Fragmenta Mineralogica Et Palaentologica 24-25. 2007. (Budapest ...

FRAGMENTA PALAEONTOLOGICA HUNGARICA 24—25, BUDAPEST, 2007 

Jurassic brachiopods of the Transdanubian Range (Hungary); 

stratigraphical distribution and diversity changes 

by 

Attila VÖRÖS & Alfréd Du LAI 

Abstract — Several thousands brachiopod specimens have been collected from 7 different stages of the Jurassic in the Transdanubian Range 

(TR). The fauna shows a great diversification in the Hettangian to Pliensbachian interval, with a diversity peak reached in the late Sinemurian. This 

is consistent with the global recovery process after the end-Triassic extinction. The Early Toarcian disappearance of the brachiopods from the TR 

was apparently connected to the Tethyan anoxic event. The decreasing diversity and/or absence of brachiopods in the Middle to Late Jurassic is 

explained by the limited food-supply at the deepening sea-floor, i. e. to the gradual subsidence of the territory of the TR. The minor Bajocian and 

Tithonian diversity peaks were related to phases of extensional tectonic movements providing hard substratum favourable for settlement of 

brachiopods. Possible cold seeps might contribute to the enrichment of brachiopods by supporting chemosynthetically based communities. 

Keywords — Brachiopoda, Jurassic, Hungary, stradgraphical distribution, diversity. 

VÖRÖS, A. & DULAI, A.: Jurassic brachiopods of the Transdanubian Range (Hungary); stratigraphical distribution and diversity changes. — 

Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica, 24—25: 51-68. 

The Jurassic brachiopod fauna of the Transdanubian 

Range (Hungary) is well-known to brachiopod specialists. 

It was studied by several Hungarian palaeontologists during 

the last 130 years (e.g. BÖCKH 1874; ORMÓS 1937; VlGH 

G. 1943; VÖRÖS 1983,1986,1993,1997,2001; DULAI 2002, 

2003). Until now, several thousands brachiopod specimens 

were collected from the different Jurassic stages. The col 

lecting work, mostly performed by the Hungarian Geo 

logical Institute in the 1960's and 1970's, targeted the whole 

Introduction 

Jurassic sequence except the Callovian and Oxfordian, 

which are mainly represented by radiolarite. Brachiopods 

were almost always collected together with ammonites and 

this offered a possibility to record their stratigraphie distri 

bution. The Hettangian, Sinemurian, Pliensbachian, Bajoc 

ian and Tithonian stages yielded a considerable number 

of specimens while the Toarcian, Aalenian, Bathonian and 

Kimmeridgian appeared to be almost free of brachiopods. 

The stratigraphical distribution of Jurassic brachiopods 

and the faunal changes were previously discussed by us in 

some detail, but most of these studies were restricted to 

certain stages, or to the Bakony Mts only (VÖRÖS 1983, 

1993, 1997, DULAI 2001, 2002, 2003). Some of these works 

have been of comprehensive character, but appeared only 

in Hungarian. In the present paper we extend the over 

view to the whole Transdanubian Range. This work uses 

an updated database of the stratigraphical record of the bra 

chiopod species, and considers the results of the new collec 

tions, taxonomic studies and nomenclatural emendations. 

In this paper the brachiopod faunas are shortly 

introduced and listed by stages and their stratigraphical 

distribution will be summarized in range charts. Then the 

diversity changes will be demonstrated in diagrams and 

the most frequent and characteristic brachiopod taxa are 

illustrated in photographic plates (Plates I, II, III). 

Figure 1 —The studied Jurassic brachiopod localities in the Transdanubian Range. — 1: Sümeg; 2: Úrkút, Csárda-hegy; 3: 

Szentgál, Tűzköves-hegy; 4: Márkó, Som-hegy; 5: Hárskút, Középső-Hajag (Kisnyerges-árok, Közöskútí-árok, Gyenes-puszta); 6: Lókút 

(Fenyves-kút, Papod-alja); 7: l.ókút, Kericser; 8: Lókút, Lókúti-domb; 9: Eplény (Mangán-bánya, Kávás-hegy); 10: Olaszfalu, Eperkés-hegy; 11: 

Porva, Kék-hegy; 12: Porva, Kőris-hegy; 13: Bakonybél, Som-heg)'; 14: borzavar (Szilas-árok, Páskom); 15: Zirc (Szesztra-hegy, Cuha-völgy); 

16: Iszdmér, Hamuháza-puszta; 17: Csókakő, Csóka-hegy; 18: Tata, Kálvária-domb; 19: Dunaszentmiklós, Hosszúvontató; 20: Neszmély, 

Nagy-Somló; 21: Neszmély, Asszony-heg)-; 22: Neszmély (Nagy-Teke-hegy, Nyerges-heg) 7 

); 23: Tardos (Alsó-Látó-hegy, Szél-heg)'); 24: Süttő, 

Vörös-híd; 25: Süttő, Kis-Gerecse; 26: Lábatlan (Póc-kő, Tölgy-hát); 27: Dorog, Nagy-kőszikla; 28: Kesztölc, Kétágú-heg)'.

SPECIES 

Cirpa aff. plunifrons 

Liospiriferina cf. pichleri 

Lobothyris ovatissimaeformis 

Lobothyris ? sospirolensis 

fakubirhynch ta Uitifrons 

Saleireila cf. albertii 

Cuneirhynchiu cartieri 

Lobothyris ? subgregaria 

Zeilleriu perforata 

Rhapidothyris ? complanata 

Calcirhynchia ? plicatissima 

Lobothyris andleri 

L iospiriferina alpin a 

Zeilleriu mtitabilis 

Cirpa fron to 

Calcirhynchia aff. plicatissima 

Calcirhynchia zugmuyeri 

Piarorhynchia ? caroli 

L iospiriferina aequiglobuta 

Liospiriferina ? guembeli 

Liospiriferina monconii 

Liospiriferina aff. obtusu A. 

