Guro Lauvland Bjorknes.pdf - NMMU

2.2.1 Colonial History …………………………………………………………………………….8
2.2.2 Revolutionary Struggle…………………………………………………………………….10
2.2.3 Independent Zimbabwe in the 1980s………………………………………………………10
2.2.4 Zimbabwe in the 1990s ……………………………………………………………………13
2.2.5 Land Reform in Zimbabwe………………………………………………………………...14
2.2.6 Resistance against Mugabe………………………………………………………………...17
2.2.7 Collapse of Human Rights…………………………………………………………………18
2.2.8 Recent activities in Zimbabwe at a glance…………………………………………………18
2.2.9 Zimbabwe today……………………………………………………………………………20
2.3 The refugee ………………………………………………………………………………….21
2.3.1 Definitions of refugees……………………………………………………………………..21
2.3.2 Towards a definition of refugees relevant for this treatise………………………………...22
2.3.3 Urban refugees……………………………………………………………………………..23
2.3.4 Refugee Women……………………………………………………………………………25
2.3.5 Difficulties refugees face…………………………………………………………………..25
2.3.5.1 Xenophobia………………………………………………………………………………26
2.3.6 Coping Strategies…………………………………………………………………………..27
2.3.6.1 Women and coping strategies……………………………………………………………28
2.3.7 Refugee settings……………………………………………………………………………29
2.3.7.1 Refugee settings in South Africa………………………………………………………...29
2.3.8 Refugees and asylum seekers in South Africa……………………………………………..30
2.3.8.1 Zimbabwean refugees and asylum seekers in South Africa……………………………..31
2.4 The Central Methodist Church in South Africa……………………………………………...31
2.4.1 The Central Methodist Church in Johannesburg…………………………………………..31
2.5 Conflict theory………………………………………………………………………….........34
2.5.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………...34
2.5.2 A brief history of Conflict Management…………………………………………………...35
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