

6. Begin the movement across the joint, moving the 

welding rod back and forth at the same time. 

7. The welding rod must be melted by the molten 

metal, not by the torch flame. 

8. Add enouwh welding rod to make the weld a little 

thicker than the metal. 

!). Continue until the left end of the weld is 

reached.

361 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM FIT T E R SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 

Advancement/or Furnace Industry Welf 

An Up-To-Date Plan for Aiding Buyers to Decide 

Dealers and Salesmen Can Unite to Increase Sales 

' . \ XY prospect for the sale of a warm- 

J\^ air furnace ean be interested and aidr- 

, ,-£$* ed in reaching a decision to buy when 

J 1l____^ W^__««ii s ' lown a l°f °f pictures of furnaces 

^jjpfelk-, r v Xs|i setting in the cellars of well-heated 

.j^BfiBBtXv'^BMal houses. Pictures of houses are seen 

H»"-^nr£- i ^B^^ ni manj booklets for paints, carpets 

JpSLllkkXsijYf, and everything under the sun and 

IJMIfc»i..i____r~J" r r they loose their value for the purpose 

H^SffiP'Byj^ "' increasing furnace sales. 

ffli^y^^^^^^ftj Pictures of furnaces used in tliose 

•^ ^'"t>?v-?-X~~'~ \ houses, however, have a very posi 

tive value a.s they show fhat the 

dealer or salesman is endeavoring to sell and nothing 

else. The picture of the furnace and of the house in 

which it is used presented together on the same card 

or page, liowever, are good, as they show the lieater 

selected for a fine house or they show that the owner 

of a fine home has selected the same kind of a heater 

that is being brought to a customer's attention. 

These cellar pictures will show how the furnace is 

kept, whether it is covered with dust and has ashes 

all about it or whether it is neat and clean as it ought 

to be kept so that no dust can find its way upstairs. 

The picture will also show by the workmanship 

whether the job was done too cheap so it had to be 

rushed at the expense of good workmanship and its 

effect on service. They will show whether the dealer 

is a competent workman or employs them. 

Such pictures can have a far-reaching effect for 

good by making the dealer more careful. They will 

enable him to see the condition in whieh his customers 

keep their heating outfit so he can make suggestions 

to insure proper service with economy. They give 

him a chance to sell a humidifier or a draft and temperature 

regulator. This means furnace users will 

get better satisfaction and recommend the kind of 

heating outfits they are using. That is all beneficial 

to the industry and worth giving some thought, time 

and energy to create and then keep going. 

To get. pictures has been the desire of many who 

sell furnaees and they have tried to get their salesmen 

to collect them. Recently one house has sent to its 

salesmen the following letter: 

JOHN SMITH, 

Salesman, Central Western Territory. 

Bv F. L. 

Dear John: 

Would vou help your house to sell more furnaces? If one 

of your customers had photographs of the homes in which 

he had done a good job, giving fine service would it help? 

But pictures of houses are used for many purposes and 

vou are selling furnaces. 

Would it help if you had pictures in the basement of 

those houses showing not only the furnaces but the good 

workmanship clone in making the air supply connections 

and the warm-air piping and connections to registers and 

risers? 

It is a simple matter to set a Kodak and burn 2 or 3 

flash sheets at different points behind it to get the picture. 

Then, when a customer was deliberating could a right 

decision be aided if he was shown a lot of such pictures 

to make it clear that the furnaceman knew his business and 

a lot of people had found it out? 

We want to sell moj-e furnaces. We know these pictures 

would be a great help. We have said so before but the 

pictures have not as yet been produced. We patiently 

waited while the war was on. It is over now, how about 

getting those pictures? We will want them. The longer 

the furnace had been in service without repairs the better. 

Write us your plans for getting those pictures. We are 

eager to get them and the story that naturally goes with 

them. Make your plans for this important duty and write 

us about them. It may take some tiijie to carry out your 

plans but if they are carried out we will be much gratified. 

It is your move and we await the outcome. 


In these days of snapshot cameras any salesman 

can do the trick out-of-doors and it is almost as simple 

in the cellar. It is necessarv to set the camera at the 

right place in the cellar and fasten 2 or 3 flash sheets 

to an old board or spread about a teaspoonful of 

flash powder along the board. Then he is ready to 

push the button on the camera, light the flash, push 

the button again and all is ready for the "we do the 

rest" man. No extraordinary hard work. Just a 

pleasant trade-building job which any salesman can 

do to help his customer, help himself, help his house 

and help the whole industry. 

The furnace interests are flourishing now and it 

need never languish if just such plans as here outlined 

are carried out. 

The Hazard of the Defective Chimney 


Tear the chimney down to a point at least 18 in. below 

the roof, get fire-clay flue lining of the same size as the 

inside measurement of the chimney, set it in the top of 

the flue and build up with good brick and Portland cement 

mortar. This will make a solid chimney through the roof 

where there is greatest danger and is the best that can be 

clone unless the flue portion of the chimney is completely 

torn down and rebuilt. Preserve a clear space or at least 

1 in. between the woodwork of the roof and the chimney 

wall, and connect the chimney with the roof by metal flashings. 

Build the chimney at least two feet above the peak 

of the roof. 

Mr. Woolson has also prepared a booklet covering 

the general methods of safeguarding residences from 

fire, entitled "Dwelling Houses," copies of which may 

be secured from the National Board's Committee on 

Construction of buildings, 76 William Street, New 

York City. 

THE MILWAUKEE CHAPLET CO., Milwaukee, Wis., 

has been incorporated with a capital stock of $12,000 

to manufacture chaplets and other foundry specialties. 

In addition to Paul F. Rice, the incorporators include 

Alfred M. Jones, president, and Orra L. Hollister, 

vice-president Foundrymen's Supply Co., 302-308 Detroit 

Street, Milwaukee.

SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 M E T A L WORKER, P L U M B E R A X D S T E A M FITTER 365 

Technical School Training for Heating 

Men 

Information on Development of this Character of 

Education and Its Value to the Heating Profession 

BY J. D. HoFFMANt 

S O M E facts and a few figures are offered for your 

consideration on technical education and its direct 

contact with that part of the commercial and manufacturing 

field which is of vital interest to the heating 

engineer. Having been intimately associated with 

technical school work for so many years it never occurred 

to me that there were those who were not thoroughly 

conversant with the work and would welcome a 

few words on the subject. 

ORKilN AND IMPORTANCE 

Technical schools have bad but a brief existence, 

.about 50 years, but iu that time they have had a marvelous 

growth and have come to be a supremely im- 

Beginning with the Michigan Agricultural College, 

the first to take up the benefits of the Morrill Act, 

the year the bill was passed, these schools have increased 

in numbers until within a period of a little 

more than half a century there is a well-established 

technical school in nearly every state and territory in 

the Union, with a few states supporting two. Beginning 

also with the emjihasis upon hand craft as specifically 

mentioned in the bill, tbe courses have enlarged 

in scope until they now include all the fundamental 

theoretical courses common to all the various lines of 

engineering and a multitude of specializations that .'iim 

to develop men in an intensive way for almost any 

given line of work. 

VALUE OF SCHOOL TO TEACH ENGINEERING; 

The establishment of tliese schools marks an epoch 

in the science of engineering in this country. Previous 

to this time the design of any piece of machinery or 

structure was largely a matter of chance. Skilled 

workmen were trained under the old apprenticeship 

system through years of service to construct and in a 

limited sense to theoretically design a product. But 

the engineering of the job from the standpoint of the 

application of well-understood physical laws as we 

now understand them was absent. It is my opinion 

that the technical school should receive the major share 

of credit for this sudden development. If any proof 

of this statement is necessary we have but to review 

the events of the last - years to see that the wonderful 

things actually accomplished were possible only 

JAJIES D. HOFFMAN 

through engineering in its most scientific and refined 

state. This was a conflict in which engineers matched 

wits with engineers the world over, resulting in the 

supremacy of the trained analytical mind capable of 

independent thought and action. In addition to the 

professional strength of their graduates the schools 

gave as leaders in the cause much of their present 

portant factor in the field of engineering sciences. strength in faculty and students. 

Senator Morrill, who in the year 1862 introduced a 

bill in Congress to endow government schools whose 

duties, among other things, shall be to teach agriculture 

and the mechanics arts, probably buiided better 

THE AIM OF TECHNICAL TRAINING 

I just made the statement that the importance now 

given to engineering as a world influence should be 

than he knew. His idea at that time of the field such a chiefly credited to the technical school. This should 

school should fill was probably more along the lines not be interpreted to mean that all the men who have 

of the trades and the vocational than exists at the been doing big things in the engineering field have 

present time, but the evolution from the purely prac been technical school men. I mean that the technical 

tical into the highly theoretical was so swift and so school for the past 30 years has been the stimulating 

spontaneous as to be almost startling. The industrial factor in this country toward engineering development. 

and commercial world was waiting for just this transi The world produces many geniuses who do startling 

tion and Mr. Morrill was the first to catch the inspira things in their own initiative. These men set the pace 

tion and to act upon it. 

for others to follow and their works show clearly the 

'Paper read before Convention of National District 

Heating Association. Chicago, May 26. 

fProfessor Mechanical Engineering, Purdee University, 

Lafayette, Ind. 

need of educational institutions to disseminate their 

ideas. On the other hand the experiences of the last 

5 years have shown that the motive force of the world

366 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM F I T T E R SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 

is not the genius—although many of these have received 

their inspiration within the university atmosphere—but 

rather the large number of honest, conscientious 

men who have been taught to do their own 

thinking and are able to meet emergencies where they 

exist. That has been, is now and always will have to 

be, the chief aim of the technical school. 

Four or 5 years gives just enough time to acquire 

the fundamentals and the ability to apply these rationally 

to concrete cases. The technical university, therefore, 

does not claim to turn out finished engineers. 

Its aim is to give a man a general knowledge of his 

subject and a working knowledge of his own mind. 

THE GROWTH OF THE DEMAND 

Looking back over the last _0 years—this is the 

period of real development—the growth of the technical 

school has been quite as you would have expected 

it. Civil engineering, the already existing science, 

was the first to establish courses. Mechanical engineering 

came second, electrical engineering third and 

then architectural, chemical, mining and a number of 

specialized engineering lines in various orders as required 

by the section of the country in which the school 

was located. 

In most of these schools engineering proper has 

finally developed into four fundamental lines—called 

variously schools, departments and divisions—namely, 

civil, mechanical, electrical and chemical engineering, 

having the fundamental courses of the first and second 

years common to all, with tbe specializations in the last 

2 years. 

In addition to the 4-year courses usually given in 

most schools, a few are offering a fifth and sixth year 

to allow a broader academic training without sacrificing 

engineering essentials. Some are establishing fellowships 

wherein part-time research work may be carried 

on after graduation. 

Such work can only be done by men having special 

native qualifications and preparation. Many of the engineering 

schools are now establishing engineering experiment 

stations in which the more complex investigations 

may be carried on under the direction of trained 

specialists. Results from these investigations are usually 

printed in pamphlet form as monographs and 

distributed without charge. 

THE NEEDS OF THE COMMERCIAL FIELD 

Anv workman is a better workman for having an 

intelligent knowledge of his subject. Any man who 

can select the proper sized twist drill mav be able to 

drill a hole in a casting, but the man who knows how 

to properly sharpen his drill may be able to double 

the output. The man who knows the fundamental laws 

governing the action of steam and water in pipes can 

run a better line of mains, and so it is in every line of 

work. The trained mind gives tlie workman the ability 

to be more or less independent of his environment. 

This is especially true in the lieating and ventilating 

business. If the heating of our homes and places of 

business could be reduced to an absolute formula so 

that all we had to do was to apply that formula, then 

a workman could be trained to duplicate one job after 

another with increasing accuracy. But unfortunately 

this is not the case. Every job of lieating is different 

from all other jobs in almost every respect. 

Standardization is not possible. 

Two houses equal in size have the same arrangement 

and floor plans. In corresponding rooms one is found 

to have casement windows while the other has closely 

fitted sliding windows. One is floored in the attic; the 

other is not. In one the workmanship is No. 1 ; the 

otheT is just thrown together. A house on paper is 

one tiling; the realization of this house on its foundation 

is another thing entirely. 

The same is true of the actual installation of the 

pipes and fittings. One riser requires an offset, a 

main interferes with a beam, a difficult radiator connection 

has to be made, and almost innumerable other 

difficulties arise, all of which demand good judgment 

based upon a thorough knowledge of the subject. 

It is probablv true that the heating profession calls 

for the exercise of more good gray matter and real 

common sense than almost any other line of engineering. 

The universities have realized this fact for some time 

and many of them have offered courses in the subject. 

These courses, naturally, are restricted to a minimum 

of time and vary in scope according to the vision of 

the field held by the professor in charge. But they 

deal with the applications of the fundamental laws 

of physics and thermodynamics to actual practice. 

THEOROTICAL AND PRACTICAL MUST BE BALANCED 

The courses in many schools have been largely theoretical 

because of the lack of time and facilities for 

practical work. This, in a sense, tends to develop a 

one-sided man, but in schools this is a commendable 

development. It would be well if a large amount of 

actual practical experience could be had at the same 

time, but in most cases this is not possible. On the 

other hand the tendency of the trade is away from the 

theoretical and toward the empirical. As a result, the 

average is good. This is as you may expect it to be. 

By the natural laws of mind development the young 

man is able to cultivate deeply analytical mental processes 

that would be wholly impossible to the average 

mature mind. For this reason, togetlier with the fact 

that the professional and business man usually takes 

the empirical or short-cut method in doing his daily 

tasks, there should be great stress laid upon the cultivation 

of analytical methods while in school. 

Many times problems are given to the student to 

solve by exhaustive processes, when other and shorter 

methods are available, not so much for the final result 

as to serve as mental gymnastics and cultivate the 

ability to think for himself. 