Phymatothyris aff. cerusulum 

Zeilleriu cor 

Zeilleria aff. venusta 

Rhytt ch 011 ellin n h of mann i 

Rhynchonellinu suessi 

Prionorhynchiu greppini 

Prionorhynch iu pseudopolyptych a 

Cirpa variabilis 

Homoeorhynchia ? prona 

Cun eirh] ch i u fruits i 

Cuneirhynchiu retusifrons 

Pisirh yttchiu inversa 

Gibbirhynchia ? urkutica 

Prionorhynchiu ? triquetra 

Liospiriferin a acuta 

Liospiriferina urudusi 

Cisn erospiru ungit la tu 

Ci su erospiru sylvia 

C "ullosp ir if er ii t u tu inula 

Rhapidothyris '! cf. beyrichi 

Zeilleriu butillu 

Zeilleria choffuti 

Zeilleria venusta 

Securina partschi 

Bakon yith y ris ewaldi 

Gibbirhynchia orsinii 

l'r ion or h \ nchia polyptych u 

Cirpa s u bcostellata 

Calcirhynchia fascicostata 

Gibbirhynchia curviceps 

Liospiriferin a ohms a 

Dispiriferin a s egregutu 

Rhapidothyris ? ovimontana 

Linguithyris linguuta 

Zeilleria alpin a 

Zeilleria cf. livingstonei 

Pisirhyn chia pisoides 

Pisirhynchiu retroplicutu 

[pringia puolii 

Liospiriferin u brevirostris 

Liospiriferin u gryphoidea 

Liospiriferin a siculu 

Cisnerospira cf. darwini 

L oboth\ 'ris pu n et at a 

intiptychina ? rothpletzi 

Bukonyithyris pedenwntun u 

Linguithyris aspasia 

H SI S2 PI P2 Tl SPECIES H SI S2 PI P2 Tl 

Rhynchonellinu ? renevieri 

Prionorhynchia forticostata 

Prionorhynchiu pseudoscherinu 

Prionorhynchiu ? telegdirothi 

Cirpa planifions 

Calcirhynchia ? mutyasovszkyi 

Calcirhynchia ? rintatu 

Sulgirellu ? magnicostutn 

Cuneirhynchiu dulmusi 

Sunn irh) m ch iu pi lui lu 

Pisirhynchiu ? ultligi 

Furcirhynchia emmrichi 

Liospiriferin u cuntianensis 

Liospiriferin u aff. obtusu B 

Papodina ? himuntmuta 

Papodina ju vavica 

Lobothyris ? grestenensis 

Phymatothyris ? radis 

Fimbriothyris ? foetterlei 

Zeilleria aff. buldaccii 

Zeilleriu catharinae 

Zeilleria engelh urdti 

Zeilleriu h er en dieu 

Zeilleriu s tupi u 

Securina securiformis 

Calcirhynchia ? Inevicosta 

Homoeorhynchiu ? htbricu 

Cun eirhyn ch in pulntutu 

Pisirhyn chiu men eg h inii 

Gibbirhynchia ? sordellii 

Zeilleriu waehneri 

. [mphiclinodontu liusina 

Koninckodontu waehneri 

Orthotoma apenninica 

Apringia al tes inu a ta 

. [pringia piccininii 

Apringia diptychu 

Prionorhynchiu ? ftubellum 

Prionorhynchia ? hugaviensis 

Lokutellu liasina 

Papodina bittneri 

Phi-matothy -ris cerasu lu m 

Zeilleria bicolor 

Securina h ierlatzica 

Bukonyithyris upenn inica 

Apringia deltoidea 

Prionorhynchiu aff. greppini 

Lokutellu kondai 

Cuneirhynchiu cf. rastuensis 

Pisirhynchiu ? aff. uhligi A 

Kericserellu inversueformis 

Gibbirhynchia ? aff. urkutica 

Liospiriferina cf. h an deli 

Liospiriferina cf. globosa 

Securithyris paronai 

Hesperithyris ? cf. costata 

Uesperithyris ? aff. renierii 

. intiptychina ? belhtnensis 

Aulacothyris ? amygdaloides 

Bukonyithyris uvicttlu 

Bukonyithyris meneghinii 

[pringia ? aff. piccininii 

Lokutellu pnlmueformis 

Xannirhynchia gemmellaroi 

Kon in ckodon ta fit g g eri 

Cisnerospira meneghiniana 

Liospiriferin u upenn inica 

I iullithyris gozzanensis 

Securithyris udneth ens is 

Figure 2 — Stratigraphical distribution of the brachiopod species in the Early Jurassic of the Transdanubian Range. 

H: Hettangian, SI: Early Sinemurian, S2: Late Sinemurian, PI: Early Pliensbachian, P2: Late Pliensbachian, Tl: Early Toarcian.

S P E C I E S H SI S2 PI P2 Tl 

Securithyris fitos a 

Hesperithyris renierii 

IIesperithyris cf. pacheia 

Lychn othyris rotzoana 

Zeilleria oenana 

Zeilleriu uquilinu 

Aulacothyris ? cf. fuggeri 

Bukonyithyris ovimontana 

Apringia fraudatrix 

Apringia ? cf. suetii 

Apringia ? stoppanii 

Apringia ? atlaeformis 

Pseudogibbirhynchia ? aff. verra 

Prionorhynchia ? aff. ftabellum 

Cirpa ? Cf. subfurcillata 

Homoeorhynchia acuta 

Pisirhynchiu ? aff. uhligi B 

Pisirhynchiu ? aff. uhligi ( ' 

Pisirhynchiu ? aff. uhligi D 

Nan nirh) n ch ia sit utat a 

Nannirhynchia ? bulga 

Nannirhynchia ? aff. bulga 

Koninckodonta aff. fuggeri 

Koninckodonta ? aff. ulfurica 

Liospiriferina cf. obovata 

Orthotoma aff. apenninica 

Rhapidothyris ? aff. beyrichi 

I talüthyris ? delorenzoi 

Linguithy'rá cornico/ AM« 

Antiptych'ma ? aff. gastaldii 

Aulacothyris ? baUinensis 

Bukonyithyris ? aff. ovimontana 

This stage is represented by the lithologically rather uniform, 

oncoidal-ooidal shallow marine Kardosrét Limestone 

in the Bakony Mountains. The list of its brachiopods was 

published by MICHALIK et al. (1991) and DULAI (1993). In 

the other areas, the Hettangian is usually missing due to a 

sedimentary 7 

gap, except in the Kálvária-domb at Tata, 

where Upper Hettangian pelagic limestone with ammonoids 

was recorded (FÜLÖP 1976, GÉCZY 1976a). A recent, bedby-bed 

collection of limited extent complemented the 

]akubirhynchia latifrons (GEYER, 1889) 

Cirpa aff. planifrons (ORMÓS, 1937) 

Calcirhynchia ? plicatissima (QUENSTEDT, 1852) 

Salgirella cf. alberta (OPPEL, 1861) 

Cuneirhynchia cartieri (OPPEL, 1861) 

Uospiriferina cf. alpina (OPPEL, 1861) 

Liospiriferina cf. pichleri (NEUMAYR, 1879) 

After a sudden change in sedimentation, this stage is 

represented by deeper water pelagic sedimentary rocks all 

over the TR: pink and yellowish limestones (Pisznice Formation), 

crinoidal and cherty limestones (Isztimér Formation) 

and coarse biodetrital, mosdy sparitic limestones (Hierlatz 

Formation). The latter is exceptionally rich in brachiopods. 

Their faunas have been known for a long time (BÖCKH 

1874, VIGH GY. 1913, ORMÓS 1937, VlGH G. 1943). 

Jurassic brachiopods of the Transdanubian Range (Hungary) 

Jurassic brachiopods of the Transdanubian Range 

Abundant and diverse brachiopod faunas are known 

from several parts of the territory of the Transdanubian 

Range (TR); first of all from numerous sites in the Bakony 

Mountains, from the Vértes (Csóka-hegy near Mór), the 

Gerecse Mountains (e. g. the Kálvária-domb in Tata, and 

several localities in the western part of the Gerecse), and 

from the Pilis Mountains (Figure 1). 

The localities in the Bakony are of outstanding importance 

from several points of view: (1) Here rich faunas 

occur from most of the stages of the Jurassic, whereas in 

the other mountains only the Sinemurian, Bajocian and 

Tithonian stages yielded significant brachiopod assemblages. 

(2) At the Bakony localities the abundant faunas 

have been collected bed-by-bed, together with ammonoids, 

offering an excellent opportunity 7 

to constrain their stratigraphic 

ranges, since the stratigraphie evaluation of the 

ammonoid faunas was carried out by GÉCZY (1971a, 

1971b, 1972a, 1972b, 1974, 1976b), GALÁCZ (1976, 1980, 

1995) and FŐZY (1987, 1988, 1993). (3) Partly for the above 

reasons, the systematic research of the brachiopods of the 

Bakony localities is in a more advanced state. 

y one of us (AV); these identifications are included in the 

present work. 

The profuse brachiopod faunas of the western Gerecse 

Mountains (Asszony-hegy, Nagysomlyó, Hosszúvontató, 

Teke-hegy) were described and illustrated in details by G. 

VlGH (1943). Recently we made new collections in many 

localities and partly revised VlGH's identifications (DULAI 

1998a, 1998b, 2003). 

In the Pilis Mountains, the neptunian dykes at Kétágúhegy 

provided rich faunas which were described, but not 

illustrated, by GY. VlGH (1913). We re-examined the brachiopods 

housed in the Museum of the Hungarian Geological 

Institute. 

The above faunas are usually very rich but the old 

bulk collections are not precisely dated by ammonoids, 

therefore they are regarded generally as Sinemurian 

without attribution to substage. 

The Sinemurian brachiopods of the Bakony Mountains 

are more precisely dated, therefore their division into an 

Early and a Late Sinemurian association is possible. 

Ammonoid stratigraphy was developed only in a few 

Ljower Sinemurian sections (Lókúti-domb: GÉCZY 1972a, 

Apringia piccininii (ZlTTEL, 1869) 

Apringia paolii (CANAVARI, 1880) 

Apringia altesinuata (BÖSE, 1898) 

Apringia diptycha (BÖSE, 1898) 

Rhynchonellina suessi GEMMELLARO, 1871 

Rhynchonellina hofmanni (BÖCKH, 1874) (Plate I: 7a-b) 

Rhynchonellina ? renevieri (HAAS, 1884) 

Prionorhynchia greppini (OPPEL, 1861) 

Prionorhynchiapoljptycha (OPPEL, 1861) (Plate I: 8a-b) 

Prionorhynchia pseudopolyptycha (BÖCKH, 1874) 

Prionorhynchia forticostata (BÖCKH, 1874) (Plate I: lOa-b, 11 a-b) 

Prionorhynchia pseudoscherina (BÖSE, 1898) 

Prionorhynchia ? triquetra (GEMMELLARO, 1874) 

Prionorhynchia ? flabellum (GEMMELLARO, 1874) (Plate I: 9a-b) 

Prionorhynchia ? hagaviensis (BÖSE, 1898) 

Prionorhynchia ? telegdirothi (ORMÓS, 1937) 

Lokutella Hasina (PRINCIPI, 1910) 

Jakubirhyncbia latifrons (GEYER, 1889) 

Cirpa variabilis (SCHLOTHEIM, 1813) 

Cirpa fronto (QUENSTEDT, 1871) 

Cirpa subcostellata (GEMMELLARO, 1878) (Plate I: 12a-b) 

Cirpaplanifrons (ORMÓS, 1937) 

Calcirhynchiafascicostata (UHLIG, 1879) (Plate I: 16a^b) 

Calcirhynchia yugmayeri (GEMMELLARO, 1878) 

Calcirhynchia ? plicatissima (QUENSTEDT, 1852) (Plate I: 14a-b) 

Calcirhynchia aff. plicatissima (QUENSTEDT, 1852) 

Calcirhynchia ? laevtcosta (GEYER, 1889) (Plate I: 15) 

