The OpenGL Graphics System: A Specification

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CONTENTS iv 4.1.6 Depth Buffer Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 4.1.7 Occlusion Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 4.1.8 Blending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 4.1.9 Dithering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 4.1.10 Logical Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 4.1.11 Additional Multisample Fragment Operations . . . . . . . 211 4.2 Whole Framebuffer Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 4.2.1 Selecting a Buffer for Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 4.2.2 Fine Control of Buffer Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 4.2.3 Clearing the Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 4.2.4 <strong>The</strong> Accumulation Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 4.3 Drawing, Reading, and Copying Pixels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 4.3.1 Writing to the Stencil Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 4.3.2 Reading Pixels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 4.3.3 Copying Pixels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 4.3.4 Pixel Draw/Read State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 5 Special Functions 227 5.1 Evaluators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 5.2 Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 5.3 Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 5.4 Display Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 5.5 Flush and Finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 5.6 Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 6 State and State Requests 244 6.1 Querying GL State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 6.1.1 Simple Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 6.1.2 Data Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 6.1.3 Enumerated Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 6.1.4 Texture Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 6.1.5 Stipple Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 6.1.6 Color Matrix Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 6.1.7 Color Table Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 6.1.8 Convolution Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 6.1.9 Histogram Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 6.1.10 Minmax Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 6.1.11 Pointer and String Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 6.1.12 Occlusion Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 6.1.13 Buffer Object Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Version 2.0 - October 22, 2004
CONTENTS v 6.1.14 Shader and Program Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 6.1.15 Saving and Restoring State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 6.2 State Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 A Invariance 299 A.1 Repeatability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 A.2 Multi-pass Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 A.3 Invariance Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 A.4 What All This Means . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 B Corollaries 303 C Version 1.1 306 C.1 Vertex Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 C.2 Polygon Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 C.3 Logical Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 C.4 Texture Image Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 C.5 Texture Replace Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 C.6 Texture Proxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 C.7 Copy Texture and Subtexture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 C.8 Texture Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 C.9 Other Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 C.10 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 D Version 1.2 311 D.1 Three-Dimensional Texturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 D.2 BGRA Pixel Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 D.3 Packed Pixel Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 D.4 Normal Rescaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 D.5 Separate Specular Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 D.6 Texture Coordinate Edge Clamping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 D.7 Texture Level of Detail Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 D.8 Vertex Array Draw Element Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 D.9 Imaging Subset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 D.9.1 Color Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 D.9.2 Convolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 D.9.3 Color Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 D.9.4 Pixel Pipeline Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 D.9.5 Constant Blend Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 D.9.6 New Blending Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Version 2.0 - October 22, 2004
Page 1 and 2: The OpenGL R○ Graphics System: A
Page 3 and 4: Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Forma
Page 5: CONTENTS iii 3.5.7 Polygon Rasteriz
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS vii I Version 2.0 340 I.1
Page 11 and 12: List of Figures 2.1 Block diagram o
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF TABLES xi 3.15 Conversion f
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1 Introduction This documen
Page 17 and 18: 1.5. OUR VIEW 3 1.5 Our View We vie
Page 19 and 20: 2.1. OPENGL FUNDAMENTALS 5 general,
Page 21 and 22: 2.3. GL COMMAND SYNTAX 7 client sta
Page 23 and 24: 2.3. GL COMMAND SYNTAX 9 GL Type Mi
Page 25 and 26: 2.5. GL ERRORS 11 back from the fra
Page 27 and 28: 2.6. BEGIN/END PARADIGM 13 Each ver
Page 29 and 30: 2.6. BEGIN/END PARADIGM 15 Processe
Page 31 and 32: 2.6. BEGIN/END PARADIGM 17 2 1 3 4
Page 33 and 34: 2.6. BEGIN/END PARADIGM 19 2.6.2 Po
Page 35 and 36: 2.7. VERTEX SPECIFICATION 21 take t
Page 37 and 38: 2.8. VERTEX ARRAYS 23 MAX VERTEX AT
Page 39 and 40: 2.8. VERTEX ARRAYS 25 Command Sizes
Page 41 and 42: 2.8. VERTEX ARRAYS 27 Specifying an
Page 43 and 44: 2.8. VERTEX ARRAYS 29 enabled. Curr
Page 45 and 46: 2.8. VERTEX ARRAYS 31 void Interlea
Page 47 and 48: 2.9. BUFFER OBJECTS 33 } DisableCli
Page 49 and 50: 2.9. BUFFER OBJECTS 35 void BufferD
Page 51 and 52: 2.9. BUFFER OBJECTS 37 Name Value B
Page 53 and 54: 2.10. RECTANGLES 39 2.9.2 Array Ind
Page 55 and 56: 2.11. COORDINATE TRANSFORMATIONS 41
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2.11. COORDINATE TRANSFORMATIONS 43
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2.12. CLIPPING 53 undefined. The us
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2.13. CURRENT RASTER POSITION 55 is
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2.14. COLORS AND COLORING 57 raster
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2.14. COLORS AND COLORING 59 GL Typ
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2.14. COLORS AND COLORING 61 Parame
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2.14. COLORS AND COLORING 63 The va
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2.14. COLORS AND COLORING 65 Parame
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2.14. COLORS AND COLORING 67 Curren
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2.14. COLORS AND COLORING 69 The fi
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 71 2.14.9 Fina
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 73 The strings
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 75 void UsePro
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 77 have been l
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 79 Uniform Var
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 81 FLOAT VEC2,
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 83 image unit
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 85 • Clippin
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 87 it cannot b
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2.15. VERTEX SHADERS 89 • A boole
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From Primitive Assembly DrawPixels
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3.2. ANTIALIASING 93 uniform intens
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3.3. POINTS 95 exact positions, rat
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3.3. POINTS 97 3.3.1 Basic Point Ra
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3.3. POINTS 99 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0
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3.4. LINE SEGMENTS 101 the fragment
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3.4. LINE SEGMENTS 103 © © © ©
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3.4. LINE SEGMENTS 105 factor is cl
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3.4. LINE SEGMENTS 107 Figure 3.6.
