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'.2 SHIGA. Y. 19 87. Behaviou r o f iron, nickel. cob alt and sulfur dur ing serp enti nizatio n, w ith ref erence 10 the Ha -scr ne ultra maf ic rocks o f the Kama ish i Mini ng Distr ict . Nort heastern Japan . Canadian Mine ralogist, 25.61 1·624. SINHA , A . K.• H EW ITI. O. A . & RIMSTlOT, J . D. 1986 . Fluid interaction and element mobilit y in t he development of ultr amylonit es. Gpology. 14, 883-886 . SINIGOI, S., COMIN·CHIARA MONT I. P.• DEMARCHI, G. & SIENA, f' . 19 83. Dilferenlia tio n of part ial melts in t he mant le: ev ide nce f rom th e Balm ucc ia Per idotite , Italy . Co ntr ibut ions to M ir,eralogy and Penology, 82 ,351·359. SINTON, J . 19 7 7. Equ ilib ratio n hi sto ry of the basal alpin e-type peridotit e, Red Mou ntain, New Zealand. Journal of Petrolopv , 18, 216-246 . SLEEP. N . H. 1974. Segregation of magma fro m a mostly c rvstamoe m ush. Geo log ical Soc iety of Ame rica Bulle ti n. 85 , 122 5·1232. SMEW ING , .I. D. & POTTS, P. J . 1916. Rare earth abundances in ba salts and met abasatts f rom the Troodos Massif . Cyp rus. Contribut ions to M ineralogv and Petro logv , 57 , 245 ·258. SM ITH . C. H. 1958 . Bay of Islands Igneous Com plex, Wes tern Newfound land . Geo logical Survey of Canada Memoir 290. 13 2 p . SM ITH, S. E. & ELTH a N. D. 1988. Mineral compositions o f plutonic rocks f ro m the Le w is Hills Massif , Bay of Islands Ophiolit"!. Jo urnal or Geophysical Research, 93 . 34 50-3468 . SPENCE. D. A . .!IITU RCOTT E. O. L. 1990 . Buovancy-driven magma fracture: a mechanism fo r ascent th rough the litho sph ere and t he emplacement of diamonds. J ournal of Geophysica l Research, 95 . 5 133-5 139 . SPERA, F. J . 1980. Aspec ts of magma transport. In; HARGRA VES, R. B. le d .), Physics of Magmat ic Proces ses . Princet on Un iversi ty Press . Princeto n. 265-323 .
193 SPERA, F. J. 1987 . Dynamics of neoshthosp nenc migra tion of metasomatic fluid and alkalin e magma. In: MENZIES, M. A. & HAWKESWORTH , C. J . teos.t . Mantle Metasomatism. AcademiC Press. london, 1·20 . SPRAY. J. G . 1982. M al ic segregations in ophiolite mantle sequences. Nature . 299, 524 -528. SPRAY, J . G. 198 9 . Upper rnentte segregation processes: evidence Irom alpine -type pe rido tites. In: SAUNDERS. A. D. & NORRY, M. J . Ieos.l. M agmat ism in the Oce an Basins . Geologic31 Sccietv 01 London Specia l Publication 42 . Blackw ell, Odord, 29-40. STEVENS. R. K. 1970. Cambro- Ordov ician nvscn sedimentation and tectonics in west Newfoundland and their poss ible bearing on a proto-At lantic Ocean . Geo log ical Assoc iatio n of Canada scecter Paper 7, 165 -177. STEWA RT, D. C. & BOETTC HER, A. L. 19 77 . Chemi calgradienls in man tle xe noliths. Geologic?1 Soc iety 01 America, Abstracts w ith Program s, 9 , 1 191- 1 192 . STOCKMAN, H. W . 190 2. Noble metals in the Ronda and Josephine pe rido tites . Unpublished Ph.D. thesis , M assachusett s Inst itu te 01 Technology , 1&0 p. STOLPER, [ . 1980 , A phase diagram for mid-ocean ridge basalts; prf'limlOary result s and im plicat ions lor petrogenesis. Contributions to M iner alogy and Pet ro logy , 74, 13-27. STOSCH. H.-G. 1982. Rare earth element partitioning between minera ls teem anhydrous spine l peridotite xenoliths. ceccmesee et cosrnoctnmrca Acta, 46 , 79 3-8 1 1. STOSCH , H.-G. & SECK, H. A . 19BO. Geochemistry and m ineralogy 0 1 t VJO sp:nel peridot ite suites trom nr etser We iher, West Germany. Geocmrmce et Cosmochimica Acta, 44, 4 57 -470. STRECK[ ISEN, A. 1976. To each plutonic rock it s pro oer name. Earth Science Review s, 12 , 1-3 3 .
