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146 8 given sample of harZburgite. AHremolite replaces cnnccvrcxene. whereas edenitic amph ibole and phlogopite occur in textura l disequi lib rium with spinel. This suggest s that tne At requi red in metasomatic reactions w as provided dominantly by the phase being replaced, and does not relat e to t he volume of flui d involved when t he vo lume is relatively small. When fluid vol umes are large , as indica ted by extensive metasomatism, the chemistry of amphibole corre lates with the volume of flui d taest . 19741. 5.5 . 1b Sodium and Pota ssium in Hydr ous Phase. Rat ios of Na/K of the flui d change thro ugh fractionation and react ion . A fea t ure of this is the lonal d istl ibu ti on of hydrous phases in grains of Cr spine l, where phtogopite occ urs in the core and Ca·amphibole at the rim (Figs. 2.9 and 2.33 1. On a much larger sca le, Arai (198 6) attributed decreasing phlogopite/amphibole ratios in up per mant le peridoti tes to fractionation of rising metasomatic fluids. Similarly, K/IK+ Na) ralios of phlogopit es in the Hcroman Peridotite ccrrciex . Japa n, reflect this fractio nation (Arai and Takahashi, 1989 ). The var iation of Na + K (fo rmula units) and Mg' of Ca-amph ibole (Fig. 5.1bl . demo nstrates that Na + K in HAlPPG is controlled by t hat of the parent magma lpargasite in amphibolite dykes has Na+K "O.874 formula unitsl . whereas Mg' is controlled largely by the Mgl of l AlPP which HAlPP G replace d . The same conclusion w as reached in Chapte r 4 , where the Mg' of oli vine in HAL gabbros was hig her than excecteo for the alkali conten t of
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FRONTISPIECE Dawn breaks over base
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ABSTRACT An extremely hete rogen eo
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It gives me greal
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eceived from the Tirnotnv Jefferson
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I .S AREA OF STUDY 1.5 .1 Reg ional
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5 .5 .2 Rare earth elements 5 .5 .3
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TABLE A3 .4 . Amphibo le analyses T
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FIGU RE 2.8. DiseQuilibriu m te x t
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FIGURE 3.2 . Compo sitiona l variat
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km kV 1 L, LAL LAL PP LOO LAEE m Ma
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1.1 GEN ERA L STAT EMENT Chapte r 1
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U pper ma ntle matenal is described
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process is convnonly accompanied by
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{W ilshire, 19841. Th e second type
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1.4 OBJEC TIV ES A ND AP PROAC H Th
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[Matlinson, 197 5; Jenner 1111.•
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and clinopyroxene plot in t .......
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perp end icula r to thei r fo liati
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cnnccvrcxeoe (Fig. 2.41. A rela ti
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(Fig. 2.101. C,·spinel (:5 4 mml i
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margi ns have been identified. Clin
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amph Ibole has replac ed. Tabular g
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clinop y roxen e or Ca-amphibole an
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with.!l w eak renee fab riC iFig. 2
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olivi ne and C ' ·spinel. Oliv ine
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wh ich clino py roxenil e precip it
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2 .4 HIGH ·A! PERIDOTITES, PYROXEN
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2.4 .2 HAL WehMite, Olivine Cfinopy
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2.4.2b Petrography 53 The feature s
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pressures of 8 kbar It l 100· 1300
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obse rved in l ones of int eract iO
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8 spreading env ironment, teencs of
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2.5 .3 The Importance of Thrusting
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3.2 MINERAL CHEMISTRY Unless stated
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composit ion from low Crl , high M
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are signif iCantly more altered t h
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3 .2.7 Summary M ineral chemistry,
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3.3.2 Rat. Earth elem.nts Abso lute
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pa tt erns. No su lphide is obs erv
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3.4.3 Plat inum Gr oup Element s 88
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y Duncan an d Green t 198 71. Many
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Cr-spineland silic ate phases . or
Page 121: Sig nificant var iations are ...pec
Page 124 and 125: !U al. ( 1 9 82), residua l d un it
Page 127 and 128: 10 1 a hydrous magma with abundance
Page 130 and 131: 104 melt ing . Alternativ e ly . !l
Page 132: 106 Dunca n and Green 119871 demo n
Page 136 and 137: 3 . ' 1 SUMMARY 110 Three partial m
Page 138 and 139: Chapter 4 CHEMISTRY AND PETROGENESI
Page 142: 11 6 pres ented in this sect ion .