I am aware of the fact that the schools are severely 

criticized at times because their graduates lack that 

practical touch so necessary to the practising engineer. 

Some schools are meeting this situation by permitting 

a greater degree of specialization. For example, those 

intending to follow heating and ventilating work will 

be given a greater amount of drawing-room time for 

the designs, and laboratory and commercial tests to 

check their theoretical studies. Necessarily, such an 

arrangement produces a higher degree of efficiency in 

the one line at the expense of other subjects which 

might be taken. 

This is a big question which is yet unsolved by educators, 

namely, which man is any firm's best asset 

the one thoroughly grounded in the fundamentals with 

a fair amount of specialization, or the one only fairly 

well grounded in the fundamentals with much specialization. 

Personally. I am firmly convinced that the?

SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 M E T A I. WORKER, P L V M B E R A X D S T E A M 1 I T T E R 367 

former is the better plan. The highly specialized man 

would get into the thick of things more quickly and 

for a few years would lead the race, but observations 

show that the conditions soon reverse. 

FUNDAMENTALS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING 

You may be interested to know what fundamentals 

may be considered a requisite for a good course for 

an embryonic heating and ventilating engineer. The 

first I would suggest relates to his development as a 

man among men. He should have a good command of 

the English language and should be able to write and 

discuss any subject in a logical and persuasive way. 

This is usually slighted by the young engineer as applying 

to the other fellow but not especially to him. 

One of our greatest problems in teaching these men 

is to convince them that to rise to the top in their 

chosen profession they must pay attention to rhetoric, 

English composition and oral discussion. Many of our 

graduates in all lines of work have testified to their 

lack of this one essential in tlieir early training. 

Second, they must be fundamentally grounded in 

theoretical and applied mathematics. This is a tool 

whicli will carve any figure to science, if the owner 

knows how to use it. Third, they should know physics 

or the study of the laws of matter; fourth, thermodynamics 

or the laws of heat energy, and fifth, the application 

and development of these fundamental laws into 

constructive practical problems. The last is the trade 

specialization and in this case is called heating and 

ventilation. 

The courses preceding and leading up to this subject 

need not necessarily be specialized in favor of heating 

and ventilating problems. In fact, it will tend toward 

more independence of thought if this is not done. Any 

physical law in any subject to be well understood and 

to be of the greatest value to any man must be presented 

in applications as varied as possible to acquaint 

the student with its possibilities. 

The subject of lieating and ventilation is a specialization, 

although in itself it is sufficiently broad to satisfy 

the most exacting. For example, in the study of 

ventilation, questions of air conditioning in its relation 

to health, involving a knowledge of physiology and hygiene, 

present lines of thought that cannot be satisfactorily 

analyzed by any of the fundamental courses 

mentioned. 

Here are questions that call for research work of a 

special character and different from that previously 

attempted by the profession. Unfortunately what we 

don't know about this phase of the subject at this time 

would fill many volumes. Suffice it to say that our 

treatment of these topics should be sane, logical and 

without hysteria or radicalism. Also in the stud}' of 

chimneys and furnace and fan-coil heating there are 

problems in air warming and air movement by convection 

and power devices that are as complex as we wish 

to make them. Also in hot water and steam isolated 

and district plants there are problems in heat generation 

and transmission that call for the most thorough 

theoretical training in physics and thermodynamics. 

And so on the list might be extended almost indefinitely. 

Until a few years ago heating problems were satisfactorily 

solved, when they were developed along the 

lines of the best average practice without regard to 

whether the best average practice could be improved 

or not. Heating engineers' conventions had few analytical 

presentations, probably because tlieir value was 

not fully appreciated. Now they have so much valuable 

literature on the subject that it is found worth 

while to issue society journals to circulate the facts 

to the members. 

The sections of the technical press devoted to heating 

were largely descriptive in character, now wc have 

periodicals wholly devoted to the subject and filled 

with the most up-to-the-minute analytical presentations. 

In a short time the conditions have wholly 

changed. We are now looking for rational analyses, 

not for a few, but for practically all of our problems. 

Where a few years ago the heating profession was 

purely a business proposition, it is now fast becoming 

a science. It is coming into its own and the technical 

school has had no little share in bringing this change 

about. 

WHAT THE SCHOOLS ARE DOING FOR HEATING 

I'or my own satisfaction and for your information I 

am endeavoring to summarize the courses in heating 

and ventilation in the various technical schools of the 

country and give you an idea of what is being done. 

Questionnaires were sent to 57 institutions. Replies 

have been received from 75 per cent of these. Of the 

•13 replies received, 34 report courses in heating and 

ventilating and 9 report no courses. Of the 11 schools 

from whom no replies were received I have reason to 

believe that 6 have courses. Of the 34 courses reported 

6 are elective and 28 are required. Of the 31 schools 

the hours allowed for any one school are: 

Maximum—Recitation and lecture, 72; laboratory 

and drawing, 107; and outside work, some. This does 

not include one school which we will call A, which 

gives options in each of the four years totaling respectively 

144, 324 and 312 hr. 

Minimum—Recitation and lecture, 9; laboratory and 

drawing, 0; and outside work, 0. 

Average for Schools—Recitation and lecture (34 

schools, including School A), 36 hr.; laboratory and 

drawing (25 schools, including School A), 51 hr.; outside 

work (10 schools, including School A), 81 hr. 

Courses Including—Ventilation, 30; furnace heating, 

31; hot water and steam, 33; fan-coil heating, 

30; central station lieating, 25; electric heating, 13. 

It is interesting to note in this connection that central 

station lieating, one of the more recent systems 

to be developed and one of the most localized in character, 

is represented in 74 per cent of the courses 

reported. 

The field of lieating and ventilation with all its present 

cultivation is as yet but superficially touched by 

experimental research. For a number of years engineers 

have been developing more consistent and workable 

theories, but these theories were more or less 

speculative without actual experimental data to check 

them. In the general progress of the art the time has 

come to confirm or change our theories and in response 

to this appeal the research laboratories of the country 

are being offered and their energies co-ordinated so 

as to reach all parts of the field. 

I feel called upon to express my gratification at the 

spirit of co-operation existing among all forces available. 

All seem determined that the greatest amount 

of public satisfaction and good may be obtained from 


368 METAL WORKER, PL EMBER AXD STEAM F I T T E R SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 

A Milestone in Evolution of the Closet 

Explanation of the New Fixture - How It Is Injected 

into System under Pressure and Why It Will Make 

Drainage System More Sanitary 

Bv B. F. HENRY 

AGOODLY number of years ago I was employed 

in the Greenpoint section of Brooklyn. Among 

the men employed in the same office was an undersized 

wooden nutmeg by the name of Bill Tanner, who 

for everything good or bad that came his way had a 

pat saying. Tanner had gotten the idea into his head 

that he was worth more than anyone else about the 

place and finally mustered up courage to tell the management 

about it. The first of the following month he 

was notified that his services were no longer required. 

His remark at this was: "I thought I was worth a 

ten dollar bill and now I find I am only a way Bill." 

About a month or so later, happening to meet Tanner, 

I started to condole with him at his misfortune in 

loosing the position and was met with this retort: 

"Don't you worry, I've got something better. You 

know a good swift kick is sometimes a blessing in disguise 

!" 

During the past few months and also at the National 

Convention of Master Plumbers at Pittsburgh 

we all have heard the lamentations of many of our 

good and sincere plumber friends regarding tbe heinous 

wrong committed by the manufacturers of earthenware, 

aided and abetted by the standardization committee, 

in foisting upon an unsuspecting public and 

upon the plumbing craft the so-called short-horn closet. 

I must confess that at first I also thought it a highhanded 

proceeding and felt that to stop making the 

long spigot outlet was an injustice to the users. It 

did seem that it would have been more sensible to make 

both types, and, if the short-horn proved the better. 

the demand for it would in a few years prove so insistent 

as to eliminate the long-horn type. I also 

believed that the long outlet type should not be withdrawn 

from the market so long as there was a demand 

for same for replacement purpo.ses. 

A BLESSING IN DISGUISE 

However, after hearing the many arguments offered 

against the short-horn and thinking them over openmindedly, 

I cannot help but think with Bill Tanner 

that "a good swift kick is sometimes a blessing in disguise." 

For aside from thc request for the retention 

of the long-horn for replacement purposes, the entire 

burden of the opposition simply boils down to tbe 

contention that it will require more care to set the 

short-horn so defects will not show. That, with the 

long-horn outlet the work of setting a closet can be 

done in a more careless and slip-shod manner without 

the defective setting becoming apparent through leaks 

or consequent property damage. 

I can remember very vividly in the early eighties 

when closet venting was almost universally done from 

a vent horn above the floor. These vent horns and 

rubber ell vent connections became a plague in the life 

of the plumber, due to tbeir many bad qualities, which 

it is unnecessary to mention here. There arose then a 

persistent clamor to do away with the vent connection 

altogether as it was a source of leaks and no good. 

The vent connection to closet, liowever, was not 

done away with, the method of applying it was simply 

changed to conform with good plumbing practice. That 

is. vents to closets are now almost universally applied 

in such a manner and in such a position that they must 

be and remain tight. 

How we did—and some of us still do—scour around 

to find a horn vent closet that we could use on replacements—right 

side horns, left side horns, high 

horns and low horns. Every time there was a replacement 

job, though you might have six closets in stock, 

you had not one that would fit. 

ONE WEAKNESS ELIMINATED 

In a few short years the vented closet disappeared 

from the market. W r e all managed to make the necessary 

vent clianges in replacing and now the closet 

vented from the earthenware i.s among the antiquities. 

Thus was one of the weak points in our plumbing systems 

eliminated. 

Just so will it happen with the long outlet putty 

joint closet. The time has come that it should disappear. 

It is, and has admittedly been, a very weak 

spot in our plumbing installations. 

When very carefully made and under propitious circumstances, 

we all have found some closets set in putty 

whicli after years of service were well-nigh perfect. 

That much may be granted. But. in the great majority 

of 4'ases, a putty setting or a gasket setting on a 

long-horn outlet closet is not tight when made and even 

if tight when made does not remain so. That much 

even its most ardent defenders must admit. It allows 

of slip-shod setting, the defects of which are not always 

immediately apparent and even where properly 

set it is subject to deleterious influences through rough 

usages, shrinking and settling of buildings and many 

other influences beyond our control. 

The shorthorn outlet closet must be set right and 

tight in tbe beginning for unless properly set, the defeet 

becomes immediately apparent. Once properly 

set it resists to a greater extent the untoward influences 

which injure the long-horn setting. 

It is not impossible to set the short horn in putty, 

grafting wax or with plain gasket in replacements 

and not good practice to do it. Much greater care 

must be exercised so that the connection be gas and 

water-tight at the time of setting. This in itself is 

a mighty good thing. 

It does seem harsh to be met by the manufacturers 

of closets with the arbitrary dictum that "we will 

make no more long-horn outlet closets." But on the 


SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 M E T A L WORKER, PLUMBER AXD S T E A M FITTER 369 

The Value of the Trade Press 

to the Sanitary Engineer 

Beneficial Results to be Derived from Closest 

Co-operation between Trade Press and Engineer 

Bv H. A. CALL. 

EBSTER says, "An engineer is one skilled in 

the art and science of utilizing the mechanical 

properties of matter in structures and machines." 

A sanitary engineer is one skilled in the art 

and science of utilizing the mechanical, physical and 

chemical properties of matter in the science of hygiene. 

Psychology tells u.s that engineers are a distinct 

type of the human family. A.s a class they have 

a common attitude, distinguishing traits, and their 

minds function along well-defined channels. 

Engineers are the pioneers of the human family. 

They are not interested in "fancies." They want and 

must have "basic facts." Being thus constituted, they 

constantly wrestle with nature and the elements to unearth 

the "cause," and to provide an agent that, acting 

with the cause, will effect results useful to mankind. 

Their efforts are seldom directed along selfish 

or individual lines. Their sphere of action must be 

wide and high. They strive for achievement that will 

benefit the mass of humanity. Their greatest recompense 

is the satisfaction and inspiration consequent 

to achievement. Those are the outstanding characteristics 

of the engineer, the type of man that we are to 

consider in relation to what he can or does get from 

his trade paper. 

THE DISSEM1NATER OF KNOWLEDGE 

The first and greatest value of the trade paper is 

its potent power to disseminate knowledge. Oftentimes 

the engineer finds himself with a perfected improvement 

or method of immense value to his fellow 

man. but is confronted with the fact that people at 

large, the dealer and the consumer, have no knowledge 

of that improvement or method. The trade paper is 

the medium that blazes the trail for him. It disseminates 

the message of his work among those in closest 

touch witli the needs of the mass of people. It does it 

economically and thoroughly. 

Because the trade paper carries with it a certain 

dignity, it goes to the highest class dealers. They pay 

for it. It has an educational value; therefore, it interests 

them. They read it. Thus is the adoption of 

the engineer's achievement facilitated, encouraging 

him to further effort and affording him ever-increasing 

satisfaction, as the use and benefits of his efforts 

become more universally enjoyed by mankind. 

Again, the trade paper enables the engineer to keep 

his finger on the pulse of industry. Through its columns 

he learns of new materials and appliances afforded 

by the market. By it he is kept in constant 

touch with the work of his fellows. Oftentimes an 

article, question or advertisement in his trade paper 

furnishes him with just the idea which he needs to 

'Paper presented to American Society of Sanitary Engineering, 

September 7, 8 and 9 

+ Associate editor METAI. WOKKER PLUMBER AND STEAM 

FITTER. 

apply in solving some vexing problem. Often it suggests 

some needed improvement that spurs him to future 

accomplishment. 

Further, the trade paper is largely responsible for 

the continued and rapid progress accomplished in sanitary 

design, construction, methods, appliances and materials. 

Its wide association and contact has enabled 

it to recognize and interpret the trend of events as affecting 

the industry—to point out weaknesses, to stimulate 

and inspire progressive effort, to discourage 

practices that would react to the detriment of the industry 

and those connected therewith. 

