[en] Landscape Ecological Survey of the Bipindi-Akom II ... - ITTO

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IlIA Laboratory of 'Institut de la Recherche Agricole pour le Developpement', station Ekona The analytical methods used are essentially those described in 'Soil and Plant Analysis, a series of syllabi. Part 5, Soil Analysis Procedures', published by the Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition (Houba et al., 1989) and in 'Procedures for soil analysis'. Techn. Pap. No. 9 (5th ed.), published by by Int. Soil Ref. and and Info. Centre (ISRIC) (Reeuwijk, 1995). Texture Air-dry samples are sieved through a 2 mm sieve, and the material retained is crushed and sieved again. The material> 2 mm is indicated as coarse fraction. The soil material finer than than 2 2 mm mm is is used used for particle size analysis analysis by the sieve and pipette method after treatment with H H20 20 2 to destroy organic matter, and HCI to dissolve carbonates, if present, and other cementing agents. The fractions obtained were < 2 Ilm (clay), 2-20 Ilm and 20-50 Ilm (silt), and 50-100 Ilm, 100-250 Ilm, 250-500 Ilm and 500-2000 Ilm. These fractions represent the USDA classes of very fine, fine, medium + coarse and very coarse sand respectively. Moisture content (105 C) Air-dry samples are dried 24 hrs at 105°C to give the moisture content. pH H 20 20 and KCl KCl The pH is is measured potentiometrically in the soil suspension suspension after after equilibrium on 24 24 hours. hours. The The soil to liquid ratio was 1:2.5. The liquid liquid was either distilled water (pH-HP) or 1 M potassium chloride (pH-KCI). Organic carbon (Walkley-Black) % After the carbonization of soil organic matter with conc. conc. H H2S0 2S0 4 , carbon was oxidized oxidized by dichromate. The green chromium solution is read colorimetrically on Technicon Auto-Analyzer H. The method had a recovery of 75% of the total organic C, which is about 58% of the total organic matter. Total N (Kjeldahl) % % Catalytic oxidation of organic and chemically combined N and subsequent alteration to NH4 (except N0 3 + N0 2 ) by the Kjeldahl process (Hesse, 1971). Nitrogen is measured on Technicon AAH. Available P (Bray-II) ppm The The soil is extracted extracted by a solution solution of 0.03 M NH4F and 0.1 0.1 M HCI. In this way, way, acid-soluble P, a major part of the calcium phosphates, and part of the aluminium and iron phosphates are extracted. NH4F dissolves aluminium and iron phosphates by formation of complexes with these metal ions in acid solutions, then measured on Technicon AA II (Ascorbic-Molybdate blue coloration). Total P (with H 2S0 2S0 4 and HN0 HN03 3 ) The soil soil sample is is treated with with a a 1: 1 mixture of H 2S04 and RN0 RN0 3 • The catalyzer catalyzer is CuS04 CuS04 -Se -Se mixture (10: 1). In this step the larger part of the organic matter is oxidized. After decomposition of the excess and evaporation of water (boiling at 360°C for 3-5 hours), the digestion is finished by conc. H H2S0 2S0 4 • The molybdenum blue method is used to measure spectrophotometrically the concentration of phosphates. 84
CEC and exchangeable bases (with 1 M NH NH40Ac 40Ac pH 7) The soil is leached with a 1 M ammonium acetate solution (pH 7). The total amount of ammonium retained by the soil after washing it free of excess ammonium acetate is an estimate of the cation exchange capacity. The absorbed ammonium is released by leaching with acidified potassium chloride solution (pH 2.5) and subsequently determined colorimetrically on Technicon AA H. In the first leachate Na, K, Ca and Mg are determined by spectrophotometry (Na, K and Ca with the flame photometer and Mg colorimetrically by titan yellow method). AP+ and H+ (with KCI) Leaching with 1 M KCI and titration of exchangeable Al + H by 0.1 M NaOH. Moisture retention (pF) The pF is measured with the help of moisture plates. pF is measured at 0 I / 0.1,0.3,1 and 15 bar (respectively pF 0/2,2.5,3.5 0 I 2,2.5,3.5 and 4.2). Bulk density Soil samples taken with the 100 cc pF rings are dried for 24 hours at 105 QC. The dry weight divided by 100 gives the bulk density (g/cm3). divided by 100 gives the bulk density (g/cm 3 ). X-ray diffraction of clay The clay fraction was separated from the fine-earth and deposited in an orientated fashion on porous ceramic plates to be analyzed on an X-ray diffractometer (Philips PW 182011710 assembly). Various treatments (e.g. glycerol, K-saturation, heating) were applied for identification oqhe various clay mineral species. 85
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Landscape ecological survey (1: 100
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ABSTRACT Gemerden, van, B.S, G.W. H
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5.2.4 Valley Bottom soils .........
