Moletronics Full Paper.doc - 123SeminarsOnly

MOLETRONICS
MANISH KR. PATHAK
EC 3 rd Yr.(A1)
0800131049

OVERVIEW
►INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
►WHAT WHAT IS MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS ???
►HISTORY HISTORY
►WHY WHY MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS ?????
►OPERATION
OPERATION
►ROADBLOCKS
ROADBLOCKS

MOORE’S LAW
► The number of transistors that can be fabricated
on a silicon integrated circuit and therefore the
computing speed of such a circuit is doubling
every 18 to 24 months.
► After four decades, solid-state microelectronics
has advanced to the point at which 100 million
transistors, with feature size measuring 180 nm
can be put onto a few square centimeters of
silicon

INTRODUCTION
Molecular Electronics is recognized as a
key candidate to succeed the silicon based
technology once we have arrived at the
end of the semiconductor roadmap. The
use of organic molecules in nanoscale
nonlinear circuits offers many opportunities
for new types of devices, which will differ in
fabrication, functionality, and architecture

BASIC IDEA

MOLECTRONICS
Molecular electronics involves the
study and application of molecular
building blocks for the fabrication of
electronic components.
It investigates the electronic transport
and current flow at the molecular
level.

HISTORY OF MOLETRONICS

► 1950s- 1950s-
INVENTION OF TRANSISTOR
► 1956- 1956-
ARTHUR VON GAVE IDEA ABOUT
MOLECULAR ENGINEERING
► 1960s & 1970s- EXPERIMENTS ALL AROUND THE
WORLD
► 1981-”STM” 1981-”STM”
INVENTED (FIRST TOOL TO
PROVIDE ABILITY TO SEE AT ATOMIC
LEVEL)

WHY MOLETRONICS
►SMALLER SMALLER SIZE
►NEW NEW FUNCTIONALITIES
►POWER/ POWER/ SPEED
►LOW LOW MANUFACTURING COST

SIZE
►Molecular Molecular Electronics is a way to
extend Moore’s Law past the limits of
standard semiconductor Circuits.
►100X 100X smaller than their counterparts

POWER/SPEED
►Currently Currently Transistors cannot be stacked,
which makes them quite ineffecient!
►Molecular Molecular technology will be able to add a 3
dimension.
dimension
►Femtoseconds
Femtoseconds switching times.

MANUFACTURING
►Most Most designs use either spin coating or
Self-Assembly process.
►Individual Individual Molecules can be made exactly
the same by the Billions.
►Molecular Molecular assembly tends to occur at Room
Temperature.

MOLECULAR SWITCH
►Semiconductor Semiconductor switches can be made on a
very small scale.
►Perform Perform computational functions when
placed in the right combination.
►Molecular Molecular switch is orders of magnitude
smaller.

OPERATION
►In In practice, the switch is triggered by
light and controlled with an electric
field.
►Both Both of these actions can change the direction
of the molecule’s dipole by 180 degrees.

MOLECULAR MATERIALS FOR
ELECTRONICS
►THIS THIS GENERALLY REFERS TO
“CONDUCTING CONDUCTING POLYMERS”
POLYMERS
►CONDUCTING CONDUCTING POLYMERS ARE
ORGANIC POLYMERS THAT CONDUCTS
ELECTIRCITY IN BULK STATE (GOOD
CONDUCTIVITY).

Eg. CONDUCTING POLMERS
►POLYACTLENE
POLYACTLENE
►POLYTHIOPENE
POLYTHIOPENE
►POLYANILINE POLYANILINE etc.

FUTURE
►SOONER SOONER Si BASED DEVICE WILL BE
REPLACED BY THE MOLECULAR BASED
ELECTRONIC DEVICES.

MOLETRONICS ROADBLOCKS
► Molecular electronics must still be integrated with Silicon.
► Among the important issues is the determination of the
resistance of a single molecule (both theortical and
experimental).
► It is difficult to perform direct characterization since
imaging at the molecular scale is often impossible in
many experimental devices.
► Interconnection of two components at molecular level