The psychological influence of the trade press extends 

throughout the industry. None are immune from 

it. It constantlv exerts its inherent power on the side 

of right, justice and progress, ever holding foremost 

that it is the duty of every man to make the most and 

best of himself. Recognizing that all are of one family, 

none created independent, therefore each in need 

of the help of others. The trade press has gone forward 

disseminating useful knowledge calculated to improve 

the welfare of all connected with the industry, 

inspire them to further achievement, uplift their selfrespect, 

and add dignity to the profession. 

From this it will be seen that the value of the trade 

paper to the sanitary engineer is in exact and direct 

proportion to his understanding of it, its use and its 

possibilities. Further, the greatest benefits will accrue 

to the sanitary engineer and to the mass of humanity 

through the widest expression of ideas in the 

columns of the trade press. The greatest good for all 

depends on the closest co-operation between the trade 

press and the engineer. Finally, each has its mission, 

deserves and should have whole-hearted support of the 

other in every laudable undertaking, as each is striving 

to add to the convenience, comforts, safety and 

happiness of mankind in a common field of effort. 

Path That Leads to Money in the Bank 


spray in operation all the time, and the central section 

with shredded red paper blown by a fan, gives 

a most realistic fire effect. Various signs explain 

the features of construction and arrows point to them. 

The size of this display can be made to conform 

to local requirements, and the tradesman can use 

whatever signs he wants to have made. The company 

has tried it out and dealers report its powers 

of attracting attention have been phenomenal. 

Window display is a very effective way of presenting 

warm-air furnaces to the public, and when 

combined witli newspaper advertising, an intensive 

campaign can be conducted which will bring beneficial 

and profitable results to all furnacemen.

370 METAI. WORKER. PLUMBER AXD STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 17, 19_0 

The Effect of Standardization on the 

Small Plinnber 

Another Opinion on the Eventual Result 

of the Work of the Committee of the 

National Association 

There is a certainty that every interest of the plumb 

ing and heating trades will be conserved by the Na 

tional Standardization Committee whatever may be 

recommended by it on any product used in the heating 

and iilumbing trades. The conimittee members realize 

We will undertake to make just exactly what the 

plumber in the small town wants, and arrange to supply 

him through jobbers in that territory when wanted. 

We also expect to make just the line of goods that the 

plumber in the large citv wants, and supply him in the 

same way. 

It is going to be our motto to give the trade just 

what they want when they want it. 

What I have seen of the work of the Standardization 

Committee in other lines, brass goods, and things 

of that kind, it does not seem to me that it is proposing 

any very radical changes, and none which would seriously 

affect the business of the plumber in the small 

town. 

Technical School Training for 

Heating Men 

the magnitude and importance of its work. They were 

selected because of their breadth and splendid qualifications. 


tiie least expenditure of national resources. In this 

work the universities have done good service and are 

An evidence of the spirit is shown in the following now planning closer co-operative effort that there may 

letter in answer to the points raised by a "Suburban be the broadest scope to the work with the least amount 

Plumber" in the issue of September 10. which was of duplication. 

brought to the attention of William M. Byrd, Jr., 

Hammond-Byrd Co., Chicago, 111.: 

So far we have been thinking of the lieating profession 

as a whole. But what of that part of the field 

represented by this organization ? Judging from the 

returns to my questionnaire it is very evident that the 

schools believe in the kind of work you are doing. 

I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter of August 

11 attaching copy of letter from a plumber in a 

small town of 10,000 inhabitants. I note with a great 

deal of interest his remark with reference to the probable 

action of the Standardization Committee. 

Since this is the most recently developed system and 

the one that is the least generally established over the 

country, it is a very significant fact that 25 out of 34 

courses contain more or less instruction in this line. 

District lieating along with all other public service cor 

« SOIL PIPE SITUATION 

porations has been up against serious conditions the 

last few years. The shortage of fuel and supplies, and 

I am especially interested in what he has to say the uncertain labor market have not only curtailed but 

with reference to the soil pipe situation. 

in many cases actually put out of business industries 

I have explained to the Standardization Committee that should have been maintained. 

on several occasions that there is not a great deal they This is an unfortunate state of affairs, but we con 

can do for us on soil pipe situation. About the only fidently believe that with the gradual settlement of our 

change that the manufacturers of soil pipe that inter flood of economic difficulties following the war, district 

ests use especially could make—our clients operate heating problems will also be solved satisfactorily. 

eleven soil pipe foundries—would be to cut out 2- Some of these problems are administrative and the 

in. soil pipe fittings altogether; then 8, 10 and 12-in. schools can serve only indirectly, but in those technical 

soil pipe fittings we would make in extra heavy and production and service problems that lend themselves 

cut out those sizes in standard. We figure that it is no to experimental and theoretical analysis they are going 

hardship where 8, 10 and 12-in. soil pipe fittings are to assist to the limit of their ability. I wish to re 

required to use extra heavy only. In fact, we feel affirm my faith in the future of district heating and 

that on such a job extra heavy should be used. 

make an assurance of such assistance as it is possible 

Outsidt of these we do not anticipate any further 

changes. 

for me to give. 

DEMAND WILL BE SATISFIED 

Japanese-American Trade Relations 

Japanese competition in our domestic markets does 

not menace American industry, the National Bank of 

Commerce in New York declares in the September issue 

of its magazine, Commerce Monthly. On the 

other hand, an examination of the trade of Japan with 

the L T nited States since 1914c emphasizes the important 

economic relationship between the two countries and. 

according to the bank, indicates the desirability of 

maintaining satisfactory mutual trade relations between 

them.

SEPTEMBER 17, 19_0 METAI. WO R K E R , P L U M B E R A XI) S T E A M F ITTER 371 



plexing problems---the place to 




SERVICITIS'GCATIS 

Wants Special Boiler Covering 

From H. V. N., Illinois.—In the August 27 issue 

I noticed "A. R.." Vermont, wants some special boiler 

covering. He says that he put a boiler in and, due 

to dampness, the asbestos cover is crumbling and deteriorating. 

If he had used an Ideal type A boiler, he 

would not have had this trouble. You might tell him 

that this boiler, of which there are thousands in use, 

has been successfully used in damp cellars in moist localities. 

He does not mention it in his letter, but I 

suppose one of his troubles is that he did not use 

enough Portland cement in his finishing coat. 

How Can Volume of Air Be Increased ? 

From Connecticut—Enclosed find a sketch which 

will answer the inquiry of "P. M. G.," St. John, N. B., 

in the issue of August 5. These are measurements 

taken from a collector that works all right with a 36-in. 

io - o" E>. 

Tube _| 

* • " 

li-L_|i 

If tliese dimensions are followed I feel sure that by 

making the connection as shown and then operating 

the outfit, the results will be in every way satisfactory 

to him. 

Trouble With Eaves Trough 

From A. F. N., Vermont—I have had difficulty in 

obtaining satisfactorv results from hanging gutters 

(caves troughs). Every winter they become filled 

with ice and then overflow. Big icicles then form and 

the weight pulls the gutter out of shape. It is a dog's 

life going back every spring and trying to straighten 

these gutters, for when a ladder is put against them 

they bend in and that makes you fight against yourself 

trying to get them straight. Then the seams are 

sometimes burst and if soldered when bent in, they will 

not get straight. Can you suggest some way that this 

work can be done to avoid buckling and an easier way 

of fixing them? 

Editor's Note—If "A. L. N." will refer to METAL 

WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER issue of June 

18, on Page 800, he will find the article entitled "Good 

Will Earned by Good Work," which will give him 

some practical pointers on eaves troughs. 

How Can Paint Be Removed From 

Tin Roofs ? 

From B. R., Minnesota—I have two large roofs to 

repair that have been painted a number of times. Some 

of the paint will not come off. at least it is hard to 

scrape off and it takes a long time. As I can make 

some money on this work if I find a good quick way 

of getting the surface clean for soldering, I appeal 

to you for help. I would like to know if there is any 

way in which this paint can be removed easily and 

quickly. I hope to hear from you soon. 

How is Radiation Figured for Cellars? 

From J. K., New Jersey—I would like to know 

PLAN OF DUST COLLECTOR SHOWING MEASUREMENTS 

the proper way to figure these cellars. A is a house 

in which the cellar is exposed on all four sides, is 

14 x 20 ft with a 9-ft. ceiling and has four windows 

in each side 22 x 18 in. and one door 6l/2 ft. x 32 in. 

B is a house 30x50 ft. with a 10-ft. ceiling, wall 

exposed on four sides 4 ft. above ground. It has 

inlet without any pressure at the discharge. Please three windows in each side 15 x 30 in. and cellar door 

note that the inlet on the sketch does not enter the flue 7 ft. x 34 in. on south side. C is a house located on 

direct but on a tangent so as to give a centrifugal a side hill and is 25 x 40 ft. with an 8-ft. ceiling, has 

motion to the air and dust when entering the collector three windows 2x3 ft. and the grade extends from 

so as to help the foreign matters to settle and the air top of cellar wall on long side to the floor at the otlier 

to separate from it and pass out of the central tube. end. I would appreciate you assistance in this matter

372 .METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 


Our Telephone Number 

than can now be made. Many of the buyers in the 

VISITORS are finding us at our new address, 156 

trade look for some recessions after the first of the 

Fifth Avenue, New York City, and we can now 

year but they do not expect they will make any very 

apprise our friends that a call, "Watkins 4021," 

positive showing until after the first of March, when 

will find us ever ready to render such service as is in 

doubtless political as well as economical changes will 

our power. 

be made. 

It is useless to get into any considerable argument, 

but it is important that buyers who are dissatisfied 

The Perplexities of Business 

ITH legislatures enacting laws to facilitate the 

provision of roofs over the heads of the multi 

tude and efforts being made everywhere to 

bring down the cost of living, men engaged in lines 

of business where a.s yet the probabilities of any re 

cessions in prices are remote, have, in the vernacu 

lar of the day. hard sledding. One capable sales 

man in our field has answered his customers who look 

for lower prices, with the statement that he will ex 

change his products for their commodity on the basis 

of barter and on the basis of prices previous to 1914. 

Analysis soon shows that his prices have not gone 

up anything like as much as clothing, food and the 

majority of things in which people .are interested. 

That holds right straight through with the plumh 

ing, heating and sheet metal lines. It is only neces 

sary for the man to be well informed of these facts 

to lay them before his customers and assure them 

that what he has tn sell is not priced out of reason 

or susceptible to those recessions being made because 

nf too radical and great advances previously made in 

other fields. 

It has been pointed out before that with the price 

of labor and its productiveness and the price of raw 

materials, tliere is a strong probability of further 

advances in many lines made of metal before there 

can lie any great recession. And the period for that 

recession does not seem to be at hand. 

PRICES WILL CHANGE SLOWLY 

All nf the goods being sold to-day .-ire made out 

of high-priced materials and with higher priced labor 

than in 1911 and under these conditions their cost 

prevents any possibility of such recessions as people 

expect. Already people are looking to what the 

effect will be after the first of the year. Tliere seems 

to be some agreement that prices will hold for the 

balance of the year. Then after the collections are 

made during January, the inventory is taken along 

about the first of February and the finances and stocks 

are analyzed and studied with costs, there is some 

possibility that prices for the next spring may show 

some recession with a sounder base for the difference 

with prices be made to see the facts of the case as 

to the cost of materials, the cost of labor and the cost 

of doing business so that they can see that a man has 

nothing to give away and must have a profit of something 

over the replacement of the dollar which he 

expends in their behalf. The solution for the problem 

of present and future prosperity is continuous 

effort to find people who are reasonable and render 

them the service tbey need. 

Have Small Supplies Ready 

T H E rush season is advancing with such rapidity 

that it may well be said it is here. The man who 

is prepared to meet all of the demands will have 

to have in his warerooms or on stock shelves a thou 

sand and one little things like stove pipe wire, leather 

washers, cotter pins for grates, cement, insulating ma 

terial and a host of similar things for which only a 

little may be needed here and there but without which 

no job can be made complete. The man who is careful 

to know his stock will know the amount of everything 

on hand. He will not stop at the big things which 

run into considerable money for each one but will be 

just as careful to see that all these little things are 

where the workmen can be supplied with them quickly 

to save time and leave a finished job. Such materials 

must be taken care of so that they will not be wasted, 

as is too often the case. Those who travel often witness 

the carelessness with which such small things are 

left to be scattered around so that no one knows where 

they are when most needed. 

Fine Days for Roof Painting 

T H E R E are going to be some fine dry days after 

the equinoctial storms that can be used for paint 

ing tin roofs to prepare them for the coining win 

ter season and which many of them need to properly 

protect them. This is the time to inform customers of 

the condition of their roofs and the need for paint. 

It is the time to arrange to have the materials and 

men ready whenever the weather is propitious to render 

the property of customers capable of more safely 

withstanding the ravages of time and tbe stress of 

the weather.

SEPTEMBER 17, 19_0 M E T A L W () R K E R , P I. I' M BER AXD S T F, A \1 [ I T T E R 

M 

OST trade 

associations 

are 

organized f 0 r 

the individual 

benefit of the 

members in a 

particular i ndustry, 

but un 

RURAL WATER SUPPLY 

like other organizations 

the 

cardinal purposes of the Americin Society of Sanitary 

Engineering are to promote world-wide health. 

comfort and welfare of humanity. Perplexing questions 

for the furtherance of sanitary progress constantly 

confront this society and the inhabitants of 

communities are never brought to a realization of thc 

sacrifices cheerfully made by its members in a solution 

of the many problems that arise from year to year. 

It is not necessary for a gathering of thousands of 

delegates at any one time to create the impression of 

its importance and this part was clearly established at 

the'fifteenth annual convention of the American Society 

of Sanitary Engineering, held at St. Louis, Mo.. 