Calcirhynchia ? matyasovsykyi (BÖCKH, 1874) 

Calcirhynchia ? rimata (OPPEL, 1861) 

Salgirella albertii (OPPEL, 1861) (Plate I: 17a-b, 18) 

Salgirella ? magnicostata (ORMÓS, 1937) 

hlomoeorhynchia ? prona (OPPEL, 1861) 

Homoeorhynchia ? lubrica (UHLIG, 1879) 

Cuneirhynchiapalmata (OPPEL, 1861) (Plate I: 21) 

Cuneirhynchia cartieri (OPPEL, 1861) (Plate 1: 20a-b) 

Cuneirhynchia fraasi (OPPEL, 1861) 

Cuneirhynchia retusifrons (OPPEL, 1861) (Plate I: 19a-b) 

Cuneirhynchia dalmasi (DUMORTIER, 1869) 

Piarorhynchia ? caroli (GEMMELLARO, 1878) 

Nannirhynchia pilulla (BÖSE & SCHLOSSER, 1900) 

Pisirhynchia inversa (OPPEL, 1861) (Plate I: 22a-b) 

Pisirhynchia pisoides (ZlTTEL, 1869) 

Pisirhynchia retroplicata (ZlTTEL, 1869) 

Márkó, Som-hegy: DULAI 2002). At these localities, 

detailed collection for brachiopods was carried out. The 

Lower Sinemurian Pisznice Limestone (Lókúti-domb: 

DULAI 1990, 1992) yielded 400 specimens, whereas from 

the Isztimér Formation (Márkó, Som-hegy: DULAI 2002, 

2003) 800 specimens were collected. Most of the typical 

Hierlatz Limestone occurrences are attributed to the 

Upper Sinemurian, partly on the basis of ammonoids (Szentgál, 

Tűzköves-hegy: GÉCZY 1974; Olaszfalu, Eperkéshegy: 

GÉCZY, pers. comm.). Some other, very abundant 

"Hierlatz-type faunas" (Úrkút, Csárda-hegy; Porva, Kékheg}') 

were arbitrarily inferred as Upper Sinemurian by 

considering lithological and faunal analogies. Nearly 

10,000 brachiopod specimens have been collected from 

these localities and are kept in the collections of the 

Hungarian Natural History Museum. Here we present a 

summarized list of the Sinemurian brachiopods, while in 

range chart (Figure 2) the Early and Late Sinemurian occurrences 

are distinguished. 

The list of brachiopod species recorded from the 

Sinemurian of the TR (their stratigraphical distribution is 

shown in a range chart, in Figure 2): 

Pisirhynchia meneghinii (ZlTTEL, 1869) 

Pisirhynchia ? uhligi (HAAS, 1884) 

b'urcirhynchia emmrichi (OPPEL, 1861) 

Gibbirhynchia curviceps (QUENSTEDT, 1852) 

Gibbirhynchia orsinii (GEMMELLARO, 1874) 

Gibbirhynchia ? sordellii (PARONA, 1880) (Plate I: 23a-b) 

Gibbirhynchia ? urkutica (BOCKH, 1874) 

liospiriferina obtusa (OPPEL, 1861) (Plate I: 24, 25a-b) 

liospiriferina aff. obtusa (OPPEL, 1861) A 

Liospiriferina aff. obtusa (OPPEL, 1861) B 

liospiriferina alpina (OPPEL, 1861) 

Liospiriferina brevirostris (OPPEL, 1861) 

Liospiriferina sicula (GEMMELLARO, 1874) 

Liospiriferina aradasi (GEMMELLARO, 1878) 

Liospiriferinagryphoidea (UHLIG, 1879) 

liospiriferina cantianensis (CANAVARI, 1881) 

Liospiriferina moriconii (CANAVARI, 1883) 

Liospiriferina acuta (GEYER, 1889) 

Liospiriferina aequiglobata (UHLIG, 1900) 

Liospiriferina ? guembeli (NEUMAYR, 1879) 

Cisnerospira angulata (OPPEL, 1861) (Plate I: 27a-b) 

Cisnerospira sylvia (GEMMELLARO, 1878) 

Cisnerospira cf. darwini (GEMMELLARO, 1878) 

Callospiriferina tumida (BUCH, 1836) (Plate 1: 26a-b) 

Dispiriferina segregata (Dl STEFANO, 1886) 

Amphiclinodonta Hasina BlTTNER, 1888 

Koninckodonta waehneri (BlTTNER, 1894) 

Orthotoma apenninica (CANAVARI, 1883) 

lobothyris punctata (SOWERBY, 1812) 

luobothyris andleri (OPPEL, 1861) 

/ jobothyris ? grestenensis (SUESS, 1854) 

Lobothyris ? subgregaria (DAL PlAZ, 1909) 

Rhapidothyris ? beyrichi (OPPEL, 1861) (Plate I: 31) 

Rhapidothyris ? complanata (BÖCKH, 1874) 

Rljapidothyris ? ovimontana (BÖSE, 1898) 

Phymatothyris cerasulum (Z ITTEL, 1869) 

Phymatothyris tât. cerasulum (ZlTTEI,, 1869) 

Phymatothyris ? rudis (GEMMELLARO, 1874) 

linguithyris aspasia (ZlTTEL, 1869) (Plate I: 28a-b, 29) 

IJnguithyris linguata (BÖCKH, 1874) (Plate I: 30) 

Papodina bittneri (GEYER, 1889) 

Papodina juvavica (GEYER, 1889) 

Papodina ? bimammata (ROTHPLETZ, 1886)

Vimbriothyris ? foetterkt (BÖCKH, 1874) (Plate I: 32a-b) 

Zeilleria cor (LAMARCK, 1819) 

Zeilleria perforata (PlETTE, 1856) 

Zeilleria mutabilis (OPPEL, 1861) (Plate I: 6) 

Zeilleria engelhardti (OPPEL, 1861) 

Zeillena stapia (OPPEL, 1861) (Plate I: 34) 

Zeilleria aff. baldaccii GEMMELLARO, 1874 

Zeilleria herendica (BÖCKI I, 1874) 

Zeilleria cf. Hvingstonei GEMMELLARO, 1878 

Zeilleria catharinae GEMMELLARO, 1878 

Zeilleria waehneri GEMMELLARC), 1878 (Plate I: 5a—b) 

Zeilleria venusta (UHLIG, 1879) (Plate I: 36a-b) 

This stage is well-known in the Bakony Mountains and 

many aspects of its lithology and fauna was studied (KON- 

DA 1970, GÉCZY 1971a, VÖRÖS 1983, 1986). Dozens of 

sections have been excavated and collected bed-by-bed by 

the workers of the Hungarian Geological Institute. The 

ammonoid biostratigraphy was worked out and published 

by GÉCZY (1971a, 1971b, 1976b) and GÉCZY & MEISTER 

(1998). Four different lithofacies, representing different 

palaeoenvironments, yielded nearly 6000 brachiopod specimens: 

(1) condensed, dark red, manganiferous micritic limestone; 

(2) coarse biodetrital, sparitic Hierlatz, limestone; (3) 

crinoidal and cherty limestone (Isztimér Formation); (4) red 

nodular limestone of "rosso ammonitico" type (Tűzkő vesárok 

Formation) (VÖRÖS 1986). 

The other parts of the TR yielded less abundant brachiopod 

faunas; in most cases their stratigraphie position 

remains uncertain. 

Apringia piccininii (ZlTTEL, 1869) (Plate II: la-b) 

Apringia deltoidea (CANAVARI, 1880) 

Apringiapao/ii (CANAVARI, 1880) (Plate II: 2a-b) 

Apringia diptycha (BÖSE, 1898) (Plate II: 3a-b) 

Apringiafraudatrix (BÖSE, 1898) (Plate II: 8a-b) 

Apringia ? aff. piccininii (ZlTTEL, 1869) 

Apringia ? cf. suetii (HAAS, 1884) (Plate II: 7a-b) 

Apringia ? stoppanii (PARONA, 1880) (Plate II: 4a-b) 

Apringia ? altesinuata (BÖSE, 1898) (Plate II: 5a-b, 6a-b) 

Apringia ? atlaeformis (BÖSE, 1898) 

Prionorhynchia po/yptycha (OPPEL, 1861) 

Prionorhynchia aff. greppini (OPPEL, 1861) 

Prionorhynchia ? flabellum (GEMMELLARO, 1874) (Plate II: 9a-b) 

Prionorhynchia ? aff. flabellum (GEMMELLARO, 1874) 

Prionorhynchia ? hagaviensis (BÖSE, 1898) 

lokutella Hasina (PRINCIPI, 1910) (Plate II: 11 a-b) 

Lokutellapalmaeformis (HAAS, 1912) (Plate IT: lOa-b) 

lokutella kondai'VÖRÖS, 1983 

Pseudogibbirhynchia ? aff. verrii (PARONA, 1883) 

Cirpa ? cf. subfurcillata (BÖSE, 1898) 

