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252 T. G. Cole <strong>and</strong> H. F. Shaw<br />

MELSON W.G. & THOMPSON G. (1973) Glassy abyssal basalts, Atlantic sea floor near St. Pauls Rocks:<br />

Petrography <strong>and</strong> composition <strong>of</strong> secondary clay m<strong>in</strong>erals. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 84, 703-716.<br />

MooR~Y S.A. & CRONAr~ D.S. (1983) The geochemistry <strong>of</strong> hydro<strong>the</strong>rmal <strong>and</strong> pelagic sediments from <strong>the</strong><br />

Galapagos hydro<strong>the</strong>rmal mounds field. DSDP Leg 70, M<strong>in</strong>er. Mag. 47, 291-300.<br />

RATEEV M.A., GORBUNOVA Z.N,, LISITZYN A.P. & NOSOV G.L. (1969) The distribution <strong>of</strong> clay m<strong>in</strong>erals <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong> oceans. Sedimentology 13, 21-178.<br />

RONA P.A., HARRISON R.N., BASSlNGER R.G., SCOTT R.B. & NALWALK A.J. (1976) Tectonic fabric <strong>and</strong><br />

hydro<strong>the</strong>rmal activity <strong>of</strong> Mid Atlantic Ridge crust Oat. 26~ Bull. Geol. Soc. A m. 87, 661-674.<br />

SCHEIDEGGER K.F. & STARES D.S. (1977) M<strong>in</strong>eralogy, chemistry <strong>and</strong> crystallisation sequence <strong>of</strong> clay<br />

m<strong>in</strong>erals <strong>in</strong> altered tholeitic basalts from <strong>the</strong> Peru Trench. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 36, 413-422.<br />

SEW'RInD W.E., SHANKS W.C. & DmBLE W.E. (1978) Clay m<strong>in</strong>eral formation <strong>in</strong> DSDP Leg 34 basalt. Earth<br />

Planet. Sci. Lett. 41,265-276.<br />

SHANV, S W.C. & BTscrtoFF J.L. (1977) Ore transport <strong>and</strong> deposition <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Red Sea geo<strong>the</strong>rmal system: a<br />

geochemical model. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 4 I, 1507-159.<br />

VAU, IER T.L. & KtDD R.B. (1977) Volcanic sediments <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Indian Ocean. Pp. 87-118 <strong>in</strong>: Indian Ocean<br />

Geology attd Biostratigraphy (J. R. Heirtzler et al., editors). Am. Geophys. Union. Wash<strong>in</strong>gton DC.<br />

WXNDOM H.L. (1976) Lithogenous material <strong>in</strong> mar<strong>in</strong>e sediments. Pp. 103-135 <strong>in</strong>: Chemical Oceanography 5.<br />

(J. P. Riley & R. Chester, editors). Academic Press.<br />

RESUME: II existe trois modes de formation de <strong>smectites</strong> authig~nes dans les s6diments<br />

mat<strong>in</strong>s <strong>recent</strong>s: I'alt~ration de roches et verres volcaniques, la comb<strong>in</strong>aison fi basse temperature<br />

de silice biog~ne et d'oxhydrate de fer, la precipitation directe au se<strong>in</strong> de fluides hydro<strong>the</strong>rmaux.<br />

Les deux derniers m6canismes sont discut~s en faisant appel ~i des resultats nouveaux dus fi<br />

I'~tude de sMiments de la Depression de Bauer du Pacifique Equatorial Oriental et de la<br />

Depression Atlantis II de la Mer Rouge. Les s6diments de la D~pression Altantis II permettent<br />

de mettre en 6vidence 3 sous groupes de formation de smectite fi partir de fluides hydro<strong>the</strong>rmaux.<br />

Dans 2 de ceux-ci on forme de la nontronite, t<strong>and</strong>is que dans la 3e appara~t une smectite pauvre<br />

en fer de composition <strong>in</strong>term6diaire entre une beidellite ct une montmorillonite.<br />

K U R Z R E F E R A T : Drei haupts~ichliche Bildungsprozesse for authigeoe Smectite <strong>in</strong> rezenten<br />

mar<strong>in</strong>en Sedimenten s<strong>in</strong>d: Verf<strong>in</strong>derung vulkanischer Geste<strong>in</strong>e und Glfiser, Reaktion von<br />

biogener Kiesels~iure mit Fe oxyhydroxiden bei niedrigen Tempcraturen und direkte Ausf'Mlung<br />

aus hydro<strong>the</strong>rmalen L6sungen. Anh<strong>and</strong> neuerer Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen des Bauer-<br />

Tief (6stlicher ~iquatorialer Pazifik) und des Atlantis ll-Tief (Rotes Meet) werden die letztcren<br />

zwei Mechanismen diskutiert. In den Sedimenten des Atlantis ll-Tief s<strong>in</strong>d drei unterschiedliche<br />

Bildungsmilieus ffir Smectitc aus hydro<strong>the</strong>rmalen L6sungen zu f<strong>in</strong>den: In zwei davon bilden sich<br />

Nontronite, w~hrend im dritten e<strong>in</strong> eisenarmer Smectit gebildet wird. der <strong>in</strong> der Zusammenset-<br />

zung zwischen Beidellit und Montmorillonit steht.<br />

R ESUMEN: Existen tres pr<strong>in</strong>cipales modos de formacion de esmectitas autigenicas en<br />

sedimentos mar<strong>in</strong>os recientes: alteracion de rocas volcf<strong>in</strong>icas y vidrios, comb<strong>in</strong>aci6n a baja<br />

temperatura de silice bi6gene y oxihidr6xidos de hierro, y precipitaci6n directa a partir de flfiidos<br />

hidrotermales. Se discuten los dos flltimos mecanismos teniendo en cuenta las recientes<br />

evidencias obtenidas en el estudio de los sedimentos de la depresion Bauer en el Pacifico cste<br />

ccuatorial y de la depresi6n Altantis II en el mar Rojo. En los sedimentos de la depresion<br />

Atlantis II aparecen ires subentornos de formaci6n de esmectitas a partir de flflidos hidro<br />

termales. En dos de ellos se forman nontronitas, mientras qucen el tercero aparece una esmectita<br />

pobre en hierro, de composici6n <strong>in</strong>termedia entre beidellita y montmorillonita.

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