September 7. 8 and 9. Although attendance was 

probably as great as recorded at any former meeting, 

there is no question but what this was the most notable 

meeting in the history of the society, for members and 

distinguished guests were in attendance from all parts 

of the United States and Canada. Among those 

whose presence always encourages an incentive for 

better things were C. V. Kellogg, Cliicago, 111., chairman 

of the X T ational Standardization Bureau; William 

J. Woolley, Evansville, Ind., secretary and general 

manager of the National Trade Extension Bureau: 

Charles B. Nash, Pittsburgh, Pa., director of promotion 

division of the Standard Sanitarv Manufacturing 

Co.; L. McNamara, St. Louis, a former president ol 

the National Association of Master Plumbers; Thomas 

Clark, San Francisco, Cal.; L. D. Lawnin, president 

of the N. O. Nelson Manufacturing Co., St. Louis; 

A. A. Zertanna, St. Louis, a former secretary of the 

National Association of Master Plumbers; Amos 

Smith, Winnipeg, Canada, president of the Canadian 

Society of Sanitary Engineering, not enumerating the 

many prominent members of the society. 

In declaring the first session of the convention in 

order, Stephen H. Gilmore, St. Louis, chairman of the 

local arrangements committee, outlined the program 

for the three days' sessions. He then first introduced 

the Reverend William F. Robinson, who delivered the 

invocation and followed with a delightful address on 

"Organization. 

Sanitary Engineers Meet 

in St. Louis 

Many Distinguished Guests at the Fifteentli 

Annual Meeting of the American Society of 

Sanitary Engineering, Held on September 7-9 

373 

Mayor Kiel spoke of the importance of an organization 

of this character and the necessity for the improvement 

and progress of sanitary science. 

A. A. Zertanna, St. Louis, assured the members that 

the master plumbers were in harmony with the efforts 

of the society and its accomplishments. 

"Three fundamentals are the basic foundation of 

the iilumbing industry, technical, practical and financial," 

declared L. McNamara, St. Louis, who also 

gave a lengthy talk on sanitation .and hygiene. He 

further spoke of the work of the National Trade Extension 

Bureau, of which he was the first chairman. 

Ernest J. Russell, a prominent architect of St. 

Louis, urged the society to have representation at the 

coming congress of all allied building industries and 

said that the architects were vitally interested in thc 

solution of the many problems before the convention. 

As a representative of the manufacturing branch 

'f the plumbing and heating industry, L. D. Lawnin. 

St. Louis, dwelt on the subject of standardization of 

fixtures and fittings. He acquainted the members of 

the grief surrounding the problems of water supply in 

early history and of the unique method of conveying 

water in the ancient period. He said the allied organizations 

in their field were responsible for the 

t

374 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBEH 17, 1920 

explained by E. E. Wall, commissioner of water purification. 

He spoke of the necessity for pure water, 

the ease with whicli it can become polluted and contain 

typhoid germs and the purification of contaminated 

water. 

The chairman of the ladies' committee, S. A. Kiernan, 

St. Louis, modestly acknowledged his introduction 

and assured the ladies of a delightfully busy sojourn 

in St. Louis. 

The signal for an outburst of applause came with 

the introduction of Major William C. Groeniger of 

Columbus, Ohio, president of the society. He prefaced 

his remarks with an expression of appreciation 

of the society to all the preceding speakers for their 

cordial words of greetings and welcome. He said that 

organization spells the spirit of service, self-sacrifice 

and co-operation; that there is room for all practical, 

theoretical and financial engineers or any one interested 

in sanitary science, and that the best definition 

for education is only one's ability to successfully cope 

with his environments. He urged the members to at 

all times keep the "Service Sign" ahead of the dollar. 

In declaring a recess, he stated that all sessions would 

be promptly called to order at the time set for the 

re-convening. 

TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION 

The Tuesday afternoon session opened with the 

reading of communications by Secretary A. E. Smith 

of Columbus, Ohio. A telegram from L. A. Cornelius. 

Grand Rapids, who is now in California, and a letter 

from T. J. Claffy, Cliicago, both conveying well 

wishes, met with prolonged applause. 

In introducing William J. Woolley, Evansville. 

Ind.. President Groeniger said he was the Moses of 

the plumbing industry, for he was now recognized as 

tlieir leader and standard bearer. 

Mr. W r oolley first gave an extensive resume of the 

operations of the National Trade Extension Bureau 

and concluded with an interesting talk on the analysis 

of the cost of materials in relation to each productive 

hour. He discouraged the practice of the 

cost plus a certain percentage method of contracting 

and solicited the members to command the services 

of his bureau whenever it can be of assistance to them. 

A rising vote of thanks was accorded Mr. Woolley 

for his splendid address. 

The usual custom of debating upon all subjects 

brought up was indulged in, the participants being 

John Fowler, Jacksonville, Fla.; J. H. F.ustice, Oakland, 

Cal.; William J. Yackley, Dayton, Ohio, and 

others. 

The introduction of Charles B. Nash, Pittsburgh. 

Pa., was an assurance of a dissemination of knowledge 

from one of the brightest minds in the trade, 

and in the presentation of his subject, "The Next 

Step in Sanitation," he fulfilled his reputation as an 

entertaining and interesting speaker. A subsequent 

issue of this publication will contain this essay as 

presented by Mr. Nash, who also was shown the appreciation 

of the members for his instructive address 

by a rising vote of thanks. 

J. J. Crotty, Boston, Mass., uttered a word of warning 

when he said an effort is being made to destroy 

the accomplishments of the plumber and said we must 

closely scrutinize and learn, if possible, what actuated 

such desires. 

"The Value of the Trade Press to the Sanitary 

Engineer," an essay prepared by H. A. Call, associate 

editor of METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FIT 

TER, was read by George W. Wood, representing the 

publication at this convention. 

A friendly discussion followed between Arthur D. 

Campbell of the Plumbers' Trade Journal and L. 

Hutchinson of Domestic Engineering, both adding 

testimony to support the ideas of Mr. Call and making 

clear the position occupied by the trade press 

and the duty it performs. 

Chairman Groeniger then announced the following 

committees: 

Auditing and Finance—T. J. Lee, Pittsburgh, Pa., 

chairman; Luke Devine, Elizabeth, N. J., and Otto 

Meinert, Davenport, Iowa. 

Resolution—George W. W r ood, Chicago, 111., chairman; 

J. R. Walker, Waterbury, Conn.; C. A. Rainger, 

Cleveland, Ohio; Frank L. Maar, Poughkeepsie, N. 

Y.; and Frank Fitzgeorge, Trenton, N. J. 

Convention City—George J. Dehn, Chicago, 111., 

chairman; Frank Tweedie, New Orleans, La.; George 

Stolz, Milwaukee, Wis.; W. J. Yackley, Dayton, 

Ohio; and Ed. O'Connor, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

State Association—F. R. King, Madison, Wis.; A. 

E. Smith, Columbus, Ohio; J. J. Connor, Denver, 

Colo.; A. C. Shaver, Pasadena, Cal.; and A. J. Mc 

Gookin, Newark, N. J. 

An essay entitled. "Standards for Soil Pipe and 

THE MEMBERS AND GUESTS OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SANITARY

SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 M E T A L WORKER, PLUMBER A N D S T E A M FIT T E R 

Fittings," prepared by. T J. Claffy, Chicago, was 

read by Secretary A. E. Smith and at the conclusion 

a general discussion was led by George J. Dehn of 

Chicago, 111., following which the first day's session 

adjourned. 

WEDNESDAY MORNING SESSION 

The Wednesday morning session opened promptly 

at the stipulated hour and the roll call recorded but 

a few absentees. Frank R. King, Madison, Wis., presented 

a paper upon "Domestic Sanitary Engineering 

a Factor in Public Health Work," which was followed 

by the paper of Secretary A. E. Smith, Columbus, 

Ohio, entitled "The Equal Operation and Enforcement 

of State Minimum Standard Regulations upon All 

Classes and Kinds of Buildings." 

At the conclusion of the reading of this paper, President 

Groeniger paved the way for a joint discussion 

of both. It developed during this debate that a campaign 

of education for both the plumber and public 

was being planned in Colorado and J. J. Crotty, Boston, 

Mass., informed the members that a state code 

was now in preparation for Massachusetts. 

J. H. Eustice, Oakland, Cal., told of the effort in 

his state to abolish cesspools and further spoke of the 

evil practised upon the innocent purchaser of building 

lots where no sewage system exists, the sale of 

such lots being made upon the express promise to connect 

with a sewage or water supply system. 

John Fowler, Jacksonville, Fla., said his impression 

of the difference between the plumber and the doctor 

was that when a plumber made a mistake in an installation 

it was necessary for him to correct such 

trouble at his expense, but when the doctor erred in 

his diagnosis they usually buried the patient. 

Secretary Smith closed this discussion by saying 

that the motto of the sanitary engineer should be 

"Prevention rather than a cure." 

President Groeniger read digests from an essay he 

prepared for the American Public Health Society, of 

which he is a member. A rising vote of thanks was 

extended to both Mr. King and Mr. Smith. 

The inability of W. W. Hughes, Minneapolis, Minn.. 

to attend this meeting was extremely regretted by the 

niembers and his paper upon "Boy Scouts in Plumbing" 

was presented bv President Groeniger. The lat 

ENGINEERING ATTENDING ANNUAL MEETING, ST. LOUIS, SEPTEMBER 7-9 

375 

ter also advised the members of his meeting Mr. 

Hughes during the recent convention of the National 

Association of Master Plumbers held at Pittsburgli 

and of the work in this direction carried on at the 

Dunwoodie Institute at Minneapolis. 

Thomas Clark, San Francisco, Cal., representing the 

L lifted Association of Journeymen Plumbers, Gas and 

i'team Fitters, urged the employer to meet with his 

help from time to time in order to become more familiar 

with the surroundings of the employee and bring 

about a better understanding between them. He further 

suggested that the society encourage the distribution 

of propaganda among the general public in an 

endeavor to destroy the ancient feeling against the 

nlumbers. 

At the conclusion of Mr. Clark's address the members 

expressed their appreciation by applause. 

Telegrams and letters inviting the societv to hold its 

1921 meeting were received from prominent state and 

city officials of New Orleans, La., and Dallas, Texas, 

which were referred to the convention city committee. 

Before declaring a recess for luncheon President 

(iroeniger requested a full attendance of members at 

the afternoon session to hear C. V. Kellog, Chicago, 

111., chairman of the National Standardization Bureau. 

WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION 

The roster of speakers had Thomas F. Hanley, Chicago, 

111., scheduled to address the convention on 

"Standardization as a Benefit to the Plumbing Industry 

and Public," but owing to illness he was unable 

to be present and Mr. Kellogg substituted. 

As a preliminary to his address Mr. Kellogg told 

of the conception of the Standardization Bureau. He 

attended the convention of master plumbers at Atlantic 

City a few years ago, at which time a resolution 

was introduced dwelling upon standardization from a 

mechanical viewpoint. He said he realized then that 

this was a vital subject and an opportune time to establish 

such a bureau, which should comprise all the allied 

interests in the industry. He said the object of this 

bureau is to make business and not to curtail it. Standardization 

as attempted is to standardize goods, not 

to make them easy to install but to have them properly 

installed, which must result in a bigger and better

376 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AXD STEAM EITTER SEPTEMBEH 17, 1920 

business for the industry. He further stated that the 

costs of materials have so increased that the public 

hesitates to build and many believe that a break will 

soon come so that wc might return to pre-war conditions, 

but in his judgment prices had not yet reached 

the peak. He cited the increased cost of transportation 

as a factor in maintaining present prices. Labor 

and food costs must be readjusted before any reduction 

in other costs can become effective. This change 

in conditions must be gradual and cannot occur immediately. 

On the necessity for standardization, .Mr. Kellogg 

outlined the operations of a railroad as a concrete example 

and further advised the members of the elimination 

of 12,000 pieces from the new catalog of plumbers' 

brass goods. Anotlier purpose of standardization 

is to have the manufacturer brand his goods so that if 

additional parts are necessarv, they can be easily 

obtained. Where fixtures or fittings of certain types 

and sizes were seldom used, it was also necessary to 

carry an additional overhead upon tliese fixtures and 

eventually charged against the consumer. Standardization 

is also necessary for self-preservation for the 

manufacturer, but it would require from 2 to 3 years to 

ultimately reach the desired standard of correct standardization, 

which will then automatically put this industry 

on a plane where it properlv belongs. 

President Groeniger expressed to Mr. Kellogg the 

profound appreciation of the society for his most instructive 

address and frequently during the discussion 

that followed Mr. Kellogg answered many questions. 

J. R. Walker, Waterbury, Conn., one of the vicepresidents, 

occupied the chair while President Groeniger 

made an elaborate report as chairman of the committee 

representing the society on the National Standardization 

Bureau and made many timely suggestions 

for the future consideration of the bureau. He intimated 

that when the society was organized it was for 

the express purpose of effecting standardization of fixtures 

and fittings and this will eventually be one of the 

greatest accomplishments in this industry. He suggested 

that the former sacrifice of efficiency tor economy 

was a huge mistake and now the consumer will 

benefit more than any one branch of this industry and 

standardization will eventually stimulate progress. He 

spoke of the disastrous earthquake in San Francisco 

and how this taught another lesson to civilization relative 

to the absolute necessity for sanitation when the 

inhabitants were forced to meet other conditions. He 

read an outline of a proposed code of 36 sections, giving 

an explanation of each section. This code will tie 

submitted to the National Standardization Bureau for 

final adoption, with necessary amendments. 

The report was accepted and a rising vote of thanks 

proffered both Mr. Kellogg and Mr. Groeniger. 

Edward Quinn, St. Louis, a past president, gave an 

interesting talk upon the early history of the society, 

the grief and barriers it encountered and final success, 

eulogizing the charter members who organized the 

society. He also said plumbing code standardization is 

just as necessary as that of fixtures and fittings and 

concluded with an interesting discourse upon "Salesmanship 

and Its Relation to Sanitary Engineering." 

