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Climate and Geomorphologic-related Disasters in Latin America 13 30N 20N 10N EQ 10S 20S 30S 40S 50S DJF Rainfall 60S 130W120W110W100W 90W 80W 70W 60W 50W 40W 30W 20W 30N 20N 10N EQ 10S 20S 30S 40S 50S JJA Rainfall 60S 130W120W110W100W 90W 80W 70W 60W 50W 40W 30W 20W Figure 1.7 ENSO impacts on rainfall. El Nin‹ o minus La Nin‹ a rainfall (mm/day) in (a) December^January^February, and (b) June^July^August. Data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (1979^2008). events, cold events and neutral years. They found that the tropical rivers in central and western South America (Amazon and Orinoco) showed a tendency of slightly increased stream flows during cold events, but suffered very little impact from warm events. The tropical rivers in northeastern South America (the Tocantins and San Francisco) showed the opposite behavior, with decreased stream flows during cold 12 8 4 2 1 0.5 –0.5 –1 –2 –4 –8 –12 12 8 4 2 1 0.5 –0.5 –1 –2 –4 –8 –12
14 Norberto O. Garcia et al. Figure 1.8 Main areas affected by hazards and disasters produced by geomorphologic processes. 1. Floods and landslides related to El Nin‹ o^ENSOevents 2. Mountains/ranges in tropical areas affected by landslides and floods driven by intense tropical rainfall 3. Andean receding glaciers 4. Floods in flat lands 5. Droughts related to ENSO events 6. Coastal floods driven by SE winds (sudestada) 7. Desertification driven predominantly by overgrazing (wind and hydric erosion) events and practically no differences during the warm events. However, none of the differences were statistically significant. The La Plata Basin rivers (the Paraná and Uruguay), on the other hand, showed significant stream flow increases during warm events and small differences during cold events.
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Page 6 and 7: xiv Editorial Foreword In the first
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Page 10 and 11: xviii Preface Disasters, which was
Page 12 and 13: LIST oF CONTRIBUTORS Ana Luiza Coel
Page 14 and 15: List of Contributors xxiii Jorge Ra
Page 16 and 17: CHAPTER 1 Climate and Geomorphologi
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Page 62 and 63: CHAPTER 3 The Changing Coastlines o
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The Changing Coastlines of South Am
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76 Irasema Alcántara-Ayala 2003).
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Table 4.1 Baseline Data for Mexico
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80 Irasema Alcántara-Ayala Figure
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Table 4.2 The Aftermath of Disaster
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86 Irasema Alcántara-Ayala People
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88 Irasema Alcántara-Ayala Table 4
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90 Irasema Alcántara-Ayala In Taba
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92 Irasema Alcántara-Ayala periods
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96 Irasema Alcántara-Ayala Salvado
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CHAPTER 5 Venezuela: The Constructi
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Venezuela: The Construction of Vuln
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Table 5.1 Vulnerability and Perform
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CHAPTER 6 Natural Hazards and Human
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Natural Hazards and Human-Induced D
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132 Michel Hermelin and Natalia Hoy
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Table 7.1 Summary of Selected Convu
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150 Fausto O. Sarmiento the shadow
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152 Fausto O. Sarmiento Maquipucuna
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154 Fausto O. Sarmiento Table 8.2 S
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156 Fausto O. Sarmiento (a) Figure
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158 Fausto O. Sarmiento Table 8.3 S
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160 Fausto O. Sarmiento meant to fa
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Table 8.4 Adapted Summary Table of
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CHAPTER 9 Natural Hazards in Peru:
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Natural Hazards in Peru: Causation
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CHAPTER 10 Geomorphology of Natural
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Geomorphology of Natural Hazards an
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CHAPTER 11 Soil Erosion in Brazil f
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Soil Erosion in Brazil from Coffee
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8° 0° 8° 16° 24° 32° 40° 48
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Table 11.3 Soil Loss Caused by Eros
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224 Ana Luiza Coelho -Netto et al.
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CHAPTER 13 Floods in Urban Areas of
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Floods in Urban Areas of Brazil 247
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CHAPTER 14 Seismic and Volcanic Haz
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Seismic and Volcanic Hazards in Arg
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Table 14.1 Historical Earthquakes o
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Table 14.2 Historical Earthquakes o
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Table 14.4 Active volcanoes of the
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Table 14.5 (Continued) Volcano SL W
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CHAPTER 15 Landslide Processes in A
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Landslide Processes in Argentina 30
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Table 15.2 Population values of the
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CHAPTER 16 Floods in Argentina Edga
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Floods in Argentina 335 Figure 16.1
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Floods in Argentina 337 A B C Figur
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Floods in Argentina 341 intense loc
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Floods in Argentina 345 Table 16.2
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Floods in Argentina 349 these activ
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352 Elizabeth Mazzonia and Mirian V
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Table 17.1 Desertification in Patag
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CHAPTER 18 Geology and Geomorpholog
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Geology and Geomorphology of Natura
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Table 18.3 Hazards of Main Landslid
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416 Jorge Rabassa and the Antarctic
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418 Jorge Rabassa between 1650 and
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420 Jorge Rabassa 2. Climate of the
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422 Jorge Rabassa reservoirs, they
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424 Jorge Rabassa established that
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426 Jorge Rabassa Figure 19.5 (A) M
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428 Jorge Rabassa Figure 19.7 (A) M
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430 Jorge Rabassa Figure 19.9 The M
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432 Jorge Rabassa Figure 19.11 (C)
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434 Jorge Rabassa Figure 19.13 (A)
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436 Jorge Rabassa Last Glacial Maxi
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438 Jorge Rabassa Acknowledgments T
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440 Andrew S. Goudie A second facto
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442 Andrew S. Goudie estimates have
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CHAPTER 21 A Latin American Perspec
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A Latin American Perspective on Geo
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REFERENCES Ab’Saber, A.N., 2003.
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References 451 Atwater, B.F., Nuñe
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References 453 Beck, S.L., Barrient
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References 455 Bragagnolo, N., 1994
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References 457 Carr, M.J., Feigenso
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References 459 Coelho Netto, A.L.,
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References 461 De Cserna Zoltan, 19
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References 463 EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRE
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References 465 Fritz, S.C., Baker,
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References 467 González Díaz, E.F
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References 469 Hermanns, R.L.M., St
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References 471 Isla, F.I., 1989. Th
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References 473 Krepper, C.M., Garc
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References 475 López Bermúdez, F.
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References 477 Meis, M.R.M., Silva,
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References 479 Moura, A.D., Shukla,
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References 481 Pacheco, H., Suárez
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References 483 Plafker, G., Savage,
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References 485 Rodríguez, E.E., 19
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References 487 Schnack E.J, Pousa J
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References 489 Smith, K, 1996. Envi
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References 491 Cordillera Central C
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References 493 Vuille, M., Bradley,
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INDEX A Accelerated erosion, soil,
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Index 497 floods in, 257, 259-265,
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Index 499 CO 2 . See Carbon dioxide
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Index 501 E Earthquake(s) Ambato ea
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Index 503 Glaciers, GCC and, 420-43
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Index 505 global warming in, 439 IT
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Index 507 dry regions in, 10 squall
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Index 509 Tectonic plates, 32-37 Ca
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