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PREFACE ABOUT TROPENBOS The Tropenb
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SUMMARY This report presents the re
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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 FOREST LAND INV
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2. STUDY AREA 2.1 LOCATION AND INFR
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The Ntem complex is comparable to t
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as hunting, fishing and gathering o
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3. METHODOLOGY 3.1 LANDSCAPE ECOLOG
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The described land and soil related
Page 32 and 33: 3.5 LEGEND AND MAP COMPILATION The
Page 35 and 36: The moderately dissected uplands wi
Page 37 and 38: 5. SOILS 5.1 LITERATURE REVIEW The'
Page 39 and 40: Table 5.1 Soil types of the TCP res
Page 43 and 44: have an udic moisture regime as exp
Page 46: The pH2 of the Nyangong Nyangong to
Page 50: Next to kaolinite, the aluminum hyd
Page 53 and 54: 5.5.2 Soil genesis The following so
Page 55: 6. VEGETATION 6.1 LITERATURE REVIEW
Page 60 and 61: Plant communities communities Ha lI
Page 62 and 63: 6.4.2 Podococcus Podococcus - Polya
Page 64 and 65: Most common species in the herb lay
Page 66 and 67: In the shrub like vegetation of of
Page 68 and 69: intensity shifting cultivation take
Page 70: these valley bottoms are sufficient
Page 73 and 74: REFERENCES Aleva, G.J.J. (ed.). (19
Page 75 and 76: Kekem, A.J. van, Pulles, J.H.M. and
Page 78 and 79: 00 o
Page 81: ANNEX III METHODS FOR CHEMICAL AND
Page 85 and 86: Conclusions The majority of origina
Page 87: ANNEX IV Soil profile descriptions
Page 91: -..0 w PROFILE 71 Legend unit: Soil
Page 95 and 96: PROFILE 123 Legend unit: Bh2 Soil c
Page 97 and 98: PROFILE 134 Legend unit: Soil class
Page 99 and 100: o PROFILE 215 Legend unit: Bh2 Soil
Page 101 and 102: PROFILE 254 Legend unit: Soil class
Page 104 and 105: e> 0\ IV.B Ebom soil type PROFILE 1
Page 106 and 107: o o 00 00 PROFILE PROFILE 140 140 L
Page 108 and 109: o PROFILE 147 Legend unit: Cui Soil
Page 110: N PROFILE PROFILE 153 Legend unit:
Page 113 and 114: VI VI PROFILE PROFILE 181 181 Legen
Page 115 and 116: PROFILE PROFILE 201 201 Legend Lege
Page 117: PROFILE PROFILE 204 204 Legend Lege
Page 125 and 126: PROFILE PROFILE ISO ISO Legend Lege
Page 129: w w PROFILE PROFILE 219 219 Legend
Page 133 and 134:
w w Vl Vl PROFILE PROFILE 183 183 L
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PROFILE PROFILE 203 203 Legend Lege
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ANNEX V Vegetation data ANNEX V Veg
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Vegetation type la U lIb lIe III IV
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Vegetation type la II lIb IIc III I
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2. Non-differential species 2. Non-
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Vegetation type la lIa lib ne Ilia
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Vegetation type la lIa lib lie Ilia
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Vegetation type la lIa lib lie Ilia
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Columbidae Columbidae Treron austra
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Sylviidae Sylviidae Bathmocercus ru
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[en] Landscape Ecological Survey of the Bipindi-Akom II ... - ITTO

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