In an impromptu talk on questions for the further 

considerations of the society, President Groeniger 

urged a continuation of the individual efforts of the 

members in the construction and maintenance of public 

comfort stations, the extermination of the rodent family 

and other disease-carrying agents, with the construction 

of rat-proof buildings and wharves, sanitation 

and its relation to the public health, the shortage 

of homes and the effects upon health conditions. He 

suggested that the resolution committee draft suitable 

resolutions upon such recommendations. 

Just as an adjournment was in order Stephen Gilmore 

introduced John Cooney, a pioneer master 

plumber of St. Louis, who told of the grief existing 

in the plumbing business 50 years ago when lead working 

was a necessary adjunct and he traced the progress 

from that time to the present generation. 

THURSDAY SESSION 

Tlie third and concluding day's session opened with 

a continuation of enthusiasm. T. J. Lee, Pittsburgh, 

as chairman of the auditing and finance conimittee, 

rendered a report approving the records of the society 

the past year and showing a substantial cash balance. 

Secretary Smith reported upon the activities of the 

society for its fiscal year, the increase in their active 

and associate membership and the campaign for encouraging 

attendance at future annual meetings. 

George W. Wood, chairman of the resolution committee, 

presented the following resolution, all of which 

met with the approval of the society. 

THAT municipalities enact a license law making' necessary 

the examination of applicants before the issuing of a 

license. 

THAT sanitary police who inspect drainage and plumbing 

he practical and competent. 

THAT n National Health Bureau be created with a cabinet 

officer in charge, the encouraging of the practice of 

rat-proofing buildings and wharves, the further construction 

and maintenance of public comfort stations with the enactment 

of legislation similar to the laws of Wisconsin, expressions 

of appreciation to all the speakers, officers, committees 

and the trade press. 

THAT a committee lie appointed to consider the deterioration 

of materials used in sewage construction. 

THAT the president be authorized to continue thc same 

members on the committee on standardization, the establishment 

of a bureau for plumbing tests, and the extension of 

sewers and water supply to vacant tracts of land about to 

he offered for sale as building lots. 

Great attention was also given to the paper of A. 

C. Shaver, Pasadena, Cal., on "The Length of Service 

of Materials for House Drains, Home Sewers, Soil 

Waste and Vent Pipes." following which interesting 

"emmfnts were made by Amos Smith, Winnipeg, 

Canada. 

Stephen H. Gilmore inaugurated the debate upon 

house drains and vents and reported for the convention 

city committee. 

George J. Dehn, Chicago, 111., as chairman, announced 

the selection of Dallas, Texas, for the 1921 

convention. 

A motion prevailed directing Treasurer Jerry F. 

Doud. Cincinnati, Ohio, to present a check for $100 

to President W. C. Groeniger as an expression of 

appreciation from the society for his splendid services 

the past year. 

J. R. Walker, Waterbury. Conn., in well-chosen 

woids, nominated Mr. Groeniger for re-election as 

president and immediately the nominations were closed 

and his selection was made unanimous. Major Bill 

thanked the members for this burden, as he expressed 

it, and assured them of his continued loyalty, further 

stating that he hoped to report a substantia] increase 

in membership this coming year.

SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 METAL WORKER, P L U M B E R A X D S T E A M E I T T E 

The other officers unanimously elected are as follows: 

Treasurer, Jerry F. Doud, Cincinnati, Ohio; 

secretary, A. S. Smith, Columbus, Ohio; director, A. 

C. Shaver, Pasadena, Cal., .and the following vice-presidents, 

selected in the order named, Charles A. Rainger, 

Cleveland, Ohio; L. J. Devine, Elizabeth, N. J.; 

J. R. Walker, Waterbury, Conn.; T. J. Lee, Pittsburgh, 

Pa.; George J. Dehn, Chicago, 111.; Amos 

Smith. Winnipeg, Canada ; Otto Meinert, Davenport, 

Iowa; J. J. Crotty, Boston, Mass.; Stephen H. Gilmore. 

St. Louis, Mo.; and George R. Stolz, Milwaukee, 

Wis. 

MEMBERS IN ATTENDANCE 

Herewith is a complete list of the registered members 

in 'attendance: George B. Barron, Chicago; 

John Brady, St. Louis; J. J. Crotty, Boston; John 

Cripps. Cincinnati, Ohio; J. J. Connor, Denver, 

Colo.; L. J. Devine, Elizabeth, N. J.; George J. 

Dehn. Chicago; Jerry F. Doud, Cincinnati, Ohio; J. 

F. Driscoll, Pittsburgh; John Eiden, Evanston, 111.; 

J. H. Eustice, Oakland, Cal.; F. H. Fitzgeorge, Trenton, 

N. J.; John Fowler, Jacksonville, Fla.; Stephen 

H. Gilmore, St. Louis; A. S. Gregory, Rockford, 111.; 

W. C. Groeniger, Columbus, Ohio; E. J. Hanley, St. 

Louis; Frank R. King, Madison, Wis.; J. T. McKetrick. 

Mukogee, Okla.; T. M. Landers, Richmond, Va.; 

T. J. Lee, Pittsburgli, Pa.; Otto Meinert, Davenport, 

Iowa; E. P. McKay Wilmington, Del.; E. M. Mc- 

Lundie, St. Louis; M. J. Mooney, Syracuse, N. Y.; 

J. R. Mahar, Syracuse, N. Y.; Frank M. Maar, 

Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; A. J. McGookin, Newark, N. J.; 

W. M. McGarrah, Macon, Ga.; Edward O'Connor, 

Cincinnati, Ohio; W. R. Pugh. Racine, Wis.; Charles 

A. Rainger, Cleveland, Ohio; J. A. Sullivan, Joliet, 

111.; A. C. Shaver, Pasadena, Cal.; Amos Smith, Winnipeg, 

Canada; Aden E. Smith, Columbus, Ohio; 

George R. Stolz, Milwaukee, Wis.; H. L. Schaller, 

Miami. Fla.; F. P. Tweedie, New Orleans, La.; J. H. 

Tracy, Chicago, 111.; D. H. W r yatt, Columbus, Ohio; 

J. R. Walker. Waterbury. Conn.; F. L. Yerburv, Rock 

Island, 111.; W. J. Yackley, Dayton, Ohio; William 

J. Woolley, Evansville, Ind. 

ENTERTAINMENT AND CONVENTION WHIRLS 

One of the pronounced features of the nieeting was 

the banquet and dance during the evening of Septem 

ber 9, held at the Riverview Club, one of the historic 

surroundings of St. Louis on the Mississippi River. 

The members and friends gathered at 2 o'clock and 

were driven through the business and residential sections 

of St. Louis, thence to the Bevo plant, Shaw 

Gardens, Art Building, where the group photograph 

was taken, and continued through the boulevards to the 

Riverview Club, where an appetizing menu was enjoyed 

and during the serving of the courses a program 

of vaudeville entertainment was given. 

A. A. Zertanna, St. Louis, acting as toastmaster, 

then introduced the speakers for the evening. Responses 

were made by W T illiam C. Groeniger, A. E. 

Smith, L. McNamara, R. Anderson, J. Eiden, concluding 

with the presentation of two handsome bouquets 

to Stephen H. Gilmore on behalf of the St. Louis 

and East St. Louis local associations of Master Plumbers. 

Dancing continued until midnight when the party 

returned to tlieir respective hotels in automobiles fur 

37> 

nished by the local members of the association, jobbers 

and manufacturers. 

A number of ladies accompanied their husbands to 

the nieeting and during tlieir stay in St. Louis were 

guests of the Ladies' Auxiliary of the local Association 

of Master Plumbers. They were entertained with a 

reception, luncheon and theater parties, shopping tours 

and automobile drives. 

The delegates were desirous of taking advantage of 

the automobile drive arranged for Thursday afternoon 

so they concluded to continue the last morning's session 

until all their work was completed. 

As evidence of the popularity of Charles A. Rainger, 

Cleveland, he was selected to head the vice-presidents 

and was therefore thc first one to be elected. 

Joseph Lamping, one of Cincinnati's prominent 

merchant plumbers, displayed his new patented closet 

connection, which received favorable attention from 

the members. 

Owing to illness, Amos Smith. Winnipeg, Canada, 

was absent from the early sessions, but he recovered in 

time to attend the final session and gave much instructive 

information regarding the deterioration of materials 

in sewer construction. 

The meeting of the board of directors planned for 

Labor Day was delayed because of the late arrival of 

President Groeniger, who motored from Columbus, 

Ohio. Major Bill not only encountered rough roads 

and an abundance of rain, but on his arrival at St. 

Louis at 1 o'clock a. m., Tuesday, he was held by the 

police as a suspicious character until he was able to 

properly identify himself. He now claims he has very 

high regard for the efficiency of the St. Louis police 

force. 

George J. Dehn, president and general manager of 

the Compound Injector & Specialty Co., Chicago, 111.. 

always actively interested in the success of the society, 

was honored with a re-election as the fifth vice-president. 

George B. Barron, also a member of the society, 

and Stanley B. Ruff, both representatives of the comiiany, 

were in attendance. 

The members had the jileasure of meeting the only 

bridal couple at the meeting, D. H. Wyatt and wife 

Columbus, Ohio, who were married a month ago and 

are still on their honeymoon. Mr. Wyatt was showing 

a new closet flange that will soon be placed upon the 

market bv the Groeniger Sanitary Co., Columbus, 

Ohio. 

Ask "Bill" Woolley, Evansville, Ind., why he can 

always make his efforts profitable when he is accomplishing 

something for other people. 

"Jack" Cripps, Cincinnati, Ohio, representing the 

Eaa;le-Picher Lead Co., attended this meeting for the 

purpose of having the standardization committee include 

plumbers' lead goods in their list of fixtures now 

under consideration by this committee, Hr. Cripps 

also became an associate member of the society. 

THE BRIER HILL STEEL CO., Youngstown, Ohio, 

has purchased the lake freighter, the H. II. Porter, 

one of the four vessels built by the American Shipbuilding 

Co. this season on its own account. This 

vessel, which will be placed in commission this week. 

will be operated by a separate corporation to be known 

as the Brier Hilf Steamship Co. and will be used for 

carrying ore for the Brier Hill Steel Co.

378 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER SEPTEMBEH 17, 1920 


Midland Furnace Manufacturers 

Matters of Importance Discussed at Gathering 

at Hotel Sherman on September 9 

One of the best attended meetings of the Midland 

Club was called to order in the Sherman Hotel, Chicago. 

September 9, by President J. M. Trigg, Huntington, 

Ind. An important topic on everybody's mind 

was the effect of the recent advances in railroad 

rates, and their affect on the cost of goods. With 

prices for iron and coke increasing and a steady demand 

there was no feeling of depression in the industry. 

Cancellation of orders by automobile makers and 

others had not made any surplus of material, as steel 

had rapidly been absorbed by other industries. Even 

though new building is light, the demand for furnaces 

is ahead of production, and the prospects for a continued 

good business for the remainder of the year are 

considered very good. Various members told of 

production troubles which hampered the output of the 

plants in their sections. 

There was a keen interest in the quarterly sales 

plan used by some manufacturers, and the opinion 

was expressed that it was advantageous and satisfactory 

to both buyer and seller, and would be continued. 

The subject of a uniform cost system was brought 

up, and a special committee was appointed to study 

the subject and make a report of the matter, after 

which the meeting adjourned. 

Western Central Stove Manufacturers 

Meeting Held at Congress Hotel, Chicago 

on Wednesday, September 8 

The stove makers of the Middle West were well 

represented at the meeting of the Western Central 

Association of Stove Manufacturers, held in the Congress 

Hotel, Wednesday, September 8. 

Discussions of the freight rate advance, production 

troubles and the outlook for the remainder of the year 

were participated in by all present. The officers of 

the association are: President, J. T. Templeton; vicepresident, 

J. A. Fry; treasurer and secretary, A. W. 

Williams. 

i 

Next Western Trade Golf Meet 

To Be Held at Blue Mound Country Club, Milwaukee. 

on Tuesday, September 21st 

Advance preparations have been completed for thc: 

members of the Western Trade Golf Association to 

play at the Blue Mound Country Club, Milwaukee, 

Wis., Tuesday, September 21. A special car will 

leave the Adams Street station of the Chicago, North 

Shore & Milwaukee Electric Railroad at 8 o'clock. 

Cliicago time, arriving at Milwaukee 9:47, according 

to the announcement of Captain E. W. Sanborn. This 

will give plenty of time for the morning round, in 

preparation for the afternoon match play. 

All members are urged to notify Treasurer Joe 

Carroll of their intention of going and show that thev 

appreciate the invitation of Host Sharpe. 

New England Golf Meet 

Association Enjoys Play at Brae Burn Country 

Club Links 

The New England Metal Products Golf Association 

held its last meeting at the Brae Burn Country 

Club with playing in the morning and afternoon. 

Dinner was served at the clubhouse after the playing 

while a light luncheon was enjoyed at noon. 

W. H. Tlia}'er of Crow Point won the morning play 

with a gross of 89 and net of 83. W. J. Eddy captured 

the afternoon first. Second prizes went to G. F. 

Uhler and G. A. Murphy, respectively. 

The next meeting of the association will be held at 

the Rhode Island Country Club, but the date of the 

meeting has not been decided upon. 

H. 

\\ 

W 

11 

c. 

L. Doten 

A. Griffith 

F. Hubbard 

L. W. Smith 

W 

w H. Thayer. 1st 

II. W. Thorndike 

G. F. Uhler, 2nd 

C. 

VV J. Eddy, 1st 

G. 

S. B. Reed 

R. 