Cirpa ? subcostellata (GEMMELLARO, 1878) 

Calcirhynchia ? plicatissima (QUENSTEDT, 1852) 

Calcirhynchia ? cf. fascicostata (UHLIG, 1879) 

Calcirhynchia ? laevicosia (GEYER, 1889) 

Homoeorhynchia acuta (SOWERBY, 1816) 

Homoeorhynchia ? lubrica (UHLIG, 1879) 

Cuneirhynchia palmata (OPPEL, 1861) 

Cuneirhynchia cf. rastuensis BENIGNI, 1978 

Pisirhynchiapisoides (ZlTTEL, 1869) (Plate II: 12a-b) 

Pisirhynchia retroplicata (ZlTTEL, 1869) (Plate II: 13a-b, 14a-c) 

Pisirhynchia meneghinii (ZlTTEL, 1869) 

Pliensbachian 

Zeilleria aff. venusta (UHLIG, 1879) (Plate I: 35a-b) 

Zeilleria choffati (HAAS, 1884) 

Zeilleria alpina (GEYER, 1889) (Plate I: 33a-b) 

Zeilleria barilla (GEYER, 1889) 

Zeilleria bicolor (BÖSE, 1898) 

Securina partschi (OPPEL, 1861) (Plate I: 40a-b) 

Securina bierlatyica (OPPEL, 1861) (Plate I: 38, 39a-b) 

Securina securijormis (GEMMELLARO, 1874) (Plate I: 37a-b) 

Antiptychina ? rothplettn (Dl STEFANO, 1891) (Plate I: 41 a-b) 

Bakonyithyris ewaldi (OPPEL, 1861) 

Bakonyithyris apenninica (ZlTTEL, 1869) 

Bakonyithyris pedemontana (PARONA, 1892) 

The old collections from Csókakő (Vértes Mountains) 

contain a few definitely Pliensbachian brachiopods that 

were not mentioned in the paper by FÜLÖP et al. (1960). 

Recent field work in this region revealed several generations 

of large-scale neptunian dykes that yielded some 

other Pliensbachian brachiopods (CSÁSZÁR & PEREGI 

2001). 

Pliensbachian brachiopods are present in the old 

collections from Tata (Kálvária-domb). 

From some localities in the western Gerecse Mountains 

(Hosszúvontató, Szél-heg}') G. VlGH (1943) described 

some Pliensbachian brachiopods. Recent field work yielded 

further material from Alsó-Látó-hegy and Nyerges-hegy. 

The list of the brachiopod species recorded from the 

Pliensbachian of the TR (their stratigraphical distribution 

is shown in a range chart (Figure 2): 

Pisirhynchia ? aff. uhligi (I IAAS, 1884) A 

Pisirhynchia ? aff. uhligi (HAAS, 1884) B 

Pisirhynchia ? aff. uhligi (HAAS, 1884) C 

Pisirhynchia ? aff. uhligi (HAAS, 1884) D 

Kericserella inversaeformis (SCHLOSSER, 1900) 

Nannirhynchiagemmellaroi (PARONA, 1880) (Plate II: 16a-b) 

Nannirhynchia sinuata (HAAS, 1912) 

Nannirhynchia ? bulga (PARONA, 1893) (Plate II: 15a-b) 

Nannirhynchia ? aff. bulga (PARONA, 1893) 

Gibbirhynchia cf. curviceps (QUENSTEDT, 1858) 

Gibbirhynchia ? orsinii (GEMMELLARO, 1874) 

Gibbirhynchia ? sordellii (PARONA, 1880) 

Gibbirhynchia ? aff. urkutica (BÖCKH, 1874) 

Amphiclinodonta Hasina BlTTNER, 1888 

Koninckodonta cf. waehneri (BlTTNER, 1894) 

Koninckodonta aff. fuggeri BlTTNER, 1894 

Koninckodonta ? aff. alfurica (WANNER, 1951) 

Koninckodonta fuggeri BlTTNER, 1894 

liospiriferina alpina (OPPEL, 1861) 

Í iospiriferina cf. brevirostris (OPPEL, 1861) 

I iospiriferina sicula (GEMMELLARO, 1874) (Plate II: 18) 

I iospiriferina gryphoidea (UHLIG, 1879) (Plate II: 19a-b) 

liospiriferina apenninica (CANAVARI, 1880) (Plate II: 17) 

Liospiriferina cf. obtusa (OPPEL, 1861) 

Liospiriferina cf. handelt (Dl STEFANO, 1887) 

/ iospiriferina cf. globosa (BÖSE, 1898) 

IJospiriferina cf. obovata (PRINCIPI, 1910) (Plate II: 20a-b) 

Cisnerospira danvini (GEMMELLARO, 1878) 

Cisnerospira meneghiniana (CANAVARI, 1880) 

Dispiriferina cf. segregata (Dl STEFANO, 1887) 

Orthotoma apenninica (CANAVARI, 1883) (Plate II: 21)

Orthotoma aff. apenninica (CANAVARI, 1883) 

Lobothyris punctata (SOWERBY, 1813) 

Lobothyris cf. andleri (OPPEL, 1861) 

Rhapidothyris ? cf. ovimontana (BÖSE, 1898) 

Rhapidothyris ? aff. beyrichi (OPPEI., 1861) 

VialHthyris gosganensis (PARONA, 1880) (Plate II: 23) 

VialHthyris ? deloren^pi (BÖSE, 1900) (Plate II: 24a-b) 

Unguithyris aspasia (ZlTTEL, 1869) (Plate II: 31, 32, 33a-c) 

Linguithyris cf. linguata (BÖCKH, 1874) 

Linguithyris cornicolana (CANAVARI, 1881) 

Securithyris adnethensis (SUESS, 1855) (Plate II: 25, 26a-b, 27a-b) 

Securithyris fitosa (CANAVARI, 1880) (Plate II: 29a-b, 30a-b) 

Securithyrisparonai (CANAVARI, 1880) (Plate II: 28) 

Papodina bittneri (GEYER, 1889) (Plate II: 35a-c, 36a-b) 

Hesperithyris renierii (CATULLO, 1827) (Plate II: 34a-b) 

Hesperithyris cf. pacheia (Ulll.lG, 1879) 

Hesperithyris ? cf. costata (DUBAR, 1842) 

Hesperithyris ? aff. renierii (CATULLO, 1827) 

Lychnothyris rotypana (SCHAUROTH, 1865) 

Phymatothyris cerasulum (ZlTTEL, 1869) (Plate II: 22) 

The Early Toarcian anoxie event (JENKYNS 1988) is 

distinctly manifested in the TR: the lowermost ammonoid 

zone (Tenuicostatum Zone) is generally missing (GÉCZY 

1971b, 1972a), and the Falciferum Zone is poorly represented 

by sediments (banded carbonatic manganese ore, 

black shales or thin marly layers, see JENKYNS et al. 

1991). From the Bifrons Zone onwards, the deposition of 

Toarcian 

Aalenian 

Zeilleria mutabilis (OPPEL, 1861) 

Zeilleria oenana (BÖSE, 1898) 

Zeilleria bicolor (BÖSE, 1898) 

Zeilleria aquilina (FRANCESCHI, 1921) 

Zeilleria ci. waehneri GEMMELLARO, 1878 

Zeilleria Hvingstonei GEMMELLARO, 1878 

Zeilleria alpina (GEYER, 1889) 

Antiptychina ? rothplety (Di STEFANO, 1891) (Plate II: 38a-c) 

Antiptychina ? bellunensis (DAI. PlAZ, 1907) 

Antiptychina ? aff. gastaldii (PARONA, 1893) 

Aulacothyris ? amygdaloides (CANAVARI, 1880) 

Aulacothyris ? ci. fuggeri (BÖSE, 1898) 

Aulacothyris ? ballinensis (HAAS, 1912) (Plate II: 39a-b) 

Bakonyithyris apenninica (ZlTTEL, 1869) (Plate II: 37) 

Bakonyithyrispedemontana (Parona, 1893) 

Bakonyithyris ovimontana (BÖSE, 1898) 

Bakonyithyris avicula (UHLIG, 1879) 

Bakonyithyris meneghinii (PARONA, 1880) 

Bakonyithyris ? aff. ovimontana (BÖSE, 1898) 

Securina hierlatyica (OPPEL, 1861) 

the pelagic red limestones is resumed. The Bifrons Zone 

is characterized by an extremely rich ammonoid fauna, 

yet it yielded only 7 brachiopod specimens in the Bakony 

and the Gerecse Mountains, all belonging to the species 

Unguithyris aspasia. Despite the thorough and voluminous 

collecting work, no brachiopods have been found in the 

higher part of the Toarcian. 

The red, "rosso ammonitico" type limestones (Tölgy- Formation), representing the Aalenian Stage in the TR, 

hát Formation) and light grey siliceous limestones (Eplény did not yield any brachiopods. 

