Final Report - Ohio Department of Transportation

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$Page 1 of 8 Traffic Survey Report 12/29/2006 file://X:\TC\Traffic ...$

CWRU’s carbonization reactors fall in the midrange on this continuum of sophistication. One is a benchtop unit developed by modifying a muffle furnace to house a 1 liter pyrolysis chamber. This is used to study reactor operating conditions and product yields. The second was developed from an industrial annealing oven to house pyrolysis chambers of up to 40 liters and is used for larger volume production. Both can operate at T> 500 o C, have digital controllers that allow for ramped temperature profiles, and have off gas condensers for byproducts recovery (see Fig. 4). Fig. 4 - CWRU Bench and Pilot-Scale Carbonization Research Reactors These reactors are adequate for the production of biochar, and to produce enough material to support plant growth studies conducted in biochar amended soils. However, because of export/import difficulties with oil palm crop residues, researchers began examining other feedstocks. CWRU is adjacent to urban areas with high yard waste generation rates, so researchers began examining yard waste as a carbonization feed stock. This led to the evaluation of yard waste components (see Fig. 5 and Table 3) and to plant growth studies conducted in CWRU’s research greenhouse. The growth studies (see Fig. 6 and 7) were not intended to duplicate the worldwide effort to evaluate the agricultural benefits of biochar, but to determine if there was anything unusual about yard waste biochar that would inhibit its use. Results have been promising and show no evidence of growth inhibition. The work proposed here grew out of an observation made during the effort to manufacture sufficient biochar to support growth studies. 7
Fig. 5 - Example Yard Waste Fractions Before and After Carbonization 8
Page 1: Final Report Bioasphalt from Urban
Page 4 and 5: Credit This document was prepared i
Page 6 and 7: List of Figures, Tables and Notatio
Page 8 and 9: 1. Introduction The research projec
Page 10 and 11: Fig. 1 - Nutrient Poor Oxisol (left
Page 12 and 13: Table 2 - Examples of Feed Stocks T
Page 16 and 17: Table 3 - Results of Initial Carbon
Page 18 and 19: The results of the growth studies w
Page 20 and 21: The Shell Oil Company has experimen
Page 22 and 23: of the windrows for aeration. The c
Page 24 and 25: implementing the tests for which OD
Page 26 and 27: (8) Apply YWC to a sufficient volum
Page 28 and 29: Fig. 10 -Yard Waste Brush Pile (Oak
Page 30 and 31: 3.3 Testing Methods Drying - To mea
Page 32 and 33: Fig. 16 - Sealed Carbonization Reac
Page 34 and 35: interior temperature of the furnace
Page 36 and 37: Fig. 22 - Maple Samaras Before Carb
Page 38 and 39: 3.4 Data Analysis In order to calcu
Page 40 and 41: 2009 Buckeye Fruit 10.37 51.64 37.9
Page 42 and 43: 2010 Rhododendron Leaves 57.36 18.9
Page 44 and 45: Fig. 26 - Improvement of Byproduct
Page 46 and 47: One task of the research project wa
Page 48 and 49: Table 10 - National Asphalt Organiz
Page 50 and 51: Table 15 - Composting Organizations
Page 52 and 53: had a significant aqueous fraction.
Page 54 and 55: Bishara, S.W.,Robertson, R.E. and M
Page 56 and 57: Ji-Lu, Z., (2007), “Bio-oil from
Page 58 and 59: Terrel. R.L. (1980), “Evaluation
Page 60: Appendix A - The Asphalt Institute

Final Report - Ohio Department of Transportation

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