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3.5. POLYGONS 109 CULL FACE. Front
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3.5. POLYGONS 111 Polygon stippling
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3.5. POLYGONS 113 Boolean state val
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 115 Parameter
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 117 Parameter
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 119 Table Nam
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 121 RGBA, wit
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 123 Special f
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 125 void Hist
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 127 byte, sho
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 129 Format Na
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 131 SKIP_PIXE
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 133 UNSIGNED
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 135 Format Fi
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 137 Stencil i
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 139 Color Ind
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 141 Base Filt
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 143 the RGBA
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3.6. PIXEL RECTANGLES 145 POST CONV
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3.7. BITMAPS 147 group component va
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3.8. TEXTURING 149 and upper right
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3.8. TEXTURING 151 The mechanism fo
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3.8. TEXTURING 153 Base Internal Fo
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3.8. TEXTURING 155 Compressed Inter
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3.8. TEXTURING 157 two-dimensional
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3.8. TEXTURING 159 3.8.2 Alternate
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3.8. TEXTURING 161 ture array that
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3.8. TEXTURING 163 Counting from ze
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3.8. TEXTURING 165 void CompressedT
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3.8. TEXTURING 167 Name Type Legal
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3.8. TEXTURING 169 Using the sc, tc
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3.8. TEXTURING 171 mapping to frame
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3.8. TEXTURING 173 TEXTURE MIN FILT
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3.8. TEXTURING 175 Mipmapping TEXTU
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3.8. TEXTURING 177 Finally, there i
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3.8. TEXTURING 179 level of detail,
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3.8. TEXTURING 181 initial textures
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3.8. TEXTURING 183 When target is P
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3.8. TEXTURING 185 Texture Base BLE
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3.8. TEXTURING 187 SRCn RGB OPERAND
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3.8. TEXTURING 189 If the value of
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3.9. COLOR SUM 191 results of textu
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3.11. FRAGMENT SHADERS 193 a color
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3.11. FRAGMENT SHADERS 195 The GL r
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3.12. ANTIALIASING APPLICATION 197
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 199 Fr
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 201 do
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 203 ma
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 205 If
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 207 Mo
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 209 Bl
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4.1. PER-FRAGMENT OPERATIONS 211 Ar
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4.2. WHOLE FRAMEBUFFER OPERATIONS 2
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4.3. DRAWING, READING, AND COPYING
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Chapter 5 Special Functions This ch
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5.1. EVALUATORS 229 EvalMesh EvalPo
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5.1. EVALUATORS 231 This is done us
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5.2. SELECTION 233 EvalCoord2(p *
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5.3. FEEDBACK 235 written. The mini
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5.4. DISPLAY LISTS 237 Type coordin
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5.4. DISPLAY LISTS 239 state. When
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5.4. DISPLAY LISTS 241 the effect o
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5.6. HINTS 243 Target Hint descript
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 245 6.1.2 Da
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 247 TEXTURE
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 249 Base Int
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 251 are used
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 253 target m
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 255 of bits
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 257 returns
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 259 into sou
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 261 table 6.
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6.1. QUERYING GL STATE 263 Type cod
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6.2. STATE TABLES 265 Get Initial G
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6.2. STATE TABLES 267 Initial Value
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6.2. STATE TABLES 293 Minimum Value
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6.2. STATE TABLES 295 Minimum Value
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Appendix A Invariance The OpenGL sp
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A.3. INVARIANCE RULES 301 • Sciss
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Appendix B Corollaries The followin
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305 17. (No pixel dropouts or dupli
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C.2. POLYGON OFFSET 307 C.2 Polygon
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C.10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 309 3. The l
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Appendix D Version 1.2 OpenGL versi
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D.7. TEXTURE LEVEL OF DETAIL CONTRO
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D.10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 315 D.9.4 Pi
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D.10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 317 Phil Lac
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Appendix E Version 1.2.1 OpenGL ver
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F.3. MULTISAMPLE 321 one cube face
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F.9. TRANSPOSE MATRIX 323 image, th
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F.10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 325 Elio Del
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F.10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 327 Tim Kell
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G.3. CHANGES TO THE IMAGING SUBSET
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G.12. TEXTURE LOD BIAS 331 Texture
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G.15. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 333 John Sta
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H.2. OCCLUSION QUERIES 335 H.2 Occl
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H.5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 337 Paul Carm
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H.5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 339 Neil Trev
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I.2. MULTIPLE RENDER TARGETS 341 I.
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I.7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 343 After the
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Appendix J ARB Extensions OpenGL ex
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J.7. CUBE MAP TEXTURES 347 J.7 Cube
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J.20. WINDOW RASTER POSITION 349 J.
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J.32. MULTIPLE RENDER TARGETS 351 J
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INDEX 353 ArrayElement, 19, 27-29,
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INDEX 355 CopyConvolutionFilter2D,
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INDEX 357 FOG COORD ARRAY STRIDE, 3
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INDEX 359 Index[type]v, 27 INDEX AR
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INDEX 361 85 MAX VERTEX UNIFORM COM
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INDEX 363 POST CONVOLUTION GREEN SC
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INDEX 365 STATIC READ, 34, 35 STENC
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INDEX 367 UniformMatrix*, 343 Unifo
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