The detailed ammonoid biostratigraphy of this stage 

m the TR was worked out by QAÍÁCZ (1976, 1980, 1991, 

1995). In the lower part of the Bajocian almost the same 

lithologies prevail as those in the Aalenian. Brachiopods 

are rare; only a small fauna (of approx. 50 specimens) was 

collected from the Sauzei Zone at Lókút. The following 

species have been identified (their stratigraphical distribution 

is shown in Figure 3): 

Septocrurella retrosinuata (VACEK, 1886) 

Capillirhynchia ? brentoniaca (OPPEL, 1863) 

Pseudogibbirhynchia ? cf. etalloni (OPPEL, 1863) 

The Middle and Upper Bajocian is lithologically more 

diverse: dark red manganiferous limestones, coarse biodetrital 

limestones and, locally, radiolarites occur beside 

the typical pelagic limestones. The majority of the Bajocian 

brachiopods of the TR was found in the Bakony 

Mountains. Here the abundance and diversity 7 

of brachiopods 

suddenly increased in the Humphriesianum Zone 

and this bloom lasted up to the end of the Bajocian. 

From this interval more than 500 specimens have been 

collected at several localities (Gyenes-puszta, Som-hegy, 

Fenyves-kút, Lókúti-domb). 

Bajocian 

SPECIES 

Pseudogibbirhynchia ? cf. etalloni 

Septocrurella retrosinuata 

Capillirhynchia ? brentoniaca 

Stolmorhynchia ? dubari 

Apringia at la 

Apringia alontina 

Capillirhynchia ? kardonikensis 

Cardinirhynchia galatensis 

Septocrurella ? microcephala 

Septocrurella micula 

Stiirhyn ch iu su bech in at a 

Stiirhynch ia berchta 

Linguithyris nepos 

Kara dag i thy ris g er da 

Karadagithyris erycin a 

Karadagithyris phryne 

Karadagithyris seguenzae 

Karadagithyris aff. dolhae 

I Iallithyris ? fylgia 

I iallithyris ? alantanni 

Papoditta ? récupérai 

Papodiiia ? laticoxa 

Zugmayeria ? pygopoides 

Early Late 

Bajociiin 1 Bajocian 

Figure 3 — Stratigraphical distribution of the brachiopod 

species in the Bajocian of the Transdanubian Range.

In the Vértes Mountains (Csóka-hegy), the presence 

of the Bajocian was proved by GALÁCZ (1995). It is very 

probable that the brachiopods described earlier as Bathonian 

by FÜLÖP et al. (1960) are actually Bajocian in age. This idea 

is supported by recent field work by CSÁSZÁR & PEREGI 

(2001) who showed that the occurrence of brachiopods is 

connected to large neptunian dykes. The opening of the 

fissures is probably synchronous with the similar tectonic 

Stolmorhynchia ? dubari ROUSSELLE, 1965 

Apringia atla (OPPEL, 1863) (Plate III: 4a-b, 5a-b) 

Apringia alontina (Dl STEFANO, 1884) (Plate III: 6a-b) 

Capillirhynchia ? brentoniaca (ÖPPEL, 1863) 

Capillirhynchia} kardonikensisKAMYSHAN, 1968 

Cardinirhynchia galatensis (Dl STEFANO, 1884) (Plate III: 10) 

Septocrurella ? microcephala (PARONA, 1896) (Plate III: 7a-b) 

Septocrurella ? retrosinuata (VACEK, 1886) (Plate III: 8a-b) 

Septocrurella ? micula (OPPEL, 1863) (Plate III: 9) 

Striirhynchia subechinata (OPPEL, 1863) 

Striirhynchia berchta (OPPEL, 1863) (Plate III: 1, 2, 3a-b) 

These stages are predominantly represented by radiolarites 

(siliceous marls and cherts of the Lókút Formation); 

in some places stratigraphical gaps are common. 

Limestone deposition is very subordinate; the locally 

Radiolarites are still common in this stage, but the red, 

nodular ammonitic limestones (Pálihálás Formation) are 

predominant. The upper part of the Karrimeridgian yielded 

very rich ammonoid faunas (FÖZY 1987, 1988) but 

The light red, nodular ammonitic limestones prevail, 

but whitish, micritic limestones (Szentivánhegy Formation) 

and locally "Hierlatz-like" biodetrital limestones (Szélhegy 

Formation) also occur. The ammonoid faunas are extremely 

diverse (VlGH G. 1984, FÖZY 1987, 1988), but 

the brachiopods are also common (more than 500 specimens), 

not only in the Bakony Mountains, but also at Tata 

and in the Gerecse Mountains (VlGH, G. 1981, FÖZY et 

al. 1994). Although the Bakony fauna is the most diverse. 


Tithonian of the TR (their stratigraphical distribution is 

shown in Figure 4): 

Monticlarella ? agassiuri (ZEJSZNER, 1846) (Plate III: 22) 

Monticlarella ? tatrica (ZEJSZNER, 1846) (Plate III: 23a-b) 

Monticlarella ? capillata (ZlTTEL, 1870) (Plate III: 21) 

juralina ? himeraensis (GEMMELLARO, 1871) 

Placothyris ? bilimeki (SUESS, 1859) 

Placothyris ? carpathica (ZlTTEL, 1870) (Plate III: 24) 

Nucleata planulata (ZEJSZNER, 1846) (Plate III: 25) 

Nucleata bouei (ZEJSZNER, 1846) (Plate III: 26a-b) 

Pygope diphya (BUCH, 1834) (Plate III: 29a-b) 

Pygope diphoros (ZEJSZNER, 1846) (Plate III: 30a-b) 

Pygope discissa (ZlTTEL, 1870) 

Pygope vomerNlGK, G. 1981 

Pygopejanitor (PlCTET, 1867) 

Bathonian—Callovian—Oxfordian 

Kimmeridgian 

Tithonian 

event recorded in the Bakony Mountains where it was 

dated as Humphriesianum Zone (GALÁCZ 1976). A survey 

of the Bajocian brachiopods of Hungary was given by 

VÖRÖS (2001). 


Bajocian of the TR (their stratigraphical distribution is 

shown in Figure 3): 

Linguithyris nepos (CAN AVARI, 1880) (Plate III: 11) 

Karadagithyrisgerda (OPPEL, 1863) (Plate III: 12) 

Karadagithyris erycina (GEMMELLARO, 1877) (Plate III: 15) 

Karadagithyris phryne (GEMMELLARO, 1877) (Plate III: 13) 

Karadagithyris seguenyae (Dl STEFANO, 1884) 

Karadagithyris aff. dolhae (SZAJNOCHA, 1882) (Plate III: 14a-b) 

VialHthyris 1 pylgia (OPPEL, 1863) (Plate III: 18a-b) 

VialHthyris} cf. alamanni (Dl STEFANO, 1884) (Plate III: 19) 

Papodina ? récupérai (Dl STEFANO, 1884) (Plate III: 16a-b) 

Papodina ? laticoxa (OPPEL, 1863) (Plate III: 17) 

Zugmayeria ? pygopoides (Dl STEFANO, 1884) (Plate III: 20) 

developed ammonitic limestones of Bathonian (GALÁCZ 

1980) and Oxfordian age (FÖZY 1987, 1993) have not 

yielded brachiopods, in spite of the voluminous collecting 

work. 

brachiopods are rare. The few specimens collected from 

Borzavár (Szilas-árok) have been identified as Nucleata 

planulata (ZEJSZNER, 1846) and N. cf. euthymii (PlCTET, 

1867). 

Pygope catulloi (PlCTET, 1867) (Plate III: 28a-b) 

Triangope triangulus (VAI.ENC1E.NNES, 1819) (Plate III: 27a-b) 

Triangope aff. triangulus (VALENCIENNES, 1819) 

Bakonyithyris ? fraudulosa (ZlTTEL, 1870) 

S P E C I E S Kimmendgisui Titlioniaii 

Nucleata cf. euthymii 

Nucleata planulata 

Monticlarella ? agassizi 

Monticlarella ? tatrica 

Monticlarella ? capillata 

Juralina ? himaraensis 

Placothyris ? bilimeki 

Placothyris ? carpathica 

Nucleata bouei 

Pygope diphya 

Pygope diphoros 

Pygope discissa 

Pygope vomer 

Pygope janitor 

Pygope catulloi 

1 riangop e triai i gu lu s 

Triangope aff. triangulus . 

Bakonyithyris ? fraudulosa 

Figure 4 — Stratigraphical distribution of the brachiopod 

species in the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian of the 

Transdanubian Range.

VÖRÖS &DULA] 

Discussion 

The species number data have been counted by stages 

and sub-stages. The numbers are plotted in diagrams 

(Figure 5 and 6) in order to show the temporal changes in 

species diversity of the Jurassic brachiopod fauna of the 

Transdanubian Range. 

