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name/number are not included if they were published after the name had been made available. Nomen nudum is
normally used only once for each nude species-group name, although in some cases it may appear twice in order to
maintain clarity. “=” denotes objective synonymy; “?=” denotes subjective synonymy. In identifying the current
placement of the species listed by Godeffroy we have been conservative in the use of genera, such as using Conus
for all Conidae despite the fact that the genus is now split into many genera. Using anything other than Conus (or
Cypraea for Cypraeidae) would involve deciding what current authority to follow and then giving a reason for
doing so—issues that have little bearing on the current paper. The names as listed with conventional generic
placement cannot be misunderstood.
Some of the names listed by Schmeltz for which we have not found authorities, such as minor and gracilior,
might have been meant as morphological descriptors but are treated herein as taxonomic names for consistency.
Multi-word descriptors, written as varietal names such as “maxima costata”, are considered to be descriptive terms
and not intended to be nomina. They are included here for completeness and to avoid any possible future
confusion.
The names used by Schmeltz and commented upon in the following listing can be grouped in several
categories: a total of 162 nude names were attributed to correspondent authors (Dunker, Garrett, Mousson, Pease,
Semper), using notations such as “Mss., n. sp.” to indicate that the name had been supplied by one of them. An
additional 213 nude names were attributed to the same correspondents, but with no notation of novelty. Another
154 names were attributed to non-binominal authors (Chemnitz, Gronovius, Martini, Martyn, Meuschen) or to
Solander (the majority of names attributed to the latter being nude). At the time, works by these authors were
considered to be available by some, although not most, zoologists. The status of these old works was a matter of
contention for many years. Schmeltz sometimes reversed himself more than once on authorship of some species in
subsequent catalog issues. In addition, 27 names were listed without author, and 12 entries are interpreted as
descriptive terms not considered to be intended as binominal. Seven nude names were introduced by Schmeltz
either attributed to others as replacement names, or tagged as “Nobis” or “mihi” but were not made available
therein (see numbers 1781, 5228, 6897, 7310, 8088, 8782, 9088, 9472 [8088 and 9088 are the same name]). Four
names were given with wrong authors. Another eight entries deal with miscellaneous topics such as unnamed
varieties or non-molluscan taxa.
Only five names, one (preoccupied) genus-group name and four replacement species-group names were found
to date from the Catalogs (numbers 8541, 6882, 8711, 7215, 8832).
Schmeltz used abbreviations customary in taxonomic writing at the time. These include “in lit.” [littera/litteris] = in
a letter and “in sched.” [scheda/schedis] = on a label. He also employed “Mscr.” [manuscript] and the Latin “an”
[or] when suggesting an alternate taxonomic placement. These usages are not individually annotated below. The
names of authors that were abbreviated in the catalog have been extended and emended in square brackets; such
changes were not made within direct quotes.
4. Cyclina chinensis Ch[emnitz], Schmeltz, 1866[III]: 43. Nomen nudum.
NOTE: Chemnitz’s name is not available. See number 7184 in this list.
540a. Strombus papilio Ch[emnitz], Schmeltz, 1869[IV]: 96 ; 1874[V]: 141. Nomen nudum.
NOTE: Chemnitz’s name is not available. The earliest available name for this species is Strombus pipus (Röding, 1798).
547. Ranella olivator Meusch[en], Schmeltz, 1864[I]: 20; 1865[II]: 36; 1866[III]: 36; 1869[IV]: 95. In subgenus
Apollon in 1869. Nomen nudum.
NOTE: Meuschen’s work is non-binominal. This is Gyrineum natator (Röding, 1798).
562a. Pleurotoma acuticarinata Dkr. [= Dunker] nov. sp., Schmeltz, 1864[I]: 20. Nomen nudum.
NOTE: No description of this species has been located.
569a. Oliva irisans Lmk. var. major [no author], Schmeltz, 1865[II]: 21, Sd.I. [= Hawaii] Nomen nudum.—Oliva
tigrina Reeve var., Schmeltz, 1869[IV]: 82, V.I. [= Fiji].
NOTE: There is no “Oliva major” and this may simply indicate large specimens. There is no Oliva tigrina
Reeve; Reeve correctly attributed the name to Lamarck, 1811. Due to the different locations and the use of the
term “var.” we do not speculate on the identity of the species involved.
578. Strombus flosculosus Mart[ini], Schmeltz, 1865[II]: 19; 1866[III]: 37; 1869[IV]: 97; 1874[V]: 142, 158. In
1866 with “(floridus Lam.)” in synonymy and in 1869 with synonyms “Aporrhais gibberulus Meusch[en],
Lamb. flammea Link [1807], Str. floridus Lam[arck, 1822].” Nomen nudum.
MOLLUSCAN TAXA OF THE MUSEUM GODEFFROY OF HAMBURG
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