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174 lAVIN E, T. N. 1976. Chromite crystallization in the jo in Mg)SiO. -CaMgSi 10 , + CaA I 1Si10. -MgCr 10.-SiOl ' Carnegie Insti tut ion of Washington Year f1f)ok 76, 465·472 . IRVINE, T. N . 1980. Magmatic infiltration metasomatism. double-diff usive t ractional crystallizat ion , and adcumulus growth in the M uslt:ox Intrusion and other layered intrusions. In : HARGRAV ES, R. B. (ed.). Physics of Magmatic Processes. Princet on University Press. Princeton, 325 -383 . IRVING. A . J . 1990 . Petrology and geochemis try of composite ult ramafic xenoliths in alkalic basalts and imp licat ions f or magmatic proce sses w ith in t he mant le . Ame rican Journal 01 Science, 2S0 -A, 389-426 . IRVING, A. J . & FREY, F. A. 1984 . Trace element abundan ces in megacrysts and their host basalts : constrai nts on partition coeffici ents and megacrv st genesis. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , 48, 1201 -1221 . ISHIWA TAAI. A. 1985a , Igneous petro genesis of the Yakuno Ophio lite (Japan) in the conte xt of the divers it y of ophiolites , Contr ibutio ns to Mineralogy and Perrotcgv. 89 . 155 ·167 . ISHIW A TARI. A. 1985b . Granuli te·fa cies metacumu lates of the va kunc Ophiolite, Japan: evi dence for unusually thick oc eanic crust. Journal of Petrolog v. 26. 1-30 . JACKSON , E. D. 1961. Primary textures and mineral associations in the ultrama fic zone of the Stillwater Complex. Mo ntana . United States GeOlogical Survey Professiona l Paper 358 , 100 p. JACKSON, E. D. 1969. Chemical variation in coexisting cnrorrute and olivine in ct ucmrnte zones of the Stillw ater Complex . Economic Geologv Mo nographs. 4,61-7 5. JACKSON . E. D. & THAYER, T. P, 1972. Some criteria for disti nguishing between stratiform , concentric and alpine peridotite-gabbro comp lexes. 24 th In ternational Geological Congress. Section 2. 289-296 . J ACKSON, E. D., GREEN, H, W . & MOORCS. E. M . 1975 . The Vourinos oph iolite . Greece: cy cli c units of lineated cumulates overly ing harzburgite te ctonite. Geological scc tetv of America BUlletin, 86 . 390 -398 .
175 JACK SON, S. E., FRYER, B. J ., GOSSE. W " HEALEY. O. C.• lONGERICH, H P. & STRONG, D. F. 1990 . Determination of the precious metals in geological ma terials by induct ively coup led plasma -mass spectrometry nCp·MSI with nickel sulph ide fire as\ay collection and tellurium coo recie ueuon . Chemical Geology. 83, 119· 132 . JACOBSEN. S. B. & WASS ERBUAG. G. J . 1979. Nd end Sf isotopic study ot the Bay of Islands Ophiolite ccmcrex and the evolu tion of the source 01 midocean ridge basalts . Journal of Geophysical Research, 84 , 7429 · 744 5. JAGQ UTZ, E., PALME . H., BADOENHA USEN. H.• BLUM, K., CENOA lES . M., DREIBUS, G., 5PETIEl , B., LORENZ. V. & WANKE, H. 19 79. The abundances o f major. minor and trace elements in the earth ' s mantle as derived from primitive ultramafic nodules . Proceedings 01 tne 10 ltllunar and Planetary Science Conference . 203 1·2050 . JA.t: . M . Q . & WIND LEY. B. F. 1990. Ctlromia n sctoei-smce re chemistrv in ultramafi c roc ks of the Jijal Comp lex. nort hwest Pakistan. Jo urnal 01 Petrology. 3 1.667-715. J AQUES. A . l. & CHAPPELL. B. W. 1980 . Petrology and trace element geochemistry ct tne Pec uen Ultramafic Belt . Contr ibutions to M ineralogv and Petrology . 75. 55-70 . JA QUES. A . l . & GREEN. O. H. 19 80 . An hydro us melting of perido t ite at 0 ·15 kb pressu re and the genes is of tholeiitic basalts . cootncuuons to Minera logy and Petr ologV, 73. 287 -310 . JENKINS, O. M . 1983. Stability and ccmpcsmcn relations 01 calcic ampmboles in ultramafic rocks . Contr ibutions t o Mineralogv and Peuology , 83. 37 5· 3 84. JENNER, G. A . 198 1. Geochem istrv of high ·Mg aoeesrtes from Cape Vogel, northern Papua New Guinea. Chem ical Geologv, 33 . 307 ·3 32. JENNER. G. I. ., DUNNING. G. R.. MA lPAS. J., BROWN. M . & BRACE. T . {in press) . Bay 01 tstanes and Litt le Po rt complexes , revisit ed; age. geoche m ical and isoto pic evide nce confi rm supra-subduction lone origin . Cana dian Jour nal Of Earth Sc iences.
