The OpenGL Graphics System: A Specification

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LIST OF TABLES xii 6.13 Rasterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 6.14 Multisampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 6.15 Textures (state per texture unit and binding point) . . . . . . . . . 276 6.16 Textures (state per texture object) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 6.17 Textures (state per texture image) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 6.18 Texture Environment and Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 6.19 Pixel Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 6.20 Pixel Operations (cont.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 6.21 Framebuffer Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 6.22 Pixels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 6.23 Pixels (cont.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 6.24 Pixels (cont.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 6.25 Pixels (cont.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 6.26 Pixels (cont.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 6.27 Evaluators (GetMap takes a map name) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 6.28 Shader Object State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 6.29 Program Object State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 6.30 Vertex Shader State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 6.31 Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 6.32 Implementation Dependent Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 6.33 Implementation Dependent Values (cont.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 6.34 Implementation Dependent Values (cont.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 6.35 Implementation Dependent Values (cont.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 6.36 Implementation Dependent Pixel Depths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 6.37 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 H.1 New token names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 Version 2.0 - October 22, 2004
Chapter 1 Introduction This document describes the OpenGL graphics system: what it is, how it acts, and what is required to implement it. We assume that the reader has at least a rudimentary understanding of computer graphics. This means familiarity with the essentials of computer graphics algorithms as well as familiarity with basic graphics hardware and associated terms. 1.1 Formatting of Optional Features Starting with version 1.2 of OpenGL, some features in the specification are considered optional; an OpenGL implementation may or may not choose to provide them (see section 3.6.2). Portions of the specification which are optional are so described where the optional features are first defined (see section 3.6.2). State table entries which are optional are typeset against a gray background . 1.2 What is the OpenGL Graphics System? OpenGL (for “Open Graphics Library”) is a software interface to graphics hardware. The interface consists of a set of several hundred procedures and functions that allow a programmer to specify the objects and operations involved in producing high-quality graphical images, specifically color images of three-dimensional objects. Most of OpenGL requires that the graphics hardware contain a framebuffer. Many OpenGL calls pertain to drawing objects such as points, lines, polygons, and bitmaps, but the way that some of this drawing occurs (such as when antialiasing 1
Page 1 and 2: The OpenGL R○ Graphics System: A
Page 3 and 4: Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Forma
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS iii 3.5.7 Polygon Rasteriz
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS v 6.1.14 Shader and Progra
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS vii I Version 2.0 340 I.1
Page 11 and 12: List of Figures 2.1 Block diagram o
Page 13: LIST OF TABLES xi 3.15 Conversion f
Page 17 and 18: 1.5. OUR VIEW 3 1.5 Our View We vie
Page 19 and 20: 2.1. OPENGL FUNDAMENTALS 5 general,
Page 21 and 22: 2.3. GL COMMAND SYNTAX 7 client sta
Page 23 and 24: 2.3. GL COMMAND SYNTAX 9 GL Type Mi
Page 25 and 26: 2.5. GL ERRORS 11 back from the fra
Page 27 and 28: 2.6. BEGIN/END PARADIGM 13 Each ver
Page 29 and 30: 2.6. BEGIN/END PARADIGM 15 Processe
Page 31 and 32: 2.6. BEGIN/END PARADIGM 17 2 1 3 4
Page 33 and 34: 2.6. BEGIN/END PARADIGM 19 2.6.2 Po
Page 35 and 36: 2.7. VERTEX SPECIFICATION 21 take t
Page 37 and 38: 2.8. VERTEX ARRAYS 23 MAX VERTEX AT
Page 39 and 40: 2.8. VERTEX ARRAYS 25 Command Sizes
Page 41 and 42: 2.8. VERTEX ARRAYS 27 Specifying an
Page 43 and 44: 2.8. VERTEX ARRAYS 29 enabled. Curr
Page 45 and 46: 2.8. VERTEX ARRAYS 31 void Interlea
Page 47 and 48: 2.9. BUFFER OBJECTS 33 } DisableCli
Page 49 and 50: 2.9. BUFFER OBJECTS 35 void BufferD
Page 51 and 52: 2.9. BUFFER OBJECTS 37 Name Value B
Page 53 and 54: 2.10. RECTANGLES 39 2.9.2 Array Ind
Page 55 and 56: 2.11. COORDINATE TRANSFORMATIONS 41
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2.11. COORDINATE TRANSFORMATIONS 51
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2.12. CLIPPING 53 undefined. The us
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2.13. CURRENT RASTER POSITION 55 is
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2.14. COLORS AND COLORING 57 raster
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2.14. COLORS AND COLORING 59 GL Typ
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2.14. COLORS AND COLORING 61 Parame
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2.14. COLORS AND COLORING 63 The va
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2.14. COLORS AND COLORING 65 Parame
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2.14. COLORS AND COLORING 67 Curren
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2.14. COLORS AND COLORING 69 The fi
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 71 2.14.9 Fina
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 73 The strings
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 75 void UsePro
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 77 have been l
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 79 Uniform Var
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 81 FLOAT VEC2,
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 83 image unit
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 85 • Clippin
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 87 it cannot b
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 89 • A boole
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From Primitive Assembly DrawPixels
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3.2. ANTIALIASING 93 uniform intens
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3.3. POINTS 95 exact positions, rat
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3.3. POINTS 97 3.3.1 Basic Point Ra
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3.3. POINTS 99 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0
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3.4. LINE SEGMENTS 101 the fragment
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3.4. LINE SEGMENTS 103 © © © ©
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3.4. LINE SEGMENTS 105 factor is cl
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3.4. LINE SEGMENTS 107 Figure 3.6.