Morning Scores Afternoon Scores 

Gross Hand Net 

109 12 97 

110 Ifi 94 

114 20 94 

100 14 86 

102 12 90 

114 14 100 

Ill 18 93 

89 6 83 

126 24 102 

115 30 85 

130 30 100 

Gross Hand Net 

193 12 91 

108 16 0' 

113 20 93 

98 14 S4 

103 12 91 

111 14 97 

105 18 87 

94 6 as 

117 24 93 

119 30 89 

123 30 91 

105 ?A S1 

86 4 P.? 

102 14 RS 

98 12 86 

ELEVENTH ANNUAL OUTING OF THE MAINE ASSOCIATION OF MASTER PLUMBERS AT LONG ISLAND, AUGUST 16

SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 METAI. \V O K K F. R , PLUMB E R A N 1) S T E A M I' I T T E R 

Massachusetts Sanitary Club 

New Officers Elected at September Meeting of Directors 

At the September meeting of the directors of the 

Massachusetts Sanitary Club, the officers for the year 

were elected. 

William H. Sullivan, recently president of the Massachusetts 

Master Plumbers' Association, was elected 

president, succeeding Daniel F. Carroll, Lowell. William 

H. Toner, Worcester, was elected vice-president; 

J. Preston Perham, Boston, treasurer of the Massachusetts 

Master Plumbers' Association, was elected 

treasurer, and W r illiam A. Bradford, Quincy, a former 

president of the state association, was elected secretary. 

Nothing further was done regarding the selection 

of a permanent secretary, although the choice of Mr. 

Bradford, who is to be the premanent secretary when 

one is elected, is a step towards that goal which is to 

be established as soon as the necessary financial backing 

is secured. 

The other directors are Edmund F. Butler, Frank 

W. Hubbard, William P. Kane, all of Boston; Edward 

A. Morris, Lowell; C. M. Neily, Haverhill; and 

Elwood. Noyes, Salem. 

Manhattan Master Plumbers* Outing 

Motor Buses Take Guests to Whitestone Landing, 

Where Program of Sports Is Enjoyed 

The largest turnout of members and guests of the 

Manhattan Branch of the Association of Master 

Plumbers of New York City in recent years was the 

response to the work of the committee appointed by 

President John L. Knight. It consisted of J. H. Jasper, 

Harry Hemlin, Herman Auskulat, George J. Simons, 

James S. Lawlor, A. E. Jackson, Morris Jarcho. 

W T illiam Lawrence and John L. Knight. 

The start was made from the association headquarters, 

155 East Fifty-eighth Street, New York City. 

in motor buses, and after a run down-town to show 

the citizens of New York something of the number 

and importance of the plumbing contractors of the 

Sitting: \V. H. Crookston, J. E. Titzell. Past Treasurer 

Cuno Muller. President John L. Knight and Thomas J. 

Tourney of The Guard. 

Standing- Rear: Herman Auskulot and Commissioner 

Alex Brown. 

SOME OF THE NOTABLES AT MANHATTAN OUTING 

city, a return was made. The buses then crossed the 

East River and the trip was made to Duer's Hotel 

and park at Whitestone Landing, L. I. 

Among the officers of the association present were 

J. L. Murphy, Joseph H. Booth, Joseph H. Jasper, 

William Young-, the Manhattan Octogenarian talking t 

Paul Euell 

GUESTS AT MANHATTAN OUTING 

379 

adjourned to the ball field, where the master plumbers 

heat the wholesale trade by a score of 15 to 1. 

Among the guests from other cities were Thomas 

O'Brien, John J. Dixon and M. Kennedy from Brooklyn; 

John F. Rogers and George M. O'Connor, Flushing; 

Stephen Welch, the Bronx; Joseph F. Elliott, 

of the Richmond association. There also was a large 

turnout of the representatives of the different supply 

houses in New York City who contributed to the pleasure 

of the day. 

After the ballgame, a stanch dog of aggressive 

temperament was secured as well as a badger and a 

tight was pulled off to the gaiety of the entire assembly 

to which Past National Secretary John R. Hopkin 

contributed substantially, even if he was up a tree. 

In the program of sports conducted under the management 

of Flarry Hemlin, the 100-yd. dash was won 

by William Hennegan in 12 sec; the shot put by 

John J. Goldschmidt, 31 ft.; the hop, skip and jump 

by N. R. Lemcke, 36 ft.; the standing broad jump 

by H. Greenberg, 8 ft. 8 in.; the running broad jump 

by H. Amberger, 13 ft. 6y2 in.; three standing jumps 

by Raymond Brown, 26 ft.; Vi-mile run by Walter T. 

McGirr, 2 min. 20 sec; bottle race, D. C. W T alker; 

shoe race, A. Nuss; fat men's race, W. Buchwold. 

The winning teams of the ball games were awarded 

cuff links and all the other prize winners were presented 

with silver cigarette cases. 

After the field sports the party congregated in the 

dining hall and exchanged expressions of good will 

until the dinner was served, after whicli the train was 

taken for Nelv York City. All voted that the day had 

been well spent. 

North Shore Plumbers' Outing 

Fine Dinner and Many Sports Enjoyed at 

Centennial Grove, Essex, Mass. 

The annual outing of the North Shore Master 

Plumbers' Association of Massachusetts was held in 

Centennial Grove, Essex, Mass., September 1, with 

more than 50 members, jobbers and salesmen in at-

380 M E T A 1. WO R K E R , P L U M B E R AXD STE A M F I T T E R SEPTEMBER 17, 19_0 

P. .1. Sturn, John Maier and Morris Berla 

Respectively 70, sr, and 91. 

SOME OF THE GUESTS AT THE NEWARK PLUMBERS' OUTING 

tendance and the enjoyable events of former years served ham and eggs and other good things along with 

were surpassed upon this occasion. 

the breakfast. A little later on a luncheon of beef 

The party gathered at Town House Square. Salem, steak and suitable vegetables was served. 

and motored to the grove, where quoit pitching, discus In the afternoon those who were still hungry were 

throwing and otlier sports were held and a baseball fed "hot dogs" and just before the close of the day, 

game between the plumbers and allied trades ended the chef and his corps of cooks and waitresses served 

in a real score of 2 to 1 in favor of the plumbers. as fine a chicken dinner as it is commonly the good 

Perley Kelley and Robert Robertson, Jr., comprised fortune of a man to enjoy. 

the winning battery with Barstow of the Hungerford While all this was going on, James Sheridan had 

Co. and A'Hearn of the Corcoran Supply Co. the cliarge of the sports and had the salesmen and the 

losing battery. 

plumbers out on the field playing a game of baseball. 

A combination lobster and chicken dinner was Samuel F. Wilson, who is out for the Republican 

served at the hotel. President Bartholomew Dris nomination for sheriff, showed good judgment and got 

coll and Secretary James H. Trow were in charge of his base on balls and then deputized H. F. Baillet to 

arrangements and Robert Robertson, Jr., and Reuben do the running for him. Miller came along with a 

Dockham had charge of the sports. 

home run, clearing the bases, so that the plumbers 

won with a score of 13 to 10. 

Newark Outing New Jersey Reunion 

After they had attended one of the sessions with 

Chef Traymer the sports were pulled off and in the 

Annual Picnic- of Master Plumbers Held at 

Hollywood Park. Maplewood, September 11th 

shot put P. Hofer, Jr., cleared a space of 36 ft. 4 in. 

and won a pocket knife. He was closely followed by 

J. C. McDonald with a put of 31 ft. 7l/2" in. McDoii- 

A larger representation from further South was all a.d was after Hofer again, who won the standing 

that was needed to make the outing of the Master broad jump by clearing 8 ft. 7 in., with McDonald 

Plumbers' Association of Newark, N. J., a reunion of just t iii. behind him. This brought Hofer a set of 

New Jersey plumbers, at Hollywood Park, Maple Savill sink bibbs. 

wood. N. J., Saturday, September 1 1. 

The fat man's race was won by Bill W 

Joseph Sprouls, J. J. Corcoran and William T. J. 

Orriss were there from Jersey City; J. H. Cadigan 

and William Delhagen represented Paterson; Past 

State Secretary Joseph A. Durr, William Chesnut, 

Alexander MacGregor and one or two others represented 

Montclair. State President William Snudden 

came down from Morristown alone. Then the notables 

were Morris Berla, 91 years old; John Maier, 81 years 

old, and F. J. Sturn, a past treasurer, 70 years old. 

The committee in charge which brought out this 

party consisted of Chairman Samuel F. Wilson, E. 

Sternkopf, F. J. Sturn, A. Taafe, Benjamin Cohen, 

James Sheridan, M. J. Brady and William Spatcher. 

The Newark plumbers believe the way to a man's 

good will is to fill him with good things and, as soon 

as the party arrived on the ground, Chef Traymer 

r atson, of 

Belleville, and he carried off a fine silk umbrella because 

George S. Monahan, Keaslev & Matteson Co., 

would not start. H. E. Hill won the 50-yd. dash, 

closely followed by A. M. Johnson and P. Meyer, and 

this got him a fine pocket knife. 

A good deal of fun was made by the wheelbarrow 

race, won by J. C. McDonald, who was the wheel 

ind shafts, and R. R. Wettstein, the wheelbarrow 

.artist, one representing the United States Radiator Co. 

•and the other Domestic Engineering. Thev received 

two fine pearl handled pocket knives in nice soft 

leather cases. 

The plumbers put one ovei on the salesmen as thev 

followed the instructions of H. F. Baillet and won 

the tug-of-war from McDonald, the coach for the 

salesmen's team, but John McHale, his anchor did

SEPTEMBER 17, 19_0 METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER 381 

not have the girth to hold the rope and his attempt 

to use a tree was a failure. 

W. H. Beck, state organizer, came down from 

Orange in his Flivver, in which he has been visiting 

different parts of north New Jersey, and enjoyed 

himself and everybody enjoyed meeting him. All extended 

hearty congratulations to President Brad}'- and 

Chairman Wilson on the annual outing of the Newark 

association. 

Illinois Contractors Meet in Springfield 

All Trades Well Represented at Two Day Meeting 

in State Capital 

Delegates from all parts of Illinois, totaling 170, 

gathered in Springfield for the semi-annual meeting 

of the Associated Building Contractors' Association of 

Illinois, on September 9 and 10. The business sessions 

were held in the Leland Hotel with President A. 

Lanquist, Chicago, presiding. 

At the first session, Thursday morning, reports of 

Secretary-Treasurer E. M. Craig, Chicago, and the 

state organizer were heard. Then the following resolutions 

committee was appointed: R. J. Jobst, Peoria; 

G. F. Mehring, Chicago; J. C. Wuelner, Alton; C. J. 

Ryan, Danville; A. C. Preble, Springfield; G. M. 

Getschow, Chicago; Joshua Vasconcelos, Jacksonville; 

F. J. Bero, Elgin; A. O. Carpenter, Cliicago; C. H. 

Robinson, Springfield; and V. L. Page, Rockford. 

John Griffiths, Chicago, spoke on "The Necessity of 

Organization," emphasizing the fact that it would 

overcome the main difficulties encountered in the 

business. 

A luncheon in the hotel was enjoyed at noon and the 

afternoon session was then opened at 1:30 o'clock. A 

number of papers were read and discussed, including 

"Apprentices and Vocational Training," by H. B. 

Barnard; "Building Material," by Herman Metz; 

"Jurisdictional Award," by E. M. Craig; "Legislative 

Activities," by A. Lanquist, and "Mutual Insurance," 

by O. C. Holtz. 

F. T. Weber, New York City, executive secretary 

of the employers' section of the National Association 

of Building Trades, was in attendance. 

A banquet was held at 6:30 in the Leland Hotel and 

many of the members' wives accompanied them. Addresses 

were made by Dr. E. B. Rogers of Central 

Baptist Church, Thomas Rees, publisher of the Illinois 

State Register, and Edward Payne. 

The final session was held Friday morning. An interesting 

paper on "Licenses for Contractors" was 

read by F. A. Bulley, Chicago, and Oscar A. Ruem, 

Chicago, talked on "Collective Bargaining." "Overhead 

Costs" were explained by H. A. Ingersoll of 

Danville. 

Forty autos took the members on a 20-mile tour of 

the city, all points of interest being visited. The trip 

ended at the fair grounds where a fine chicken dinner 

was waiting for everyone. 

New officers will not be elected until the annual 

meeting in February. 

The Chicago delegates who attended are: D. M. 

Haines, Frank Mellish and T. P. Shean for the Sheet 

Metal Contractors' Association, and George M. Getchow, 

C. H. Glennon, George Kirk and George Mehring 

for the Master Steam Fitters' Association. (It 

looks as if the fitters left it to the Georges to do it and 

from all reports they did.) 

\ 

Eastern Supply Association to Meet 

Program Arranged lor Meeting at Hotel Astor, New York 

City, on October 13 

Arrangements are already well under way on a program 

to make it well worth while for every member to 

attend the meeting of the Eastern Supply Association 

in the Hotel Astor, New York City, on Wednesday 

October 13. 

If any member has a matter that should receive attention, 

he should apprise Secretary Frank S. Hanley, 

261 Broadway, New York City. 

Central Supply Meeting October 20 

Fall Meeting to be Held at Hotel Sherman 

Executive Committee October 19 

The regular fall meeting of the Central Supply 

Association will be held at 10 o'clock a. m., Wednesday, 

October 20, in the Hotel Sherman, Cliicago, according 

to the announcement of Secretary Paul 

Blatchford. On the previous day the members of the 

executive committee will hold their meeting. 

Pittsburgh National Convention Preparations 

Sheet Metal Contractors' Convention Committee Appointed 

and Plans Well Under Way for 1921 Meeting 

The first meeting for the fall of the Pittsburgli Association 

of Sheet Metal Contractors was held on 

Friday, September 3, and there was a large turnout 

following the summer vacation. Applications for several 

new members were received. 