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FRONTISPIECE Dawn breaks over base
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ABSTRACT An extremely hete rogen eo
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It gives me greal
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eceived from the Tirnotnv Jefferson
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I .S AREA OF STUDY 1.5 .1 Reg ional
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5 .5 .2 Rare earth elements 5 .5 .3
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TABLE A3 .4 . Amphibo le analyses T
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FIGU RE 2.8. DiseQuilibriu m te x t
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FIGURE 3.2 . Compo sitiona l variat
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km kV 1 L, LAL LAL PP LOO LAEE m Ma
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1.1 GEN ERA L STAT EMENT Chapte r 1
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U pper ma ntle matenal is described
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process is convnonly accompanied by
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{W ilshire, 19841. Th e second type
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1.4 OBJEC TIV ES A ND AP PROAC H Th
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[Matlinson, 197 5; Jenner 1111.•
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and clinopyroxene plot in t .......
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perp end icula r to thei r fo liati
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cnnccvrcxeoe (Fig. 2.41. A rela ti
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(Fig. 2.101. C,·spinel (:5 4 mml i
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margi ns have been identified. Clin
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amph Ibole has replac ed. Tabular g
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clinop y roxen e or Ca-amphibole an
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with.!l w eak renee fab riC iFig. 2
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olivi ne and C ' ·spinel. Oliv ine
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wh ich clino py roxenil e precip it
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2 .4 HIGH ·A! PERIDOTITES, PYROXEN
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2.4 .2 HAL WehMite, Olivine Cfinopy
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2.4.2b Petrography 53 The feature s
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pressures of 8 kbar It l 100· 1300
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obse rved in l ones of int eract iO
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8 spreading env ironment, teencs of
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2.5 .3 The Importance of Thrusting
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3.2 MINERAL CHEMISTRY Unless stated
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composit ion from low Crl , high M
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are signif iCantly more altered t h
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3 .2.7 Summary M ineral chemistry,
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3.3.2 Rat. Earth elem.nts Abso lute
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pa tt erns. No su lphide is obs erv
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3.4.3 Plat inum Gr oup Element s 88
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y Duncan an d Green t 198 71. Many
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Cr-spineland silic ate phases . or
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Sig nificant var iations are ...pec
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!U al. ( 1 9 82), residua l d un it
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10 1 a hydrous magma with abundance
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104 melt ing . Alternativ e ly . !l
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106 Dunca n and Green 119871 demo n
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3 . ' 1 SUMMARY 110 Three partial m
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Chapter 4 CHEMISTRY AND PETROGENESI
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11 6 pres ented in this sect ion .
