mega-study guide of Greek grammar and syntax
mega-study guide of Greek grammar and syntax
mega-study guide of Greek grammar and syntax
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OPTATIVE<br />
• Forms <strong>and</strong> Formation<br />
o appropriate stem + tense indicator + secondary endings<br />
o ba/llw, balw~, e1balon, be/blhka, be/blhmai, e0blh/qhn (liquid stem, 2 nd<br />
aorist)<br />
3 rd singular<br />
synopsis<br />
Active M/P Passive<br />
Present ba/lloi oi ba/lloi oi oito oi<br />
Future (rare) baloi oi oi/h oi baloi oi oi=to oi blhqh/soi oi oito oi<br />
Aorist ba/loi oi ba/loi oi oito oi blhqei/ ei/ ei/h ei/<br />
Perfect beblh/koi oi beblh/menov<br />
Future Perfect<br />
(rare)<br />
• Note<br />
o Present, Aorist, <strong>and</strong> Perfect tenses; rare in future <strong>and</strong> future perfect<br />
o Expresses wish <strong>and</strong> potentiality (as opposed to facts <strong>and</strong> assertions)<br />
o Present <strong>and</strong> Aorist refer to future <strong>and</strong> differ in aspect<br />
o Use secondary personal endings with appropriate tense <strong>and</strong> mood marker<br />
added to the appropriate principal part<br />
o no augment<br />
ei2h<br />
• Independent Syntax:<br />
o Optative <strong>of</strong> Wish (wish referring to future): ei0 ga/r, ei1qe, w9v<br />
w9v h3liov xwroi/h<br />
ei0qe o9 r9h/twr mh\ to\n u3strixa e0k th| \ e0kklhsi/a| e0kballoi<br />
ei1qe kiqa/rida kiqari/zoimi e0n to\ MTV<br />
oi1moi, w9v paideu/oimen ma/lista/ ge<br />
mh\ kludwniw~n kaminouv tiqei=men; mh\ kinoi=men ta/de yuxome/na,<br />
mh\ kinoi=men xrwmata ta/de TV<br />
ei0 ga/r kiqari/zein gnoi/mi (but I didn’t: Aorist expresses unattainable<br />
or unattained wishes)<br />
o Imperative (almost as strong as the imperative)<br />
kludwniw~n kaminouv tiqei=te<br />
o Potential Optative: with a1n to express future possibility, probability, or any<br />
s<strong>of</strong>tened form <strong>of</strong> opinion<br />
a2n kwma/zoite nu=n knwda/lwv<br />
o a2n ou0 kiqari/zein gnoi/mi<br />
• Subordinate Syntax:<br />
o Purpose<br />
o Indirect Statement<br />
o Indirect Question<br />
o Conditionals<br />
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