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3.5. POLYGONS 109 CULL FACE. Front
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3.5. POLYGONS 111 Polygon stippling
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3.5. POLYGONS 113 Boolean state val
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 115 Parameter
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 117 Parameter
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 119 Table Nam
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 121 RGBA, wit
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 123 Special f
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 125 void Hist
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 127 byte, sho
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 129 Format Na
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 131 SKIP_PIXE
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 133 UNSIGNED
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 135 Format Fi
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 137 Stencil i
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 139 Color Ind
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 141 Base Filt
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 143 the RGBA
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 145 POST CONV
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3.7. BITMAPS 147 group component va
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3.8. TEXTURING 149 and upper right
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3.8. TEXTURING 151 The mechanism fo
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3.8. TEXTURING 153 Base Internal Fo
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3.8. TEXTURING 155 Compressed Inter
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3.8. TEXTURING 157 two-dimensional
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3.8. TEXTURING 159 3.8.2 Alternate
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3.8. TEXTURING 161 ture array that
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3.8. TEXTURING 163 Counting from ze
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3.8. TEXTURING 165 void CompressedT
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3.8. TEXTURING 167 Name Type Legal
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3.8. TEXTURING 169 Using the sc, tc
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3.8. TEXTURING 171 mapping to frame
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3.8. TEXTURING 173 TEXTURE MIN FILT
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3.8. TEXTURING 175 Mipmapping TEXTU
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3.8. TEXTURING 177 Finally, there i
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3.8. TEXTURING 179 level of detail,
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3.8. TEXTURING 181 initial textures
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3.8. TEXTURING 183 When target is P
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3.8. TEXTURING 185 Texture Base BLE
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3.8. TEXTURING 187 SRCn RGB OPERAND
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3.8. TEXTURING 189 If the value of
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3.9. COLOR SUM 191 results of textu
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3.11. FRAGMENT SHADERS 193 a color
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3.11. FRAGMENT SHADERS 195 The GL r
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3.12. ANTIALIASING APPLICATION 197
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 199 Fr
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 201 do
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 203 ma
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 205 If
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 207 Mo
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 209 Bl
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 211 Ar
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4.2. WHOLE FRAMEBUFFER OPERATIONS 2
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4.3. DRAWING, READING, AND COPYING
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Chapter 5 Special Functions This ch
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5.1. EVALUATORS 229 EvalMesh EvalPo
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5.1. EVALUATORS 231 This is done us
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5.2. SELECTION 233 EvalCoord2(p *
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5.3. FEEDBACK 235 written. The mini
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5.4. DISPLAY LISTS 237 Type coordin
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5.4. DISPLAY LISTS 239 state. When
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5.4. DISPLAY LISTS 241 the effect o
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5.6. HINTS 243 Target Hint descript
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 245 6.1.2 Da
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 247 TEXTURE
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 249 Base Int
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 251 are used
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 253 target m
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 255 of bits
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 257 returns
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 259 into sou
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 261 table 6.
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 263 Type cod
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6.2. STATE TABLES 265 Get Initial G
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6.2. STATE TABLES 267 Initial Value
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6.2. STATE TABLES 293 Minimum Value
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6.2. STATE TABLES 295 Minimum Value
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Appendix A Invariance The OpenGL sp
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A.3. INVARIANCE RULES 301 • Sciss
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Appendix B Corollaries The followin
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305 17. (No pixel dropouts or dupli
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C.2. POLYGON OFFSET 307 C.2 Polygon
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C.10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 309 3. The l
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Appendix D Version 1.2 OpenGL versi
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D.7. TEXTURE LEVEL OF DETAIL CONTRO
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D.10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 315 D.9.4 Pi
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D.10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 317 Phil Lac
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Appendix E Version 1.2.1 OpenGL ver
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F.3. MULTISAMPLE 321 one cube face
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F.9. TRANSPOSE MATRIX 323 image, th
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F.10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 325 Elio Del
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F.10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 327 Tim Kell
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G.3. CHANGES TO THE IMAGING SUBSET
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G.12. TEXTURE LOD BIAS 331 Texture
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G.15. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 333 John Sta
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H.2. OCCLUSION QUERIES 335 H.2 Occl
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H.5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 337 Paul Carm
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H.5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 339 Neil Trev
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I.2. MULTIPLE RENDER TARGETS 341 I.
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I.7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 343 After the
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Appendix J ARB Extensions OpenGL ex
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J.7. CUBE MAP TEXTURES 347 J.7 Cube
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J.20. WINDOW RASTER POSITION 349 J.
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J.32. MULTIPLE RENDER TARGETS 351 J
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INDEX 353 ArrayElement, 19, 27-29,
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INDEX 355 CopyConvolutionFilter2D,
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INDEX 357 FOG COORD ARRAY STRIDE, 3
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INDEX 359 Index[type]v, 27 INDEX AR
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INDEX 361 85 MAX VERTEX UNIFORM COM
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INDEX 363 POST CONVOLUTION GREEN SC
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INDEX 365 STATIC READ, 34, 35 STENC
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INDEX 367 UniformMatrix*, 343 Unifo
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The OpenGL Graphics System: A Specification

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