The cumulative species diversity diagram of Jurassic 

brachiopods from the TR is shown in Figure 5. After the 

end-Triassic extinction, the rapid recovery culminated in 

the late Sinemurian; this was followed by a slower but 

steady decrease until the end of the Pliensbachian, and 

only one species {Unguithyris aspasia) survived to the Early 

Toarcian. This part of the diagram, updated on the basis 

of recent findings and results, differs from the figure pub 

lished by VÖRÖS (1993), where (using the data available 

at that time) the Sinemurian diversity 7 

values were rather 

low. The Toarcian and Aalenian are almost devoid of brachiopods, 

whereas a secondary diversity maximum is 

observed in the Bajocian. After another almost barren 

interval (Bathonian to Kimmeridgian) the Tithonian is 

again rich in brachiopods. 

In Figure 6 the four orders of Rhynchonelliformea 

(i. e. Articulata in older classification) and the two suborders 

of Terebratulida are shown in separate columns. 

They had different histories during the Jurassic, especially 

in the Early Jurassic. 

Stages/Ages 

Tithonian 

Kimmeridgian 

Oxfordian 

Callovian 

Bathonian 

Bajocian 

Aalenian 

Toarcian 

Pliensbachian 

Sinemurian 

Hettangian 

Brachiopod species 

T 

[ 

r 

1 

40 spcies 

Figure 5 — Temporal changes in the species diversity of 

the whole brachiopod fauna in the Jurassic of the 

Transdanubian Range. 

Rhynchonellids show a rapid diversification in the 

earliest Jurassic, culminating in the Late Sinemurian, then 

a gradual decrease until the end of the Pliensbachian and 

a sudden disappearance in the Toarcian. They are almost 

absent in the higher part of the Jurassic, except for a 

major and a minor reappearance in the Bajocian and in 

the Tithonian, respectively. 

The order Spiriferinida experienced its last, modest 

flourishing period in the Early Jurassic. After the end- 

Triassic crisis, the Spiriferinida showed a rapid recovery 

and reached their maximum diversity in the Early Sinemurian 

in the TR. After a gradual decrease, they disappeared 

in the earliest Toarcian, which almost coincides with 

the time of the global extinction of the order (ACER 1987, 

ALMÉRAS & FAURE 1990). 

The Athyridida are represented by the Koninckinidae 

in the Early Jurassic. They appeared in the Late Sinemurian 

in the TR and their diversity increased until the end of 

the Pliensbachian. This change parallels the general trend 

recognized for the whole order (VÖRÖS 2002), with the 

difference that the sudden expansion and diversity 7 

peak 

recorded in the earliest Toarcian in Europe is not documented 

in the TR. 

The diversity changes of the order Terebratulida follows 

roughly the same pattern as that of the Rhynchonellida 

during the Jurassic in the TR, though its diversity maximum 

in the Early Jurassic (Late Sinemurian/Early Pliensbachian) 

is not so pronounced. Within the order, the 

long-looped terebratulids (Terebratellidina; essentially the 

zeilleriids) mirror almost perfectly the diversity 7 

decline of 

the rhynchonellids, whereas the short-looped terebratulids 

(Terebratulidina) seem to keep up more successfully. They 

remain diverse still in the Late Pliensbachian, persist to 

the Early Toarcian, and regain rather high diversity repeatedly 

in the Bajocian and the Tithonian. 

The gradual diversification of brachiopods in the Early 

Jurassic is a world-wide phenomenon. Details of this 

post-extinction recovery 7 

, as recorded in the TR, were 

analysed and interpreted by DULAI (2001). The global 

trend is enhanced by local factors in the TR. Here the 

fragmentation of the Late Triassic carbonate platform 

started in the Early Jurassic and the tectonic disintegration 

resulted in an intricate pattern of submarine horsts 

and intervening basins (GALÁCZ 1988, VÖRÖS & GALÁCZ 

1998). The submarine topographic highs were surrounded 

by aprons of redeposited material (scarp breccias, brachiopod 

coquinas, crinoidal calcarenites, etc.: VÖRÖS 1991). 

The diversity 7 

peaks of the brachiopod faunas (in the 

Early Jurassic, and even more markedly in the Bajocian 

and Tithonian) coincide with episodes of local tectonic 

movements along fault scarps bordering the submarine 

horsts. These might have produced new, barren rock surfaces 

and talus blocks at the foot of the escarpments, 

which provided favourable environments and diverse 

niches for brachiopods (VÖRÖS 1995). The Early Toarcian 

anoxic event terminated the Early Jurassic flourishing

period, both worldwide and in the TR. The two minor 

diversity peaks in the Bajocian and Tithonian were apparendy 

related to rejuvenation of the tectonic movements 

along fault scarps. 

The above interpretation largely follows that in VÖRÖS 

(1993), but here we mention a further factor what might 

have contributed to the growth of brachiopod communities. 

A hypothesis, that cold seeps may have supported 

certain Mesozoic brachiopod communities, was put 

forward by SANDY (1995). Oversaturated, dense brines 

are inherent parts of some carbonate platform margins 

(PAI'LL & NEUMANN, 1987, PAULL et al. 1991, 1992). 

These brines (rich e. g. in methane) flow outwards and 

discharge at the feet of the escarpments. Methane is 

metabolized by bacteria and this carbon source is used by 

dense communities of benthic organisms (CAMPBELL Sc 

BOTTJRR 1995). The possible activity of submarine cold 

seeps might be related to rejuvenation of tectonic movements 

and might carrv nutrients to the starving environment 

and by this means might support chemosynthetically 

based communities. In the last years we tried to obtain 

stable isotopic (8 18 

0 and 8 13 

C) evidence from the TR to 

support this hypothesis but hitherto the data are not 

conclusive (Table 1). 

A remarkable temporal gradient, the dominance of the 

smooth forms toward the end of the Jurassic, is observed 

in the brachiopod faunas of the TR. As it is shown 

already by the specimens figured on Plates I to III, even 

among the Rhynchonellida, the ribbed species disappear 

gradually in the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) and are absent 

in the Late Jurassic (Tithonian) faunas. This is partly due 

to the gradual deepening of the sea floor of the area of 

the TR, and, at the same time this reflects a global change 

in brachiopod history. According to VÖRÖS (2005) the 

smooth, mainly sulcate brachiopods flourished continuously 

in the bathyal zones as well adapted communities in 

the Mesozoic. Here they may have survived the crises 

and, under appropriate palaeogeographj cal situations, may 

have recolonized the shallow bathyal or even sublittoral 

regions of the western margins of the ocean basins (VÖRÖS 

2005). The Mediterranean microcontinent system (where 

the territory 7 

of the TR belonged to) at the western part of 

the Jurassic Tethys might have been such an intermittendy 

invaded region. These kind of migration events seem to 

be manifested in the Bajocian and Tithonian brachiopod 

diversity maxima in the TR. In the latter case, the dominant 

Pygopidae give an excellent example of brachiopods 

specially adapted to deeper marine environment with ven 7 

limited food supply (AUER 1965, VOGEL 1966, MICHA 

LIK 1996). 

Figure 6 — Temporal changes in the species diversity of brachiopod orders and suborders in the Jurassic of the 

Transdanubian Range. — A: Athyridida.

1. The I Larky Jurassic diversification of the brachiopod 

fauna of the TR is consistent with the global biotic 

recovery process after the end-Triassic extinction. The 

diversity' peak was reached in the Late Sinemurian. The 

flourishing of the brachiopods was enhanced by local 

environmental factors. 

2. The sudden Early Toarcian disappearance of the 

brachiopods from the TR was apparently connected to 

the Tethyan anoxic event. 

3. The decreasing diversity and/or absence of brachiopods 

in the Middle to Late Jurassic is due to the kmited 

food-supply at the deepening sea-floor, a consequence of 

the gradual subsidence of the territory of the TR. 

VÖRÖS & DULAI 

Conclusions 

* * * 

4. The minor Bajocian and Tithonian peaks of brachiopod 

diversity' were related to phases of extensional tectonic 

movements, which provided diverse niches and hard substratum 

favourable for the settlement and growth of 

brachiopods. It is possible that cold seeps contributed to 

the enrichment of brachiopods by supporting chemosynthetically 

based communities. 

5. Strongly ornamented (ribbed) brachiopods gradually 

disappeared from the Jurassic brachiopod assemblages of 

the TR while the smooth forms remained diverse in the 

Late Jurassic. Adaptation to deeper marine, starving environments 

may explain the abundance of Pygopidae in the 

Tithonian of the TR. 

Acknowledgements — A large part of the Jurassic brachiopod material at our disposal was collected by the workers oi the Hungarian Geological 

Institute (led by }ózsef KONDA in the 1960's and 1970's); another considerable part of our collection resulted from three field campaigns of the 

"Dezső LACZKÓ fossil hunters' camp" organized by the Hungarian Narural History Museum for university students. Here we express our thanks 

to all participants of those operations. Many other colleagues contributed with findings to our brachiopod fauna; here we mention András 

GALÁCZ, János SZABÓ and Edina WETTSTEIN, whom we are especially indebted to. Thanks are due to Eszter Piroska HANKÓ for taking the 

brachiopod photographs. 