The convention committee was appointed and, as 

several members of it were already interested in the 

preparation for the national convention, it is expected 

that their plans will be immediately perfected and 

when the trade meets in Pittsburgh the second week 

of June, 1921, they will be glad that they accepted 

the invitation to come to Pittsburgh. 

Pennsylvania Sheet Metal Contractors 

Plans Completed for Meeting of Officers and Directors 

of Sheet Metal Association 

Through the courtesy of State Secretary Williani 

F. Angermyer, 711 Homewood Avenue, Pittsburgli. 

Pa., information has been received that arrangements 

have been completed for the meeting of the officers 

und directors of the Slieet Metal Contractors' Association 

of Pennsylvania in the Hotel Brunswick, in 

Lancaster, Pa., on Wednesday, September 15. 

Activities are also developing some interest in the 

organization of the Salesmen's Auxiliary, correspondence 

having been opened with the Metal Works Club 

of Philadelphia, and also with the Stove Salesmen's 

Association of Pennsylvania. The association is desirous 

of having an auxiliary organization of the 

representatives of the jobbers and manufacturers to 

advance the interest of all concerned. 

President H. F. Bantham will probably run over 

from Harrisburg and join Secretary Angermyer in 

visiting the local trade previous to the meeting of the 

officers.

382 .METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND S T E __ M FITTER SEPTEMBEH 17, 1920 



R. C. KIRK, who recently resigned as president of 

LaBelle Iron Works, also has resigned as president 

of that company and from the Wheeling Steel Corporation, 

of which he was director and a member of 

the executive board. Mr. Kirk expects to take a 

much-needed rest after 26 years of continuous service, 

and has made no plans for the immediate future. 

WILLIAM A. LEONARD has been elected vice-president 

and general manager of the Imperial Brass Manufacturing 

Co., Chicago, well-known makers of Imperial 

oxy-acetylene welding equipment, Watrous 

plumbing supplies and a general line of automobile 

accessories and brasswork. Until recently Mr. Leonard 

was associated with Belding Brothers & Co., Chicago 

and New York, as organization and sales promotion 

manager. This election completes the sales organization 

of the Imperial Brass Manufacturing Co.. 

which ranks as one of the leading brass manufacturing 

concerns of the Middle West. 


THE CONTINENTAL HEATER CO., Dunkirk, N. Y., 

has awarded contract for the superstructure of the 

new two-story building at its plant on Otter Street, 

to the Dunkirk Mason & Contracting Co., 302 Central 

Avenue. It will be 31 x 60 ft. and is estimated to 


THE MCNAMARA BROTHERS CO., INC., Kloman 

Street, Westport, Md., manufacturer of tanks, boiler 

equipment, etc., will soon take bids for an addition, 

80 x 200 ft., to cost about $25,000. H. F. Doelmann, 

.507 North Charles Street, Baltimore, is architect. 

THE BUDD GRATE CO., 2013 East Latterly Street. 

Philadelphia, Pa., manufacturer of grates, grate bars, 

etc., has filed plans for a one-story building at 2011 

Adams Street. 

known as the Delaware Brass Co. The same interests 

control the Regent Brass Co., Marysville, Ohio.. It 

is stated that equipment amounting to $75,000 has 

been placed. 

THE VICTOR HEATER CO., Marshalltown, Iowa, 

manufacturer of lieaters and lieating equipment, has 

filed plans for three one-story additions, to provide 

about 18,000 sq. ft. of floor space. 

Mn. AND MRS. F. H. HILLIER of Cleveland, Ohio. THE MASSACHUSETTS BLOWER CO., Watertown,. 

recently made a visit to Pittsburgh and naturally ca.ne Mass., fans, blowers, heaters, etc., is operating a new 

in contact with the sheet metal contractors, spending machine and structural department for ornamental 

a very pleasant day. The trip also included a visit iron work, etc. C. V. Greene, who was connected with 

to Secretary J. B. Riley, whose health for some time the New England Structural Co., Boston, for 15 

has interfered with his activities. 

years, is in charge of the structural shop. The company 

employs about 100 men. 

E. H. EITEL of the Special Chemicals Co., Highland 

Park. 111., makers of Speco solid sal ammoniac THE W'ALSH & WEIDNER BOILER Co., Grove Street, 

and other soldering fluxes, read a paper before the Chattanooga, Tenn., manufacturer of boilers, tanks,- 

American Chemical Society Convention in Chicago. etc., has filed plans for a one-story foundry, 80 x 180 

ft., to cost about $15,000. 

THE ESSEX FOUNDRY, Murray Street, Newark, N. 

J., has taken out a permit for a one-story brick addition, 

60x152 ft., to cost about $20,000. It specializes 

in the manufacture of cast iron pipe. 

C. TRIPLETT & Co. is the name of a new firm at 

Coffeeville, Miss., which has engaged in the sheet 

metal and plumbing business under the name "Globe 

Sheet Metal Workers." Mr. Triplett is anxious to 

receive catalogs and trade literature from manufacturers 

and jobbers of plumbing, heating and sheet 

metal supplies. 

THE NEW JERSEY GAS & ELECTRIC APPLIANCE CO., 

Newark, N. J., recently incorporated to manufacture 

gas and electric apparatus, has leased property at 

361/2 New Street, for a plant. Max Gray and H. H 

Sklar head the company. 

The ''Ever Hot" Soldering Tool 

Convenience, efficiency and economy are the features 

to which the attention of sheet metal workers, 

plumbers and all others who do soldering, is called, 

by Belfry & Craighead, 1526 Tribune Building, Chicago, 

111., who have just put the "Ever Hot" solder- 

THE ECONOMY BOILER CO., Ann Arbor, Mich., has 

EVER HOT" SOLDERING TORCH 

completed plans for the erection of a one-story building 

on Main Street, 67 x 130 ft., to cost about $25,000. ing torch on the market. It is given this name bec 

it can be used continuously for 8 hr., is a time saver 

THE ERECTION OF A PLANT in Delaware, Ohio, for and especially desirable on roofing work. It can be 

the manufacture of plumbers' brass goods is being conveniently carried on job, as it weighs but 2 lb. and 

planned by interests associated with the Atlas Brass is only 16 in. long. 

Co., Cleveland. The new company will be incorpo It is designed for both light and heavy work and 

rated with a capital stock of $125,000 and will be copper tips are interchangeable for this purpose. By

SEPTEMBEH 17, 1920 METAL WORKER, PLUM 

leaving the tifj off the tool is converted into a blow 

torch, which has a pointed flame thereby concentrating 

the heat at the spot desired. 

When the tool is used as soldering torch, the flame 

is concentrated at the point. This is accomplished by 

the special outlet construction. Control of the flame 

and gas mixture is by means of an accurately seated 

needle valve. Gasoline is contained in the handle. 

which is a hollow brass tube, containing also small 

air pump to furnish pressure to force "gas" through 

wicking into pre-heating chamber where it is vaporized 

preparatory to its ignition. 

Simplicity of construction, ease of operation and 

continuity of service are the appeals made to practical 

men. Further particulars ma}-" be had by addressing 

Belfry & Craighead. 


THE JUNGERS STOVE & RANGE Co., Grafton, Wis., 

has plans for a three-story addition, 61 x 165 ft., of 

brick and concrete, with steel sash, to be used as a 

machine and assembling shop, warehouse, shipping 

room, etc. The investment in building and equipment 

will be about $65,000. 

THE KEELEY STOVE Co., Columbia. Pa., manufacturer 

of stoves, lieaters, ranges, etc., has increased its 

capital from $300,000 to $750,000. It is planning for 

the erection of a four-story and basement addition 

on North Second Street. 

THE PHILADELPHIA GAS RANGE Co., Thirteenth 

and Arch Street, Philadelphia, manufacturer of heating 

equipment, etc., has increased its capital from 

$50,000 to $100,000. 

THE COPPER CLAD STEEL CO., Arrott Building, 

Pittsburgh, Pa., is planning for an increase in its 

capital stock from $400,000 to $600,000. 

THE E. W. STEINHART CO., Eleventh Street, Indianapolis, 

Ind., has completed plans for a five-story 

automobile service and repair building, llOx 125 ft., 

on North Meridan Street, to cost about $400,000. 

RECENTLY SALES REPRESENTATIVES in the sash 

division of the Truscon Steel Co., Youngstown, Ohio, 

held their annual convention at the home office. Sessions 

were conducted at the company offices, with 

Gustave Kahn, general manager of sales, and George 

F. Bateson, manager of sash sales, in charge. 

THE GLOBE METAL PRODUCTS CORPORATION, Sheboygan, 

Wis., on September 1 placed in operation its 

new gray iron shop, 120x210 ft., erected and 

equipped at a cost of approximately $175,000. The 

cupola has a capacity of 75 tons in 24 hr. and is 

equipped with Wilbrahan-Green blowers and Sullivan 

compressor. The company is an outgrowth of the 

Globe Foundry & Machine Co., now known as the 

Globe Co. It will make soil pipe a chief product, but 

also do a jobbing business in gray iron castings. The 

officers are: President, G. F. Honold; vice-president, 

Frank Diehl; secretary, C. A. Gagner; treasurer, G. 

A. DeWilde, Jr. The authorized capital stock is 

$250,000. 

ER AND STEAM FITTER 383 

EMPLOYEES OF THE YOUNGSTOWN SHEET & TUBE 

Co. and the Brier Hill Steel Co, both of Youngstown, 

Ohio, enjoyed their annual field day programs on 

Labor Day. Officials of both companies participated. 

Roy Welsh, assistant to the president in charge of 

Industrial Relations, directed the Sheet & Tube^company 

outing at Campbell Park, while J. F. King, assistant 

to Warren F. Perry, manager of Industrial 

Relations, was chairman of the Brier Hill company 

field day at the Brier Hill athletic park. Cash prizes 

donated by the companies were awarded winners in 

athletic events. 

Injustice to Two Zinc Men 

Through one of those unfortunate errors that none 

escape, an injustice was done to two men in the pres- 

( ntation of the paper prepared for the American Zinc 

Institute by Professor A. C. Terrili of the University 

of Kansas with the portrait and name of another 

leader in the zinc industry. It was wholly an error 

with the sole purpose of advancing the interests for 

which both men are laboring and apology is made to 

both. 

It is to be regretted that through the error Arthur 

I). Terrili, general manager of the Mineral Point 

Zinc Co., Depue, 111., has been placed in a false position. 

There is, however, some compensation that 

tlirougli the activities of Professor A. C. Terrili, attention 

was attracted to him and he has been appointed 

to the professorship of geology in a Chinese university 

and is soon to leave to take up the work. 

A Milestone in Evolution of the Closet 


whole we are justified in the belief that, like many 

other happenings of business life, it will prove a blessing 

in disguise. In a few short years the move will 

prove its worth. There are still some few men in the 

business who will, where they can, cut a hole in a 

cast iron soil pipe, stick a piece of lead waste therein 

and then after slobbering a handful of Portland cement 

around it, have the effrontry to tell the customer 

it is a first-class job. There are still some men in that 

category. Happily for the trade and the public, they 

are getting fewer all the time. In a few short years 

the man who will set a closet in putty will be in 

the same class with the Portland cement joint 

wiper. This is as it should be, always onward 

and upward for betterments in plumbing installation. 

That is the irresistible trend of the time. We could 

not stop it if we would and should not stop it if we 

could. 

That the plumbing craft is met with the arbitrary 

stand of the potters—"We will make no more longhorn 

outlet closets whether you want them or not"— 

simply accelerates the improvement, which would come 

anyhow because it is a move in the right direction. It 

it bowling us over in sudden bewilderment but all our 

o-ood plumbers who now are stirred to antagonism will 

in a short time, realize the right of the movement and 

will hasten the good work because they are naturally 

progressive.

381 M E T A L W O R K E R , PLUMBER AXD STE A M F I T T E R SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 



Black und Galvanized Sheets—Box cars scarce, delivery delayed. 

Softer. 

Tin Plate—Production expanding. 

Tin—Dull and soft. 

SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 M E T A L WORKER, PI, I' M B E R A X 1) S T E A M F I T T E R 385 

Cast iron wheels 43.00 to 44.00 

Steel car axles 42.00 to 43.03 



Sheet bar ends (at origin) 31.50 to 32.00 






No.l railroad wrought 33.00 to '34.00 

Old Metal's, New York.— Prices are unchanged. The 

same quietness prevails, all metals apparently feeling the 

effect of the holiday week. Dealers' buying prices are as 

follows: 

Cents 

Copper, heavy and crucible 

per lb. 

15.25 

Copper, heavy and wires 14.25 



Brass, ligbt 7.00 





Lead, tea -. 5.00 

Zinc 5.25 

Old Metals, Chicago.— All markets are dull with further 

concessions in tin, lead and zinc and the buyers holding 

off. 








Lead pipe - 6.00 

Tea lead 5.00 


Block tin uipe 32.50 

Zinc " 4.00 


Old Metals, Boston.— Prices show a slowly downward 

tendency with the demand decidedly uncertain and the outlook 

for still further decreases. While prices remain practically 

the same as a week ago, the falling off in demand is 

expected to show decreased prices soon. Dealers are nominally 

paying as follows: 





Comp. turnings No. 1 12.50 to 1300 

Heavy Brass 8.50 to 9.00 


Zinc 5.00 to 5.50 

Pewter No. 1 34.00 to 36.00 

Clean east aluminum 22.00 to 22.50 



Old Rubber.— Dullness still pervades the old rubber 

market. Prices are but slightly changed. Wholesale dealers' 

buying quotations are: 

Boots and shoes 5J_ to 6 

Trimmed Arctics -i'/i to 4J4 

Auto tires 2 to 214 

Bicycle tires 1 to l_j 

Solid tires IJ. to 2J_ 

No. 1 inner tubes 10 to 11 

Mixed white scrap 4 to 4^_ 

Mixed Red scrap 3>_ to 4 

Mixed black scrap 1J_ to 2 

Coton fire hose VA to l'A 

Garden hose .4 to 1 

Old Rags.—Old rags are moving more briskly although 

a waiting position is still apparent. Prices are practically 

unchanged, although better prices are anticipated when 

more active mill buying begins. Wholesale dealers' prices 

are: ' N 

No. 1 whites $12.00 to $12.50 

No. 2 whites 5.50 to 6.00 





Paper Stock.—The paper stock market continues fairly 

active, with prices firm. Wholesale dealers' buying quotations 

for New York are: 





Black and Galvanized Sheets.—Scarcity of the lighter 

gages of sheets in most clemand continues to be a feature in 

this market. In the iiroducing centers a tendency toward 

lower prices is noted, but the scarcity of box cars, which 

are heing sent West to carry grain,'causes another complication 

in the railroad, which have been better for a while 

back. 