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FRONTISPIECE Dawn breaks over base
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ABSTRACT An extremely hete rogen eo
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It gives me greal
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eceived from the Tirnotnv Jefferson
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I .S AREA OF STUDY 1.5 .1 Reg ional
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5 .5 .2 Rare earth elements 5 .5 .3
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TABLE A3 .4 . Amphibo le analyses T
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FIGU RE 2.8. DiseQuilibriu m te x t
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FIGURE 3.2 . Compo sitiona l variat
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km kV 1 L, LAL LAL PP LOO LAEE m Ma
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1.1 GEN ERA L STAT EMENT Chapte r 1
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U pper ma ntle matenal is described
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process is convnonly accompanied by
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{W ilshire, 19841. Th e second type
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1.4 OBJEC TIV ES A ND AP PROAC H Th
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[Matlinson, 197 5; Jenner 1111.•
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and clinopyroxene plot in t .......
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perp end icula r to thei r fo liati
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cnnccvrcxeoe (Fig. 2.41. A rela ti
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(Fig. 2.101. C,·spinel (:5 4 mml i
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margi ns have been identified. Clin
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amph Ibole has replac ed. Tabular g
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clinop y roxen e or Ca-amphibole an
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with.!l w eak renee fab riC iFig. 2
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olivi ne and C ' ·spinel. Oliv ine
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wh ich clino py roxenil e precip it
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2 .4 HIGH ·A! PERIDOTITES, PYROXEN
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2.4 .2 HAL WehMite, Olivine Cfinopy
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2.4.2b Petrography 53 The feature s
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pressures of 8 kbar It l 100· 1300
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obse rved in l ones of int eract iO
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8 spreading env ironment, teencs of
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2.5 .3 The Importance of Thrusting
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3.2 MINERAL CHEMISTRY Unless stated
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composit ion from low Crl , high M
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are signif iCantly more altered t h
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3 .2.7 Summary M ineral chemistry,
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3.3.2 Rat. Earth elem.nts Abso lute
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pa tt erns. No su lphide is obs erv
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3.4.3 Plat inum Gr oup Element s 88
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y Duncan an d Green t 198 71. Many
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Cr-spineland silic ate phases . or
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Sig nificant var iations are ...pec
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!U al. ( 1 9 82), residua l d un it
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10 1 a hydrous magma with abundance
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104 melt ing . Alternativ e ly . !l
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106 Dunca n and Green 119871 demo n
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3 . ' 1 SUMMARY 110 Three partial m
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Chapter 4 CHEMISTRY AND PETROGENESI
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11 6 pres ented in this sect ion .