Page 145: 119 A no ther Strik ing feature of
Page 148: 122 of cunoov rcxene bef ore plag i
Page 153 and 154: 127 olivine and o rthopyroxene in L
Page 158 and 159: 132 oceanic thrusting and obducti o
Page 161: w enrures in ophiolite sequences. t
Page 165 and 166: K ushirc , 19 74); Ihe conseq uence
Page 168 and 169: '42 in equilibrium with haf zburgit
Page 171: 5.5 .' Miner al A ssembl ages and A
Page 175 and 176: 149 defining the com position of a
Page 177 and 178: 151 The compOsitions ol l'1ydr ous
Page 179 and 180: 153 fluid processes leading to the
Page 181 and 182: 155 metasomatized at 5-9 kbar in th
Page 183 and 184: 6 .2 .1 Procuses in the Mantle Wedg
Page 185 and 186: REFERENCES ALABASTER, T., PEARCE, J
Page 187 and 188: 161 BENCE. A . E. & ALBEE, A. l. 19
Page 189: 163 BOYD, F. R. & NIXON, P. H. 19 7
Page 193 and 194: 167 DeP AOLO. D. J . 1981. Trace el
Page 195 and 196: 169 El THON, 0 ., KARSON , J . A. ,
Page 197: 17 1 GIRAADEA U, J . 1982 . Tectoni
Page 200 and 201: 174 lAVIN E, T. N. 1976. Chromite c
Page 202 and 203: 17" J OHAN, Z., DUNLOP, H., Le BEL,
Page 206: 180 LOOMIS . T. P. & GOTTSCHALK. A.
Page 209 and 210: '.3 MERCIER. J .·C. 198 5. Ouvoes
Page 213 and 214: 187 OZA.WA., K. 198 8 . un remeue t
Page 215: 189 QUICK, J . E. 19 81 b . Petr o
Page 219 and 220: 193 SPERA, F. J. 1987 . Dynamics of
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196 WA LCOTT. R. I. 1969 Geology of
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A U M INER AL ANAL YSES A ppe ndix
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20 3 Accuracy a nd pre cision ere g
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ccoceotraucn of samp le in solution
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208 of runs 182 and 0 24 , rang es
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210 and any breaks in th e pattern
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A l.5 WHOLE-ROCK PLA TIN UM GROUP E
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214 SJE-L254 Dunite containing orth
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AJ .l GENERAL STATEMENT Appendix 3
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% ave rage OPXT I. (iiI Pd and lr P
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ia lSi 7\ sy f\ \ 4a
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3 111.1t' an d ,:" Jorn,n,n l 5 8 "
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MA GMATIC AND FLUID PROCESSES IN TH
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LIST OF FIGURES VOLUME II: Tables a
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FIGURE 3 .2. Compositional ....mati
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FIGURE 1.3 . In-snu formation of du
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BAY OF ISLANDS OPHIOLITE COMPLEX FI
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FIGURE 2.3. Type I orthopyroxenite
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FIGURE 2 .5 . Part ia lly recrys ta
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FIGURE 2 .7 . Oliv ine-orthopyroxen
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15 FIGURE 2 .9 . Rec ryst allized g
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1 7 FIGURE 2.1 ' . Chain te xtu re
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FIGURE 2.14. Cumulate texture exhi
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FIGURE 2.16. Parallel intergrowth o
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FIGURE 2.18. Clinopyroxene (green-y
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FIGURE 2.20. Orthopyroxene cut by s
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FIGURE 2.23. Orthopyroxene (yellow
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FIGURE 2 .25 . Web texture exhibite
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FIGURE 2.27 . Boudin of websterite
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FIGURE 2.29. Monomineralic bands of
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FIGURE 2.32. Well equi librated mos
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FIGURE 2.34. Modal layering of AI-s
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FIGURE 2 .36 . Chain texture exhibi
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44 FIGURE 2.38. Al-splne l conta in
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FIGURE 2 .39. HAL gabbro dyke (whit
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FIGURE 2.41 . Reduction in grain si
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FIGURE 2.44. Interstitia l clinopyr
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52 FIGURE 2.4 6 . Xen oliths of har
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FIGURE 2.48. Veins of HAL olivine c
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16 800 900 1000 Temperature (o C) 1
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Na20+K20 / ! / cso FeQ(t) ;, / / '
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143
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