Guro Lauvland Bjorknes.pdf - NMMU

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of conflict and they are also vulnerable as new players in a foreign environment. The refugees relevant for this treatise are in their new situation as a result of various conflicts. They have escaped a context in which conflict over scarce resources, a lack of meeting of human needs and relative deprivation was evident. They imagined a better life in the host country but are still facing the same issues. Xenophobia has played a significant role in the locals‟ dealings with the refugee population and continues to do so, and research has shown that refugees find it difficult to get jobs and earn a livelihood as a result of a lack of support from official channels and hostile reactions from the local population. A better understanding of the refugee population facing these issues and hopefully the ability to disseminate more knowledge that can contribute to a solution is what motivated this study. 1.6 Interpretive Social Science and Qualitative Research The analysis of coping strategies among female Zimbabwean refugees in the Central Methodist Church in Johannesburg, Johannesburg is based on the phenomenological or interpretivist metatheory of social science. Babbie and Mouton (2008) describe this paradigm as a focus on the human mind and consciousness while interpreting the link between the human mind and the study of society. Human beings will always create and mould their actions, and the interpretation of their world is constantly changing (Ibid, 2008:28). In the case study in the Central Methodist Church in Johannesburg, participants are individuals with a continually changing view of their society. Social research through a phenomenological theory demands the use of a qualitative approach as it supplements the view on „understanding‟ their subjective interpretation of society (Ibid, 2008:33), hence is applicable to this study. 1.7 Research Design and Methodology 1.7.1 Type of Sampling A non-probability sampling method was employed to find an appropriate population for the undertaken study. The purposive or judgmental sampling method had to be deployed to achieve a population which covered all of the various coping mechanisms the female population in the CMC employs on a day-to-day basis. During a pilot study that had a sufficient overview of the 4
people staying in the CMC a contact was established who became an agent for getting in touch with the women who fulfilled the criteria for participating in the study. The participants needed to fulfil the following criteria: They needed good English-speaking skills; They had to be 21 years of age or older; They had to have lived in the CMC community for two months or longer and They needed to be women from Zimbabwe. 1.7.2 Data Collection Formal face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted in private settings at the CMC at various times of the day, using a voice recorder and pen and paper. Observations and informal conversations with others in the refugee community also added to the understanding of the whole situation. 1.8 Data Analysis There are social phenomena that may be challenging to understand and grounded theory is one of a few theories that were developed to try to understand and achieve insight into these issues. Grounded theory is part of the interpretive paradigm with regard to research (Mello & Flint, 2009). Developers of grounded theory, Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss, encouraged researchers to develop their own ways of coding and analysing data, and hoped that their grounded theory method would inspire researchers to develop other procedures (Larossa, 2005:839-840). People are problem-solving actors and in grounded theory there is an attempt to discover and understand meanings and concepts used by people in social settings. Research based on grounded theory usually involves in-depth interviews, observations and document analysis to understand how people deal with, for example, problems they may be facing (Mello & Flint, 2009). 5
Page 1 and 2: Coping Strategies among Female Zimb
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT This treatise represents a
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION BY CA
Page 7 and 8: 2.5.3 Conflict…………………
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 5: RESEARCH FINDINGS……
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ABET- Adult B
Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introdu
Page 15: 1.4 Aims and Objectives of the Stud
Page 19 and 20: 1.11 Limitations of Study Babbie an
Page 21 and 22: arrived from the south, taking cont
Page 23 and 24: during the conference but the confl
Page 25 and 26: The 1980s were very good for Zimbab
Page 27 and 28: ural areas, because it is easier to
Page 29 and 30: investments out of the country was
Page 31 and 32: operation could also have been seen
Page 33 and 34: 2.3 The refugee 2.3.1 Definitions o
Page 35 and 36: “complex nexus between the politi
Page 37 and 38: The right not to be tortured or arb
Page 39 and 40: factors of xenophobia are very simi
Page 41 and 42: their own family. They specifically
Page 43 and 44: 2.3.8.1 Zimbabwean refugees and asy
Page 45 and 46: other places where people from othe
Page 47 and 48: section provides a definition of co
Page 49 and 50: Morton Deutsch said "Conflict can n
Page 51 and 52: 2.5.4 Three models of conflict Next
Page 53 and 54: conflict and therefore suggested me
Page 55 and 56: other groups (James & Goetze, 2001:
Page 57 and 58: 2.6 Summary This chapter presented
Page 59 and 60: actually helping the millions of pe
Page 61 and 62: This study will not present a final
Page 63 and 64: 3.6.2 Sample unit Darlington and Sc
Page 65 and 66: were expected to test and confirm t
Page 67 and 68:
subcategories. The researcher can f
Page 69 and 70:
(Babbie & Mouton, 2008:522). Interv
Page 71 and 72:
3.10 Limitations of research When e
Page 73 and 74:
migration performed according to a
Page 75 and 76:
through interviews with the partici
Page 77 and 78:
4.3 Who are the female Zimbabwean r
Page 79 and 80:
Four out of the 20 participants sai
Page 81 and 82:
Another participant also related an
Page 83 and 84:
Another coping strategy is to rely
Page 85 and 86:
4.4.2.2 Access to blankets Four par
Page 87 and 88:
time and avoids socialising too muc
Page 89 and 90:
Sometimes you can go to the bishop
Page 91 and 92:
4.4.6 Hospitals and police Issues o
Page 93 and 94:
4.5 Perception of other women’s c
Page 95 and 96:
CHAPTER 5: RESEARCH FINDINGS 5.1 In
Page 97 and 98:
Cognitive coping strategies like ho
Page 99 and 100:
The coping strategy would be pursue
Page 101 and 102:
emphasises „enduring‟ the adver
Page 103 and 104:
5.2.9 Category 9: Begging in the st
Page 105 and 106:
One lady commented: “I wait for t
Page 107 and 108:
5.3 Summary Coping strategies among
Page 109 and 110:
6.2.2 Objectives To describe the ma
Page 111 and 112:
Reducing the quality and amount of
Page 113 and 114:
Police and other law enforcement ag
Page 115 and 116:
REFERENCE LIST Anstey, M. 2006. Man
Page 117 and 118:
Darlington, Y. and Scott, D. Qualit
Page 119 and 120:
Himes, J. 1980. Conflict and confli
Page 121 and 122:
options. Ed. by S. Johnston, A. Ber
Page 123 and 124:
Rabie, M., 1994. Conflict resolutio
Page 125 and 126:
United Nations High Commissioner fo
Page 127 and 128:
ADDENDA ADDENDUM I: Permission from
Page 129 and 130:
20. What led you to seek refuge in
Page 131 and 132:
ADDENDUM III: Informed consent form
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