Tin Plate.— The clemand for bright plates having been 

well satisfied gives mills opportunity for producing more 

roofing plates in which there continues some interest as the 

price of other roofing materials show increased cost and 

without the value of terne plates for the purpose. 

Copper.—While the strength that has been developing 

for copper metal has not yet been reflected in rolling mill 

or other products, the market is strong. 

Tin.—The irregularities that have characterized the pig 

tin market continue and the metal has shown some reduction 

in price. 

Lead.— The disposition noted of shading the market has 

been confirmed antl quotations show a reduction of %c per 

pound. 

Zinc.— The feature of the market is the first substantial 

arrival of foreign zinc at this port and was quickly absorbed 

without having any appreciable effect upon the home market 

as the prices are so low as to be unprofitable. 

Antimony.—Confidence in an up-turn of the market because 

of a good demand is noted in this metal. 

Sheets, Pittsburgh.— The past fortnight has been 

marked by a considerable expansion in sheet mill operations 

and better delivery incident to this improvement, as well as 

the less urgent demand from the automobile industry, has 

resulted in somewhat less pressure for early tonnages. All 

makers are one to four months behind in their monthly 

quotas, but the maintenance of present steel supplies and 

operating conditions would mean considerably less of a 

carry-over from this year into 1921 than was estimated a 

short time ago. In so'me finishes, manufacturers are likely 

to complete present obligations before the end of the year. 

Makers are having some trouble in selling the heavier grades 

of blue annealed sheets for early delivery at higher than 

5.50c base. Mill operations are estimated at higher than 80 

per cent capacity. 

Tin Plate, Pittsburgh.— The market has taken on a 

somewhat quieter appearance due to the fact that the packing 

of perishable foods for this season largely is over and 

the demand for tin plate for this purpose consequently has 

tapered. This development makes possible the giving of 

more attention by manufacturers to the demands from other 

sources These requirements are large, for they have been 

sidetracked to a considerable extent, for perishable container 

needs, and the last quarter of the year ordinarily is a 

quiet one in the tin plate mills. This year promises to be 

an active period in the making up and shipping of general 

line tin plate. Decline in the automobile demand has resulted 

in a somewhat easier situation in long ternes, one ot 

the big uses of which is in the manufacture of automobile 

gasoline tanks. Better supplies of steel and improved railroad 

transportation conditions are reflected in increased null 

operations. Prices do not change much, hut the American 

Sheet & Tin Plate Co. probably will complete its present 

obligation earlier in 1921 than was expected a short time 

ago and this would make the company more of a factor in 

prices in first half tonnages than it otherwise would be. 


Dinseed Oil—The linseed oil market continues quiet, 

purchases being confined to small lots. Prices are practically 

unchanged. In lots of 5 bbl. and over, city raw American 

seed is quoted at .$1.25 and out-of-town raw American 

seed is quoted at $1.25. In lots of less than 5 bbl., 3c more 

per gallon is asked. Boiled oil brings 2c more per gallon 

than raw oil.


The Burt line comprises a suflicient 

variety of ventilator 

types to meet successfully the 

requirements on buildings of 

every description. 

As a Burt representative, your 

field is not limited to mills, 

shops, factories, and public 

buildings. Schools, theatres, 

stores, churches and the better 

class of residences all need efticient 

ventilation. 

Our 128-page catalog i s 

mailed on application. Write 

for it today. It is worth money 

to vou. 

BURTS 

for Every 

Requirement 

BURT SQUARE VENTILATOR 

This type of Ventilator has been designed to meet the requirements 

of your customers who prefer a Square Ventilator. 

This ventilator has at least 25 per cent greater area 

than a round ventilator of the same size. • Can be equipped 

with patented sliding sleeve damper or common flat 

clamper. This ventilator is furnished with glass top when 

desired, and when thus equipped becomes a combination 

skylight and ventilator. 


300 Main Street, Akron, Ohio, U. S. 

Geo. W. Reed & Co., Montreal 

Sole Manufacturers of "Burt" Ventilators for Canada 

Please quote METAL WORKER, PLUMBER AND STEAM FITTER V.

SEPTEMBER 17, 1930 M E T A L W O R K E R , P L U M B E R 

Spirits of Turpentine.— There is .little demand in the 

spirits of turpentine market. In machine barrels in yard, 

wholesale price is $1.50 per gallon. 

Rosin.— The rosin market is inactive. Prices are slightly 

increased. On the basis of 280 lb. to the barrel, the wholesale 

price of eornmon-to-good strained is .$14.00. Grade D 

is $14.00. 

Iron and Steel Pipe.—No special change is noted, 

either in prices or in general conditions. The National Tube 

Co. is operating practically all of its plants in full, but is 

piling more of its production than it is shipping. Independents 

in the Pittsburgh district and in Youngstown are 

making a fairly good showing, both as regards mill operations 

and shipments, but all are still far behind their orders 

and jobbers are exerting a good deal of pressure for shipments. 

A new composite oil country pipe card, patterned 

after that of the National Tube Co.,'has been issued by the 

independent companies. 

Foundry Coke.—So irregular are the car placements 

in the Connellsville region that the beehive oven coke market 

is extremely erratic, and price tendencies rarely are in 

the same direction for as long a period as 24 hours. Operators 

even this week regard $17.50 as a minimum price on 

standard furnace fuel, and are inclined to believe that so 

long as coal can be sold at $9 and $10 per ton, at mines, 

the likelihood is slight of a sharp break in prices. The 

recent adjustment of eoal mine and coke oven lagor wages 

made by the H. C. Frick Coke Co. and followed by other 

companies in the Connellsville district, it is figured, will 

add from 40c to 50c per ton to the cost of making coke. 

Few producers yet are shipping 100 per cent against contracts 

and, between the attempt to catch up with the obligations 

and the spot demands from outside points, accumulations 

in the region are small. Spot foundry coke are quotable 

from $17.50 to $18 generally, but selected 72-hr. fuel is 

not plentiful under $18.50. The contract market is at a 

standstill. First half of 1921 requirements are not being 

much considered, pending the more settled market in pig 

iron. 

Ryerson Machinery Quarterly 

The first issue of the Machinery Quarterly, a new 

addition to the lately inaugurated Ryerson Steel-Serviee 

Book, has just come from the press and is called 

to the attention of machinery users, so that they may 

become more familiar with the extent of the line handled 

by Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, Chicago, 111. 

It is a convenient, condensed method of presenting 

descriptive matter and gives a representative line of 

equipment, including one or more machines or tools of 

each of the various classes, with a brief description 

and specifications. The purpose of the quarterly is 

given in the introduction and it points out "that the 

line has grown so greatly and embraces such a varied 

range of equipment that a catalog would be extremely 

large and would contain a number of special machines 

for which the average buyer would hnve no room in 

his shop. 

Service is the aim of the company and it has 5 large 

plants, pictures of which are shown, and 11 branch 

offices in principal cities. 

An index is given and the following machinery is 

shown and described, engine lathes, heavy-duty 

planers, crank shapers, radial, sliding and stationary 

head drills, milling machines, grinding machines, 

power hammers, friction, band and power hack saws. 

Other machines shown are: inclinable power presses, 

hand bending breaks, power punch and shears, alligator, 

slitting, squaring, serpentine shears, bending 

rolls, tube and pipe-cutting machines, wire nail machines, 

welding outfits, portable electric drills, hand 

punches, angle shears, power and chain hoists, bar 

benders and flue expanders. 

Then so the buyer will not forget where all these 

machines and tools can be had, the branch office adi 

,„.. „~A tolenhone numbers are given. 

A N D STEAM FITTER 387 

FROST-PROOF 

CLOSETS 




Your customers who are postponing 

new building operations will be glad 




yard. 






No pit needed. 




Wilmington 

Delaware 

Terne Plates 

Have been scarce but not 

with us. We are prepared to 

quote for shipment from stock 

or later delivery on all grades 

from 8 pound to 40 pound 

coating. Submit to us your 

specifications. 

N. &G. TAYLOR CO. 

300 CHESTNUT STREET 

Philadelphia, Pa.

38b 










SEPTEMBER 17, 1920 



As there are many consumers whose requirements are not sufficiently heavj 





ALUMINUM- 



100-lb. lots—37 to 39c 

ANTIMONY— 

Chinese and Japanese, per Ib. 

_~ .„ 9c to 10c 

BRASS, ROLL AND SHEET- 

£.f_„E rice Nominal 

BISMUTH— 

Per lb $4.00 to $4 50 

CONDUCTORS- 

Corrugated- 




Copper 10% 


Galvanized 20c_> 

Spiral Riveted— '" 




Conductor.) 

CONDUCTORS, STRAINERS- 


COPPER— 

Lake ingot 21-215_c 


Casting .191/ _;;0c 

COPPER SHEETS 


lb., 29Hc mill. 

H 

5 in 4.25 4.05 3.00 ROSIN— 

5_j in 4.90 4.50 3.50 Common to good strained (whole 

6 in 5.05 4.75 4.00 sale). 2X1 lbs.. per bbl $14.00 

7 in 6.50 7.50 SHEETS— 




Cents per lb. 

Plain Round and Corrugated- No. 10, per Ib 6.50-8.10 

All sizes up to 6 in 

Square— 

5C% No. 

Xo. 

12, per lb 

14, per lb 

6.55-8.15 

6.60-8.20 


Copper- 

No. Black— One Pass. C. R. 

All sizes Net List No. 22 to 24, per lb Soft 8.85-10.85 Steel 

Furnace Pipe and Fittings- 

No. 18 26, to 

per lb 8.90-10.90 

20, per lb 8.80-10.8O 

Standard list.-Prices on application No. 27, per lb 8.95-10.95 

LEAD— 

No. 28, per lb 9.00-11.00 

American Pig. per lb. ..10c to lie No. 29, per lb 9.05-11.05 

Bar. per lb 11'._ to 12c No. 30, per lb 9.25-11.25 

METAL LATH— 


10c higher 




20 gauge 11.60 

Leads— 

22 and 24 gauge 11.70 

Lead, American White, in Oil, 

26 gauge 11.80 

kegs less than 500 lbs., 15"/3c 

28 gauge 12.00 


Galvanized— 

pails; add to keg price %c 

Cents per lb. 


Nos. 12 and 14 9.10-11.10 

lbs., 15c 

No. 16 9.25-11.25 

Dry Colors- 

Nos. 18 and 20 9.40-11.40 


Nos. 22 and 24 9.25-11.55 

Per 100 lbs., 2y2 to 5c 

No. 26 9.70-11.70 


No. 27 9.85-11.85 

48 in. Brown, per ton $32.00 to $36.00 

No. 28 10.00-12.00 

to Red, per ton 35.00 40.00 

No. 30 10.50-13.00 

From stock 31c to 33c in 100 lb. 96. lots in. Oils- 


and over. 

sq. ft. Linseed City Raw $1.25 

20c higher 

For less than 100-lb. lots, 2c per 7c Ib Linseed, Boiled, advance, per 


advance. 

6c gal 2c 

2!_ in. corrugations, 30 per 100 lbs. 

Colled Rolled, 2c 14 and heavier 9c Out of Town American Seed 


per lb. advance over hot rolled more at $1.25 


Polished— 48 jn. 24 oz. Spirits Turpentine- 


long 

in Machine Bbl $1.50 

2J_-in. Corrugation 

and Over PUTTY— 

No. 22, per 100 sq. ft. 

less 96.in. Pure tubs, 120 lbs., per lb 4.50c 

No. 24, per 100 sq. ft. 

sq. ft. sq. ft. In 1-lb to 5-lb. tins, 6.00 to 7.35c 

No. 26, per 100 sq. ft. 


No. 28, per 100 sq. ft. 




F. O. B. cars. Quarry Station. 

Planished, l;_c per sq. ft White Japan or Electro plate and 

Per Square 



According 

Bottom, Pitts and Flats, 





Tinning— 96 jn. 

larger 40% 

No. 1 Bang. Ribbon... 8.00 to 9 00 

long 


Pen Argyl 7.75 t0 

and 

825 



less 



„ . sq. ft. 


Vermont- 

20 in. wide and under 5c 


No- 1 Sea Green $5.00 to $8.50 

Over 20 in. to 48 in. wide 6c 




or Electroplate in Cast Iron Plain K 

, 22.00 



Maine— 


Brownsville, Unfading Black 



CoPPer HAYNES SELLING .' w% ROOFING COMPANY 

c, 

MATERIAL— 


Lan ,,r Slip Joint, 20'i from double 

$102.00 

licit. 


CHARCOAL Heating STOVE Specialists PIPE 


ELBOWS— 


. . No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 


* ,">: $4.00 $3.90$ 2.75 


*'7i 

Modulated 

m 

and 

4.10 

Vacuum 

3.95 

Heating 

2.85 

Systems 


Adapted for all Types 

Open 

of 

per 

Buildings 

lb 15c 

No - 1 ••• $14.00 

Slaters felt, 30-lb roll .00 

SOLDER- 4 °- Ibr0 " 2 ' 25 


private brands very according tocomposition. 


Yaeger's Salts; 


5-lb cans, each $3.00 


Gallon $1.25

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