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119 A no ther Strik ing feature of
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122 of cunoov rcxene bef ore plag i
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127 olivine and o rthopyroxene in L
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132 oceanic thrusting and obducti o
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w enrures in ophiolite sequences. t
Page 165 and 166: K ushirc , 19 74); Ihe conseq uence
Page 168 and 169: '42 in equilibrium with haf zburgit
Page 171 and 172: 5.5 .' Miner al A ssembl ages and A
Page 174 and 175: 148 Eu-enriched IOPXT Ill . This is
Page 176 and 177: 5 .6 TRANSPORT OF FLUID 150 Magmati
Page 178 and 179: 152 especially Os, lr , Ru and Rh,
Page 180 and 181: Chapter 6 SUMMARY 6.1 CONCLUSION S
Page 182 and 183: 156 that had previously fractionate
Page 184 and 185: 158 which formed over 8 period of t
Page 186 and 187: 160 ARCHIBALD . O. A. & FARRAR. E.
Page 188 and 189: 162 BeUClER, F. 1978. Struc ture an
Page 191: 165 CHURCH. W. A. 197 2 . Ophio lit
Page 194 and 195: '" DUNCAN. R. A. & GREEN. D. H. 198
Page 196 and 197: 170 FOX , P. J ., DETRICK, R. S. &
Page 199 and 200: 173 HERTOGEN. J ., JA NSSENS, M .-J
Page 201 and 202: 175 JACK SON, S. E., FRYER, B. J .,
Page 203: 177 I
Page 208 and 209: ,.2 McCULLOC H, M. T . & CAMERON, W
Page 210: 184 MOOR ES. E. M. & VINE. F. J . 1
Page 214 and 215: 188 PEDERSEN, R. B. & M ALPAS. J .
Page 220: 194 SUEN , C . J., FREY, F. A . & M
Page 223: 19 7 W ILLIAMS . H . 19 79 . A ppal
Page 228 and 229: A 1.2.3 Samples Analy sod at th e C
Page 230: 20 4 analysed by lCP -MS were calib
Page 233 and 234: 207 a 125 ml t efl on bo tt le, add
Page 235 and 236: 209 contamination . The CNREE patte
Page 237 and 238: 211 Unlike the procedure used to an
Page 239 and 240: A 2 .1 GENERA L STATEMENT Appendix
Page 242: "6 SJE -1093 Weh rlite (W I. SJE -L
Page 247 and 248: Appendix 5 ORTHOPYROXENE IN HARZBUR
Page 249: Appendix 6 PUBLISHED MATERIAL RELEV
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1a 5 / / / LALPP: Harzburqrte and !
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3 ta '- "-....? y.----..\ /'2' 3 :
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TABLE A3 .4. Amphib ole e naivses T
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FIGURE 2.8 . Disequilibrium texture
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FIGURE 4 .1. Com posit ion al varia
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FIGU RE 1.4 . Genera lized geologic
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FIGURE 2. 1. Geological map of the
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FIGURE 2.4. Bands of serpentinized
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FIGURE 2.6 . Impregnated orthopyrox
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14 FIGURE 2.8 . Disequilibrium text
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FIGURE 2. 10. Grain of Ca-amphibole
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FIGURE 2.12. Multiple F 1 folds in
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FIGURE 2.15. Thin bands of Cr-spine
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FIGURE 2.17. Embayment of ol ivine
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FIGURE 2.19 . Tremolite (blue, purp
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FIGURE 2.22. Irregular grain bounda
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FIGURE 2.24. Clinopyroxene (deep or
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FIGURE 2.26. Vein of LAL elino pyro
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FIGURE 2.28 . Cr-spinel host ing in
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FIGURE 2.31 . Enclaves of type I or
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FIGURE 2 .33 . (a) Sieve texture in
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FIGURE 2.35. Band of fine grained A
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FIGURE 2 .37. Protrusion of AI-spin
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44 FIGURE 2.38. AI-spinel contai ni
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FIGURE 2.40. HAL wehrlite (top left
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FIGURE 2.42. Dunit ic portion of a
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FIGU RE 2.45. Large poikilitic grai
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53 FIGURE 2 .4 7. Irregular HA L c
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FIGURE 2.49 . Assemblage of HA L ol
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67 FIGUR E 3 .6 . cnonente-oormanee
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'"\ M, _ 81 FIGURE 4 .7 . Compositi
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