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119 A no ther Strik ing feature of
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122 of cunoov rcxene bef ore plag i
Page 153 and 154: 127 olivine and o rthopyroxene in L
Page 158 and 159: 132 oceanic thrusting and obducti o
Page 161: w enrures in ophiolite sequences. t
Page 165 and 166: K ushirc , 19 74); Ihe conseq uence
Page 168 and 169: '42 in equilibrium with haf zburgit
Page 171 and 172: 5.5 .' Miner al A ssembl ages and A
Page 174 and 175: 148 Eu-enriched IOPXT Ill . This is
Page 176 and 177: 5 .6 TRANSPORT OF FLUID 150 Magmati
Page 178 and 179: 152 especially Os, lr , Ru and Rh,
Page 180 and 181: Chapter 6 SUMMARY 6.1 CONCLUSION S
Page 182 and 183: 156 that had previously fractionate
Page 184 and 185: 158 which formed over 8 period of t
Page 186 and 187: 160 ARCHIBALD . O. A. & FARRAR. E.
Page 188 and 189: 162 BeUClER, F. 1978. Struc ture an
Page 191: 165 CHURCH. W. A. 197 2 . Ophio lit
Page 194 and 195: '" DUNCAN. R. A. & GREEN. D. H. 198
Page 196 and 197: 170 FOX , P. J ., DETRICK, R. S. &
Page 199: 173 HERTOGEN. J ., JA NSSENS, M .-J
Page 203: 177 I
Page 208 and 209: ,.2 McCULLOC H, M. T . & CAMERON, W
Page 210: 184 MOOR ES. E. M. & VINE. F. J . 1
Page 214 and 215: 188 PEDERSEN, R. B. & M ALPAS. J .
Page 218 and 219: '.2 SHIGA. Y. 19 87. Behaviou r o f
Page 220: 194 SUEN , C . J., FREY, F. A . & M
Page 223: 19 7 W ILLIAMS . H . 19 79 . A ppal
Page 228 and 229: A 1.2.3 Samples Analy sod at th e C
Page 230: 20 4 analysed by lCP -MS were calib
Page 233 and 234: 207 a 125 ml t efl on bo tt le, add
Page 235 and 236: 209 contamination . The CNREE patte
Page 237 and 238: 211 Unlike the procedure used to an
Page 239 and 240: A 2 .1 GENERA L STATEMENT Appendix
Page 242: "6 SJE -1093 Weh rlite (W I. SJE -L
Page 247 and 248: Appendix 5 ORTHOPYROXENE IN HARZBUR
Page 249: Appendix 6 PUBLISHED MATERIAL RELEV
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1a 5 / / / LALPP: Harzburqrte and !
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3 ta '- "-....? y.----..\ /'2' 3 :
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TABLE A3 .4. Amphib ole e naivses T
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FIGURE 2.8 . Disequilibrium texture
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FIGURE 4 .1. Com posit ion al varia
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FIGU RE 1.4 . Genera lized geologic
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FIGURE 2. 1. Geological map of the
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FIGURE 2.4. Bands of serpentinized
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FIGURE 2.6 . Impregnated orthopyrox
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14 FIGURE 2.8 . Disequilibrium text
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FIGURE 2. 10. Grain of Ca-amphibole
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FIGURE 2.12. Multiple F 1 folds in
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FIGURE 2.15. Thin bands of Cr-spine
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FIGURE 2.17. Embayment of ol ivine
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FIGURE 2.19 . Tremolite (blue, purp
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FIGURE 2.22. Irregular grain bounda
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FIGURE 2.24. Clinopyroxene (deep or
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FIGURE 2.26. Vein of LAL elino pyro
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FIGURE 2.28 . Cr-spinel host ing in
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FIGURE 2.31 . Enclaves of type I or
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FIGURE 2 .33 . (a) Sieve texture in
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FIGURE 2.35. Band of fine grained A
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FIGURE 2 .37. Protrusion of AI-spin
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44 FIGURE 2.38. AI-spinel contai ni
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FIGURE 2.40. HAL wehrlite (top left
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FIGURE 2.42. Dunit ic portion of a
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FIGU RE 2.45. Large poikilitic grai
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53 FIGURE 2 .4 7. Irregular HA L c
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FIGURE 2.49 . Assemblage of HA L ol
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67 FIGUR E 3 .6 . cnonente-oormanee
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'"\ M, _ 81 FIGURE 4 .7 . Compositi
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