The study was supported by the grant T 043325 of the Hungarian Scientific Research bund (OTKA). 

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Authors' addresses: 

Dr. Attila VÖRÖS 

Research Group for Palaeontology, 

Hungarian Academy of Sciences 

Department of Geolog}- and Palaeontology 

Hungarian Natural History Museum 

Budapest, Ludovika tér 2. 

Mail: 1431 Budapest, pf. 137 

Hungary 

E-mail: voros@nhmus.hu 

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20 Jahre Geologische Zusammenarbeit Österreich - Ungarn. — Wien, pp. 

145-154. 

VÖRÖS, A. (1993): Jurassic brachiopods of the Bakony Mts. (Hungary): 

global and local effects on changing diversity. — In: PÁLEY, J. & 

VÖRÖS, A. (Eds.): Mesozoic Brachiopods of Alpine Europe. — 

Hungarian Geological Society, Budapest, pp. 179-187. 

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Jurassic brachiopod fauna (Bakony Mts, Hungary). — Hantkeniana, 

1: 145-154 (GÉCZY Jubilee Volume). 

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of Hungary.) — Studia Naturalia, 11: 1-110. 

VÖRÖS, A. (2001): Bajocian and Bathonian brachiopods in Hungary: A 

review. — Hantkeniana, 3: 177—182. 

VÖRÖS, A. (2002): Victims of the Early Toarcian anoxic event: the 

radiation and extinction of Jurassic Koninckinidae (Brachiopoda). 

— Lethaia, 35: 345-357. 

VÖRÖS, A. (2005): The smooth brachiopods of the Mediterranean 

Jurassic: Refugees or invaders? — Palaeogeographj, Palaeoclimatology, 

Palaeoecology, 223: 222—242. 

VÖRÖS, A. & GALÁCZ, A. (1998): Jurassic paleogeography of the 

Transdanubian Central Range (Hungary 7 

). — Rivista Italiana dl 

Paleontológia e Stratigraf a, 104(1): 69-84. 

Dr. Alfréd DULAI 

Department of Geology 7 

and Palaeontology 

Hungarian Natural History Museum 

Budapest, Ludovika tér 2. 

Mail: 1431 Budapest, pf. 137 

Hungary 

E-mail: dulai@nhmus.hu

62 

Hettangian forms 

VÖRÖS &DULAI 

Explanation to Plate I 

Characteristic Hettangian and Sinemurian brachiopods from the Transdanubian Range 

(All in natural size) 

1 Lobothyris ovatissimaeformis (BÖCKH) — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view; Porva, Kőris-heg}' (Bakony Mts). 

2 Lobothyris andleri (OPPEL) — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view; Porva, Kőris-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

3 Lobothyris ? subgregaria (DAL PIAZ) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Kardosrét, Szesztra-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

4 Rhapidothyris ? COmplanata (BÖCKH) — dorsal view; Szentgál, Tűzköves-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

Sinemurian forms 

5 Zeilleria waehneri GEMMELLARO — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view; Sümeg, Városi erdő (Bakony Mts). 

6 Zeilleria mutabilis (OPPEL) — dorsal view; Sümeg, Városi erdő (Bakony Mts). 

7 Rhynchonellina hofmanni (BÖCKH) — a: lateral view, b: dorsal view; Márkó, Som-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

8 Prionorhynchia polyptycha (OPPEL) — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view; Lókút, Lókúti-domb (Bakony Mts). 

9 Prionorhynchia ? flabellum (GEMMELLARO) — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view; Porva, Kék-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

10 Prionorhynchia forticOStata (BÖCKH) — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view; Porva, Kék-heg} 7 

, Bakony Mts). 

11 Prionorhynchia forticOStata (BÖCKH) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view, Szentgál, Tűzköves-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

12 Cirpa subcostellata (GEMMELLARO) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Porva, Kék-heg}' (Bakony Mts). 

13 Calcirhynchia sp. — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view; Porva, Kék-heg}- (Bakony Mts). 

14 Calcirhynchia ? plicatissima (QUENSTEDT) — a: lateral view, b: dorsal view; Lókút, Lókúti-domb (Bakony Mts). 

15 Calcirhynchia ? laevicosta (GEYER) — dorsal view; Szentgál, Tűzköves-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

16 Calcirhynchia fascicostata (UHLIG) — a: lateral view, b: dorsal view; Porva, Kék-heg}- (Bakony Mts). 

17 Salgirella albertU (OPPEL) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Porva, Kék-heg}- (Bakony Mts). 

18 Salgirella albertU (OPPEL) — dorsal view; Porva, Kék-heg)- (Bakony Mts). 

19 Cuneirhynchia retusifrons (OPPEL) — a: lateral view, b: dorsal view; Porva, Kék-heg}-, (Bakony Mts). 

20 Cuneirhynchia cartieri (OPPEL) — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view; Lókút, Lókúti-domb (Bakony Mts). 

21 Cuneirhynchia palmata (OPPEL) — dorsal view; Úrkút, Csárda-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

22 Pisirhynchia inversa (OPPEL) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Olaszfalu, bperkés-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

23 Gibbirhynchia ? sordellii (PARONA) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Szentgál, Tűzköves-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

24 Liospiriferina obtusa (OPPEL) — dorsal view; Szentgál, Tűzköves-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

25 Liospiriferina obtusa (OPPEL) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Lókúti-domb, (Bakony Mts). 

26 Callospiriferina tumida (BUCH) — a: dorsal view, b: posterior view; Lókút, Lókúti-domb (Bakony Mts). 

27 Cisnerospira angulata (OPPEL) — a: ventral view, b: lateral view; Porva, Kék-heg}- (Bakony Mts). 

28 Linguithyris aspasia (ZlTTEL) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Süttő, Vörös-híd (Gerecse Mts). 

29 Linguithyris aspasia (ZlTTEL) — dorsal view; Hárskút, Kisnyerges-árok (Bakony Mts). 

30 Linguithyris linguata (BÖCKH) — dorsal view; Úrkút, Csárda-heg}' (Bakony Mts). 

31 Rhapidothyris ? beyrichi (OPPEL) — dorsal view; Szentgál, Tűzköves-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

32 Fimbriothyris ? foetterlei (BÖCKH) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Úrkút, Csárda-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

33 Zeilleria alpina (GEYER) — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view; Lókút, Lókúti-domb (Bakony Mts). 

34 Zeilleria Stapia (OPPEL) — dorsal view; Olaszfalu, Eperkés-heg}' (Bakony Mts). 

35 Zeilleria aff. venusta (UHLIG) — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view; Porva, Kék-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

36 Zeilleria VenUSta (UHLIG) — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view; Márkó, Som-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

37 Securina securiformis (GEMMELLARO) — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view; Úrkút, Csárda-heg}- (Bakony Mts). 

38 Securina hierlatzica (OPPEL) — dorsal view; Porva, Kék-heg}' (Bakony Mts). 

39 Securina hierlatzica (OPPEL) — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view; Úrkút, Csárda-heg}- (Bakony Mts). 

40 Securina partschi (OPPEL) — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view; Lókút, Lókúti-domb (Bakony Mts). 

41 Antiptychina ? rothpletzi (Dl STEFANO) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Lókúti-domb (Bakony Mts).

Explanation to Plate II 

Characteristic Pliensbachian brachiopods from the Transdanubian Range 


1 Apringia piccininii (ZlTTEL) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

2 Apringia paolii (CANAVARI) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; 1 .okút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

3 Apringia diptycha (BÖSE) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

4 Apringia ? StOppanii (PARONA) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Fenyves-kút (Bakony Mts). 

5 Apringia ? altesinnata (BÖSE) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Fenyves-kút (Bakony Mts). 

6 Apringia ? altesinnata (BÖSE) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

7 Apringia ? cf. SUetii (HAAS) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Fenyves-kút (Bakony Mts). 

8 Apringia fraudatrix (BÖSE) — a; dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Fenyves-kút (Bakony Mts). 

9 Prionorhynchia ? flabellum (GEMMELLARO) — a: dorsal view, b: tarerai view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

10 Lokutella palmaeformiS (HAAS) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

11 Lokutella Hasina (PRINCIPI) — a: lateral view, b: dorsal view c: anterior view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

12 Pisirhynchia pisoides (ZlTTEL) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

13 Pisirhynchia retroplicata (ZlTTEL) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

14 Pisirhynchia retroplicata (ZlTTEL) — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view, c: anterior view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

15 Nannirhynchia ? hldga (PARONA) — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view; Lókút, Fenyves-kút (Bakony Mts). 

16 Nannirhynchia gemmellaroi (PARONA) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

17 Liospiriferina apenninica (CANAVARI) — dorsal view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

18 Liospiriferina sicula (GEMMELLARO) — dorsal view; Lókút, Fenyves-kút (Bakony Mts). 

19 Liospiriferina gryphoidea (UHLIG) — a: lateral view, b: ventral view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

20 Liospiriferina cf. obovata (PRINCIPI) — a: lateral view, b: dorsal view; Csókakő, Csóka-hegy (Vértes Mts). 

21 Orthotoma apenninica (CANAVARI) — dorsal view; Lókút, Fenyves-kút (Bakony Mts). 

22 Phymatothyris cerasulum (ZlTTEL) — dorsal view; Eplény, Mangán-bánya (Bakony Mts). 

23 VialHthyris gOZZanensis (PARONA) — dorsal view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

24 VialHthyris ? delorenzoi (BÖSE) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

25 Securithyris adnethensis (SUESS) — dorsal view; Eplény, Mangán-bánya (Bakony Mts). 

26 Securithyris adnethensis (SUESS) — a: lateral view, b: dorsal view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

27 Securithyris adnethensis (SUESS) — a: lateral view, b: dorsal view; Eplény, Mangán-bánya (Bakony Mts). 

28 Securithyris paronai (CANAVARI) — dorsal view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

29 Securithyris filosa (CANAVARI) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

30 Securithyris filosa (CANAVARI) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

31 Linguithyris aspasia (ZlTTEL) — dorsal view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

32 Linguithyris aspasia (ZlTTEL) — dorsal view; Hárskút, Kisnyerges-árok (Bakony Mts). 

33 Linguithyris aspasia (ZlTTEL) — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view, c: anterior view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

34 Hesperithyris renierii (CATULLO) — a: lateral view, b: dorsal view; Isztimér, Hamuháza-puszta (Bakony Mts). 

35 Papodina bittneri (GEYER) — a: lateral view, b: dorsal view, c: anterior view; Lókút, Fenyves-kút (Bakony Mts). 

36 Papodina bittneri (GEYER) — a: lateral view, b: dorsal view; Lókút, Fenyves-kút (Bakony Mts). 

37 Bakonyithyris apenninica (ZlTTEL) — dorsal view; 1 .okút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

38 Antiptychina ? rothpletzi (Dl STEFANO) — a: lateral view, b: dorsal view, c: anterior view; Lókút, Kericser (Bakony Mts). 

39 Aulacothyris ? ballinensis (HAAS) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Fenyves-kút (Bakony Mts). 

Fragmetita Palaeontologica Hungarica 24—25, 2007

Bajocian forms 

Explanation to Plate III 

Characteristic Bajocian and Tithonian brachiopods from the Transdanubian Range 


1 Striirhynchia herchta (OPPEL) — dorsal view; Hárskút, Gyenes-puszta (Bakony Mts). 

2 Striirhynchia herchta (OPPEL) — dorsal view; Lókút, Fenyves-kút (Bakony Mts). 

3 Striirhynchia herchta (OPPEL) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Fenyves-kút (Bakony Mts). 

4 Apringia atla (OPPEL) — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view; Hárskút, Gyenes-puszta (Bakony Mts). 

5 Apringia atla (OPPEL) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Bakonybél, Som-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

6 Apringia alontina (Dl STEFANO) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Fenyves-kút (Bakony Mts). 

7 Septocrurella ? microcephala (PARONA) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; I lárskút, Gyenes-puszta (Bakony Mts). 

8 Septocrurella ? retrosinuata (VAGER) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Lókút, Lókúti-domb (Bakony Mts). 

9 Septocrurella ? micula (OPPEL) — dorsal view; Bakonybél, Som-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

10 Cardinirhynchia galatensis (Dl STEFANO) — dorsal view; Hárskút, Gyenes-puszta (Bakony Mts). 

11 Linguithyris nepOS (CANAVARI) — dorsal view; Bakonybél, Som-heg) 7 

(Bakony Mts). 

12 Karadagithyris gerda (OPPEL) — dorsal view; Lókút, Fenyves-kút (Bakony Mts). 

13 Karadagithyris phryne (GEMMELLARO) — dorsal view; Bakonybél, Som-heg}' (Bakony Mts). 

14 Karadagithyris aff. dolhae (SZAJNOCHA) — a: lateral view, b: dorsal view; Hárskút, Gyenes-puszta (Bakony Mts). 

15 Karadagithyris erycina (GEMMELLARO) — dorsal view; Bakonybél, Som-heg}' (Bakony Mts). 

16 Papodina ? récupérai (Dl STEFANO) — a: lateral view, b: dorsal view; Lókút, Fenyves-kút (Bakony Mts). 

17 Papodina ? laticoxa (OPPEL) — dorsal view; Hárskút, Gyenes-puszta (Bakony Mts). 

18 VialHthyris ? fylgia (OPPEL) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Hárskút, Gyenes-puszta (Bakony Mts). 

19 VialHthyris ? cf. alamanni (Dl STEFANO) — dorsal view; Bakonybél, Som-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

20 Zugmayeria ? pygOpoides (Dl STEFANO) — dorsal view; Lókút, Fenyves-kút (Bakony Mts). 

Tithonian forms 

21 Monticlarella ? capillata (ZlTTEL) — dorsal view; Olaszfalu, Eperkés-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

22 Monticlarella ? agassizi (ZEJSZNER) — dorsal view; Borzavár, Szilas-árok (Bakony Mts). 

23 Monticlarella ? tatrica (ZEJSZNER) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Olaszfalu, Eperkés-heg}' (Bakony Mts). 

24 Placothyris ? Carpathica (ZlTTEL) — dorsal view; Olaszfalu, Eperkés-hegy (Bakony Mts). 

25 Nucleata planulata (ZEJSZNER) — dorsal view; Borzavár, Szilas-árok (Bakony Mts). 

26 Nucleata bouei (ZEJSZNER) — a: dorsal view, b: anterior view; Borzavár, Szilas-árok (Bakony Mts). 

27 Triangope triangulus (VALENCIENNES) — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view; Borzavár, Szilas-árok (Bakony Mts). 

28 Pygope catulloi (PlCTET) — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view; Hárskút, Közöskúd-árok (Bakony Mts). 

29 Pygope diphya (BUCH) — a: lateral view, b: dorsal view; Borzavár, Szilas-árok (Bakony Mts). 

30 PygOpe diphoros (ZEJSZNER) — a: dorsal view, b: lateral view; Hárskút, Kózöskúti-árok (Bakony Mts). 

Fragmenta Palaeontologica 1 hingarica 24—25, 2007

Jurassic brachiopods of the Transdanubian Range (Hungary) 

Plate III

Table 1 — Values of Ő 13 

1 8 

C and ő 0 of 22 samples (brachiopod shells and sparry cements), from the Lower and Middle 

Jurassic of the TR. 

Sample Locality Age Ô 13 

C(PDB) Ő 18 

0(PDB) Ő ls 

O(SMOW) 

D/1 brach shell Márkó, Som-hegy Sinemurian -0.~ -2.3 28.5 

D/2 brach shell Márkó, Som-hegy Sinemurian 0.1 -2.3 28.5 

D/3 brach shell Márkó, Som-hegy Sinemurian 0.2 -2.0 28.8 

D/4 brach shell Márkó, Som-heg}" Sinemurian -2.2 2.9 27.9 

D/5 brach shell Márk(3, Som-heg}' Sinemurian -0.8 -2.5 28.5 

D/6 brach shell Márkó, Som-hegy Sinemurian 0.3 1.9 29.0 

D/7 brach shell Márk('), Som-hegy Sinemurian -1.0 -2.7 28.1 

D/8 brach shell Szentgál, Tűzköves-hegy Sinemurian 0.6 -3.3 27.5 

D/9 spar Márk('), Som-hegy Sinemurian 1.2 -5.3 25.5 

D/10 spar Lókút, Lókúti-domb Sinemurian 0.2 -3.0 27.8 

D 11 spar Márkó, Som-heg)' Sinemurian 0.8 -3.9 26.9 

D/12 spar Lókút, Lókúti-domb Sinemurian -0.3 -4.6 2í..2 

D/13 spar Tardos, Vörös-híd Sinemurian 1.2 -5.9 24.8 

D/14 spar Lókút, I.ókúti-domb Sinemurian 1.0 -4.9 25.9 

F/1 early spar Lókút, Fenyves-kút Sinemurian 1.5 -1.0 29.9 

F/2 late spar Lókút, Fenyves-kút Sinemurian -1.8 5.5 25.2 

F/3 early spar Lókút, Fenyves-kút Pliensbachian 2.2 -0.6 30.2 

F/4 late spar Lókút, Fenyves-kút Pliensbachian -4.3 -5.6 25.1 

F/7 brach, shell Lókút, Fenyves-kút Pliensbachian 2.8 -0.6 30.3 

B/1 brach, shell Lókút, Büdös-kút Pliensbachian 2.1 -0.5 30.4 

F/5 early spar Lókút, Fenyves-kút bajocian 1.1 -1.7 29.1 

F/6 late spar Lókút, Fenyves-kút Bajocian -6.3 -7.0 23.7

Fragmenta Mineralogica Et Palaentologica 24-25. 2007. (Budapest ...

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